[ADMIN:CORE:INTERRUPT_VECTOR:MEMORY:PACKAGE:POWER:PROGVOLT:FUSE:PROGRAMMING:IO_MODULE:ICE_SETTINGS:LOCKBIT]ATmega1638MHZ186RELEASED$1E$94$02V2EAVRSimCoreV2.SimCoreV2[][][]32$00$1B$1A$1D$1C$1F$1E18$000External Reset, Power-on Reset and Watchdog Reset$002External Interrupt 0$004External Interrupt 1$006Timer/Counter2 Compare Match$008Timer/Counter2 Overflow$00ATimer/Counter1 Capture Event$00CTimer/Counter1 Compare Match A$00ETimer/Counter1 Compare Match B$010Timer/Counter1 Overflow$012Timer/Counter0 Overflow$014SPI Serial Transfer Complete$016UART, RX Complete$018UART Data Register Empty$01AUART, TX Complete$01CADC Conversion Complete$01EEEPROM Ready$020Analog Comparator$0222-Wire Serial InterfaceAVRSimMemory8bit.SimMemory8bit163845121024$600NA$00$3FNANA$20$5F$3F$5F0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$3E$5E0x010x020x04$3D$5D0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$3B$5B0x400x80$3A$5A0x400x80$39$590x010x040x080x100x200x400x80$38$580x010x040x080x100x200x400x80$37$570x010x020x040x080x100x40$36$560x010x040x080x100x200x400x80$35$550x010x020x040x080x100x200x40$34$540x010x020x040x08$33$530x010x020x04$32$520x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$31$510x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$30$500x010x020x040x08$2F$4F0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$2E$4E0x010x020x040x080x400x80$2D$4D0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$2C$4C0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$2B$4B0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$2A$4A0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$29$490x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$28$480x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$27$470x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$26$460x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$25$450x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$24$440x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$23$430x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$22$420x010x020x040x08$21$410x010x020x040x080x10$20$400x010x020x040x08$1F$3F0x01$1E$3E0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$1D$3D0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$1C$3C0x010x020x040x08$1B$3B$ff0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$1A$3A0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$19$390x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$18$38$ff0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$17$370x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$16$360x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$15$35$ff0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$14$340x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$13$330x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$12$32$ff0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$11$310x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$10$300x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$0F$2F0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$0E$2E0x010x400x80$0D$2D0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$0C$2C0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$0B$2B0x010x020x080x100x200x400x80$0A$2A0x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$09$290x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$08$280x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$07$270x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$06$260x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$05$250x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$04$240x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$03$230x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$02$220x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x80$01$210x080x100x200x400x80$00$200x010x020x040x080x100x200x400x8000x1FFFNANA6412820$1F80$1F8025640$1F00$1F0051280$1E00$1E001024160$1C00$1C00[TQFP]44[PB5:MOSI]MOSI: SPI Master data output, slave data input for SPI channel. When the SPI is enabled as a slave, this pin is configured as an input regardless of the setting of DDB5. When the SPI is enabled as a master, the data direction of this pin is con-trolled by DDB5. When the pin is forced to be an input, the pull-up can still be controlled by the PORTB5 bit. See the description of the SPI port for further details.[PB6:MISO]MISO: Master data input, slave data output pin for SPI channel. When the SPI is enabled as a master, this pin is configured as an input regardless of the setting of DDB6. When the SPI is enabled as a slave, the data direction of this pin is controlled by DDB6. When the pin is forced to be an input, the pull-up can still be controlled by the PORTB6 bit. See the description of the SPI port for further details.[PB7_SCK]SCK: Master clock output, slave clock input pin for SPI channel. When the SPI is enabled as a slave, this pin is configured as an input regardless of the setting of DDB7. When the SPI is enabled as a master, the data direction of this pin is con-trolled by DDB7. When the pin is forced to be an input, the pull-up can still be controlled by the PORTB7 bit. See the description of the SPI port for further details.['RESET][VCC][GND][XTAL2][XTAL1][PD0:RXD]Receive Data (data input pin for the UART). When the UART Receiver is enabled, this pin is configured as an input, regard-less of the value of DDD0. When the UART forces this pin to be an input, a logical “1” in PORTD0 will turn on the internal pull-up.[PD1:TXD]Transmit Data (data output pin for the UART). When the UART Transmitter is enabled, this pin is configured as an output, regardless of the value of DDD1.[PD2:INT0]INT0, External Interrupt source 0: The PD2 pin can serve as an external interrupt source to the MCU. See the interrupt description for further details and how to enable the source.[PD3:INT1]INT1, External Interrupt source 1: The PD3 pin can serve as an external interrupt source to the MCU. See the interrupt description for further details and how to enable the source.[PD4:OC1B]OC1B, Output compare matchB output: The PD4 pin can serve as an external output for the Timer/Counter1 output com-pareB. The pin has to be configured as an output (DDD4 set [one]) to serve this function. See the timer description on how to enable this function. The OC1B pin is also the output pin for the PWM mode timer function.[PD5:OC1A]OC1A, Output compare matchA output: The PD5 pin can serve as an external output for the Timer/Counter1 output com-pareA. The pin has to be configured as an output (DDD5 set [one]) to serve this function. See the timer description on how to enable this function. The OC1A pin is also the output pin for the PWM mode timer function.[PD6:ICP]ICP – Input Capture Pin: The PD6 pin can act as an input capture pin for Timer/Counter1. The pin has to be configured as an input (DDD6 cleared [zero]) to serve this function. See the timer description on how to enable this function.[PD7:OC2]OC2, Timer/Counter2 output compare match output: The PD7 pin can serve as an external output for the Timer/Counter2 output compare. The pin has to be configured as an output (DDD7 set [one]) to serve this function. See the timer descrip-tion on how to enable this function. The OC2 pin is also the output pin for the PWM mode timer function.[VCC][GND][PC0:SCL]SCL, 2-wire Serial Interface Clock: When the TWEN bit in TWCR is set (one) to enable the 2-wire Serial Interface, pin PC1 is disconnected from the port and becomes the Serial Clock I/O pin for the 2-wire Serial Interface. In this mode, there is a spike filter on the pin to capture spikes shorter than 50 ns on the input signal.[PC1:SDA]SDA, 2-wire Serial Bus Data: When the TWEN bit in TWCR is set (one) to enable the 2-wire Serial Interface, pin PC1 is dis-connected from the port and becomes the Serial Data I/O pin for the 2-wire Serial Interface. In this mode, there is a spike filter on the pin to capture spikes shorter than 50 ns on the input signal, and the pin is driven by an open collector driver with slew rate limitation.[PC2][PC3][PC4][PC5][PC6:TOSC1][PC7:TOSC2][AVCC][AGND][AREF][PA7:ADC7][PA6:ADC6][PA5:ADc5][PA4:ADC4][PA3:ADC3][PA2:ADC2][PA1:ADC1][PA0:ADC0][VCC][GND][PB0:T0]T0: Timer/Counter0 counter source. See the timer description for further details.[PB1:T1]T1: Timer/Counter1 counter source. See the timer description for further details[PB2:AIN0]AIN0: Analog Comparator Positive Input. When configured as an input (DDB2 is cleared [zero]) and with the internal MOS pull-up resistor switched off (PB2 is cleared [zero]), this pin also serves as the positive input of the on-chip Analog Comparator.[PB3:AIN1]AIN1: Analog Comparator Negative Input. When configured as an input (DDB3 is cleared [zero]) and with the internal MOS pull-up resistor switched off (PB3 is cleared [zero]), this pin also serves as the negative input of the on-chip Analog Comparator.[PB4:'SS]SS: Slave port select input. When the SPI is enabled as a slave, this pin is configured as an input regardless of the setting of DDB4. As a slave, the SPI is activated when this pin is driven low. When the SPI is enabled as a master, the data direc-tion of this pin is controlled by DDB4. When the pin is forced to be an input, the pull-up can still be controlled by the PORTB4 bit. See the description of the SPI port for further details.8MHz25C15.0mA8.0mA<1uA4.05.54.05.5[LOW:HIGH]7BODLEVELBrown out detector trigger level1BODENBrown out detector enable1SPIENEnable Serial programming and Data Downloading1CKSEL3Select Clock Source0CKSEL2Select Clock Source0CKSEL1Select Clock Source1CKSEL0Select Clock Source0200x800x00Brown-out detection level at VCC=4.0 V0x800x80Brown-out detection level at VCC=2.7 V0x400x00Brown-out detection enabled0x200x00Serial program downloading (SPI) enabled0x0F0x00CKSEL=0000 External Clock fast rising power0x0F0x01CKSEL=0001 External Clock BOD enabled0x0F0x02CKSEL=0010 Internal RC Ocsillator slowly rising power ; default value0x0F0x03CKSEL=0011 Internal RC Ocsillator fast rising power0x0F0x04CKSEL=0100 Internal RC Oscillator BOD enabled0x0F0x05CKSEL=0101 External RC Oscillator slowly rising power0x0F0x06CKSEL=0110 External RC Oscillator fast rising power0x0F0x07CKSEL=0111 External RC Oscillator BOD enabled0x0F0x08CKSEL=1000 External Low-Frequency Crystal0x0F0x09CKSEL=1001 External Low-Frequency Crystal0x0F0x0ACKSEL=1010 Crystal Oscillator slowly rising power0x0F0x0BCKSEL=1011 Crystal Oscillator fast rising power0x0F0x0CCKSEL=1100 Crystal Oscillator BOD enabled0x0F0x0DCKSEL=1101 Ceramic Resonator/External Clock slowly rising power0x0F0x0ECKSEL=1110 Ceramic Resonator fast rising power0x0F0x0FCKSEL=1111 Ceramic Resonator BOD enabled3BOOTSZ1Select Boot Size0BOOTSZ0Select Boot Size0BOOTRSTSelect Reset Vector150x060x06Boot Flash section size=128 words Boot start address=$1F80 ; default value0x060x04Boot Flash section size=256 words Boot start address=$1F000x060x02Boot Flash section size=512 words Boot start address=$1E000x060x00Boot Flash section size=1024 words Boot start address=$1C000x010x00Boot Reset vector Enabled (default address=$0000)0xdf,0xff0xdf,0xff0,0x20,0x20,WARNING! These fuse settings will disable the ISP interface!0,0x20,0x20,WARNING! These fuse settings will disable the ISP interface!0x00,1.0 MHz1280[LB1 = 1 : LB2 = 1] No memory lock features enabled. [LB1 = 0 : LB2 = 1] Further programming of Flash and EEPROM is enabled. [LB1 = 0 : LB2 = 0] Same as previous, but verify is also disabled6110x030x03Mode 1: No memory lock features enabled0x030x02Mode 2: Further programming disabled0x030x00Mode 3: Further programming and verification disabled0x0C0x0CApplication Protection Mode 1: No lock on SPM and LPM in Application Section0x0C0x08Application Protection Mode 2: SPM prohibited in Application Section0x0C0x00Application Protection Mode 3: LPM and SPM prohibited in Application Section0x0C0x04Application Protection Mode 4: LPM prohibited in Application Section0x300x30Boot Loader Protection Mode 1: No lock on SPM and LPM in Boot Loader Section0x300x20Boot Loader Protection Mode 2: SPM prohibited in Boot Loader Section0x300x00Boot Loader Protection Mode 3: LPM and SPM prohibited in Boot Loader Section0x300x10Boot Loader Protection Mode 4: LPM prohibited in Boot Loader SectionLB1Lock bitLB2Lock bitBLB01Boot Lock bitBLB02Boot Lock bitBLB11Boot lock bitBLB12Boot lock bit[TIMER_COUNTER_0:CPU:TIMER_COUNTER_1:TIMER_COUNTER_2:WATCHDOG:EEPROM:SPI:UART:TWI:PORTA:PORTB:PORTC:PORTD:ANALOG_COMPARATOR:AD_CONVERTER:EXTERNAL_INTERRUPT:BOOT_LOAD][TIMSK:TIFR:TCCR0:TCNT0]io_timer.bmpt81The 8-bit Timer/Counter0 can select clock source from CK, prescaled CK, or an external pin. In addition it can be stopped as described in “Timer/Counter0 Control Register - TCCR0” on page 35. The overflow status flag is found in “The Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register - TIFR” on page 29. Control signals are found in the Timer/Counter0 Control Register - TCCR0. The interrupt enable/disable settings for Timer/Counter0 are found in “The Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Regis-ter - TIMSK” on page 28. When Timer/Counter0 is externally clocked, the external signal is synchronized with the oscillator frequency of the CPU. To assure proper sampling of the external clock, the minimum time between two external clock transitions must be at least one internal CPU clock period. The external clock signal is sampled on the rising edge of the internal CPU clock. The 8-bit Timer/Counter0 features both a high resolution and a high accuracy usage with the lower prescaling opportuni-ties. Similarly, the high prescaling opportuni ties make the Timer/Counter0 useful for lower speed functions or exact timing functions with infrequent actionsTIMSKTimer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register$39$59io_flag.bmpYTOIE0Timer/Counter0 Overflow Interrupt EnableWhen the TOIE0 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the Timer/Counter0 Overflow interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt is executed if an overflow in Timer/Counter0 occurs, i.e., when the TOV0 bit is set in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register - TIFR.RW0TIFRTimer/Counter Interrupt Flag register$38$58io_flag.bmpYTOV0Timer/Counter0 Overflow FlagThe bit TOV0 is set (one) when an overflow occurs in Timer/Counter0. TOV0 is cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, TOV0 is cleared by writing a logic one to the flag. When the SREG I-bit, and TOIE0 (Timer/Counter0 Overflow Interrupt Enable), and TOV0 are set (one), the Timer/Counter0 Overflow interrupt is executed.RW0TCCR0Timer/Counter0 Control Register$33$53io_flag.bmpYCS02Clock Select0 bit 2RW0CS01Clock Select0 bit 1RW0CS00Clock Select0 bit 0RW0TCNT0Timer Counter 0The Timer/Counter0 is realized as an up-counter with read and write access. If the Timer/Counter0 is written and a clock source is present, the Timer/Counter0 continues counting in the clock cycle following the write operation.$32$52io_timer.bmpNTCNT07Timer Counter 0 bit 7RW0TCNT06Timer Counter 0 bit 6RW0TCNT05Timer Counter 0 bit 5RW0TCNT04Timer Counter 0 bit 4RW0TCNT03Timer Counter 0 bit 3RW0TCNT02Timer Counter 0 bit 2RW0TCNT01Timer Counter 0 bit 1RW0TCNT00Timer Counter 0 bit 0RW0[SREG:SPH:SPL:OSCCAL:MCUCR:MCUSR:SFIOR]
[SPH:SPL]
io_cpu.bmpSREGStatus Register$3F$5Fio_sreg.bmpYIGlobal Interrupt EnableThe global interrupt enable bit must be set (one) for the interrupts to be enabled. The individual interrupt enable control is then performed in separate control registers. If the global interrupt enable bit is cleared (zero), none of the interrupts are enabled independent of the individual interrupt enable settings. The I-bit is cleared by hardware after an interrupt has occurred, and is set by the RETI instruction to enable subsequent interrupts.RW0TBit Copy StorageThe bit copy instructions BLD (Bit LoaD) and BST (Bit STore) use the T bit as source and destination for the operated bit. A bit from a register in the register file can be copied into T by the BST instruction, and a bit in T can be copied into a bit in a register in the register file by the BLD instruction.RW0HHalf Carry FlagThe half carry flag H indicates a half carry in some arithmetic operations. See the Instruction Set Description for detailed information.RW0SSign BitThe S-bit is always an exclusive or between the negative flag N and the two’s complement overflow flag V. See the Instruc-tion Set Description for detailed information.RW0VTwo's Complement Overflow FlagThe two’s complement overflow flag V supports two’s complement arithmetics. See the Instruction Set Description for detailed information.RW0NNegative FlagThe negative flag N indicates a negative result after the different arithmetic and logic operations. See the Instruction Set Description for detailed information.RW0ZZero FlagThe zero flag Z indicates a zero result after the different arithmetic and logic operations. See the Instruction Set Description for detailed information.RW0CCarry FlagThe carry flag C indicates a carry in an arithmetic or logic operation. See the Instruction Set Description for detailed information. Note that the status register is not automatically stored when entering an interrupt routine and restored when returning from an interrupt routine. This must be handled by software.RW0SPHStack Pointer HighThe general AVR 16-bit Stack Pointer is effectively built up of two 8-bit registers in the I/O space locations $3E ($5E) and $3D ($5D). As the AT90S4414/8515 supports up to 64 kB external SRAM, all 16-bits are used. The Stack Pointer points to the data SRAM stack area where the Subroutine and Interrupt Stacks are located. This Stack space in the data SRAM must be defined by the program before any subroutine calls are executed or interrupts are enabled. The stack pointer must be set to point above $60. The Stack Pointer is decremented by one when data is pushed onto the Stack with the PUSH instruction, and it is decremented by two when an address is pushed onto the Stack with subroutine calls and interrupts. The Stack Pointer is incremented by one when data is popped from the Stack with the POP instruction, and it is incremented by two when an address is popped from the Stack with return from subroutine RET or return from interrupt R$3E$5Eio_sph.bmpNSP10Stack pointer bit 10RW0SP9Stack pointer bit 9RW0SP8Stack pointer bit 8RW0SPLStack Pointer LowThe general AVR 16-bit Stack Pointer is effectively built up of two 8-bit registers in the I/O space locations $3E ($5E) and $3D ($5D). As the AT90S4414/8515 supports up to 64 kB external SRAM, all 16-bits are used. The Stack Pointer points to the data SRAM stack area where the Subroutine and Interrupt Stacks are located. This Stack space in the data SRAM must be defined by the program before any subroutine calls are executed or interrupts are enabled. The stack pointer must be set to point above $60. The Stack Pointer is decremented by one when data is pushed onto the Stack with the PUSH instruction, and it is decremented by two when an address is pushed onto the Stack with subroutine calls and interrupts. The Stack Pointer is incremented by one when data is popped from the Stack with the POP instruction, and it is incremented by two when an address is popped from the Stack with return from subroutine RET or return from interrupt $3D$5Dio_spl.bmpNSP7Stack pointer bit 7RW0SP6Stack pointer bit 6RW0SP5Stack pointer bit 5RW0SP4Stack pointer bit 4RW0SP3Stack pointer bit 3RW0SP2Stack pointer bit 2RW0SP1Stack pointer bit 1RW0SP0Stack pointer bit 0RW0OSCCALOscillator Calibration ValueWriting the calibration byte to this address will trim the internal oscillator to remove process variations from the oscillator frequency. This is done automatically during chip reset. When OSCCAL is zero, the lowest available frequency is chosen. Writing non-zero values to this register will increase the frequency of the internal oscillator. Writing $FF to the register gives the highest available frequency. The calibrated oscillator is used to time EEPROM and Flash access. If EEPROM or Flash is written, do not calibrate to more than 10% above the nominal frequency. Otherwise, the EEPROM or Flash write may fail. Note that the Oscillator is intended for calibration to 1.0 MHz, 2.0 MHz, 4.0 MHz, or 8.0MHz. Tuning to other values is not guaranteed, as indicated in Table 14$31$51io_cpu.bmpNCAL7Oscillator Calibration Value Bit7R/W0CAL6Oscillator Calibration Value Bit6R/W0CAL5Oscillator Calibration Value Bit5R/W0CAL4Oscillator Calibration Value Bit4R/W0CAL3Oscillator Calibration Value Bit3R/W0CAL2Oscillator Calibration Value Bit2R/W0CAL1Oscillator Calibration Value Bit1R/W0CAL0Oscillator Calibration Value Bit0R/W0MCUCRMCU Control registerThe MCU Control Register contains control bits for general MCU functions.$35$55io_flag.bmpYSESleep enableThe SE bit must be set (one) to make the MCU enter the sleep mode when the SLEEP instruction is executed. To avoid the MCU entering the sleep mode unless it is the programmers purpose, it is recommended to set the Sleep Enable SE bit just before the execution of the SLEEP instruction.R/W0SM1Sleep Mode Select Bit 1These bits select between the three available sleep modes, (0:0) = Idle. (0:1) = ADC Noise Reduction. (1:0) = Power-down. (1:1) = Power Save.R/W0SM0Sleep Mode Select Bit 1These bits select between the three available sleep modes, (0:0) = Idle. (0:1) = ADC Noise Reduction. (1:0) = Power-down. (1:1) = Power Save.R/W0ISC11Interrupt Sense Control 1 Bit 1The External Interrupt 1 is activated by the external pin INT1 if the SREG I-flag and the corresponding interrupt mask in the GIMSK are set. The level and edges on the external INT1 pin that activate the interrupt are defined in Table 8. The value on the INT1 pin is sampled before detecting edges. If edge or toggle interrupt is selected, pulses that last longer than one clock period will generate an interrupt. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate an interrupt. If low level interrupt is selected, the low level must be held until the completion of the currently executing instruction to generate an interruptR/W0ISC10Interrupt Sense Control 1 Bit 0The External Interrupt 1 is activated by the external pin INT1 if the SREG I-flag and the corresponding interrupt mask in the GIMSK are set. The level and edges on the external INT1 pin that activate the interrupt are defined in Table 8. The value on the INT1 pin is sampled before detecting edges. If edge or toggle interrupt is selected, pulses that last longer than one clock period will generate an interrupt. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate an interrupt. If low level interrupt is selected, the low level must be held until the completion of the currently executing instruction to generate an interruptR/W0ISC01Interrupt Sense Control 0 Bit 1The External Interrupt 0 is activated by the external pin INT0 if the SREG I-flag and the corresponding interrupt mask are set. The level and edges on the external INT0 pin that activate the interrupt are defined in Table 9. The value on the INT0 pin is sampled before detecting edges. If edge or toggle interrupt is selected, pulses that last longer than one clock period will generate an interrupt. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate an interrupt. If low level interrupt is selected, the low level must be held until the completion of the currently executing instruction to generate an interruptR/W0ISC00Interrupt Sense Control 0 Bit 0The External Interrupt 0 is activated by the external pin INT0 if the SREG I-flag and the corresponding interrupt mask are set. The level and edges on the external INT0 pin that activate the interrupt are defined in Table 9. The value on the INT0 pin is sampled before detecting edges. If edge or toggle interrupt is selected, pulses that last longer than one clock period will generate an interrupt. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate an interrupt. If low level interrupt is selected, the low level must be held until the completion of the currently executing instruction to generate an interruptR/W0MCUSRMCU Status RegisterThe MCU Status Register provides information on which reset source caused an MCU reset.$34$54io_flag.bmpYWDRFWatchdog Reset FlagThis bit is set if a watchdog reset occurs. The bit is reset by a power-on reset, or by writing a logic zero to the flag.R/W0BORFBrown-out Reset FlagThis bit is set if a brown-out reset occurs. The bit is reset by a power-on reset, or by writing a logic zero to the flag.R/W0EXTRFEXTREFExternal Reset FlagThis bit is set if an external reset occurs. The bit is reset by a power-on reset, or by writing a logic zero to the flag.R/W0PORFPower-on reset flagThis bit is set if a power-on reset occurs. The bit is reset only by writing a logic zero to the flag. To make use of the reset flags to identify a reset condition, the user should read and then reset the MCUCSR as early as possible in the program. If the register is cleared before another reset occurs, the source of the reset can be found by examining the reset flags.R/W0SFIORMCU Status RegisterThe MCU Status Register provides information on which reset source caused an MCU reset.$30$50io_cpu.bmpYACMEAnalog Comparator multiplexer EnableWhen this bit is set (one) and the ADC is switched off (ADEN in ADCSR is zero), the ADC multiplexer selects the negative input to the Analog Comparator. When this bit is cleared (zero), AIN1 is applied to the negative input of the Analog Comparator. For a detailed description of this bit, see “Analog Comparator Multiplexed Input”R/W0PUDPull-up DisableWhen this bit is set (one), all pull-ups on all ports are disabled. If the bit is cleared (zero), the pull-ups can be individually enabled as described in the chapter “I/O-Ports”.R/W0PSR2Prescaler Reset Timer/Counter2When this bit is set (one) the Timer/Counter2 prescaler will be reset. The bit will be cleared by hardware after the operation is performed. Writing a zero to this bit will have no effect. This bit will always be read as zero if Timer/Counter2 is clocked by the internal CPU clock. If this bit is written when Timer/Counter2 is operating in asynchronous mode. The bit will remain one until the prescaler has been reset. See “Asynchronous Operation of Timer/Counter2” on page 49 for a detailed descrip-tion of asynchronous operationR/W0PSR10Prescaler Reset Timer/Counter1 and Timer/Counter0When this bit is set (one) the Timer/Counter1 and Timer/Counter0 prescaler will be reset. The bit will be cleared by hard-ware after the operation is performed. Writing a zero to this bit will have no effect. Note that Timer/Counter1 and Timer/Counter0 share the same prescaler and a reset of this prescaler will affect both timers. This bit will always be read as zero.R/W0[TIMSK:TIFR:TCCR1A:TCCR1B:TCNT1H:TCNT1L:OCR1AH:OCR1AL:OCR1BH:OCR1BL:ICR1H:ICR1L]
[TCNT1H:TCNT1L];[OCR1AH:OCR1AL];[OCR1BH:OCR1BL];[ICR1H:ICR1L]
io_timer.bmpt16pwm1_04.xmlTIMSKTimer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register$39$59io_flag.bmpYTICIE1Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Interrupt EnableWhen the TICIE1 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Event Interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at vector $003) is executed if a capture-triggering event occurs on pin 31, ICP, i.e., when the ICF1 bit is set in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register - TIFR.RW0OCIE1ATimer/Counter1 Output CompareA Match Interrupt EnableWhen the OCIE1A bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the Timer/Counter1 CompareA Match interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at vector $004) is executed if a CompareA match in Timer/Counter1 occurs, i.e., when the OCF1A bit is set in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register - TIFR.RW0OCIE1BTimer/Counter1 Output CompareB Match Interrupt EnableWhen the OCIE1B bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the Timer/Counter1 CompareB Match interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at vector $005) is executed if a CompareB match in Timer/Counter1 occurs, i.e., when the OCF1B bit is set in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register - TIFR.R0TOIE1Timer/Counter1 Overflow Interrupt EnableWhen the TOIE1 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the Timer/Counter1 Overflow interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at vector $006) is executed if an overflow in Timer/Counter1 occurs, i.e., when the TOV1 bit is set in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register - TIFR.RW0TIFRTimer/Counter Interrupt Flag register$38$58io_flag.bmpYICF1Input Capture Flag 1The ICF1 bit is set (one) to flag an input capture event, indicating that the Timer/Counter1 value has been transferred to the input capture register - ICR1. ICF1 is cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, ICF1 is cleared by writing a logic one to the flag. When the SREG I-bit, and TICIE1 (Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Interrupt Enable), and ICF1 are set (one), the Timer/Counter1 Capture Interrupt is executed. RW0OCF1AOutput Compare Flag 1AThe OCF1A bit is set (one) when compare match occurs between the Timer/Counter1 and the data in OCR1A - Output Compare Register 1A. OCF1A is cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alterna-tively, OCF1A is cleared by writing a logic one to the flag. When the I-bit in SREG, and OCIE1A (Timer/Counter1 Compare match InterruptA Enable), and the OCF1A are set (one), the Timer/Counter1 Compare A match Interrupt is executed. RW0OCF1BOutput Compare Flag 1BThe OCF1B bit is set (one) when compare match occurs between the Timer/Counter1 and the data in OCR1B - Output Compare Register 1B. OCF1B is cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alterna-tively, OCF1B is cleared by writing a logic one to the flag. When the I-bit in SREG, and OCIE1B (Timer/Counter1 Compare match InterruptB Enable), and the OCF1B are set (one), the Timer/Counter1 Compare B match Interrupt is executed.RW0TOV1Timer/Counter1 Overflow FlagThe TOV1 is set (one) when an overflow occurs in Timer/Counter1. TOV1 is cleared by hardware when executing the cor-responding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, TOV1 is cleared by writing a logic one to the flag. When the I-bit in SREG, and TOIE1 (Timer/Counter1 Overflow Interrupt Enable), and TOV1 are set (one), the Timer/Counter1 Overflow Interrupt is executed. In PWM mode, this bit is set when Timer/Counter1 changes counting direction at $0000.RW0TCCR1ATimer/Counter1 Control Register A$2F$4Fio_flag.bmpYCOM1A1Compare Output Mode 1A, bit 1The COM1A1 and COM1A0 control bits determine any output pin action following a compare match in Timer/Counter1. Any output pin actions affect pin OC1A - Output CompareA. This is an alternative function to an I/O port, and the corresponding direction control bit must be set (one) to control an output pin. The control configuration is shown in Table 10.RW0COM1A0Comparet Ouput Mode 1A, bit 0The COM1A1 and COM1A0 control bits determine any output pin action following a compare match in Timer/Counter1. Any output pin actions affect pin OC1A - Output CompareA. This is an alternative function to an I/O port, and the corresponding direction control bit must be set (one) to control an output pin. The control configuration is shown in Table 10.RW0COM1B1Compare Output Mode 1B, bit 1The COM1B1 and COM1B0 control bits determine any output pin action following a compare match in Timer/Counter1. Any output pin actions affect pin OC1B - Output CompareB. This is an alternative function to an I/O port, and the corre-sponding direction control bit must be set (one) to control an output pin.RW0COM1B0Compare Output Mode 1B, bit 0The COM1B1 and COM1B0 control bits determine any output pin action following a compare match in Timer/Counter1. Any output pin actions affect pin OC1B - Output CompareB. This is an alternative function to an I/O port, and the corre-sponding direction control bit must be set (one) to control an output pin.RW0FOC1AForce Output Compare 1AWriting a logical one to this bit, forces a change in the compare match output pin PD5 according to the values already set in COM1A1 and COM1A0.If the COM1A1 and COM1A0 bits are written in the same cycle as FOC1A,the new settings will not take effect until next compare match or forced compare match occurs. The Force Output Compare bit can be used to change the output pin without waiting for a compare match in the timer. The automatic action programmed in COM1A1 and COM1A0 happens as if a Compare Match had occurred, but no interrupt is generated and it will not clear the timer even if CTC1 in TCCR1B is set. The corresponding I/O pin must be set as an output pin for the FOC1A bit to have effect on the pin. The FOC1A bit will always be read as zero. The setting of the FOC1A bit has no effect in PWM modRW0FOC1BForce Output Compare 1BWriting a logical one to this bit, forces a change in the compare match output pin PD4 according to the values already set in COM1B1 and COM1B0.If the COM1B1 and COM1B0 bits are written in the same cycle as FOC1B,the new settings will not take effect until next compare match or forced compare match occurs. The Force Output Compare bit can be used to change the output pin without waiting for a compare match in the timer. The automatic action programmed in COM1B1 and COM1B0 happens as if a Compare Match had occurred, but no interrupt is generated. The corresponding I/O pin must be set as an output pin for the FOC1B bit to have effect on the pin. The FOC1B bit will always be read as zero. The setting of the FOC1B bit has no effect in PWM modeRW0PWM11Pulse Width Modulator Select BitsThese bits select PWM operation of Timer/Counter1 (0:0) = PWM Disabled. (0:1) = Timer/Counter1 is an 8-bit PWM. (1:0) = Timer/Counter1 is an a 9-bit PWM. (1:1) = is a 10-bit PWM.RW0PWM10Pulse Width Modulator Select BitsThese bits select PWM operation of Timer/Counter1 (0:0) = PWM Disabled. (0:1) = Timer/Counter1 is an 8-bit PWM. (1:0) = Timer/Counter1 is an a 9-bit PWM. (1:1) = is a 10-bit PWM.RW0TCCR1BTimer/Counter1 Control Register B$2E$4Eio_flag.bmpYICNC1Input Capture 1 Noise CancelerWhen the ICNC1 bit is cleared (zero), the input capture trigger noise canceler function is disabled. The input capture is triggered at the first rising/falling edge sampled on the ICP - input capture pin - as specified. When the ICNC1 bit is set (one), four successive samples are measures on the ICP - input capture pin, and all samples must be high/low according to the input capture trigger specification in the ICES1 bit. The actual sampling frequency is XTAL clock frequency.RW0ICES1Input Capture 1 Edge SelectWhile the ICES1 bit is cleared (zero), the Timer/Counter1 contents are transferred to the Input Capture Register - ICR1 - on the falling edge of the input capture pin - ICP. While the ICES1 bit is set (one), the Timer/Counter1 contents are transferred to the Input Capture Register - ICR1 - on the rising edge of the input capture pin - ICP.RW0CTC1Clear Timer/Counter1 on Compare MatchWhen the CTC1 control bit is set (one), the Timer/Counter1 is reset to $0000 in the clock cycle after a compareA match. If the CTC1 control bit is cleared, Timer/Counter1 continues counting and is unaffected by a compare match. When a pres-caling of 1 is used, and the compareA register is set to C, the timer will count as follows if CTC1 is set: ...|C-1|C|0|1|... When the prescaler is set to divide by 8, the timer will count like this: ...|C-1,C-1,C-1,C-1,C-1,C-1,C-1,C-1|C,C,C,C,C,C,C,C |0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0|1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1|... In PWM mode, this bit has a different function. If the CTC1 bit is cleared in PWM mode, the Timer/Counter1 acts as an up/down counter. If the CTC1 bit is set (one), the Timer/Counter wraps when it reaches the TOP value. Refer to page 41 for a detailed descriptioRW0CS12Prescaler source of Timer/Counter 1Select Prescaling Clock Source of Timer/Counter1. (0:0:0) = Stop. (0:0:1) = CK. (0:1:0) = CK / 8. (0:1:1) = CK / 64. (1:0:0) = CK / 256. (1:0:1) = CK / 1024. (1:1:0) = External Pin T1, falling edge. (1:1:1) = External Pin 1, rising edge.RW0CS11Prescaler source of Timer/Counter 1Select Prescaling Clock Source of Timer/Counter1. (0:0:0) = Stop. (0:0:1) = CK. (0:1:0) = CK / 8. (0:1:1) = CK / 64. (1:0:0) = CK / 256. (1:0:1) = CK / 1024. (1:1:0) = External Pin T1, falling edge. (1:1:1) = External Pin 1, rising edge.RW0CS10Prescaler source of Timer/Counter 1Select Prescaling Clock Source of Timer/Counter1. (0:0:0) = Stop. (0:0:1) = CK. (0:1:0) = CK / 8. (0:1:1) = CK / 64. (1:0:0) = CK / 256. (1:0:1) = CK / 1024. (1:1:0) = External Pin T1, falling edge. (1:1:1) = External Pin 1, rising edge.RW0TCNT1HTimer/Counter1 High ByteThis 16-bit register contains the prescaled value of the 16-bit Timer/Counter1. To ensure that both the high and low bytes are read and written simultaneously when the CPU accesses these registers, the access is performed using an 8-bit temporary register (TEMP). This temporary register is also used when accessing OCR1A, OCR1B and ICR1. If the main program and also interrupt routines perform access to registers using TEMP, interrupts must be disabled during access from the main program (and from interrupt routines if interrupts are allowed from within interrupt rou$2D$4Dio_timer.bmpNTCNT1H7Timer/Counter1 High Byte bit 7RW0TCNT1H6Timer/Counter1 High Byte bit 6RW0TCNT1H5Timer/Counter1 High Byte bit 5RW0TCNT1H4Timer/Counter1 High Byte bit 4RW0TCNT1H3Timer/Counter1 High Byte bit 3RW0TCNT1H2Timer/Counter1 High Byte bit 2RW0TCNT1H1Timer/Counter1 High Byte bit 1RW0TCNT1H0Timer/Counter1 High Byte bit 0RW0TCNT1LTimer/Counter1 Low ByteThis 16-bit register contains the prescaled value of the 16-bit Timer/Counter1. To ensure that both the high and low bytes are read and written simultaneously when the CPU accesses these registers, the access is performed using an 8-bit temporary register (TEMP). This temporary register is also used when accessing OCR1A, OCR1B and ICR1. If the main program and also interrupt routines perform access to registers using TEMP, interrupts must be disabled during access from the main program (and from interrupt routines if interrupts are allowed from within interrupt$2C$4Cio_timer.bmpNTCNT1L7Timer/Counter1 Low Byte bit 7RW0TCNT1L6Timer/Counter1 Low Byte bit 6RW0TCNT1L5Timer/Counter1 Low Byte bit 5RW0TCNT1L4Timer/Counter1 Low Byte bit 4RW0TCNT1L3Timer/Counter1 Low Byte bit 3RW0TCNT1L2Timer/Counter1 Low Byte bit 2RW0TCNT1L1Timer/Counter1 Low Byte bit 1RW0TCNT1L0Timer/Counter1 Low Byte bit 0RW0OCR1AHTimer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register High ByteThe output compare registers are 16-bit read/write registers. The Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Registers contain the data to be continuously compared with Timer/Counter1. Actions on compare matches are specified in the Timer/Counter1 Control and Status register.A compare match does only occur if Timer/Counter1 counts to the OCR value. A software write that sets TCNT1 and OCR1A or OCR1B to the same value does not generate a compare match. A compare match will set the compare interrupt flag in the CPU clock cycle following the compare event. Since the Output Compare Registers - OCR1A and OCR1B - are 16-bit registers, a temporary register TEMP is used when OCR1A/B are written to ensure that both bytes are updated simultaneously. When the CPU writes the high byte, OCR1AH or OCR1BH, the data is temporarily stored in the TEMP register. When the CPU writes the low byte, OCR1AL or OCR1BL, the TEMP register is simultaneously written to OCR1AH or OCR1BH. Consequently, the high byte OCR1AH or OCR1BH must be written first for a full 16-bit register write operation. The TEMP register is also used when accessing TCNT1, and ICR1. If the main program and also interrupt routines perform access to registers using TEMP, interrupts must be disabled during access from the main program (and from interrupt routines if interrupts are allowed from within interrupt$2B$4Bio_timer.bmpNOCR1AH7Timer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register High Byte bit 7RW0OCR1AH6Timer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register High Byte bit 6RW0OCR1AH5Timer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register High Byte bit 5RW0OCR1AH4Timer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register High Byte bit 4RW0OCR1AH3Timer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register High Byte bit 3RW0OCR1AH2Timer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register High Byte bit 2RW0OCR1AH1Timer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register High Byte bit 1RW0OCR1AH0Timer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register High Byte bit 0RW0OCR1ALTimer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register Low ByteThe output compare registers are 16-bit read/write registers. The Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Registers contain the data to be continuously compared with Timer/Counter1. Actions on compare matches are specified in the Timer/Counter1 Control and Status register.A compare match does only occur if Timer/Counter1 counts to the OCR value. A software write that sets TCNT1 and OCR1A or OCR1B to the same value does not generate a compare match. A compare match will set the compare interrupt flag in the CPU clock cycle following the compare event. Since the Output Compare Registers - OCR1A and OCR1B - are 16-bit registers, a temporary register TEMP is used when OCR1A/B are written to ensure that both bytes are updated simultaneously. When the CPU writes the high byte, OCR1AH or OCR1BH, the data is temporarily stored in the TEMP register. When the CPU writes the low byte, OCR1AL or OCR1BL, the TEMP register is simultaneously written to OCR1AH or OCR1BH. Consequently, the high byte OCR1AH or OCR1BH must be written first for a full 16-bit register write operation. The TEMP register is also used when accessing TCNT1, and ICR1. If the main program and also interrupt routines perform access to registers using TEMP, interrupts must be disabled during access from the main program (and from interrupt routines if interrupts are allowed from within interru$2A$4Aio_timer.bmpNOCR1AL7Timer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register Low Byte Bit 7RW0OCR1AL6Timer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register Low Byte Bit 6RW0OCR1AL5Timer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register Low Byte Bit 5RW0OCR1AL4Timer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register Low Byte Bit 4RW0OCR1AL3Timer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register Low Byte Bit 3RW0OCR1AL2Timer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register Low Byte Bit 2RW0OCR1AL1Timer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register Low Byte Bit 1RW0OCR1AL0Timer/Counter1 Outbut Compare Register Low Byte Bit 0RW0OCR1BHTimer/Counter1 Output Compare Register High ByteThe output compare registers are 16-bit read/write registers. The Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Registers contain the data to be continuously compared with Timer/Counter1. Actions on compare matches are specified in the Timer/Counter1 Control and Status register.A compare match does only occur if Timer/Counter1 counts to the OCR value. A software write that sets TCNT1 and OCR1A or OCR1B to the same value does not generate a compare match. A compare match will set the compare interrupt flag in the CPU clock cycle following the compare event. Since the Output Compare Registers - OCR1A and OCR1B - are 16-bit registers, a temporary register TEMP is used when OCR1A/B are written to ensure that both bytes are updated simultaneously. When the CPU writes the high byte, OCR1AH or OCR1BH, the data is temporarily stored in the TEMP register. When the CPU writes the low byte, OCR1AL or OCR1BL, the TEMP register is simultaneously written to OCR1AH or OCR1BH. Consequently, the high byte OCR1AH or OCR1BH must be written first for a full 16-bit register write operation. The TEMP register is also used when accessing TCNT1, and ICR1. If the main program and also interrupt routines perform access to registers using TEMP, interrupts must be disabled during access from the main program (and from interrupt routines if interrupts are allowed from within interrupt ro$29$49io_timer.bmpNOCR1BH7Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register High Byte bit 7RW0OCR1BH6Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register High Byte bit 6RW0OCR1BH5Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register High Byte bit 5RW0OCR1BH4Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register High Byte bit 4RW0OCR1BH3Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register High Byte bit 3RW0OCR1BH2Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register High Byte bit 2RW0OCR1BH1Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register High Byte bit 1RW0OCR1BH0Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register High Byte bit 0RW0OCR1BLTimer/Counter1 Output Compare Register Low ByteThe output compare registers are 16-bit read/write registers. The Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Registers contain the data to be continuously compared with Timer/Counter1. Actions on compare matches are specified in the Timer/Counter1 Control and Status register.A compare match does only occur if Timer/Counter1 counts to the OCR value. A software write that sets TCNT1 and OCR1A or OCR1B to the same value does not generate a compare match. A compare match will set the compare interrupt flag in the CPU clock cycle following the compare event. Since the Output Compare Registers - OCR1A and OCR1B - are 16-bit registers, a temporary register TEMP is used when OCR1A/B are written to ensure that both bytes are updated simultaneously. When the CPU writes the high byte, OCR1AH or OCR1BH, the data is temporarily stored in the TEMP register. When the CPU writes the low byte, OCR1AL or OCR1BL, the TEMP register is simultaneously written to OCR1AH or OCR1BH. Consequently, the high byte OCR1AH or OCR1BH must be written first for a full 16-bit register write operation. The TEMP register is also used when accessing TCNT1, and ICR1. If the main program and also interrupt routines perform access to registers using TEMP, interrupts must be disabled during access from the main program (and from interrupt routines if interrupts are allowed from within interrupt rout$28$48io_timer.bmpNOCR1BL7Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register Low Byte bit 7R0OCR1BL6Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register Low Byte bit 6RW0OCR1BL5Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register Low Byte bit 5RW0OCR1BL4Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register Low Byte bit 4RW0OCR1BL3Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register Low Byte bit 3RW0OCR1BL2Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register Low Byte bit 2RW0OCR1BL1Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register Low Byte bit 1RW0OCR1BL0Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register Low Byte bit 0RW0ICR1HTimer/Counter1 Input Capture Register High ByteThe input capture register is a 16-bit read-only register. When the rising or falling edge (according to the input capture edge setting - ICES1) of the signal at the input capture pin -ICP - is detected, the current value of the Timer/Counter1 is transferred to the Input Capture Register - ICR1. At the same time, the input capture flag - ICF1 - is set (one). Since the Input Capture Register - ICR1 - is a 16-bit register, a temporary register TEMP is used when ICR1 is read to ensure that both bytes are read simultaneously. When the CPU reads the low byte ICR1L, the data is sent to the CPU and the data of the high byte ICR1H is placed in the TEMP register. When the CPU reads the data in the high byte ICR1H, the CPU receives the data in the TEMP register. Consequently, the low byte ICR1L must be accessed first for a full 16-bit register read operation. The TEMP register is also used when accessing TCNT1, OCR1A and OCR1B. If the main program and also interrupt routines perform access to registers using TEMP, interrupts must be disabled during access from the main program (and from interrupt routines if interrupts are allowed from within interrupt$27$47io_timer.bmpNICR1H7Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Register High Byte bit 7RW0ICR1H6Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Register High Byte bit 6R0ICR1H5Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Register High Byte bit 5R0ICR1H4Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Register High Byte bit 4R0ICR1H3Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Register High Byte bit 3R0ICR1H2Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Register High Byte bit 2R0ICR1H1Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Register High Byte bit 1R0ICR1H0Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Register High Byte bit 0R0ICR1LTimer/Counter1 Input Capture Register Low ByteThe input capture register is a 16-bit read-only register. When the rising or falling edge (according to the input capture edge setting - ICES1) of the signal at the input capture pin -ICP - is detected, the current value of the Timer/Counter1 is transferred to the Input Capture Register - ICR1. At the same time, the input capture flag - ICF1 - is set (one). Since the Input Capture Register - ICR1 - is a 16-bit register, a temporary register TEMP is used when ICR1 is read to ensure that both bytes are read simultaneously. When the CPU reads the low byte ICR1L, the data is sent to the CPU and the data of the high byte ICR1H is placed in the TEMP register. When the CPU reads the data in the high byte ICR1H, the CPU receives the data in the TEMP register. Consequently, the low byte ICR1L must be accessed first for a full 16-bit register read operation. The TEMP register is also used when accessing TCNT1, OCR1A and OCR1B. If the main program and also interrupt routines perform access to registers using TEMP, interrupts must be disabled during access from the main program (and from interrupt routines if interrupts are allowed from within inter$26$46io_timer.bmpNICR1L7Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Register Low Byte bit 7R0ICR1L6Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Register Low Byte bit 6R0ICR1L5Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Register Low Byte bit 5R0ICR1L4Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Register Low Byte bit 4R0ICR1L3Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Register Low Byte bit 3R0ICR1L2Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Register Low Byte bit 2R0ICR1L1Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Register Low Byte bit 1R0ICR1L0Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Register Low Byte bit 0R0[TIMSK:TIFR:TCCR2:TCNT2:OCR2:ASSR]io_timer.bmpAt8pwm2_00The 8-bit Timer/Counter2 can select clock source from CK, prescaled CK, or external crystal input TOSC1. It can also be stopped as described in the section “Timer/Counter2 Control Register - TCCR2”. The status flags (overflow and compare match) are found in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register - TIFR. Control signals are found in the Timer/Counter Control Register TCCR2. The interrupt enable/disable settings are found in “The Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register - TIMSK”. When Timer/Counter2 is externally clocked, the external signal is synchronized with the oscillator frequency of the CPU. To assure proper sampling of the external clock, the minimum time between two external clock transitions must be at least one internal CPU clock period. The external clock signal is sampled on the rising edge of the internal CPU clock. This module features a high resolution and a high accuracy usage with the lower prescaling opportunities. Similarly, the high prescaling opportunities make this unit useful for lower speed functions or exact timing functions with infrequent actions. Timer/Counter2 can also be used as an 8-bit Pulse Width Modulator. In this mode, Timer/Counter2 and the output compare register serve as a glitch-free, stand-alone PWM with centered pulsTIMSKTimer/Counter Interrupt Mask register$39$59io_flag.bmpYOCIE2Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Match Interrupt EnableWhen the OCIE2 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the Timer/Counter2 Compare Match interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at vector $006) is executed if a compare match in Timer/Counter2 occurs, i.e. when the OCF2 bit is set in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register - TIFR.RW0TOIE2Timer/Counter2 Overflow Interrupt EnableWhen the TOIE2 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the Timer/Counter2 Overflow interrupt isRW0TIFRTimer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register$38$58io_flag.bmpYOCF2Output Compare Flag 2The OCF2 bit is set (one) when a compare match occurs between the Timer/Counter2 and the data in OCR2 - Output Compare Register2. OCF2 is cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, OCF2 is cleared by writing a logic one to the flag. When the I-bit in SREG, and OCIE2 (Timer/Counter2 Compare match Interrupt Enable), and the OCF2 are set (one), the Timer/Counter2 Compare match Interrupt is executed.RW0TOV2Timer/Counter2 Overflow FlagThe TOV2 bit is set (one) when an overflow occurs in Timer/Counter2. TOV2 is cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, TOV2 is cleared by writing a logic one to the flag. When the SREG I-bit, and TOIE2 (Timer/Counter2 Overflow Interrupt Enable), and TOV2 are set (one), the Timer/Counter2 Overflow interrupt is executed. In up/down PWM mode, this bit is set when Timer/Counter2 changes counting direction at $00.RW0TCCR2Timer/Counter2 Control Register$25$45io_flag.bmpYFOC2Force Output CompareWriting a logical one to this bit, forces a change in the compare match output pin PD7 (OC2) according to the values already set in COM21 and COM20. If the COM21 and COM20 bits are written in the same cycle as FOC2, the new settings will not take effect until next compare match or forced output compare match occurs. The Force Output Compare bit can be used to change the output pin without waiting for a compare match in the timer. The automatic action programmed in COM21 and COM20 happens as if a Compare Match had occurred, but no interrupt is generated, and the Timer/Counter will not be cleared even if CTC2 is set. The corresponding I/O pin must be set as an output pin for the FOC2 bit to have effect on the pin. The FOC2 bit will always be read as zero. Setting the FOC2 bit has no effect in PWM modeRW0WGM20PWM2Pulse Width Modulator EnableWhen set (one) this bit enables PWM mode for Timer/Counter2.RW0COM21Compare Output Mode bit 1The COM21 and COM20 control bits determine any output pin action following a compare match in Timer/Counter2. Output pin actions affect pin PD7(OC2). This is an alternative function to an I/O port, and the corresponding direction control bit must be set (one) to control an output pin. (COM21:COM20) description: (0:0) = Timer/Counter disconnected from output pin OC2. (0:1) = Toggle the OC2 output line. (1:0) = Clear the OC2 output line (to zero). (1:1) = Set the OC2 output line (to one). Note: In PWM mode, these bits have a different function.RW0COM20Compare Output Mode bit 0The COM21 and COM20 control bits determine any output pin action following a compare match in Timer/Counter2. Output pin actions affect pin PD7(OC2). This is an alternative function to an I/O port, and the corresponding direction control bit must be set (one) to control an output pin. (COM21:COM20) description: (0:0) = Timer/Counter disconnected from output pin OC2. (0:1) = Toggle the OC2 output line. (1:0) = Clear the OC2 output line (to zero). (1:1) = Set the OC2 output line (to one). Note: In PWM mode, these bits have a different function.RW0WGM21CTC2Clear Timer/Counter2 on Compare MatchWhen the CTC2 control bit is set (one), Timer/Counter2 is reset to $00 in the CPU clock cycle following a compare match. If the control bit is cleared, the Timer/Counter2 continues counting and is unaffected by a compare match. When a prescal-ing of 1 is used, and the compare register is set to C, the timer will count as follows if CTC2 is set: ...|C-1|C|0|1|... When the prescaler is set to divide by 8, the timer will count like this: ...|C-1,C-1,C-1,C-1,C-1,C-1,C-1,C-1|C,C,C,C,C,C,C,C |0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0|1,1,1,... In PWM mode, this bit has a different function. If the CTC2 bit is cleared in PWM mode, the Timer/Counter acts as an up/down counter. If the CTC2 bit is set (one), the Timer/Counter wraps when it reaches $FFRW0CS22Clock Select bit 2The Clock Select bits 2,1, and 0 define the prescaling source of Timer/Counter2. (CS22:CS21:CS20) Description. (0:0:0) Timer/Counter2 is stopped. (0:0:1) PCK2. (0:1:0) PCK2/8. (0:1:1) PCK2/32. (1:0:0) PCK2/64. (1:0:1) PCK2/128. (1:1:0) PCK2/256. (1:1:1) PCK2/1024. The Stop condition provides a Timer Enable/Disable function. The prescaled modes are scaled directly from the PCK2 clock.RW0CS21Clock Select bit 1The Clock Select bits 2,1, and 0 define the prescaling source of Timer/Counter2. (CS22:CS21:CS20) Description. (0:0:0) Timer/Counter2 is stopped. (0:0:1) PCK2. (0:1:0) PCK2/8. (0:1:1) PCK2/32. (1:0:0) PCK2/64. (1:0:1) PCK2/128. (1:1:0) PCK2/256. (1:1:1) PCK2/1024. The Stop condition provides a Timer Enable/Disable function. The prescaled modes are scaled directly from the PCK2 clock.RW0CS20Clock Select bit 0The Clock Select bits 2,1, and 0 define the prescaling source of Timer/Counter2. (CS22:CS21:CS20) Description. (0:0:0) Timer/Counter2 is stopped. (0:0:1) PCK2. (0:1:0) PCK2/8. (0:1:1) PCK2/32. (1:0:0) PCK2/64. (1:0:1) PCK2/128. (1:1:0) PCK2/256. (1:1:1) PCK2/1024. The Stop condition provides a Timer Enable/Disable function. The prescaled modes are scaled directly from the PCK2 clock.RW0TCNT2Timer/Counter2This 8-bit register contains the value of Timer/Counter2. Timer/Counters2 is implemented as an up or up/down (in PWM mode) counter with read and write access. If the Timer/Counter2iswritten to and a clocksourceisselected,it continues counting in the timer clock cycle following the write operation.$24$44io_timer.bmpNTCNT2-7Timer/Counter 2 bit 7RW0TCNT2-6Timer/Counter 2 bit 6RW0TCNT2-5Timer/Counter 2 bit 5RW0TCNT2-4Timer/Counter 2 bit 4RW0TCNT2-3Timer/Counter 2 bit 3RW0TCNT2-2Timer/Counter 2 bit 2RW0TCNT2-1Timer/Counter 2 bit 1RW0TCNT2-0Timer/Counter 2 bit 0RW0OCR2Timer/Counter2 Output Compare RegisterThe output compare register is an 8-bit read/write register. The Timer/Counter Output Compare Register contains the data to be continuously compared with Timer/Counter2. Actions on compare matches are specified in TCCR2. A compare match does only occur if Timer/Counter2 counts to the OCR2 value. A software write that sets TCNT2 and OCR2 to the same value does not generate a compare match. A compare match will set the compare interrupt flag in the CPU clock cycle following the compare event. Timer/Counter2 in PWM Mode When PWM mode is selected, the Timer/Counter2 either wraps (overflows) when it reaches $FF or it acts as an up/down counter. If the up/down mode is selected, the Timer/Counter2 and the Output Compare Register - OCR2 form an 8-bit, free-running, glitch-free, and phase correct PWM with outputs on the PD7(OC2) pin. If the overflow mode is selected, the Timer/Counter2 and the Output Compare Register - OCR2 form an 8-bit, free-running, and glitch-free PWM, operating with twice the speed of the up/down counting mode. PWM Modes (Up/Down and Overflow). The two different PWM modes are selected by the CTC2 bit in the Timer/Counter Control Register - TCCR2. If CTC2 is cleared and PWM mode is selected, the Timer/Counter acts as an up/down counter, counting up from $00 to $FF, where it turns and counts down again to zero before the cycle is repeated. When the counter value matches the con-tents of the Output Compare Register, the PD7(OC2) pin is set or cleared according to the settings of the COM21/COM20 bits in the Timer/Counter Control Register TCCR2. If CTC2 is set and PWM mode is selected, the Timer/Counters will wrap and start counting from $00 after reaching $FF. The PD7(OC2) pin will be set or cleared according to the settings of COM21/COM20 on a Timer/Counter overflow or when the counter value matches the contents of the Output Compare Register. Note that in PWM mode, the value to be written to the Output Compare Register is first transferred to a temporary location, and then latched into OCR2 when the Timer/Counter reaches $FF. This prevents the occurrence of odd-length PWM pulses (glitches) in the event of an unsynchronized OCR2 write. (CTC2:COM21:COM20) Effect on Compare Pin Frequency: (0:0:0) = Not connected. (0:0:1) = Not connected. (0:1:0) = Cleared on compare match, up-counting. Set on compare match, down-counting (non-inverted PWM). f TCK0/2 /510. (0:1:1) = Cleared on compare match, down-counting. Set on compare match, up-counting (inverted PWM). f TCK0/2 /510. (1:0:0) = Not connected. (1:0:1) = Not connected. (1:1:0) = Cleared on compare match, set on overflow. f TCK0/2 /256. (1:1:1) = Set on compare match, cleared on overflow. f TCK0/2 /$23$43io_timer.bmpNOCR2-7Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register Bit 7RW0OCR2-6Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register Bit 6RW0OCR2-5Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register Bit 5RW0OCR2-4Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register Bit 4RW0OCR2-3Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register Bit 3RW0OCR2-2Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register Bit 2RW0OCR2-1Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register Bit 1RW0OCR2-0Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register Bit 0RW0ASSRAsynchronous Status Register$22$42io_flag.bmpYAS2Asynchronous Timer/counter2When AS2 is cleared (zero), Timer/Counter2 is clocked from the internal system clock, CK. When AS2 is set (one), Timer/Counter2 is clocked from the PC6(TOSC1) pin. Pins PC6 and PC7 are connected to a crystal oscillator and cannot be used as general I/O pins. When the value of this bit is changed, the contents of TCNT2, OCR2, and TCCR2 might be corrupted.RW0TCN2UBTimer/Counter2 Update BusyWhen Timer/Counter2 operates asynchronously and TCNT2 is written, this bit becomes set (one). When TCNT2 has been updated from the temporary storage register, this bit is cleared (zero) by hardware. A logical zero in this bit indicates that TCNT2 is ready to be updated with a new value.R0OCR2UBOutput Compare Register2 Update BusyWhen Timer/Counter2 operates asynchronously and OCR2 is written, this bit becomes set (one). When OCR2 has been updated from the temporary storage register, this bit is cleared (zero) by hardware. A logical zero in this bit indicates that OCR2 is ready to be updated with a new value.R0TCR2UBTimer/counter Control Register2 Update BusyWhen Timer/Counter2 operates asynchronously and TCCR2 is written, this bit becomes set (one). When TCCR2 has been updated from the temporary storage register, this bit is cleared (zero) by hardware. A logical zero in this bit indicates that TCCR2 is ready to be updated with a new value. If a write is performed to any of the three Timer/Counter2 registers while its update busy flag is set (one), the updated value might get corrupted and cause an unintentional interrupt to occur. The mechanisms for reading TCNT2, OCR2, and TCCR2 are different. When reading TCNT2, the actual timer value is read. When reading OCR2 or TCCR2, the value in the temporary storage register is reaR0[WDTCR]io_watch.bmpWDTCRWatchdog Timer Control Register$21$41io_flag.bmpYWDTOEWDDERWThis bit must be set (one) when the WDE bit is cleared. Otherwise, the watchdog will not be disabled. Once set, hardware will clear this bit to zero after four clock cycles. Refer to the description of the WDE bit for a watchdog disable procedure.RW0WDEWatch Dog EnableWhen the WDE is set (one) the Watchdog Timer is enabled, and if the WDE is cleared (zero) the Watchdog Timer function is disabled. WDE can only be cleared if the WDTOE bit is set(one). To disable an enabled watchdog timer, the following procedure must be followed: 1. In the same operation, write a logical one to WDTOE and WDE. A logical one must be written to WDE even though it is set to one before the disable operation starts. 2. Within the next four clock cycles, write a logical 0 to WDE. This disables the watchdogRW0WDP2Watch Dog Timer Prescaler bit 2RW0WDP1Watch Dog Timer Prescaler bit 1RW0WDP0Watch Dog Timer Prescaler bit 0RW0[EEARH:EEARL:EEDR:EECR]
[EEARH:EEARL]
io_cpu.bmpEEPROM Read/Write Access. The EEPROM access registers are accessible in the I/O space. The write access time for the EEPROM is given in Table 1. A self-timing function, however, lets the user software detect when the next byte can be written. If the user code contains instructions that write the EEPROM, some precautions must be taken. In heavily filtered power supplies, V CC is likely to rise or fall slowly on power-up/down. This causes the device for some period of time to run at a voltage lower than specified as minimum for the clock frequency used. See “Preventing EEPROM Corruption” on page 19. for details on how to avoid problems in these situations.In order to prevent unintentional EEPROM writes, a specific write procedure must be followed. Refer to the description of the EEPROM Control Register for details on this. When the EEPROM is read, the CPU is halted for four clock cycles before the next instruction is executed. When theEEPROM is written, the CPU is halted for two clock cycles before the next instruction is executeEEARHEEPROM Address Register High ByteBits 11..0 - EEAR11..0: EEPROM Address The EEPROM Address Registers - EEARH and EEARL specify the EEPROM address in the 4K bytes EEPROM space. The EEPROM data bytes are addressed linearly between 0 and 4096. The initial value of EEAR is undefined. A proper value must be written before the EEPROM may be accessed. $1F$3Fio_cpu.bmpNEEAR8EEPROM Read/Write Access Bit 8RW0EEARLEEPROM Address Register Low ByteBits 11..0 - EEAR11..0: EEPROM Address The EEPROM Address Registers - EEARH and EEARL specify the EEPROM address in the 4K bytes EEPROM space. The EEPROM data bytes are addressed linearly between 0 and 4096. The initial value of EEAR is undefined. A proper value must be written before the EEPROM may be accessed. $1E$3Eio_cpu.bmpNEEAR7EEPROM Read/Write Access Bit 7RW0EEAR6EEPROM Read/Write Access Bit 6RW0EEAR5EEPROM Read/Write Access Bit 5RW0EEAR4EEPROM Read/Write Access Bit 4RW0EEAR3EEPROM Read/Write Access Bit 3RW0EEAR2EEPROM Read/Write Access Bit 2RW0EEAR1EEPROM Read/Write Access Bit 1RW0EEAR0EEPROM Read/Write Access Bit 0RW0EEDREEPROM Data RegisterFor the EEPROM write operation, the EEDR register contains the data to be written to the EEPROM in the address given by the EEAR register. For the EEPROM read operation, the EEDR contains the data read out from the EEPROM at the address given by EEAR.$1D$3Dio_cpu.bmpNEEDR7EEPROM Data Register bit 7RW0EEDR6EEPROM Data Register bit 6RW0EEDR5EEPROM Data Register bit 5RW0EEDR4EEPROM Data Register bit 4RW0EEDR3EEPROM Data Register bit 3RW0EEDR2EEPROM Data Register bit 2RW0EEDR1EEPROM Data Register bit 1RW0EEDR0EEPROM Data Register bit 0RW0EECREEPROM Control Register$1C$3Cio_flag.bmpYEERIEEEPROM Ready Interrupt EnableEEPROM Ready Interrupt Enable Writing EERIE to one enables the EEPROM Ready Interrupt if the I bit in SREG is set. Writing EERIE to zero disables the interrupt. The EEPROM Ready interrupt generates a constant interrupt when EEWE is cleared.RW0EEMWEEEWEEEEPROM Master Write EnableThe EEMWE bit determines whether setting EEWE to one causes the EEPROM to be written. When EEMWE is written to one, writing EEWE to one within 4 clock cycles will write data to the EEPROM at the selected address. If EEMWE is zero, writing EEWE to one will have no effect. When EEMWE has been written to one by software, hardware clears the bit to zero after four clock cycles. See the description of the EEWE bit for an EEPROM write procedure.RW0EEWEEEPROM Write EnableThe EEPROM Write Enable Signal EEWE is the write strobe to the EEPROM. When address and data are correctly set up, the EEWE bit must be set to write the value into the EEPROM. The EEMWE bit must be set when the logical one is written to EEWE, otherwise no EEPROM write takes place. The following procedure should be followed when writing the EEPROM (the order of steps 3 and 4 is not essential): 1. Wait until EEWE becomes zero. 2. Wait until SPMEN in SPMCR becomes zero. 3. Write new EEPROM address to EEAR (optional). 4. Write new EEPROM data to EEDR (optional). 5. Write a logical one to the EEMWE bit while writing a zero to EEWE in EECR. 6. Within four clock cycles after setting EEMWE, write a logical one to EEWE. The EEPROM can not be programmed during a CPU write to the Flash memory. The software must check that the Flash programming is completed before initiating a new EEPROM write. Step 2 is only relevant if the software contains a boot loader allowing the CPU to program the Flash. If the Flash is never being updated by the CPU, step 2 can be omitted. See “Boot Loader Support - Read While Write self-programming” on page 228 for details about boot programming. Caution: An interrupt between step 5 and step 6 will make the write cycle fail, since the EEPROM Master Write Enable will time-out. If an interrupt routine accessing the EEPROM is interrupting another EEPROM access, the EEAR or EEDR regis-ter will be modified, causing the interrupted EEPROM access to fail. It is recommended to have the global interrupt flag cleared during the 4 last steps to avoid these problems. When the write access time has elapsed, the EEWE bit is cleared by hardware. The user software can poll this bit and wait for a zero before writing the next byte. When EEWE has been set, the CPU is halted for two cycles before the next instruc-tion is executedRWXEEREEEPROM Read EnableThe EEPROM Read Enable Signal EERE is the read strobe to the EEPROM. When the correct address is set up in the EEAR register, the EERE bit must be written to a logic one to trigger the EEPROM read. The EEPROM read access takes one instruction, and the requested data is available immediately. When the EEPROM is read, the CPU is halted for four cycles before the next instruction is executed. The user should poll the EEWE bit before starting the read operation. If a write operation is in progress, it is neither possible to read the EEPROM, nor to change the EEAR register. The calibrated oscillator is used to time the EEPROM accesses. Table 1 lists the typical programming time for EEPROM access from the CPURW0[SPDR:SPSR:SPCR]io_com.bmpSPI_01The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) allows high-speed synchronous data transfer between the device and peripheral devices or between several AVR devices. The SPI includes the following features: • Full-duplex, 3-wire Synchronous Data Transfer • Master or Slave Operation • LSB First or MSB First Data Transfer • Seven Programmable Bit Rates • End of Transmission Interrupt Flag • Write Collision Flag Protection • Wake-up from Idle Mode • Double Speed (CK/2) Master SPI ModeSPDRSPI Data RegisterThe SPI Data Register is a read/write register used for data transfer between the register file and the SPI Shift register. Writing to the register initiates data transmission. Reading the register causes the Shift Register Receive buffer to be read.$0F$2Fio_com.bmpNSPDR7SPI Data Register bit 7RWXSPDR6SPI Data Register bit 6RWXSPDR5SPI Data Register bit 5RWXSPDR4SPI Data Register bit 4RWXSPDR3SPI Data Register bit 3RWXSPDR2SPI Data Register bit 2RWXSPDR1SPI Data Register bit 1R0SPDR0SPI Data Register bit 0R0SPSRSPI Status Register$0E$2Eio_flag.bmpYSPIFSPI Interrupt FlagWhen a serial transfer is complete, the SPIF bit is set (one) and an interrupt is generated if SPIE in SPCR is set (one) and global interrupts are enabled. If SS is an input and is driven low when the SPI is in master mode, this will also set the SPIF flag. SPIF is cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, the SPIF bit is cleared by first reading the SPI status register when SPIF is set (one), then accessing the SPI Data Register (SPDR).R0WCOLWrite Collision FlagThe WCOL bit is set if the SPI data register (SPDR) is written during a data transfer. The WCOL bit (and the SPIF bit) are cleared (zero) by first reading the SPI Status Register when WCOL is set (one), and then accessing the SPI Data Register.R0SPI2XDouble SPI Speed BitWhen this bit is written logic one the SPI speed (SCK Frequency) will be doubled when the SPI is in master mode (see Table 71). This means that the minimum SCK period will be 2 CPU clock periods. When the SPI is configured as Slave, the SPI is only guaranteed to work at f ck / 4 or lower. The SPI interface on the ATmega104 is also used for program memory and EEPROM downloading or uploading. See page 253 for serial programming and verification.RW0SPCRSPI Control Register$0D$2Dio_flag.bmpYSPIESPI Interrupt EnableThis bit causes the SPI interrupt to be executed if SPIF bit in the SPSR register is set and the global interrupts are enabled.RW0SPESPI EnableWhen the SPE bit is set (one), the SPI is enabled. This bit must be set to enable any SPI operations.RW0DORDData OrderWhen the DORD bit is set (one), the LSB of the data word is transmitted first. When the DORD bit is cleared (zero), the MSB of the data word is transmitted first.RW0MSTRMaster/Slave SelectThis bit selects Master SPI mode when set (one), and Slave SPI mode when cleared (zero). If SS is configured as an input and is driven low while MSTR is set, MSTR will be cleared, and SPIF in SPSR will become set. The user will then have to set MSTR to re-enable SPI master mode.RW0CPOLClock polarityWhen this bit is set (one), SCK is high when idle. When CPOL is cleared (zero), SCK is low when idle. Refer to Figure 36 and Figure 37 for additional information.RW0CPHAClock PhaseRefer to Figure 36 or Figure 37 for the functionality of this bit.RW0SPR1SPI Clock Rate Select 1RW0SPR0SPI Clock Rate Select 0RW0[UDR:UCSRA:UCSRB:UBRRHI:UBRR]io_com.bmpUart_01The device features a full duplex (separate receive and transmit registers) Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter (UART). The main features are: • Baud Rate Generator Generates any Baud Rate • High Baud Rates at Low XTAL Frequencies • 8 or 9 Bits Data • Noise Filtering • Overrun Detection • Framing Error Detection • False Start Bit Detection • Three Separate Interrupts on TX Complete, TX Data Register Empty, and RX Complete • Multi-processor Communication Mode • Double Speed UART ModeUDRUART I/O Data RegisterThe UDR register is actually two physically separate registers sharing the same I/O address. When writing to the register, the UART Transmit Data register is written. When reading from UDR, the UART Receive Data register is read.$0C$2Cio_com.bmpNUDR7UART I/O Data Register bit 7RW0UDR6UART I/O Data Register bit 6RW0UDR5UART I/O Data Register bit 5RW0UDR4UART I/O Data Register bit 4RW0UDR3UART I/O Data Register bit 3RW0UDR2UART I/O Data Register bit 2RW0UDR1UART I/O Data Register bit 1RW0UDR0UART I/O Data Register bit 0RW0UCSRAUART Control and Status register A$0B$2Bio_flag.bmpYRXCUART Receive CompleteThis bit is set (one) when a received character is transferred from the Receiver Shift register to UDR. The bit is set regard-less of any detected framing errors. When the RXCIE bit in UCR is set, the UART Receive Complete interrupt will be executed when RXC is set(one). RXC is cleared by reading UDR. When interrupt-driven data reception is used, the UART Receive Complete Interrupt routine must read UDR in order to clear RXC, otherwise a new interrupt will occur once the interrupt routine terminates.R0TXCUART Transmitt CompleteThis bit is set (one) when the entire character (including the stop bit) in the Transmit Shift register has been shifted out and no new data has been written to UDR. This flag is especially useful in half-duplex communications interfaces, where a transmitting application must enter receive mode and free the communications bus immediately after completing the transmission. When the TXCIE bit in UCR is set, setting of TXC causes the UART Transmit Complete interrupt to be executed. TXC is cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, the TXC bit is cleared (zero) by writing a logical one to the bitRW0UDREUART Data Register EmptyThis bit is set (one) when a character written to UDR is transferred to the Transmit shift register. Setting of this bit indicates that the transmitter is ready to receive a new character for transmission. When the UDRIE bit in UCR is set, the UART Transmit Complete interrupt to be executed as long as UDRE is set. UDRE is cleared by writing UDR. When interrupt-driven data transmittal is used, the UART Data Register Empty Interrupt routine must write UDR in order to clear UDRE, otherwise a new interrupt will occur once the interrupt routine terminates. UDRE is set (one) during reset to indicate that the transmitter is readyR1FEFraming ErrorThis bit is set if a Framing Error condition is detected, i.e. when the stop bit of an incoming character is zero. The FE bit is cleared when the stop bit of received data is one.R0OROverrunThis bit is set if an Overrun condition is detected, i.e. when a character already present in the UDR register is not read before the next character has been shifted into the Receiver Shift register. The OR bit is buffered, which means that it will be set once the valid data still in UDR is read.R0U2XDouble the UART Transmission SpeedSetting this bit will reduce the division of the baud rate generator clock from 16 to 8, effectively doubling the transfer speed at the expense of robustness.RW0MPCMMulti Processor Communication ModeThis bit is used to enter Multi-Processor Communication Mode. The bit is set when the slave MCU waits for an address byte to be received. When the MCU has been addressed, the MCU switches off the MPCM bit, and starts data reception.RW0UCSRBUART Control an Status register B$0A$2Aio_flag.bmpYRXCIERX Complete Interrupt EnableWhen this bit is set (one), a setting of the RXC bit in USR will cause the Receive Complete interrupt routine to be executed provided that global interrupts are enabled.RW0TXCIETX Complete Interrupt EnableWhen this bit is set (one), a setting of the TXC bit in USR will cause the Transmit Complete interrupt routine to be executed provided that global interrupts are enabled.RW0UDRIEUART Data Register Empty Interrupt EnableWhen this bit is set (one), a setting of the UDRE bit in USR will cause the UART Data Register Empty interrupt routine to be executed provided that global interrupts are enabled.RW0RXENReceiver EnableThis bit enables the UART receiver when set (one). When the receiver is disabled, the TXC, OR and FE status flags cannot become set. If these flags are set, turning off RXEN does not cause them to be cleared.RW0TXENTransmitter EnableThis bit enables the UART transmitter when set (one). When disabling the transmitter while transmitting a character, the transmitter is not disabled before the character in the shift register plus any following character in UDR has been completely transmitted.RW0CHR99-bit CharactersWhen this bit is set (one) transmitted and received characters are 9 bit long plus start and stop bits. The 9th bit is read and written by using the RXB8 and TXB8 bits in UCR, respectively. The 9th data bit can be used as an extra stop bit or a parity bit.RW0RXB8Receive Data Bit 8When CHR9 is set (one), RXB8 is the 9th data bit of the received character.R1TXB8Transmit Data Bit 8When CHR9 is set (one), TXB8 is the 9th data bit in the character to be transmitted.W0UBRRHIUART Baud Rate Register High Byte$20$40io_com.bmpNUBRRHI3UART Baud Rate Register High Byte bit 3RW0UBRRHI2UART Baud Rate Register High Byte bit 2RW0UBRRHI1UART Baud Rate Register High Byte bit 1RW0UBRRHI0UART Baud Rate Register High Byte bit 0RW0UBRRUART Baud Rate Register$09$29io_com.bmpNUBRR7UART Baud Rate Register bit 7RW0UBRR6UART Baud Rate Register bit 6RW0UBRR5UART Baud Rate Register bit 5RW0UBRR4UART Baud Rate Register bit 4RW0UBRR3UART Baud Rate Register bit 3RW0UBRR2UART Baud Rate Register bit 2RW0UBRR1UART Baud Rate Register bit 1RW0UBRR0UART Baud Rate Register bit 0RW0[TWBR:TWCR:TWSR:TWDR:TWAR]io_com.bmpTWI_01TWI: Simple yet powerful and flexible communications interface, only two bus lines needed. Both master and slave operation supported. Device can operate as transmitter or receiver. 7-bit address space allows up to 128 different slave addresses. Multi-master arbitration support Up to 400 kHz data transfer speed Slew-rate limited output drivers Noise suppression circuitry rejects spikes on bus lines Fully programmable slave address with general call support Address recognition causes wake-up when AVR is in sleep mode The Two-Wire Serial Interface (TWI) is ideally suited to typical microcontroller applications. The TWI protocol allows the systems designer to interconnect up to 128 different devices using only two bidirectional bus lines, one for clock (SCL) andone for data (SDA). The only external hardware needed to implement the bus is a single pull-up resistor for each of the TWI bus lines. All devices connected to the bus have individual addresses, and mechanisms for resolving bus contention are inherent in the TWI protocoTWBRTWI Bit Rate registerTWBR selects the division factor for the bit rate generator. The bit rate generator is a frequency divider which generates the SCL clock frequency in the master modes. See “Bit Rate Generator Unit” on page 165 for calculating bit rates.$00$20io_com.bmpNTWBR7RW0TWBR6RW0TWBR5RW0TWBR4RW0TWBR3RW0TWBR2RW0TWBR1RW0TWBR0RW0TWCRTWI Control RegisterThe TWCR is used to control the operation of the TWI. It is used to enable the TWI, to initiate a master access by applying a START condition to the bus, to generate a receiver acknowledge, to generate a stop condition, and to control halting of the bus while the data to be written to the bus are written to the TWDR. It also indicates a write collision if data is attempted written to TWDR while the register is inaccessible.$36$56io_flag.bmpYTWINTTWI Interrupt FlagThis bit is set by hardware when the TWI has finished its current job and expects application software response. If the I-bit in SREG and TWIE in TWCR are set, the MCU will jump to the TWI interrupt vector. While the TWINT flag is set, the SCL low period is stretched. The TWINT flag must be cleared by software by writing a logic one to it. Note that this flag is not automatically cleared by hardware when executing the interrupt routine. Also note that clearing this flag starts the operation of the TWI, so all accesses to the TWI Address Register (TWAR), TWI Status Register (TWSR), and TWI Data Register (TWDR) must be complete before clearing this flagRW0TWEATWI Enable Acknowledge BitThe TWEA bit controls the generation of the acknowledge pulse. If the TWEA bit is written to one, the ACK pulse is gener-ated on the TWI bus if the following conditions are met: 1. The device’s own slave address has been received. 2. A general call has been received, while the TWGCE bit in the TWAR is set. 3. A data byte has been received in master receiver or slave receiver mode. By writing the TWEA bit to zero, the device can be virtually disconnected from the 2-wire Serial Bus temporarily. Address recognition can then be resumed by writing the TWEA bit to one againRW0TWSTATWI Start Condition BitThe application writes the TWSTA bit to one when it desires to become a master on the 2-wire Serial Bus. The TWI hard-ware checks if the bus is available, and generates a START condition on the bus if it is free. However, if the bus is not free, the TWI waits until a STOP condition is detected, and then generates a new START condition to claim the bus Master sta-tus. TWSTA is cleared by the TWI hardware when the START condition has been transmitted.RW0TWSTOTWI Stop Condition BitWriting the TWSTO bit to one in master mode will generate a STOP condition on the 2-wire Serial Bus. When the STOP condition is executed on the bus, the TWSTO bit is cleared automatically. In slave mode, setting the TWSTO bit can be used to recover from an error condition. This will not generate a STOP condition, but the TWI returns to a well-defined unaddressed slave mode and releases the SCL and SDA lines to a high impedance state.RW0TWWCTWI Write Collition FlagThe TWWC bit is set when attempting to write to the TWI Data Register - TWDR when TWINT is low. This flag is cleared by writing the TWDR register when TWINT is high.RW0TWENTWI Enable BitThe TWEN bit enables TWI operation and activates the TWI interface. When TWEN is written to one, the TWI takes control over the I/O pins connected to the SCL and SDA pins, enabling the slew-rate limiters and spike filters. If this bit is written to zero, the TWI is switched off and all TWI transmissions are terminated, regardless of any ongoing operation.RW0TWIETWI Interrupt EnableWhen this bit is written to one, and the I-bit in SREG is set, the TWI interrupt request will be activated for as long as the TWINT flag is high.RW0TWSRTWI Status Register$01$21io_flag.bmpYTWS7TWI StatusBits 7..3: These 5 bits reflect the status of the TWI logic and the 2-Wire Serial Bus. The different status codes are described later in this chapter. Note that the value read from TWSR contains both the 5-bit status value and the 2-bit prescaler value. The application designer should consider masking the prescaler bits to zero when checking the Status bits. This makes status checking independent of prescaler setting. This approach is used in this datasheet, unless otherwise noted. If the prescaler setting remains unchanged in the application, the prescaler bits need not be masked. Instead, bit 1:0 in the values that TWSR is compared to can be modified to match the prescaler setting. This will yield more efficient cRW0TWS6TWI StatusBits 7..3: These 5 bits reflect the status of the TWI logic and the 2-Wire Serial Bus. The different status codes are described later in this chapter. Note that the value read from TWSR contains both the 5-bit status value and the 2-bit prescaler value. The application designer should consider masking the prescaler bits to zero when checking the Status bits. This makes status checking independent of prescaler setting. This approach is used in this datasheet, unless otherwise noted. If the prescaler setting remains unchanged in the application, the prescaler bits need not be masked. Instead, bit 1:0 in the values that TWSR is compared to can be modified to match the prescaler setting. This will yield more efficient coRW0TWS5TWI StatusBits 7..3: These 5 bits reflect the status of the TWI logic and the 2-Wire Serial Bus. The different status codes are described later in this chapter. Note that the value read from TWSR contains both the 5-bit status value and the 2-bit prescaler value. The application designer should consider masking the prescaler bits to zero when checking the Status bits. This makes status checking independent of prescaler setting. This approach is used in this datasheet, unless otherwise noted. If the prescaler setting remains unchanged in the application, the prescaler bits need not be masked. Instead, bit 1:0 in the values that TWSR is compared to can be modified to match the prescaler setting. This will yield more efficient cRW0TWS4TWI StatusBits 7..3: These 5 bits reflect the status of the TWI logic and the 2-Wire Serial Bus. The different status codes are described later in this chapter. Note that the value read from TWSR contains both the 5-bit status value and the 2-bit prescaler value. The application designer should consider masking the prescaler bits to zero when checking the Status bits. This makes status checking independent of prescaler setting. This approach is used in this datasheet, unless otherwise noted. If the prescaler setting remains unchanged in the application, the prescaler bits need not be masked. Instead, bit 1:0 in the values that TWSR is compared to can be modified to match the prescaler setting. This will yield more efficient coRW0TWS3TWI StatusBits 7..3: These 5 bits reflect the status of the TWI logic and the 2-Wire Serial Bus. The different status codes are described later in this chapter. Note that the value read from TWSR contains both the 5-bit status value and the 2-bit prescaler value. The application designer should consider masking the prescaler bits to zero when checking the Status bits. This makes status checking independent of prescaler setting. This approach is used in this datasheet, unless otherwise noted. If the prescaler setting remains unchanged in the application, the prescaler bits need not be masked. Instead, bit 1:0 in the values that TWSR is compared to can be modified to match the prescaler setting. This will yield more efficient coRW0TWDRTWI Data registerIn transmit mode, TWDR contains the next byte to be transmitted. In receive mode, the TWDR contains the last byte received. It is writable while the TWI is not in the process of shifting a byte. This occurs when the TWI interrupt flag (TWINT) is set by hardware. Note that the data register cannot be initialized by the user before the first interrupt occurs. The data in TWDR remains stable as long as TWINT is set. While data is shifted out, data on the bus is simultaneously shifted in. TWDR always contains the last byte present on the bus, except after a wake up from a sleep mode by the TWI interrupt. In this case, the contents of TWDR is undefined. In the case of a lost bus arbitration, no data is lost in the transi-tion from Master to Slave. Handling of the ACK bit is controlled automatically by the TWI logic, the CPU cannot access the ACK bit directl$03$23io_com.bmpNTWD7TWI Data Register Bit 7RW1TWD6TWI Data Register Bit 6RW1TWD5TWI Data Register Bit 5RW1TWD4TWI Data Register Bit 4RW1TWD3TWI Data Register Bit 3RW1TWD2TWI Data Register Bit 2RW1TWD1TWI Data Register Bit 1RW1TWD0TWI Data Register Bit 0RW1TWARTWI (Slave) Address registerThe TWAR should be loaded with the 7-bit slave address (in the seven most significant bits of TWAR) to which the TWI will respond when programmed as a slave transmitter or receiver, and not needed in the master modes. In multimaster sys-tems, TWAR must be set in masters which can be addressed as slaves by other masters. The LSB of TWAR is used to enable recognition of the general call address ($00). There is an associated address compar-ator that looks for the slave address (or general call address if enabled) in the received serial address. If a match is found, an interrupt request is genera$02$22io_com.bmpNTWA6TWI (Slave) Address register Bit 6RW0TWA5TWI (Slave) Address register Bit 5RW0TWA4TWI (Slave) Address register Bit 4RW0TWA3TWI (Slave) Address register Bit 3RW0TWA2TWI (Slave) Address register Bit 2RW0TWA1TWI (Slave) Address register Bit 1RW0TWA0TWI (Slave) Address register Bit 0RW0TWGCETWI General Call Recognition Enable BitRW0[PORTA:DDRA:PINA]io_port.bmpAVRSimIOPort.SimIOPortPORTAPort A Data Register$1B$3Bio_port.bmpNPORTA7Port A Data Register bit 7RW0PORTA6Port A Data Register bit 6RW0PORTA5Port A Data Register bit 5RW0PORTA4Port A Data Register bit 4RW0PORTA3Port A Data Register bit 3RW0PORTA2Port A Data Register bit 2RW0PORTA1Port A Data Register bit 1RW0PORTA0Port A Data Register bit 0RW0DDRAPort A Data Direction Register$1A$3Aio_flag.bmpNDDA7Data Direction Register, Port A, bit 7RW0DDA6Data Direction Register, Port A, bit 6RW0DDA5Data Direction Register, Port A, bit 5RW0DDA4Data Direction Register, Port A, bit 4RW0DDA3Data Direction Register, Port A, bit 3RW0DDA2Data Direction Register, Port A, bit 2RW0DDA1Data Direction Register, Port A, bit 1RW0DDA0Data Direction Register, Port A, bit 0RW0PINAPort A Input PinsThe Port A Input Pins address - PINA - is not a register, and this address enables access to the physical value on each Port A pin. When reading PORTA the Port A Data Latch is read, and when reading PINA, the logical values present on the pins are read.$19$39io_port.bmpNPINA7Input Pins, Port A bit 7RWHi-ZPINA6Input Pins, Port A bit 6RWHi-ZPINA5Input Pins, Port A bit 5RWHi-ZPINA4Input Pins, Port A bit 4RWHi-ZPINA3Input Pins, Port A bit 3RWHi-ZPINA2Input Pins, Port A bit 2RWHi-ZPINA1Input Pins, Port A bit 1RWHi-ZPINA0Input Pins, Port A bit 0RWHi-Z[PORTB:DDRB:PINB]io_port.bmpAVRSimIOPort.SimIOPortPORTBPort B Data Register$18$38io_port.bmpNPORTB7Port B Data Register bit 7RW0PORTB6Port B Data Register bit 6RW0PORTB5Port B Data Register bit 5RW0PORTB4Port B Data Register bit 4RW0PORTB3Port B Data Register bit 3RW0PORTB2Port B Data Register bit 2RW0PORTB1Port B Data Register bit 1RW0PORTB0Port B Data Register bit 0RW0DDRBPort B Data Direction Register$17$37io_flag.bmpNDDB7Port B Data Direction Register bit 7RW0DDB6Port B Data Direction Register bit 6RW0DDB5Port B Data Direction Register bit 5RW0DDB4Port B Data Direction Register bit 4RW0DDB3Port B Data Direction Register bit 3RW0DDB2Port B Data Direction Register bit 2RW0DDB1Port B Data Direction Register bit 1RW0DDB0Port B Data Direction Register bit 0RW0PINBPort B Input PinsThe Port B Input Pins address - PINB - is not a register, and this address enables access to the physical value on each Port B pin. When reading PORTB, the Port B Data Latch is read, and when reading PINB, the logical values present on the pins are read.$16$36io_port.bmpNPINB7Port B Input Pins bit 7R0PINB6Port B Input Pins bit 6R0PINB5Port B Input Pins bit 5R0PINB4Port B Input Pins bit 4R0PINB3Port B Input Pins bit 3R0PINB2Port B Input Pins bit 2R0PINB1Port B Input Pins bit 1R0PINB0Port B Input Pins bit 0R0[PORTC:DDRC:PINC]io_port.bmpAVRSimIOPort.SimIOPortPORTCPort C Data Register$15$35io_port.bmpNPORTC7Port C Data Register bit 7RW0PORTC6Port C Data Register bit 6RW0PORTC5Port C Data Register bit 5RW0PORTC4Port C Data Register bit 4RW0PORTC3Port C Data Register bit 3RW0PORTC2Port C Data Register bit 2RW0PORTC1Port C Data Register bit 1RW0PORTC0Port C Data Register bit 0RW0DDRCPort C Data Direction Register$14$34io_flag.bmpNDDC7Port C Data Direction Register bit 7RW0DDC6Port C Data Direction Register bit 6RW0DDC5Port C Data Direction Register bit 5RW0DDC4Port C Data Direction Register bit 4RW0DDC3Port C Data Direction Register bit 3RW0DDC2Port C Data Direction Register bit 2RW0DDC1Port C Data Direction Register bit 1RW0DDC0Port C Data Direction Register bit 0RW0PINCPort C Input PinsThe Port C Input Pins address - PINC - is not a register, and this address enables access to the physical value on each Port C pin. When reading PORTC, the Port C Data Latch is read, and when reading PINC, the logical values present on the pins are read.$13$33io_port.bmpNPINC7Port C Input Pins bit 7R0PINC6Port C Input Pins bit 6R0PINC5Port C Input Pins bit 5R0PINC4Port C Input Pins bit 4R0PINC3Port C Input Pins bit 3R0PINC2Port C Input Pins bit 2R0PINC1Port C Input Pins bit 1R0PINC0Port C Input Pins bit 0R0[PORTD:DDRD:PIND]io_port.bmpAVRSimIOPort.SimIOPortPORTDPort D Data Register$12$32io_port.bmpNPORTD7Port D Data Register bit 7RW0PORTD6Port D Data Register bit 6RW0PORTD5Port D Data Register bit 5RW0PORTD4Port D Data Register bit 4RW0PORTD3Port D Data Register bit 3RW0PORTD2Port D Data Register bit 2RW0PORTD1Port D Data Register bit 1RW0PORTD0Port D Data Register bit 0RW0DDRDPort D Data Direction Register$11$31io_flag.bmpNDDD7Port D Data Direction Register bit 7RW0DDD6Port D Data Direction Register bit 6RW0DDD5Port D Data Direction Register bit 5RW0DDD4Port D Data Direction Register bit 4RW0DDD3Port D Data Direction Register bit 3RW0DDD2Port D Data Direction Register bit 2RW0DDD1Port D Data Direction Register bit 1RW0DDD0Port D Data Direction Register bit 0RW0PINDPort D Input PinsThe Port D Input Pins address - PIND - is not a register, and this address enables access to the physical value on each Port D pin. When reading PORTD, the Port D Data Latch is read, and when reading PIND, the logical values present on the pins are read.$10$30io_port.bmpNPIND7Port D Input Pins bit 7R0PIND6Port D Input Pins bit 6R0PIND5Port D Input Pins bit 5R0PIND4Port D Input Pins bit 4R0PIND3Port D Input Pins bit 3R0PIND2Port D Input Pins bit 2R0PIND1Port D Input Pins bit 1R0PIND0Port D Input Pins bit 0R0[SFIOR:ACSR]io_analo.bmpAlgComp_01SFIORSpecial Function IO Register$30$50io_flag.bmpYACMEAnalog Comparator Multiplexer EnableWhen this bit is written logic one and the ADC is switched off (ADEN in ADCSR is zero), the ADC multiplexer selects the negative input to the Analog Comparator. When this bit is written logic zero, AIN1 is applied to the negative input of the Analog Comparator. For a detailed description of this bit, see “Analog Comparator Multiplexed Input” on page 186.RW0ACSRAnalog Comparator Control And Status Register$08$28io_analo.bmpYACDAnalog Comparator DisableWhen this bit is written logic one, the power to the analog comparator is switched off. This bit can be set at any time to turn off the analog comparator. This will reduce power consumption in active and idle mode. When changing the ACD bit, the Analog Comparator Interrupt must be disabled by clearing the ACIE bit in ACSR. Otherwise an interrupt can occur when the bit is changed.RW0ACBGAnalog Comparator Bandgap SelectWhen this bit is set, a fixed bandgap reference voltage replaces the positive input to the Analog Comparator. When this bit is cleared, AIN0 is applied to the positive input of the Analog Comparator. See “Internal Voltage Reference” on page 42.RW0ACOAnalog Compare OutputThe output of the analog comparator is synchronized and then directly connected to ACO. The synchronization introduces a delay of 1-2 clock cycles.RNAACIAnalog Comparator Interrupt FlagThis bit is set by hardware when a comparator output event triggers the interrupt mode defined by ACIS1 and ACIS0. The Analog Comparator Interrupt routine is executed if the ACIE bit is set and the I-bit in SREG is set. ACI is cleared by hard-ware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, ACI is cleared by writing a logic one to the flag.RW0ACIEAnalog Comparator Interrupt EnableWhen the ACIE bit is written logic one and the I-bit in the Status Register is set, the analog comparator interrupt is acti-vated. When written logic zero, the interrupt is disabled.RW0ACICAnalog Comparator Input Capture EnableWhen written logic one, this bit enables the Input Capture function in Timer/Counter1 to be triggered by the analog comparator. The comparator output is in this case directly connected to the Input Capture front-end logic, making the comparator utilize the noise canceler and edge select features of the Timer/Counter1 Input Capture interrupt. When written logic zero, no connection between the analog comparator and the Input Capture function exists. To make the comparator trigger the Timer/Counter1 Input Capture interrupt, the TICIE1 bit in the Timer Interrupt Mask Register (TIMSK) must be setRW0ACIS1Analog Comparator Interrupt Mode Select bit 1These bits determine which comparator events that trigger the Analog Comparator interrupt.RW0ACIS0Analog Comparator Interrupt Mode Select bit 0These bits determine which comparator events that trigger the Analog Comparator interrupt.RW0[ADMUX:ADCSR:ADCH:ADCL]((IF ADMUX.ADLAR = 1) LINK [ADCH(1:0):ADCL(7:0)]); (IF ADMUX.ADLAR = 0) LINK [ADCH(7:0):ADCL(7:6)]);io_analo.bmpAD Converter Feature list: 10-bit Resolution. 0.5 LSB Integral Non-Linearity. +-2 LSB Absolute Accuracy. TBD - 260 µs Conversion Time. Up to TBD kSPS at maximum resolution. 8 Multiplexed Single Ended Input Channels. 7 Differential input channels (TQFP package only). 2 Differential input channels with optional gain of 10x and 200x (TQFP package only). Optional left adjustment for ADC result readout. 0 - VCC ADC Input Voltage Range. Selectable 2.56 V ADC reference voltage. Free Running or Single Conversion Mode. Interrupt on ADC Conversion Complete. Sleep Mode NoiseADMUXThe ADC multiplexer Selection Register$07$27io_analo.bmpYREFS1Reference Selection Bit 1These bits select the voltage reference for the ADC, as shown in Table 91. If these bits are changed during a conversion, the change will not go in effect until this conversion is complete (ADIF in ADCSR is set). If differential channels are used, the selected reference should not be closer to AV CC than indicated in Table 94 on page 200. The internal voltage reference options may not be used if an external reference voltage is being applied to the AREF pin.RW0REFS0Reference Selection Bit 0These bits select the voltage reference for the ADC, as shown in Table 91. If these bits are changed during a conversion, the change will not go in effect until this conversion is complete (ADIF in ADCSR is set). If differential channels are used, the selected reference should not be closer to AV CC than indicated in Table 94 on page 200. The internal voltage reference options may not be used if an external reference voltage is being applied to the AREF pin.RW0ADLARLeft Adjust ResultThe ADLAR bit affects the presentation of the ADC conversion result in the ADC data register. If ADLAR is cleared, the result is right adjusted. If ADLAR is set, the result is left adjusted. Changing the ADLAR bit will affect the ADC data register immediately, regardless of any ongoing conversions. For a complete description of this bit, see “The ADC Data Register -ADCL and ADCH” on page 198. RW0MUX4Analog Channel and Gain Selection BitsThe value of these bits selects which combination of analog inputs are connected to the ADC. These bits also select the gain for the differential channels. See Table 92 for details. If these bits are changed during a conversion, the change will not go in effect until this conversion is complete (ADIF in ADCSR is set).RW0MUX3Analog Channel and Gain Selection BitsThe value of these bits selects which combination of analog inputs are connected to the ADC. These bits also select the gain for the differential channels. See Table 92 for details. If these bits are changed during a conversion, the change will not go in effect until this conversion is complete (ADIF in ADCSR is set).RW0MUX2Analog Channel and Gain Selection BitsThe value of these bits selects which combination of analog inputs are connected to the ADC. These bits also select the gain for the differential channels. See Table 92 for details. If these bits are changed during a conversion, the change will not go in effect until this conversion is complete (ADIF in ADCSR is set).RW0MUX1Analog Channel and Gain Selection BitsThe value of these bits selects which combination of analog inputs are connected to the ADC. These bits also select the gain for the differential channels. See Table 92 for details. If these bits are changed during a conversion, the change will not go in effect until this conversion is complete (ADIF in ADCSR is set).RW0MUX0Analog Channel and Gain Selection BitsThe value of these bits selects which combination of analog inputs are connected to the ADC. These bits also select the gain for the differential channels. See Table 92 for details. If these bits are changed during a conversion, the change will not go in effect until this conversion is complete (ADIF in ADCSR is set).RW0ADCSRADCSRAThe ADC Control and Status register$06$26io_flag.bmpYADENADC EnableWriting a logical ‘1’ to this bit enables the ADC. By clearing this bit to zero, the ADC is turned off. Turning the ADC off while a conversion is in progress, will terminate this conversion.RW0ADSCADC Start ConversionIn Single Conversion Mode, a logical ‘1’ must be written to this bit to start each conversion. In Free Running Mode, a logical ‘1’ must be written to this bit to start the first conversion. The first time ADSC has been written after the ADC has been enabled, or if ADSC is written at the same time as the ADC is enabled, an extended conversion will result. This extended conversion performs initialization of the ADC. ADSC will read as one as long as a conversion is in progress. When the conversion is complete, it returns to zero. When a dummy conversion precedes a real conversion, ADSC will stay high until the real conversion completes. Writing a 0 to this bit has no effectRW0ADFRADC Free Running SelectWhen this bit is set (one) the ADC operates in Free Running Mode. In this mode, the ADC samples and updates the data registers continuously. Clearing this bit (zero) will terminate Free Running Mode.RW0ADIFADC Interrupt FlagThis bit is set (one) when an ADC conversion completes and the data registers are updated. The ADC Conversion Complete Interrupt is executed if the ADIE bit and the I-bit in SREG are set (one). ADIF is cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, ADIF is cleared by writing a logical one to the flag. Beware that if doing a read-modify-write on ADCSR, a pending interrupt can be disabled. This also applies if the SBI and CBI instructions are used.RW0ADIEADC Interrupt EnableWhen this bit is set (one) and the I-bit in SREG is set (one), the ADC Conversion Complete Interrupt is activated.RW0ADPS2ADC Prescaler Select BitsThese bits determine the division factor between the XTAL frequency and the input clock to the ADC.RW0ADPS1ADC Prescaler Select BitsThese bits determine the division factor between the XTAL frequency and the input clock to the ADC.RW0ADPS0ADC Prescaler Select BitsThese bits determine the division factor between the XTAL frequency and the input clock to the ADC.RW0ADCHADC Data Register High ByteWhen an ADC conversion is complete, the result is found in these two registers. If differential channels are used, the result is presented in two’s complement form. The selected channel is differential if MUX4..0 are between ‘01000’ and ‘11101’, otherwise the selected channel is single ended. When ADCL is read, the ADC Data Register is not updated until ADCH is read. Consequently, if the result is left adjusted and no more than 8 bit precision (7 bit + sign bit for differential input channels) is required, it is sufficient to read ADCH. Otherwise, ADCL must be read first, then ADCH. The ADLAR bit in ADMUX, and the MUX4..0 bits in ADMUX affect the way the result is read from the registers. If ADLAR is set, the result is left adjusted. If ADLAR is cleared (default), the result is right adju$05$25io_analo.bmpNADCH7ADC Data Register High Byte Bit 7RW0ADCH6ADC Data Register High Byte Bit 6RW0ADCH5ADC Data Register High Byte Bit 5RW0ADCH4ADC Data Register High Byte Bit 4RW0ADCH3ADC Data Register High Byte Bit 3RW0ADCH2ADC Data Register High Byte Bit 2RW0ADCH1ADC Data Register High Byte Bit 1RW0ADCH0ADC Data Register High Byte Bit 0RW0ADCLADC Data Register Low ByteWhen an ADC conversion is complete, the result is found in these two registers. If differential channels are used, the result is presented in two’s complement form. The selected channel is differential if MUX4..0 are between ‘01000’ and ‘11101’, otherwise the selected channel is single ended. When ADCL is read, the ADC Data Register is not updated until ADCH is read. Consequently, if the result is left adjusted and no more than 8 bit precision (7 bit + sign bit for differential input channels) is required, it is sufficient to read ADCH. Otherwise, ADCL must be read first, then ADCH. The ADLAR bit in ADMUX, and the MUX4..0 bits in ADMUX affect the way the result is read from the registers. If ADLAR is set, the result is left adjusted. If ADLAR is cleared (default), the result is right ad$04$24io_analo.bmpNADCL7ADC Data Register Low Byte Bit 7RW0ADCL6ADC Data Register Low Byte Bit 6RW0ADCL5ADC Data Register Low Byte Bit 5RW0ADCL4ADC Data Register Low Byte Bit 4RW0ADCL3ADC Data Register Low Byte Bit 3RW0ADCL2ADC Data Register Low Byte Bit 2RW0ADCL1ADC Data Register Low Byte Bit 1RW0ADCL0ADC Data Register Low Byte Bit 0RW0[GIMSK:GIFR]io_ext.bmpGIMSKGeneral Interrupt Mask Register$3B$5Bio_flag.bmpYINT1External Interrupt Request 1 EnableWhen the INT1 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register (SREG) is set (one), the external pin interrupt is enabled. The Interrupt Sense Control1 bits 1/0 (ISC11 and ISC10) in the MCU general Control Register (MCUCR) defines whether the external interrupt is activated on rising or falling edge of the INT1 pin or level sensed. Activity on the pin will cause an interrupt request even if INT1 is configured as an output. The corresponding interrupt of External Interrupt Request 1 is executed from program memory address $002. See also “External Interrupts”.RW0INT0External Interrupt Request 0 EnableWhen the INT0 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register (SREG) is set (one), the external pin interrupt is enabled. The Interrupt Sense Control0 bits 1/0 (ISC01 and ISC00) in the MCU general Control Register (MCUCR) defines whether the external interrupt is activated on rising or falling edge of the INT0 pin or level sensed. Activity on the pin will cause an interrupt request even if INT0 is configured as an output. The corresponding interrupt of External Interrupt Request 0 is executed from program memory address $001. See also “External Interrupts.” • Bits 5..0 - Res: Reserved bitsRW0GIFRGeneral Interrupt Flag register$3A$5Aio_flag.bmpYINTF1External Interrupt Flag 1When an event on the INT1 pin triggers an interrupt request, INTF1 becomes set (one). If the I-bit in SREG and the INT1 bit in GIMSK are set (one), the MCU will jump to the interrupt vector at address $002. The flag is cleared when the interrupt routine is executed. Alternatively, the flag can be cleared by writing a logical one to it.RW0INTF0External Interrupt Flag 0When an event on the INT0 pin triggers an interrupt request, INTF0 becomes set (one). If the I-bit in SREG and the INT0 bit in GIMSK are set (one), the MCU will jump to the interrupt vector at address $001. The flag is cleared when the interrupt routine is executed. Alternatively, the flag can be cleared by writing a logical one to it. RW0[SPMCR]io_cpu.bmpThe Boot Loader Support provides a mechanism for downloading and uploading program code by the MCU itself. This feature allows flexible application software updates controlled by the MCU using a Flash-resident Boot Loader program. The Boot Loader program can use any available data interface and associated proto-col to read code and write (program) that code into the Flash memory, or read the code from the program memory. The program code within the Boot Loader section has the capability to write into the entire Flash, including the Boot Loader Memory. The Boot Loader can thus even modify itself, and it can also erase itself from the code if the feature is not needed anymore. The size of the Boot Loader Memory is configurable with fuses and the Boot Loader has two separate sets of Boot Lock Bits which can be set independently. This gives the user a unique flexibility to select different levels of protection.SPMCRStore Program Memory Control RegisterThe Store Program Memory Control Register contains the control bits needed to control the Boot Loader operations.$37$57io_flag.bmpYASBApplication section busyApplication section busyR0ASREApplication section read enableApplication section read enableRW0BLBSETBoot Lock Bit SetIf this bit is written to one at the same time as SPMEN, the next SPM instruction within four clock cycles sets Boot Lock bits, according to the data in R0. The data in R1 and the address in the Z pointer are ignored. The BLBSET bit will automatically be cleared upon completion of the lock bit set, or if no SPM instruction is executed within four clock cycles. An LPM instruction within three cycles after BLBSET and SPMEN are set in the SPMCR register, will read either the Lock-bits or the Fuse bits (depending on Z0 in the Z pointer) into the destination register. See “Reading the Fuse and Lock Bits from Software” on page 235 for detRW0PGWRTPage WriteIf this bit is written to one at the same time as SPMEN, the next SPM instruction within four clock cycles executes page write, with the data stored in the temporary buffer. The page address is taken from the high part of the Z pointer. The data in R1 and R0 are ignored. The PGWRT bit will auto-clear upon completion of a page write, or if no SPM instruction is exe-cuted within four clock cycles. The CPU is halted during the entire page write operation if the NRWW section is addressed.RW0PGERSPage EraseIf this bit is written to one at the same time as SPMEN, the next SPM instruction within four clock cycles executes page erase. The page address is taken from the high part of the Z pointer. The data in R1 and R0 are ignored. The PGERS bit will auto-clear upon completion of a page erase, or if no SPM instruction is executed within four clock cycles. The CPU is halted during the entire page write operation if the NRWW section is addressed.RW0SPMENStore Program Memory EnableThis bit enables the SPM instruction for the next four clock cycles. If written to one together with either RWWSRE, BLB-SET, PGWRT or PGERS, the following SPM instruction will have a special meaning, see description above. If only SPMEN is written, the following SPM instruction will store the value in R1:R0 in the temporary page buffer addressed by the Z pointer. The LSB of the Z pointer is ignored. The SPMEN bit will auto-clear upon completion of an SPM instruction, or if no SPM instruction is executed within four clock cycles. During page erase and page write, the SPMEN bit remain high until the operation is completed. Writing any other combination than “10001”, "01001", "00101", "00011" or "00001" in the lower five bits will have no eRW0[SIMULATOR:STK500:STK500_2]AVRSimCoreV2.SimCoreV2AVRSimMemory8bit.SimMemory8bitAVRSimInterrupt.SimInterrupt0x1e011AVRSimIOPort.SimIOPortNAVRSimIOPort.SimIOPortNAVRSimIOPort.SimIOPortNAVRSimIOPort.SimIOPortNAVRSimIOExtInterrupt.SimIOExtInterrupt0x020x3B0x400x3A0x400x100x040x350x03AVRSimIOExtInterrupt.SimIOExtInterrupt0x040x3B0x800x3A0x800x100x080x350x0cAVRSimIOTimert81.SimIOTimert810x120x160x01AVRSimIOTimert16pwm1.SimIOTimert16pwm10x0A0x0C0x0E0x100x160x020x100x400x100x200x100x10AVRSimIOTimert8pwm1.SimIOTimert8pwm10x060x080x180x800x100x80AVRSimIOSpi.SimIOSpi0x140x160x800x160x400x160x200x160x170x10AVRSimIOUart.SimIOUart0x160x1A0x180x100x020x100x01AVRSimAC.SimIOAC0x200x990xff0xe10xff0x811110xFF0xFF0xFF02001002532030x53113300x1164200x400x4C0x200xFF0x000x0412850xC00x000xA00xFF0xFF25625644440x0E 0x1E 0x0F 0x1F 0x2E 0x3E 0x2F 0x3F 0x4E 0x5E 0x4F 0x5F 0x6E 0x7E 0x6F 0x7F 0x66 0x76 0x67 0x77 0x6A 0x7A 0x6B 0x7B 0xBE 0xFD 0x00 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x001000000001515030150x0F25625650x002562560202