.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v1.34, Pod::Parser v1.13 .\" .\" Standard preamble: .\" ======================================================================== .de Sh \" Subsection heading .br .if t .Sp .ne 5 .PP \fB\\$1\fR .PP .. .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf .ne \\$1 .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R .fi .. .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. | will give a .\" real vertical bar. \*(C+ will give a nicer C++. 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This is because Perl tends to reimplement or abstract standard library functions, so that we know exactly how they're going to operate. .PP This is a reference card for people who are familiar with the C library and who want to do things the Perl way; to tell them which functions they ought to use instead of the more normal C functions. .Sh "Conventions" .IX Subsection "Conventions" In the following tables: .ie n .IP """t""" 3 .el .IP "\f(CWt\fR" 3 .IX Item "t" is a type. .ie n .IP """p""" 3 .el .IP "\f(CWp\fR" 3 .IX Item "p" is a pointer. .ie n .IP """n""" 3 .el .IP "\f(CWn\fR" 3 .IX Item "n" is a number. .ie n .IP """s""" 3 .el .IP "\f(CWs\fR" 3 .IX Item "s" is a string. .PP \&\f(CW\*(C`sv\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`av\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`hv\*(C'\fR, etc. represent variables of their respective types. .Sh "File Operations" .IX Subsection "File Operations" Instead of the \fIstdio.h\fR functions, you should use the Perl abstraction layer. Instead of \f(CW\*(C`FILE*\*(C'\fR types, you need to be handling \f(CW\*(C`PerlIO*\*(C'\fR types. Don't forget that with the new PerlIO layered I/O abstraction \&\f(CW\*(C`FILE*\*(C'\fR types may not even be available. See also the \f(CW\*(C`perlapio\*(C'\fR documentation for more information about the following functions: .PP .Vb 1 \& Instead Of: Use: .Ve .PP .Vb 3 \& stdin PerlIO_stdin() \& stdout PerlIO_stdout() \& stderr PerlIO_stderr() .Ve .PP .Vb 4 \& fopen(fn, mode) PerlIO_open(fn, mode) \& freopen(fn, mode, stream) PerlIO_reopen(fn, mode, perlio) (Deprecated) \& fflush(stream) PerlIO_flush(perlio) \& fclose(stream) PerlIO_close(perlio) .Ve .Sh "File Input and Output" .IX Subsection "File Input and Output" .Vb 1 \& Instead Of: Use: .Ve .PP .Vb 1 \& fprintf(stream, fmt, ...) PerlIO_printf(perlio, fmt, ...) .Ve .PP .Vb 3 \& [f]getc(stream) PerlIO_getc(perlio) \& [f]putc(stream, n) PerlIO_putc(perlio, n) \& ungetc(n, stream) PerlIO_ungetc(perlio, n) .Ve .PP Note that the PerlIO equivalents of \f(CW\*(C`fread\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`fwrite\*(C'\fR are slightly different from their C library counterparts: .PP .Vb 2 \& fread(p, size, n, stream) PerlIO_read(perlio, buf, numbytes) \& fwrite(p, size, n, stream) PerlIO_write(perlio, buf, numbytes) .Ve .PP .Vb 1 \& fputs(s, stream) PerlIO_puts(perlio, s) .Ve .PP There is no equivalent to \f(CW\*(C`fgets\*(C'\fR; one should use \f(CW\*(C`sv_gets\*(C'\fR instead: .PP .Vb 1 \& fgets(s, n, stream) sv_gets(sv, perlio, append) .Ve .Sh "File Positioning" .IX Subsection "File Positioning" .Vb 1 \& Instead Of: Use: .Ve .PP .Vb 3 \& feof(stream) PerlIO_eof(perlio) \& fseek(stream, n, whence) PerlIO_seek(perlio, n, whence) \& rewind(stream) PerlIO_rewind(perlio) .Ve .PP .Vb 2 \& fgetpos(stream, p) PerlIO_getpos(perlio, sv) \& fsetpos(stream, p) PerlIO_setpos(perlio, sv) .Ve .PP .Vb 2 \& ferror(stream) PerlIO_error(perlio) \& clearerr(stream) PerlIO_clearerr(perlio) .Ve .Sh "Memory Management and String Handling" .IX Subsection "Memory Management and String Handling" .Vb 1 \& Instead Of: Use: .Ve .PP .Vb 9 \& t* p = malloc(n) New(id, p, n, t) \& t* p = calloc(n, s) Newz(id, p, n, t) \& p = realloc(p, n) Renew(p, n, t) \& memcpy(dst, src, n) Copy(src, dst, n, t) \& memmove(dst, src, n) Move(src, dst, n, t) \& memcpy/*(struct foo *) StructCopy(src, dst, t) \& memset(dst, 0, n * sizeof(t)) Zero(dst, n, t) \& memzero(dst, 0) Zero(dst, n, char) \& free(p) Safefree(p) .Ve .PP .Vb 2 \& strdup(p) savepv(p) \& strndup(p, n) savepvn(p, n) (Hey, strndup doesn't exist!) .Ve .PP .Vb 3 \& strstr(big, little) instr(big, little) \& strcmp(s1, s2) strLE(s1, s2) / strEQ(s1, s2) / strGT(s1,s2) \& strncmp(s1, s2, n) strnNE(s1, s2, n) / strnEQ(s1, s2, n) .Ve .PP Notice the different order of arguments to \f(CW\*(C`Copy\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`Move\*(C'\fR than used in \f(CW\*(C`memcpy\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`memmove\*(C'\fR. .PP Most of the time, though, you'll want to be dealing with SVs internally instead of raw \f(CW\*(C`char *\*(C'\fR strings: .PP .Vb 6 \& strlen(s) sv_len(sv) \& strcpy(dt, src) sv_setpv(sv, s) \& strncpy(dt, src, n) sv_setpvn(sv, s, n) \& strcat(dt, src) sv_catpv(sv, s) \& strncat(dt, src) sv_catpvn(sv, s) \& sprintf(s, fmt, ...) sv_setpvf(sv, fmt, ...) .Ve .PP Note also the existence of \f(CW\*(C`sv_catpvf\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`sv_vcatpvfn\*(C'\fR, combining concatenation with formatting. .PP Sometimes instead of zeroing the allocated heap by using \fINewz()\fR you should consider \*(L"poisoning\*(R" the data. This means writing a bit pattern into it that should be illegal as pointers (and floating point numbers), and also hopefully surprising enough as integers, so that any code attempting to use the data without forethought will break sooner rather than later. Poisoning can be done using the \fIPoison()\fR macro, which has similar arguments as \fIZero()\fR: .PP .Vb 1 \& Poison(dst, n, t) .Ve .Sh "Character Class Tests" .IX Subsection "Character Class Tests" There are two types of character class tests that Perl implements: one type deals in \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fRs and are thus \fBnot\fR Unicode aware (and hence deprecated unless you \fBknow\fR you should use them) and the other type deal in \f(CW\*(C`UV\*(C'\fRs and know about Unicode properties. In the following table, \f(CW\*(C`c\*(C'\fR is a \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`u\*(C'\fR is a Unicode codepoint. .PP .Vb 1 \& Instead Of: Use: But better use: .Ve .PP .Vb 11 \& isalnum(c) isALNUM(c) isALNUM_uni(u) \& isalpha(c) isALPHA(c) isALPHA_uni(u) \& iscntrl(c) isCNTRL(c) isCNTRL_uni(u) \& isdigit(c) isDIGIT(c) isDIGIT_uni(u) \& isgraph(c) isGRAPH(c) isGRAPH_uni(u) \& islower(c) isLOWER(c) isLOWER_uni(u) \& isprint(c) isPRINT(c) isPRINT_uni(u) \& ispunct(c) isPUNCT(c) isPUNCT_uni(u) \& isspace(c) isSPACE(c) isSPACE_uni(u) \& isupper(c) isUPPER(c) isUPPER_uni(u) \& isxdigit(c) isXDIGIT(c) isXDIGIT_uni(u) .Ve .PP .Vb 2 \& tolower(c) toLOWER(c) toLOWER_uni(u) \& toupper(c) toUPPER(c) toUPPER_uni(u) .Ve .Sh "\fIstdlib.h\fP functions" .IX Subsection "stdlib.h functions" .Vb 1 \& Instead Of: Use: .Ve .PP .Vb 5 \& atof(s) Atof(s) \& atol(s) Atol(s) \& strtod(s, *p) Nothing. Just don't use it. \& strtol(s, *p, n) Strtol(s, *p, n) \& strtoul(s, *p, n) Strtoul(s, *p, n) .Ve .PP Notice also the \f(CW\*(C`grok_bin\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`grok_hex\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`grok_oct\*(C'\fR functions in \&\fInumeric.c\fR for converting strings representing numbers in the respective bases into \f(CW\*(C`NV\*(C'\fRs. .PP In theory \f(CW\*(C`Strtol\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`Strtoul\*(C'\fR may not be defined if the machine perl is built on doesn't actually have strtol and strtoul. But as those 2 functions are part of the 1989 \s-1ANSI\s0 C spec we suspect you'll find them everywhere by now. .PP .Vb 3 \& int rand() double Drand01() \& srand(n) { seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)n); \& PL_srand_called = TRUE; } .Ve .PP .Vb 2 \& exit(n) my_exit(n) \& system(s) Don't. Look at pp_system or use my_popen .Ve .PP .Vb 2 \& getenv(s) PerlEnv_getenv(s) \& setenv(s, val) my_putenv(s, val) .Ve .Sh "Miscellaneous functions" .IX Subsection "Miscellaneous functions" You should not even \fBwant\fR to use \fIsetjmp.h\fR functions, but if you think you do, use the \f(CW\*(C`JMPENV\*(C'\fR stack in \fIscope.h\fR instead. .PP For \f(CW\*(C`signal\*(C'\fR/\f(CW\*(C`sigaction\*(C'\fR, use \f(CW\*(C`rsignal(signo, handler)\*(C'\fR. .SH "SEE ALSO" .IX Header "SEE ALSO" \&\f(CW\*(C`perlapi\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`perlapio\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`perlguts\*(C'\fR