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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "File::Path 3"
.TH File::Path 3 "2002-11-24" "perl v5.8.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
.SH "NAME"
File::Path \- create or remove directory trees
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 1
\&    use File::Path;
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\&    mkpath(['/foo/bar/baz', 'blurfl/quux'], 1, 0711);
\&    rmtree(['foo/bar/baz', 'blurfl/quux'], 1, 1);
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The \f(CW\*(C`mkpath\*(C'\fR function provides a convenient way to create directories, even
if your \f(CW\*(C`mkdir\*(C'\fR kernel call won't create more than one level of directory at
a time.  \f(CW\*(C`mkpath\*(C'\fR takes three arguments:
.IP "\(bu" 4
the name of the path to create, or a reference
to a list of paths to create,
.IP "\(bu" 4
a boolean value, which if \s-1TRUE\s0 will cause \f(CW\*(C`mkpath\*(C'\fR
to print the name of each directory as it is created
(defaults to \s-1FALSE\s0), and
.IP "\(bu" 4
the numeric mode to use when creating the directories
(defaults to 0777)
.PP
It returns a list of all directories (including intermediates, determined
using the Unix '/' separator) created.
.PP
If a system error prevents a directory from being created, then the
\&\f(CW\*(C`mkpath\*(C'\fR function throws a fatal error with \f(CW\*(C`Carp::croak\*(C'\fR. This error
can be trapped with an \f(CW\*(C`eval\*(C'\fR block:
.PP
.Vb 4
\&  eval { mkpath($dir) };
\&  if ($@) {
\&    print "Couldn't create $dir: $@";
\&  }
.Ve
.PP
Similarly, the \f(CW\*(C`rmtree\*(C'\fR function provides a convenient way to delete a
subtree from the directory structure, much like the Unix command \f(CW\*(C`rm \-r\*(C'\fR.
\&\f(CW\*(C`rmtree\*(C'\fR takes three arguments:
.IP "\(bu" 4
the root of the subtree to delete, or a reference to
a list of roots.  All of the files and directories
below each root, as well as the roots themselves,
will be deleted.
.IP "\(bu" 4
a boolean value, which if \s-1TRUE\s0 will cause \f(CW\*(C`rmtree\*(C'\fR to
print a message each time it examines a file, giving the
name of the file, and indicating whether it's using \f(CW\*(C`rmdir\*(C'\fR
or \f(CW\*(C`unlink\*(C'\fR to remove it, or that it's skipping it.
(defaults to \s-1FALSE\s0)
.IP "\(bu" 4
a boolean value, which if \s-1TRUE\s0 will cause \f(CW\*(C`rmtree\*(C'\fR to
skip any files to which you do not have delete access
(if running under \s-1VMS\s0) or write access (if running
under another \s-1OS\s0).  This will change in the future when
a criterion for 'delete permission' under OSs other
than \s-1VMS\s0 is settled.  (defaults to \s-1FALSE\s0)
.PP
It returns the number of files successfully deleted.  Symlinks are
simply deleted and not followed.
.PP
\&\fB\s-1NOTE:\s0\fR If the third parameter is not \s-1TRUE\s0, \f(CW\*(C`rmtree\*(C'\fR is \fBunsecure\fR
in the face of failure or interruption.  Files and directories which
were not deleted may be left with permissions reset to allow world
read and write access.  Note also that the occurrence of errors in
rmtree can be determined \fIonly\fR by trapping diagnostic messages
using \f(CW$SIG{_\|_WARN_\|_}\fR; it is not apparent from the return value.
Therefore, you must be extremely careful about using \f(CW\*(C`rmtree($foo,$bar,0\*(C'\fR
in situations where security is an issue.
.SH "AUTHORS"
.IX Header "AUTHORS"
Tim Bunce <\fITim.Bunce@ig.co.uk\fR> and
Charles Bailey <\fIbailey@newman.upenn.edu\fR>