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% Version 3.3.2 prologue for troff files.
%

/#copies 1 store
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/I  /Times-Italic def
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/NR /NewCenturySchlbk-Roman def
/NI /NewCenturySchlbk-Italic def
/NB /NewCenturySchlbk-Bold def
/NX /NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic def
/ZD /ZapfDingbats def
/ZI /ZapfChancery-MediumItalic def
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%
% A few arrays used to adjust reference points and character widths in some
% of the printer resident fonts. If square roots are too high try changing
% the lines describing /radical and /radicalex to,
%
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%	/radicalex	[-50 -75 500 0]
%
% Move braceleftbt a bit - default PostScript character is off a bit.
%

/Sdefs [
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	/bracketrighttp		[-81 380]
	/bracketrightbt		[-83 380]
	/braceleftbt		[203 490]
	/bracketrightex		[220 -125 500 0]
	/radical		[0 0 550 0]
	/radicalex		[-50 0 500 0]
	/parenleftex		[-20 -170 0 0]
	/integral		[100 -50 500 0]
	/infinity		[10 -75 730 0]
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/S1defs [
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	/endash			[7 90 650 0]
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%
% Tries to round clipping path dimensions, as stored in array pagebbox, so they
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/roundpagebbox {
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%%EndProlog
%%BeginSetup
mark
%
% Encoding vector and redefinition of findfont for the ISO Latin1 standard.
% The 18 characters missing from ROM based fonts on older printers are noted
% below.
%

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	/braceleft
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	/brokenbar		% missing
	/section
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	/guillemotleft
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	/hyphen
	/registered
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	/degree			% missing
	/plusminus		% missing
	/twosuperior		% missing
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	/acute
	/mu			% missing
	/paragraph
	/periodcentered
	/cedilla
	/onesuperior		% missing
	/ordmasculine
	/guillemotright
	/onequarter		% missing
	/onehalf		% missing
	/threequarters		% missing
	/questiondown
	/Agrave
	/Aacute
	/Acircumflex
	/Atilde
	/Adieresis
	/Aring
	/AE
	/Ccedilla
	/Egrave
	/Eacute
	/Ecircumflex
	/Edieresis
	/Igrave
	/Iacute
	/Icircumflex
	/Idieresis
	/Eth			% missing
	/Ntilde
	/Ograve
	/Oacute
	/Ocircumflex
	/Otilde
	/Odieresis
	/multiply		% missing
	/Oslash
	/Ugrave
	/Uacute
	/Ucircumflex
	/Udieresis
	/Yacute			% missing
	/Thorn			% missing
	/germandbls
	/agrave
	/aacute
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	/aring
	/ae
	/ccedilla
	/egrave
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	/ecircumflex
	/edieresis
	/igrave
	/iacute
	/icircumflex
	/idieresis
	/eth			% missing
	/ntilde
	/ograve
	/oacute
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	/otilde
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	/divide			% missing
	/oslash
	/ugrave
	/uacute
	/ucircumflex
	/udieresis
	/yacute			% missing
	/thorn			% missing
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/NewFontDirectory FontDirectory maxlength dict def

%
% Apparently no guarantee findfont is defined in systemdict so the obvious
%
%	systemdict /findfont get exec
%
% can generate an error. So far the only exception is a VT600 (version 48.0).
%

userdict /@RealFindfont known not {
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} if

/findfont {
	dup NewFontDirectory exch known not {
		dup
		%dup systemdict /findfont get exec	% not always in systemdict
		dup userdict /@RealFindfont get exec
		dup /Encoding get StandardEncoding eq {
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				{1 index /FID ne {def}{pop pop} ifelse} forall
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			/DummyFontName exch definefont
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		NewFontDirectory 3 1 roll put
	} if
	NewFontDirectory exch get
} bind def

setup
%%EndSetup
%%Page: 1 1
/saveobj save def
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1 pagesetup
12 /Times-Bold f
(Pamscale) 2290 1230 w
(User) 2800 1230 w
(Manual) 3069 1230 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 720 1920 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(Updated: 18 February 2005) 720 2076 w
(Table Of Contents) 720 2196 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(NAME) 720 2436 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(pamscale \255 scale a Netpbm image) 720 2592 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(SYNOPSIS) 720 2832 w
(pamscale) 795 3048 w
10 /Times-Roman f
([) 870 3168 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(scale) 945 3288 w
10 /S f
(_) 1150 3288 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(factor) 1200 3288 w
10 /S f
(\357) 945 3408 w
10 /Times-Roman f
({) 945 3528 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255xyfit) 993 3528 w
10 /Times-Roman f
10 /S f
(\357) 1245 3528 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255xyfill) 1319 3528 w
10 /Times-Roman f
10 /S f
(\357) 1594 3528 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255xysize) 1668 3528 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(}) 1956 3528 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(cols rows) 2029 3528 w
10 /S f
(\357) 945 3648 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255reduce) 945 3768 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(reduction) 1291 3768 w
10 /S f
(_) 1674 3768 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(factor) 1724 3768 w
10 /S f
(\357) 945 3888 w
10 /Times-Roman f
([) 945 4008 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255xsize=) 978 4008 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(cols) 1273 4008 w
10 /Times-Roman f
10 /S f
(\357) 1459 4008 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255width=) 1533 4008 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(cols) 1868 4008 w
10 /Times-Roman f
10 /S f
(\357) 2054 4008 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255xscale=) 2128 4008 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(factor) 2473 4008 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(]) 2712 4008 w
([) 945 4128 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255ysize=) 978 4128 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(rows) 1273 4128 w
10 /Times-Roman f
10 /S f
(\357) 1493 4128 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255height=) 1567 4128 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(rows) 1924 4128 w
10 /Times-Roman f
10 /S f
(\357) 2144 4128 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255yscale=) 2218 4128 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(factor) 2563 4128 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(]) 2802 4128 w
10 /S f
(\357) 945 4248 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255pixels) 945 4368 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(n) 1248 4368 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(]) 870 4488 w
([) 870 4608 w
([) 945 4728 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255verbose) 978 4728 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(]) 1338 4728 w
([) 945 4848 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255nomix) 1020 4968 w
10 /S f
(\357) 1020 5088 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255filter=) 1020 5208 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(functionName) 1320 5208 w
10 /Times-Roman f
([) 1906 5208 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255window=) 1939 5208 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(functionName]) 2363 5208 w
(]) 945 5328 w
([) 945 5448 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255linear) 978 5448 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(]) 1261 5448 w
(}) 870 5568 w
([) 870 5688 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(pnmfile) 903 5688 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(]) 1203 5688 w
(<?makeman .SH OPTION USAGE ?>) 720 5868 w
(Minimum) 720 6024 w
(unique) 1162 6024 w
(abbreviation) 1475 6024 w
(of) 2015 6024 w
(option) 2140 6024 w
(is) 2438 6024 w
(acceptable.) 2547 6024 w
(You) 3059 6024 w
(may) 3273 6024 w
(use) 3487 6024 w
(double) 3662 6024 w
(hyphens) 3976 6024 w
(instead) 4351 6024 w
(of) 4676 6024 w
(single) 4801 6024 w
(hyphen) 720 6144 w
(to) 1042 6144 w
(denote) 1148 6144 w
(options.) 1442 6144 w
(You) 1815 6144 w
(may) 2015 6144 w
(use) 2215 6144 w
(white) 2376 6144 w
(space) 2626 6144 w
(in) 2875 6144 w
(place) 2981 6144 w
(of) 3219 6144 w
(the) 3330 6144 w
(equals) 3480 6144 w
(sign) 3763 6144 w
(to) 3958 6144 w
(separate) 4064 6144 w
(an) 4418 6144 w
(option) 4540 6144 w
(name) 4824 6144 w
(from its value.) 720 6264 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(DESCRIPTION) 720 6504 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(This program is part of Netpbm.) 720 6696 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 720 6852 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(scales) 1141 6852 w
(a) 1406 6852 w
(Netpbm) 1477 6852 w
(image) 1826 6852 w
(by) 2097 6852 w
(a) 2224 6852 w
(specified) 2295 6852 w
(factor,) 2682 6852 w
(or) 2966 6852 w
(scales) 3076 6852 w
(individually) 3341 6852 w
(horizontally) 3852 6852 w
(and) 4363 6852 w
(vertically) 4535 6852 w
(by) 4940 6852 w
(specified factors.) 720 6972 w
(You can either enlarge \(scale factor > 1\) or reduce \(scale factor < 1\).) 720 7128 w
cleartomark
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saveobj restore
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%%Page: 2 2
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2 pagesetup
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(\255 2 \255) 2797 480 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(The Scale Factors) 720 840 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(When) 720 1032 w
(you) 994 1032 w
(specify) 1180 1032 w
(an) 1504 1032 w
(absolute) 1634 1032 w
(size) 2003 1032 w
(or) 2194 1032 w
(scale) 2313 1032 w
(factor) 2548 1032 w
(for) 2816 1032 w
(both) 2968 1032 w
(dimensions,) 3182 1032 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 3699 1032 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(scales) 4129 1032 w
(each) 4404 1032 w
(dimension) 4623 1032 w
(independently without consideration of the aspect ratio.) 720 1152 w
(If) 720 1308 w
(you) 821 1308 w
(specify) 1006 1308 w
(one) 1329 1308 w
(dimension) 1508 1308 w
(as) 1960 1308 w
(a) 2079 1308 w
(pixel) 2159 1308 w
(size) 2395 1308 w
(and) 2586 1308 w
(don't) 2766 1308 w
(specify) 3013 1308 w
(the) 3337 1308 w
(other) 3495 1308 w
(dimension,) 3736 1308 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 4214 1308 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(scales) 4644 1308 w
(the) 4918 1308 w
(unspecified dimension to preserve the aspect ratio.) 720 1428 w
(If) 720 1584 w
(you) 816 1584 w
(specify) 996 1584 w
(one) 1314 1584 w
(dimension) 1488 1584 w
(as) 1935 1584 w
(a) 2048 1584 w
(scale) 2122 1584 w
(factor) 2352 1584 w
(and) 2615 1584 w
(don't) 2790 1584 w
(specify) 3032 1584 w
(the) 3351 1584 w
(other) 3504 1584 w
(dimension,) 3740 1584 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 4213 1584 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(leaves) 4638 1584 w
(the) 4918 1584 w
(unspecified dimension unchanged from the input.) 720 1704 w
(If) 720 1860 w
(you) 825 1860 w
(specify) 1014 1860 w
(the) 1341 1860 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(scale) 1502 1860 w
10 /S f
(_) 1707 1860 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(factor) 1757 1860 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(parameter) 2035 1860 w
(instead) 2473 1860 w
(of) 2796 1860 w
(dimension) 2919 1860 w
(options,) 3376 1860 w
(that) 3736 1860 w
(is) 3926 1860 w
(the) 4033 1860 w
(scale) 4195 1860 w
(factor) 4434 1860 w
(for) 4706 1860 w
(both) 4862 1860 w
(dimensions.) 720 1980 w
(It is equivalent to) 1251 1980 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255xscale=) 1973 1980 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(scale) 2318 1980 w
10 /S f
(_) 2523 1980 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(factor) 2573 1980 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255yscale=) 2837 1980 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(scale) 3182 1980 w
10 /S f
(_) 3387 1980 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(factor) 3437 1980 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(.) 3676 1980 w
(Specifying) 720 2136 w
(the) 1196 2136 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255reduce) 1361 2136 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(reduction) 1725 2136 w
10 /S f
(_) 2108 2136 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(factor) 2158 2136 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(option) 2440 2136 w
(is) 2739 2136 w
(equivalent) 2849 2136 w
(to) 3308 2136 w
(specifying) 3429 2136 w
(the) 3888 2136 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(scale) 4054 2136 w
10 /S f
(_) 4259 2136 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(factor) 4309 2136 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(parameter,) 4617 2136 w
(where) 720 2256 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(scale) 988 2256 w
10 /S f
(_) 1193 2256 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(factor) 1243 2256 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(is the reciprocal of) 1507 2256 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(reduction) 2277 2256 w
10 /S f
(_) 2660 2256 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(factor) 2710 2256 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(.) 2949 2256 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255xyfit) 720 2412 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(specifies a) 972 2412 w
(bounding) 1416 2412 w
(box.) 1820 2412 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 2046 2412 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(scales) 2466 2412 w
(the) 2730 2412 w
(input) 2878 2412 w
(image) 3110 2412 w
(to) 3380 2412 w
(the) 3484 2412 w
(largest) 3632 2412 w
(size) 3924 2412 w
(that) 4105 2412 w
(fits) 4281 2412 w
(within) 4435 2412 w
(the) 4717 2412 w
(box,) 4865 2412 w
(while) 720 2532 w
(preserving) 983 2532 w
(its) 1445 2532 w
(aspect) 1581 2532 w
(ratio.) 1871 2532 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255xysize) 2144 2532 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(is) 2472 2532 w
(a) 2579 2532 w
(synonym) 2663 2532 w
(for) 3070 2532 w
(this.) 3226 2532 w
(Before) 3461 2532 w
(Netpbm) 3772 2532 w
(10.20) 4134 2532 w
(\(January) 4399 2532 w
(2004\),) 4782 2532 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255xyfit) 720 2652 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(did not exist, but) 972 2652 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255xysize) 1670 2652 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(did.) 1983 2652 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255xyfill) 720 2808 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(is) 1007 2808 w
(similar,) 1111 2808 w
(but) 1451 2808 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 1616 2808 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(scales) 2047 2808 w
(the) 2322 2808 w
(input) 2481 2808 w
(image) 2724 2808 w
(to) 3006 2808 w
(the) 3122 2808 w
(smallest) 3282 2808 w
(size) 3648 2808 w
(that) 3841 2808 w
(completely) 4029 2808 w
(fills) 4511 2808 w
(the) 4705 2808 w
(box,) 4865 2808 w
(while preserving its aspect ratio.) 720 2928 w
(This option has existed since Netpbm 10.20 \(January 2004\).) 2065 2928 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255pixels) 720 3084 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(specifies) 1027 3084 w
(a) 1405 3084 w
(maximum) 1478 3084 w
(total) 1913 3084 w
(number) 2120 3084 w
(of) 2454 3084 w
(output) 2566 3084 w
(pixels.) 2852 3084 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 3171 3084 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(scales) 3595 3084 w
(the) 3863 3084 w
(image) 4015 3084 w
(down) 4289 3084 w
(to) 4541 3084 w
(that) 4649 3084 w
(num\255) 4829 3084 w
(ber) 720 3204 w
(of) 878 3204 w
(pixels.) 992 3204 w
(If) 1312 3204 w
(the) 1409 3204 w
(input) 1562 3204 w
(image) 1799 3204 w
(is) 2074 3204 w
(already) 2172 3204 w
(no) 2496 3204 w
(more) 2627 3204 w
(than) 2863 3204 w
(that) 3066 3204 w
(many) 3247 3204 w
(pixels,) 3500 3204 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 3795 3204 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(just) 4220 3204 w
(copies) 4395 3204 w
(it) 4680 3204 w
(as) 4766 3204 w
(out\255) 4879 3204 w
(put;) 720 3324 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 901 3324 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(does not scale up with) 1320 3324 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255pixels) 2233 3324 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(.) 2511 3324 w
(If) 720 3480 w
(you) 813 3480 w
(enlarge) 990 3480 w
(by) 1310 3480 w
(a) 1437 3480 w
(factor) 1508 3480 w
(of) 1767 3480 w
(3) 1877 3480 w
(or) 1954 3480 w
(more,) 2064 3480 w
(you) 2322 3480 w
(should) 2500 3480 w
(probably) 2795 3480 w
(add) 3178 3480 w
(a) 3350 3480 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(pnmsmooth) 3422 3480 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(step;) 3911 3480 w
(otherwise,) 4128 3480 w
(you) 4569 3480 w
(can) 4747 3480 w
(see) 4913 3480 w
(the original pixels in the resulting image.) 720 3600 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(Usage Notes) 720 3840 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(A) 720 4032 w
(useful) 830 4032 w
(application) 1112 4032 w
(of) 1594 4032 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 1715 4032 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(is) 2147 4032 w
(to) 2252 4032 w
(blur) 2368 4032 w
(an) 2567 4032 w
(image.) 2699 4032 w
(Scale) 3031 4032 w
(it) 3285 4032 w
(down) 3379 4032 w
(\(without) 3639 4032 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255nomix) 4016 4032 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(\)) 4316 4032 w
(to) 4387 4032 w
(discard) 4503 4032 w
(some) 4829 4032 w
(information, then scale it back up using) 720 4152 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamstretch) 2324 4152 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(.) 2806 4152 w
(Or) 720 4308 w
(scale) 854 4308 w
(it) 1082 4308 w
(back) 1167 4308 w
(up) 1384 4308 w
(with) 1513 4308 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 1720 4308 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(and) 2143 4308 w
(create) 2316 4308 w
(a) 2582 4308 w
("pixelized") 2655 4308 w
(image,) 3132 4308 w
(which) 3430 4308 w
(is) 3704 4308 w
(sort) 3801 4308 w
(of) 3981 4308 w
(a) 4094 4308 w
(computer\255age) 4168 4308 w
(version) 4746 4308 w
(of blurring.) 720 4428 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(Transparency) 720 4668 w
(pamscale) 720 4860 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(understands transparency and properly mixes pixels considering the pixels' transparency.) 1139 4860 w
(Proper) 720 5016 w
(mixing) 1025 5016 w
(does) 1348 5016 w
(not) 1570 5016 w
(mean) 1737 5016 w
(just) 1992 5016 w
(mixing) 2176 5016 w
(the) 2499 5016 w
(transparency) 2660 5016 w
(value) 3208 5016 w
(and) 3463 5016 w
(the) 3646 5016 w
(color) 3807 5016 w
(component) 4051 5016 w
(values) 4535 5016 w
(sepa\255) 4830 5016 w
(rately.) 720 5136 w
(In) 1023 5136 w
(a) 1132 5136 w
(PAM) 1202 5136 w
(image,) 1445 5136 w
(a) 1740 5136 w
(pixel) 1810 5136 w
(which) 2036 5136 w
(is) 2306 5136 w
(not) 2399 5136 w
(opaque) 2553 5136 w
(represents) 2867 5136 w
(a) 3297 5136 w
(color) 3367 5136 w
(that) 3598 5136 w
(contains) 3774 5136 w
(light of the foreground) 4133 5136 w
(color) 720 5256 w
(indicated) 952 5256 w
(explicitly) 1345 5256 w
(in) 1750 5256 w
(the) 1855 5256 w
(PAM) 2004 5256 w
(and) 2248 5256 w
(light) 2419 5256 w
(of) 2630 5256 w
(a) 2740 5256 w
(background) 2811 5256 w
(color) 3309 5256 w
(to) 3541 5256 w
(be) 3647 5256 w
(named) 3769 5256 w
(later.) 4063 5256 w
(But) 4318 5256 w
(the) 4491 5256 w
(numerical) 4641 5256 w
(scale) 720 5376 w
(of) 945 5376 w
(a) 1054 5376 w
(color) 1124 5376 w
(component) 1355 5376 w
(sample) 1825 5376 w
(in) 2134 5376 w
(a) 2238 5376 w
(PAM) 2308 5376 w
(is) 2551 5376 w
(as) 2644 5376 w
(if) 2753 5376 w
(the) 2840 5376 w
(pixel) 2988 5376 w
(is) 3214 5376 w
(opaque.) 3307 5376 w
(So a pixel that is supposed to con\255) 3671 5376 w
(tain) 720 5496 w
(half\255strength) 901 5496 w
(red) 1442 5496 w
(light) 1600 5496 w
(for) 1815 5496 w
(the) 1962 5496 w
(foreground) 2115 5496 w
(plus) 2589 5496 w
(some) 2787 5496 w
(light) 3029 5496 w
(from) 3244 5496 w
(the) 3469 5496 w
(background) 3622 5496 w
(has) 4124 5496 w
(a) 4288 5496 w
(red) 4363 5496 w
(color) 4521 5496 w
(sample) 4757 5496 w
(that) 720 5616 w
(says) 898 5616 w
(full) 1097 5616 w
(red) 1263 5616 w
(and) 1417 5616 w
(a) 1588 5616 w
(transparency) 1659 5616 w
(sample) 2195 5616 w
(that) 2505 5616 w
(says) 2682 5616 w
(50%) 2881 5616 w
(opaque.) 3091 5616 w
(In) 3456 5616 w
(order) 3566 5616 w
(to) 3803 5616 w
(mix) 3908 5616 w
(pixels,) 4091 5616 w
(you) 4382 5616 w
(have) 4559 5616 w
(to) 4774 5616 w
(first) 4879 5616 w
(convert) 720 5736 w
(the) 1058 5736 w
(color) 1219 5736 w
(sample) 1463 5736 w
(values) 1785 5736 w
(to) 2079 5736 w
(numbers) 2196 5736 w
(that) 2579 5736 w
(represent) 2768 5736 w
(amount) 3172 5736 w
(of) 3511 5736 w
(light) 3634 5736 w
(directly) 3858 5736 w
(\(i.e.) 4203 5736 w
(multiply) 4398 5736 w
(by) 4778 5736 w
(the) 4918 5736 w
(opaqueness\) and after mixing, convert back \(divide by the opaqueness\).) 720 5856 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(Input And Output Image Types) 720 6096 w
(pamscale) 720 6288 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(produces) 1145 6288 w
(output) 1536 6288 w
(of) 1823 6288 w
(the) 1937 6288 w
(same) 2090 6288 w
(type) 2326 6288 w
(\(and) 2529 6288 w
(tuple) 2737 6288 w
(type) 2968 6288 w
(if) 3171 6288 w
(the) 3263 6288 w
(type) 3416 6288 w
(is) 3620 6288 w
(PAM\)) 3719 6288 w
(as) 4001 6288 w
(the) 4116 6288 w
(input,) 4270 6288 w
(except) 4533 6288 w
(if) 4825 6288 w
(the) 4918 6288 w
(input) 720 6408 w
(is PBM.) 952 6408 w
(In that case, the output is PGM with maxval 255.) 1331 6408 w
(The purpose of this is to allow meaningful) 3344 6408 w
(pixel) 720 6528 w
(mixing.) 952 6528 w
(Note) 1318 6528 w
(that) 1544 6528 w
(there) 1726 6528 w
(is) 1957 6528 w
(no) 2056 6528 w
(equivalent) 2188 6528 w
(exception) 2636 6528 w
(when) 3056 6528 w
(the) 3304 6528 w
(input) 3458 6528 w
(is) 3697 6528 w
(PAM.) 3797 6528 w
(If) 4097 6528 w
(the) 4196 6528 w
(PAM) 4351 6528 w
(input) 4601 6528 w
(tuple) 4840 6528 w
(type) 720 6648 w
(is) 933 6648 w
(BLACKANDWHITE,) 1041 6648 w
(the) 1983 6648 w
(PAM) 2146 6648 w
(output) 2404 6648 w
(tuple) 2701 6648 w
(type) 2942 6648 w
(is) 3155 6648 w
(also) 3262 6648 w
(BLACKANDWHITE,) 3463 6648 w
(and) 4404 6648 w
(you) 4588 6648 w
(get) 4778 6648 w
(no) 4940 6648 w
(meaningful pixel mixing.) 720 6768 w
(If) 720 6924 w
(you) 816 6924 w
(want) 996 6924 w
(PBM) 1220 6924 w
(output) 1462 6924 w
(with) 1748 6924 w
(PBM) 1956 6924 w
(input,) 2198 6924 w
(use) 2459 6924 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamditherbw) 2622 6924 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(to) 3230 6924 w
(convert) 3338 6924 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 3667 6924 w
10 /Times-Roman f
('s) 4061 6924 w
(output) 4163 6924 w
(to) 4449 6924 w
(PBM.) 4558 6924 w
(Also) 4851 6924 w
(consider) 720 7044 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pbmreduce) 1083 7044 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(.) 1566 7044 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 720 7200 w
10 /Times-Roman f
('s) 1114 7200 w
(function) 1234 7200 w
(is) 1615 7200 w
(essentially) 1730 7200 w
(undefined) 2200 7200 w
(for) 2647 7200 w
(PAM) 2811 7200 w
(input) 3076 7200 w
(images) 3330 7200 w
(that) 3661 7200 w
(are) 3860 7200 w
(not) 4030 7200 w
(of) 4207 7200 w
(tuple) 4339 7200 w
(type) 4588 7200 w
(RGB,) 4809 7200 w
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
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/saveobj save def
mark
3 pagesetup
10 /Times-Roman f
(\255 3 \255) 2797 480 w
(GRAYSCALE,) 720 840 w
(BLACKANDWHITE,) 1385 840 w
(or) 2326 840 w
(the) 2449 840 w
10 /S f
(_) 2611 840 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(ALPHA) 2661 840 w
(variations) 3034 840 w
(of) 3468 840 w
(those.) 3591 840 w
(\(By) 3892 840 w
(standard) 4081 840 w
(Netpbm) 4458 840 w
(back\255) 4819 840 w
(ward compatibility, this includes PBM, PGM, and PPM images\).) 720 960 w
(You) 720 1116 w
(might) 928 1116 w
(think) 1198 1116 w
(it) 1440 1116 w
(would) 1532 1116 w
(have) 1818 1116 w
(an) 2042 1116 w
(obvious) 2173 1116 w
(effect) 2527 1116 w
(on) 2790 1116 w
(other) 2927 1116 w
(tuple) 3169 1116 w
(types,) 3406 1116 w
(but) 3679 1116 w
(remember) 3844 1116 w
(that) 4285 1116 w
(the) 4472 1116 w
(aforemen\255) 4631 1116 w
(tioned) 720 1236 w
(tuple) 1011 1236 w
(types) 1252 1236 w
(have) 1504 1236 w
(gamma\255adjusted) 1733 1236 w
(sample) 2433 1236 w
(values,) 2756 1236 w
(and) 3076 1236 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 3260 1236 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(uses) 3694 1236 w
(that) 3906 1236 w
(fact) 4096 1236 w
(in) 4285 1236 w
(its) 4403 1236 w
(calculations.) 4538 1236 w
(And it treats a transparency plane different from any other plane.) 720 1356 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 720 1512 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(does) 1144 1512 w
(not) 1357 1512 w
(simply) 1515 1512 w
(reject) 1818 1512 w
(unrecognized) 2069 1512 w
(tuple) 2636 1512 w
(types) 2866 1512 w
(because) 3107 1512 w
(there's) 3452 1512 w
(a) 3753 1512 w
(possibility) 3827 1512 w
(that) 4275 1512 w
(just) 4456 1512 w
(by) 4632 1512 w
(coinci\255) 4763 1512 w
(dence) 720 1632 w
(you) 981 1632 w
(can) 1160 1632 w
(get) 1327 1632 w
(useful) 1477 1632 w
(function) 1749 1632 w
(out) 2110 1632 w
(of) 2266 1632 w
(it) 2377 1632 w
(with) 2461 1632 w
(some) 2667 1632 w
(other) 2906 1632 w
(tuple) 3139 1632 w
(type) 3367 1632 w
(and) 3567 1632 w
(the) 3739 1632 w
(right) 3889 1632 w
(combination) 4106 1632 w
(of) 4634 1632 w
(options) 4745 1632 w
(\(consider) 720 1752 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255linear) 1116 1752 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(in particular\).) 1424 1752 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(Methods Of Scaling) 720 1992 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(There) 720 2184 w
(are) 989 2184 w
(numerous) 1147 2184 w
(ways) 1578 2184 w
(to) 1820 2184 w
(scale) 1935 2184 w
(an) 2171 2184 w
(image.) 2302 2184 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 2633 2184 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(implements) 3064 2184 w
(a) 3568 2184 w
(bunch) 3649 2184 w
(of) 3930 2184 w
(them;) 4050 2184 w
(you) 4315 2184 w
(select) 4503 2184 w
(among) 4768 2184 w
(them with invocation options.) 720 2304 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(Pixel Mixing) 720 2544 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(Pamscale's) 720 2736 w
(default) 1199 2736 w
(method) 1506 2736 w
(is) 1836 2736 w
(pixel) 1933 2736 w
(mixing.) 2163 2736 w
(To) 2527 2736 w
(understand) 2668 2736 w
(this,) 3136 2736 w
(imagine) 3336 2736 w
(the) 3688 2736 w
(source) 3841 2736 w
(image) 4132 2736 w
(as) 4407 2736 w
(composed) 4521 2736 w
(of) 4957 2736 w
(square) 720 2856 w
(tiles.) 1007 2856 w
(Each) 1251 2856 w
(tile) 1477 2856 w
(is) 1632 2856 w
(a) 1726 2856 w
(pixel) 1797 2856 w
(and) 2024 2856 w
(has) 2195 2856 w
(uniform) 2355 2856 w
(color.) 2704 2856 w
(The) 2986 2856 w
(tiles) 3168 2856 w
(are) 3362 2856 w
(all) 3510 2856 w
(the) 3637 2856 w
(same) 3786 2856 w
(size.) 4018 2856 w
(Now) 4249 2856 w
(lay) 4469 2856 w
(over) 4617 2856 w
(that) 4820 2856 w
(a) 4996 2856 w
(transparent sheet of the same size, marked off in a square grid.) 720 2976 w
(Each cell in the grid stands) 3266 2976 w
(for) 4371 2976 w
(a) 4513 2976 w
(pixel) 4583 2976 w
(of) 4809 2976 w
(the) 4918 2976 w
(target) 720 3096 w
(image.) 980 3096 w
(For) 1307 3096 w
(example,) 1479 3096 w
(if) 1875 3096 w
(you) 1969 3096 w
(are) 2152 3096 w
(scaling) 2306 3096 w
(a) 2622 3096 w
(100x200) 2699 3096 w
(image) 3082 3096 w
(up) 3359 3096 w
(by) 3491 3096 w
(1.5,) 3623 3096 w
(the) 3805 3096 w
(source) 3959 3096 w
(image) 4251 3096 w
(is) 4527 3096 w
(100) 4626 3096 w
(x) 4808 3096 w
(200) 4890 3096 w
(tiles, and the transparent sheet is marked off in 150 x 300 cells.) 720 3216 w
(Each) 720 3372 w
(cell) 955 3372 w
(covers) 1135 3372 w
(parts) 1431 3372 w
(of) 1661 3372 w
(multiple) 1780 3372 w
(tiles.) 2150 3372 w
(To) 2403 3372 w
(make) 2550 3372 w
(the) 2802 3372 w
(target) 2960 3372 w
(image,) 3223 3372 w
(just) 3528 3372 w
(color) 3709 3372 w
(in) 3950 3372 w
(each) 4064 3372 w
(cell) 4282 3372 w
(with) 4462 3372 w
(the) 4676 3372 w
(color) 4835 3372 w
(which) 720 3492 w
(is the average of the colors the cell covers \255\255 weighted by the amount of that color it covers.) 990 3492 w
(A cell in) 4696 3492 w
(our) 720 3612 w
(example) 882 3612 w
(might) 1249 3612 w
(cover) 1512 3612 w
(4/9) 1762 3612 w
(of) 1919 3612 w
(a) 2032 3612 w
(blue) 2106 3612 w
(tile,) 2308 3612 w
(2/9) 2491 3612 w
(of) 2649 3612 w
(a) 2762 3612 w
(red) 2836 3612 w
(tile,) 2993 3612 w
(2/9) 3176 3612 w
(of) 3334 3612 w
(a) 3447 3612 w
(green) 3521 3612 w
(tile,) 3772 3612 w
(and) 3955 3612 w
(1/9) 4129 3612 w
(of) 4287 3612 w
(a) 4400 3612 w
(white) 4474 3612 w
(tile.) 4726 3612 w
(So) 4934 3612 w
(the target pixel would be somewhat unsaturated blue.) 720 3732 w
(When) 720 3888 w
(you) 987 3888 w
(are) 1166 3888 w
(scaling) 1316 3888 w
(up) 1628 3888 w
(or) 1757 3888 w
(down) 1869 3888 w
(by) 2120 3888 w
(an) 2249 3888 w
(integer,) 2372 3888 w
(the) 2703 3888 w
(results) 2855 3888 w
(are) 3146 3888 w
(simple.) 3297 3888 w
(When) 3644 3888 w
(scaling) 3912 3888 w
(up,) 4225 3888 w
(pixels) 4380 3888 w
(get) 4649 3888 w
(dupli\255) 4801 3888 w
(cated.) 720 4008 w
(When) 1007 4008 w
(scaling) 1272 4008 w
(down,) 1582 4008 w
(pixels) 1856 4008 w
(get) 2122 4008 w
(thrown) 2271 4008 w
(away.) 2581 4008 w
(In) 2868 4008 w
(either) 2978 4008 w
(case,) 3232 4008 w
(the) 3455 4008 w
(colors) 3604 4008 w
(in) 3875 4008 w
(the) 3980 4008 w
(target) 4128 4008 w
(image) 4381 4008 w
(are) 4651 4008 w
(a) 4798 4008 w
(sub\255) 4868 4008 w
(set of those in the source image.) 720 4128 w
(When) 720 4284 w
(the) 986 4284 w
(scale) 1136 4284 w
(factor) 1363 4284 w
(is) 1623 4284 w
(weirder) 1718 4284 w
(than) 2050 4284 w
(that,) 2250 4284 w
(the) 2453 4284 w
(target) 2603 4284 w
(image) 2858 4284 w
(can) 3130 4284 w
(have) 3296 4284 w
(colors) 3512 4284 w
(that) 3784 4284 w
(didn't) 3962 4284 w
(exist) 4229 4284 w
(in) 4446 4284 w
(the) 4553 4284 w
(original.) 4704 4284 w
(For) 720 4404 w
(example,) 891 4404 w
(a) 1286 4404 w
(red) 1362 4404 w
(pixel) 1521 4404 w
(next) 1753 4404 w
(to) 1957 4404 w
(a) 2067 4404 w
(white) 2143 4404 w
(pixel) 2397 4404 w
(in) 2629 4404 w
(the) 2739 4404 w
(source) 2893 4404 w
(might) 3185 4404 w
(become) 3451 4404 w
(a) 3792 4404 w
(red) 3867 4404 w
(pixel,) 4025 4404 w
(a) 4281 4404 w
(pink) 4356 4404 w
(pixel,) 4565 4404 w
(and) 4821 4404 w
(a) 4996 4404 w
(white pixel in the target.) 720 4524 w
(This) 720 4680 w
(method) 936 4680 w
(tends) 1274 4680 w
(to) 1523 4680 w
(replicate) 1639 4680 w
(what) 2020 4680 w
(the) 2252 4680 w
(human) 2412 4680 w
(eye) 2722 4680 w
(does) 2899 4680 w
(as) 3121 4680 w
(it) 3243 4680 w
(moves) 3338 4680 w
(closer) 3638 4680 w
(to) 3915 4680 w
(or) 4032 4680 w
(further) 4154 4680 w
(away) 4464 4680 w
(from) 4713 4680 w
(an) 4946 4680 w
(image.) 720 4800 w
(It) 1044 4800 w
(also) 1135 4800 w
(tends) 1326 4800 w
(to) 1567 4800 w
(replicate) 1675 4800 w
(what) 2048 4800 w
(the) 2272 4800 w
(human) 2424 4800 w
(eye) 2726 4800 w
(sees,) 2894 4800 w
(when) 3115 4800 w
(far) 3361 4800 w
(enough) 3501 4800 w
(away) 3825 4800 w
(to) 4065 4800 w
(make) 4172 4800 w
(the) 4417 4800 w
(pixelization) 4568 4800 w
(disappear, if an image is not made of pixels and simply stretches or shrinks.) 720 4920 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(Discrete Sampling) 720 5160 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(Discrete) 720 5352 w
(sampling) 1087 5352 w
(is) 1489 5352 w
(basically) 1591 5352 w
(the) 1981 5352 w
(same) 2138 5352 w
(thing) 2378 5352 w
(as) 2619 5352 w
(pixel) 2738 5352 w
(mixing) 2974 5352 w
(except) 3294 5352 w
(that,) 3590 5352 w
(in) 3801 5352 w
(the) 3915 5352 w
(model) 4073 5352 w
(described) 4359 5352 w
(above,) 4777 5352 w
(instead of averaging the colors of the tiles the cell covers, you pick the one color that covers the most area.) 720 5472 w
(The) 720 5628 w
(result) 901 5628 w
(you) 1150 5628 w
(see) 1327 5628 w
(is) 1481 5628 w
(that) 1575 5628 w
(when) 1752 5628 w
(you) 1995 5628 w
(enlarge) 2172 5628 w
(an) 2492 5628 w
(image,) 2613 5628 w
(pixels) 2909 5628 w
(get) 3175 5628 w
(duplicated) 3324 5628 w
(and) 3767 5628 w
(when) 3938 5628 w
(you) 4181 5628 w
(reduce) 4358 5628 w
(an) 4650 5628 w
(image,) 4771 5628 w
(some pixels get discarded.) 720 5748 w
(The) 720 5904 w
(advantage) 907 5904 w
(of) 1343 5904 w
(this) 1458 5904 w
(is) 1636 5904 w
(that) 1736 5904 w
(you) 1919 5904 w
(end) 2102 5904 w
(up) 2279 5904 w
(with) 2412 5904 w
(an) 2623 5904 w
(image) 2750 5904 w
(made) 3027 5904 w
(from) 3276 5904 w
(the) 3503 5904 w
(same) 3658 5904 w
(color) 3896 5904 w
(palette) 4134 5904 w
(as) 4433 5904 w
(the) 4549 5904 w
(original.) 4704 5904 w
(Sometimes that's important.) 720 6024 w
(The) 720 6180 w
(disadvantage) 907 6180 w
(is) 1460 6180 w
(that) 1559 6180 w
(it) 1741 6180 w
(distorts) 1830 6180 w
(the) 2158 6180 w
(picture.) 2313 6180 w
(If) 2673 6180 w
(you) 2772 6180 w
(scale) 2955 6180 w
(up) 3187 6180 w
(by) 3320 6180 w
(1.5) 3453 6180 w
(horizontally,) 3611 6180 w
(for) 4152 6180 w
(example,) 4301 6180 w
(the) 4697 6180 w
(even) 4852 6180 w
(numbered) 720 6300 w
(input) 1147 6300 w
(pixels) 1381 6300 w
(are) 1648 6300 w
(doubled) 1797 6300 w
(in) 2147 6300 w
(the) 2253 6300 w
(output) 2403 6300 w
(and) 2686 6300 w
(the) 2857 6300 w
(odd) 3006 6300 w
(numbered) 3183 6300 w
(ones) 3609 6300 w
(are) 3819 6300 w
(copied) 3967 6300 w
(singly.) 4260 6300 w
(If) 4582 6300 w
(you) 4675 6300 w
(have) 4852 6300 w
(a) 720 6420 w
(bunch) 797 6420 w
(of) 1074 6420 w
(one) 1190 6420 w
(pixel) 1367 6420 w
(wide) 1600 6420 w
(lines) 1827 6420 w
(in) 2050 6420 w
(the) 2162 6420 w
(source,) 2318 6420 w
(you) 2637 6420 w
(may) 2821 6420 w
(find) 3027 6420 w
(that) 3222 6420 w
(some) 3406 6420 w
(of) 3651 6420 w
(them) 3768 6420 w
(stretch) 4002 6420 w
(to) 4302 6420 w
(2) 4414 6420 w
(pixels,) 4498 6420 w
(others) 4796 6420 w
(remain) 720 6540 w
(1) 1030 6540 w
(pixel) 1113 6540 w
(when) 1346 6540 w
(you) 1595 6540 w
(enlarge.) 1778 6540 w
(When) 2153 6540 w
(you) 2423 6540 w
(reduce,) 2605 6540 w
(you) 2927 6540 w
(may) 3109 6540 w
(find) 3313 6540 w
(that) 3506 6540 w
(some) 3688 6540 w
(of) 3931 6540 w
(the) 4046 6540 w
(lines) 4200 6540 w
(disappear) 4421 6540 w
(com\255) 4835 6540 w
(pletely.) 720 6660 w
(You select discrete sampling with) 720 6816 w
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(pamscale) 2099 6816 w
10 /Times-Roman f
('s) 2493 6816 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255nomix) 2590 6816 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(option.) 2915 6816 w
(Actually,) 720 6972 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255nomix) 1119 6972 w
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(doesn't) 1449 6972 w
(do) 1773 6972 w
(exactly) 1903 6972 w
(what) 2221 6972 w
(I) 2445 6972 w
(described) 2509 6972 w
(above.) 2922 6972 w
(It) 3241 6972 w
(does) 3333 6972 w
(the) 3547 6972 w
(scaling) 3700 6972 w
(in) 4014 6972 w
(two) 4123 6972 w
(passes) 4304 6972 w
(\255) 4590 6972 w
(first) 4654 6972 w
(hori\255) 4846 6972 w
(zontal, then vertical.) 720 7092 w
(This can produce slightly different results.) 1585 7092 w
(There) 720 7248 w
(is) 983 7248 w
(one) 1081 7248 w
(common) 1256 7248 w
(case) 1637 7248 w
(in) 1839 7248 w
(which) 1949 7248 w
(one) 2225 7248 w
(often) 2401 7248 w
(finds) 2638 7248 w
(it) 2870 7248 w
(burdensome) 2958 7248 w
(to) 3478 7248 w
(have) 3588 7248 w
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(pamscale) 3808 7248 w
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(make) 4234 7248 w
(up) 4482 7248 w
(colors) 4614 7248 w
(that) 4890 7248 w
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(\255 4 \255) 2797 480 w
(weren't) 720 840 w
(there) 1050 840 w
(originally:) 1275 840 w
(Where) 1718 840 w
(one) 2009 840 w
(is) 2179 840 w
(working) 2272 840 w
(with) 2631 840 w
(an) 2835 840 w
(image) 2955 840 w
(format) 3225 840 w
(such) 3517 840 w
(as) 3726 840 w
(GIF) 3835 840 w
(that) 4022 840 w
(has) 4198 840 w
(a limited number) 4357 840 w
(of) 720 960 w
(possible) 830 960 w
(colors) 1185 960 w
(per) 1456 960 w
(image.) 1610 960 w
(If) 1931 960 w
(you) 2024 960 w
(take) 2201 960 w
(a) 2395 960 w
(GIF) 2467 960 w
(with) 2656 960 w
(256) 2862 960 w
(colors,) 3040 960 w
(convert) 3337 960 w
(it) 3664 960 w
(to) 3748 960 w
(PPM,) 3854 960 w
(scale) 4108 960 w
(by) 4335 960 w
(.625,) 4463 960 w
(and) 4691 960 w
(con\255) 4863 960 w
(vert) 720 1080 w
(back) 906 1080 w
(to) 1125 1080 w
(GIF,) 1234 1080 w
(you) 1451 1080 w
(will) 1632 1080 w
(probably) 1819 1080 w
(find) 2205 1080 w
(that) 2397 1080 w
(the) 2578 1080 w
(reduced) 2731 1080 w
(image) 3077 1080 w
(has) 3352 1080 w
(way) 3516 1080 w
(more) 3713 1080 w
(than) 3949 1080 w
(256) 4152 1080 w
(colors,) 4333 1080 w
(and) 4633 1080 w
(there\255) 4808 1080 w
(fore) 720 1200 w
(cannot) 911 1200 w
(be) 1208 1200 w
(converted) 1333 1200 w
(to) 1757 1200 w
(GIF.) 1866 1200 w
(One) 2108 1200 w
(way) 2305 1200 w
(to) 2502 1200 w
(solve) 2611 1200 w
(this) 2853 1200 w
(problem) 3029 1200 w
(is) 3393 1200 w
(to) 3491 1200 w
(do) 3600 1200 w
(the) 3731 1200 w
(reduction) 3885 1200 w
(with) 4294 1200 w
(discrete) 4504 1200 w
(sam\255) 4846 1200 w
(pling) 720 1320 w
(instead) 957 1320 w
(of) 1271 1320 w
(pixel) 1385 1320 w
(mixing.) 1616 1320 w
(Probably) 1981 1320 w
(a) 2372 1320 w
(better) 2446 1320 w
(way) 2703 1320 w
(is) 2899 1320 w
(to) 2996 1320 w
(do) 3104 1320 w
(the) 3234 1320 w
(pixel) 3386 1320 w
(mixing,) 3616 1320 w
(but) 3955 1320 w
(then) 4113 1320 w
(color) 4315 1320 w
(quantize) 4550 1320 w
(the) 4918 1320 w
(result with) 720 1440 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnmquant) 1170 1440 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(before converting to GIF.) 1641 1440 w
(When the scale factor is an integer \(which means you're scaling) 720 1596 w
(up\),) 3300 1596 w
(discrete) 3484 1596 w
(sampling) 3820 1596 w
(and) 4213 1596 w
(pixel) 4383 1596 w
(mixing) 4609 1596 w
(are) 4919 1596 w
(identical) 720 1716 w
(\255\255) 1096 1716 w
(output) 1194 1716 w
(pixels) 1482 1716 w
(are) 1753 1716 w
(always) 1906 1716 w
(just) 2214 1716 w
(N) 2390 1716 w
(copies) 2493 1716 w
(of) 2779 1716 w
(the) 2893 1716 w
(input) 3046 1716 w
(pixels.) 3283 1716 w
(In) 3603 1716 w
(this) 3717 1716 w
(case,) 3893 1716 w
(though,) 4120 1716 w
(consider) 4454 1716 w
(using) 4823 1716 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamstretch) 720 1836 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(instead) 1230 1836 w
(of) 1541 1836 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 1652 1836 w
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(to) 2074 1836 w
(get) 2181 1836 w
(the) 2332 1836 w
(added) 2483 1836 w
(pixels) 2750 1836 w
(interpolated) 3018 1836 w
(instead) 3524 1836 w
(of) 3836 1836 w
(just) 3948 1836 w
(copied) 4122 1836 w
(and) 4417 1836 w
(thereby) 4590 1836 w
(get) 4918 1836 w
(a smoother enlargement.) 720 1956 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 720 2112 w
10 /Times-Roman f
('s) 1114 2112 w
(discrete) 1230 2112 w
(sampling) 1584 2112 w
(is) 1995 2112 w
(faster) 2106 2112 w
(than) 2372 2112 w
(pixel) 2589 2112 w
(mixing,) 2834 2112 w
(but) 3188 2112 w
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(pamenlarge) 3361 2112 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(is) 3911 2112 w
(faster) 4023 2112 w
(still.) 4289 2112 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamenlarge) 4535 2112 w
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(works only on integer enlargements.) 720 2232 w
(discrete sampling \() 720 2388 w
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(\255nomix) 1480 2388 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(\) was new in Netpbm 9.24 \(January 2002\).) 1780 2388 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(Resampling) 720 2628 w
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(Resampling) 720 2820 w
(assumes) 1226 2820 w
(that) 1587 2820 w
(the) 1765 2820 w
(source) 1915 2820 w
(image) 2203 2820 w
(is) 2475 2820 w
(a) 2570 2820 w
(discrete) 2642 2820 w
(sampling) 2980 2820 w
(of) 3375 2820 w
(some) 3486 2820 w
(original) 3726 2820 w
(continuous) 4066 2820 w
(image.) 4534 2820 w
(That) 4857 2820 w
(is,) 720 2940 w
(it) 844 2940 w
(assumes) 932 2940 w
(there) 1297 2940 w
(is) 1527 2940 w
(some) 1625 2940 w
(non\255pixelized) 1867 2940 w
(original) 2447 2940 w
(image) 2789 2940 w
(and) 3064 2940 w
(each) 3239 2940 w
(pixel) 3452 2940 w
(of) 3683 2940 w
(the) 3797 2940 w
(source) 3950 2940 w
(image) 4241 2940 w
(is) 4516 2940 w
(simply) 4614 2940 w
(the) 4918 2940 w
(color of that image at a particular point.) 720 3060 w
(Those points, naturally, are the intersections of a square grid.) 2356 3060 w
(The) 720 3216 w
(idea) 901 3216 w
(of) 1093 3216 w
(resampling) 1202 3216 w
(is) 1672 3216 w
(just) 1765 3216 w
(to) 1936 3216 w
(compute) 2040 3216 w
(that) 2410 3216 w
(original) 2586 3216 w
(image,) 2923 3216 w
(then) 3218 3216 w
(sample) 3417 3216 w
(it) 3727 3216 w
(at) 3810 3216 w
(a) 3909 3216 w
(different) 3980 3216 w
(frequency) 4350 3216 w
(\(a) 4775 3216 w
(grid) 4879 3216 w
(of a different scale\).) 720 3336 w
(The) 720 3492 w
(problem,) 907 3492 w
(of) 1297 3492 w
(course,) 1412 3492 w
(is) 1729 3492 w
(that) 1828 3492 w
(sampling) 2010 3492 w
(necessarily) 2409 3492 w
(throws) 2884 3492 w
(away) 3188 3492 w
(the) 3430 3492 w
(information) 3584 3492 w
(you) 4088 3492 w
(need) 4270 3492 w
(to) 4491 3492 w
(rebuild) 4602 3492 w
(the) 4918 3492 w
(original image.) 720 3612 w
(So we have to make a bunch of assumptions about the makeup of the original image.) 1375 3612 w
(You) 720 3768 w
(tell) 921 3768 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 1078 3768 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(to) 1501 3768 w
(use) 1609 3768 w
(the) 1772 3768 w
(resampling) 1924 3768 w
(method) 2398 3768 w
(by) 2728 3768 w
(specifying) 2858 3768 w
(the) 3304 3768 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255filter) 3456 3768 w
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(option.) 3729 3768 w
(The) 4065 3768 w
(value) 4250 3768 w
(of) 4496 3768 w
(this) 4609 3768 w
(option) 4784 3768 w
(is the name of a function, from the set listed below.) 720 3888 w
(To) 720 4044 w
(explain) 859 4044 w
(resampling,) 1181 4044 w
(we) 1678 4044 w
(are) 1822 4044 w
(going) 1971 4044 w
(to) 2228 4044 w
(talk) 2335 4044 w
(about) 2514 4044 w
(a) 2765 4044 w
(simple) 2838 4044 w
(one) 3134 4044 w
(dimensional) 3307 4044 w
(scaling) 3825 4044 w
(\255\255) 4137 4044 w
(scaling) 4232 4044 w
(a) 4544 4044 w
(single) 4617 4044 w
(row) 4885 4044 w
(of) 720 4164 w
(grayscale) 834 4164 w
(pixels) 1241 4164 w
(horizontally.) 1511 4164 w
(If) 2075 4164 w
(you) 2172 4164 w
(can) 2353 4164 w
(understand) 2522 4164 w
(that,) 2991 4164 w
(you) 3197 4164 w
(can) 3378 4164 w
(easily) 3547 4164 w
(understand) 3811 4164 w
(how) 4280 4164 w
(to) 4483 4164 w
(do) 4592 4164 w
(a) 4722 4164 w
(whole) 4796 4164 w
(image:) 720 4284 w
(Scale) 1018 4284 w
(each) 1260 4284 w
(of) 1468 4284 w
(the) 1577 4284 w
(rows) 1725 4284 w
(of) 1945 4284 w
(the) 2054 4284 w
(image,) 2202 4284 w
(then) 2497 4284 w
(scale) 2695 4284 w
(each) 2920 4284 w
(of) 3128 4284 w
(the) 3237 4284 w
(resulting) 3385 4284 w
(columns.) 3761 4284 w
(And) 4176 4284 w
(scale) 4374 4284 w
(each) 4599 4284 w
(of) 4808 4284 w
(the) 4918 4284 w
(color component planes separately.) 720 4404 w
(As) 720 4560 w
(a) 862 4560 w
(first) 937 4560 w
(step) 1130 4560 w
(in) 1323 4560 w
(resampling,) 1433 4560 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 1934 4560 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(converts) 2360 4560 w
(the) 2730 4560 w
(source) 2884 4560 w
(image,) 3176 4560 w
(which) 3477 4560 w
(is) 3753 4560 w
(a) 3852 4560 w
(set) 3928 4560 w
(of) 4071 4560 w
(discrete) 4186 4560 w
(pixel) 4528 4560 w
(values,) 4760 4560 w
(into a continuous step function.) 720 4680 w
(A step function is a function whose graph is a staircase\255y thing.) 2028 4680 w
(Now,) 720 4836 w
(we) 966 4836 w
(convolve) 1109 4836 w
(the) 1502 4836 w
(step) 1651 4836 w
(function) 1839 4836 w
(with) 2199 4836 w
(a) 2404 4836 w
(proper) 2475 4836 w
(scaling) 2762 4836 w
(of) 3072 4836 w
(the) 3182 4836 w
(filter) 3331 4836 w
(function) 3552 4836 w
(that) 3912 4836 w
(you) 4090 4836 w
(identified) 4268 4836 w
(with) 4679 4836 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255fil\255) 4885 4836 w
(ter) 720 4956 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(.) 841 4956 w
(If) 927 4956 w
(you) 1029 4956 w
(don't) 1215 4956 w
(know) 1462 4956 w
(what) 1720 4956 w
(the) 1949 4956 w
(mathematical) 2106 4956 w
(concept) 2679 4956 w
(of) 3024 4956 w
(convolution) 3142 4956 w
(\(convolving\)) 3655 4956 w
(is,) 4206 4956 w
(you) 4333 4956 w
(are) 4518 4956 w
(officially) 4674 4956 w
(lost.) 720 5076 w
(You) 943 5076 w
(cannot) 1143 5076 w
(understand) 1437 5076 w
(this) 1903 5076 w
(explanation.) 2076 5076 w
(The) 2620 5076 w
(result) 2803 5076 w
(of) 3053 5076 w
(this) 3164 5076 w
(convolution) 3337 5076 w
(is) 3843 5076 w
(the) 3938 5076 w
(imaginary) 4089 5076 w
(original) 4523 5076 w
(con\255) 4863 5076 w
(tinuous image we've been talking about.) 720 5196 w
(Finally, we make target pixels by picking values from that function.) 720 5352 w
(To understand what is going on, we use Fourier analysis:) 720 5508 w
(The) 720 5664 w
(idea) 901 5664 w
(is) 1093 5664 w
(that) 1186 5664 w
(the) 1362 5664 w
(only) 1511 5664 w
(difference) 1716 5664 w
(between) 2146 5664 w
(our) 2505 5664 w
(step) 2665 5664 w
(function) 2853 5664 w
(and) 3213 5664 w
(the) 3384 5664 w
(original) 3533 5664 w
(continuous) 3871 5664 w
(function) 4337 5664 w
(\(remem\255) 4697 5664 w
(ber) 720 5784 w
(that) 879 5784 w
(we) 1061 5784 w
(constructed) 1209 5784 w
(the) 1701 5784 w
(step) 1855 5784 w
(function) 2048 5784 w
(from) 2413 5784 w
(the) 2639 5784 w
(source) 2793 5784 w
(image,) 3085 5784 w
(which) 3385 5784 w
(is) 3660 5784 w
(itself) 3758 5784 w
(a) 3989 5784 w
(sampling) 4064 5784 w
(of) 4462 5784 w
(the) 4576 5784 w
(original) 4729 5784 w
(continuous) 720 5904 w
(function\)) 1188 5904 w
(is) 1583 5904 w
(that) 1679 5904 w
(the) 1858 5904 w
(step) 2009 5904 w
(function) 2199 5904 w
(has) 2561 5904 w
(a) 2723 5904 w
(bunch) 2796 5904 w
(of) 3070 5904 w
(high) 3183 5904 w
(frequency) 3391 5904 w
(Fourier) 3819 5904 w
(components) 4143 5904 w
(added.) 4656 5904 w
(If) 4974 5904 w
(we) 720 6024 w
(could) 876 6024 w
(chop) 1138 6024 w
(out) 1372 6024 w
(all) 1540 6024 w
(the) 1680 6024 w
(higher) 1842 6024 w
(frequency) 2137 6024 w
(components) 2575 6024 w
(of) 3098 6024 w
(the) 3221 6024 w
(step) 3383 6024 w
(function,) 3584 6024 w
(and) 3982 6024 w
(know) 4166 6024 w
(that) 4428 6024 w
(they're) 4618 6024 w
(all) 4940 6024 w
(higher than any frequency in the original function, we'd have the original function back.) 720 6144 w
(The) 720 6300 w
(resampling) 901 6300 w
(method) 1371 6300 w
(assumes) 1697 6300 w
(that) 2056 6300 w
(the) 2232 6300 w
(original) 2380 6300 w
(function) 2718 6300 w
(was) 3078 6300 w
(sampled) 3260 6300 w
(at) 3620 6300 w
(a) 3719 6300 w
(high) 3790 6300 w
(enough) 3995 6300 w
(frequency) 4316 6300 w
(to) 4741 6300 w
(form) 4846 6300 w
(a) 720 6420 w
(perfect) 794 6420 w
(sampling.) 1100 6420 w
(A) 1547 6420 w
(perfect) 1649 6420 w
(sampling) 1955 6420 w
(is) 2352 6420 w
(one) 2449 6420 w
(from) 2623 6420 w
(which) 2847 6420 w
(you) 3120 6420 w
(can) 3299 6420 w
(recover) 3466 6420 w
(exactly) 3793 6420 w
(the) 4110 6420 w
(original) 4261 6420 w
(continuous) 4601 6420 w
(function.) 720 6540 w
(The) 1131 6540 w
(Nyquist) 1314 6540 w
(theorem) 1659 6540 w
(says) 2014 6540 w
(that) 2214 6540 w
(as) 2392 6540 w
(long) 2503 6540 w
(as) 2709 6540 w
(your) 2820 6540 w
(sample) 3031 6540 w
(rate) 3342 6540 w
(is) 3519 6540 w
(at) 3615 6540 w
(least) 3716 6540 w
(twice) 3928 6540 w
(the) 4173 6540 w
(highest) 4324 6540 w
(frequency) 4642 6540 w
(in) 720 6660 w
(your) 826 6660 w
(original) 1037 6660 w
(function,) 1376 6660 w
(the) 1762 6660 w
(sampling) 1912 6660 w
(is) 2307 6660 w
(perfect.) 2402 6660 w
(So) 2756 6660 w
(we) 2890 6660 w
(assume) 3034 6660 w
(that) 3356 6660 w
(the) 3534 6660 w
(image) 3683 6660 w
(is) 3954 6660 w
(a) 4048 6660 w
(sampling) 4119 6660 w
(of) 4513 6660 w
(something) 4623 6660 w
(whose) 720 6780 w
(highest) 1005 6780 w
(frequency) 1324 6780 w
(is) 1752 6780 w
(half) 1849 6780 w
(the) 2034 6780 w
(sample) 2186 6780 w
(rate) 2499 6780 w
(\(pixel) 2678 6780 w
(resolution\)) 2941 6780 w
(or) 3405 6780 w
(less.) 3519 6780 w
(Given) 3750 6780 w
(that,) 4025 6780 w
(our) 4231 6780 w
(filtering) 4395 6780 w
(does) 4748 6780 w
(in) 4962 6780 w
(fact recover the original continuous image from the samples \(pixels\).) 720 6900 w
(To) 720 7056 w
(chop) 866 7056 w
(out) 1095 7056 w
(all) 1258 7056 w
(the) 1393 7056 w
(components) 1550 7056 w
(above) 2068 7056 w
(a) 2341 7056 w
(certain) 2420 7056 w
(frequency,) 2726 7056 w
(we) 3184 7056 w
(just) 3335 7056 w
(multiply) 3515 7056 w
(the) 3890 7056 w
(Fourier) 4047 7056 w
(transform) 4376 7056 w
(of) 4799 7056 w
(the) 4918 7056 w
(step function by a rectangle function.) 720 7176 w
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(\255 5 \255) 2797 480 w
(We) 720 840 w
(could) 898 840 w
(find) 1160 840 w
(the) 1361 840 w
(Fourier) 1523 840 w
(transform) 1857 840 w
(of) 2286 840 w
(the) 2410 840 w
(step) 2573 840 w
(function,) 2775 840 w
(multiply) 3174 840 w
(it) 3555 840 w
(by) 3652 840 w
(a) 3793 840 w
(rectangle) 3878 840 w
(function,) 4284 840 w
(and) 4683 840 w
(then) 4868 840 w
(Fourier) 720 960 w
(transform) 1044 960 w
(the) 1462 960 w
(result) 1614 960 w
(back,) 1865 960 w
(but) 2107 960 w
(there's) 2264 960 w
(an) 2564 960 w
(easier) 2687 960 w
(way.) 2948 960 w
(Mathematicians) 3193 960 w
(tell) 3860 960 w
(us) 4017 960 w
(that) 4135 960 w
(multiplying) 4314 960 w
(in) 4811 960 w
(the) 4918 960 w
(frequency) 720 1080 w
(domain) 1158 1080 w
(is) 1498 1080 w
(equivalent) 1605 1080 w
(to) 2061 1080 w
(convolving) 2179 1080 w
(in) 2669 1080 w
(the) 2787 1080 w
(time) 2949 1080 w
(domain.) 3167 1080 w
(That) 3557 1080 w
(means) 3780 1080 w
(multiplying) 4075 1080 w
(the) 4583 1080 w
(Fourier) 4746 1080 w
(transform) 720 1200 w
(of) 1134 1200 w
(F) 1243 1200 w
(by) 1325 1200 w
(a) 1451 1200 w
(rectangle) 1521 1200 w
(function) 1912 1200 w
(R) 2271 1200 w
(is) 2364 1200 w
(the) 2457 1200 w
(same) 2605 1200 w
(as) 2836 1200 w
(convolving) 2945 1200 w
(F) 3421 1200 w
(with) 3503 1200 w
(the) 3707 1200 w
(Fourier) 3855 1200 w
(transform of R.) 4175 1200 w
(It's a) 4838 1200 w
(lot) 720 1320 w
(better) 862 1320 w
(to) 1125 1320 w
(take) 1239 1320 w
(the) 1441 1320 w
(Fourier) 1599 1320 w
(transform) 1929 1320 w
(of) 2353 1320 w
(R,) 2472 1320 w
(and) 2600 1320 w
(build) 2780 1320 w
(it) 3022 1320 w
(into) 3114 1320 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 3306 1320 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(than) 3736 1320 w
(to) 3944 1320 w
(have) 4059 1320 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 4284 1320 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(take) 4715 1320 w
(the) 4918 1320 w
(Fourier transform of the input image dynamically.) 720 1440 w
(That) 720 1596 w
(leaves) 947 1596 w
(only) 1240 1596 w
(one) 1462 1596 w
(question:) 1650 1596 w
(What) 2086 1596 w
(is) 2346 1596 w
(the) 2458 1596 w
(Fourier) 2625 1596 w
(transform) 2964 1596 w
(of) 3397 1596 w
(a) 3525 1596 w
(rectangle) 3614 1596 w
(function?) 4024 1596 w
(Answer:) 4471 1596 w
(sinc.) 4854 1596 w
(Recall from math that sinc is defined as sinc\(x\) = sin\(PI*x\)/PI*x.) 720 1716 w
(Hence,) 720 1872 w
(when) 1037 1872 w
(you) 1291 1872 w
(specify) 1479 1872 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255filter=sinc) 1805 1872 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(,) 2272 1872 w
(you) 2335 1872 w
(are) 2523 1872 w
(effectively) 2682 1872 w
(passing) 3146 1872 w
(the) 3484 1872 w
(step) 3644 1872 w
(function) 3843 1872 w
(of) 4214 1872 w
(the) 4336 1872 w
(source) 4497 1872 w
(image) 4796 1872 w
(through a low pass frequency filter and recovering a good approximation of the original continuous image.) 720 1992 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(Refiltering) 720 2232 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(There's) 720 2424 w
(another) 1052 2424 w
(twist:) 1379 2424 w
(If) 1630 2424 w
(you) 1724 2424 w
(simply) 1902 2424 w
(sample) 2203 2424 w
(the) 2514 2424 w
(reconstructed) 2664 2424 w
(original) 3229 2424 w
(continuous) 3569 2424 w
(image) 4037 2424 w
(at) 4310 2424 w
(the) 4411 2424 w
(new) 4562 2424 w
(sample) 4757 2424 w
(rate,) 720 2544 w
(and) 928 2544 w
(that) 1106 2544 w
(new) 1290 2544 w
(sample) 1490 2544 w
(rate) 1807 2544 w
(isn't) 1990 2544 w
(at) 2202 2544 w
(least) 2308 2544 w
(twice) 2525 2544 w
(the) 2775 2544 w
(highest) 2931 2544 w
(frequency) 3254 2544 w
(in) 3686 2544 w
(the) 3798 2544 w
(original) 3954 2544 w
(continuous) 4299 2544 w
(image,) 4771 2544 w
(you) 720 2664 w
(won't) 896 2664 w
(get) 1155 2664 w
(a) 1303 2664 w
(perfect) 1373 2664 w
(sampling.) 1675 2664 w
(In) 2118 2664 w
(fact,) 2227 2664 w
(you'll) 2427 2664 w
(get) 2692 2664 w
(something) 2841 2664 w
(with) 3285 2664 w
(ugly) 3490 2664 w
(aliasing) 3695 2664 w
(in) 4033 2664 w
(it.) 4138 2664 w
(Note) 4271 2664 w
(that) 4492 2664 w
(this) 4669 2664 w
(can't) 4841 2664 w
(be) 720 2784 w
(a) 843 2784 w
(problem) 916 2784 w
(when) 1278 2784 w
(you're) 1523 2784 w
(scaling) 1812 2784 w
(up) 2124 2784 w
(\(increasing) 2253 2784 w
(the) 2725 2784 w
(sample) 2876 2784 w
(rate\),) 3188 2784 w
(because) 3424 2784 w
(the) 3768 2784 w
(fact) 3919 2784 w
(that) 4096 2784 w
(the) 4274 2784 w
(old) 4424 2784 w
(sample) 4580 2784 w
(rate) 4891 2784 w
(was) 720 2904 w
(above) 903 2904 w
(the) 1169 2904 w
(Nyquist) 1319 2904 w
(level) 1664 2904 w
(means) 1886 2904 w
(so) 2169 2904 w
(is) 2286 2904 w
(the) 2381 2904 w
(new) 2531 2904 w
(one.) 2726 2904 w
(But) 2949 2904 w
(when) 3123 2904 w
(scaling) 3368 2904 w
(down,) 3680 2904 w
(it's) 3956 2904 w
(a) 4113 2904 w
(problem.) 4186 2904 w
(Obviously,) 4598 2904 w
(you) 720 3024 w
(have) 901 3024 w
(to) 1120 3024 w
(give) 1229 3024 w
(up) 1432 3024 w
(image) 1563 3024 w
(quality) 1838 3024 w
(when) 2147 3024 w
(scaling) 2393 3024 w
(down,) 2706 3024 w
(but) 2983 3024 w
(aliasing) 3141 3024 w
(is) 3482 3024 w
(not) 3579 3024 w
(the) 3737 3024 w
(best) 3889 3024 w
(way) 4080 3024 w
(to) 4276 3024 w
(do) 4384 3024 w
(it.) 4514 3024 w
(It's) 4650 3024 w
(better) 4813 3024 w
(just) 720 3144 w
(to) 898 3144 w
(remove) 1009 3144 w
(high) 1341 3144 w
(frequency) 1552 3144 w
(components) 1983 3144 w
(from) 2499 3144 w
(the) 2726 3144 w
(original) 2881 3144 w
(continuous) 3225 3144 w
(image) 3698 3144 w
(before) 3976 3144 w
(sampling,) 4264 3144 w
(and) 4690 3144 w
(then) 4868 3144 w
(get a perfect sampling of that.) 720 3264 w
(Therefore,) 720 3420 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 1162 3420 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(filters out frequencies above half the new sample rate before picking the new samples.) 1581 3420 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(Approximations) 720 3660 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(Unfortunately,) 720 3852 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 1338 3852 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(doesn't) 1765 3852 w
(do) 2092 3852 w
(the) 2225 3852 w
(convolution) 2380 3852 w
(precisely.) 2891 3852 w
(Instead) 3334 3852 w
(of) 3655 3852 w
(evaluating) 3771 3852 w
(the) 4220 3852 w
(filter) 4375 3852 w
(function) 4602 3852 w
(at) 4968 3852 w
(every) 720 3972 w
(point,) 981 3972 w
(it) 1251 3972 w
(samples) 1346 3972 w
(it) 1707 3972 w
(\255\255) 1802 3972 w
(assumes) 1907 3972 w
(that) 2279 3972 w
(it) 2468 3972 w
(doesn't) 2563 3972 w
(change) 2896 3972 w
(any) 3217 3972 w
(more) 3400 3972 w
(often) 3644 3972 w
(than) 3888 3972 w
(the) 4099 3972 w
(step) 4260 3972 w
(function) 4460 3972 w
(does.) 4832 3972 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 720 4092 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(could) 1150 4092 w
(actually) 1408 4092 w
(do) 1760 4092 w
(the) 1896 4092 w
(true) 2054 4092 w
(integration) 2245 4092 w
(fairly) 2715 4092 w
(easily.) 2968 4092 w
(Since) 3288 4092 w
(the) 3547 4092 w
(filter) 3706 4092 w
(functions) 3937 4092 w
(are) 4346 4092 w
(built) 4504 4092 w
(into) 4725 4092 w
(the) 4918 4092 w
(program, the integrals of them could be too.) 720 4212 w
(Maybe someday it will.) 2526 4212 w
(There) 720 4368 w
(is) 985 4368 w
(one) 1085 4368 w
(more) 1262 4368 w
(complication) 1500 4368 w
(with) 2055 4368 w
(the) 2266 4368 w
(Fourier) 2421 4368 w
(analysis.) 2748 4368 w
(sinc) 3153 4368 w
(has) 3348 4368 w
(nonzero) 3515 4368 w
(values) 3870 4368 w
(on) 4159 4368 w
(out) 4293 4368 w
(to) 4455 4368 w
(infinity) 4567 4368 w
(and) 4896 4368 w
(minus) 720 4488 w
(infinity.) 997 4488 w
(That) 1374 4488 w
(makes) 1589 4488 w
(it) 1876 4488 w
(hard) 1963 4488 w
(to) 2171 4488 w
(compute) 2280 4488 w
(a) 2655 4488 w
(convolution) 2730 4488 w
(with) 3239 4488 w
(it.) 3448 4488 w
(So) 3585 4488 w
(instead,) 3722 4488 w
(there) 4061 4488 w
(are) 4291 4488 w
(filter) 4443 4488 w
(functions) 4668 4488 w
(that) 720 4608 w
(approximate) 897 4608 w
(sinc) 1423 4608 w
(but) 1611 4608 w
(are) 1767 4608 w
(nonzero) 1916 4608 w
(only) 2265 4608 w
(within) 2471 4608 w
(a) 2755 4608 w
(manageable) 2827 4608 w
(range.) 3331 4608 w
(To) 3630 4608 w
(get) 3769 4608 w
(those,) 3919 4608 w
(you) 4183 4608 w
(multiply) 4361 4608 w
(the) 4729 4608 w
(sinc) 4879 4608 w
(function) 720 4728 w
(by) 1082 4728 w
(a) 1211 4728 w
10 /Times-Italic f
(window) 1284 4728 w
(function) 1625 4728 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(,) 1953 4728 w
(which) 2007 4728 w
(you) 2280 4728 w
(select) 2459 4728 w
(with) 2715 4728 w
(the) 2922 4728 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255window) 3073 4728 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(option.) 3469 4728 w
(The) 3804 4728 w
(same) 3988 4728 w
(holds) 4222 4728 w
(for) 4468 4728 w
(other) 4613 4728 w
(filter) 4846 4728 w
(functions) 720 4848 w
(that) 1127 4848 w
(go) 1312 4848 w
(on) 1447 4848 w
(forever) 1582 4848 w
(like) 1904 4848 w
(sinc.) 2089 4848 w
(By) 2335 4848 w
(default,) 2487 4848 w
(for) 2824 4848 w
(a) 2975 4848 w
(filter) 3054 4848 w
(that) 3283 4848 w
(needs) 3468 4848 w
(a) 3730 4848 w
(window) 3809 4848 w
(function,) 4166 4848 w
(the) 4560 4848 w
(window) 4718 4848 w
(function is the Blackman function.) 720 4968 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(Filter Functions Besides Sinc) 720 5208 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(The) 720 5400 w
(math) 909 5400 w
(described) 1143 5400 w
(above) 1559 5400 w
(works) 1831 5400 w
(only) 2109 5400 w
(with) 2322 5400 w
(sinc) 2535 5400 w
(as) 2731 5400 w
(the) 2849 5400 w
(filter) 3006 5400 w
(function.) 3235 5400 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 3653 5400 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(offers) 4082 5400 w
(many) 4349 5400 w
(other) 4606 5400 w
(filter) 4846 5400 w
(functions,) 720 5520 w
(though.) 1145 5520 w
(Some) 1501 5520 w
(of) 1757 5520 w
(these) 1868 5520 w
(approximate) 2101 5520 w
(sinc) 2628 5520 w
(and) 2817 5520 w
(are) 2989 5520 w
(faster) 3138 5520 w
(to) 3387 5520 w
(compute.) 3493 5520 w
(For) 3915 5520 w
(most) 4081 5520 w
(of) 4303 5520 w
(them,) 4413 5520 w
(I) 4665 5520 w
(have) 4725 5520 w
(no) 4940 5520 w
(idea) 720 5640 w
(of) 912 5640 w
(the) 1021 5640 w
(mathematical) 1169 5640 w
(explanation) 1734 5640 w
(for) 2227 5640 w
(them,) 2370 5640 w
(but) 2622 5640 w
(people) 2777 5640 w
(do) 3070 5640 w
(find) 3197 5640 w
(they) 3385 5640 w
(give) 3584 5640 w
(pleasing) 3783 5640 w
(results.) 4143 5640 w
(They) 4481 5640 w
(may) 4713 5640 w
(not) 4912 5640 w
(be) 720 5760 w
(based) 841 5760 w
(on) 1095 5760 w
(resampling) 1222 5760 w
(at) 1693 5760 w
(all,) 1792 5760 w
(but) 1944 5760 w
(just) 2098 5760 w
(exploit) 2269 5760 w
(the) 2573 5760 w
(fact) 2721 5760 w
(the) 2896 5760 w
(convolution) 3044 5760 w
(that) 3548 5760 w
(is) 3724 5760 w
(coincidentally) 3817 5760 w
(part) 4409 5760 w
(of) 4590 5760 w
(a) 4699 5760 w
(resam\255) 4769 5760 w
(pling calculation.) 720 5880 w
(For) 720 6036 w
(some) 886 6036 w
(filter) 1124 6036 w
(functions,) 1345 6036 w
(you) 1769 6036 w
(can) 1946 6036 w
(tell) 2111 6036 w
(just) 2266 6036 w
(by) 2438 6036 w
(looking) 2565 6036 w
(at) 2898 6036 w
(the) 2997 6036 w
(convolution) 3146 6036 w
(how) 3651 6036 w
(they) 3850 6036 w
(vary) 4049 6036 w
(the) 4253 6036 w
(resampling) 4402 6036 w
(pro\255) 4874 6036 w
(cess from the perfect one based on sinc:) 720 6156 w
(The) 720 6312 w
(impulse) 906 6312 w
(filter) 1254 6312 w
(assumes) 1479 6312 w
(that) 1843 6312 w
(the) 2024 6312 w
(original) 2177 6312 w
(continuous) 2519 6312 w
(image) 2989 6312 w
(is) 3264 6312 w
(in) 3362 6312 w
(fact) 3472 6312 w
(a) 3653 6312 w
(step) 3729 6312 w
(function) 3922 6312 w
(\255\255) 4287 6312 w
(the) 4385 6312 w
(very) 4539 6312 w
(one) 4748 6312 w
(we) 4924 6312 w
(computed) 720 6432 w
(as) 1151 6432 w
(the) 1271 6432 w
(first) 1430 6432 w
(step) 1628 6432 w
(in) 1826 6432 w
(the) 1941 6432 w
(resampling.) 2100 6432 w
(This) 2631 6432 w
(is) 2846 6432 w
(mathematically) 2950 6432 w
(equivalent) 3603 6432 w
(to) 4055 6432 w
(the) 4169 6432 w
(discrete) 4327 6432 w
(sampling) 4673 6432 w
(method.) 720 6552 w
(The box \(rectangle\) filter assumes the original image is a piecewise linear function.) 720 6708 w
(Its graph just) 4099 6708 w
(looks) 4647 6708 w
(like) 4890 6708 w
(straight) 720 6828 w
(lines) 1057 6828 w
(connecting) 1282 6828 w
(the) 1756 6828 w
(pixel) 1914 6828 w
(values.) 2150 6828 w
(This) 2491 6828 w
(is) 2705 6828 w
(mathematically) 2808 6828 w
(equivalent) 3460 6828 w
(to) 3912 6828 w
(the) 4026 6828 w
(pixel) 4184 6828 w
(mixing) 4420 6828 w
(method) 4740 6828 w
(when scaling down, and interpolation \(ala) 720 6948 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamstretch) 2420 6948 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(\) when scaling up.) 2902 6948 w
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10 /Times-Roman f
(\255 6 \255) 2797 480 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(Gamma) 720 840 w
(pamscale) 720 1032 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(assumes the underlying continuous function is) 1139 1032 w
(a) 3017 1032 w
(function) 3087 1032 w
(of) 3446 1032 w
(brightness) 3555 1032 w
(\(as) 3992 1032 w
(opposed) 4134 1032 w
(to) 4493 1032 w
(light) 4597 1032 w
(inten\255) 4807 1032 w
(sity\),) 720 1152 w
(and) 953 1152 w
(therefore) 1127 1152 w
(does) 1516 1152 w
(all) 1729 1152 w
(this) 1859 1152 w
(math) 2034 1152 w
(using) 2264 1152 w
(the) 2511 1152 w
(gamma\255adjusted) 2663 1152 w
(numbers) 3352 1152 w
(found) 3725 1152 w
(in) 3987 1152 w
(a) 4094 1152 w
(PNM) 4167 1152 w
(or) 4413 1152 w
(PAM) 4525 1152 w
(image.) 4771 1152 w
(The) 720 1272 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255linear) 901 1272 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(option) 1210 1272 w
(is) 1492 1272 w
(not) 1585 1272 w
(available) 1739 1272 w
(with) 2125 1272 w
(resampling) 2329 1272 w
(\(it) 2799 1272 w
(causes) 2914 1272 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 3200 1272 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(to) 3620 1272 w
(fail\),) 3724 1272 w
(because) 3941 1272 w
(it) 4282 1272 w
(wouldn't) 4365 1272 w
(be) 4753 1272 w
(use\255) 4874 1272 w
(ful enough to justify the implementation effort.) 720 1392 w
(Resampling \() 720 1548 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255filter) 1256 1548 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(\) was new in Netpbm 10.20 \(January 2004\).) 1499 1548 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(The filter functions) 720 1788 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(Here) 720 1980 w
(is) 939 1980 w
(a) 1032 1980 w
(list) 1102 1980 w
(of) 1251 1980 w
(the) 1360 1980 w
(function) 1508 1980 w
(names) 1867 1980 w
(you) 2148 1980 w
(can) 2324 1980 w
(specify) 2488 1980 w
(for) 2802 1980 w
(the) 2944 1980 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255filter) 3092 1980 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(option.) 3361 1980 w
(For) 3693 1980 w
(most) 3859 1980 w
(of) 4081 1980 w
(them,) 4191 1980 w
(you're) 4443 1980 w
(on) 4730 1980 w
(your) 4857 1980 w
(own) 720 2100 w
(to) 924 2100 w
(figure) 1034 2100 w
(out) 1303 2100 w
(just) 1462 2100 w
(what) 1638 2100 w
(the) 1863 2100 w
(function) 2016 2100 w
(is) 2380 2100 w
(and) 2478 2100 w
(what) 2653 2100 w
(kind) 2878 2100 w
(of) 3087 2100 w
(scaling) 3201 2100 w
(it) 3515 2100 w
(does.) 3602 2100 w
(These) 3866 2100 w
(are) 4135 2100 w
(common) 4287 2100 w
(functions) 4668 2100 w
(from mathematics.) 720 2220 w
(point) 970 2376 w
(The graph of this is a single point at X=0, Y=1.) 1220 2376 w
(box) 970 2532 w
(The) 1220 2532 w
(graph) 1405 2532 w
(of) 1662 2532 w
(this) 1775 2532 w
(is) 1950 2532 w
(a) 2047 2532 w
(rectangle) 2121 2532 w
(sitting) 2517 2532 w
(on) 2799 2532 w
(the) 2930 2532 w
(X) 3083 2532 w
(axis) 3186 2532 w
(and) 3378 2532 w
(centered) 3553 2532 w
(on) 3921 2532 w
(the) 4052 2532 w
(Y) 4205 2532 w
(axis) 4308 2532 w
(with) 4500 2532 w
(height) 4709 2532 w
(1) 4990 2532 w
(and base 1.) 1220 2652 w
(triangleThe) 970 2808 w
(graph) 1457 2808 w
(of) 1711 2808 w
(this) 1821 2808 w
(is) 1993 2808 w
(an) 2087 2808 w
(isosceles) 2208 2808 w
(triangle) 2590 2808 w
(sitting) 2922 2808 w
(on) 3200 2808 w
(the) 3327 2808 w
(X) 3476 2808 w
(axis) 3575 2808 w
(and) 3763 2808 w
(centered) 3934 2808 w
(on) 4298 2808 w
(the) 4425 2808 w
(Y) 4574 2808 w
(axis) 4673 2808 w
(with) 4862 2808 w
(height 1 and base 2.) 1220 2928 w
(quadratic) 970 3084 w
(cubic) 970 3240 w
(catrom) 970 3396 w
(mitchell) 970 3552 w
(gauss) 970 3708 w
(sinc) 970 3864 w
(bessel) 970 4020 w
(hanning) 970 4176 w
(hamming) 970 4332 w
(blackman) 970 4488 w
(kaiser) 970 4644 w
(normal) 970 4800 w
(hermite) 970 4956 w
(lanczos) 970 5112 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(Linear vs Gamma\255adjusted) 720 5352 w
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(The) 720 5544 w
(pixel) 903 5544 w
(mixing) 1131 5544 w
(scaling) 1443 5544 w
(method) 1754 5544 w
(described) 2082 5544 w
(above) 2492 5544 w
(involves) 2758 5544 w
(intensities) 3125 5544 w
(of) 3559 5544 w
(pixels) 3670 5544 w
(\(more) 3937 5544 w
(precisely,) 4203 5544 w
(it) 4616 5544 w
(involves) 4701 5544 w
(individual) 720 5664 w
(intensities) 1165 5664 w
(of) 1610 5664 w
(primary) 1732 5664 w
(color) 2087 5664 w
(components) 2331 5664 w
(of) 2853 5664 w
(pixels\).) 2975 5664 w
(But) 3336 5664 w
(the) 3520 5664 w
(PNM) 3681 5664 w
(and) 3937 5664 w
(PNM\255equivalent) 4119 5664 w
(PAM) 4823 5664 w
(image) 720 5784 w
(formats) 1009 5784 w
(represent) 1359 5784 w
(intensities) 1769 5784 w
(with) 2220 5784 w
(gamma\255adjusted) 2443 5784 w
(numbers) 3148 5784 w
(that) 3537 5784 w
(are) 3732 5784 w
(not) 3898 5784 w
(linearly) 4071 5784 w
(proportional) 4422 5784 w
(to) 4962 5784 w
(intensity.) 720 5904 w
(So) 1153 5904 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 1297 5904 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(,) 1691 5904 w
(by) 1754 5904 w
(default,) 1892 5904 w
(performs) 2232 5904 w
(a) 2630 5904 w
(calculation) 2712 5904 w
(on) 3187 5904 w
(each) 3324 5904 w
(sample) 3543 5904 w
(read) 3863 5904 w
(from) 4071 5904 w
(its) 4302 5904 w
(input) 4434 5904 w
(and) 4677 5904 w
(each) 4858 5904 w
(sample) 720 6024 w
(written) 1047 6024 w
(to) 1374 6024 w
(its) 1496 6024 w
(output) 1635 6024 w
(to) 1935 6024 w
(convert) 2058 6024 w
(between) 2402 6024 w
(these) 2779 6024 w
(gamma\255adjusted) 3029 6024 w
(numbers) 3734 6024 w
(and) 4123 6024 w
(internal) 4312 6024 w
(intensity\255) 4662 6024 w
(proportional numbers.) 720 6144 w
(Sometimes) 720 6300 w
(you) 1192 6300 w
(are) 1369 6300 w
(not) 1517 6300 w
(working) 1672 6300 w
(with) 2032 6300 w
(true) 2238 6300 w
(PNM) 2421 6300 w
(or) 2666 6300 w
(PAM) 2777 6300 w
(images,) 3022 6300 w
(but) 3358 6300 w
(rather) 3514 6300 w
(a) 3774 6300 w
(variation) 3846 6300 w
(in) 4229 6300 w
(which) 4335 6300 w
(the) 4607 6300 w
(sample) 4757 6300 w
(values) 720 6420 w
(are) 1001 6420 w
(in) 1148 6420 w
(fact) 1252 6420 w
(directly proportional to intensity.) 1427 6420 w
(If so, use the) 2799 6420 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255linear) 3334 6420 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(option to tell) 3642 6420 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 4179 6420 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(this.) 4598 6420 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pam\255) 4818 6420 w
(scale) 720 6540 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(then will skip the conversions.) 950 6540 w
(The) 720 6696 w
(conversion) 901 6696 w
(takes) 1365 6696 w
(time.) 1596 6696 w
(In) 1850 6696 w
(one) 1959 6696 w
(experiment,) 2129 6696 w
(it) 2629 6696 w
(increased) 2711 6696 w
(the) 3113 6696 w
(time) 3261 6696 w
(required) 3465 6696 w
(to) 3823 6696 w
(reduce) 3927 6696 w
(an) 4218 6696 w
(image) 4339 6696 w
(by) 4610 6696 w
(a) 4737 6696 w
(factor) 4808 6696 w
(of) 720 6816 w
(10.) 833 6816 w
(And) 1013 6816 w
(the) 1215 6816 w
(difference) 1367 6816 w
(between) 1800 6816 w
(intensity\255proportional) 2162 6816 w
(values) 3064 6816 w
(and) 3349 6816 w
(gamma\255adjusted) 3523 6816 w
(values) 4213 6816 w
(may) 4498 6816 w
(be) 4700 6816 w
(small) 4823 6816 w
(enough) 720 6936 w
(that) 1046 6936 w
(you) 1228 6936 w
(would) 1410 6936 w
(barely) 1692 6936 w
(see) 1973 6936 w
(a) 2132 6936 w
(difference) 2208 6936 w
(in) 2643 6936 w
(the) 2753 6936 w
(result) 2907 6936 w
(if) 3161 6936 w
(you) 3255 6936 w
(just) 3438 6936 w
(pretended) 3616 6936 w
(that) 4042 6936 w
(the) 4225 6936 w
(gamma\255adjusted) 4380 6936 w
(values) 720 7056 w
(were) 1005 7056 w
(in) 1228 7056 w
(fact) 1336 7056 w
(intensity\255proportional.) 1515 7056 w
(So) 2467 7056 w
(just) 2603 7056 w
(to) 2778 7056 w
(save) 2886 7056 w
(time,) 3093 7056 w
(at) 3326 7056 w
(the) 3428 7056 w
(expense) 3580 7056 w
(of) 3931 7056 w
(some) 4044 7056 w
(image) 4285 7056 w
(quality,) 4558 7056 w
(you) 4890 7056 w
(can specify) 720 7176 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255linear) 1196 7176 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(even when you have true PPM input and expect true PPM output.) 1504 7176 w
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(\255 7 \255) 2797 480 w
(For) 720 840 w
(the) 889 840 w
(first) 1041 840 w
(13) 1232 840 w
(years) 1362 840 w
(of) 1602 840 w
(Netpbm's) 1715 840 w
(life,) 2139 840 w
(until) 2327 840 w
(Netpbm) 2542 840 w
(10.20) 2895 840 w
(\(January) 3151 840 w
(2004\),) 3525 840 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 3814 840 w
10 /Times-Roman f
('s) 4208 840 w
(predecessor) 4311 840 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnm\255) 4812 840 w
(scale) 720 960 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(always) 958 960 w
(treated) 1268 960 w
(the) 1572 960 w
(PPM) 1727 960 w
(samples) 1961 960 w
(as) 2316 960 w
(intensity\255proportional) 2432 960 w
(even) 3337 960 w
(though) 3558 960 w
(they) 3869 960 w
(were) 4074 960 w
(not,) 4299 960 w
(and) 4484 960 w
(drew) 4660 960 w
(few) 4891 960 w
(complaints.) 720 1080 w
(So using) 1234 1080 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255linear) 1607 1080 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(as a lie is a reasonable thing to do if speed is important to) 1915 1080 w
(you.) 4236 1080 w
(But) 4462 1080 w
(if) 4633 1080 w
(speed) 4720 1080 w
(is) 4973 1080 w
(important, you also should consider the) 720 1200 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255nomix) 2322 1200 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(option and) 2647 1200 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnmscalefixed) 3097 1200 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(.) 3708 1200 w
(Another) 720 1356 w
(technique) 1076 1356 w
(to) 1493 1356 w
(consider) 1600 1356 w
(is) 1967 1356 w
(to) 2063 1356 w
(convert) 2170 1356 w
(your) 2498 1356 w
(PNM) 2710 1356 w
(image) 2957 1356 w
(to) 3231 1356 w
(the) 3339 1356 w
(linear) 3491 1356 w
(variation) 3748 1356 w
(with) 4133 1356 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnmgamma) 4341 1356 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(,) 4852 1356 w
(run) 4907 1356 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 720 1476 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(on) 1144 1476 w
(it) 1274 1476 w
(and) 1360 1476 w
(other) 1534 1476 w
(transformations) 1769 1476 w
(that) 2426 1476 w
(like) 2606 1476 w
(linear) 2786 1476 w
(PNM,) 3043 1476 w
(and) 3315 1476 w
(then) 3489 1476 w
(convert) 3691 1476 w
(it) 4020 1476 w
(back) 4106 1476 w
(to) 4324 1476 w
(true) 4432 1476 w
(PNM) 4616 1476 w
(with) 4862 1476 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnmgamma \255ungamma) 720 1596 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(.) 1717 1596 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnmgamma) 1792 1596 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(is often faster than) 2328 1596 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 3093 1596 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(in doing the conversion.) 3512 1596 w
(With) 720 1752 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255nomix) 950 1752 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(,) 1250 1752 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255linear) 1305 1752 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(has) 1618 1752 w
(no) 1781 1752 w
(effect.) 1911 1752 w
(That's) 2217 1752 w
(because) 2502 1752 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 2847 1752 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(does) 3271 1752 w
(not) 3484 1752 w
(concern) 3643 1752 w
(itself) 3989 1752 w
(with) 4220 1752 w
(the) 4429 1752 w
(meaning) 4582 1752 w
(of) 4957 1752 w
(the sample values in this method;) 720 1872 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 2081 1872 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(just copies numbers from its input to its output.) 2500 1872 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(Precision) 720 2112 w
(pamscale) 720 2304 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(uses) 1149 2304 w
(floating) 1356 2304 w
(point) 1702 2304 w
(arithmetic) 1943 2304 w
(internally.) 2383 2304 w
(There) 2852 2304 w
(is) 3120 2304 w
(a) 3223 2304 w
(speed) 3303 2304 w
(cost) 3566 2304 w
(associated) 3763 2304 w
(with) 4209 2304 w
(this.) 4423 2304 w
(For) 4654 2304 w
(some) 4829 2304 w
(images,) 720 2424 w
(you) 1058 2424 w
(can) 1238 2424 w
(get) 1406 2424 w
(the) 1558 2424 w
(acceptable) 1710 2424 w
(results) 2160 2424 w
(\(in) 2451 2424 w
(fact,) 2591 2424 w
(sometimes) 2794 2424 w
(identical) 3251 2424 w
(results\)) 3624 2424 w
(faster) 3947 2424 w
(with) 4197 2424 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnmscalefixed) 4404 2424 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(,) 5015 2424 w
(which) 720 2544 w
(uses) 991 2544 w
(fixed) 1190 2544 w
(point) 1422 2544 w
(arithmetic.) 1655 2544 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnmscalefixed) 2137 2544 w
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(may,) 2775 2544 w
(however,) 2999 2544 w
(distort) 3394 2544 w
(your) 3677 2544 w
(image) 3887 2544 w
(a) 4158 2544 w
(little.) 4229 2544 w
(See) 4490 2544 w
(the) 4662 2544 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnm\255) 4812 2544 w
(scalefixed) 720 2664 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(user manual for a complete discussion of the difference.) 1161 2664 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(SEE ALSO) 720 2904 w
(pnmscalefixed) 720 3060 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(,) 1331 3060 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamstretch) 1381 3060 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(,) 1863 3060 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamditherbw) 1913 3060 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(,) 2491 3060 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pbmreduce) 2541 3060 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(,) 3024 3060 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pbmpscale) 3074 3060 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(,) 3530 3060 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamenlarge) 3580 3060 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(,) 4085 3060 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnmsmooth) 4136 3060 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(,) 4642 3060 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamcut) 4693 3060 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(,) 5015 3060 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnmgamma) 720 3180 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(,) 1231 3180 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnmscale) 1281 3180 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(,) 1681 3180 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnm) 1731 3180 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(,) 1926 3180 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pam) 1976 3180 w
(HISTORY) 720 3420 w
(pamscale) 720 3612 w
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(was) 1159 3612 w
(new) 1359 3612 w
(in) 1570 3612 w
(Netpbm) 1693 3612 w
(10.20) 2060 3612 w
(\(January) 2330 3612 w
(2004\).) 2718 3612 w
(It) 3046 3612 w
(was) 3152 3612 w
(adapted) 3352 3612 w
(from,) 3707 3612 w
(and) 3971 3612 w
(obsoleted,) 4161 3612 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnmscale) 4615 3612 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(.) 5015 3612 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 720 3732 w
10 /Times-Roman f
('s) 1114 3732 w
(primary) 1213 3732 w
(difference) 1556 3732 w
(from) 1986 3732 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnmscale) 2207 3732 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(is) 2634 3732 w
(that) 2728 3732 w
(it) 2905 3732 w
(handles) 2988 3732 w
(the) 3320 3732 w
(PAM) 3469 3732 w
(format) 3713 3732 w
(and) 4006 3732 w
(uses) 4176 3732 w
(the) 4374 3732 w
("pam") 4522 3732 w
(facili\255) 4802 3732 w
(ties) 720 3852 w
(of) 893 3852 w
(the) 1010 3852 w
(Netpbm) 1166 3852 w
(programming) 1522 3852 w
(library.) 2100 3852 w
(But) 2450 3852 w
(it) 2629 3852 w
(also) 2719 3852 w
(added) 2914 3852 w
(the) 3186 3852 w
(resampling) 3342 3852 w
(class) 3820 3852 w
(of) 4048 3852 w
(scaling) 4165 3852 w
(method.) 4483 3852 w
(Fur\255) 4868 3852 w
(thermore,) 720 3972 w
(it) 1154 3972 w
(properly) 1259 3972 w
(does) 1646 3972 w
(its) 1878 3972 w
(pixel) 2022 3972 w
(mixing) 2271 3972 w
(arithmetic) 2604 3972 w
(\(by) 3058 3972 w
(default\)) 3240 3972 w
(using) 3599 3972 w
(intensity\255proportional) 3865 3972 w
(values) 4785 3972 w
(instead) 720 4092 w
(of) 1041 4092 w
(the) 1162 4092 w
(gamma\255adjusted) 1322 4092 w
(values) 2020 4092 w
(the) 2313 4092 w
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(pnmscale) 2473 4092 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(uses.) 2911 4092 w
(To) 3171 4092 w
(get) 3320 4092 w
(the) 3480 4092 w
(old) 3640 4092 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnmscale) 3806 4092 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(arithmetic,) 4244 4092 w
(you) 4713 4092 w
(can) 4902 4092 w
(specify the) 720 4212 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(\255linear) 1180 4212 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(option.) 1488 4212 w
(The intensity proportional stuff came out of suggestions by Adam M Costello in January 2004.) 720 4368 w
(The resampling algorithms are mostly taken from code contributed by Michael Reinelt in December 2003.) 720 4524 w
(The version of) 720 4680 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnmscale) 1327 4680 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(from which) 1752 4680 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pamscale) 2240 4680 w
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(was derived, itself evolved) 2659 4680 w
(out) 3755 4680 w
(of) 3909 4680 w
(the) 4018 4680 w
(original) 4166 4680 w
(Pbmplus) 4503 4680 w
(ver\255) 4880 4680 w
(sion of) 720 4800 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(pnmscale) 1020 4800 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(by Jef Poskanzer \(1989, 1991\).) 1445 4800 w
(But none of that original code remains.) 2737 4800 w
10 /S1 f
(________________________________________________________________________) 720 4920 w
10 /Times-Bold f
(Table Of Contents) 720 5160 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode22 f
(\031) 720 5352 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(NAME) 970 5352 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode22 f
(\031) 720 5508 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(SYNOPSIS) 970 5508 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode22 f
(\031) 720 5664 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(DESCRIPTION) 970 5664 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode22 f
(\031) 720 5820 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(The Scale Factors) 970 5820 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode22 f
(\031) 720 5976 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(Usage Notes) 970 5976 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode22 f
(\031) 720 6132 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(Input And Output Image Types) 970 6132 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode22 f
(\031) 720 6288 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(Methods Of Scaling) 970 6288 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode22 f
(\031) 720 6444 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(Pixel Mixing) 970 6444 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode22 f
(\031) 720 6600 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(Discreate Sampling) 970 6600 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode22 f
(\031) 720 6756 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(Resampling) 970 6756 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode22 f
(\031) 720 6948 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(Linear vs Gamma\255adjusted) 970 6948 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode22 f
(\031) 720 7104 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(Precision) 970 7104 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode22 f
(\031) 720 7296 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(SEE ALSO) 970 7296 w
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(\255 8 \255) 2797 480 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode22 f
(\031) 720 840 w
10 /Times-Roman f
(HISTORY) 970 840 w
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