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Mercurial has the ability to add new features through the use of
extensions. Extensions may add new commands, add options to
existing commands, change the default behavior of commands, or
implement hooks.
Extensions are not loaded by default for a variety of reasons:
they can increase startup overhead; they may be meant for advanced
usage only; they may provide potentially dangerous abilities (such
as letting you destroy or modify history); they might not be ready
for prime time; or they may alter some usual behaviors of stock
Mercurial. It is thus up to the user to activate extensions as
needed.
To enable the "foo" extension, either shipped with Mercurial or in
the Python search path, create an entry for it in your hgrc, like
this::
[extensions]
foo =
You may also specify the full path to an extension::
[extensions]
myfeature = ~/.hgext/myfeature.py
To explicitly disable an extension enabled in an hgrc of broader
scope, prepend its path with !::
[extensions]
# disabling extension bar residing in /path/to/extension/bar.py
hgext.bar = !/path/to/extension/bar.py
# ditto, but no path was supplied for extension baz
hgext.baz = !
s enabled extensions:s disabled extensions:( R t
extensionst enabledR t disabled( t docR R ( ( s! /sys/lib/python/mercurial/help.pyt extshelp3 s " t datess Date Formatss
Some commands allow the user to specify a date, e.g.:
- backout, commit, import, tag: Specify the commit date.
- log, revert, update: Select revision(s) by date.
Many date formats are valid. Here are some examples::
"Wed Dec 6 13:18:29 2006" (local timezone assumed)
"Dec 6 13:18 -0600" (year assumed, time offset provided)
"Dec 6 13:18 UTC" (UTC and GMT are aliases for +0000)
"Dec 6" (midnight)
"13:18" (today assumed)
"3:39" (3:39AM assumed)
"3:39pm" (15:39)
"2006-12-06 13:18:29" (ISO 8601 format)
"2006-12-6 13:18"
"2006-12-6"
"12-6"
"12/6"
"12/6/6" (Dec 6 2006)
Lastly, there is Mercurial's internal format::
"1165432709 0" (Wed Dec 6 13:18:29 2006 UTC)
This is the internal representation format for dates. unixtime is
the number of seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 00:00 UTC).
offset is the offset of the local timezone, in seconds west of UTC
(negative if the timezone is east of UTC).
The log command also accepts date ranges::
"<{datetime}" - at or before a given date/time
">{datetime}" - on or after a given date/time
"{datetime} to {datetime}" - a date range, inclusive
"-{days}" - within a given number of days of today
t patternss File Name Patternssk
Mercurial accepts several notations for identifying one or more
files at a time.
By default, Mercurial treats filenames as shell-style extended
glob patterns.
Alternate pattern notations must be specified explicitly.
To use a plain path name without any pattern matching, start it
with "path:". These path names must completely match starting at
the current repository root.
To use an extended glob, start a name with "glob:". Globs are
rooted at the current directory; a glob such as "``*.c``" will
only match files in the current directory ending with ".c".
The supported glob syntax extensions are "``**``" to match any
string across path separators and "{a,b}" to mean "a or b".
To use a Perl/Python regular expression, start a name with "re:".
Regexp pattern matching is anchored at the root of the repository.
Plain examples::
path:foo/bar a name bar in a directory named foo in the root
of the repository
path:path:name a file or directory named "path:name"
Glob examples::
glob:*.c any name ending in ".c" in the current directory
*.c any name ending in ".c" in the current directory
**.c any name ending in ".c" in any subdirectory of the
current directory including itself.
foo/*.c any name ending in ".c" in the directory foo
foo/**.c any name ending in ".c" in any subdirectory of foo
including itself.
Regexp examples::
re:.*\.c$ any name ending in ".c", anywhere in the repository
t environmentt envs Environment VariablessŽ
HG
Path to the 'hg' executable, automatically passed when running
hooks, extensions or external tools. If unset or empty, this is
the hg executable's name if it's frozen, or an executable named
'hg' (with %PATHEXT% [defaulting to COM/EXE/BAT/CMD] extensions on
Windows) is searched.
HGEDITOR
This is the name of the editor to run when committing. See EDITOR.
(deprecated, use .hgrc)
HGENCODING
This overrides the default locale setting detected by Mercurial.
This setting is used to convert data including usernames,
changeset descriptions, tag names, and branches. This setting can
be overridden with the --encoding command-line option.
HGENCODINGMODE
This sets Mercurial's behavior for handling unknown characters
while transcoding user input. The default is "strict", which
causes Mercurial to abort if it can't map a character. Other
settings include "replace", which replaces unknown characters, and
"ignore", which drops them. This setting can be overridden with
the --encodingmode command-line option.
HGMERGE
An executable to use for resolving merge conflicts. The program
will be executed with three arguments: local file, remote file,
ancestor file.
(deprecated, use .hgrc)
HGRCPATH
A list of files or directories to search for hgrc files. Item
separator is ":" on Unix, ";" on Windows. If HGRCPATH is not set,
platform default search path is used. If empty, only the .hg/hgrc
from the current repository is read.
For each element in HGRCPATH:
- if it's a directory, all files ending with .rc are added
- otherwise, the file itself will be added
HGUSER
This is the string used as the author of a commit. If not set,
available values will be considered in this order:
- HGUSER (deprecated)
- hgrc files from the HGRCPATH
- EMAIL
- interactive prompt
- LOGNAME (with '@hostname' appended)
(deprecated, use .hgrc)
EMAIL
May be used as the author of a commit; see HGUSER.
LOGNAME
May be used as the author of a commit; see HGUSER.
VISUAL
This is the name of the editor to use when committing. See EDITOR.
EDITOR
Sometimes Mercurial needs to open a text file in an editor for a
user to modify, for example when writing commit messages. The
editor it uses is determined by looking at the environment
variables HGEDITOR, VISUAL and EDITOR, in that order. The first
non-empty one is chosen. If all of them are empty, the editor
defaults to 'vi'.
PYTHONPATH
This is used by Python to find imported modules and may need to be
set appropriately if this Mercurial is not installed system-wide.
t revst revisionss Specifying Single Revisionss<
Mercurial supports several ways to specify individual revisions.
A plain integer is treated as a revision number. Negative integers
are treated as sequential offsets from the tip, with -1 denoting
the tip, -2 denoting the revision prior to the tip, and so forth.
A 40-digit hexadecimal string is treated as a unique revision
identifier.
A hexadecimal string less than 40 characters long is treated as a
unique revision identifier and is referred to as a short-form
identifier. A short-form identifier is only valid if it is the
prefix of exactly one full-length identifier.
Any other string is treated as a tag or branch name. A tag name is
a symbolic name associated with a revision identifier. A branch
name denotes the tipmost revision of that branch. Tag and branch
names must not contain the ":" character.
The reserved name "tip" is a special tag that always identifies
the most recent revision.
The reserved name "null" indicates the null revision. This is the
revision of an empty repository, and the parent of revision 0.
The reserved name "." indicates the working directory parent. If
no working directory is checked out, it is equivalent to null. If
an uncommitted merge is in progress, "." is the revision of the
first parent.
t mrevst multirevss Specifying Multiple Revisionss¼
When Mercurial accepts more than one revision, they may be
specified individually, or provided as a topologically continuous
range, separated by the ":" character.
The syntax of range notation is [BEGIN]:[END], where BEGIN and END
are revision identifiers. Both BEGIN and END are optional. If
BEGIN is not specified, it defaults to revision number 0. If END
is not specified, it defaults to the tip. The range ":" thus means
"all revisions".
If BEGIN is greater than END, revisions are treated in reverse
order.
A range acts as a closed interval. This means that a range of 3:5
gives 3, 4 and 5. Similarly, a range of 9:6 gives 9, 8, 7, and 6.
t diffss Diff Formatss¬
Mercurial's default format for showing changes between two
versions of a file is compatible with the unified format of GNU
diff, which can be used by GNU patch and many other standard
tools.
While this standard format is often enough, it does not encode the
following information:
- executable status and other permission bits
- copy or rename information
- changes in binary files
- creation or deletion of empty files
Mercurial also supports the extended diff format from the git VCS
which addresses these limitations. The git diff format is not
produced by default because a few widespread tools still do not
understand this format.
This means that when generating diffs from a Mercurial repository
(e.g. with "hg export"), you should be careful about things like
file copies and renames or other things mentioned above, because
when applying a standard diff to a different repository, this
extra information is lost. Mercurial's internal operations (like
push and pull) are not affected by this, because they use an
internal binary format for communicating changes.
To make Mercurial produce the git extended diff format, use the
--git option available for many commands, or set 'git = True' in
the [diff] section of your hgrc. You do not need to set this
option when importing diffs in this format or using them in the mq
extension.
t
templatingt templatess Template Usages—
Mercurial allows you to customize output of commands through
templates. You can either pass in a template from the command
line, via the --template option, or select an existing
template-style (--style).
You can customize output for any "log-like" command: log,
outgoing, incoming, tip, parents, heads and glog.
Three styles are packaged with Mercurial: default (the style used
when no explicit preference is passed), compact and changelog.
Usage::
$ hg log -r1 --style changelog
A template is a piece of text, with markup to invoke variable
expansion::
$ hg log -r1 --template "{node}\n"
b56ce7b07c52de7d5fd79fb89701ea538af65746
Strings in curly braces are called keywords. The availability of
keywords depends on the exact context of the templater. These
keywords are usually available for templating a log-like command:
:author: String. The unmodified author of the changeset.
:branches: String. The name of the branch on which the changeset
was committed. Will be empty if the branch name was
default.
:date: Date information. The date when the changeset was
committed.
:desc: String. The text of the changeset description.
:diffstat: String. Statistics of changes with the following
format: "modified files: +added/-removed lines"
:files: List of strings. All files modified, added, or removed
by this changeset.
:file_adds: List of strings. Files added by this changeset.
:file_mods: List of strings. Files modified by this changeset.
:file_dels: List of strings. Files removed by this changeset.
:node: String. The changeset identification hash, as a
40-character hexadecimal string.
:parents: List of strings. The parents of the changeset.
:rev: Integer. The repository-local changeset revision
number.
:tags: List of strings. Any tags associated with the
changeset.
The "date" keyword does not produce human-readable output. If you
want to use a date in your output, you can use a filter to process
it. Filters are functions which return a string based on the input
variable. You can also use a chain of filters to get the desired
output::
$ hg tip --template "{date|isodate}\n"
2008-08-21 18:22 +0000
List of filters:
:addbreaks: Any text. Add an XHTML "
" tag before the end of
every line except the last.
:age: Date. Returns a human-readable date/time difference
between the given date/time and the current
date/time.
:basename: Any text. Treats the text as a path, and returns the
last component of the path after splitting by the
path separator (ignoring trailing separators). For
example, "foo/bar/baz" becomes "baz" and "foo/bar//"
becomes "bar".
:stripdir: Treat the text as path and strip a directory level,
if possible. For example, "foo" and "foo/bar" becomes
"foo".
:date: Date. Returns a date in a Unix date format, including
the timezone: "Mon Sep 04 15:13:13 2006 0700".
:domain: Any text. Finds the first string that looks like an
email address, and extracts just the domain
component. Example: 'User ' becomes
'example.com'.
:email: Any text. Extracts the first string that looks like
an email address. Example: 'User '
becomes 'user@example.com'.
:escape: Any text. Replaces the special XML/XHTML characters
"&", "<" and ">" with XML entities.
:fill68: Any text. Wraps the text to fit in 68 columns.
:fill76: Any text. Wraps the text to fit in 76 columns.
:firstline: Any text. Returns the first line of text.
:nonempty: Any text. Returns '(none)' if the string is empty.
:hgdate: Date. Returns the date as a pair of numbers:
"1157407993 25200" (Unix timestamp, timezone offset).
:isodate: Date. Returns the date in ISO 8601 format.
:localdate: Date. Converts a date to local date.
:obfuscate: Any text. Returns the input text rendered as a
sequence of XML entities.
:person: Any text. Returns the text before an email address.
:rfc822date: Date. Returns a date using the same format used in
email headers.
:short: Changeset hash. Returns the short form of a changeset
hash, i.e. a 12-byte hexadecimal string.
:shortdate: Date. Returns a date like "2006-09-18".
:strip: Any text. Strips all leading and trailing whitespace.
:tabindent: Any text. Returns the text, with every line except
the first starting with a tab character.
:urlescape: Any text. Escapes all "special" characters. For
example, "foo bar" becomes "foo%20bar".
:user: Any text. Returns the user portion of an email
address.
t urlss URL PathssY
Valid URLs are of the form::
local/filesystem/path[#revision]
file://local/filesystem/path[#revision]
http://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path][#revision]
https://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path][#revision]
ssh://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path][#revision]
Paths in the local filesystem can either point to Mercurial
repositories or to bundle files (as created by 'hg bundle' or 'hg
incoming --bundle').
An optional identifier after # indicates a particular branch, tag,
or changeset to use from the remote repository. See also 'hg help
revisions'.
Some features, such as pushing to http:// and https:// URLs are
only possible if the feature is explicitly enabled on the remote
Mercurial server.
Some notes about using SSH with Mercurial:
- SSH requires an accessible shell account on the destination
machine and a copy of hg in the remote path or specified with as
remotecmd.
- path is relative to the remote user's home directory by default.
Use an extra slash at the start of a path to specify an absolute
path::
ssh://example.com//tmp/repository
- Mercurial doesn't use its own compression via SSH; the right
thing to do is to configure it in your ~/.ssh/config, e.g.::
Host *.mylocalnetwork.example.com
Compression no
Host *
Compression yes
Alternatively specify "ssh -C" as your ssh command in your hgrc
or with the --ssh command line option.
These URLs can all be stored in your hgrc with path aliases under
the [paths] section like so::
[paths]
alias1 = URL1
alias2 = URL2
...
You can then use the alias for any command that uses a URL (for
example 'hg pull alias1' would pull from the 'alias1' path).
Two path aliases are special because they are used as defaults
when you do not provide the URL to a command:
default:
When you create a repository with hg clone, the clone command
saves the location of the source repository as the new
repository's 'default' path. This is then used when you omit
path from push- and pull-like commands (including incoming and
outgoing).
default-push:
The push command will look for a path named 'default-push', and
prefer it over 'default' if both are defined.
R s Using additional features( t i18nR R t utilR R R t helptable( ( ( s! /sys/lib/python/mercurial/help.pys s: .% + M i C