"""Utilities for with-statement contexts. See PEP 343.""" import sys from functools import wraps from warnings import warn __all__ = ["contextmanager", "nested", "closing"] class GeneratorContextManager(object): """Helper for @contextmanager decorator.""" def __init__(self, gen): self.gen = gen def __enter__(self): try: return self.gen.next() except StopIteration: raise RuntimeError("generator didn't yield") def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback): if type is None: try: self.gen.next() except StopIteration: return else: raise RuntimeError("generator didn't stop") else: if value is None: # Need to force instantiation so we can reliably # tell if we get the same exception back value = type() try: self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback) raise RuntimeError("generator didn't stop after throw()") except StopIteration, exc: # Suppress the exception *unless* it's the same exception that # was passed to throw(). This prevents a StopIteration # raised inside the "with" statement from being suppressed return exc is not value except: # only re-raise if it's *not* the exception that was # passed to throw(), because __exit__() must not raise # an exception unless __exit__() itself failed. But throw() # has to raise the exception to signal propagation, so this # fixes the impedance mismatch between the throw() protocol # and the __exit__() protocol. # if sys.exc_info()[1] is not value: raise def contextmanager(func): """@contextmanager decorator. Typical usage: @contextmanager def some_generator(): try: yield finally: This makes this: with some_generator() as : equivalent to this: try: = finally: """ @wraps(func) def helper(*args, **kwds): return GeneratorContextManager(func(*args, **kwds)) return helper @contextmanager def nested(*managers): """Combine multiple context managers into a single nested context manager. This function has been deprecated in favour of the multiple manager form of the with statement. The one advantage of this function over the multiple manager form of the with statement is that argument unpacking allows it to be used with a variable number of context managers as follows: with nested(*managers): do_something() """ warn("With-statements now directly support multiple context managers", DeprecationWarning, 3) exits = [] vars = [] exc = (None, None, None) try: for mgr in managers: exit = mgr.__exit__ enter = mgr.__enter__ vars.append(enter()) exits.append(exit) yield vars except: exc = sys.exc_info() finally: while exits: exit = exits.pop() try: if exit(*exc): exc = (None, None, None) except: exc = sys.exc_info() if exc != (None, None, None): # Don't rely on sys.exc_info() still containing # the right information. Another exception may # have been raised and caught by an exit method raise exc[0], exc[1], exc[2] class closing(object): """Context to automatically close something at the end of a block. Code like this: with closing(.open()) as f: is equivalent to this: f = .open() try: finally: f.close() """ def __init__(self, thing): self.thing = thing def __enter__(self): return self.thing def __exit__(self, *exc_info): self.thing.close()