These are Free UCS Outline Fonts converted to the subfont format. This "README" contains the original README AUTHORS CREDITS COPYING files. Federico G. Benavento January 2008 -*-text-*- $Id: README,v 1.2 2005/12/01 15:00:24 peterlin Exp $ Summary: This project aims to privide a set of free scalable (i.e., OpenType) fonts covering the ISO 10646/Unicode UCS (Universal Character Set). WHY DO WE NEED FREE SCALABLE UCS FONTS? A large number of free software users switched from free X11 bitmapped fonts to proprietary Microsoft Truetype fonts, as a) they used to be freely downloaded from Microsoft Typography page , b) they contain a more or less decent subsed of the ISO 10646 UCS (Universal Character Set), c) they are high-quality, well hinted scalable Truetype fonts, and d) Freetype , a free high-quality Truetype font renderer exists and has been integrated into the latest release of XFree86, the free X11 server. Building a dependence on non-free software, even a niche one like fonts, is dangerous. Microsoft Truetype core fonts are not free, they are just costless. For now, at least. Citing the TrueType core fonts for the Web FAQ : "You may only redistribute the fonts in their original form (.exe or .sit.hqx) and with their original file name from your Web site or intranet site. You must not supply the fonts, or any derivative fonts based on them, in any form that adds value to commercial products, such as CD-ROM or disk based multimedia programs, application software or utilities." As of August 2002, however, the fonts are not anymore available on the Web, which makes the situation clearer. Aren't there any free high-quality scalable fonts? Yes, there are. URW++, a German digital typefoundry, released their own version of the 35 Postscript Type 1 core fonts under GPL as their donation to the Ghostscript project . The Wadalab Kanji comittee has produced Type 1 font files with thousands of filigree Japanese glyphs . Yannis Haralambous has drawn beautiful glyphs for the Omega typesetting system . And so on. Scattered around the internet there are numerous other free resources for other national scripts, many of them aiming to be a suitable match for Latin fonts like Times or Helvetica. WHAT DO WE PLAN TO ACHIEVE, AND HOW? Our aim is to collect available resources, fill in the missing pieces, and provide a set of free high-quality scalable (Opentype) UCS fonts, released under GNU General Public License. Free UCS scalable fonts will cover the following character sets * ISO 8859 parts 1-15 * CEN MES-3 European Unicode Subset http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso10646/pdf/cwa13873.pdf * IBM/Microsoft code pages 437, 850, 852, 1250, 1252 and more * Microsoft/Adobe Windows Glyph List 4 (WGL4) http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/opentype/appendices/wgl4.html * KOI8-R and KOI8-RU * DEC VT100 graphics symbols * International Phonetic Alphabet * Arabic, Hebrew, Armenian, Georgian, Ethiopian, Thai and Lao alphabets, including Arabic presentation forms A/B * Japanese Katakana and Hiragana * mathematical symbols, including the whole TeX repertoire of symbols * APL symbols etc. A free outline font editor, George Williams's FontForge will be used for creating new glyphs. Which font shapes should be made? As historical style terms like Renaissance or Baroque letterforms cannot be applied beyond Latin/Cyrillic/Greek scripts to any greater extent than Kufi or Nashki can be applied beyond Arabic script, a smaller subset of styles will be made: one monospaced and two proportional (one with uniform stroke and one with modulated) will be made at the start. In the beginning, however, we don't believe that Truetype hinting will be good enough to compete with neither the hand-crafted bitmapped fonts at small sizes, nor with commercial TrueType fonts. A companion program for modifying the TrueType font tables, TtfMod, is in the works, though: . For applications like xterm, users are referred to the existing UCS bitmap fonts, . LICENSING Free UCS scalable fonts is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. The fonts are distributed in the hope that they will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. As a special exception, if you create a document which uses this font, and embed this font or unaltered portions of this font into the document, this font does not by itself cause the resulting document to be covered by the GNU General Public License. This exception does not however invalidate any other reasons why the document might be covered by the GNU General Public License. If you modify this font, you may extend this exception to your version of the font, but you are not obligated to do so. If you do not wish to do so, delete this exception statement from your version. WHAT DO THE FILE SUFFICES MEAN? The files with .sfd (Spline Font Database) are in FontForge's native format. Please use these if you plan to modify the font files. FontForge can export these to mostly any existing font file format. TrueType fonts for immediate consumption are the files with the .ttf (TrueType Font) suffix. You can use them directly, e.g. with the X font server. The files with .ps (PostScript) suffix are not font files at all - they are merely PostScript files with glyph tables, which can be used for overview, which glyphs are contained in which font file. You may have noticed the lacking of PostScript Type 1 (.pfa/.pfb) font files. Type 1 format does not support large (> 256) encoding vectors, so they can not be used with ISO 10646 encoding. If your printer supports it, you can use Type 0 format, though. Please use FontForge for conversion to Type 0. Primoz Peterlin, Free UCS scalable fonts: http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/freefont/ -*- mode:text; coding:utf-8; -*- $Id: AUTHORS,v 1.9 2005/12/03 10:56:08 peterlin Exp $ The free UCS scalable font collection is being maintained by Primo� Peterlin . The folowing list cites the other contributors that contributed to particular ISO 10646 blocks. * URW++ Design & Development GmbH Basic Latin (U+0041-U+007A) Latin-1 Supplement (U+00C0-U+00FF) (most) Latin Extended-A (U+0100-U+017F) Spacing Modifier Letters (U+02B0-U+02FF) Mathematical Operators (U+2200-U+22FF) (parts) Block Elements (U+2580-U+259F) Dingbats (U+2700-U+27BF) * Yannis Haralambous and John Plaice Latin Extended-B (U+0180-U+024F) IPA Extensions (U+0250-U+02AF) Greek (U+0370-U+03FF) Armenian (U+0530-U+058F) Hebrew (U+0590-U+05FF) Arabic (U+0600-U+06FF) Currency Symbols (U+20A0-U+20CF) Arabic Presentation Forms-A (U+FB50-U+FDFF) Arabic Presentation Forms-B (U+FE70-U+FEFF) * Young U. Ryu Arrows (U+2190-U+21FF) Mathematical Symbols (U+2200-U+22FF) * Valek Filippov Cyrillic (U+0400-U+04FF) * Wadalab Kanji Comittee Hiragana (U+3040-U+309F) Katakana (U+30A0-U+30FF) * Angelo Haritsis Greek (U+0370-U+03FF) * Yannis Haralambous and Virach Sornlertlamvanich Thai (U+0E00-U+0E7F) * Shaheed R. Haque Bengali (U+0980-U+09FF) * Sam Stepanyan Armenian (U+0530-U+058F) * Mohamed Ishan Thaana (U+0780-U+07BF) * Sushant Kumar Dash Oriya (U+0B00-U+0B7F) * Harsh Kumar Devanagari (U+0900-U+097F) Bengali (U+0980-U+09FF) Gurmukhi (U+0A00-U+0A7F) Gujarati (U+0A80-U+0AFF) * Prasad A. Chodavarapu Telugu (U+0C00-U+0C7F) * Frans Velthuis and Anshuman Pandey Devanagari (U+0900-U+097F) * Hardip Singh Pannu Gurmukhi (U+0A00-U+0A7F) * Jeroen Hellingman Oriya (U+0B00-U+0B7F) Malayalam (U+0D00-U+0D7F) * Thomas Ridgeway Tamil (U+0B80-U+0BFF) * Berhanu Beyene <1beyene AT informatik.uni-hamburg.de>, Prof. Dr. Manfred Kudlek , Olaf Kummer , and Jochen Metzinger Ethiopic (U+1200-U+137F) * Maxim Iorsh Hebrew (U+0590-U+05FF) * Vyacheslav Dikonov Syriac (U+0700-U+074A) Braille (U+2800-U+28FF) * Panayotis Katsaloulis Greek Extended (U+1F00-U+1FFF) * M.S. Sridhar Devanagari (U+0900-U+097F) Bengali (U+0980-U+09FF) Gurmukhi (U+0A00-U+0A7F) Gujarati (U+0A80-U+0AFF) Oriya (U+0B00-U+0B7F) Tamil (U+0B80-U+0BFF) Telugu (U+0C00-U+0C7F) Kannada (U+0C80-U+0CFF) Malayalam (U+0D00-U+0D7F) * DMS Electronics, The Sri Lanka Tipitaka Project, and Noah Levitt Sinhala (U+0D80-U+0DFF) * Dan Shurovich Chirkov Cyrillic (U+0400-U+04FF) * Abbas Izad Arabic (U+0600-U+06FF) Arabic Presentation Forms-A (U+FB50-U+FDFF) Arabic Presentation Forms-B (U+FE70-U+FEFF) * Denis Jacquerye Latin Extended-B (U+0180-U+024F) IPA Extensions (U+0250-U+02AF) * K.H. Hussain and R. Chitrajan Malayalam (U+0D00-U+0D7F) * Solaiman Karim Bengali (U+0980-U+09FF) Please see the CREDITS file for details on who contributed particular subsets of the glyphs in font files. -*- mode:text; coding:utf-8; -*- $Id: CREDITS,v 1.8 2005/12/03 10:56:08 peterlin Exp $ This file lists the contributors and contributions to the free UCS scalable font project. * URW++ Design & Development GmbH URW++ donated a set of 35 core PostScript Type 1 fonts to the Ghostscript project , to be available under the terms of GNU General Public License (GPL). Basic Latin (U+0041-U+007A) Latin-1 Supplement (U+00C0-U+00FF) Latin Extended-A (U+0100-U+017F) Spacing Modifier Letters (U+02B0-U+02FF) Mathematical Operators (U+2200-U+22FF) Block Elements (U+2580-U+259F) Dingbats (U+2700-U+27BF) * Yannis Haralambous and John Plaice Yannis Haralambous and John Plaice are the authors of Omega typesetting system, . Omega is an extension of TeX. Its first release, aims primarily at improving TeX's multilingual abilities. In Omega all characters and pointers into data-structures are 16-bit wide, instead of 8-bit, thereby eliminating many of the trivial limitations of TeX. Omega also allows multiple input and output character sets, and uses programmable filters to translate from one encoding to another, to perform contextual analysis, etc. Internally, Omega uses the universal 16-bit Unicode standard character set, based on ISO-10646. These improvements not only make it a lot easier for TeX users to cope with multiple or complex languages, like Arabic, Indic, Khmer, Chinese, Japanese or Korean, in one document, but will also form the basis for future developments in other areas, such as native color support and hypertext features. ... Fonts for UT1 (omlgc family) and UT2 (omah family) are under development: these fonts are in PostScript format and visually close to Times and Helvetica font families. (from the Omega WWW site). Omega fonts are available subject to GPL . Latin Extended-B (U+0180-U+024F) IPA Extensions (U+0250-U+02AF) Greek (U+0370-U+03FF) Armenian (U+0530-U+058F) Hebrew (U+0590-U+05FF) Arabic (U+0600-U+06FF) Currency Symbols (U+20A0-U+20CF) Arabic Presentation Forms-A (U+FB50-U+FDFF) Arabic Presentation Forms-B (U+FE70-U+FEFF) * Valek Filippov Valek Filippov added Cyrillic glyphs and composite Latin Extended A to the whole set of the abovementioned URW set of 35 PostScript core fonts, . The fonts are available under GPL. Latin Extended-A (U+0100-U+017F) Cyrillic (U+0400-U+04FF) * Wadalab Kanji Comittee Between April 1990 and March 1992, Wadalab Kanji Comittee put together a series of scalable font files with Japanese scripts, in four forms: Sai Micho, Chu Mincho, Cho Kaku and Saimaru. The font files are written in custom file format, while tools for conversion into Metafont and PostScript Type 1 are also supplied. The Wadalab Kanji Comittee has later been dismissed, and the resulting files can be now found on the FTP server of the Depertment of Mathematical Engineering and Information Physics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo . Hiragana (U+3040-U+309F) Katakana (U+30A0-U+30FF) * Young U. Ryu Young Ryu is the author of Txfonts, a set of mathematical symbols designed to accompany text typeset in Times or its variants. In the documentation, Young adresses the design of mathematical symbols: "The Adobe Times fonts are thicker than the CM fonts. Designing math fonts for Times based on the rule thickness of Times = , , + , / , < , etc. would result in too thick math symbols, in my opinion. In the TX fonts, these glyphs are thinner than those of original Times fonts. That is, the rule thickness of these glyphs is around 85% of that of the Times fonts, but still thicker than that of the CM fonts." TX fonts are are distributed under the GNU public license (GPL). Pointers to their location are available on . Arrows (U+2190-U+21FF) Mathematical Symbols (U+2200-U+22FF) * Angelo Haritsis Angelo Haritsis has compiled a set of Greek Type 1 fonts, available on . The glyphs from this source has been used to compose Greek glyphs in FreeSans and FreeMono. Angelo's licence says: "You can enjoy free use of these fonts for educational or commercial purposes. All derived works should include this paragraph. If you want to change something please let me have your changes (via email) so that they can go into the next version. You can also send comments etc to the above address." Greek (U+0370-U+03FF) * Yannis Haralambous and Virach Sornlertlamvanich In 1999, Yannis Haralambous and Virach Sornlertlamvanich made a set of glyphs covering the Thai national standard NF3, in both upright and slanted shape. The collection of glyphs have been made part of GNU intlfonts 1.2 package and is available on under GPL. Thai (U+0E00-U+0E7F) * Shaheed R. Haque Shaheed Haque has developed a basic set of basic Bengali glyphs (without ligatures), using ISO10646 encoding. They are available under the XFree86 license at . Copyright (C) 2001 S.R.Haque . All Rights Reserved. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL S.R.HAQUE BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. Except as contained in this notice, the name of S.R.Haque shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization from S.R.Haque. Bengali (U+0980-U+09FF) * Sam Stepanyan Sam Stepanyan created a set of Armenian sans serif glyphs visually compatible with Helvetica or Arial. Available on . On 2002-01-24, Sam writes: "Arial Armenian font is free for non-commercial use, so it is OK to use under GPL license." Armenian (U+0530-U+058F) * Mohamed Ishan Mohamed Ishan has started a Thaana Unicode Project and among other things created a couple of Thaana fonts, available under FDL or BDF license. Thaana (U+0780-U+07BF) * Sushant Kumar Dash (*) Sushant Dash has created a font in his mother tongue, Oriya. As he states on his web page : "Please feel free to foreword this mail to your Oriya friends. No copyright law is applied for this font. It is totally free!!! Feel free to modify this using any font editing tools. This is designed for people like me, who are away from Orissa and want to write letters home using Computers, but suffer due to unavailability of Oriya fonts.(Or the cost of the available packages are too much)." Oriya (U+0B00-U+0B7F) * Harsh Kumar Harsh Kumar has started BharatBhasha - an effort to provide "FREE software, Tutorial, Source Codes etc. available for working in Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati, Gurmukhi and Bangla. You can type text, write Web pages or develop Indian Languages Applications on Windows and on Linux. We also offer FREE help to users, enthusiasts and software developers for their work in Indian languages." Devanagari (U+0900-U+097F) Bengali (U+0980-U+09FF) Gurmukhi (U+0A00-U+0A7F) Gujarati (U+0A80-U+0AFF) * Prasad A. Chodavarapu Prasad A. Chodavarapu created Tikkana, a Telugu font available in Type 1 and TrueType format on . Tikkana exceeds the Unicode Telugu range with some composite glyphs. Available under the GNU General Public License. Telugu (U+0C00-U+0C7F) * Frans Velthuis and Anshuman Pandey In 1991, Frans Velthuis from the Groningen University, The Netherlands, released a Devanagari font as Metafont source, available under the terms of GNU GPL. Later, Anshuman Pandey from the Washington University, Seattle, USA, took over the maintenance of font. Fonts can be found on CTAN, . I converted the font to Type 1 format using P-B�ter Szab�'s TeXtrace-A program and removed some redundant control points with PfaEdit. Devanagari (U+0900-U+097F) * Hardip Singh Pannu In 1991, Hardip Singh Pannu has created a free Gurmukhi TrueType font, available as regular, bold, oblique and bold oblique form. Its license says "Please remember that these fonts are copyrighted (by me) and are for non-profit use only." Gurmukhi (U+0A00-U+0A7F) * Jeroen Hellingman Jeroen Hellingman created a set of Malayalam metafonts in 1994, and a set of Oriya metafonts in 1996. Malayalam fonts were created as uniform stroke only, while Oriya metafonts exist in both uniform and modulated stroke. From private communication: "It is my intention to release the fonts under GPL, but not all copies around have this notice on them." Metafonts can be found on CTAN, and . Oriya (U+0B00-U+0B7F) Malayalam (U+0D00-U+0D7F) * Thomas Ridgeway <> (*) Thomas Ridgeway, then at the Humanities And Arts Computing Center, Washington University, Seattle, USA, (now defunct), created a Tamil metafont in 1990. Anshuman Pandey from the same university took over the maintenance of font. Fonts can be found at CTAN, . Tamil (U+0B80-U+0BFF) * Berhanu Beyene <1beyene AT informatik.uni-hamburg.de>, Prof. Dr. Manfred Kudlek , Olaf Kummer , and Jochen Metzinger Beyene, Kudlek, Kummer and Metzinger from the Theoretical Foundations of Computer Science, University of Hamburg, prepared a set of Ethiopic metafonts, found on . They also maintain home page on the Ethiopic font project, , and can be reached at . The current version of fonts is 0.7 (1998), and they are released under GNU GPL. I converted the fonts to Type 1 format using P-B�ter Szab�'s TeXtrace-A program and removed some redundant control points with PfaEdit. Ethiopic (U+1200-U+137F) * Maxim Iorsh In 2002, Maxim Iorsh started the Culmus project, aiming at providing Hebrew-speaking Linux and Unix community with a basic collection of Hebrew fonts for X Windows. The fonts are visually compatible with URW++ Century Schoolbook L, URW++ Nimbus Sans L and URW++ Nimbus Mono L families, respectively, and are released under GNU GPL license. See also . Hebrew (U+0590-U+05FF) * Panayotis Katsaloulis Panayotis Katsaloulis helped fixing Greek accents in the Greek Extended area. Greek Extended (U+1F00-U+1FFF) * Vyacheslav Dikonov Vyacheslav Dikonov made a Braille unicode font that could be merged with the UCS fonts to fill the 2800-28FF range completely. (uniform scaling is possible to adapt it to any cell size). He also contributed a free syriac font, whose glyphs (about half of them) are borrowed from the "Carlo Ator" font freely downloadable from . Vyacheslav also filled in a few missing spots in the U+2000-U+27FF area, e.g. the box drawing section, sets of subscript and superscript digits and capital Roman numbers. Syriac (U+0700-U+074A) Box Drawing (U+2500-U+257F) Braille (U+2800-U+28FF) * M.S. Sridhar M/S Cyberscape Multimedia Limited, Mumbai, developers of Akruti Software for Indian Languages (http://www.akruti.com/), have released a set of TTF fonts for nine Indian scripts (Devanagari, Gujarati, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali, Oriya, and Gurumukhi) under the GNU General Public License (GPL). You can download the fonts from the Free Software Foundation of India WWW site (http://www.gnu.org.in/software/software.html#akruti) or from the Akruti website. For any further information or assistance regarding these fonts, please contact mssridhar AT vsnl.com. Devanagari (U+0900-U+097F) Bengali (U+0980-U+09FF) Gurmukhi (U+0A00-U+0A7F) Gujarati (U+0A80-U+0AFF) Oriya (U+0B00-U+0B7F) Tamil (U+0B80-U+0BFF) Telugu (U+0C00-U+0C7F) Kannada (U+0C80-U+0CFF) Malayalam (U+0D00-U+0D7F) * DMS Electronics, The Sri Lanka Tipitaka Project, and Noah Levitt Noah Levitt found out that the Sinhalese fonts available on the site are released under GNU GPL, or, precisely, "Public Domain under GNU Licence Produced by DMS Electronics for The Sri Lanka Tipitaka Project" (taken from the font comment), and took the effort of recoding the font to Unicode. Sinhala (U+0D80-U+0DFF) * Daniel Shurovich Chirkov Dan Chirkov updated the FreeSerif font with the missing Cyrillic glyphs needed for conformance to Unicode 3.2. The effort is part of the Slavjanskij package for Mac OS X, . Cyrillic (U+0400-U+04FF) * Denis Jacquerye Denis Jacquerye added new glyphs and corrected existing ones in the Latin Extended-B and IPA Extensions ranges. Latin Extended-B (U+0180-U+024F) IPA Extensions (U+0250-U+02AF) * K.H. Hussain and R. Chitrajan `Rachana' in Malayalam means `to write', `to create'. Rachana Akshara Vedi, a team of socially committed information technology professionals and philologists, has applied developments in computer technology and desktop publishing to resurrect the Malayalam language from the disorder, fragmentation and degeneration it had suffered since the attempt to adapt the Malayalam script for using with a regular mechanical typewriter, which took place in 1967-69. K.H. Hussein at the Kerala Forest Research Institute has released "Rachana Normal" fonts with approximately 900 glyphs required to typeset traditional Malayalam. R. Chitrajan apparently encoded the glyphs in the OpenType table. Malayalam (U+0D00-U+0D7F) * Solaiman Karim Bengali (U+0980-U+09FF) Solaiman Karim has developed several OpenType Bangla fonts and released them under GNU GPL on www.ekushey.org. * Primož Peterlin Primož Peterlin filled in missing glyphs here and there (e.g. Latin Extended-B and IPA Extensions ranges in the FreeMono familiy), and created the following UCS blocks: Latin Extended-B (U+0180-U+024F) IPA Extensions (U+0250-U+02AF) Arrows (U+2190-U+21FF) Box Drawing (U+2500-U+257F) Block Elements (U+2580-U+259F) Geometrical Shapes (U+25A0-U+25FF) Notes: *: The glyph collection looks license-compatible, but its author has not yet replied and agreed on his/her work being used in part of this glyph collection. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-13017, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 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(Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.) These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program. In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License. 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable. If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it. 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License. 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice. This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License. 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. Copyright (C) 19yy This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. , 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.