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%%Version: 3.3.2
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%Pages: (atend)
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% Version 3.3.2 prologue for troff files.
%

/#copies 1 store
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/R  /Times-Roman def
/I  /Times-Italic def
/B  /Times-Bold def
/BI /Times-BoldItalic def
/H  /Helvetica def
/HI /Helvetica-Oblique def
/HB /Helvetica-Bold def
/HX /Helvetica-BoldOblique def
/CW /Courier def
/CO /Courier def
/CI /Courier-Oblique def
/CB /Courier-Bold def
/CX /Courier-BoldOblique def
/PA /Palatino-Roman def
/PI /Palatino-Italic def
/PB /Palatino-Bold def
/PX /Palatino-BoldItalic def
/Hr /Helvetica-Narrow def
/Hi /Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique def
/Hb /Helvetica-Narrow-Bold def
/Hx /Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique def
/KR /Bookman-Light def
/KI /Bookman-LightItalic def
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/NR /NewCenturySchlbk-Roman def
/NI /NewCenturySchlbk-Italic def
/NB /NewCenturySchlbk-Bold def
/NX /NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic def
/ZD /ZapfDingbats def
/ZI /ZapfChancery-MediumItalic def
/S  /S def
/S1 /S1 def
/GR /Symbol def

/inch {72 mul} bind def
/min {2 copy gt {exch} if pop} bind def

/show {show} bind def		% so later references don't bind
/widthshow {widthshow} bind def
/stringwidth {stringwidth} bind def

/setup {
	counttomark 2 idiv {def} repeat pop

	landscape {/orientation 90 orientation add def} if
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	pagedimensions
	xcenter ycenter translate
	orientation rotation mul rotate
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	xoffset inch yoffset inch neg translate
	margin 2 div dup neg translate
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	addmetrics
	0 0 moveto
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/pagedimensions {
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	sub /width exch def
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	add 2 div /xcenter exch def
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	userdict /gotpagebbox true put
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/addmetrics {
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} def

/pagesetup {
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	} if
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	{neg setfunnytext}
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/w {neg moveto show} bind def
/m {neg dup /y exch def moveto} bind def
/done {/lastpage where {pop lastpage} if} def

/f {
	dup /font exch def findfont exch
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	linewidth ptsize mul scaling 10 mul div setlinewidth
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} bind def

/changefont {
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	currentfont [
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		0 0
	] makefont setfont
} bind def

/sf {f} bind def

/cf {
	dup length 2 idiv
	/entries exch def
	/chtab exch def
	/newencoding exch def
	/newfont exch def

	findfont dup length 1 add dict
	/newdict exch def
	{1 index /FID ne {newdict 3 1 roll put}{pop pop} ifelse} forall

	newencoding type /arraytype eq {newdict /Encoding newencoding put} if

	newdict /Metrics entries dict put
	newdict /Metrics get
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		1 1 entries {pop def} for
		newfont newdict definefont pop
	end
} bind def

%
% A few arrays used to adjust reference points and character widths in some
% of the printer resident fonts. If square roots are too high try changing
% the lines describing /radical and /radicalex to,
%
%	/radical	[0 -75 550 0]
%	/radicalex	[-50 -75 500 0]
%
% Move braceleftbt a bit - default PostScript character is off a bit.
%

/Sdefs [
	/bracketlefttp		[201 500]
	/bracketleftbt		[201 500]
	/bracketrighttp		[-81 380]
	/bracketrightbt		[-83 380]
	/braceleftbt		[203 490]
	/bracketrightex		[220 -125 500 0]
	/radical		[0 0 550 0]
	/radicalex		[-50 0 500 0]
	/parenleftex		[-20 -170 0 0]
	/integral		[100 -50 500 0]
	/infinity		[10 -75 730 0]
] def

/S1defs [
	/underscore		[0 80 500 0]
	/endash			[7 90 650 0]
] def
%
% Tries to round clipping path dimensions, as stored in array pagebbox, so they
% match one of the known sizes in the papersizes array. Lower left coordinates
% are always set to 0.
%

/roundpagebbox {
    7 dict begin
	/papersizes [8.5 inch 11 inch 14 inch 17 inch] def

	/mappapersize {
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		/slop .5 inch def
		/diff slop def
		/j 0 def
		0 1 papersizes length 1 sub {
			/i exch def
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			dup diff le {/diff exch def /j i def} {pop} ifelse
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	pagebbox 0 0 put
	pagebbox 1 0 put
	pagebbox dup 2 get mappapersize 2 exch put
	pagebbox dup 3 get mappapersize 3 exch put
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} bind def

%%EndProlog
%%BeginSetup
mark
/linewidth 0.5 def
/#copies 1 store
/landscape false def
/resolution 720 def
%
% Encoding vector and redefinition of findfont for the ISO Latin1 standard.
% The 18 characters missing from ROM based fonts on older printers are noted
% below.
%

/ISOLatin1Encoding [
	/.notdef
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	/dollar
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	/ampersand
	/quoteright
	/parenleft
	/parenright
	/asterisk
	/plus
	/comma
	/minus
	/period
	/slash
	/zero
	/one
	/two
	/three
	/four
	/five
	/six
	/seven
	/eight
	/nine
	/colon
	/semicolon
	/less
	/equal
	/greater
	/question
	/at
	/A
	/B
	/C
	/D
	/E
	/F
	/G
	/H
	/I
	/J
	/K
	/L
	/M
	/N
	/O
	/P
	/Q
	/R
	/S
	/T
	/U
	/V
	/W
	/X
	/Y
	/Z
	/bracketleft
	/backslash
	/bracketright
	/asciicircum
	/underscore
	/quoteleft
	/a
	/b
	/c
	/d
	/e
	/f
	/g
	/h
	/i
	/j
	/k
	/l
	/m
	/n
	/o
	/p
	/q
	/r
	/s
	/t
	/u
	/v
	/w
	/x
	/y
	/z
	/braceleft
	/bar
	/braceright
	/asciitilde
	/.notdef
	/.notdef
	/.notdef
	/.notdef
	/.notdef
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	/.notdef
	/.notdef
	/.notdef
	/.notdef
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	/.notdef
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	/.notdef
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	/dotlessi
	/grave
	/acute
	/circumflex
	/tilde
	/macron
	/breve
	/dotaccent
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	/.notdef
	/ring
	/cedilla
	/.notdef
	/hungarumlaut
	/ogonek
	/caron
	/space
	/exclamdown
	/cent
	/sterling
	/currency
	/yen
	/brokenbar		% missing
	/section
	/dieresis
	/copyright
	/ordfeminine
	/guillemotleft
	/logicalnot
	/hyphen
	/registered
	/macron
	/degree			% missing
	/plusminus		% missing
	/twosuperior		% missing
	/threesuperior		% missing
	/acute
	/mu			% missing
	/paragraph
	/periodcentered
	/cedilla
	/onesuperior		% missing
	/ordmasculine
	/guillemotright
	/onequarter		% missing
	/onehalf		% missing
	/threequarters		% missing
	/questiondown
	/Agrave
	/Aacute
	/Acircumflex
	/Atilde
	/Adieresis
	/Aring
	/AE
	/Ccedilla
	/Egrave
	/Eacute
	/Ecircumflex
	/Edieresis
	/Igrave
	/Iacute
	/Icircumflex
	/Idieresis
	/Eth			% missing
	/Ntilde
	/Ograve
	/Oacute
	/Ocircumflex
	/Otilde
	/Odieresis
	/multiply		% missing
	/Oslash
	/Ugrave
	/Uacute
	/Ucircumflex
	/Udieresis
	/Yacute			% missing
	/Thorn			% missing
	/germandbls
	/agrave
	/aacute
	/acircumflex
	/atilde
	/adieresis
	/aring
	/ae
	/ccedilla
	/egrave
	/eacute
	/ecircumflex
	/edieresis
	/igrave
	/iacute
	/icircumflex
	/idieresis
	/eth			% missing
	/ntilde
	/ograve
	/oacute
	/ocircumflex
	/otilde
	/odieresis
	/divide			% missing
	/oslash
	/ugrave
	/uacute
	/ucircumflex
	/udieresis
	/yacute			% missing
	/thorn			% missing
	/ydieresis
] def

/NewFontDirectory FontDirectory maxlength dict def

%
% Apparently no guarantee findfont is defined in systemdict so the obvious
%
%	systemdict /findfont get exec
%
% can generate an error. So far the only exception is a VT600 (version 48.0).
%

userdict /@RealFindfont known not {
	userdict begin
		/@RealFindfont systemdict begin /findfont load end def
	end
} if

/findfont {
	dup NewFontDirectory exch known not {
		dup
		%dup systemdict /findfont get exec	% not always in systemdict
		dup userdict /@RealFindfont get exec
		dup /Encoding get StandardEncoding eq {
			dup length dict begin
				{1 index /FID ne {def}{pop pop} ifelse} forall
				/Encoding ISOLatin1Encoding def
				currentdict
			end
			/DummyFontName exch definefont
		} if
		NewFontDirectory 3 1 roll put
	} if
	NewFontDirectory exch get
} bind def

setup
2 setdecoding
%%EndSetup
%%Page: 1 1
/saveobj save def
mark
1 pagesetup
22 R f
(PLAN 9)1 738 1 2691 2280 t
(from)2846 2544 w
(BELL LABS)1 1166 1 2477 2808 t
(PROGRAMMER'S MANUAL)1 2777 1 1671 3508 t
12 I f
(First Edition)1 620 1 2750 4168 t
(Computing Science Research Center)3 1763 1 2178 6660 t
(AT&T Bell Laboratories)2 1184 1 2468 6780 t
(Murray Hill, New Jersey)3 1194 1 2463 6900 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 1 1
%%Page: 2 2
/saveobj save def
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2 pagesetup
10 I f
(\255\255)1260 120 w
(Copyright \251 1993 AT&T)3 1008 1 2214 5520 t
(Unpublished and not for publication)4 1462 1 1987 5760 t
(All Rights Reserved)2 788 1 2324 5880 t
(PostScript and ThinkJet are registered trademarks.)5 2054 1 1691 6720 t
cleartomark
showpage
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%%EndPage: 2 2
%%Page: 1 3
/saveobj save def
mark
3 pagesetup
12 B f
(PERMUTED INDEX)1 1099 1 2510 1230 t
10 R f
(Manual pages for all sections are accessible on line through)9 2381 1 720 1836 t
10 I f
( n)1 66(m a)1 127 2 3123 1836 t
10 R f
(\(1\).)3324 1836 w
( should)1 303( This)1 239( same page have been collapsed into a single reference.)9 2303(To save space, neighboring references to the)6 1835 4 720 1992 t
(cause no difficulty in cases like `atan' and `atan2', but is somewhat obscure in the case of `strcat' and `strchr'.)19 4397 1 720 2112 t
8 R f
(Disclabel)720 2358 w
8 S1 f
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8 R f
(/)1092 2358 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 1189 2358 t
8 R f
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8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 2358 t
7 R f
(home\(8\))4911 2358 w
8 R f
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8 S1 f
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8 R f
( images by dithering)3 652(create 1\255bit)1 410 2 2332 2448 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 2448 t
7 R f
(floyd\(9.1\))4866 2448 w
8 R f
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8 S1 f
(\261)1979 2538 w
8 R f
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8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 2538 t
7 R f
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8 R f
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8 S1 f
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8 R f
(assemblers)3329 2628 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 2628 t
7 R f
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8 R f
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8 S1 f
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8 R f
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8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 2718 t
7 R f
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8 R f
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8 S1 f
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8 R f
(loaders)3251 2808 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 2808 t
7 R f
(2l\(1\))5012 2808 w
8 R f
( c++/kl, c++/vl, c++/8l, c++/zl)4 971( 2l,)1 154(c++/2c, c++/kc, c++/vc, c++/8c, c++/zc, c++/)5 1452 3 1068 2898 t
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8 R f
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8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 2898 t
7 R f
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8 R f
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8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 1582 2988 t
8 R f
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8 S1 f
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8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2988 t
7 R f
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8 S1 f
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8 R f
(administration for/)1 593 1 1364 3078 t
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 2021 3078 t
8 R f
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8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 4234 3078 t
7 R f
(home\(8\))4911 3078 w
8 R f
(smiley, life, fsim, clock, catclock,/)4 1096 1 720 3168 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 1862 3168 t
8 R f
( ana, gnuchess, juggle, mandel, plumb, quiz,)6 1416(4s, 5s,)1 254 2 2429 3168 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 3168 t
7 R f
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8 R f
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8 R f
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8 I f
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7 R f
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8 S1 f
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8 R f
(C compilers)1 387 1 3214 3348 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 3348 t
7 R f
(2c\(1\))5001 3348 w
8 R f
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8 S1 f
(\261)3077 3438 w
8 R f
(loaders)3149 3438 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 3438 t
7 R f
(2l\(1\))5012 3438 w
8 R f
(8\275)2592 3528 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2712 3528 w
8 R f
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8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 3528 t
7 R f
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8 S1 f
(\261)3399 3618 w
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8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3618 t
7 R f
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8 R f
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8 S1 f
(\261)1040 3708 w
8 R f
(administration for/)1 593 1 1112 3708 t
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 1764 3708 t
8 R f
( 100meg, newkernel, personalize, update,)4 1321( 80meg,)1 309(home, 40meg,)1 454 3 2066 3708 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 4234 3708 t
7 R f
(home\(8\))4911 3708 w
8 R f
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8 S1 f
(\261)3027 3798 w
8 R f
(assemblers)3099 3798 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 3798 t
7 R f
(2a\(1\))5001 3798 w
8 R f
( kc, vc, zc)3 320( 8c,)1 167(2c, 6c,)1 210 3 2310 3888 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3027 3888 w
8 R f
(C compilers)1 387 1 3099 3888 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 3888 t
7 R f
(2c\(1\))5001 3888 w
8 R f
( c++/zl)1 224( 8l,)1 154(/c++/8c, c++/zc, c++/2l, c++/kl, c++/vl, c++/)5 1435 3 1085 3978 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2918 3978 w
8 R f
(C++ compilers and loaders)3 861 1 2990 3978 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 3978 t
7 R f
(c++\(1\))4958 3978 w
8 R f
( kl, vl, zl)3 281( 8l,)1 154(2l, 6l,)1 184 3 2336 4068 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2975 4068 w
8 R f
(loaders)3047 4068 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 4068 t
7 R f
(2l\(1\))5012 4068 w
8 R f
(intro)1645 4158 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1815 4158 w
8 R f
( 9)1 112(introduction to Plan)2 633 2 1887 4158 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)34 1822 1 2697 4158 t
7 R f
(intro\(1\))4934 4158 w
8 R f
(intro)1528 4248 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1698 4248 w
8 R f
( devices)1 258( 9)1 112(introduction to the Plan)3 750 3 1770 4248 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 4248 t
7 R f
(intro\(3\))4934 4248 w
8 R f
(dirconv, dirmodeconv)1 703 1 1205 4338 t
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8 R f
( File protocol)2 429( 9)1 112(interface to Plan)2 520 3 2000 4338 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 3139 4338 t
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8 R f
( File Protocol, 9P)3 559( 9)1 112(introduction to the Plan)3 750 3 1770 4428 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 4428 t
7 R f
(intro\(5\))4934 4428 w
8 R f
(mk9660, pump)1 484 1 1263 4518 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1767 4518 w
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( CD\255ROM images)2 586( 9660)1 232(create and write ISO\255)3 681 3 1839 4518 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 4518 t
7 R f
(mk9660\(8\))4837 4518 w
8 R f
( eject)1 169(dossrv, 9660srv,)1 577 2 2292 4608 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3058 4608 w
8 R f
(DOS and ISO9660 file systems)4 1002 1 3130 4608 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 4608 t
7 R f
(dossrv\(4\))4885 4608 w
8 R f
(service)720 4698 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 988 4698 t
8 R f
( dk232, dkmodem)2 579(srv, 9fs,)1 306 2 2403 4698 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3308 4698 w
8 R f
(start network file)2 542 1 3380 4698 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4698 t
7 R f
(srv\(4\))4982 4698 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1184 4788 w
8 R f
( 9P)1 157(introduction to the Plan 9 File Protocol,)6 1264 2 1256 4788 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2759 4788 t
8 R f
(intro)4386 4788 w
7 R f
(intro\(5\))4934 4788 w
8 R f
(u9fs)2124 4878 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2281 4878 w
8 R f
( from Unix)2 354(serve 9P)1 324 2 2353 4878 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 4878 t
7 R f
(u9fs\(4\))4947 4878 w
8 R f
(mnt)2033 4968 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2177 4968 w
8 R f
( servers)1 244( 9P)1 157(attach to)1 271 3 2249 4968 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 4968 t
7 R f
(mnt\(3\))4957 4968 w
8 R f
(abort)2592 5058 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2775 5058 w
8 R f
(generate a fault)2 488 1 2847 5058 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 5058 t
7 R f
(abort\(2\))4923 5058 w
8 R f
(flush)2289 5148 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5148 w
8 R f
(abort a message)2 507 1 2592 5148 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 5148 t
7 R f
(flush\(5\))4927 5148 w
8 R f
(abs, labs)1 274 1 2592 5238 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2886 5238 w
8 R f
(integer absolute values)2 728 1 2958 5238 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 5238 t
7 R f
(abs\(2\))4974 5238 w
8 R f
(functions)720 5328 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 1087 5328 t
8 R f
(fabs, fmod, floor, ceil)3 688 1 1760 5328 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5328 w
8 R f
(absolute value, remainder, floor, ceiling)4 1268 1 2592 5328 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5328 t
7 R f
(floor\(2\))4931 5328 w
8 R f
(access)2592 5418 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2814 5418 w
8 R f
(determine accessibility of file)3 940 1 2886 5418 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 5418 t
7 R f
(access\(2\))4889 5418 w
8 R f
(getenv, putenv)1 469 1 1979 5508 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5508 w
8 R f
(access environment variables)2 930 1 2592 5508 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 5508 t
7 R f
(getenv\(2\))4880 5508 w
8 R f
(/filesym, fileline, symerror)2 850 1 1169 5598 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2039 5598 w
8 R f
( functions\) syminit, getsym, symbase,/)4 1227( access)1 274(symbol table)1 409 3 2111 5598 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 5598 t
7 R f
(symbol\(findsym,)4670 5598 w
8 R f
(access)1909 5688 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2131 5688 w
8 R f
( of file)2 211(determine accessibility)1 781 2 2203 5688 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 5688 t
7 R f
(access\(2\))4889 5688 w
8 R f
(test)2029 5778 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2159 5778 w
8 R f
( to condition)2 403( according)1 385(set status)1 289 3 2231 5778 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 5778 t
7 R f
(test\(1\))4969 5778 w
8 R f
(acid)2592 5868 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2744 5868 w
8 R f
(debugger)2816 5868 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 5868 t
7 R f
(acid\(1\))4950 5868 w
8 R f
( atan, atan2)2 364( acos,)1 233(sin, cos, tan, asin,)3 564 3 1956 5958 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3137 5958 w
8 R f
(trigonometric functions)1 748 1 3209 5958 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 5958 t
7 R f
(sin\(2\))4985 5958 w
8 R f
(attach, session, nop)2 619 1 1187 6048 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1826 6048 w
8 R f
( activity)1 310(messages to initiate)2 622 2 1898 6048 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 6048 t
7 R f
(attach\(5\))4899 6048 w
8 R f
(sysmon, stats)1 425 1 1214 6138 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1659 6138 w
8 R f
( activity)1 310(display graphs of system)3 789 2 1731 6138 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 6138 t
7 R f
(sysmon\(8\))4853 6138 w
8 R f
(edge3, extremum, median, nonoise, smooth,/)4 1431 1 720 6228 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 2218 6228 t
8 R f
(adapt, ahe, crispen, laplace, edge, edge2,)5 1295 1 2592 6228 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6228 t
7 R f
(filters\(9.1\))4850 6228 w
8 R f
(rshift, inset, rcanon, eqpt, eqrect, ptinrect,/)5 1347 1 720 6318 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 2112 6318 t
8 R f
(add, sub, mul, div, raddp, rsubp, rmul, rdiv,)7 1388 1 2592 6318 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 6318 t
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 6318 w
8 R f
(newuser)2183 6408 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6408 w
8 R f
(adding a new user)3 577 1 2592 6408 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 6408 t
7 R f
(newuser\(8\))4835 6408 w
8 R f
(arp)2081 6498 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2202 6498 w
8 R f
( Resolution Protocol)2 656(Internet Address)1 579 2 2274 6498 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 6498 t
7 R f
(arp\(3\))4978 6498 w
8 R f
(removeuser, enable, disable, expire, status,/)4 1383 1 720 6588 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 2165 6588 t
8 R f
(adduser, changeuser, printnetkey, renameuser,)3 1471 1 2592 6588 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 6588 t
7 R f
(auth\(8\))4946 6588 w
8 R f
(xpand, picnegate)1 539 1 1909 6678 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6678 w
8 R f
(adjust dynamic range)2 680 1 2592 6678 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 6678 t
7 R f
(xpand\(9.1\))4843 6678 w
8 R f
(intro)1566 6768 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1736 6768 w
8 R f
( administration)1 531(introduction to system)2 712 2 1808 6768 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 6768 t
7 R f
(intro\(8\))4934 6768 w
8 R f
(kfscmd, ksync)1 460 1 1871 6858 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2351 6858 w
8 R f
(kfs administration)1 628 1 2423 6858 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 6858 t
7 R f
(kfscmd\(8\))4861 6858 w
8 R f
(newkernel, personalize, update, Disclabel)3 1324 1 1124 6948 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6948 w
8 R f
(administration for local file systems)4 1142 1 2592 6948 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 3776 6948 t
8 R f
(/100meg,)4237 6948 w
7 R f
(home\(8\))4911 6948 w
8 R f
(font utilities)1 386 1 720 7038 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 1162 7038 t
8 R f
( loadchar, Subfont, Fontchar, Font)4 1096(cachechars, agefont,)1 697 2 2153 7038 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3966 7038 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 7038 t
7 R f
(cachechars\(2\))4761 7038 w
8 R f
(ahd)2592 7128 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2727 7128 w
8 R f
(American Heritage Dictionary)2 966 1 2799 7128 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 7128 t
7 R f
(ahd\(7\))4966 7128 w
8 R f
(extremum, median, nonoise, smooth,/)3 1201 1 720 7218 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 1973 7218 t
8 R f
( crispen, laplace, edge, edge2, edge3,)5 1183(adapt, ahe,)1 394 2 2328 7218 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 7218 t
7 R f
(filters\(9.1\))4850 7218 w
10 R f
( 1)1 4427(Plan 9)1 253 2 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 1 3
%%Page: 2 4
/saveobj save def
mark
4 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 720 430 t
8 R f
(sleep, alarm)1 435 1 2337 710 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2792 710 w
8 R f
(delay, ask for delayed note)4 854 1 2864 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 710 t
7 R f
(sleep\(2\))4923 710 w
8 R f
(val, kal)1 234 1 2214 800 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 800 w
8 R f
(ALEF compilers)1 534 1 2592 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 800 t
7 R f
(alef\(1\))4962 800 w
8 R f
(movie)2249 890 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 890 w
8 R f
(algorithm animation)1 647 1 2592 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 890 t
7 R f
(movie\(1\))4891 890 w
8 R f
(dpic, twb)1 297 1 1986 980 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2303 980 w
8 R f
( troff output to picture files)5 862(anti\255 aliased)1 437 2 2375 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 980 t
7 R f
(twb\(9.1\))4909 980 w
8 S1 f
(\261)720 1070 w
8 R f
(mail/)792 1070 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1033 1070 t
8 R f
( smtp, smtpd, uk2uk, vwhois, vismon)5 1196( aliasmail,)1 378(mail, edmail, sendmail, seemail,)3 1026 3 1494 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 1070 t
7 R f
(mail\(1\))4941 1070 w
8 R f
(/wrbitmap, rdbitmapfile, wrbitmapfile)2 1209 1 1239 1160 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1160 w
8 R f
(allocating, freeing, reading, writing bitmaps)4 1397 1 2592 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 1160 t
7 R f
(balloc\(2\))4895 1160 w
8 R f
(brk, sbrk)1 283 1 1635 1250 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1938 1250 w
8 R f
( allocation)1 385(change memory)1 510 2 2010 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 1250 t
7 R f
(brk\(2\))4974 1250 w
8 R f
(segbrk)1706 1340 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1938 1340 w
8 R f
( allocation)1 385(change memory)1 510 2 2010 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 1340 t
7 R f
(segbrk\(2\))4881 1340 w
8 R f
(malloc, free, realloc, calloc, mstats)4 1105 1 1058 1430 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2183 1430 w
8 R f
(memory allocator)1 614 1 2255 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 1430 t
7 R f
(malloc\(2\))4875 1430 w
8 R f
(ahd)2333 1520 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1520 w
8 R f
(American Heritage Dictionary)2 966 1 2592 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 1520 t
7 R f
(ahd\(7\))4966 1520 w
8 R f
(smiley, life, fsim, clock, catclock,/)4 1096 1 720 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1857 1610 t
8 R f
( gnuchess, juggle, mandel, plumb, quiz,)5 1266( ana,)1 202(4s, 5s,)1 202 3 2318 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 1610 t
7 R f
(games\(1\))4888 1610 w
8 R f
(lex)1715 1700 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1832 1700 w
8 R f
( programs)1 320( analysis)1 328(generator of lexical)2 616 3 1904 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 1700 t
7 R f
(lex\(1\))4981 1700 w
8 R f
(movie)1920 1790 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2139 1790 w
8 R f
(algorithm animation)1 699 1 2211 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 1790 t
7 R f
(movie\(1\))4891 1790 w
8 R f
(moto)2084 1880 w
8 S f
(-)2268 1880 w
8 R f
( scripts)1 227(create animation)1 578 2 2332 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 1880 t
7 R f
(moto\(9.1\))4869 1880 w
8 R f
(make and break network/)3 806 1 720 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 1592 1970 t
8 R f
( listen, accept, reject, netmkaddr)4 1029( announce,)1 397(dial, hangup,)1 414 3 2106 1970 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3966 1970 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 1970 t
7 R f
(dial\(2\))4961 1970 w
8 R f
(dpic, twb)1 297 1 2151 2060 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2060 w
8 R f
(anti\255aliased troff output to picture files)5 1227 1 2592 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 2060 t
7 R f
(twb\(9.1\))4909 2060 w
8 R f
(a.out)2592 2150 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2769 2150 w
8 R f
(object file format)2 550 1 2841 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 2150 t
7 R f
(a\(6\))5036 2150 w
8 R f
(pcc)2338 2240 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2240 w
8 R f
(APE C compiler driver)3 737 1 2592 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 2240 t
7 R f
(pcc\(1\))4970 2240 w
8 R f
(aplot)2592 2330 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2771 2330 w
8 R f
(isometric plots of data arrays)4 921 1 2843 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 2330 t
7 R f
(aplot\(9.1\))4873 2330 w
8 R f
(ar)2592 2420 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2673 2420 w
8 R f
(archive and library maintainer)3 958 1 2745 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 2420 t
7 R f
(ar\(1\))5013 2420 w
8 R f
(ar)2592 2510 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2673 2510 w
8 R f
(archive \(library\) file format)3 872 1 2745 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 2510 t
7 R f
(ar\(6\))5013 2510 w
8 R f
(string,/)720 2600 w
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 982 2600 t
8 R f
( circle, disc, ellipse, texture, border,)5 1137( arc,)1 188(/clipline, point, segment, polysegment,)3 1236 3 1284 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2600 t
7 R f
(bitblt\(2\))4917 2600 w
8 R f
(tapefs)2043 2690 w
8 S f
(-)2252 2690 w
8 R f
( file systems)2 397(mount archival)1 531 2 2316 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 2690 t
7 R f
(tapefs\(1\))4900 2690 w
8 R f
(ar)2387 2780 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2780 w
8 R f
(archive and library maintainer)3 958 1 2592 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 2780 t
7 R f
(ar\(1\))5013 2780 w
8 R f
(ar)2387 2870 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2870 w
8 R f
(archive \(library\) file format)3 872 1 2592 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 2870 t
7 R f
(ar\(6\))5013 2870 w
8 R f
(mkfs, mkext, flio)2 548 1 1900 2960 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2960 w
8 R f
(archive or update a file system)5 972 1 2592 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 2960 t
7 R f
(mkfs\(8\))4927 2960 w
8 R f
(tar)2365 3050 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3050 w
8 R f
(archiver)2592 3050 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 3050 t
7 R f
(tar\(1\))4993 3050 w
8 R f
(ARG)2592 3140 w
8 S f
(-)2782 3140 w
8 R f
(process option letters from argv)4 1010 1 2846 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 3140 t
7 R f
(arg\(2\))4978 3140 w
8 R f
(echo)2128 3230 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2298 3230 w
8 R f
(print arguments)1 553 1 2370 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 3230 t
7 R f
(echo\(1\))4935 3230 w
8 R f
(getflags, usage)1 472 1 1575 3320 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2067 3320 w
8 R f
( in argv)2 243( arguments)1 403(process flag)1 381 3 2139 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 3320 t
7 R f
(getflags\(9.2\))4792 3320 w
8 R f
(bc)1764 3410 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1859 3410 w
8 R f
( language)1 307(arbitrary\255precision arithmetic)1 982 2 1931 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 3410 t
7 R f
(bc\(1\))5001 3410 w
8 R f
(/rectXrect, rectclip, Dx, Dy, Pt, Rect, Rpt)6 1318 1 1130 3500 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3500 w
8 R f
(arithmetic on points and rectangles)4 1112 1 2592 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 3500 t
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 3500 w
8 R f
(arp)2592 3590 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2713 3590 w
8 R f
(Internet Address Resolution Protocol)3 1183 1 2785 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3590 t
7 R f
(arp\(3\))4978 3590 w
8 R f
(ipconfig, arpd)1 498 1 2235 3680 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2753 3680 w
8 R f
(Internet configuration)1 694 1 2825 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 3680 t
7 R f
(ipconfig\(8\))4833 3680 w
8 R f
(aplot)1561 3770 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1740 3770 w
8 R f
( arrays)1 265(isometric plots of data)3 708 2 1812 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 3770 t
7 R f
(aplot\(9.1\))4873 3770 w
8 R f
(art, art2pic)1 343 1 2592 3860 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2955 3860 w
8 R f
(edit line\255art)1 367 1 3027 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 3860 t
7 R f
(art\(1\))4993 3860 w
8 S f
(_)1276 3950 w
8 R f
(toupper,)1316 3950 w
8 S f
(_)1599 3950 w
8 R f
(tolower, toupper, tolower)2 809 1 1639 3950 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3950 w
8 R f
(ASCII character classification)2 956 1 2592 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3614 3950 t
8 R f
(/toascii,)4287 3950 w
7 R f
(ctype\(2\))4915 3950 w
8 R f
(xd)1642 4040 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1742 4040 w
8 R f
( dump)1 202( ASCII)1 281(hex, octal, decimal, or)3 706 3 1814 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 4040 t
7 R f
(xd\(1\))4997 4040 w
8 R f
( rune)1 161( ASCII,)1 301(UTF, Unicode,)1 482 3 2038 4130 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3002 4130 w
8 R f
(character set and format)3 763 1 3074 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 4130 t
7 R f
(utf\(6\))4989 4130 w
8 R f
(ascii, unicode)1 437 1 1723 4220 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2180 4220 w
8 R f
( Unicode characters)2 630(interpret ASCII,)1 569 2 2252 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 4220 t
7 R f
(ascii\(1\))4938 4220 w
8 R f
( timezone)1 311( asctime,)1 334(ctime, localtime, gmtime,)2 814 3 1706 4310 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3185 4310 w
8 R f
(convert date and time to)4 768 1 3257 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 4310 t
7 R f
(ctime\(2\))4910 4310 w
8 R f
(functions)720 4400 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 1080 4400 t
8 R f
( acos, atan, atan2)3 545( asin,)1 220(sin, cos, tan,)2 396 3 2124 4400 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3305 4400 w
8 R f
(trigonometric)3377 4400 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 4400 t
7 R f
(sin\(2\))4985 4400 w
8 R f
(sleep, alarm)1 383 1 1853 4490 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2256 4490 w
8 R f
( for delayed note)3 536(delay, ask)1 370 2 2328 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 4490 t
7 R f
(sleep\(2\))4923 4490 w
8 R f
(2a, 6a, 8a, ka, va, za)5 645 1 1803 4580 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4580 w
8 R f
(assemblers)2592 4580 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4580 t
7 R f
(2a\(1\))5001 4580 w
8 R f
(qer)1698 4670 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1819 4670 w
8 R f
( data)1 152( associated)1 398(queue a request and)3 629 3 1891 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 4670 t
7 R f
(qer\(8\))4978 4670 w
8 R f
(astro)2592 4760 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2766 4760 w
8 R f
(print astronomical information)2 975 1 2838 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 4760 t
7 R f
(astro\(7\))4931 4760 w
8 R f
(async)2592 4850 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2793 4850 w
8 R f
(framing for a serial line to Datakit)6 1084 1 2865 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 4850 t
7 R f
(async\(3\))4908 4850 w
8 R f
(notify, noted, atnotify)2 694 1 1522 4940 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2236 4940 w
8 R f
( process notification)2 644(handle asynchronous)1 722 2 2308 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 4940 t
7 R f
(notify\(2\))4899 4940 w
8 R f
( atan2)1 244(sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan,)5 917 2 1603 5030 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2784 5030 w
8 R f
(trigonometric functions)1 748 1 2856 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 5030 t
7 R f
(sin\(2\))4985 5030 w
8 R f
(cleanup)720 5120 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 1037 5120 t
8 R f
( atexitdont)1 390(exits, atexit,)1 386 2 2134 5120 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2930 5120 w
8 R f
(terminate process, process)2 835 1 3002 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5120 t
7 R f
(exits\(2\))4934 5120 w
8 R f
(notification)720 5210 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 1155 5210 t
8 R f
( atnotify)1 319(notify, noted,)1 427 2 2093 5210 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2859 5210 w
8 R f
(handle asynchronous process)2 928 1 2931 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5210 t
7 R f
(notify\(2\))4899 5210 w
8 S1 f
(\261)720 5300 w
8 R f
(convert text to numbers)3 753 1 792 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 1598 5300 t
8 R f
( atol, charstod, strtod, strtol, strtoul)5 1115(atof, atoi,)1 354 2 2377 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5300 t
7 R f
(atof\(2\))4958 5300 w
8 R f
(logo)1595 5390 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1757 5390 w
8 R f
( logo)1 162( AT&T)1 290(convert image into an)3 691 3 1829 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 5390 t
7 R f
(logo\(9.1\))4889 5390 w
8 R f
(activity)720 5480 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 999 5480 t
8 R f
(attach, session, nop)2 619 1 2592 5480 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3231 5480 w
8 R f
(messages to initiate)2 622 1 3303 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 5480 t
7 R f
(attach\(5\))4899 5480 w
8 R f
(mnt)2324 5570 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5570 w
8 R f
(attach to 9P servers)3 620 1 2592 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 5570 t
7 R f
(mnt\(3\))4957 5570 w
8 R f
(stat, wstat)1 318 1 1429 5660 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1767 5660 w
8 R f
( attributes)1 367(inquire or change file)3 681 2 1839 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 5660 t
7 R f
(stat\(5\))4969 5660 w
8 R f
(auth)2592 5750 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2749 5750 w
8 R f
(file system authentication)2 816 1 2821 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 5750 t
7 R f
(auth\(5\))4946 5750 w
8 R f
( passtokey, nvcsum)2 622( authdial,)1 348(auth, srvauth, getchall, challreply, newns,)4 1323 3 1197 5840 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3510 5840 w
8 R f
(network/)3582 5840 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5840 t
7 R f
(auth\(2\))4946 5840 w
8 R f
(Digital Pathways SecureNet Key)3 1051 1 1157 5930 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2228 5930 w
8 R f
( box)1 140(remote authentication)1 742 2 2300 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 5930 t
7 R f
(securenet\(8\))4803 5930 w
8 R f
(keyfs)2276 6020 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6020 w
8 R f
(authentication database files)2 899 1 2592 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 6020 t
7 R f
(keyfs\(4\))4916 6020 w
8 R f
(expire, status, convkeys, wrkey)3 999 1 1151 6110 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2170 6110 w
8 R f
( databases)1 324(maintain authentication)1 800 2 2242 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3402 6110 t
8 R f
(/enable, disable,)1 514 1 4022 6110 t
7 R f
(auth\(8\))4946 6110 w
8 R f
(fsauth, rexauth, chal, changekey)3 1024 1 1424 6200 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6200 w
8 R f
(authentication services)1 725 1 2592 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 6200 t
7 R f
(auth\(6\))4946 6200 w
8 R f
(aux/mouse)2592 6290 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2957 6290 w
8 R f
(configure a mouse to a port)5 872 1 3029 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6290 t
7 R f
(mouse\(8\))4884 6290 w
8 R f
(aux/vga)2592 6380 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2864 6380 w
8 R f
(setup VGA card)2 518 1 2936 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 6380 t
7 R f
(vga\(8\))4966 6380 w
8 R f
(language)720 6470 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 1052 6470 t
8 R f
(awk)2592 6470 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2745 6470 w
8 R f
(pattern\255directed scanning and processing)3 1299 1 2817 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 6470 t
7 R f
(awk\(1\))4951 6470 w
8 R f
(expressions)720 6560 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 1169 6560 t
8 R f
(sam, B)1 274 1 2372 6560 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2666 6560 w
8 R f
(screen editor with structural regular)4 1132 1 2738 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 6560 t
7 R f
(sam\(1\))4954 6560 w
8 R f
(rdbitmapfile, wrbitmapfile)1 842 1 720 6650 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1582 6650 w
8 R f
(allocating,/)1654 6650 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 2059 6650 t
8 R f
(balloc, bfree, rdbitmap, wrbitmap,)3 1088 1 2592 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 6650 t
7 R f
(balloc\(2\))4895 6650 w
8 R f
(basename)2592 6740 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2925 6740 w
8 R f
(strip file name affixes)3 693 1 2997 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 6740 t
7 R f
(basename\(1\))4791 6740 w
8 R f
(bc)2592 6830 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2687 6830 w
8 R f
(arbitrary\255precision arithmetic language)2 1237 1 2759 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 6830 t
7 R f
(bc\(1\))5001 6830 w
8 R f
( Bbuffered)1 342( Bclose,)1 309(Bputc, Bputrune, Bprint, Bwrite, Bflush,)4 1302 3 1218 6920 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3191 6920 w
8 R f
(buffered inpu)1 430 1 3263 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 3763 6920 t
8 R f
(/Blinelen,)4224 6920 w
7 R f
(bio\(2\))4977 6920 w
8 R f
(interpretation\)/)720 7010 w
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 1242 7010 t
8 R f
( leswab, leswal)2 484( beswal,)1 313(loadmap, mget, mput, beswab,)3 976 3 1544 7010 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3337 7010 w
8 R f
(executable file)1 464 1 3409 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 7010 t
7 R f
(mach\(freemap,)4726 7010 w
8 R f
( clipr, cursorswitch, cursorset,/)3 979( bexit,)1 251(berror, bscreenrect, bneed, bflush, bwrite,)4 1325 3 1195 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 3830 7100 t
8 R f
(/bclose,)4291 7100 w
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 7100 w
8 R f
( Blinelen, Bputc, Bputrune, Bprint,/)4 1144( Bfildes,)1 322(/Bungetc, Bungetrune, Bread, Bseek, Boffset,)4 1459 3 1061 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 7190 t
7 R f
(bio\(2\))4977 7190 w
8 R f
( Bclose, Bbuffered)2 599( Bflush,)1 305(/Blinelen, Bputc, Bputrune, Bprint, Bwrite,)4 1381 3 1139 7280 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3444 7280 w
8 R f
(buffered inpu)1 430 1 3516 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 7280 t
7 R f
(bio\(2\))4977 7280 w
10 R f
(2 Manual)1 4680 1 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 2 4
%%Page: 3 5
/saveobj save def
mark
5 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 4765 430 t
8 R f
( bwrite, bexit, clipr, cursorswitch,/)4 1095( bflush,)1 291(/binit, bclose, berror, bscreenrect, bneed,)4 1294 3 1226 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 710 t
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 710 w
8 R f
(wrbitmapfile)720 800 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1150 800 w
8 R f
(allocating, freeing,/)1 619 1 1222 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 1898 800 t
8 R f
( rdbitmap, wrbitmap, rdbitmapfile,)3 1104(balloc, bfree,)1 468 2 2306 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 800 t
7 R f
(balloc\(2\))4895 800 w
8 R f
( Bungetc, Bungetrune, Bread, Bseek,/)4 1205( Bgetd,)1 283(Bopen, Binit, Binits, Brdline, Bgetc, Bgetrune,)5 1497 3 1023 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 890 t
7 R f
(bio\(2\))4977 890 w
8 R f
(and typesetting)1 484 1 720 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 1271 980 t
8 R f
( dvips, dviselect, mf)3 643( bibtex,)1 291(tex, latex, slitex,)2 523 3 1997 980 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3474 980 w
8 R f
(text formatting)1 474 1 3546 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 980 t
7 R f
(tex\(1\))4981 980 w
8 R f
(strip)1589 1070 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1750 1070 w
8 R f
( files)1 156( binary)1 275(remove symbols from)2 698 3 1822 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 1070 t
7 R f
(strip\(1\))4942 1070 w
8 R f
(bind, mount, unmount)2 710 1 2592 1160 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3322 1160 w
8 R f
(change name space)2 613 1 3394 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 1160 t
7 R f
(bind\(1\))4942 1160 w
8 R f
(bind, mount, unmount)2 710 1 2592 1250 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3322 1250 w
8 R f
(change name space)2 613 1 3394 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 1250 t
7 R f
(bind\(2\))4942 1250 w
8 R f
(bflush,/)720 1340 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 1033 1340 t
8 R f
( bclose, berror, bscreenrect, bneed,)4 1106( binit,)1 238(Point, Rectangle, Bitmap, Cursor,)3 1079 3 1441 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 1340 t
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 1340 w
8 R f
(Bungetc, Bungetrune, Bread,/)2 950 1 720 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 1736 1430 t
8 R f
( Brdline, Bgetc, Bgetrune, Bgetd,)4 1068( Binits,)1 283(Bopen, Binit,)1 429 3 2091 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 1430 t
7 R f
(bio\(2\))4977 1430 w
8 R f
(bit)2592 1520 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2696 1520 w
8 R f
(screen graphics, mouse)2 739 1 2768 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 1520 t
7 R f
(bit\(3\))4992 1520 w
8 R f
(floyd, halftone, hysteresis)2 821 1 1333 1610 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2174 1610 w
8 R f
( images by dithering)3 652( bit)1 156(create 1\255)1 274 3 2246 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 1610 t
7 R f
(floyd\(9.1\))4866 1610 w
8 R f
(btrace)2082 1700 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2295 1700 w
8 R f
( protocol)1 285(trace bitblt)1 393 2 2367 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 1700 t
7 R f
(btrace\(8\))4896 1700 w
8 R f
(polysegment, arc, circle, disc,/)3 968 1 720 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 1765 1790 t
8 R f
( clipline, point, segment,)3 787(bitblt, bitbltclip,)1 567 2 2332 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 1790 t
7 R f
(bitblt\(2\))4917 1790 w
8 R f
(bitmap)2592 1880 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2833 1880 w
8 R f
(external format for bitmaps)3 870 1 2905 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 1880 t
7 R f
(bitmap\(6\))4871 1880 w
8 R f
(bscreenrect, bneed, bflush,/)2 871 1 720 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 1671 1970 t
8 R f
( Cursor, binit, bclose, berror,)4 919( Bitmap,)1 327(Point, Rectangle,)1 547 3 1973 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 1970 t
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 1970 w
8 R f
(showimage)2085 2060 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2060 w
8 R f
(bitmap displayer, colormap changer)3 1143 1 2592 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 2060 t
7 R f
(showimage\(7\))4748 2060 w
8 R f
(tweak)2119 2150 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2329 2150 w
8 R f
( files, subfont files, face files, etc.)6 1070(edit bitmap)1 412 2 2401 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 2150 t
7 R f
(tweak\(1\))4900 2150 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1323 2240 w
8 R f
( bitmaps)1 324(allocating, freeing, reading, writing)3 1125 2 1395 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 2919 2240 t
8 R f
(/wrbitmap, rdbitmapfile, wrbitmapfile)2 1209 1 3327 2240 t
7 R f
(balloc\(2\))4895 2240 w
8 R f
(bitmap)1609 2330 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1850 2330 w
8 R f
( bitmaps)1 324(external format for)2 598 2 1922 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 2330 t
7 R f
(bitmap\(6\))4871 2330 w
8 R f
( Bputc, Bputrune, Bprint, Bwrite,/)4 1091( Blinelen,)1 362(/Bungetrune, Bread, Bseek, Boffset, Bfildes,)4 1423 3 1097 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 2420 t
7 R f
(bio\(2\))4977 2420 w
8 R f
(sum)1830 2510 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1983 2510 w
8 R f
( in a file)3 262( blocks)1 280(sum and count)2 465 3 2055 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 2510 t
7 R f
(sum\(1\))4950 2510 w
8 R f
( bflush, bwrite, bexit, clipr,/)4 888( bneed,)1 282(Cursor, binit, bclose, berror, bscreenrect,)4 1299 3 1221 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 3745 2600 t
8 R f
(/Bitmap,)4259 2600 w
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 2600 w
8 R f
( Bfildes, Blinelen, Bputc, Bputrune,/)4 1170( Boffset,)1 326(/Bgetd, Bungetc, Bungetrune, Bread, Bseek,)4 1416 3 1104 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 2690 t
7 R f
(bio\(2\))4977 2690 w
8 R f
(tel, pq)1 199 1 1790 2780 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2009 2780 w
8 R f
( book)1 232(look in phone)2 439 2 2081 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 2780 t
7 R f
(tel\(1\))4996 2780 w
8 R f
(boot)2592 2870 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2754 2870 w
8 R f
(connect to the root file server)5 932 1 2826 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 2870 t
7 R f
(boot\(8\))4942 2870 w
8 R f
(cpurc, termrc)1 422 1 2026 2960 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2960 w
8 R f
(boot script)1 338 1 2592 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 2960 t
7 R f
(cpurc\(8\))4912 2960 w
8 R f
(fs)2033 3050 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2110 3050 w
8 R f
( bootes)1 280(file server,)1 338 2 2182 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 3050 t
7 R f
(fs\(4\))5017 3050 w
8 R f
(booting)2592 3140 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2856 3140 w
8 R f
(bootstrapping procedures)1 806 1 2928 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 3140 t
7 R f
(booting\(8\))4852 3140 w
8 R f
(bootp, rarpd, tftpd)2 579 1 2592 3230 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3191 3230 w
8 R f
(Internet booting)1 510 1 3263 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 3230 t
7 R f
(bootp\(8\))4907 3230 w
8 R f
(Bgetd, Bungetc, Bungetrune, Bread, Bseek,/)4 1416 1 720 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 2218 3320 t
8 R f
(Bopen, Binit, Binits, Brdline, Bgetc, Bgetrune,)5 1497 1 2592 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 3320 t
7 R f
(bio\(2\))4977 3320 w
8 R f
(graphics/)720 3410 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 1084 3410 t
8 R f
( string, strsize, strwidth, Fcode)4 979( border,)1 299(/arc, circle, disc, ellipse, texture,)4 1028 3 1492 3410 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3818 3410 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 3410 t
7 R f
(bitblt\(2\))4917 3410 w
8 R f
(Pathways SecureNet Key)2 810 1 928 3500 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1758 3500 w
8 R f
( box)1 192(remote authentication)1 690 2 1830 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 2794 3500 t
8 R f
(Digital)4315 3500 w
7 R f
(securenet\(8\))4803 3500 w
8 R f
( Bwrite, Bflush, Bclose, Bbuffered)4 1109( Bprint,)1 296(/Boffset, Bfildes, Blinelen, Bputc, Bputrune,)4 1424 3 1096 3590 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3945 3590 w
8 R f
(/)3997 3590 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 3590 t
7 R f
(bio\(2\))4977 3590 w
8 R f
( Bputrune, Bprint, Bwrite, Bflush,/)4 1113( Bputc,)1 283(/Bread, Bseek, Boffset, Bfildes, Blinelen,)4 1321 3 1199 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 3680 t
7 R f
(bio\(2\))4977 3680 w
8 R f
(Bungetrune, Bread,/)1 644 1 720 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 1452 3770 t
8 R f
( Bgetc, Bgetrune, Bgetd, Bungetc,)4 1095( Brdline,)1 331(Bopen, Binit, Binits,)2 660 3 1860 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3770 t
7 R f
(bio\(2\))4977 3770 w
8 R f
(getfields, getmfields, setfields)2 952 1 1496 3860 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3860 w
8 R f
(break a string into fields)4 772 1 2592 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 3860 t
7 R f
(getfields\(2\))4825 3860 w
8 R f
(listen, accept, reject, netmkaddr)3 1009 1 1112 3950 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2141 3950 w
8 R f
( network connections)2 681( break)1 248(make and)1 307 3 2213 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 3506 3950 t
8 R f
(/hangup, announce,)1 622 1 3914 3950 t
7 R f
(dial\(2\))4961 3950 w
8 R f
(brk, sbrk)1 283 1 2592 4040 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2895 4040 w
8 R f
(change memory allocation)2 843 1 2967 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 4040 t
7 R f
(brk\(2\))4974 4040 w
8 R f
(kill, broke)1 379 1 2394 4130 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2793 4130 w
8 R f
(print commands to kill processes)4 1047 1 2865 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4130 t
7 R f
(kill\(1\))4972 4130 w
8 R f
(chdb)1808 4220 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1983 4220 w
8 R f
( browser)1 328(chess database)1 465 2 2055 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 4220 t
7 R f
(chdb\(7\))4931 4220 w
8 R f
(dict)1987 4310 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2126 4310 w
8 R f
(dictionary browser)1 650 1 2198 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 4310 t
7 R f
(dict\(7\))4961 4310 w
8 R f
(clipr,/)720 4400 w
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 969 4400 t
8 R f
( bneed, bflush, bwrite, bexit,)4 911( bscreenrect,)1 452(/Bitmap, Cursor, binit, bclose, berror,)4 1196 3 1324 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4400 t
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 4400 w
8 R f
( Boffset, Bfildes, Blinelen, Bputc,/)4 1107( Bseek,)1 287(/Bgetrune, Bgetd, Bungetc, Bungetrune, Bread,)4 1513 3 1007 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4490 t
7 R f
(bio\(2\))4977 4490 w
8 R f
(btrace)2592 4580 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2805 4580 w
8 R f
(trace bitblt protocol)2 626 1 2877 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 4580 t
7 R f
(btrace\(8\))4896 4580 w
8 R f
(Bprint, Bwrite, Bflush, Bclose, Bbuffered)4 1333 1 1115 4670 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4670 w
8 R f
(buffered inpu)1 430 1 2592 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3089 4670 t
8 R f
(/Blinelen, Bputc, Bputrune,)2 880 1 3656 4670 t
7 R f
(bio\(2\))4977 4670 w
8 R f
(rewind, feof, ferror, clearerr)3 887 1 1272 4760 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2179 4760 w
8 R f
( input/output packa)2 615(standard buffered)1 609 2 2251 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 3548 4760 t
8 R f
(/fsetpos, fseek,)1 474 1 4062 4760 t
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 4760 w
8 R f
(bundle)2592 4850 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2829 4850 w
8 R f
(collect files for distribution)3 866 1 2901 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 4850 t
7 R f
(bundle\(1\))4876 4850 w
8 R f
( Bread, Bseek, Boffset, Bfildes,/)4 1031( Bungetrune,)1 464(/Brdline, Bgetc, Bgetrune, Bgetd, Bungetc,)4 1376 3 1144 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 4940 t
7 R f
(bio\(2\))4977 4940 w
8 R f
( bexit, clipr, cursorswitch, cursorset,/)4 1178( bwrite,)1 295(/bclose, berror, bscreenrect, bneed, bflush,)4 1347 3 1173 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 5030 t
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 5030 w
8 R f
( Bflush, Bclose, Bbuffered)3 852( Bwrite,)1 309(/Bfildes, Blinelen, Bputc, Bputrune, Bprint,)4 1394 3 1126 5120 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3701 5120 w
8 R f
(buffered/)3773 5120 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 5120 t
7 R f
(bio\(2\))4977 5120 w
8 R f
(pcc)2166 5210 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2296 5210 w
8 R f
( compiler driver)2 511(APE C)1 278 2 2368 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 5210 t
7 R f
(pcc\(1\))4970 5210 w
8 R f
(2c, 6c, 8c, kc, vc, zc)5 645 1 1803 5300 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5300 w
8 R f
(C compilers)1 387 1 2592 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 5300 t
7 R f
(2c\(1\))5001 5300 w
8 R f
(cpp)2333 5390 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5390 w
8 R f
(C language preprocessor)2 786 1 2592 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 5390 t
7 R f
(cpp\(1\))4966 5390 w
8 R f
(c++/kl, c++/vl, c++/8l, c++/zl)3 951 1 720 5480 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1691 5480 w
8 R f
(C++/)1763 5480 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 2006 5480 t
8 R f
(c++/2c, c++/kc, c++/vc, c++/8c, c++/zc, c++/2l,)5 1534 1 2592 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 5480 t
7 R f
(c++\(1\))4958 5480 w
8 R f
( cache)1 252(segflush \255 flush segment memory)4 1060 2 1460 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 5570 t
7 R f
(segflush\(2\))4834 5570 w
8 R f
(cfs)2356 5660 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5660 w
8 R f
(cache file system)2 546 1 2592 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 5660 t
7 R f
(cfs\(4\))4986 5660 w
8 R f
(Fontchar, Font)1 470 1 720 5750 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1210 5750 w
8 R f
(font utilities)1 386 1 1282 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 1741 5750 t
8 R f
(cachechars, agefont, loadchar, Subfont,)3 1251 1 2592 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5750 t
7 R f
(cachechars\(2\))4761 5750 w
8 R f
(cal)2592 5840 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2704 5840 w
8 R f
(print calendar)1 438 1 2776 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 5840 t
7 R f
(cal\(1\))4985 5840 w
8 R f
(dc)2207 5930 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2302 5930 w
8 R f
(desk calculator)1 530 1 2374 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 5930 t
7 R f
(dc\(1\))5001 5930 w
8 R f
(syscall)1806 6020 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2042 6020 w
8 R f
( call)1 186(test a system)2 406 2 2114 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 6020 t
7 R f
(syscall\(1\))4876 6020 w
8 R f
(errstr)1452 6110 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1638 6110 w
8 R f
( error)1 173( call)1 186(description of last system)3 810 3 1710 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 6110 t
7 R f
(errstr\(2\))4920 6110 w
8 R f
( mstats)1 223( calloc,)1 281(malloc, free, realloc,)2 653 3 1867 6200 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3044 6200 w
8 R f
(memory allocator)1 562 1 3116 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 6200 t
7 R f
(malloc\(2\))4875 6200 w
8 R f
(aux/vga)1814 6290 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2086 6290 w
8 R f
( card)1 208(setup VGA)1 362 2 2158 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 6290 t
7 R f
(vga\(8\))4966 6290 w
8 R f
(card, ramp)1 339 1 2592 6380 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2951 6380 w
8 R f
(create simple color fields)3 799 1 3023 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 6380 t
7 R f
(card\(9.1\))4894 6380 w
8 R f
(cat, read)1 268 1 2592 6470 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2880 6470 w
8 R f
(catenate files)1 415 1 2952 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 6470 t
7 R f
(cat\(1\))4985 6470 w
8 R f
(scat)2194 6560 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2337 6560 w
8 R f
(sky catalogue)1 487 1 2409 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 6560 t
7 R f
(scat\(7\))4958 6560 w
8 R f
( fireworks, swar, zork)3 695( catclock,)1 356(/mandel, plumb, quiz, smiley, life, fsim, clock,)6 1487 3 1033 6650 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3591 6650 w
8 R f
(time wasters)1 399 1 3663 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 6650 t
7 R f
(games\(1\))4888 6650 w
8 R f
(cat, read)1 268 1 2180 6740 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6740 w
8 R f
(catenate files)1 415 1 2592 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 6740 t
7 R f
(cat\(1\))4985 6740 w
8 R f
(wait, whatis,)1 405 1 720 6830 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1145 6830 w
8 R f
(command language)1 621 1 1217 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 1925 6830 t
8 R f
( eval, exec, exit, flag, newpgrp, shift,)6 1179(rc, cd,)1 248 2 2439 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 6830 t
7 R f
(rc\(1\))5013 6830 w
8 R f
(mk9660, pump)1 484 1 1103 6920 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1607 6920 w
8 R f
( images)1 245( CD\255ROM)1 393(create and write ISO\2559660)3 841 3 1679 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 6920 t
7 R f
(mk9660\(8\))4837 6920 w
8 R f
(ceiling functions)1 532 1 720 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 1293 7010 t
8 R f
( ceil)1 186(fabs, fmod, floor,)2 554 2 1966 7010 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2726 7010 w
8 R f
(absolute value, remainder, floor,)3 1032 1 2798 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 7010 t
7 R f
(floor\(2\))4931 7010 w
8 R f
(cfs)2592 7100 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2704 7100 w
8 R f
(cache file system)2 546 1 2776 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 7100 t
7 R f
(cfs\(4\))4986 7100 w
8 R f
( changekey)1 360( chal,)1 224(fsauth, rexauth,)1 492 3 2028 7190 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3124 7190 w
8 R f
(authentication services)1 725 1 3196 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 7190 t
7 R f
(auth\(6\))4946 7190 w
8 R f
( key)1 135( chal,)1 224(stats, lights, noise, sysstat, hz, swap, crypt,)6 1360 3 1160 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 2951 7280 t
8 R f
(/group ids, user, null, klog,)4 859 1 3677 7280 t
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 7280 w
10 R f
( 3)1 4427(Plan 9)1 253 2 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 3 5
%%Page: 4 6
/saveobj save def
mark
6 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 720 430 t
8 S1 f
(\261)720 710 w
8 R f
(network/)792 710 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 1125 710 t
8 R f
( newns, authdial, passtokey, nvcsum)4 1162( challreply,)1 409(auth, srvauth, getchall,)2 722 3 1798 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 710 t
7 R f
(auth\(2\))4946 710 w
8 R f
(stat, wstat)1 318 1 1799 800 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2137 800 w
8 R f
( file attributes)2 440( change)1 297(inquire or)1 311 3 2209 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 800 t
7 R f
(stat\(5\))4969 800 w
8 R f
(chgrp)2267 890 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 890 w
8 R f
(change file group)2 556 1 2592 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 890 t
7 R f
(chgrp\(1\))4908 890 w
8 R f
(seek)2307 980 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 980 w
8 R f
(change file offset)2 550 1 2592 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 980 t
7 R f
(seek\(2\))4943 980 w
8 R f
(passwd, typepasswd, netkey)2 899 1 1557 1070 t
8 S f
(-)2476 1070 w
8 R f
(change login password)2 730 1 2592 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 1070 t
7 R f
(passwd\(1\))4862 1070 w
8 R f
(brk, sbrk)1 283 1 2165 1160 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1160 w
8 R f
(change memory allocation)2 843 1 2592 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 1160 t
7 R f
(brk\(2\))4974 1160 w
8 R f
(segbrk)2236 1250 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1250 w
8 R f
(change memory allocation)2 843 1 2592 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 1250 t
7 R f
(segbrk\(2\))4881 1250 w
8 R f
(chmod)2231 1340 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1340 w
8 R f
(change mode)1 422 1 2592 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 1340 t
7 R f
(chmod\(1\))4876 1340 w
8 R f
(bind, mount, unmount)2 710 1 1738 1430 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1430 w
8 R f
(change name space)2 613 1 2592 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 1430 t
7 R f
(bind\(1\))4942 1430 w
8 R f
(bind, mount, unmount)2 710 1 1738 1520 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1520 w
8 R f
(change name space)2 613 1 2592 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 1520 t
7 R f
(bind\(2\))4942 1520 w
8 R f
(clwalk)1129 1610 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1361 1610 w
8 R f
( to a file within it)5 550( change)1 297(clone, then search a directory, and)5 1087 3 1433 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 1610 t
7 R f
(clwalk\(5\))4880 1610 w
8 R f
(chdir)2285 1700 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1700 w
8 R f
(change working directory)2 817 1 2592 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 1700 t
7 R f
(chdir\(2\))4923 1700 w
8 R f
( changekey)1 412(fsauth, rexauth, chal,)2 664 2 1856 1790 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2952 1790 w
8 R f
(authentication services)1 725 1 3024 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 1790 t
7 R f
(auth\(6\))4946 1790 w
8 R f
(showimage)1193 1880 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1576 1880 w
8 R f
( changer)1 323(bitmap displayer, colormap)2 872 2 1648 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 1880 t
7 R f
(showimage\(7\))4748 1880 w
8 R f
(removeuser, enable, disable, expire,/)3 1162 1 720 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 1951 1970 t
8 R f
( printnetkey, renameuser,)2 807(adduser, changeuser,)1 716 2 2253 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 1970 t
7 R f
(auth\(8\))4946 1970 w
8 R f
(pipe)1605 2060 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1762 2060 w
8 R f
( channel)1 319(create an interprocess)2 686 2 1834 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 2060 t
7 R f
(pipe\(2\))4946 2060 w
8 S f
(_)1047 2150 w
8 R f
(toupper,)1087 2150 w
8 S f
(_)1370 2150 w
8 R f
(tolower, toupper, tolower)2 809 1 1410 2150 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2239 2150 w
8 R f
( classification)1 438(ASCII character)1 570 2 2311 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3376 2150 t
8 R f
(/isascii, toascii,)1 487 1 4049 2150 t
7 R f
(ctype\(2\))4915 2150 w
8 R f
(freq)1727 2240 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1874 2240 w
8 R f
( frequencies)1 385( character)1 361(print histogram of)2 574 3 1946 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 2240 t
7 R f
(freq\(1\))4955 2240 w
8 R f
(UTF, Unicode, ASCII, rune)3 892 1 1556 2330 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2330 w
8 R f
(character set and format)3 763 1 2592 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 2330 t
7 R f
(utf\(6\))4989 2330 w
8 R f
(tcs)2072 2420 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2180 2420 w
8 R f
( sets)1 139(translate character)1 629 2 2252 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 2420 t
7 R f
(tcs\(1\))4989 2420 w
8 R f
(ascii, unicode)1 437 1 1184 2510 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1641 2510 w
8 R f
( characters)1 392(interpret ASCII, Unicode)2 807 2 1713 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 2510 t
7 R f
(ascii\(1\))4938 2510 w
8 R f
(keyboard)1755 2600 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2071 2600 w
8 R f
( characters)1 392(how to type)2 377 2 2143 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 2600 t
7 R f
(keyboard\(6\))4807 2600 w
8 R f
(tr)2112 2690 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2180 2690 w
8 R f
(translate characters)1 660 1 2252 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 2690 t
7 R f
(tr\(1\))5024 2690 w
8 R f
(text to numbers)2 495 1 720 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 1280 2780 t
8 R f
( strtod, strtol, strtoul)3 647( charstod,)1 361(atof, atoi, atol,)2 461 3 2059 2780 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3548 2780 w
8 R f
(convert)3620 2780 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2780 t
7 R f
(atof\(2\))4958 2780 w
8 R f
(utfrrune, utfutf)1 471 1 720 2870 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1211 2870 w
8 R f
(rune/UTF/)1283 2870 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1700 2870 t
8 R f
( runelen, fullrune, utflen, utfrune,)4 1063(runetochar, chartorune,)1 790 2 2161 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 2870 t
7 R f
(rune\(2\))4943 2870 w
8 R f
( Pconv, Rconv)2 469( charwidth,)1 410(cursorswitch, cursorset, rdfontfile, ffree,)3 1279 3 1241 2960 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3419 2960 w
8 R f
(graphics)3491 2960 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 3835 2960 t
8 R f
(/clipr,)4349 2960 w
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 2960 w
8 R f
(chdb)2592 3050 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2767 3050 w
8 R f
(chess database browser)2 741 1 2839 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 3050 t
7 R f
(chdb\(7\))4931 3050 w
8 R f
(chdir)2592 3140 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2775 3140 w
8 R f
(change working directory)2 817 1 2847 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 3140 t
7 R f
(chdir\(2\))4923 3140 w
8 R f
(chgrp)2592 3230 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2793 3230 w
8 R f
(change file group)2 556 1 2865 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 3230 t
7 R f
(chgrp\(1\))4908 3230 w
8 R f
(cputime, times)1 468 1 1074 3320 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1562 3320 w
8 R f
( children)1 332(cpu time in this process and)5 886 2 1634 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 3320 t
7 R f
(cputime\(2\))4840 3320 w
8 R f
(chmod)2592 3410 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2829 3410 w
8 R f
(change mode)1 422 1 2901 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 3410 t
7 R f
(chmod\(1\))4876 3410 w
8 R f
( disc, ellipse, texture, border, string,/)5 1165( circle,)1 267(/clipline, point, segment, polysegment, arc,)4 1372 3 1148 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3500 t
7 R f
(bitblt\(2\))4917 3500 w
8 R f
( c++/vl, c++/8l, c++/zl)3 722( c++/kl,)1 301(c++/2c, c++/kc, c++/vc, c++/8c, c++/zc, c++/2l,)5 1534 3 986 3590 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3563 3590 w
8 R f
(C++ compilers/)1 499 1 3635 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 3590 t
7 R f
(c++\(1\))4958 3590 w
8 S f
(_)1061 3680 w
8 R f
(tolower, toupper, tolower)2 809 1 1101 3680 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1930 3680 w
8 R f
( classification)1 490(ASCII character)1 518 2 2002 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3053 3680 t
8 R f
(/isascii, toascii,)1 487 1 3726 3680 t
8 S f
(_)4233 3680 w
8 R f
(toupper,)4273 3680 w
7 R f
(ctype\(2\))4915 3680 w
8 R f
(atexitdont)1275 3770 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1613 3770 w
8 R f
( cleanup)1 319(terminate process, process)2 835 2 1685 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 2894 3770 t
8 R f
(exits, atexit,)1 386 1 4150 3770 t
7 R f
(exits\(2\))4934 3770 w
8 R f
( clearerr)1 312(/ftell, fsetpos, fseek, rewind, feof, ferror,)5 1288 2 1232 3860 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2852 3860 w
8 R f
(standard buffered input/output/)2 989 1 2924 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 3860 t
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 3860 w
8 R f
(circle, disc, ellipse,/)2 632 1 720 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 1438 3950 t
8 R f
( point, segment, polysegment, arc,)4 1092( clipline,)1 330(bitblt, bitbltclip,)1 515 3 2005 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3950 t
7 R f
(bitblt\(2\))4917 3950 w
8 R f
( cursorswitch, cursorset, rdfontfile,/)3 1133( clipr,)1 237(/bscreenrect, bneed, bflush, bwrite, bexit,)4 1313 3 1207 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4040 t
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 4040 w
8 R f
(rtc)2060 4130 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2163 4130 w
8 R f
( and non\255volatile RAM)3 742(real\255time clock)1 529 2 2235 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 4130 t
7 R f
(rtc\(3\))4993 4130 w
8 R f
( catclock, fireworks, swar, zork)4 999( clock,)1 264(/mandel, plumb, quiz, smiley, life, fsim,)5 1275 3 1245 4220 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3803 4220 w
8 R f
(time/)3875 4220 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 4220 t
7 R f
(games\(1\))4888 4220 w
8 R f
(cron)2307 4310 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4310 w
8 R f
(clock daemon)1 444 1 2592 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 4310 t
7 R f
(cron\(8\))4943 4310 w
8 R f
(klog, stats, lights, noise,/)3 790 1 720 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1558 4400 t
8 R f
(cons)2019 4400 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2185 4400 w
8 R f
( process/process group ids, user, null,)5 1193(console, clocks,)1 558 2 2257 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 4400 t
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 4400 w
8 R f
(clone)2592 4490 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2784 4490 w
8 R f
(duplicate a fid)2 454 1 2856 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 4490 t
7 R f
(clone\(5\))4915 4490 w
8 R f
(file within it)2 393 1 720 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 1192 4580 t
8 R f
(clwalk)2236 4580 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4580 w
8 R f
(clone, then search a directory, and change to a)8 1469 1 2592 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 4580 t
7 R f
(clwalk\(5\))4880 4580 w
8 R f
(create file)1 313 1 720 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 1073 4670 t
8 R f
( close)1 235(open, create,)1 403 2 2117 4670 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2775 4670 w
8 R f
(open a file for reading or writing,)6 1061 1 2847 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4670 t
7 R f
(open\(2\))4931 4670 w
8 R f
(clunk)2592 4760 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2789 4760 w
8 R f
(forget about a fid)3 549 1 2861 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 4760 t
7 R f
(clunk\(5\))4911 4760 w
8 R f
(change to a file within it)5 775 1 720 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 1582 4850 t
8 R f
(clwalk)2592 4850 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2824 4850 w
8 R f
(clone, then search a directory, and)5 1087 1 2896 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 4850 t
7 R f
(clwalk\(5\))4880 4850 w
8 R f
(cmap)2592 4940 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2784 4940 w
8 R f
(color map format)2 551 1 2856 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 4940 t
7 R f
(cmap\(9.6\))4862 4940 w
8 R f
(cmap, remap)1 410 1 2592 5030 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3022 5030 w
8 R f
(map colors)1 351 1 3094 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 5030 t
7 R f
(remap\(9.1\))4839 5030 w
8 R f
(cmp)2592 5120 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2749 5120 w
8 R f
(compare two files)2 569 1 2821 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 5120 t
7 R f
(cmp\(1\))4946 5120 w
8 R f
(bundle)2231 5210 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5210 w
8 R f
(collect files for distribution)3 866 1 2592 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 5210 t
7 R f
(bundle\(1\))4876 5210 w
8 R f
(mcut, improve, quantize, dither)3 998 1 1210 5300 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2228 5300 w
8 R f
( compression)1 422(picture color)1 455 2 2300 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3224 5300 t
8 R f
(3to1,)4374 5300 w
7 R f
(quantize\(9.1\))4776 5300 w
8 R f
(card, ramp)1 339 1 1669 5390 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2028 5390 w
8 R f
( fields)1 196( color)1 235(create simple)1 420 3 2100 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 5390 t
7 R f
(card\(9.1\))4894 5390 w
8 R f
(cmap)2276 5480 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5480 w
8 R f
(color map format)2 551 1 2592 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 5480 t
7 R f
(cmap\(9.6\))4862 5480 w
8 R f
(getcmap)1968 5570 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2257 5570 w
8 R f
( map from a file)4 511( color)1 235(read a)1 191 3 2329 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 5570 t
7 R f
(getcmap\(9.2\))4776 5570 w
8 R f
(RGB, rgbpix, rdcolmap, wrcolmap)3 1112 1 1104 5660 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2236 5660 w
8 R f
( screens)1 253(handle color)1 447 2 2308 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 5660 t
7 R f
(rgbpix\(2\))4884 5660 w
8 R f
(showimage)1513 5750 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1896 5750 w
8 R f
( changer)1 271( colormap)1 372(bitmap displayer,)1 552 3 1968 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 5750 t
7 R f
(showimage\(7\))4748 5750 w
8 R f
(cmap, remap)1 410 1 1881 5840 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2311 5840 w
8 R f
(map colors)1 403 1 2383 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 5840 t
7 R f
(remap\(9.1\))4839 5840 w
8 R f
(lerp)2125 5930 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2268 5930 w
8 R f
( of images)2 331(linear combinations)1 681 2 2340 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 5930 t
7 R f
(lerp\(9.1\))4905 5930 w
8 R f
(lam, posit, piccat, picjoin)3 804 1 1644 6020 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6020 w
8 R f
(combine several images)2 763 1 2592 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 6020 t
7 R f
(lam\(9.1\))4908 6020 w
8 R f
(sorted files)1 350 1 720 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 1158 6110 t
8 R f
(comm)2592 6110 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2811 6110 w
8 R f
(select or reject lines common to two)6 1152 1 2883 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 6110 t
7 R f
(comm\(1\))4891 6110 w
8 R f
(time)2091 6200 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2252 6200 w
8 R f
( command)1 386(time a)1 196 2 2324 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 6200 t
7 R f
(time\(1\))4941 6200 w
8 R f
(scsi)2139 6290 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2278 6290 w
8 R f
( interface)1 296(SCSI command)1 556 2 2350 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 6290 t
7 R f
(scsi\(3\))4962 6290 w
8 R f
(exit, flag, newpgrp, shift, wait, whatis,)5 1227 1 1221 6380 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6380 w
8 R f
(command language)1 621 1 2592 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3257 6380 t
8 R f
(rc, cd, eval, exec,)3 553 1 3983 6380 t
7 R f
(rc\(1\))5013 6380 w
8 R f
(doctype)2008 6470 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2280 6470 w
8 R f
( line for formatting a document)5 995(intuit command)1 554 2 2352 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6470 t
7 R f
(doctype\(1\))4845 6470 w
8 R f
(smtp, smtpd, uk2uk, vwhois, vismon)4 1176 1 1111 6560 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2307 6560 w
8 R f
(mail commands)1 558 1 2379 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 2988 6560 t
8 R f
(/edmail, sendmail, seemail, aliasmail,)3 1193 1 3343 6560 t
7 R f
(mail\(1\))4941 6560 w
8 R f
(kill, broke)1 327 1 1951 6650 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2298 6650 w
8 R f
( to kill processes)3 532(print commands)1 567 2 2370 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 6650 t
7 R f
(kill\(1\))4972 6650 w
8 R f
(stop, start)1 309 1 1969 6740 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2298 6740 w
8 R f
( to stop and start processes)5 850(print commands)1 567 2 2370 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 6740 t
7 R f
(stop\(1\))4950 6740 w
8 R f
(comm)1598 6830 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1817 6830 w
8 R f
( to two sorted files)4 592( common)1 351(select or reject lines)3 631 3 1889 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 6830 t
7 R f
(comm\(1\))4891 6830 w
8 R f
(pipe)1609 6920 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1766 6920 w
8 R f
( communication)1 567(two\255way interprocess)1 682 2 1838 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 6920 t
7 R f
(pipe\(3\))4946 6920 w
8 R f
(scc, duart, uart)2 467 1 1790 7010 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2277 7010 w
8 R f
( control)1 245(serial communication)1 738 2 2349 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 7010 t
7 R f
(scc\(3\))4978 7010 w
8 R f
(stream)1773 7100 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2004 7100 w
8 R f
( communications)1 598(a structure for)2 444 2 2076 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 7100 t
7 R f
(stream\(3\))4880 7100 w
8 R f
(diff)1838 7190 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1972 7190 w
8 R f
( comparator)1 433(differential file)1 476 2 2044 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 7190 t
7 R f
(diff\(1\))4966 7190 w
8 R f
(cmp)2311 7280 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 7280 w
8 R f
(compare two files)2 569 1 2592 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 7280 t
7 R f
(cmp\(1\))4946 7280 w
10 R f
(4 Manual)1 4680 1 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 4 6
%%Page: 5 7
/saveobj save def
mark
7 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 4765 430 t
8 R f
(pcc)2092 710 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2222 710 w
8 R f
( driver)1 209( compiler)1 354(APE C)1 226 3 2294 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 710 t
7 R f
(pcc\(1\))4970 710 w
8 R f
(yacc)1928 800 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2093 800 w
8 R f
( compiler\255compiler)1 662(yet another)1 355 2 2165 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 800 t
7 R f
(yacc\(1\))4939 800 w
8 R f
(2c, 6c, 8c, kc, vc, zc)5 645 1 1729 890 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2394 890 w
8 R f
(C compilers)1 439 1 2466 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 890 t
7 R f
(2c\(1\))5001 890 w
8 R f
(val, kal)1 234 1 1993 980 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2247 980 w
8 R f
(ALEF compilers)1 586 1 2319 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 980 t
7 R f
(alef\(1\))4962 980 w
8 R f
(c++/2l, c++/kl, c++/vl, c++/8l, c++/zl)4 1200 1 1084 1070 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2304 1070 w
8 R f
( and loaders)2 384(C++ compilers)1 529 2 2376 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 3345 1070 t
8 R f
(/c++/vc, c++/8c, c++/zc,)2 783 1 3753 1070 t
7 R f
(c++\(1\))4958 1070 w
8 R f
(data)720 1160 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 893 1160 t
8 R f
(compress, uncompress)1 720 1 2592 1160 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3332 1160 w
8 R f
(compress and expand)2 685 1 3404 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 1160 t
7 R f
(compress\(1\))4803 1160 w
8 R f
(improve, quantize, dither)2 799 1 1226 1250 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2045 1250 w
8 R f
( compression)1 474(picture color)1 403 2 2117 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3078 1250 t
8 R f
(3to1, mcut,)1 361 1 4175 1250 t
7 R f
(quantize\(9.1\))4776 1250 w
8 R f
(lum)2324 1340 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1340 w
8 R f
(compute luminance)1 625 1 2592 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 1340 t
7 R f
(lum\(9.1\))4904 1340 w
8 R f
(login, execution, and XMODEM file transfer)5 1439 1 720 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 2218 1430 t
8 R f
(con, telnet, hayes, cu, rx, xms, xmr)6 1114 1 2592 1430 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3726 1430 w
8 R f
(remote)3798 1430 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 1430 t
7 R f
(con\(1\))4966 1430 w
8 R f
(conc)2592 1520 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2762 1520 w
8 R f
(Datakit concentrator)1 650 1 2834 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 1520 t
7 R f
(conc\(3\))4935 1520 w
8 R f
(test)1614 1610 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1744 1610 w
8 R f
( condition)1 373(set status according to)3 704 2 1816 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 1610 t
7 R f
(test\(1\))4969 1610 w
8 R f
(ipconfig, arpd)1 446 1 1736 1700 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2202 1700 w
8 R f
(Internet configuration)1 746 1 2274 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 1700 t
7 R f
(ipconfig\(8\))4833 1700 w
8 R f
(aux/mouse)2103 1790 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1790 w
8 R f
(configure a mouse to a port)5 872 1 2592 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 1790 t
7 R f
(mouse\(8\))4884 1790 w
8 R f
(dkconfig, dkstat)1 513 1 1935 1880 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1880 w
8 R f
(configure Datakit interface)2 854 1 2592 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 1880 t
7 R f
(dkconfig\(8\))4818 1880 w
8 R f
(fsconfig)2188 1970 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1970 w
8 R f
(configuring a file server)3 764 1 2592 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 1970 t
7 R f
(fsconfig\(8\))4838 1970 w
8 R f
(boot)2306 2060 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2060 w
8 R f
(connect to the root file server)5 932 1 2592 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 2060 t
7 R f
(boot\(8\))4942 2060 w
8 R f
(init)1670 2150 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1796 2150 w
8 R f
( connection)1 421(initialize machine or)2 652 2 1868 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 2150 t
7 R f
(init\(8\))4972 2150 w
8 R f
(cpu)2333 2240 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2240 w
8 R f
(connection to cpu server)3 779 1 2592 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 2240 t
7 R f
(cpu\(1\))4966 2240 w
8 R f
(reject, netmkaddr)1 555 1 1089 2330 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1664 2330 w
8 R f
( connections)1 452(make and break network)3 784 2 1736 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 3052 2330 t
8 R f
(/hangup, announce, listen, accept,)3 1076 1 3460 2330 t
7 R f
(dial\(2\))4961 2330 w
8 R f
(netstat)1592 2420 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1819 2420 w
8 R f
( connections)1 452(summarize network)1 629 2 1891 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 2420 t
7 R f
(netstat\(1\))4883 2420 w
8 R f
(user, null, klog, stats, lights,/)4 918 1 720 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 1682 2510 t
8 R f
(cons)2302 2510 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2510 w
8 R f
(console, clocks, process/process group ids,)4 1363 1 2592 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 2510 t
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 2510 w
8 R f
(rl)2018 2600 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2086 2600 w
8 R f
( in libraries)2 361( contents)1 337(put table of)2 362 3 2158 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 2600 t
7 R f
(rl\(1\))5024 2600 w
8 R f
(ls, lc)1 150 1 2181 2690 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2351 2690 w
8 R f
( of directory)2 392(list contents)1 434 2 2423 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 2690 t
7 R f
(ls\(1\))5020 2690 w
8 R f
(scc, duart, uart)2 467 1 1275 2780 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1762 2780 w
8 R f
( control)1 297(serial communication)1 686 2 1834 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 2780 t
7 R f
(scc\(3\))4978 2780 w
8 R f
(scuzz)1882 2870 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2078 2870 w
8 R f
( control)1 297(SCSI target)1 370 2 2150 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 2870 t
7 R f
(scuzz\(8\))4912 2870 w
8 R f
(getfcr, setfcr, getfsr, setfsr)3 830 1 1618 2960 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2960 w
8 R f
(control floating point)2 676 1 2592 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 2960 t
7 R f
(getfcr\(2\))4904 2960 w
8 R f
(help)1984 3050 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2141 3050 w
8 R f
( help windows)2 466( control)1 297(make and)1 307 3 2213 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 3050 t
7 R f
(help\(4\))4946 3050 w
8 R f
(fone)2307 3140 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3140 w
8 R f
(control ISDN telephone)2 761 1 2592 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 3140 t
7 R f
(fone\(1\))4943 3140 w
8 R f
(dirconv, dirmodeconv)1 703 1 720 3230 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1443 3230 w
8 R f
(/)1495 3230 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 1601 3230 t
8 R f
( convM2S, convM2D, getS, fcallconv,)4 1232( convD2M,)1 416(fcall, convS2M,)1 511 3 2009 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 4234 3230 t
7 R f
(fcall\(2\))4942 3230 w
8 R f
(dk)2114 3320 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2214 3320 w
8 R f
(Datakit conversations)1 743 1 2286 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 3320 t
7 R f
(dk\(3\))4997 3320 w
8 R f
(utflen, utfrune, utfrrune, utfutf)3 965 1 1148 3410 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2133 3410 w
8 R f
(rune/UTF conversion)1 736 1 2205 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3019 3410 t
8 R f
(/chartorune, runelen, fullrune,)2 950 1 3586 3410 t
7 R f
(rune\(2\))4943 3410 w
8 R f
(units)2293 3500 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3500 w
8 R f
(conversion program)1 638 1 2592 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 3500 t
7 R f
(units\(1\))4930 3500 w
8 R f
(dd)2368 3590 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3590 w
8 R f
(convert and copy a file)4 728 1 2592 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 3590 t
7 R f
(dd\(1\))4997 3590 w
8 R f
(ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone)4 1407 1 1041 3680 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3680 w
8 R f
(convert date and time to)4 768 1 2592 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 3680 t
7 R f
(ctime\(2\))4910 3680 w
8 R f
(logo)2306 3770 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3770 w
8 R f
(convert image into an AT&T logo)5 1091 1 2592 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 3770 t
7 R f
(logo\(9.1\))4889 3770 w
8 R f
(/nasa2pic, pcx2pic, picopic, utah2pic)3 1180 1 1268 3860 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3860 w
8 R f
(convert other formats to picture files)5 1161 1 2592 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 3860 t
7 R f
(dumppic\(9.1\))4768 3860 w
8 R f
(pic2ps)2240 3950 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3950 w
8 R f
(convert picture file into postscript language)5 1383 1 2592 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3950 t
7 R f
(pic2ps\(9.1\))4831 3950 w
8 R f
(atol, charstod, strtod, strtol, strtoul)4 1095 1 1353 4040 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4040 w
8 R f
(convert text to numbers)3 753 1 2592 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3402 4040 t
8 R f
(atof, atoi,)1 302 1 4234 4040 t
7 R f
(atof\(2\))4958 4040 w
8 R f
( wrkey)1 219( convkeys,)1 393(/removeuser, enable, disable, expire, status,)4 1383 3 1137 4130 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3152 4130 w
8 R f
(maintain authentication/)1 770 1 3224 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 4130 t
7 R f
(auth\(8\))4946 4130 w
8 R f
(dirmodeconv)720 4220 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1160 4220 w
8 R f
(/)1212 4220 w
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 1290 4220 t
8 R f
( convM2D, getS, fcallconv, dirconv,)4 1164( convM2S,)1 403(fcall, convS2M, convD2M,)2 875 3 1645 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 4220 t
7 R f
(fcall\(2\))4942 4220 w
8 R f
(push, pull, Rpush, Rpull)3 778 1 1051 4310 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1849 4310 w
8 R f
( copy)1 227(Datakit remote file)2 599 2 1921 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 4310 t
7 R f
(push\(1\))4935 4310 w
8 R f
(dd)1975 4400 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2075 4400 w
8 R f
( a file)2 180( copy)1 227(convert and)1 373 3 2147 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4400 t
7 R f
(dd\(1\))4997 4400 w
8 R f
(cp, mv, rename)2 490 1 1958 4490 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4490 w
8 R f
(copy, move files)2 528 1 2592 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 4490 t
7 R f
(cp\(1\))5001 4490 w
8 R f
(drop, save, flip)2 477 1 1971 4580 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4580 w
8 R f
(copy picture files to and from screen)6 1164 1 2592 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 4580 t
7 R f
(drop\(9.1\))4886 4580 w
8 R f
(pcp)2333 4670 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4670 w
8 R f
(copy pictures)1 426 1 2592 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 4670 t
7 R f
(pcp\(9.1\))4913 4670 w
8 R f
(trigonometric functions)1 748 1 720 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 1522 4760 t
8 R f
( tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2)5 850(sin, cos,)1 311 2 2407 4760 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3588 4760 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 4760 t
7 R f
(sin\(2\))4985 4760 w
8 R f
( tanh)1 157(sinh, cosh,)1 391 2 2367 4850 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2935 4850 w
8 R f
(hyperbolic functions)1 656 1 3007 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 4850 t
7 R f
(sinh\(2\))4950 4850 w
8 R f
(wc)2171 4940 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2284 4940 w
8 R f
(word count)1 413 1 2356 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 4940 t
7 R f
(wc\(1\))4986 4940 w
8 R f
(sum)2027 5030 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2180 5030 w
8 R f
( blocks in a file)4 490( count)1 249(sum and)1 268 3 2252 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 5030 t
7 R f
(sum\(1\))4950 5030 w
8 R f
(cp, mv, rename)2 490 1 2592 5120 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3102 5120 w
8 R f
(copy, move files)2 528 1 3174 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 5120 t
7 R f
(cp\(1\))5001 5120 w
8 R f
(cpp)2592 5210 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2727 5210 w
8 R f
(C language preprocessor)2 786 1 2799 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 5210 t
7 R f
(cpp\(1\))4966 5210 w
8 R f
(cpu)2592 5300 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2727 5300 w
8 R f
(connection to cpu server)3 779 1 2799 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 5300 t
7 R f
(cpu\(1\))4966 5300 w
8 R f
(cpurc, termrc)1 422 1 2592 5390 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3034 5390 w
8 R f
(boot script)1 338 1 3106 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 5390 t
7 R f
(cpurc\(8\))4912 5390 w
8 R f
(children)720 5480 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 1052 5480 t
8 R f
(cputime, times)1 468 1 2592 5480 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3080 5480 w
8 R f
(cpu time in this process and)5 886 1 3152 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 5480 t
7 R f
(cputime\(2\))4840 5480 w
8 R f
(leswal)1288 5570 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1511 5570 w
8 R f
( newmap, setmap, unusemap,)3 938( crackhdr,)1 369(executable file interpretation\))2 937 3 1583 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 3865 5570 t
8 R f
(/leswab,)4273 5570 w
7 R f
(mach\(freemap,)4726 5570 w
8 R f
(or new file)2 344 1 720 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 1142 5660 t
8 R f
(open, create)1 435 1 2345 5660 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2800 5660 w
8 R f
(prepare a fid for I/O on an existing)7 1105 1 2872 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 5660 t
7 R f
(open\(5\))4931 5660 w
8 R f
(floyd, halftone, hysteresis)2 821 1 1627 5750 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5750 w
8 R f
(create 1\255bit images by dithering)4 1010 1 2592 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 5750 t
7 R f
(floyd\(9.1\))4866 5750 w
8 R f
(pipe)2311 5840 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5840 w
8 R f
(create an interprocess channel)3 953 1 2592 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 5840 t
7 R f
(pipe\(2\))4946 5840 w
8 R f
(mk9660, pump)1 484 1 1964 5930 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5930 w
8 R f
(create and write ISO\2559660 CD\255ROM images)5 1427 1 2592 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 5930 t
7 R f
(mk9660\(8\))4837 5930 w
8 R f
(moto)2292 6020 w
8 S f
(-)2476 6020 w
8 R f
(create animation scripts)2 753 1 2592 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 6020 t
7 R f
(moto\(9.1\))4869 6020 w
8 R f
(writing, create file)2 583 1 720 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 1354 6110 t
8 R f
( close)1 183(open, create,)1 455 2 2345 6110 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3003 6110 w
8 R f
(open a file for reading or)5 791 1 3075 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 6110 t
7 R f
(open\(2\))4931 6110 w
8 R f
(card, ramp)1 339 1 2109 6200 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6200 w
8 R f
(create simple color fields)3 799 1 2592 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 6200 t
7 R f
(card\(9.1\))4894 6200 w
8 R f
(median, nonoise, smooth, shadepic/)3 1137 1 720 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . .)3 179 1 1929 6290 t
8 R f
( laplace, edge, edge2, edge3, extremum,)5 1276( crispen,)1 321(adapt, ahe,)1 342 3 2178 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 6290 t
7 R f
(filters\(9.1\))4850 6290 w
8 R f
(cron)2592 6380 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2753 6380 w
8 R f
(clock daemon)1 444 1 2825 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 6380 t
7 R f
(cron\(8\))4943 6380 w
8 R f
( chal, key)2 307( crypt,)1 255(klog, stats, lights, noise, sysstat, hz, swap,)6 1339 3 1181 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3133 6470 t
8 R f
(/group ids, user, null,)3 677 1 3859 6470 t
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 6470 w
8 R f
( dns, dnsquery)2 463( csquery,)1 339(query, mkhash, mkdb, cs,)3 817 3 1703 6560 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3342 6560 w
8 R f
(network database)1 554 1 3414 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 6560 t
7 R f
(ndb\(8\))4962 6560 w
8 R f
(convert date and time to)4 768 1 720 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 1529 6650 t
8 R f
(ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone)4 1407 1 2592 6650 t
8 S1 f
(\261)4019 6650 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 6650 t
7 R f
(ctime\(2\))4910 6650 w
8 R f
(and XMODEM file transfer)3 886 1 720 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 1646 6740 t
8 R f
( rx, xms, xmr)3 427( cu,)1 167(con, telnet, hayes,)2 572 3 1948 6740 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3134 6740 w
8 R f
(remote login, execution,)2 773 1 3206 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 6740 t
7 R f
(con\(1\))4966 6740 w
8 R f
(getwd)2136 6830 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2351 6830 w
8 R f
( directory)1 306(get current)1 393 2 2423 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 6830 t
7 R f
(getwd\(2\))4896 6830 w
8 R f
(bneed, bflush,/)1 471 1 720 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1237 6920 t
8 R f
( binit, bclose, berror, bscreenrect,)4 1062( Cursor,)1 309(Point, Rectangle, Bitmap,)2 822 3 1698 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6920 t
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 6920 w
8 R f
( rdfontfile, ffree, charwidth, Pconv,/)4 1147( cursorset,)1 378(/bflush, bwrite, bexit, clipr, cursorswitch,)4 1314 3 1206 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 7010 t
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 7010 w
8 R f
(cyc)2592 7100 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2722 7100 w
8 R f
(Cyclone fiber interface)2 731 1 2794 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 7100 t
7 R f
(cyc\(3\))4970 7100 w
8 R f
( c++/zl)1 276(c++/8c, c++/zc, c++/2l, c++/kl, c++/vl, c++/8l,)5 1495 2 1025 7190 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2816 7190 w
8 R f
(C++ compilers and loaders)3 861 1 2888 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 3811 7190 t
8 R f
(/c++/vc,)4272 7190 w
7 R f
(c++\(1\))4958 7190 w
8 R f
(cron)2115 7280 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2276 7280 w
8 R f
(clock daemon)1 496 1 2348 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 7280 t
7 R f
(cron\(8\))4943 7280 w
10 R f
( 5)1 4427(Plan 9)1 253 2 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 5 7
%%Page: 6 8
/saveobj save def
mark
8 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 720 430 t
8 R f
(compress, uncompress)1 720 1 1023 710 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1763 710 w
8 R f
( data)1 204(compress and expand)2 685 2 1835 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 710 t
7 R f
(compress\(1\))4803 710 w
8 R f
(prof, kprof)1 344 1 1556 800 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1920 800 w
8 R f
( data)1 204(display profiling)1 528 2 1992 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 800 t
7 R f
(prof\(1\))4951 800 w
8 R f
(qer)1352 890 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1473 890 w
8 R f
( data)1 204(queue a request and associated)4 975 2 1545 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 890 t
7 R f
(qer\(8\))4978 890 w
8 R f
(aplot)1713 980 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1892 980 w
8 R f
( arrays)1 213( data)1 204(isometric plots of)2 556 3 1964 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 980 t
7 R f
(aplot\(9.1\))4873 980 w
8 R f
(read, write)1 339 1 1848 1070 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2207 1070 w
8 R f
( from and to a file)5 571(transfer data)1 445 2 2279 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 1070 t
7 R f
(read\(5\))4947 1070 w
8 R f
(ipinfo, ndbhash, ndbseek, ndbparse)3 1124 1 1043 1160 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2187 1160 w
8 R f
(network database)1 606 1 2259 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 2902 1160 t
8 R f
(/ndbsnext, ndbgetval, ndbfree, ipattr,)3 1173 1 3363 1160 t
7 R f
(ndb\(2\))4962 1160 w
8 R f
(ndb)2029 1250 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2169 1250 w
8 R f
(Network database)1 624 1 2241 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 1250 t
7 R f
(ndb\(6\))4962 1250 w
8 R f
(mkdb, cs, csquery, dns, dnsquery)4 1058 1 1109 1340 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2187 1340 w
8 R f
(network database)1 606 1 2259 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 2950 1340 t
8 R f
(query, mkhash,)1 489 1 4047 1340 t
7 R f
(ndb\(8\))4962 1340 w
8 R f
(tiger)1508 1430 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1673 1430 w
8 R f
( database)1 345(United States street map)3 775 2 1745 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 1430 t
7 R f
(tiger\(7\))4938 1430 w
8 R f
(chdb)2101 1520 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2276 1520 w
8 R f
( browser)1 276(chess database)1 517 2 2348 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 1520 t
7 R f
(chdb\(7\))4931 1520 w
8 R f
(keyfs)1806 1610 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1998 1610 w
8 R f
( files)1 156(authentication database)1 795 2 2070 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 1610 t
7 R f
(keyfs\(4\))4916 1610 w
8 R f
(convkeys, wrkey)1 540 1 1140 1700 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1700 1700 w
8 R f
( databases)1 376(maintain authentication)1 748 2 1772 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 2943 1700 t
8 R f
(/enable, disable, expire, status,)3 973 1 3563 1700 t
7 R f
(auth\(8\))4946 1700 w
8 R f
(intro)1807 1790 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1977 1790 w
8 R f
( databases)1 376(introduction to)1 471 2 2049 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 1790 t
7 R f
(intro\(7\))4934 1790 w
8 R f
(async)1417 1880 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1618 1880 w
8 R f
( Datakit)1 306(framing for a serial line to)5 830 2 1690 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 1880 t
7 R f
(async\(3\))4908 1880 w
8 R f
(conc)2298 1970 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1970 w
8 R f
(Datakit concentrator)1 650 1 2592 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 1970 t
7 R f
(conc\(3\))4935 1970 w
8 R f
(dk)2368 2060 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2060 w
8 R f
(Datakit conversations)1 691 1 2592 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 2060 t
7 R f
(dk\(3\))4997 2060 w
8 R f
(incon, hsvme, hs386)2 656 1 1792 2150 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2150 w
8 R f
(Datakit interface)1 530 1 2592 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 2150 t
7 R f
(datakit\(3\))4875 2150 w
8 R f
(dkconfig, dkstat)1 513 1 1611 2240 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2144 2240 w
8 R f
( interface)1 296(configure Datakit)1 610 2 2216 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 2240 t
7 R f
(dkconfig\(8\))4818 2240 w
8 R f
(push, pull, Rpush, Rpull)3 778 1 1670 2330 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2330 w
8 R f
(Datakit remote file copy)3 774 1 2592 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 2330 t
7 R f
(push\(1\))4935 2330 w
8 R f
(date)2592 2420 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2744 2420 w
8 R f
(print the date)2 419 1 2816 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 2420 t
7 R f
(date\(1\))4950 2420 w
8 R f
(localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone)3 1191 1 999 2510 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2210 2510 w
8 R f
( and time to)3 378(convert date)1 442 2 2282 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3190 2510 t
8 R f
(ctime,)4340 2510 w
7 R f
(ctime\(2\))4910 2510 w
8 R f
(touch)1737 2600 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1934 2600 w
8 R f
( of a file)3 266( date)1 204(set modification)1 514 3 2006 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 2600 t
7 R f
(touch\(1\))4911 2600 w
8 R f
(db, dbfmt)1 362 1 2420 2690 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2802 2690 w
8 R f
(debugger)2874 2690 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 2690 t
7 R f
(db\(1\))4997 2690 w
8 R f
(dc)2592 2780 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2687 2780 w
8 R f
(desk calculator)1 478 1 2759 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 2780 t
7 R f
(dc\(1\))5001 2780 w
8 R f
(dd)2592 2870 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2692 2870 w
8 R f
(convert and copy a file)4 728 1 2764 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 2870 t
7 R f
(dd\(1\))4997 2870 w
8 R f
(acid)2316 2960 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2960 w
8 R f
(debugger)2592 2960 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 2960 t
7 R f
(acid\(1\))4950 2960 w
8 R f
(db, dbfmt)1 310 1 2138 3050 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3050 w
8 R f
(debugger)2592 3050 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 3050 t
7 R f
(db\(1\))4997 3050 w
8 R f
(xd)2019 3140 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2119 3140 w
8 R f
( or ASCII dump)3 517( decimal,)1 343(hex, octal,)1 329 3 2191 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 3140 t
7 R f
(xd\(1\))4997 3140 w
8 R f
( netcrypt)1 280(encrypt, decrypt,)1 588 2 2262 3230 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3150 3230 w
8 R f
(DES encryption)1 512 1 3222 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 3230 t
7 R f
(encrypt\(2\))4857 3230 w
8 R f
(deroff, delatex)1 514 1 2307 3320 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2841 3320 w
8 R f
(remove formatting requests)2 873 1 2913 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 3320 t
7 R f
(deroff\(1\))4897 3320 w
8 R f
(sleep, alarm)1 383 1 2065 3410 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3410 w
8 R f
(delay, ask for delayed note)4 854 1 2592 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 3410 t
7 R f
(sleep\(2\))4923 3410 w
8 R f
(fcall)1812 3500 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1972 3500 w
8 R f
( delimiters)1 389(recreate packet)1 476 2 2044 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 3500 t
7 R f
(fcall\(3\))4942 3500 w
8 R f
(tail)2347 3590 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3590 w
8 R f
(deliver the last part of a file)6 876 1 2592 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 3590 t
7 R f
(tail\(1\))4976 3590 w
8 R f
(deroff, delatex)1 462 1 2592 3680 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3074 3680 w
8 R f
(remove formatting requests)2 873 1 3146 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 3680 t
7 R f
(deroff\(1\))4897 3680 w
8 R f
(encrypt, decrypt, netcrypt)2 816 1 1632 3770 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3770 w
8 R f
(DES encryption)1 512 1 2592 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 3770 t
7 R f
(encrypt\(2\))4857 3770 w
8 R f
(walk)2293 3860 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3860 w
8 R f
(descend a directory hierarchy)3 936 1 2592 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 3860 t
7 R f
(walk\(5\))4931 3860 w
8 R f
(namespace)1712 3950 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2080 3950 w
8 R f
( file)1 125( description)1 425(name space)1 368 3 2152 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 3950 t
7 R f
(namespace\(6\))4760 3950 w
8 R f
(errstr)2282 4040 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4040 w
8 R f
(description of last system call error)5 1117 1 2592 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 4040 t
7 R f
(errstr\(2\))4920 4040 w
8 R f
(dup)1622 4130 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1762 4130 w
8 R f
( descriptor)1 389(duplicate an open file)3 686 2 1834 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 4130 t
7 R f
(dup\(2\))4962 4130 w
8 R f
(dc)2373 4220 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4220 w
8 R f
(desk calculator)1 478 1 2592 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 4220 t
7 R f
(dc\(1\))5001 4220 w
8 R f
(lance)1704 4310 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1891 4310 w
8 R f
( device)1 279(LANCE Ethernet)1 557 2 1963 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 4310 t
7 R f
(lance\(3\))4919 4310 w
8 R f
(intro)1468 4400 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1638 4400 w
8 R f
( devices)1 310(introduction to the Plan 9)4 810 2 1710 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 4400 t
7 R f
(intro\(3\))4934 4400 w
8 R f
(netmkaddr)720 4490 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1080 4490 w
8 R f
(make and break network/)3 806 1 1152 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 2006 4490 t
8 R f
(dial, hangup, announce, listen, accept, reject,)5 1428 1 2592 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 4490 t
7 R f
(dial\(2\))4961 4490 w
8 R f
(dict)2592 4580 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2731 4580 w
8 R f
(dictionary browser)1 598 1 2803 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 4580 t
7 R f
(dict\(7\))4961 4580 w
8 R f
(ahd)1707 4670 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1842 4670 w
8 R f
( Dictionary)1 412(American Heritage)1 606 2 1914 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4670 t
7 R f
(ahd\(7\))4966 4670 w
8 R f
(oed)1819 4760 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1954 4760 w
8 R f
( Dictionary)1 412(Oxford English)1 494 2 2026 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4760 t
7 R f
(oed\(7\))4966 4760 w
8 R f
(dict)2329 4850 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4850 w
8 R f
(dictionary browser)1 598 1 2592 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 4850 t
7 R f
(dict\(7\))4961 4850 w
8 R f
(diff)2592 4940 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2726 4940 w
8 R f
(differential file comparator)2 857 1 2798 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 4940 t
7 R f
(diff\(1\))4966 4940 w
8 R f
(authentication box)1 590 1 720 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 1370 5030 t
8 R f
(Digital Pathways SecureNet Key)3 1051 1 2592 5030 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3663 5030 w
8 R f
(remote)3735 5030 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 5030 t
7 R f
(securenet\(8\))4803 5030 w
8 R f
(map)2311 5120 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5120 w
8 R f
(digitized map formats)2 697 1 2592 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 5120 t
7 R f
(map\(6\))4946 5120 w
8 R f
( dirmodeconv)1 440( dirconv,)1 335(/convD2M, convM2S, convM2D, getS, fcallconv,)4 1598 3 922 5210 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3315 5210 w
8 R f
(interface to Plan 9/)3 602 1 3387 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 5210 t
7 R f
(fcall\(2\))4942 5210 w
8 R f
(awk)2049 5300 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2202 5300 w
8 R f
( scanning and processing language)4 1105(pattern\255 directed)1 573 2 2274 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 5300 t
7 R f
(awk\(1\))4951 5300 w
8 R f
(chdir)1754 5390 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1937 5390 w
8 R f
( directory)1 358(change working)1 511 2 2009 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 5390 t
7 R f
(chdir\(2\))4923 5390 w
8 R f
(dirread)2068 5480 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2312 5480 w
8 R f
(read directory)1 494 1 2384 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 5480 t
7 R f
(dirread\(2\))4869 5480 w
8 R f
(getwd)1892 5570 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2107 5570 w
8 R f
( directory)1 358(get current)1 341 2 2179 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 5570 t
7 R f
(getwd\(2\))4896 5570 w
8 R f
(ls, lc)1 150 1 1810 5660 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1980 5660 w
8 R f
( directory)1 358(list contents of)2 468 2 2052 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 5660 t
7 R f
(ls\(1\))5020 5660 w
8 R f
(mkdir)2011 5750 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2221 5750 w
8 R f
( directory)1 358(make a)1 227 2 2293 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 5750 t
7 R f
(mkdir\(1\))4899 5750 w
8 R f
(pwd, pbd)1 298 1 1864 5840 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2182 5840 w
8 R f
(working directory)1 624 1 2254 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 5840 t
7 R f
(pwd\(1\))4947 5840 w
8 R f
(clwalk)1590 5930 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1822 5930 w
8 R f
( and change to a file within it)7 930( directory,)1 378(clone, then search a)3 626 3 1894 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5930 t
7 R f
(clwalk\(5\))4880 5930 w
8 R f
(walk)1962 6020 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2137 6020 w
8 R f
( hierarchy)1 319( directory)1 358(descend a)1 311 3 2209 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 6020 t
7 R f
(walk\(5\))4931 6020 w
8 R f
( dirfwstat)1 354(wstat, fwstat, dirstat, dirfstat, dirwstat,)4 1220 2 1300 6110 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2894 6110 w
8 R f
(get and put file status)4 680 1 2966 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3685 6110 t
8 R f
(/fstat,)4358 6110 w
7 R f
(stat\(2\))4969 6110 w
8 R f
( dirmodeconv)1 492(/convM2S, convM2D, getS, fcallconv, dirconv,)4 1517 2 1003 6200 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3032 6200 w
8 R f
(interface to Plan 9 File/)4 746 1 3104 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 6200 t
7 R f
(fcall\(2\))4942 6200 w
8 R f
(dirread)2592 6290 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2836 6290 w
8 R f
(read directory)1 442 1 2908 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 6290 t
7 R f
(dirread\(2\))4869 6290 w
8 R f
( dirfwstat)1 302( dirwstat,)1 348(stat, fstat, wstat, fwstat, dirstat, dirfstat,)5 1250 3 1270 6380 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3190 6380 w
8 R f
(get and put file status)4 680 1 3262 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 6380 t
7 R f
(stat\(2\))4969 6380 w
8 R f
( expire, status, convkeys, wrkey)4 1019( disable,)1 317(/printnetkey, renameuser, removeuser, enable,)3 1466 3 1054 6470 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3876 6470 w
8 R f
(/)3928 6470 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 6470 t
7 R f
(auth\(8\))4946 6470 w
8 R f
( ellipse, texture, border, string,/)4 997( disc,)1 220(/point, segment, polysegment, arc, circle,)4 1309 3 1211 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 6560 t
7 R f
(bitblt\(2\))4917 6560 w
8 R f
( Disclabel)1 372(/80meg, 100meg, newkernel, personalize, update,)4 1580 2 940 6650 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2912 6650 w
8 R f
(administration for local file/)3 892 1 2984 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 6650 t
7 R f
(home\(8\))4911 6650 w
8 R f
(kfs)2351 6740 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6740 w
8 R f
(disk file system)2 499 1 2592 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 6740 t
7 R f
(kfs\(4\))4982 6740 w
8 R f
(floppy)2012 6830 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2240 6830 w
8 R f
( interface)1 296(floppy disk)1 413 2 2312 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 6830 t
7 R f
(floppy\(3\))4884 6830 w
8 R f
(hard, wren)1 340 1 1947 6920 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2307 6920 w
8 R f
( interface)1 296(hard disk)1 346 2 2379 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 6920 t
7 R f
(hard\(3\))4943 6920 w
8 R f
(du)2368 7010 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 7010 w
8 R f
(disk usage)1 334 1 2592 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 7010 t
7 R f
(du\(1\))4997 7010 w
8 R f
(disk/prep)2592 7100 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2908 7100 w
8 R f
(make disk partition table)3 788 1 2980 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 7100 t
7 R f
(prep\(8\))4943 7100 w
8 R f
(sysmon, stats)1 425 1 2023 7190 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 7190 w
8 R f
(display graphs of system activity)4 1047 1 2592 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 7190 t
7 R f
(sysmon\(8\))4853 7190 w
8 R f
(prof, kprof)1 344 1 2104 7280 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 7280 w
8 R f
(display profiling data)2 680 1 2592 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 7280 t
7 R f
(prof\(1\))4951 7280 w
10 R f
(6 Manual)1 4680 1 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 6 8
%%Page: 7 9
/saveobj save def
mark
9 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 4765 430 t
8 R f
(showimage)1844 710 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2227 710 w
8 R f
( colormap changer)2 591(bitmap displayer,)1 604 2 2299 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 710 t
7 R f
(showimage\(7\))4748 710 w
8 R f
(hypot)1928 800 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2130 800 w
8 R f
(Euclidean distance)1 650 1 2202 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 800 t
7 R f
(hypot\(2\))4907 800 w
8 R f
(bundle)1732 890 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1969 890 w
8 R f
( distribution)1 439(collect files for)2 479 2 2041 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 890 t
7 R f
(bundle\(1\))4876 890 w
8 R f
( dither)1 257(3to1, mcut, improve, quantize,)3 975 2 1545 980 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2797 980 w
8 R f
(picture color compression)2 825 1 2869 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 980 t
7 R f
(quantize\(9.1\))4776 980 w
8 R f
(halftone, hysteresis)1 613 1 1112 1070 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1745 1070 w
8 R f
( dithering)1 359(create 1\255bit images by)3 703 2 1817 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 2933 1070 t
8 R f
(floyd,)4348 1070 w
7 R f
(floyd\(9.1\))4866 1070 w
8 R f
(rcanon, eqpt, eqrect, ptinrect,/)3 950 1 720 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 1715 1160 t
8 R f
( raddp, rsubp, rmul, rdiv, rshift, inset,)6 1193( div,)1 194(add, sub, mul,)2 450 3 2070 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 1160 t
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 1160 w
8 R f
(dk)2592 1250 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2692 1250 w
8 R f
(Datakit conversations)1 691 1 2764 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 1250 t
7 R f
(dk\(3\))4997 1250 w
8 R f
( dkmodem)1 339( dk232,)1 292(srv, 9fs,)1 254 3 2266 1340 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3171 1340 w
8 R f
(start network file service)3 786 1 3243 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 1340 t
7 R f
(srv\(4\))4982 1340 w
8 R f
(dkconfig, dkstat)1 513 1 2592 1430 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3125 1430 w
8 R f
(configure Datakit interface)2 854 1 3197 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 1430 t
7 R f
(dkconfig\(8\))4818 1430 w
8 R f
(dkexportfs, dkexportfs0, dkrexexec,/)2 1168 1 720 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 1973 1520 t
8 R f
( dkcpunote, dkdiscard, dkecho,)3 991(listen, dkcpu,)1 479 2 2328 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 1520 t
7 R f
(listen\(8\))4914 1520 w
8 R f
( dklogin, dkfsauth, dkrexauth, dkchal,/)4 1230( dkdcon,)1 327(/dkexportfs0, dkrexexec, dkwhoami, dksmtp,)3 1440 3 1080 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 1610 t
7 R f
(listen\(8\))4914 1610 w
8 R f
(dkrexexec, dkwhoami,/)1 745 1 720 1700 t
8 I f
(. . .)2 126 1 1525 1700 t
8 R f
( dkecho, dkexportfs, dkexportfs0,)3 1070( dkdiscard,)1 401(listen, dkcpu, dkcpunote,)2 799 3 1721 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 1700 t
7 R f
(listen\(8\))4914 1700 w
8 R f
( dkrexauth, dkchal, dkchangekey,/)3 1092( dkfsauth,)1 366(/dkrexexec, dkwhoami, dksmtp, dkdcon, dklogin,)4 1579 3 941 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 1790 t
7 R f
(listen\(8\))4914 1790 w
8 R f
( il7, il9, il56)3 392( dkguard,)1 353(dkrexauth, dkchal, dkchangekey, dkcheck,)3 1355 3 1165 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3316 1880 t
8 R f
(/dklogin, dkfsauth,)1 600 1 3936 1880 t
7 R f
(listen\(8\))4914 1880 w
8 R f
( dkmodem)1 391(srv, 9fs, dk232,)2 494 2 2026 1970 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2931 1970 w
8 R f
(start network file service)3 786 1 3003 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 1970 t
7 R f
(srv\(4\))4982 1970 w
8 R f
( dkchal, dkchangekey, dkcheck,/)3 1039( dkrexauth,)1 410(/dkwhoami, dksmtp, dkdcon, dklogin, dkfsauth,)4 1527 3 993 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 2060 t
7 R f
(listen\(8\))4914 2060 w
8 R f
( dkwhoami, dksmtp, dkdcon, dklogin,/)4 1233( dkrexexec,)1 418(/dkdiscard, dkecho, dkexportfs, dkexportfs0,)3 1421 3 1099 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 4234 2150 t
7 R f
(listen\(8\))4914 2150 w
8 R f
(dkconfig, dkstat)1 565 1 2217 2240 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2802 2240 w
8 R f
(configure Datakit interface)2 854 1 2874 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 2240 t
7 R f
(dkconfig\(8\))4818 2240 w
8 R f
( dnsquery)1 364(query, mkhash, mkdb, cs, csquery, dns,)5 1255 2 1265 2330 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2904 2330 w
8 R f
(network database)1 554 1 2976 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 2330 t
7 R f
(ndb\(8\))4962 2330 w
8 R f
(document)720 2420 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 1105 2420 t
8 R f
(doctype)2592 2420 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2864 2420 w
8 R f
(intuit command line for formatting a)5 1163 1 2936 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 2420 t
7 R f
(doctype\(1\))4845 2420 w
8 R f
( donprint)1 290( doprint,)1 322(/strconv, Strconv, numbconv, fltconv,)3 1206 3 1314 2510 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3152 2510 w
8 R f
(print formatted output)2 702 1 3224 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 2510 t
7 R f
(print\(2\))4934 2510 w
8 R f
(systems)720 2600 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 1052 2600 t
8 R f
(dossrv, 9660srv, eject)2 694 1 2592 2600 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3306 2600 w
8 R f
(DOS and ISO9660 file)3 730 1 3378 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 2600 t
7 R f
(dossrv\(4\))4885 2600 w
8 R f
(picture files)1 376 1 720 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 1158 2690 t
8 R f
(dpic, twb)1 297 1 2592 2690 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2909 2690 w
8 R f
(anti\255aliased troff output to)3 831 1 2981 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 2690 t
7 R f
(twb\(9.1\))4909 2690 w
8 R f
(graph)2267 2780 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2780 w
8 R f
(draw a graph)2 415 1 2592 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 2780 t
7 R f
(graph\(1\))4908 2780 w
8 R f
(map, mapdemo)1 491 1 1957 2870 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2870 w
8 R f
(draw maps on various projections)4 1074 1 2592 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 2870 t
7 R f
(map\(7\))4946 2870 w
8 R f
(grap)1653 2960 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1814 2960 w
8 R f
( graphs)1 232( drawing)1 333(pic preprocessor for)2 634 3 1886 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 2960 t
7 R f
(grap\(1\))4943 2960 w
8 R f
(pic, tpic)1 256 1 1212 3050 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1488 3050 w
8 R f
( pictures)1 271( drawing)1 333(troff and tex preprocessors for)4 960 3 1560 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 3050 t
7 R f
(pic\(1\))4981 3050 w
8 R f
(pcc)1790 3140 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1920 3140 w
8 R f
( driver)1 261(APE C compiler)2 528 2 1992 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 3140 t
7 R f
(pcc\(1\))4970 3140 w
8 R f
(from screen)1 376 1 720 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 1158 3230 t
8 R f
(drop, save, flip)2 477 1 2592 3230 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3089 3230 w
8 R f
(copy picture files to and)4 768 1 3161 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 3230 t
7 R f
(drop\(9.1\))4886 3230 w
8 R f
(du)2592 3320 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2692 3320 w
8 R f
(disk usage)1 334 1 2764 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 3320 t
7 R f
(du\(1\))4997 3320 w
8 R f
( uart)1 143(scc, duart,)1 376 2 2399 3410 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2938 3410 w
8 R f
(serial communication control)2 931 1 3010 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3410 t
7 R f
(scc\(3\))4978 3410 w
8 R f
(xd)1413 3500 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1513 3500 w
8 R f
( dump)1 254(hex, octal, decimal, or ASCII)4 935 2 1585 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 3500 t
7 R f
(xd\(1\))4997 3500 w
8 R f
(yesterday)1335 3590 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1659 3590 w
8 R f
( dump)1 254(print file names from the)4 789 2 1731 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 3590 t
7 R f
(yesterday\(1\))4799 3590 w
8 R f
(picopic, utah2pic)1 548 1 720 3680 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1288 3680 w
8 R f
(convert other formats to/)3 787 1 1360 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 2218 3680 t
8 R f
(dumppic, face2pic, gif2pic, nasa2pic, pcx2pic,)4 1482 1 2592 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 3680 t
7 R f
(dumppic\(9.1\))4768 3680 w
8 R f
(dup)2592 3770 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2732 3770 w
8 R f
(duplicate an open file descriptor)4 1023 1 2804 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 3770 t
7 R f
(dup\(2\))4962 3770 w
8 R f
(dup)2592 3860 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2732 3860 w
8 R f
(dups of open files)3 568 1 2804 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 3860 t
7 R f
(dup\(3\))4962 3860 w
8 R f
(clone)2276 3950 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3950 w
8 R f
(duplicate a fid)2 454 1 2592 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 3950 t
7 R f
(clone\(5\))4915 3950 w
8 R f
(dup)2328 4040 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4040 w
8 R f
(duplicate an open file descriptor)4 1023 1 2592 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 4040 t
7 R f
(dup\(2\))4962 4040 w
8 R f
(dup)2328 4130 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4130 w
8 R f
(dups of open files)3 568 1 2592 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 4130 t
7 R f
(dup\(3\))4962 4130 w
8 R f
(typesetting)720 4220 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 1137 4220 t
8 R f
( mf)1 108( dviselect,)1 374(tex, latex, slitex, bibtex, dvips,)4 975 3 1545 4220 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3022 4220 w
8 R f
(text formatting and)2 609 1 3094 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 4220 t
7 R f
(tex\(1\))4981 4220 w
8 R f
( Pt, Rect, Rpt)3 429( Dy,)1 190(/ptinrect, rectinrect, rectXrect, rectclip, Dx,)4 1371 3 1149 4310 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3159 4310 w
8 R f
(arithmetic on points and/)3 793 1 3231 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 4310 t
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 4310 w
8 R f
(xpand, picnegate)1 539 1 1699 4400 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2258 4400 w
8 R f
( range)1 196(adjust dynamic)1 536 2 2330 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 4400 t
7 R f
(xpand\(9.1\))4843 4400 w
8 R f
( ecankbd, ereshaped, getrect,/)3 939( ecanmouse,)1 445(estart, etimer, eread, emouse, ekbd, ecanread,)5 1443 3 1077 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 3945 4490 t
8 R f
(/einit,)4353 4490 w
7 R f
(event\(2\))4915 4490 w
8 R f
(echo)2592 4580 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2762 4580 w
8 R f
(print arguments)1 501 1 2834 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 4580 t
7 R f
(echo\(1\))4935 4580 w
8 R f
(ed)2592 4670 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2687 4670 w
8 R f
(text editor)1 324 1 2759 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 4670 t
7 R f
(ed\(1\))5001 4670 w
8 R f
(smooth,/)720 4760 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 1047 4760 t
8 R f
( edge3, extremum, median, nonoise,)4 1154( edge2,)1 282(adapt, ahe, crispen, laplace, edge,)4 1065 3 1455 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 4760 t
7 R f
(filters\(9.1\))4850 4760 w
8 R f
(etc.)720 4850 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 896 4850 t
8 R f
(tweak)2258 4850 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4850 w
8 R f
(edit bitmap files, subfont files, face files,)6 1298 1 2592 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4850 t
7 R f
(tweak\(1\))4900 4850 w
8 R f
(art, art2pic)1 343 1 2105 4940 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4940 w
8 R f
(edit line\255art)1 367 1 2592 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4940 t
7 R f
(art\(1\))4993 4940 w
8 R f
(hed, nohed)1 350 1 2098 5030 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5030 w
8 R f
(edit or remove picture file header)5 1059 1 2592 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 5030 t
7 R f
(hed\(9.1\))4913 5030 w
8 R f
(ed)2234 5120 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2329 5120 w
8 R f
(text editor)1 376 1 2401 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 5120 t
7 R f
(ed\(1\))5001 5120 w
8 R f
(sed)2111 5210 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2237 5210 w
8 R f
(stream editor)1 468 1 2309 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 5210 t
7 R f
(sed\(1\))4974 5210 w
8 R f
(emacs)2250 5300 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5300 w
8 R f
(editor macros)1 434 1 2592 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 5300 t
7 R f
(emacs\(1\))4892 5300 w
8 R f
(sam, B)1 222 1 2004 5390 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2246 5390 w
8 R f
( with structural regular expressions)4 1116(screen editor)1 459 2 2318 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 5390 t
7 R f
(sam\(1\))4954 5390 w
8 R f
(smtpd, uk2uk, vwhois, vismon)3 981 1 720 5480 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1721 5480 w
8 R f
(mail/)1793 5480 w
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 2004 5480 t
8 R f
( sendmail, seemail, aliasmail, smtp,)4 1130(mail, edmail,)1 469 2 2359 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 5480 t
7 R f
(mail\(1\))4941 5480 w
8 R f
(ecanread, ecanmouse, ecankbd,/)2 1021 1 720 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 1814 5570 t
8 R f
( estart, etimer, eread, emouse, ekbd,)5 1142(event, einit,)1 425 2 2328 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 5570 t
7 R f
(event\(2\))4915 5570 w
8 R f
(myetheraddr, maskip, etherip, equivip)3 1210 1 720 5660 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1950 5660 w
8 R f
(/)2002 5660 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 2112 5660 t
8 R f
(eipconv, parseip, parseether, myipaddr,)3 1251 1 2592 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5660 t
7 R f
(ip\(2\))5012 5660 w
8 R f
( eject)1 221(dossrv, 9660srv,)1 525 2 1995 5750 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2761 5750 w
8 R f
(DOS and ISO9660 file systems)4 1002 1 2833 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5750 t
7 R f
(dossrv\(4\))4885 5750 w
8 R f
( ecanread, ecanmouse, ecankbd, ereshaped,/)4 1398( ekbd,)1 247(event, einit, estart, etimer, eread, emouse,)5 1320 3 1200 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 4234 5840 t
7 R f
(event\(2\))4915 5840 w
8 R f
( texture, border, string, strsize,/)4 992( ellipse,)1 299(/point, segment, polysegment, arc, circle, disc,)5 1477 3 1043 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 5930 t
7 R f
(bitblt\(2\))4917 5930 w
8 R f
(emacs)2592 6020 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2810 6020 w
8 R f
(editor macros)1 434 1 2882 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 6020 t
7 R f
(emacs\(1\))4892 6020 w
8 R f
( ekbd, ecanread, ecanmouse, ecankbd,/)4 1236( emouse,)1 335(event, einit, estart, etimer, eread,)4 1037 3 1483 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 6110 t
7 R f
(event\(2\))4915 6110 w
8 R f
(hp)2368 6200 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6200 w
8 R f
(emulate an HP 2621 terminal)4 933 1 2592 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 6200 t
7 R f
(hp\(1\))4997 6200 w
8 R f
(wrkey)720 6290 w
8 S1 f
(\261)939 6290 w
8 R f
(/)991 6290 w
8 I f
(. . . .)3 179 1 1052 6290 t
8 R f
( disable, expire, status, convkeys,)4 1065( enable,)1 299(/printnetkey, renameuser, removeuser,)2 1219 3 1301 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6290 t
7 R f
(auth\(8\))4946 6290 w
8 R f
(encrypt, decrypt, netcrypt)2 816 1 2592 6380 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3428 6380 w
8 R f
(DES encryption)1 512 1 3500 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 6380 t
7 R f
(encrypt\(2\))4857 6380 w
8 R f
(oed)2083 6470 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2218 6470 w
8 R f
( Dictionary)1 360(Oxford English)1 546 2 2290 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 6470 t
7 R f
(oed\(7\))4966 6470 w
8 R f
(env)2592 6560 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2727 6560 w
8 R f
(environment variables)1 708 1 2799 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 6560 t
7 R f
(env\(3\))4966 6560 w
8 R f
(getenv, putenv)1 469 1 1757 6650 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2246 6650 w
8 R f
( variables)1 306(access environment)1 676 2 2318 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 6650 t
7 R f
(getenv\(2\))4880 6650 w
8 R f
(time)1609 6740 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1770 6740 w
8 R f
( epoch)1 262(time in seconds since)3 678 2 1842 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 6740 t
7 R f
(time\(2\))4941 6740 w
8 R f
(eqn)2592 6830 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2727 6830 w
8 R f
(typeset mathematics)1 646 1 2799 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 6830 t
7 R f
(eqn\(1\))4966 6830 w
8 R f
( ptinrect, rectinrect, rectXrect,/)3 976( eqrect,)1 285(/rsubp, rmul, rdiv, rshift, inset, rcanon, eqpt,)6 1407 3 1113 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 6920 t
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 6920 w
8 R f
(he)2035 7010 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2130 7010 w
8 R f
(histogram equalization)1 778 1 2202 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 7010 t
7 R f
(he\(9.1\))4948 7010 w
8 R f
( equivip)1 311(myipaddr, myetheraddr, maskip, etherip,)3 1296 2 1224 7100 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2851 7100 w
8 R f
(Internet protocol)1 531 1 2923 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3496 7100 t
8 R f
(/parseether,)4169 7100 w
7 R f
(ip\(2\))5012 7100 w
8 R f
(ecankbd,/)720 7190 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 1074 7190 t
8 R f
( emouse, ekbd, ecanread, ecanmouse,)4 1192( eread,)1 263(event, einit, estart, etimer,)3 826 3 1694 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 7190 t
7 R f
(event\(2\))4915 7190 w
8 S1 f
(\261)720 7280 w
8 R f
(/)772 7280 w
8 I f
(. .)1 73 1 878 7280 t
8 R f
( getrect, menuhit, Event, Mouse, Menu)5 1245( ereshaped,)1 409(/emouse, ekbd, ecanread, ecanmouse, ecankbd,)4 1499 3 1021 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 4234 7280 t
7 R f
(event\(2\))4915 7280 w
10 R f
( 7)1 4427(Plan 9)1 253 2 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 7 9
%%Page: 8 10
/saveobj save def
mark
10 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 720 430 t
8 R f
(erf, erfc)1 301 1 2413 710 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2734 710 w
8 R f
(error function)1 438 1 2806 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 710 t
7 R f
(erf\(2\))4990 710 w
8 R f
(errstr)1318 800 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1504 800 w
8 R f
( error)1 225(description of last system call)4 944 2 1576 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 800 t
7 R f
(errstr\(2\))4920 800 w
8 R f
(error)2592 890 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2765 890 w
8 R f
(return an error)2 457 1 2837 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 890 t
7 R f
(error\(5\))4932 890 w
8 R f
(erf, erfc)1 249 1 2199 980 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 980 w
8 R f
(error function)1 438 1 2592 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 980 t
7 R f
(erf\(2\))4990 980 w
8 R f
(perror, syslog)1 437 1 1770 1070 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2227 1070 w
8 R f
( messages)1 320(system error)1 446 2 2299 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 1070 t
7 R f
(perror\(2\))4897 1070 w
8 R f
(spell)1878 1160 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2048 1160 w
8 R f
( errors)1 256(find spelling)1 400 2 2120 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 1160 t
7 R f
(spell\(1\))4934 1160 w
8 R f
(errstr)2592 1250 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2778 1250 w
8 R f
(description of last system call error)5 1117 1 2850 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 1250 t
7 R f
(errstr\(2\))4920 1250 w
8 R f
(swap)2284 1340 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1340 w
8 R f
(establish a swap file)3 642 1 2592 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 1340 t
7 R f
(swap\(8\))4924 1340 w
8 R f
(ecanmouse, ecankbd, ereshaped,/)2 1057 1 720 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 1845 1430 t
8 R f
( etimer, eread, emouse, ekbd, ecanread,)5 1252( estart,)1 263(event, einit,)1 373 3 2147 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 1430 t
7 R f
(event\(2\))4915 1430 w
8 R f
( etc.)1 184(edit bitmap files, subfont files, face files,)6 1298 2 1222 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 2753 1520 t
8 R f
(tweak)4274 1520 w
8 S1 f
(\261)4484 1520 w
7 R f
(tweak\(1\))4900 1520 w
8 R f
( equivip)1 259( etherip,)1 312(parseether, myipaddr, myetheraddr, maskip,)3 1401 3 1119 1610 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3111 1610 w
8 R f
(Internet protocol)1 531 1 3183 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 3751 1610 t
8 R f
(/parseip,)4265 1610 w
7 R f
(ip\(2\))5012 1610 w
8 R f
(lance)1993 1700 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2180 1700 w
8 R f
( device)1 227(LANCE Ethernet)1 609 2 2252 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 1700 t
7 R f
(lance\(3\))4919 1700 w
8 R f
(snoopy)1986 1790 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2237 1790 w
8 R f
( packets)1 258( Ethernet)1 341(spy on)1 211 3 2309 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 1790 t
7 R f
(snoopy\(8\))4865 1790 w
8 R f
(ecanmouse, ecankbd,/)1 700 1 720 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1475 1880 t
8 R f
( eread, emouse, ekbd, ecanread,)4 1010( etimer,)1 294(event, einit, estart,)2 584 3 1936 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 1880 t
7 R f
(event\(2\))4915 1880 w
8 R f
(hypot)2266 1970 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1970 w
8 R f
(Euclidean distance)1 598 1 2592 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 1970 t
7 R f
(hypot\(2\))4907 1970 w
8 R f
(whatis,)720 2060 w
8 S1 f
(\261)968 2060 w
8 R f
(command language)1 621 1 1040 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 1704 2060 t
8 R f
( exec, exit, flag, newpgrp, shift, wait,)6 1184( eval,)1 224(rc, cd,)1 196 3 2324 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 2060 t
7 R f
(rc\(1\))5013 2060 w
8 R f
( Mouse, Menu)2 463( Event,)1 278(/ecankbd, ereshaped, getrect, menuhit,)3 1220 3 1300 2150 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3281 2150 w
8 R f
(graphics events)1 492 1 3353 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2150 t
7 R f
(event\(2\))4915 2150 w
8 R f
(examine)2592 2240 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2881 2240 w
8 R f
(examine pixel values interactively)3 1087 1 2953 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 2240 t
7 R f
(examine\(9.1\))4776 2240 w
8 S1 f
(\261)720 2330 w
8 R f
(command language)1 621 1 792 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 1479 2330 t
8 R f
( exit, flag, newpgrp, shift, wait, whatis,)6 1247( exec,)1 237(rc, cd, eval,)2 368 3 2152 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 2330 t
7 R f
(rc\(1\))5013 2330 w
8 R f
(exec, execl)1 404 1 2355 2420 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2779 2420 w
8 R f
(execute a file)2 422 1 2851 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 2420 t
7 R f
(exec\(2\))4939 2420 w
8 R f
(/mget, mput, beswab, beswal, leswab, leswal)5 1429 1 1019 2510 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2510 w
8 R f
(executable file interpretation\) crackhdr,/)3 1276 1 2592 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2510 t
7 R f
(mach\(freemap,)4726 2510 w
8 R f
(size)1926 2600 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2069 2600 w
8 R f
( files)1 156( executable)1 411(print size of)2 379 3 2141 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 2600 t
7 R f
(size\(1\))4958 2600 w
8 R f
(exec, execl)1 352 1 2096 2690 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2690 w
8 R f
(execute a file)2 422 1 2592 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 2690 t
7 R f
(exec\(2\))4939 2690 w
8 R f
(open, create)1 383 1 1212 2780 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1615 2780 w
8 R f
( or new file)3 364( existing)1 324(prepare a fid for I/O on an)6 833 3 1687 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 2780 t
7 R f
(open\(5\))4931 2780 w
8 R f
(wait)1647 2870 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1804 2870 w
8 R f
( exit)1 191(wait for a process to)4 644 2 1876 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 2870 t
7 R f
(wait\(2\))4946 2870 w
8 R f
(command language)1 621 1 720 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 1400 2960 t
8 R f
( flag, newpgrp, shift, wait, whatis,)5 1088( exit,)1 211(rc, cd, eval, exec,)3 553 3 1967 2960 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3839 2960 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 2960 t
7 R f
(rc\(1\))5013 2960 w
8 R f
(process cleanup)1 505 1 720 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 1264 3050 t
8 R f
(exits, atexit, atexitdont)2 724 1 2592 3050 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3336 3050 w
8 R f
(terminate process,)1 577 1 3408 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3050 t
7 R f
(exits\(2\))4934 3050 w
8 R f
(exponential, logarithm, power, square root)4 1354 1 720 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 2112 3140 t
8 R f
(exp, log, log10, pow, pow10, sqrt)5 1074 1 2592 3140 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3686 3140 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 3140 t
7 R f
(exp\(2\))4966 3140 w
8 R f
(compress, uncompress)1 720 1 1273 3230 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2013 3230 w
8 R f
( data)1 152( expand)1 302(compress and)1 435 3 2085 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 3230 t
7 R f
(compress\(1\))4803 3230 w
8 R f
(help)2311 3320 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3320 w
8 R f
(experimental window system)2 933 1 2592 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 3320 t
7 R f
(help\(1\))4946 3320 w
8 R f
( status, convkeys, wrkey)3 781( expire,)1 290(/renameuser, removeuser, enable, disable,)3 1329 3 1191 3410 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3611 3410 w
8 R f
(maintain/)3683 3410 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3410 t
7 R f
(auth\(8\))4946 3410 w
8 R f
(frexp, ldexp, modf)2 592 1 1122 3500 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1734 3500 w
8 R f
( exponent)1 364(split into mantissa and)3 714 2 1806 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 3500 t
7 R f
(frexp\(2\))4920 3500 w
8 R f
(exp, log, log10, pow, pow10, sqrt)5 1074 1 1374 3590 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3590 w
8 R f
(exponential, logarithm, power, square root)4 1354 1 2592 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3590 t
7 R f
(exp\(2\))4966 3590 w
8 R f
(exportfs)2592 3680 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2872 3680 w
8 R f
(network file server plumbing)3 925 1 2944 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 3680 t
7 R f
(exportfs\(4\))4838 3680 w
8 R f
(regsub, rregexec, rregsub, regerror)3 1096 1 1108 3770 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2224 3770 w
8 R f
(regular expression)1 636 1 2296 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 2970 3770 t
8 R f
(/regcomplit, regcompnl, regexec,)2 1052 1 3484 3770 t
7 R f
(regexp\(2\))4877 3770 w
8 R f
(regexp)1988 3860 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2224 3860 w
8 R f
( notation)1 281(regular expression)1 636 2 2296 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 3860 t
7 R f
(regexp\(6\))4877 3860 w
8 R f
(sam, B)1 222 1 1074 3950 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1316 3950 w
8 R f
( expressions)1 443(screen editor with structural regular)4 1132 2 1388 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 3950 t
7 R f
(sam\(1\))4954 3950 w
8 R f
(fs, exsort)1 343 1 2443 4040 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2806 4040 w
8 R f
(file server maintenance)2 739 1 2878 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 4040 t
7 R f
(fs\(8\))5017 4040 w
8 R f
(bitmap)2227 4130 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4130 w
8 R f
(external format for bitmaps)3 870 1 2592 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 4130 t
7 R f
(bitmap\(6\))4871 4130 w
8 R f
(font, subfont)1 407 1 2041 4220 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4220 w
8 R f
(external format for fonts and subfonts)5 1202 1 2592 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 4220 t
7 R f
(font\(6\))4954 4220 w
8 R f
(strings)2236 4310 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4310 w
8 R f
(extract printable strings)2 749 1 2592 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 4310 t
7 R f
(strings\(1\))4880 4310 w
8 R f
( median, nonoise, smooth, shadepic)4 1135( extremum,)1 414(/ahe, crispen, laplace, edge, edge2, edge3,)5 1335 3 1185 4400 t
8 S1 f
(\261)4089 4400 w
8 R f
(/)4141 4400 w
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 4234 4400 t
7 R f
(filters\(9.1\))4850 4400 w
8 R f
(remainder, floor, ceiling functions)3 1087 1 720 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 1847 4490 t
8 R f
(fabs, fmod, floor, ceil)3 688 1 2592 4490 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3300 4490 w
8 R f
(absolute value,)1 477 1 3372 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 4490 t
7 R f
(floor\(2\))4931 4490 w
8 R f
(tweak)1267 4580 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1477 4580 w
8 R f
( files, etc.)2 308( face)1 203(edit bitmap files, subfont files,)4 971 3 1549 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 4580 t
7 R f
(tweak\(1\))4900 4580 w
8 R f
(mugs)2083 4670 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2276 4670 w
8 R f
( icons from pictures)3 633(make face)1 375 2 2348 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 4670 t
7 R f
(mugs\(9.1\))4862 4670 w
8 R f
(utah2pic)720 4760 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1014 4760 w
8 R f
(convert other formats to/)3 787 1 1086 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 1919 4760 t
8 R f
( gif2pic, nasa2pic, pcx2pic, picopic,)4 1149(dumppic, face2pic,)1 659 2 2221 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 4760 t
7 R f
(dumppic\(9.1\))4768 4760 w
8 R f
(large primes)1 394 1 720 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 1158 4850 t
8 R f
(factor, primes)1 440 1 2592 4850 t
8 S f
(-)3052 4850 w
8 R f
(factor a number, generate)3 810 1 3116 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4850 t
7 R f
(factor\(1\))4904 4850 w
8 R f
(abort)1942 4940 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2125 4940 w
8 R f
( fault)1 217(generate a)1 323 2 2197 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 4940 t
7 R f
(abort\(2\))4923 4940 w
8 R f
(fcall)2592 5030 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2752 5030 w
8 R f
(recreate packet delimiters)2 813 1 2824 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 5030 t
7 R f
(fcall\(3\))4942 5030 w
8 R f
( dirconv, dirmodeconv)2 723( fcallconv,)1 387( convD2M, convM2S, convM2D, getS,)4 1261(Plan/ /convS2M,)1 539 4 720 5120 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3650 5120 w
8 R f
(interface to)1 358 1 3722 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 5120 t
7 R f
(fcall\(2\))4942 5120 w
8 R f
( Fcode)1 267(texture, border, string, strsize, strwidth,)4 1251 2 1269 5210 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2807 5210 w
8 R f
(graphics functions)1 585 1 2879 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3552 5210 t
8 R f
(/disc, ellipse,)1 417 1 4119 5210 t
7 R f
(bitblt\(2\))4917 5210 w
8 R f
( ferror, clearerr)2 479( feof,)1 219(/setbuf, fgetpos, ftell, fsetpos, fseek, rewind,)5 1410 3 1110 5300 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3238 5300 w
8 R f
(standard buffered/)1 579 1 3310 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 5300 t
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 5300 w
8 R f
( setvbuf, setbuf, fgetpos, ftell,/)4 971( fflush,)1 277(/fdopen, fileno, fclose, sopenr, sopenw, sclose,)5 1487 3 1033 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 5390 t
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 5390 w
8 R f
( charwidth, Pconv, Rconv)3 827( ffree,)1 240(/clipr, cursorswitch, cursorset, rdfontfile,)3 1298 3 1222 5480 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3607 5480 w
8 R f
(graphics)3679 5480 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 5480 t
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 5480 w
8 R f
( gets, fputs, puts, fread, fwrite)5 951( fgets,)1 246(/getc, getchar, fputc, putc, putchar, ungetc,)5 1357 3 1163 5570 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3737 5570 w
8 R f
(/)3789 5570 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 5570 t
7 R f
(fgetc\(2\))4927 5570 w
8 R f
(cyc)2052 5660 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2182 5660 w
8 R f
( interface)1 296(Cyclone fiber)1 487 2 2254 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 5660 t
7 R f
(cyc\(3\))4970 5660 w
8 R f
(clone)1910 5750 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2102 5750 w
8 R f
( fid)1 160(duplicate a)1 346 2 2174 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 5750 t
7 R f
(clone\(5\))4915 5750 w
8 R f
(clunk)1810 5840 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2007 5840 w
8 R f
( fid)1 160(forget about a)2 441 2 2079 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 5840 t
7 R f
(clunk\(5\))4911 5840 w
8 R f
(open, create)1 383 1 1753 5930 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2156 5930 w
8 R f
( for I/O on an existing or new file)8 1069( fid)1 160(prepare a)1 292 3 2228 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 5930 t
7 R f
(open\(5\))4931 5930 w
8 R f
(card, ramp)1 339 1 1486 6020 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1845 6020 w
8 R f
( fields)1 248(create simple color)2 603 2 1917 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 6020 t
7 R f
(card\(9.1\))4894 6020 w
8 R f
(getmfields, setfields)1 639 1 1213 6110 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1872 6110 w
8 R f
( fields)1 248(break a string into)3 576 2 1944 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 2828 6110 t
8 R f
(getfields,)4243 6110 w
7 R f
(getfields\(2\))4825 6110 w
8 R f
(access)1411 6200 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1633 6200 w
8 R f
( file)1 177(determine accessibility of)2 815 2 1705 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 6200 t
7 R f
(access\(2\))4889 6200 w
8 R f
(dd)1745 6290 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1845 6290 w
8 R f
( file)1 177(convert and copy a)3 603 2 1917 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 6290 t
7 R f
(dd\(1\))4997 6290 w
8 R f
(exec, execl)1 352 1 1779 6380 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2151 6380 w
8 R f
( file)1 177(execute a)1 297 2 2223 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 6380 t
7 R f
(exec\(2\))4939 6380 w
8 R f
(fortune)1575 6470 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1824 6470 w
8 R f
( file)1 177(sample lines from a)3 624 2 1896 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 6470 t
7 R f
(fortune\(1\))4865 6470 w
8 R f
(getcmap)1399 6560 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1688 6560 w
8 R f
( file)1 177(read a color map from a)5 760 2 1760 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 6560 t
7 R f
(getcmap\(9.2\))4776 6560 w
8 R f
(namespace)1339 6650 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1707 6650 w
8 R f
( file)1 177(name space description)2 741 2 1779 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 6650 t
7 R f
(namespace\(6\))4760 6650 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1179 6740 w
8 R f
( file)1 177(open a file for reading or writing, create)7 1269 2 1251 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 2747 6740 t
8 R f
(open, create, close)2 586 1 3950 6740 t
7 R f
(open\(2\))4931 6740 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1104 6830 w
8 R f
( file)1 177(prepare a fid for I/O on an existing or new)9 1344 2 1176 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 2738 6830 t
8 R f
(open, create)1 383 1 4153 6830 t
7 R f
(open\(5\))4931 6830 w
8 R f
(pr)2212 6920 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2298 6920 w
8 R f
(print file)1 327 1 2370 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 6920 t
7 R f
(pr\(1\))5009 6920 w
8 R f
(read, write)1 339 1 1684 7010 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2043 7010 w
8 R f
( file)1 177(read or write)2 405 2 2115 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 7010 t
7 R f
(read\(2\))4947 7010 w
8 R f
(read, write)1 339 1 1250 7100 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1609 7100 w
8 R f
( file)1 177(transfer data from and to a)5 839 2 1681 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 7100 t
7 R f
(read\(5\))4947 7100 w
8 R f
(remove)1897 7190 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2155 7190 w
8 R f
( file)1 177(remove a)1 293 2 2227 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 7190 t
7 R f
(remove\(2\))4857 7190 w
8 R f
(sum)1465 7280 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1618 7280 w
8 R f
( file)1 177(sum and count blocks in a)5 830 2 1690 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 7280 t
7 R f
(sum\(1\))4950 7280 w
10 R f
(8 Manual)1 4680 1 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 8 10
%%Page: 9 11
/saveobj save def
mark
11 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 4765 430 t
8 R f
(swap)1747 710 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1931 710 w
8 R f
( file)1 177(establish a swap)2 517 2 2003 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 710 t
7 R f
(swap\(8\))4924 710 w
8 R f
(tail)1576 800 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1697 800 w
8 R f
( file)1 177(deliver the last part of a)5 751 2 1769 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 800 t
7 R f
(tail\(1\))4976 800 w
8 R f
(touch)1444 890 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1641 890 w
8 R f
( file)1 177(set modification date of a)4 807 2 1713 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 890 t
7 R f
(touch\(1\))4911 890 w
8 R f
(uniq)1502 980 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1664 980 w
8 R f
( file)1 177(report repeated lines in a)4 784 2 1736 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 980 t
7 R f
(uniq\(1\))4942 980 w
8 R f
(file)2592 1070 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2717 1070 w
8 R f
(determine file type)2 599 1 2789 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 1070 t
7 R f
(file\(1\))4973 1070 w
8 R f
(stat, wstat)1 318 1 1554 1160 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1892 1160 w
8 R f
( attributes)1 315( file)1 177(inquire or change)2 556 3 1964 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 1160 t
7 R f
(stat\(5\))4969 1160 w
8 R f
(diff)1963 1250 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2097 1250 w
8 R f
( comparator)1 381(differential file)1 528 2 2169 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 1250 t
7 R f
(diff\(1\))4966 1250 w
8 R f
(push, pull, Rpush, Rpull)3 778 1 1176 1340 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1974 1340 w
8 R f
( copy)1 175( file)1 177(Datakit remote)1 474 3 2046 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 1340 t
7 R f
(push\(1\))4935 1340 w
8 R f
(dup)1747 1430 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1887 1430 w
8 R f
( descriptor)1 337( file)1 177(duplicate an open)2 561 3 1959 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 1430 t
7 R f
(dup\(2\))4962 1430 w
8 R f
(grep)2030 1520 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2191 1520 w
8 R f
( for a pattern)3 407( file)1 177(search a)1 257 3 2263 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 1520 t
7 R f
(grep\(1\))4943 1520 w
8 R f
(open, create, close)2 586 1 1632 1610 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2238 1610 w
8 R f
( for reading or writing, create file)6 1059( file)1 177(open a)1 210 3 2310 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 1610 t
7 R f
(open\(2\))4931 1610 w
8 R f
(a.out)2077 1700 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2254 1700 w
8 R f
( format)1 231(object file)1 371 2 2326 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 1700 t
7 R f
(a\(6\))5036 1700 w
8 R f
(ar)1851 1790 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1932 1790 w
8 R f
( format)1 231( file)1 177(archive \(library\))1 516 3 2004 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 1790 t
7 R f
(ar\(6\))5013 1790 w
8 R f
(intro)1807 1880 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1977 1880 w
8 R f
( formats)1 262( file)1 177(introduction to)1 471 3 2049 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 1880 t
7 R f
(intro\(6\))4934 1880 w
8 R f
(remove)1897 1970 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2155 1970 w
8 R f
( from a server)3 442( file)1 177(remove a)1 293 3 2227 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 1970 t
7 R f
(remove\(5\))4857 1970 w
8 R f
(chgrp)2022 2060 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2223 2060 w
8 R f
( group)1 206(change file)1 402 2 2295 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 2060 t
7 R f
(chgrp\(1\))4908 2060 w
8 R f
(hed, nohed)1 350 1 1375 2150 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1745 2150 w
8 R f
( header)1 231( file)1 177(edit or remove picture)3 703 3 1817 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 2150 t
7 R f
(hed\(9.1\))4913 2150 w
8 R f
(/beswab, beswal, leswab, leswal)3 1026 1 1063 2240 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2109 2240 w
8 R f
( interpretation\) crackhdr, newmap, setmap,/)4 1387(executable file)1 516 2 2181 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 2240 t
7 R f
(mach\(freemap,)4726 2240 w
8 R f
(objreset, isar, nextar, readar)3 880 1 1354 2330 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2254 2330 w
8 R f
( interpretation functions)2 763(object file)1 371 2 2326 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 3515 2330 t
8 R f
(/objsym, objbase,)1 560 1 3976 2330 t
7 R f
(object\(2\))4895 2330 w
8 R f
(split)2099 2420 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2256 2420 w
8 R f
( into pieces)2 362( file)1 177(split a)1 192 3 2328 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 2420 t
7 R f
(split\(1\))4945 2420 w
8 R f
(pic2ps)1742 2510 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1970 2510 w
8 R f
( into postscript language)3 780( file)1 177(convert picture)1 478 3 2042 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 2510 t
7 R f
(pic2ps\(9.1\))4831 2510 w
8 R f
(picunpack, picpack, picerror)2 904 1 1304 2600 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2228 2600 w
8 R f
( I/O)1 126(picture file)1 397 2 2300 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 2876 2600 t
8 R f
(/wrpicfile, picputprop, picgetprop,)2 1093 1 3443 2600 t
7 R f
(picopen\(9.2\))4792 2600 w
8 R f
(mktemp)1703 2690 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1984 2690 w
8 R f
( name)1 192( file)1 177(make a unique)2 464 3 2056 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 2690 t
7 R f
(mktemp\(2\))4836 2690 w
8 R f
(basename)1974 2780 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2307 2780 w
8 R f
( name affixes)2 427(strip file)1 318 2 2379 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 2780 t
7 R f
(basename\(1\))4791 2780 w
8 R f
(namespace)1286 2870 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1654 2870 w
8 R f
( name space)2 388( file)1 177(structure of conventional)2 794 3 1726 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 2870 t
7 R f
(namespace\(4\))4760 2870 w
8 R f
(yesterday)1974 2960 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2298 2960 w
8 R f
( names from the dump)4 716(print file)1 327 2 2370 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 2960 t
7 R f
(yesterday\(1\))4799 2960 w
8 R f
(seek)2062 3050 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2223 3050 w
8 R f
( offset)1 200(change file)1 402 2 2295 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 3050 t
7 R f
(seek\(2\))4943 3050 w
8 R f
(dirconv, dirmodeconv)1 703 1 1145 3140 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1868 3140 w
8 R f
( protocol)1 285( File)1 196(interface to Plan 9)3 580 3 1940 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3086 3140 t
8 R f
(/convM2D, getS, fcallconv,)2 883 1 3653 3140 t
7 R f
(fcall\(2\))4942 3140 w
8 R f
(intro)1468 3230 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1638 3230 w
8 R f
( Protocol, 9P)2 415( File)1 196(introduction to the Plan 9)4 810 3 1710 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 3230 t
7 R f
(intro\(5\))4934 3230 w
8 R f
(boot)1692 3320 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1854 3320 w
8 R f
( server)1 213( file)1 177(connect to the root)3 594 3 1926 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 3320 t
7 R f
(boot\(8\))4942 3320 w
8 R f
(fsconfig)1742 3410 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2022 3410 w
8 R f
( server)1 213( file)1 177(configuring a)1 426 3 2094 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 3410 t
7 R f
(fsconfig\(8\))4838 3410 w
8 R f
(fs)2391 3500 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3500 w
8 R f
(file server, bootes)2 566 1 2592 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 3500 t
7 R f
(fs\(4\))5017 3500 w
8 R f
(fs, exsort)1 291 1 2157 3590 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3590 w
8 R f
(file server maintenance)2 739 1 2592 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 3590 t
7 R f
(fs\(8\))5017 3590 w
8 R f
(exportfs)1907 3680 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2187 3680 w
8 R f
( server plumbing)2 539(network file)1 438 2 2259 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 3680 t
7 R f
(exportfs\(4\))4838 3680 w
8 R f
(users)2285 3770 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3770 w
8 R f
(file server user list format)4 818 1 2592 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 3770 t
7 R f
(users\(6\))4924 3770 w
8 R f
(intro)1807 3860 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1977 3860 w
8 R f
( servers)1 244( file)1 177(introduction to)1 471 3 2049 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 3860 t
7 R f
(intro\(4\))4934 3860 w
8 R f
(srv, 9fs, dk232, dkmodem)3 833 1 1178 3950 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2031 3950 w
8 R f
( service)1 244( file)1 177(start network)1 417 3 2103 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 3950 t
7 R f
(srv\(4\))4982 3950 w
8 R f
(dirfstat, dirwstat, dirfwstat)2 842 1 1232 4040 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2094 4040 w
8 R f
( status)1 201( file)1 177(get and put)2 354 3 2166 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 2952 4040 t
8 R f
(/fstat, wstat, fwstat, dirstat,)3 858 1 3678 4040 t
7 R f
(stat\(2\))4969 4040 w
8 R f
(cfs)2156 4130 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2268 4130 w
8 R f
( system)1 241(cache file)1 357 2 2340 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4130 t
7 R f
(cfs\(4\))4986 4130 w
8 R f
(ftpfs, ftp)1 273 1 1338 4220 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1631 4220 w
8 R f
( system)1 241( file)1 177(file transfer protocol \(FT\))3 817 3 1703 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4220 t
7 R f
(ftpfs\(4\))4939 4220 w
8 R f
(kfs)2198 4310 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2315 4310 w
8 R f
( system)1 241(disk file)1 310 2 2387 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4310 t
7 R f
(kfs\(4\))4982 4310 w
8 R f
(mkfs, mkext, flio)2 548 1 1274 4400 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1842 4400 w
8 R f
( system)1 241( file)1 177(archive or update a)3 606 3 1914 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4400 t
7 R f
(mkfs\(8\))4927 4400 w
8 R f
(ramfs)1983 4490 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2183 4490 w
8 R f
( system)1 241(memory file)1 442 2 2255 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4490 t
7 R f
(ramfs\(4\))4908 4490 w
8 R f
(root)2055 4580 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2203 4580 w
8 R f
( system)1 241( file)1 177(the root)1 245 3 2275 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4580 t
7 R f
(root\(3\))4954 4580 w
8 R f
(auth)2311 4670 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4670 w
8 R f
(file system authentication)2 816 1 2592 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 4670 t
7 R f
(auth\(5\))4946 4670 w
8 R f
(iostats)2245 4760 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4760 w
8 R f
(file system to measure I/O)4 838 1 2592 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 4760 t
7 R f
(iostats\(4\))4887 4760 w
8 R f
(dossrv, 9660srv, eject)2 694 1 1129 4850 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1843 4850 w
8 R f
( systems)1 272( file)1 177(DOS and ISO9660)2 605 3 1915 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4850 t
7 R f
(dossrv\(4\))4885 4850 w
8 R f
(update, Disclabel)1 552 1 1131 4940 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1703 4940 w
8 R f
( systems)1 272( file)1 177(administration for local)2 745 3 1775 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 3057 4940 t
8 R f
(/100meg, newkernel, personalize,)2 1071 1 3465 4940 t
7 R f
(home\(8\))4911 4940 w
8 R f
(tapefs)1768 5030 w
8 S f
(-)1977 5030 w
8 R f
( systems)1 272( file)1 177(mount archival)1 479 3 2041 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 5030 t
7 R f
(tapefs\(1\))4900 5030 w
8 R f
(xms, xmr)1 301 1 834 5120 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1155 5120 w
8 R f
( transfer)1 261( file)1 177(remote login, execution, and XMODEM)4 1293 3 1227 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3017 5120 t
8 R f
(con, telnet, hayes, cu, rx,)4 793 1 3743 5120 t
7 R f
(con\(1\))4966 5120 w
8 R f
(ftpfs, ftp)1 273 1 2175 5210 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5210 w
8 R f
(file transfer protocol \(FT\) file system)5 1183 1 2592 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 5210 t
7 R f
(ftpfs\(4\))4939 5210 w
8 R f
(file)2006 5300 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2131 5300 w
8 R f
( type)1 157(determine file)1 494 2 2203 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 5300 t
7 R f
(file\(1\))4973 5300 w
8 R f
( within it)2 288( file)1 177(clone, then search a directory, and change to a)8 1469 3 1051 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3049 5390 t
8 R f
(clwalk)4252 5390 w
8 S1 f
(\261)4484 5390 w
7 R f
(clwalk\(5\))4880 5390 w
8 R f
(table/)720 5480 w
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 934 5480 t
8 R f
( filesym, fileline, symerror)3 848( fileelem,)1 351(localsym, globalsym, textsym, file2pc,)3 1231 3 1289 5480 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3739 5480 w
8 R f
(symbol)3811 5480 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 5480 t
7 R f
(symbol\(findsym,)4670 5480 w
8 R f
(setvbuf, setbuf,/)1 510 1 720 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1315 5570 t
8 R f
( fclose, sopenr, sopenw, sclose, fflush,)5 1224( fileno,)1 277(fopen, freopen, fdopen,)2 744 3 1776 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 5570 t
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 5570 w
8 R f
(8\275)1829 5660 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1949 5660 w
8 R f
( files)1 208(window system)1 499 2 2021 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 5660 t
7 R f
(8\275\(4\))4979 5660 w
8 R f
(cat, read)1 268 1 1901 5750 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2189 5750 w
8 R f
(catenate files)1 467 1 2261 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 5750 t
7 R f
(cat\(1\))4985 5750 w
8 R f
(cmp)1878 5840 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2035 5840 w
8 R f
( files)1 208(compare two)1 413 2 2107 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 5840 t
7 R f
(cmp\(1\))4946 5840 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1082 5930 w
8 R f
( files)1 208(select or reject lines common to two sorted)7 1366 2 1154 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 2816 5930 t
8 R f
(comm)4337 5930 w
7 R f
(comm\(1\))4891 5930 w
8 R f
(cp, mv, rename)2 490 1 1566 6020 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2076 6020 w
8 R f
( files)1 208(copy, move)1 372 2 2148 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 6020 t
7 R f
(cp\(1\))5001 6020 w
8 R f
(utah2pic)1149 6110 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1443 6110 w
8 R f
( files)1 208(convert other formats to picture)4 1005 2 1515 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 2765 6110 t
8 R f
(/gif2pic, nasa2pic, pcx2pic, picopic,)3 1151 1 3385 6110 t
7 R f
(dumppic\(9.1\))4768 6110 w
8 R f
(dup)1896 6200 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2036 6200 w
8 R f
( files)1 208(dups of open)2 412 2 2108 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 6200 t
7 R f
(dup\(3\))4962 6200 w
8 R f
(keyfs)1513 6290 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1705 6290 w
8 R f
( files)1 208(authentication database)1 743 2 1777 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 6290 t
7 R f
(keyfs\(4\))4916 6290 w
8 R f
(mk, membername)1 574 1 1097 6380 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1691 6380 w
8 R f
( files)1 208(maintain \(make\) related)2 757 2 1763 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 6380 t
7 R f
(mk\(1\))4977 6380 w
8 R f
(picinfo)1221 6470 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1466 6470 w
8 R f
( files)1 208(print information about picture)3 982 2 1538 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 6470 t
7 R f
(picinfo\(9.1\))4815 6470 w
8 R f
(rm)2102 6560 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2210 6560 w
8 R f
(remove files)1 446 1 2282 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 6560 t
7 R f
(rm\(1\))4989 6560 w
8 R f
(size)1567 6650 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1710 6650 w
8 R f
( files)1 208(print size of executable)3 738 2 1782 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 6650 t
7 R f
(size\(1\))4958 6650 w
8 R f
(sort)1749 6740 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1888 6740 w
8 R f
( files)1 208(sort and/or merge)2 560 2 1960 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 6740 t
7 R f
(sort\(1\))4962 6740 w
8 R f
(strip)1366 6830 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1527 6830 w
8 R f
( files)1 208(remove symbols from binary)3 921 2 1599 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 6830 t
7 R f
(strip\(1\))4942 6830 w
8 R f
(tmpfile, tmpnam)1 530 1 1397 6920 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1947 6920 w
8 R f
( files)1 208(stdio temporary)1 501 2 2019 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 6920 t
7 R f
(tmpfile\(2\))4863 6920 w
8 R f
(twb)1237 7010 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1377 7010 w
8 R f
( files)1 208(anti\255aliased troff output to picture)4 1071 2 1449 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 2805 7010 t
8 R f
(dpic,)4379 7010 w
7 R f
(twb\(9.1\))4909 7010 w
8 R f
(tweak)1443 7100 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1653 7100 w
8 R f
( face files, etc.)3 459( files,)1 228(edit bitmap files, subfont)3 795 3 1725 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 7100 t
7 R f
(tweak\(1\))4900 7100 w
8 R f
(bundle)2000 7190 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2237 7190 w
8 R f
( for distribution)2 499(collect files)1 419 2 2309 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 7190 t
7 R f
(bundle\(1\))4876 7190 w
8 R f
(drop, save, flip)2 477 1 1556 7280 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2053 7280 w
8 R f
( to and from screen)4 613( files)1 208(copy picture)1 395 3 2125 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 7280 t
7 R f
(drop\(9.1\))4886 7280 w
10 R f
( 9)1 4427(Plan 9)1 253 2 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 9 11
%%Page: 10 12
/saveobj save def
mark
12 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 720 430 t
8 R f
(access/)720 710 w
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 993 710 t
8 R f
( fileline, symerror)2 570( filesym,)1 330(/globalsym, textsym, file2pc, fileelem,)3 1225 3 1295 710 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3440 710 w
8 R f
(symbol table)1 409 1 3512 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 710 t
7 R f
(symbol\(findsym,)4670 710 w
8 R f
(plot)2035 800 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2179 800 w
8 R f
(graphics filter)1 494 1 2251 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 800 t
7 R f
(plot\(1\))4957 800 w
8 R f
(think)1870 890 w
8 S f
(-)2054 890 w
8 R f
( filter)1 225(HP ThinkJet)1 402 2 2118 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 890 t
7 R f
(think\(1\))4922 890 w
8 R f
(look)2306 980 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 980 w
8 R f
(find lines in a sorted list)5 766 1 2592 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 980 t
7 R f
(look\(1\))4942 980 w
8 R f
(man, lookman)1 456 1 1736 1070 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2212 1070 w
8 R f
( pages of this manual)4 676( find)1 200(print or)1 236 3 2284 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 1070 t
7 R f
(man\(1\))4946 1070 w
8 R f
(spell)2298 1160 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1160 w
8 R f
(find spelling errors)2 604 1 2592 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 1160 t
7 R f
(spell\(1\))4934 1160 w
8 R f
( g)1 60( findlocal,)1 374(symbase, pc2sp, pc2line, line2addr, lookup,)4 1396 3 1124 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3023 1250 t
8 R f
(/functions\) syminit, getsym,)2 893 1 3643 1250 t
7 R f
(symbol\(findsym,)4670 1250 w
8 R f
( swar, zork)2 351( fireworks,)1 396(quiz, smiley, life, fsim, clock, catclock,)5 1251 3 1269 1340 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3287 1340 w
8 R f
(time wasters)1 399 1 3359 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 3829 1340 t
8 R f
(/plumb,)4290 1340 w
7 R f
(games\(1\))4888 1340 w
8 R f
(getflags, usage)1 472 1 1718 1430 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2210 1430 w
8 R f
( arguments in argv)3 594(process flag)1 433 2 2282 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 1430 t
7 R f
(getflags\(9.2\))4792 1430 w
8 R f
(language)720 1520 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 1082 1520 t
8 R f
( newpgrp, shift, wait, whatis,)4 925( flag,)1 215(rc, cd, eval, exec, exit,)4 712 3 1808 1520 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3680 1520 w
8 R f
(command)3752 1520 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 1520 t
7 R f
(rc\(1\))5013 1520 w
8 R f
( flio)1 182(mkfs, mkext,)1 418 2 2102 1610 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2722 1610 w
8 R f
(archive or update a file system)5 972 1 2794 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 1610 t
7 R f
(mkfs\(8\))4927 1610 w
8 R f
( flip)1 182(drop, save,)1 347 2 2173 1700 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2722 1700 w
8 R f
(copy picture files to and from screen)6 1164 1 2794 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 1700 t
7 R f
(drop\(9.1\))4886 1700 w
8 R f
(getfcr, setfcr, getfsr, setfsr)3 830 1 1373 1790 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2223 1790 w
8 R f
( point)1 184(control floating)1 544 2 2295 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 1790 t
7 R f
(getfcr\(2\))4904 1790 w
8 R f
(hoc)1979 1880 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2114 1880 w
8 R f
( point language)2 491(interactive floating)1 653 2 2186 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 1880 t
7 R f
(hoc\(1\))4966 1880 w
8 R f
(fmod, floor, ceil)2 516 1 1074 1970 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1610 1970 w
8 R f
( ceiling functions)2 552( floor,)1 246(absolute value, remainder,)2 838 3 1682 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3393 1970 t
8 R f
(fabs,)4384 1970 w
7 R f
(floor\(2\))4931 1970 w
8 R f
(floppy)2592 2060 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2820 2060 w
8 R f
(floppy disk interface)2 657 1 2892 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 2060 t
7 R f
(floppy\(3\))4884 2060 w
8 R f
(images by dithering)2 632 1 720 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 1423 2150 t
8 R f
(floyd, halftone, hysteresis)2 821 1 2592 2150 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3433 2150 w
8 R f
(create 1\255bit)1 358 1 3505 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2150 t
7 R f
(floyd\(9.1\))4866 2150 w
8 R f
(output)720 2240 w
8 I f
(. . . .)3 179 1 986 2240 t
8 R f
( doprint, donprint)2 560( fltconv,)1 317(/fmtinstall, strconv, Strconv, numbconv,)3 1285 3 1235 2240 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3417 2240 w
8 R f
(print formatted)1 478 1 3489 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 2240 t
7 R f
(print\(2\))4934 2240 w
8 R f
(flush)2592 2330 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2771 2330 w
8 R f
(abort a message)2 507 1 2843 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 2330 t
7 R f
(flush\(5\))4927 2330 w
8 R f
( segment memory cache)3 770( flush)1 231(segflush \255)1 311 3 2209 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 2420 t
7 R f
(segflush\(2\))4834 2420 w
8 R f
(floor, ceiling functions)2 726 1 720 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 1483 2510 t
8 R f
( floor, ceil)2 328(fabs, fmod,)1 412 2 2368 2510 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3128 2510 w
8 R f
(absolute value, remainder,)2 838 1 3200 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 2510 t
7 R f
(floor\(2\))4931 2510 w
8 R f
(fmt)2592 2600 w
8 S f
(-)2722 2600 w
8 R f
(ultra\255simple text formatter)2 836 1 2786 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 2600 t
7 R f
(fmt\(1\))4969 2600 w
8 R f
(fltconv,/)720 2690 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 1032 2690 t
8 R f
( strconv, Strconv, numbconv,)3 939( fmtinstall,)1 396(print, fprint, sprint, snprint,)3 868 3 1652 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2690 t
7 R f
(print\(2\))4934 2690 w
8 R f
(fone)2592 2780 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2753 2780 w
8 R f
(control ISDN telephone)2 761 1 2825 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 2780 t
7 R f
(fone\(1\))4943 2780 w
8 R f
(subfonts)720 2870 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 1052 2870 t
8 R f
(font, subfont)1 407 1 2592 2870 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3019 2870 w
8 R f
(external format for fonts and)4 912 1 3091 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 2870 t
7 R f
(font\(6\))4954 2870 w
8 R f
( Font)1 167( Fontchar,)1 375(cachechars, agefont, loadchar, Subfont,)3 1251 3 1269 2960 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3082 2960 w
8 R f
(font utilities)1 386 1 3154 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 2960 t
7 R f
(cachechars\(2\))4761 2960 w
8 R f
(sopenw, sclose, fflush, setvbuf, setbuf,/)4 1253 1 720 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 2059 3050 t
8 R f
(fopen, freopen, fdopen, fileno, fclose, sopenr,)5 1450 1 2592 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 3050 t
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 3050 w
8 R f
(clunk)2271 3140 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3140 w
8 R f
(forget about a fid)3 549 1 2592 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 3140 t
7 R f
(clunk\(5\))4911 3140 w
8 R f
(fork, rfork)1 330 1 2592 3230 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2942 3230 w
8 R f
(manipulate process resources)2 930 1 3014 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3230 t
7 R f
(fork\(2\))4951 3230 w
8 R f
(a.out)1952 3320 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2129 3320 w
8 R f
( format)1 283(object file)1 319 2 2201 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 3320 t
7 R f
(a\(6\))5036 3320 w
8 R f
(ar)1726 3410 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1807 3410 w
8 R f
( format)1 283(archive \(library\) file)2 641 2 1879 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 3410 t
7 R f
(ar\(6\))5013 3410 w
8 R f
(cmap)1936 3500 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2128 3500 w
8 R f
( format)1 283(color map)1 320 2 2200 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 3500 t
7 R f
(cmap\(9.6\))4862 3500 w
8 R f
(picfile)1579 3590 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1801 3590 w
8 R f
( format)1 283(raster graphic image)2 647 2 1873 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 3590 t
7 R f
(picfile\(9.6\))4834 3590 w
8 R f
(users)1678 3680 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1861 3680 w
8 R f
( format)1 283(file server user list)3 587 2 1933 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 3680 t
7 R f
(users\(6\))4924 3680 w
8 R f
(UTF, Unicode, ASCII, rune)3 892 1 1004 3770 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1916 3770 w
8 R f
( format)1 283(character set and)2 532 2 1988 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 3770 t
7 R f
(utf\(6\))4989 3770 w
8 R f
(bitmap)1952 3860 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2193 3860 w
8 R f
( for bitmaps)2 384(external format)1 538 2 2265 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 3860 t
7 R f
(bitmap\(6\))4871 3860 w
8 R f
(font, subfont)1 407 1 1766 3950 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2193 3950 w
8 R f
( for fonts and subfonts)4 716(external format)1 538 2 2265 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 3950 t
7 R f
(font\(6\))4954 3950 w
8 R f
(tbl)2364 4040 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4040 w
8 R f
(format tables for nroff or troff)5 952 1 2592 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 4040 t
7 R f
(tbl\(1\))4992 4040 w
8 R f
(intro)1682 4130 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1852 4130 w
8 R f
( formats)1 314(introduction to file)2 596 2 1924 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 4130 t
7 R f
(intro\(6\))4934 4130 w
8 R f
(map)1856 4220 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2013 4220 w
8 R f
( formats)1 314(digitized map)1 435 2 2085 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 4220 t
7 R f
(map\(6\))4946 4220 w
8 R f
(pcx2pic, picopic, utah2pic)2 840 1 1167 4310 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2027 4310 w
8 R f
( to picture files)3 478( formats)1 314(convert other)1 421 3 2099 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3384 4310 t
8 R f
(/gif2pic, nasa2pic,)1 585 1 3951 4310 t
7 R f
(dumppic\(9.1\))4768 4310 w
8 R f
(fscanf, scanf, sscanf, vfscanf)3 911 1 1376 4400 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2307 4400 w
8 R f
( input)1 184(scan formatted)1 521 2 2379 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 4400 t
7 R f
(fscanf\(2\))4897 4400 w
8 R f
(sprintf, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf)3 1032 1 1246 4490 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2298 4490 w
8 R f
( output)1 224(print formatted)1 530 2 2370 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3160 4490 t
8 R f
(fprintf, printf,)1 438 1 4098 4490 t
7 R f
(fprintf\(2\))4888 4490 w
8 R f
(numbconv, fltconv, doprint, donprint)3 1182 1 1096 4580 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2298 4580 w
8 R f
( output)1 224(print formatted)1 530 2 2370 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 3167 4580 t
8 R f
(/fmtinstall, strconv, Strconv,)2 908 1 3628 4580 t
7 R f
(print\(2\))4934 4580 w
8 R f
(fmt)1804 4670 w
8 S f
(-)1934 4670 w
8 R f
( formatter)1 366(ultra\255simple text)1 522 2 1998 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 4670 t
7 R f
(fmt\(1\))4969 4670 w
8 R f
(doctype)1423 4760 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1695 4760 w
8 R f
( a document)2 389( formatting)1 407(intuit command line for)3 753 3 1767 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 4760 t
7 R f
(doctype\(1\))4845 4760 w
8 R f
(slitex, bibtex, dvips, dviselect, mf)4 1074 1 1235 4850 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2329 4850 w
8 R f
( and typesetting)2 504(text formatting)1 526 2 2401 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3499 4850 t
8 R f
(tex, latex,)1 311 1 4225 4850 t
7 R f
(tex\(1\))4981 4850 w
8 R f
(troff, nroff)1 338 1 1971 4940 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2329 4940 w
8 R f
( and typesetting)2 504(text formatting)1 526 2 2401 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 4940 t
7 R f
(troff\(1\))4943 4940 w
8 R f
(ms)1994 5030 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2107 5030 w
8 R f
( manuscripts)1 404( formatting)1 407(macros for)1 341 3 2179 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 5030 t
7 R f
(ms\(6\))4985 5030 w
8 R f
(deroff, delatex)1 462 1 1728 5120 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2210 5120 w
8 R f
( requests)1 280(remove formatting)1 645 2 2282 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 5120 t
7 R f
(deroff\(1\))4897 5120 w
8 R f
(fortune)2592 5210 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2841 5210 w
8 R f
(sample lines from a file)4 749 1 2913 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 5210 t
7 R f
(fortune\(1\))4865 5210 w
8 R f
(Strconv, numbconv, fltconv, doprint,/)3 1202 1 720 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 1995 5300 t
8 R f
( sprint, snprint, fmtinstall, strconv,)4 1100(print, fprint,)1 438 2 2350 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 5300 t
7 R f
(print\(2\))4934 5300 w
8 R f
(vsprintf)720 5390 w
8 S1 f
(\261)987 5390 w
8 R f
(print formatted output)2 702 1 1059 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 1847 5390 t
8 R f
(fprintf, printf, sprintf, vfprintf, vprintf,)4 1223 1 2592 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 5390 t
7 R f
(fprintf\(2\))4888 5390 w
8 R f
( puts, fread, fwrite)3 584( fputs,)1 251(/fputc, putc, putchar, ungetc, fgets, gets,)5 1274 3 1246 5480 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3375 5480 w
8 R f
(stdio input and/)2 496 1 3447 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 5480 t
7 R f
(fgetc\(2\))4927 5480 w
8 R f
(frselect, frselectp, frselectf, frgetmouse)3 1239 1 1209 5570 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5570 w
8 R f
(frames of text)2 440 1 2592 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 3115 5570 t
8 R f
(/frptofchar, frinsert, frdelete,)2 907 1 3629 5570 t
7 R f
(frame\(2\))4904 5570 w
8 R f
(async)2267 5660 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5660 w
8 R f
(framing for a serial line to Datakit)6 1084 1 2592 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 5660 t
7 R f
(async\(3\))4908 5660 w
8 R f
(generator)720 5750 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 1059 5750 t
8 R f
( nrand, lnrand, srand)3 656( frand,)1 259(rand, lrand,)1 364 3 2156 5750 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3455 5750 w
8 R f
(random number)1 506 1 3527 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 5750 t
7 R f
(rand\(2\))4943 5750 w
8 R f
(frdelete, frselect,/)1 555 1 720 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 1340 5840 t
8 R f
( frcharofpt, frptofchar, frinsert,)3 980( frclear,)1 297(frinit, frsetrects,)1 507 3 2013 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 5840 t
7 R f
(frame\(2\))4904 5840 w
8 R f
( fwrite)1 209( fread,)1 254(putchar, ungetc, fgets, gets, fputs, puts,)5 1244 3 1276 5930 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3003 5930 w
8 R f
(stdio input and output)3 698 1 3075 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 3843 5930 t
8 R f
(/putc,)4357 5930 w
7 R f
(fgetc\(2\))4927 5930 w
8 R f
(allocator)720 6020 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 1081 6020 t
8 R f
( realloc, calloc, mstats)3 707(malloc, free,)1 450 2 2284 6020 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3461 6020 w
8 R f
(memory)3533 6020 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 6020 t
7 R f
(malloc\(2\))4875 6020 w
8 R f
(rdbitmapfile, wrbitmapfile)1 842 1 1253 6110 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2115 6110 w
8 R f
( reading, writing bitmaps)3 800(allocating, freeing,)1 649 2 2187 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 3675 6110 t
8 R f
(/wrbitmap,)4189 6110 w
7 R f
(balloc\(2\))4895 6110 w
8 R f
(sopenw, sclose, fflush, setvbuf,/)3 1019 1 720 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 1805 6200 t
8 R f
( fdopen, fileno, fclose, sopenr,)4 967(fopen, freopen,)1 535 2 2319 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 6200 t
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 6200 w
8 R f
(frequencies)720 6290 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 1158 6290 t
8 R f
(freq)2592 6290 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2739 6290 w
8 R f
(print histogram of character)3 883 1 2811 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 6290 t
7 R f
(freq\(1\))4955 6290 w
8 R f
(exponent)720 6380 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 1052 6380 t
8 R f
(frexp, ldexp, modf)2 592 1 2592 6380 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3204 6380 w
8 R f
(split into mantissa and)3 714 1 3276 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 6380 t
7 R f
(frexp\(2\))4920 6380 w
8 R f
( frgetmouse)1 429(frdelete, frselect, frselectp, frselectf,)3 1143 2 1377 6470 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2969 6470 w
8 R f
(frames of text)2 440 1 3041 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3540 6470 t
8 R f
(/frinsert,)4266 6470 w
7 R f
(frame\(2\))4904 6470 w
8 R f
(frptofchar, frinsert, frdelete, frselect,/)3 1179 1 720 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 1953 6560 t
8 R f
(frinit, frsetrects, frclear, frcharofpt,)3 1108 1 2592 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 6560 t
7 R f
(frame\(2\))4904 6560 w
8 R f
( frgetmouse)1 377( frselectf,)1 350(/frinsert, frdelete, frselect, frselectp,)3 1135 3 1385 6650 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3267 6650 w
8 R f
(frames of text)2 440 1 3339 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 6650 t
7 R f
(frame\(2\))4904 6650 w
8 R f
(frinsert, frdelete, frselect,/)2 823 1 720 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 1616 6740 t
8 R f
( frclear, frcharofpt, frptofchar,)3 957(frinit, frsetrects,)1 559 2 2342 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 6740 t
7 R f
(frame\(2\))4904 6740 w
8 R f
(fs)2592 6830 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2669 6830 w
8 R f
(file server, bootes)2 566 1 2741 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 6830 t
7 R f
(fs\(4\))5017 6830 w
8 R f
(fs, exsort)1 291 1 2592 6920 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2903 6920 w
8 R f
(file server maintenance)2 739 1 2975 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 6920 t
7 R f
(fs\(8\))5017 6920 w
8 R f
(authentication services)1 725 1 720 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 1529 7010 t
8 R f
(fsauth, rexauth, chal, changekey)3 1024 1 2592 7010 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3636 7010 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 7010 t
7 R f
(auth\(6\))4946 7010 w
8 R f
(formatted input)1 492 1 720 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 1264 7100 t
8 R f
(fscanf, scanf, sscanf, vfscanf)3 911 1 2592 7100 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3523 7100 w
8 R f
(scan)3595 7100 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 7100 t
7 R f
(fscanf\(2\))4897 7100 w
8 R f
(fsconfig)2592 7190 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2872 7190 w
8 R f
(configuring a file server)3 764 1 2944 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 7190 t
7 R f
(fsconfig\(8\))4838 7190 w
8 S1 f
(\261)720 7280 w
8 R f
(/)772 7280 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 830 7280 t
8 R f
( fseek, rewind, feof, ferror, clearerr)5 1114( fsetpos,)1 317(/fflush, setvbuf, setbuf, fgetpos, ftell,)4 1176 3 1344 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 7280 t
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 7280 w
10 R f
(10 Manual)1 4680 1 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 10 12
%%Page: 11 13
/saveobj save def
mark
13 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 4765 430 t
8 R f
( clock, catclock, fireworks, swar, zork)5 1211( fsim,)1 233(/juggle, mandel, plumb, quiz, smiley, life,)5 1333 3 1187 710 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3984 710 w
8 R f
(/)4036 710 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 710 t
7 R f
(games\(1\))4888 710 w
8 R f
(dirwstat, dirfwstat)1 578 1 720 800 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1318 800 w
8 R f
(get and put file/)3 501 1 1390 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1929 800 t
8 R f
( wstat, fwstat, dirstat, dirfstat,)4 944(stat, fstat,)1 358 2 2390 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 800 t
7 R f
(stat\(2\))4969 800 w
8 R f
( fsetpos, fseek, rewind, feof, ferror,/)5 1141( ftell,)1 219(/sclose, fflush, setvbuf, setbuf, fgetpos,)4 1243 3 1277 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 890 t
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 890 w
8 R f
(ftpfs, ftp)1 325 1 2355 980 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2700 980 w
8 R f
(file transfer protocol \(FT\) file system)5 1183 1 2772 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 980 t
7 R f
(ftpfs\(4\))4939 980 w
8 R f
(rune/UTF/)720 1070 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 1096 1070 t
8 R f
( utflen, utfrune, utfrrune, utfutf)4 985( fullrune,)1 343(runetochar, chartorune, runelen,)2 1016 3 1504 1070 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3868 1070 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 1070 t
7 R f
(rune\(2\))4943 1070 w
8 R f
( fwrite)1 261(ungetc, fgets, gets, fputs, puts, fread,)5 1168 2 1352 1160 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2801 1160 w
8 R f
(stdio input and output)3 698 1 2873 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3636 1160 t
8 R f
(/putchar,)4256 1160 w
7 R f
(fgetc\(2\))4927 1160 w
8 S1 f
(\261)720 1250 w
8 R f
(get and put file status)4 680 1 792 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1545 1250 t
8 R f
( dirstat, dirfstat, dirwstat, dirfwstat)4 1100( fwstat,)1 286(stat, fstat, wstat,)2 514 3 2006 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 1250 t
7 R f
(stat\(2\))4969 1250 w
8 R f
( g)1 112(pc2sp, pc2line, line2addr, lookup, findlocal,)4 1404 2 1116 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 2699 1340 t
8 R f
(/access functions\) syminit, getsym, symbase,)4 1429 1 3107 1340 t
7 R f
(symbol\(findsym,)4670 1340 w
8 R f
(gamma)2592 1430 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2846 1430 w
8 R f
(log gamma function)2 641 1 2918 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 1430 t
7 R f
(gamma\(2\))4860 1430 w
8 R f
(laser\255printers)720 1520 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 1211 1520 t
8 R f
(gcan, homespool, gspool)2 793 1 2592 1520 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3405 1520 w
8 R f
(interface to gnot)2 520 1 3477 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 1520 t
7 R f
(gcan\(1\))4935 1520 w
8 R f
(passtokey, nvcsum)1 602 1 720 1610 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1342 1610 w
8 R f
(network/)1414 1610 w
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 1734 1610 t
8 R f
( challreply, newns, authdial,)3 897( getchall,)1 343(auth, srvauth,)1 431 3 2089 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 1610 t
7 R f
(auth\(2\))4946 1610 w
8 R f
(gets, fputs, puts, fread, fwrite/)4 953 1 720 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1709 1700 t
8 R f
( fputc, putc, putchar, ungetc, fgets,)5 1104( getchar,)1 325(fgetc, getc,)1 350 3 2170 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 1700 t
7 R f
(fgetc\(2\))4927 1700 w
8 R f
(getcmap)2592 1790 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2881 1790 w
8 R f
(read a color map from a file)6 885 1 2953 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 1790 t
7 R f
(getcmap\(9.2\))4776 1790 w
8 R f
(getenv, putenv)1 469 1 2592 1880 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3081 1880 w
8 R f
(access environment variables)2 930 1 3153 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 1880 t
7 R f
(getenv\(2\))4880 1880 w
8 R f
(floating point)1 431 1 720 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 1211 1970 t
8 R f
(getfcr, setfcr, getfsr, setfsr)3 830 1 2592 1970 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3442 1970 w
8 R f
(control)3514 1970 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 1970 t
7 R f
(getfcr\(2\))4904 1970 w
8 R f
(string into fields)2 521 1 720 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 1317 2060 t
8 R f
(getfields, getmfields, setfields)2 952 1 2592 2060 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3564 2060 w
8 R f
(break a)1 231 1 3636 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2060 t
7 R f
(getfields\(2\))4825 2060 w
8 R f
(argv)720 2150 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 946 2150 t
8 R f
(getflags, usage)1 472 1 2592 2150 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3084 2150 w
8 R f
(process flag arguments in)3 814 1 3156 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 2150 t
7 R f
(getflags\(9.2\))4792 2150 w
8 R f
( setfsr)1 191( getfsr,)1 272(getfcr, setfcr,)1 419 3 2101 2240 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3003 2240 w
8 R f
(control floating point)2 676 1 3075 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 2240 t
7 R f
(getfcr\(2\))4904 2240 w
8 R f
(fields)720 2330 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 971 2330 t
8 R f
( setfields)1 284(getfields, getmfields,)1 720 2 2227 2330 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3251 2330 w
8 R f
(break a string into)3 576 1 3323 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 2330 t
7 R f
(getfields\(2\))4825 2330 w
8 R f
(getpid, getppid)1 530 1 2301 2420 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2851 2420 w
8 R f
(get process ids)2 468 1 2923 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 2420 t
7 R f
(getpid\(2\))4891 2420 w
8 R f
( menuhit, Event, Mouse, Menu)4 990( getrect,)1 307(/ekbd, ecanread, ecanmouse, ecankbd, ereshaped,)4 1573 3 947 2510 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3837 2510 w
8 R f
(/)3889 2510 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 2510 t
7 R f
(event\(2\))4915 2510 w
8 R f
( fcallconv, dirconv, dirmodeconv)3 1058( getS,)1 234(fcall, convS2M, convD2M, convM2S, convM2D,)4 1590 3 930 2600 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3832 2600 w
8 R f
(/)3884 2600 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 2600 t
7 R f
(fcall\(2\))4942 2600 w
8 R f
( fputs, puts, fread, fwrite)4 783( gets,)1 220(/getchar, fputc, putc, putchar, ungetc, fgets,)5 1379 3 1141 2690 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3543 2690 w
8 R f
(stdio input/)1 361 1 3615 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 2690 t
7 R f
(fgetc\(2\))4927 2690 w
8 R f
(/)1174 2780 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1196 2780 w
8 R f
( symbase, pc2sp, pc2line, line2addr,/)4 1176( getsym,)1 322(symbol table access functions\) syminit,)4 1252 3 1268 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 2780 t
7 R f
(symbol\(findsym,)4670 2780 w
8 R f
(getuser)2592 2870 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2841 2870 w
8 R f
(get user name)2 441 1 2913 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 2870 t
7 R f
(getuser\(2\))4865 2870 w
8 R f
(getwd)2592 2960 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2807 2960 w
8 R f
(get current directory)2 647 1 2879 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 2960 t
7 R f
(getwd\(2\))4896 2960 w
8 S1 f
(\261)720 3050 w
8 R f
(convert other formats to/)3 787 1 792 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . .)3 179 1 1664 3050 t
8 R f
( nasa2pic, pcx2pic, picopic, utah2pic)4 1178( gif2pic,)1 317(dumppic, face2pic,)1 607 3 1913 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 3050 t
7 R f
(dumppic\(9.1\))4768 3050 w
8 R f
(fileline, symerror)1 550 1 720 3140 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1290 3140 w
8 R f
(symbol table/)1 431 1 1362 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 1858 3140 t
8 R f
( textsym, file2pc, fileelem, filesym,)4 1129(localsym, globalsym,)1 731 2 2213 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 3140 t
7 R f
(symbol\(findsym,)4670 3140 w
8 R f
(time to)1 223 1 720 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 998 3230 t
8 R f
( asctime, timezone)2 593( gmtime,)1 335(ctime, localtime,)1 531 3 1989 3230 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3468 3230 w
8 R f
(convert date and)2 525 1 3540 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 3230 t
7 R f
(ctime\(2\))4910 3230 w
8 R f
(gcan, homespool, gspool)2 793 1 1277 3320 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2090 3320 w
8 R f
( laser\255printers)1 437( gnot)1 214(interface to)1 358 3 2162 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 3320 t
7 R f
(gcan\(1\))4935 3320 w
8 R f
(life, fsim, clock, catclock,/)3 844 1 720 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 1601 3410 t
8 R f
( juggle, mandel, plumb, quiz, smiley,)5 1186( gnuchess,)1 384(4s, 5s, ana,)2 352 3 2168 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 3410 t
7 R f
(games\(1\))4888 3410 w
8 R f
(setjmp, longjmp, notejmp)2 819 1 1309 3500 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2148 3500 w
8 R f
(non\255local goto)1 514 1 2220 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 3500 t
7 R f
(setjmp\(2\))4879 3500 w
8 R f
(grap)2592 3590 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2753 3590 w
8 R f
(pic preprocessor for drawing graphs)4 1147 1 2825 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3590 t
7 R f
(grap\(1\))4943 3590 w
8 R f
(graph)2592 3680 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2793 3680 w
8 R f
(draw a graph)2 415 1 2865 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 3680 t
7 R f
(graph\(1\))4908 3680 w
8 R f
(picfile)2051 3770 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2273 3770 w
8 R f
( image format)2 445(raster graphic)1 485 2 2345 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 3770 t
7 R f
(picfile\(9.6\))4834 3770 w
8 R f
(rdfontfile, ffree, charwidth, Pconv, Rconv)4 1334 1 1114 3860 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3860 w
8 R f
(graphics)2592 3860 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 2904 3860 t
8 R f
(/clipr, cursorswitch, cursorset,)2 959 1 3577 3860 t
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 3860 w
8 R f
(getrect, menuhit, Event, Mouse, Menu)4 1225 1 1223 3950 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3950 w
8 R f
(graphics events)1 492 1 2592 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 3124 3950 t
8 R f
(/ecanmouse, ecankbd, ereshaped,)2 1057 1 3479 3950 t
7 R f
(event\(2\))4915 3950 w
8 R f
(plot)2324 4040 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4040 w
8 R f
(graphics filter)1 442 1 2592 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 4040 t
7 R f
(plot\(1\))4957 4040 w
8 R f
(border, string, strsize, strwidth, Fcode)4 1206 1 1242 4130 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4130 w
8 R f
(graphics functions)1 585 1 2592 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3239 4130 t
8 R f
(/disc, ellipse, texture,)2 677 1 3859 4130 t
7 R f
(bitblt\(2\))4917 4130 w
8 R f
(plot)2324 4220 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4220 w
8 R f
(graphics interface)1 565 1 2592 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 4220 t
7 R f
(plot\(6\))4957 4220 w
8 R f
(lalloc, lfree, ltofront, ltoback, lcstring)4 1190 1 1258 4310 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4310 w
8 R f
(graphics layers)1 478 1 2592 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 4310 t
7 R f
(layer\(2\))4927 4310 w
8 R f
(bit)2142 4400 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2246 4400 w
8 R f
( mouse)1 228(screen graphics,)1 563 2 2318 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 4400 t
7 R f
(bit\(3\))4992 4400 w
8 R f
(grap)1372 4490 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1533 4490 w
8 R f
( graphs)1 284(pic preprocessor for drawing)3 915 2 1605 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 4490 t
7 R f
(grap\(1\))4943 4490 w
8 R f
(sysmon, stats)1 425 1 1773 4580 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2218 4580 w
8 R f
( of system activity)3 585(display graphs)1 514 2 2290 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 4580 t
7 R f
(sysmon\(8\))4853 4580 w
8 R f
(grep)2592 4670 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2753 4670 w
8 R f
(search a file for a pattern)5 789 1 2825 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 4670 t
7 R f
(grep\(1\))4943 4670 w
8 R f
(chgrp)1897 4760 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2098 4760 w
8 R f
( group)1 258(change file)1 350 2 2170 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 4760 t
7 R f
(chgrp\(1\))4908 4760 w
8 R f
(postnote)1061 4850 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1351 4850 w
8 R f
( group)1 258(send a note to a process or process)7 1097 2 1423 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 4850 t
7 R f
(postnote\(2\))4829 4850 w
8 R f
(cons)1258 4940 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1424 4940 w
8 R f
( ids, user, null, klog, stats, lights,/)6 1071( group)1 258(console, clocks, process/process)2 1024 3 1496 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 4940 t
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 4940 w
8 R f
( gspool)1 285(gcan, homespool,)1 560 2 1960 5030 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2825 5030 w
8 R f
(interface to gnot laser\255printers)3 957 1 2897 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5030 t
7 R f
(gcan\(1\))4935 5030 w
8 R f
(dithering)720 5120 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 1076 5120 t
8 R f
( hysteresis)1 333(floyd, halftone,)1 540 2 2332 5120 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3225 5120 w
8 R f
(create 1\255bit images by)3 703 1 3297 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 5120 t
7 R f
(floyd\(9.1\))4866 5120 w
8 R f
(notify, noted, atnotify)2 694 1 1754 5210 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5210 w
8 R f
(handle asynchronous process notification)3 1314 1 2592 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 5210 t
7 R f
(notify\(2\))4899 5210 w
8 R f
(RGB, rgbpix, rdcolmap, wrcolmap)3 1112 1 1336 5300 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5300 w
8 R f
(handle color screens)2 648 1 2592 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 5300 t
7 R f
(rgbpix\(2\))4884 5300 w
8 R f
(netmkaddr)720 5390 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1080 5390 w
8 R f
(make and break network/)3 806 1 1152 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 2026 5390 t
8 R f
( announce, listen, accept, reject,)4 1014(dial, hangup,)1 466 2 2381 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5390 t
7 R f
(dial\(2\))4961 5390 w
8 R f
(hard, wren)1 340 1 2592 5480 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2952 5480 w
8 R f
(hard disk interface)2 590 1 3024 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 5480 t
7 R f
(hard\(3\))4943 5480 w
8 R f
(execution, and XMODEM file/)3 996 1 720 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 1761 5570 t
8 R f
( cu, rx, xms, xmr)4 542( hayes,)1 273(con, telnet,)1 351 3 2169 5570 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3355 5570 w
8 R f
(remote login,)1 424 1 3427 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5570 t
7 R f
(con\(1\))4966 5570 w
8 R f
(he)2592 5660 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2687 5660 w
8 R f
(histogram equalization)1 726 1 2759 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 5660 t
7 R f
(he\(9.1\))4948 5660 w
8 R f
(header)720 5750 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 999 5750 t
8 R f
(hed, nohed)1 350 1 2592 5750 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2962 5750 w
8 R f
(edit or remove picture file)4 828 1 3034 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5750 t
7 R f
(hed\(9.1\))4913 5750 w
8 R f
(help)2592 5840 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2749 5840 w
8 R f
(experimental window system)2 933 1 2821 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 5840 t
7 R f
(help\(1\))4946 5840 w
8 R f
(help)2592 5930 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2749 5930 w
8 R f
(make and control help windows)4 1018 1 2821 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5930 t
7 R f
(help\(4\))4946 5930 w
8 R f
(ahd)2000 6020 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2135 6020 w
8 R f
( Dictionary)1 360(American Heritage)1 658 2 2207 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 6020 t
7 R f
(ahd\(7\))4966 6020 w
8 R f
(xd)2368 6110 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6110 w
8 R f
(hex, octal, decimal, or ASCII dump)5 1137 1 2592 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 6110 t
7 R f
(xd\(1\))4997 6110 w
8 R f
(walk)1656 6200 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1831 6200 w
8 R f
( hierarchy)1 371(descend a directory)2 617 2 1903 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 6200 t
7 R f
(walk\(5\))4931 6200 w
8 R f
(he)2373 6290 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6290 w
8 R f
(histogram equalization)1 726 1 2592 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 6290 t
7 R f
(he\(9.1\))4948 6290 w
8 R f
(freq)2151 6380 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2298 6380 w
8 R f
( of character frequencies)3 780(print histogram)1 540 2 2370 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 6380 t
7 R f
(freq\(1\))4955 6380 w
8 R f
(hoc)2592 6470 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2727 6470 w
8 R f
(interactive floating point language)3 1092 1 2799 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6470 t
7 R f
(hoc\(1\))4966 6470 w
8 R f
(laser\255printers)720 6560 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 1200 6560 t
8 R f
( gspool)1 233(gcan, homespool,)1 612 2 2350 6560 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3215 6560 w
8 R f
(interface to gnot)2 520 1 3287 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 6560 t
7 R f
(gcan\(1\))4935 6560 w
8 R f
(resample)1561 6650 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1867 6650 w
8 R f
( horizontally)1 456(resample a picture)2 581 2 1939 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 6650 t
7 R f
(resample\(9.1\))4761 6650 w
8 R f
(keyboard)2152 6740 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6740 w
8 R f
(how to type characters)3 717 1 2592 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 6740 t
7 R f
(keyboard\(6\))4807 6740 w
8 R f
(hp)2592 6830 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2692 6830 w
8 R f
(emulate an HP 2621 terminal)4 933 1 2764 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 6830 t
7 R f
(hp\(1\))4997 6830 w
8 R f
(think)2292 6920 w
8 S f
(-)2476 6920 w
8 R f
(HP ThinkJet filter)2 575 1 2592 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 6920 t
7 R f
(think\(1\))4922 6920 w
8 R f
( hs386)1 211(incon, hsvme,)1 497 2 2323 7010 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3051 7010 w
8 R f
(Datakit interface)1 530 1 3123 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 7010 t
7 R f
(datakit\(3\))4875 7010 w
8 R f
(sinh, cosh, tanh)2 496 1 1952 7100 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 7100 w
8 R f
(hyperbolic functions)1 656 1 2592 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 7100 t
7 R f
(sinh\(2\))4950 7100 w
8 R f
(hypot)2592 7190 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2794 7190 w
8 R f
(Euclidean distance)1 598 1 2866 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 7190 t
7 R f
(hypot\(2\))4907 7190 w
8 R f
( hysteresis)1 385(floyd, halftone,)1 488 2 2032 7280 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2925 7280 w
8 R f
(create 1\255bit images by dithering)4 1010 1 2997 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 7280 t
7 R f
(floyd\(9.1\))4866 7280 w
10 R f
( 11)1 4427(Plan 9)1 253 2 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 11 13
%%Page: 12 14
/saveobj save def
mark
14 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 720 430 t
8 R f
( swap, crypt, chal, key)4 714( hz,)1 167(null, klog, stats, lights, noise, sysstat,)5 1184 3 1336 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3456 710 t
8 R f
(/group ids, user,)2 513 1 4023 710 t
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 710 w
8 R f
(mugs)1932 800 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2125 800 w
8 R f
( from pictures)2 445( icons)1 240(make face)1 323 3 2197 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 800 t
7 R f
(mugs\(9.1\))4862 800 w
8 R f
(getpid, getppid)1 478 1 1595 890 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2093 890 w
8 R f
( ids)1 165(get process)1 355 2 2165 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 890 t
7 R f
(getpid\(2\))4891 890 w
8 R f
(cons)1052 980 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1218 980 w
8 R f
( user, null, klog, stats, lights, noise,/)6 1146( ids,)1 185(console, clocks, process/process group)3 1230 3 1290 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 980 t
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 980 w
8 R f
(ip)1997 1070 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2079 1070 w
8 R f
( network protocols over IP)4 849( IL)1 147(TCP, UDP,)1 369 3 2151 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 1070 t
7 R f
(ip\(3\))5012 1070 w
8 R f
( il9, il56)2 268( il7,)1 176(dkchal, dkchangekey, dkcheck, dkguard,)3 1298 3 1222 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3011 1160 t
8 R f
(/dklogin, dkfsauth, dkrexauth,)2 958 1 3578 1160 t
7 R f
(listen\(8\))4914 1160 w
8 R f
(rotate, transpose)1 520 1 1541 1250 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2081 1250 w
8 R f
( image)1 266(re\255orient an)1 367 2 2153 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 1250 t
7 R f
(transpose\(9.1\))4750 1250 w
8 R f
(picfile)1793 1340 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2015 1340 w
8 R f
( format)1 231( image)1 266(raster graphic)1 433 3 2087 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 1340 t
7 R f
(picfile\(9.6\))4834 1340 w
8 R f
(logo)2048 1430 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2210 1430 w
8 R f
( into an AT&T logo)4 639(convert image)1 504 2 2282 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 1430 t
7 R f
(logo\(9.1\))4889 1430 w
8 R f
(extremum, median, nonoise, smooth, shadepic)4 1477 1 971 1520 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1520 w
8 R f
(image neighborhood operators)2 972 1 2592 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 3613 1520 t
8 R f
(/edge2, edge3,)1 462 1 4074 1520 t
7 R f
(filters\(9.1\))4850 1520 w
8 R f
(intro)1612 1610 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1782 1610 w
8 R f
( software)1 293( image)1 266(introduction to raster)2 666 3 1854 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 1610 t
7 R f
(intro\(9\))4934 1610 w
8 R f
(lam, posit, piccat, picjoin)3 804 1 1106 1700 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1930 1700 w
8 R f
( images)1 297(combine several)1 518 2 2002 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 1700 t
7 R f
(lam\(9.1\))4908 1700 w
8 R f
(lerp)1590 1790 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1733 1790 w
8 R f
( images)1 297(linear combinations of)2 715 2 1805 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 1790 t
7 R f
(lerp\(9.1\))4905 1790 w
8 R f
(pump)1064 1880 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1266 1880 w
8 R f
( images)1 297(create and write ISO\2559660 CD\255ROM)4 1182 2 1338 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 2892 1880 t
8 R f
(mk9660,)4254 1880 w
7 R f
(mk9660\(8\))4837 1880 w
8 R f
(floyd, halftone, hysteresis)2 821 1 1249 1970 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2090 1970 w
8 R f
( by dithering)2 407( images)1 297(create 1\255bit)1 358 3 2162 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 1970 t
7 R f
(floyd\(9.1\))4866 1970 w
8 R f
(system)720 2060 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 999 2060 t
8 R f
(import)2592 2060 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2824 2060 w
8 R f
(import a name space from a remote)6 1124 1 2896 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 2060 t
7 R f
(import\(4\))4879 2060 w
8 R f
(compression)720 2150 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 1168 2150 t
8 R f
( quantize, dither)2 514( improve,)1 357(3to1, mcut,)1 361 3 2159 2150 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3411 2150 w
8 R f
(picture color)1 403 1 3483 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 2150 t
7 R f
(quantize\(9.1\))4776 2150 w
8 R f
(incon, hsvme, hs386)2 656 1 2592 2240 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3268 2240 w
8 R f
(Datakit interface)1 530 1 3340 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2240 t
7 R f
(datakit\(3\))4875 2240 w
8 R f
(functions)720 2330 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 1093 2330 t
8 R f
( isNaN, isInf)2 409(NaN, Inf,)1 355 2 2349 2330 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3133 2330 w
8 R f
(not\255a\255number and infinity)2 821 1 3205 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 2330 t
7 R f
(nan\(2\))4966 2330 w
8 R f
(astro)1694 2420 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1868 2420 w
8 R f
( information)1 447(print astronomical)1 580 2 1940 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 2420 t
7 R f
(astro\(7\))4931 2420 w
8 R f
(picinfo)2053 2510 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2298 2510 w
8 R f
( about picture files)3 593(print information)1 597 2 2370 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 2510 t
7 R f
(picinfo\(9.1\))4815 2510 w
8 R f
(init)2592 2600 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2718 2600 w
8 R f
(initialize machine or connection)3 1021 1 2790 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 2600 t
7 R f
(init\(8\))4972 2600 w
8 R f
(attach, session, nop)2 619 1 1427 2690 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2066 2690 w
8 R f
( activity)1 258( initiate)1 292(messages to)1 382 3 2138 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 2690 t
7 R f
(attach\(5\))4899 2690 w
8 R f
(Bwrite, Bflush, Bclose, Bbuffered)3 1089 1 1071 2780 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2180 2780 w
8 R f
(buffered inpu)1 482 1 2252 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 2792 2780 t
8 R f
(/Blinelen, Bputc, Bputrune, Bprint,)3 1124 1 3412 2780 t
7 R f
(bio\(2\))4977 2780 w
8 R f
(scanf, sscanf, vfscanf)2 678 1 1281 2870 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1979 2870 w
8 R f
( input)1 236(scan formatted)1 469 2 2051 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 2802 2870 t
8 R f
(fscanf,)4323 2870 w
7 R f
(fscanf\(2\))4897 2870 w
8 R f
(gets, fputs, puts, fread, fwrite)4 931 1 1342 2960 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2293 2960 w
8 R f
( and output)2 359(stdio input)1 391 2 2365 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 3172 2960 t
8 R f
(/putc, putchar, ungetc, fgets,)3 903 1 3633 2960 t
7 R f
(fgetc\(2\))4927 2960 w
8 R f
(feof, ferror, clearerr)2 626 1 1245 3050 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1891 3050 w
8 R f
( packa)1 205( input/output)1 462(standard buffered)1 557 3 1963 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3234 3050 t
8 R f
(/fsetpos, fseek, rewind,)2 735 1 3801 3050 t
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 3050 w
8 R f
(stat, wstat)1 318 1 2130 3140 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3140 w
8 R f
(inquire or change file attributes)4 996 1 2592 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 3140 t
7 R f
(stat\(5\))4969 3140 w
8 R f
( rcanon, eqpt, eqrect, ptinrect,/)4 970( inset,)1 242(mul, div, raddp, rsubp, rmul, rdiv, rshift,)6 1289 3 1231 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3816 3230 t
8 R f
(/sub,)4383 3230 w
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 3230 w
8 R f
(vi, ki)1 164 1 2284 3320 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3320 w
8 R f
(instruction simulators)1 691 1 2592 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 3320 t
7 R f
(vi\(1\))5012 3320 w
8 R f
(examine)1488 3410 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1777 3410 w
8 R f
( interactively)1 468(examine pixel values)2 671 2 1849 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 3410 t
7 R f
(examine\(9.1\))4776 3410 w
8 R f
(arp)2347 3500 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3500 w
8 R f
(Internet Address Resolution Protocol)3 1183 1 2592 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 3500 t
7 R f
(arp\(3\))4978 3500 w
8 R f
(bootp, rarpd, tftpd)2 579 1 1869 3590 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3590 w
8 R f
(Internet booting)1 510 1 2592 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 3590 t
7 R f
(bootp\(8\))4907 3590 w
8 R f
(ipconfig, arpd)1 446 1 2002 3680 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3680 w
8 R f
(Internet configuration)1 694 1 2592 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 3680 t
7 R f
(ipconfig\(8\))4833 3680 w
8 R f
(myetheraddr, maskip, etherip, equivip)3 1210 1 1238 3770 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3770 w
8 R f
(Internet protocol)1 531 1 2592 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3204 3770 t
8 R f
(/parseether, myipaddr,)1 712 1 3824 3770 t
7 R f
(ip\(2\))5012 3770 w
8 R f
(iproute)2223 3860 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3860 w
8 R f
(Internet route table manager)3 896 1 2592 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 3860 t
7 R f
(iproute\(3\))4868 3860 w
8 R f
(ascii, unicode)1 437 1 2011 3950 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3950 w
8 R f
(interpret ASCII, Unicode characters)3 1147 1 2592 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 3950 t
7 R f
(ascii\(1\))4938 3950 w
8 R f
(/beswal, leswab, leswal)2 747 1 1217 4040 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1984 4040 w
8 R f
( crackhdr, newmap, setmap,/)3 914( interpretation\))1 525(executable file)1 464 3 2056 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 4040 t
7 R f
(mach\(freemap,)4726 4040 w
8 R f
(objreset, isar, nextar, readar)3 880 1 1229 4130 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2129 4130 w
8 R f
( functions)1 316( interpretation)1 499(object file)1 319 3 2201 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3409 4130 t
8 R f
(/objsym, objbase,)1 560 1 3976 4130 t
7 R f
(object\(2\))4895 4130 w
8 R f
(pipe)2008 4220 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2165 4220 w
8 R f
( channel)1 267( interprocess)1 455(create an)1 283 3 2237 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 4220 t
7 R f
(pipe\(2\))4946 4220 w
8 R f
(pipe)2012 4310 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2169 4310 w
8 R f
( communication)1 515(two\255way interprocess)1 734 2 2241 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 4310 t
7 R f
(pipe\(3\))4946 4310 w
8 R f
(intro)2298 4400 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4400 w
8 R f
(introduction to databases)2 795 1 2592 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 4400 t
7 R f
(intro\(7\))4934 4400 w
8 R f
(intro)2298 4490 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4490 w
8 R f
(introduction to file formats)3 858 1 2592 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 4490 t
7 R f
(intro\(6\))4934 4490 w
8 R f
(intro)2298 4580 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4580 w
8 R f
(introduction to file servers)3 840 1 2592 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 4580 t
7 R f
(intro\(4\))4934 4580 w
8 R f
(intro)2298 4670 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4670 w
8 R f
(introduction to library functions)3 1018 1 2592 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 4670 t
7 R f
(intro\(2\))4934 4670 w
8 R f
(intro)2298 4760 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4760 w
8 R f
(introduction to Plan 9)3 693 1 2592 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 4760 t
7 R f
(intro\(1\))4934 4760 w
8 R f
(intro)2298 4850 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4850 w
8 R f
(introduction to raster image software)4 1173 1 2592 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 4850 t
7 R f
(intro\(9\))4934 4850 w
8 R f
(intro)2298 4940 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4940 w
8 R f
(introduction to system administration)3 1191 1 2592 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 4940 t
7 R f
(intro\(8\))4934 4940 w
8 R f
(intro)2298 5030 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5030 w
8 R f
(introduction to the Plan 9 devices)5 1068 1 2592 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 5030 t
7 R f
(intro\(3\))4934 5030 w
8 R f
(intro)2298 5120 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5120 w
8 R f
(introduction to the Plan 9 File Protocol, 9P)7 1369 1 2592 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 5120 t
7 R f
(intro\(5\))4934 5120 w
8 R f
(doctype)2196 5210 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5210 w
8 R f
(intuit command line for formatting a document)6 1497 1 2592 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 5210 t
7 R f
(doctype\(1\))4845 5210 w
8 R f
(iostats)1513 5300 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1736 5300 w
8 R f
( I/O)1 178(file system to measure)3 712 2 1808 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 5300 t
7 R f
(iostats\(4\))4887 5300 w
8 R f
(picunpack, picpack, picerror)2 904 1 1179 5390 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2103 5390 w
8 R f
( I/O)1 178(picture file)1 345 2 2175 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 2770 5390 t
8 R f
(/wrpicfile, picputprop, picgetprop,)2 1093 1 3443 5390 t
7 R f
(picopen\(9.2\))4792 5390 w
8 R f
(open, create)1 383 1 1533 5480 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1936 5480 w
8 R f
( on an existing or new file)6 831( I/O)1 178(prepare a fid for)3 512 3 2008 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 5480 t
7 R f
(open\(5\))4931 5480 w
8 R f
(iostats)2592 5570 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2815 5570 w
8 R f
(file system to measure I/O)4 838 1 2887 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 5570 t
7 R f
(iostats\(4\))4887 5570 w
8 R f
(ip)2592 5660 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2674 5660 w
8 R f
(TCP, UDP, IL network protocols over IP)6 1313 1 2746 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 5660 t
7 R f
(ip\(3\))5012 5660 w
8 R f
(ipconfig, arpd)1 446 1 2592 5750 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3058 5750 w
8 R f
(Internet configuration)1 694 1 3130 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 5750 t
7 R f
(ipconfig\(8\))4833 5750 w
8 R f
(database)720 5840 w
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 1045 5840 t
8 R f
( ndbhash, ndbseek, ndbparse)3 914( ipinfo,)1 282(/ndbsnext, ndbgetval, ndbfree, ipattr,)3 1173 3 1347 5840 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3736 5840 w
8 R f
(network)3808 5840 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 5840 t
7 R f
(ndb\(2\))4962 5840 w
8 R f
(iproute)2592 5930 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2837 5930 w
8 R f
(Internet route table manager)3 896 1 2909 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 5930 t
7 R f
(iproute\(3\))4868 5930 w
8 R f
( nextar, readar)2 455( isar,)1 206(objtype, readobj, objsym, objbase, objreset,)4 1386 3 1134 6020 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3201 6020 w
8 R f
(object file/)1 341 1 3273 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 6020 t
7 R f
(object\(2\))4895 6020 w
8 R f
( toascii,)1 247( isascii,)1 290(/isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl,)4 1296 3 1224 6110 t
8 S f
(_)3077 6110 w
8 R f
(toupper,)3117 6110 w
8 S f
(_)3400 6110 w
8 R f
(tolower, toupper,/)1 568 1 3440 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 6110 t
7 R f
(ctype\(2\))4915 6110 w
8 R f
(isprint, isgraph,/)1 519 1 720 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 1319 6200 t
8 R f
( isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct,)4 1110( isdigit,)1 291(isalpha, isupper, islower,)2 793 3 1727 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6200 t
7 R f
(ctype\(2\))4915 6200 w
8 R f
(fone)2062 6290 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2223 6290 w
8 R f
( telephone)1 329(control ISDN)1 484 2 2295 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 6290 t
7 R f
(fone\(1\))4943 6290 w
8 R f
(ispunct, isprint, isgraph,/)2 789 1 720 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 1593 6380 t
8 R f
( isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace,)4 1079( islower,)1 326(isalpha, isupper,)1 519 3 2001 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6380 t
7 R f
(ctype\(2\))4915 6380 w
8 R f
(functions)720 6470 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 1067 6470 t
8 R f
( isInf)1 165( isNaN,)1 296(NaN, Inf,)1 303 3 2217 6470 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3001 6470 w
8 R f
(not\255a\255number and infinity)2 821 1 3073 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6470 t
7 R f
(nan\(2\))4966 6470 w
8 R f
(mk9660, pump)1 484 1 1438 6560 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1942 6560 w
8 R f
( CD\255ROM images)2 586( ISO\2559660)1 387(create and write)2 506 3 2014 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 6560 t
7 R f
(mk9660\(8\))4837 6560 w
8 R f
(dossrv, 9660srv, eject)2 694 1 1438 6650 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2152 6650 w
8 R f
( file systems)2 397( ISO9660)1 361(DOS and)1 296 3 2224 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 6650 t
7 R f
(dossrv\(4\))4885 6650 w
8 R f
(aplot)2289 6740 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6740 w
8 R f
(isometric plots of data arrays)4 921 1 2592 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 6740 t
7 R f
(aplot\(9.1\))4873 6740 w
8 R f
(isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph,/)3 1058 1 720 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1814 6830 t
8 R f
( islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum,)4 1084(isalpha, isupper,)1 571 2 2275 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6830 t
7 R f
(ctype\(2\))4915 6830 w
8 R f
( iupdate)1 306(/plot, photo, movie, report, query, wextract,)5 1390 2 1130 6920 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2846 6920 w
8 R f
(weather maps, reports, photos, and/)4 1129 1 2918 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 6920 t
7 R f
(weather\(7\))4846 6920 w
8 R f
(fsim, clock, catclock,/)2 699 1 720 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 1481 7010 t
8 R f
( mandel, plumb, quiz, smiley, life,)5 1092( juggle,)1 291(4s, 5s, ana, gnuchess,)3 684 3 1836 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 7010 t
7 R f
(games\(1\))4888 7010 w
8 R f
( va, za)2 205( ka,)1 167(2a, 6a, 8a,)2 325 3 2195 7100 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2912 7100 w
8 R f
(assemblers)2984 7100 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 7100 t
7 R f
(2a\(1\))5001 7100 w
8 R f
(val, kal)1 286 1 2403 7190 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2709 7190 w
8 R f
(ALEF compilers)1 534 1 2781 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 7190 t
7 R f
(alef\(1\))4962 7190 w
8 R f
(kana8\275)2592 7280 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2862 7280 w
8 R f
(language transliterator)1 711 1 2934 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 7280 t
7 R f
(kana8\275\(1\))4847 7280 w
10 R f
(12 Manual)1 4680 1 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 12 14
%%Page: 13 15
/saveobj save def
mark
15 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 4765 430 t
8 R f
(c++/vl, c++/8l, c++/zl)2 702 1 720 710 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1442 710 w
8 R f
(C++/)1514 710 w
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 1756 710 t
8 R f
( c++/vc, c++/8c, c++/zc, c++/2l, c++/kl,)5 1279( kc,)1 167(c++/2c, c++/)1 409 3 2111 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 710 t
7 R f
(c++\(1\))4958 710 w
8 R f
( vc, zc)2 205( kc,)1 167(2c, 6c, 8c,)2 325 3 2195 800 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2912 800 w
8 R f
(C compilers)1 387 1 2984 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 800 t
7 R f
(2c\(1\))5001 800 w
8 R f
(kprof)2276 890 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 890 w
8 R f
(kernel profiling)1 496 1 2592 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 890 t
7 R f
(kprof\(3\))4916 890 w
8 R f
( key)1 187(lights, noise, sysstat, hz, swap, crypt, chal,)6 1351 2 1169 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 2770 980 t
8 R f
(/group ids, user, null, klog, stats,)5 1040 1 3496 980 t
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 980 w
8 R f
( Key)1 205(Digital Pathways SecureNet)2 898 2 1622 1070 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2745 1070 w
8 R f
(remote authentication box)2 830 1 2817 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 1070 t
7 R f
(securenet\(8\))4803 1070 w
8 R f
(wextract, iupdate)1 547 1 720 1160 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1287 1160 w
8 R f
(weather maps,/)1 481 1 1359 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1902 1160 t
8 R f
( plot, photo, movie, report, query,)5 1075(map, key,)1 364 2 2363 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 1160 t
7 R f
(weather\(7\))4846 1160 w
8 R f
(keyboard)2592 1250 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2908 1250 w
8 R f
(how to type characters)3 717 1 2980 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 1250 t
7 R f
(keyboard\(6\))4807 1250 w
8 R f
(keyfs)2592 1340 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2784 1340 w
8 R f
(authentication database files)2 899 1 2856 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 1340 t
7 R f
(keyfs\(4\))4916 1340 w
8 R f
(kfs)2592 1430 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2709 1430 w
8 R f
(disk file system)2 499 1 2781 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 1430 t
7 R f
(kfs\(4\))4982 1430 w
8 R f
(kfscmd, ksync)1 460 1 2592 1520 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3072 1520 w
8 R f
(kfs administration)1 576 1 3144 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 1520 t
7 R f
(kfscmd\(8\))4861 1520 w
8 R f
(vi, ki)1 216 1 2438 1610 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2674 1610 w
8 R f
(instruction simulators)1 691 1 2746 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 1610 t
7 R f
(vi\(1\))5012 1610 w
8 R f
(kill, broke)1 327 1 2592 1700 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2939 1700 w
8 R f
(print commands to kill processes)4 1047 1 3011 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 1700 t
7 R f
(kill\(1\))4972 1700 w
8 R f
( c++/vl, c++/8l, c++/zl)3 722( kl,)1 154(/c++/kc, c++/vc, c++/8c, c++/zc, c++/2l, c++/)5 1461 3 1059 1790 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3416 1790 w
8 R f
(C++ compilers and/)2 634 1 3488 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 1790 t
7 R f
(c++\(1\))4958 1790 w
8 R f
( vl, zl)2 179( kl,)1 154(2l, 6l, 8l,)2 286 3 2234 1880 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2873 1880 w
8 R f
(loaders)2945 1880 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 1880 t
7 R f
(2l\(1\))5012 1880 w
8 R f
( stats, lights, noise, sysstat, hz, swap,/)6 1199( klog,)1 234(/clocks, process/process group ids, user, null,)5 1438 3 1082 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 1970 t
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 1970 w
8 R f
(prof, kprof)1 396 1 2368 2060 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2784 2060 w
8 R f
(display profiling data)2 680 1 2856 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 2060 t
7 R f
(prof\(1\))4951 2060 w
8 R f
(kprof)2592 2150 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2784 2150 w
8 R f
(kernel profiling)1 496 1 2856 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 2150 t
7 R f
(kprof\(3\))4916 2150 w
8 R f
(kfscmd, ksync)1 512 1 2266 2240 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2798 2240 w
8 R f
(kfs administration)1 576 1 2870 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 2240 t
7 R f
(kfscmd\(8\))4861 2240 w
8 R f
( window, wloc)2 473(8\275, label,)1 366 2 2400 2330 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3259 2330 w
8 R f
(window system)1 499 1 3331 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2330 t
7 R f
(8\275\(1\))4979 2330 w
8 R f
(abs, labs)1 326 1 2394 2420 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2740 2420 w
8 R f
(integer absolute values)2 728 1 2812 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 2420 t
7 R f
(abs\(2\))4974 2420 w
8 R f
(graphics layers)1 478 1 720 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 1264 2510 t
8 R f
(lalloc, lfree, ltofront, ltoback, lcstring)4 1190 1 2592 2510 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3802 2510 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2510 t
7 R f
(layer\(2\))4927 2510 w
8 R f
(images)720 2600 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 999 2600 t
8 R f
(lam, posit, piccat, picjoin)3 804 1 2592 2600 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3416 2600 w
8 R f
(combine several)1 518 1 3488 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 2600 t
7 R f
(lam\(9.1\))4908 2600 w
8 R f
(lance)2592 2690 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2779 2690 w
8 R f
(LANCE Ethernet device)2 784 1 2851 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 2690 t
7 R f
(lance\(3\))4919 2690 w
8 R f
(awk)996 2780 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1149 2780 w
8 R f
( language)1 359(pattern\255directed scanning and processing)3 1299 2 1221 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 2780 t
7 R f
(awk\(1\))4951 2780 w
8 R f
(bc)1423 2870 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1518 2870 w
8 R f
( language)1 359(arbitrary\255precision arithmetic)1 930 2 1590 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 2870 t
7 R f
(bc\(1\))5001 2870 w
8 R f
(hoc)1528 2960 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1663 2960 w
8 R f
( language)1 359(interactive floating point)2 785 2 1735 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 2960 t
7 R f
(hoc\(1\))4966 2960 w
8 R f
(pic2ps)1144 3050 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1372 3050 w
8 R f
( language)1 359(convert picture file into postscript)4 1076 2 1444 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 3050 t
7 R f
(pic2ps\(9.1\))4831 3050 w
8 R f
(flag, newpgrp, shift, wait, whatis,)4 1068 1 1046 3140 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2134 3140 w
8 R f
(command language)1 673 1 2206 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 2939 3140 t
8 R f
(rc, cd, eval, exec, exit,)4 712 1 3824 3140 t
7 R f
(rc\(1\))5013 3140 w
8 R f
(twig)1722 3230 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1884 3230 w
8 R f
(tree\255manipulation language)1 923 1 1956 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 3230 t
7 R f
(twig\(1\))4942 3230 w
8 R f
(cpp)2259 3320 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2394 3320 w
8 R f
( preprocessor)1 425(C language)1 413 2 2466 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 3320 t
7 R f
(cpp\(1\))4966 3320 w
8 R f
(kana8\275)2198 3410 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3410 w
8 R f
(language transliterator)1 711 1 2592 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 3410 t
7 R f
(kana8\275\(1\))4847 3410 w
8 R f
(nonoise, smooth, shadepic/)2 863 1 720 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . .)3 179 1 1660 3500 t
8 R f
( edge, edge2, edge3, extremum, median,)5 1286( laplace,)1 316(adapt, ahe, crispen,)2 611 3 1909 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 3500 t
7 R f
(filters\(9.1\))4850 3500 w
8 R f
(text formatting and typesetting)3 978 1 720 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 1783 3590 t
8 R f
( slitex, bibtex, dvips, dviselect, mf)5 1094(tex, latex,)1 363 2 2403 3590 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3880 3590 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 3590 t
7 R f
(tex\(1\))4981 3590 w
8 R f
(ls, lc)1 202 1 2447 3680 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2669 3680 w
8 R f
(list contents of directory)3 774 1 2741 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 3680 t
7 R f
(ls\(1\))5020 3680 w
8 R f
( lcstring)1 310(lalloc, lfree, ltofront, ltoback,)3 932 2 1588 3770 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2850 3770 w
8 R f
(graphics layers)1 478 1 2922 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 3770 t
7 R f
(layer\(2\))4927 3770 w
8 R f
( modf)1 188(frexp, ldexp,)1 456 2 2333 3860 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2997 3860 w
8 R f
(split into mantissa and exponent)4 1026 1 3069 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 3860 t
7 R f
(frexp\(2\))4920 3860 w
8 R f
(lerp)2592 3950 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2735 3950 w
8 R f
(linear combinations of images)3 960 1 2807 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 3950 t
7 R f
(lerp\(9.1\))4905 3950 w
8 R f
( leswal)1 275(loadmap, mget, mput, beswab, beswal, leswab,)5 1498 2 1022 4040 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2815 4040 w
8 R f
(executable file interpretation\)/)2 959 1 2887 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 4040 t
7 R f
(mach\(freemap,)4726 4040 w
8 R f
(ARG)1804 4130 w
8 S f
(-)1994 4130 w
8 R f
( from argv)2 335( letters)1 265(process option)1 462 3 2058 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 4130 t
7 R f
(arg\(2\))4978 4130 w
8 R f
(rendezvous)1934 4220 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2316 4220 w
8 R f
( process synchronization)2 786(user level)1 358 2 2388 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 4220 t
7 R f
(rendezvous\(2\))4749 4220 w
8 R f
(lex)2592 4310 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2709 4310 w
8 R f
(generator of lexical analysis programs)4 1212 1 2781 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 4310 t
7 R f
(lex\(1\))4981 4310 w
8 R f
(layers)720 4400 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 962 4400 t
8 R f
( ltofront, ltoback, lcstring)3 810(lalloc, lfree,)1 432 2 2324 4400 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3586 4400 w
8 R f
(graphics)3658 4400 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4400 t
7 R f
(layer\(2\))4927 4400 w
8 R f
(rl)1651 4490 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1719 4490 w
8 R f
( libraries)1 331(put table of contents in)4 729 2 1791 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 4490 t
7 R f
(rl\(1\))5024 4490 w
8 R f
(ar)2088 4580 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2169 4580 w
8 R f
( file format)2 356( library\))1 309(archive \()1 279 3 2241 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 4580 t
7 R f
(ar\(6\))5013 4580 w
8 R f
(intro)1807 4670 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1977 4670 w
8 R f
( functions)1 316( library)1 283(introduction to)1 471 3 2049 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 4670 t
7 R f
(intro\(2\))4934 4670 w
8 R f
(ar)1999 4760 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2080 4760 w
8 R f
( maintainer)1 359( library)1 283(archive and)1 368 3 2152 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 4760 t
7 R f
(ar\(1\))5013 4760 w
8 R f
( fsim, clock, catclock, fireworks, swar,/)5 1253( life,)1 197(/gnuchess, juggle, mandel, plumb, quiz, smiley,)5 1520 3 1000 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 4850 t
7 R f
(games\(1\))4888 4850 w
8 R f
(key)720 4940 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 913 4940 t
8 R f
( noise, sysstat, hz, swap, crypt, chal,)6 1154( lights,)1 269(/group ids, user, null, klog, stats,)5 1040 3 1480 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 4940 t
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 4940 w
8 R f
(doctype)1674 5030 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1946 5030 w
8 R f
( for formatting a document)4 856( line)1 191(intuit command)1 502 3 2018 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 5030 t
7 R f
(doctype\(1\))4845 5030 w
8 R f
(async)1638 5120 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1839 5120 w
8 R f
( to Datakit)2 336( line)1 191(framing for a serial)3 609 3 1911 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 5120 t
7 R f
(async\(3\))4908 5120 w
8 R f
( lookup, findlocal, g)3 644( line2addr,)1 392(syminit, getsym, symbase, pc2sp, pc2line,)4 1343 3 1177 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3625 5210 t
8 R f
(/functions\))4192 5210 w
7 R f
(symbol\(findsym,)4670 5210 w
8 R f
(lerp)2325 5300 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5300 w
8 R f
(linear combinations of images)3 960 1 2592 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 5300 t
7 R f
(lerp\(9.1\))4905 5300 w
8 R f
(art, art2pic)1 343 1 1966 5390 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2329 5390 w
8 R f
(edit line\255art)1 419 1 2401 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 5390 t
7 R f
(art\(1\))4993 5390 w
8 R f
(comm)1768 5480 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1987 5480 w
8 R f
( common to two sorted files)5 891( lines)1 222(select or reject)2 461 3 2059 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 5480 t
7 R f
(comm\(1\))4891 5480 w
8 R f
(fortune)1974 5570 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2223 5570 w
8 R f
( from a file)3 354(sample lines)1 447 2 2295 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 5570 t
7 R f
(fortune\(1\))4865 5570 w
8 R f
(uniq)1809 5660 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1971 5660 w
8 R f
( in a file)3 262( lines)1 222(report repeated)1 477 3 2043 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 5660 t
7 R f
(uniq\(1\))4942 5660 w
8 R f
(look)1637 5750 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1799 5750 w
8 R f
( list)1 169(find lines in a sorted)4 649 2 1871 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 5750 t
7 R f
(look\(1\))4942 5750 w
8 R f
(ls, lc)1 150 1 2298 5840 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5840 w
8 R f
(list contents of directory)3 774 1 2592 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 5840 t
7 R f
(ls\(1\))5020 5840 w
8 R f
(users)1795 5930 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1978 5930 w
8 R f
( format)1 231( list)1 169(file server user)2 470 3 2050 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 5930 t
7 R f
(users\(6\))4924 5930 w
8 R f
(nm)2154 6020 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2276 6020 w
8 R f
( \(symbol table\))2 481(name list)1 341 2 2348 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 6020 t
7 R f
(nm\(1\))4977 6020 w
8 R f
(break network/)1 479 1 720 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 1247 6110 t
8 R f
( accept, reject, netmkaddr)3 817( listen,)1 264(dial, hangup, announce,)2 759 3 1761 6110 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3621 6110 w
8 R f
(make and)1 307 1 3693 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 6110 t
7 R f
(dial\(2\))4961 6110 w
8 R f
(dkexportfs, dkexportfs0, dkrexexec, dkwhoami,/)3 1545 1 720 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . .)3 179 1 2324 6200 t
8 R f
(listen, dkcpu, dkcpunote, dkdiscard, dkecho,)4 1418 1 2592 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 6200 t
7 R f
(listen\(8\))4914 6200 w
8 R f
( srand)1 192( lnrand,)1 295(rand, lrand, frand, nrand,)3 792 3 1728 6290 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3027 6290 w
8 R f
(random number generator)2 825 1 3099 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6290 t
7 R f
(rand\(2\))4943 6290 w
8 R f
(utilities)720 6380 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 1043 6380 t
8 R f
( Subfont, Fontchar, Font)3 783( loadchar,)1 365(cachechars, agefont,)1 645 3 1875 6380 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3688 6380 w
8 R f
(font)3760 6380 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6380 t
7 R f
(cachechars\(2\))4761 6380 w
8 R f
(2l, 6l, 8l, kl, vl, zl)5 567 1 1881 6470 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6470 w
8 R f
(loaders)2592 6470 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 6470 t
7 R f
(2l\(1\))5012 6470 w
8 R f
(c++/vl, c++/8l, c++/zl)2 702 1 1114 6560 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1836 6560 w
8 R f
( loaders)1 301(C++ compilers and)2 612 2 1908 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 2897 6560 t
8 R f
(/c++/8c, c++/zc, c++/2l, c++/kl,)3 1019 1 3517 6560 t
7 R f
(c++\(1\))4958 6560 w
8 R f
(leswal)720 6650 w
8 S1 f
(\261)943 6650 w
8 R f
(executable file interpretation\)/)2 959 1 1015 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 2059 6650 t
8 R f
(loadmap, mget, mput, beswab, beswal, leswab,)5 1498 1 2592 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 6650 t
7 R f
(mach\(freemap,)4726 6650 w
8 R f
(fileelem, filesym, fileline, symerror)3 1127 1 720 6740 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1867 6740 w
8 R f
(/)1919 6740 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 2006 6740 t
8 R f
(localsym, globalsym, textsym, file2pc,)3 1231 1 2592 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 6740 t
7 R f
(symbol\(findsym,)4670 6740 w
8 R f
(date and time to)3 510 1 720 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 1280 6830 t
8 R f
( gmtime, asctime, timezone)3 876(ctime, localtime,)1 583 2 2324 6830 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3803 6830 w
8 R f
(convert)3875 6830 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 6830 t
7 R f
(ctime\(2\))4910 6830 w
8 R f
(gamma)2214 6920 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6920 w
8 R f
(log gamma function)2 641 1 2592 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 6920 t
7 R f
(gamma\(2\))4860 6920 w
8 R f
(logarithm, power, square root)3 943 1 720 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 1729 7010 t
8 R f
( pow, pow10, sqrt)3 575( log10,)1 274(exp, log,)1 277 3 2243 7010 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3389 7010 w
8 R f
(exponential,)3461 7010 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 7010 t
7 R f
(exp\(2\))4966 7010 w
8 R f
(login)2592 7100 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2776 7100 w
8 R f
(set user name)2 432 1 2848 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 7100 t
7 R f
(login\(8\))4922 7100 w
8 R f
(con, telnet, hayes, cu, rx, xms, xmr)6 1114 1 1094 7190 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2228 7190 w
8 R f
( execution, and XMODEM file transfer)5 1255(remote login,)1 476 2 2300 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 7190 t
7 R f
(con\(1\))4966 7190 w
8 R f
(passwd, typepasswd, netkey)2 899 1 1312 7280 t
8 S f
(-)2231 7280 w
8 R f
( password)1 321(change login)1 461 2 2295 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 7280 t
7 R f
(passwd\(1\))4862 7280 w
10 R f
( 13)1 4427(Plan 9)1 253 2 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 13 15
%%Page: 14 16
/saveobj save def
mark
16 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 720 430 t
8 R f
(logo)2592 710 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2754 710 w
8 R f
(convert image into an AT&T logo)5 1091 1 2826 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 710 t
7 R f
(logo\(9.1\))4889 710 w
8 R f
( notejmp)1 281(setjmp, longjmp,)1 590 2 2288 800 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3179 800 w
8 R f
(non\255local goto)1 462 1 3251 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 800 t
7 R f
(setjmp\(2\))4879 800 w
8 R f
(look)2592 890 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2754 890 w
8 R f
(find lines in a sorted list)5 766 1 2826 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 890 t
7 R f
(look\(1\))4942 890 w
8 R f
(tel, pq)1 199 1 2249 980 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 980 w
8 R f
(look in phone book)3 619 1 2592 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 980 t
7 R f
(tel\(1\))4996 980 w
8 R f
(man, lookman)1 508 1 2363 1070 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2891 1070 w
8 R f
(print or find pages of this manual)6 1060 1 2963 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 1070 t
7 R f
(man\(1\))4946 1070 w
8 R f
( findlocal, g)2 382( lookup,)1 314(getsym, symbase, pc2sp, pc2line, line2addr,)4 1404 3 1116 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3293 1160 t
8 R f
(/functions\) syminit,)1 623 1 3913 1160 t
7 R f
(symbol\(findsym,)4670 1160 w
8 R f
(lp)2592 1250 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2674 1250 w
8 R f
(PostScript preprocessors)1 784 1 2746 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 1250 t
7 R f
(lp\(8\))5012 1250 w
8 R f
(lp)2592 1340 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2674 1340 w
8 R f
(printer output)1 435 1 2746 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 1340 t
7 R f
(lp\(1\))5012 1340 w
8 R f
(number generator)1 562 1 720 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 1368 1430 t
8 R f
( frand, nrand, lnrand, srand)4 863(rand, lrand,)1 416 2 2359 1430 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3658 1430 w
8 R f
(random)3730 1430 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 1430 t
7 R f
(rand\(2\))4943 1430 w
8 R f
(ls, lc)1 150 1 2592 1520 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2762 1520 w
8 R f
(list contents of directory)3 774 1 2834 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 1520 t
7 R f
(ls\(1\))5020 1520 w
8 R f
( ltoback, lcstring)2 532( ltofront,)1 330(lalloc, lfree,)1 380 3 2140 1610 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3402 1610 w
8 R f
(graphics layers)1 478 1 3474 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 1610 t
7 R f
(layer\(2\))4927 1610 w
8 R f
(lum)2592 1700 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2736 1700 w
8 R f
(compute luminance)1 625 1 2808 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 1700 t
7 R f
(lum\(9.1\))4904 1700 w
8 R f
(who, whois)1 369 1 1538 1790 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1927 1790 w
8 R f
( machine)1 341(who is using the)3 521 2 1999 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 1790 t
7 R f
(who\(1\))4947 1790 w
8 R f
(init)2045 1880 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2171 1880 w
8 R f
( or connection)2 455(initialize machine)1 618 2 2243 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 1880 t
7 R f
(init\(8\))4972 1880 w
8 R f
(emacs)2045 1970 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2263 1970 w
8 R f
(editor macros)1 486 1 2335 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 1970 t
7 R f
(emacs\(1\))4892 1970 w
8 R f
(mpictures)1583 2060 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1916 2060 w
8 R f
( macros)1 301(picture inclusion)1 532 2 1988 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 2060 t
7 R f
(mpictures\(6\))4790 2060 w
8 R f
(ms)2355 2150 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2150 w
8 R f
(macros for formatting manuscripts)3 1100 1 2592 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 2150 t
7 R f
(ms\(6\))4985 2150 w
8 R f
(mpm, mspe)1 372 1 2076 2240 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2240 w
8 R f
(macros for page makeup)3 783 1 2592 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 2240 t
7 R f
(mpm\(6\))4922 2240 w
8 R f
(man)2311 2330 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2330 w
8 R f
(macros to typeset manual)3 810 1 2592 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 2330 t
7 R f
(man\(6\))4946 2330 w
8 R f
(smtp, smtpd, uk2uk, vwhois, vismon)4 1176 1 720 2420 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1916 2420 w
8 R f
(mail/)1988 2420 w
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 2218 2420 t
8 R f
(mail, edmail, sendmail, seemail, aliasmail,)4 1352 1 2592 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 2420 t
7 R f
(mail\(1\))4941 2420 w
8 R f
(disable, expire, status, convkeys, wrkey)4 1264 1 1184 2510 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2510 w
8 R f
(maintain authentication databases)2 1072 1 2592 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3720 2510 t
8 R f
(/enable,)4287 2510 w
7 R f
(auth\(8\))4946 2510 w
8 R f
(mk, membername)1 574 1 1874 2600 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2600 w
8 R f
(maintain \(make\) related files)3 913 1 2592 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 2600 t
7 R f
(mk\(1\))4977 2600 w
8 R f
(ar)1768 2690 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1849 2690 w
8 R f
( maintainer)1 411(archive and library)2 599 2 1921 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 2690 t
7 R f
(ar\(1\))5013 2690 w
8 R f
(fs, exsort)1 291 1 1819 2780 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2130 2780 w
8 R f
( maintenance)1 473(file server)1 318 2 2202 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 2780 t
7 R f
(fs\(8\))5017 2780 w
8 R f
(mkdir)2258 2870 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2870 w
8 R f
(make a directory)2 533 1 2592 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 2870 t
7 R f
(mkdir\(1\))4899 2870 w
8 R f
(mktemp)2187 2960 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2960 w
8 R f
(make a unique file name)4 781 1 2592 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 2960 t
7 R f
(mktemp\(2\))4836 2960 w
8 R f
(announce, listen, accept, reject, netmkaddr)4 1354 1 1094 3050 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3050 w
8 R f
(make and break network connections)4 1184 1 2592 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 3851 3050 t
8 R f
(/hangup,)4259 3050 w
7 R f
(dial\(2\))4961 3050 w
8 R f
(help)2311 3140 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3140 w
8 R f
(make and control help windows)4 1018 1 2592 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 3140 t
7 R f
(help\(4\))4946 3140 w
8 R f
(disk/prep)2152 3230 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3230 w
8 R f
(make disk partition table)3 788 1 2592 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 3230 t
7 R f
(prep\(8\))4943 3230 w
8 R f
(mugs)2275 3320 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3320 w
8 R f
(make face icons from pictures)4 956 1 2592 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 3320 t
7 R f
(mugs\(9.1\))4862 3320 w
8 R f
(mk, membername)1 574 1 1530 3410 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2124 3410 w
8 R f
( related files)2 391( make\))1 270(maintain \()1 324 3 2196 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 3410 t
7 R f
(mk\(1\))4977 3410 w
8 R f
(mpm, mspe)1 372 1 1545 3500 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1937 3500 w
8 R f
( makeup)1 324(macros for page)2 511 2 2009 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 3500 t
7 R f
(mpm\(6\))4922 3500 w
8 R f
(allocator)720 3590 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 1052 3590 t
8 R f
(malloc, free, realloc, calloc, mstats)4 1105 1 2592 3590 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3717 3590 w
8 R f
(memory)3789 3590 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 3590 t
7 R f
(malloc\(2\))4875 3590 w
8 R f
(man)2592 3680 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2749 3680 w
8 R f
(macros to typeset manual)3 810 1 2821 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 3680 t
7 R f
(man\(6\))4946 3680 w
8 R f
(manual)720 3770 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 999 3770 t
8 R f
(man, lookman)1 456 1 2592 3770 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3068 3770 w
8 R f
(print or find pages of this)5 806 1 3140 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3770 t
7 R f
(man\(1\))4946 3770 w
8 R f
(iproute)1600 3860 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1845 3860 w
8 R f
( manager)1 345(Internet route table)2 603 2 1917 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 3860 t
7 R f
(iproute\(3\))4868 3860 w
8 R f
(catclock,/)720 3950 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 1083 3950 t
8 R f
( plumb, quiz, smiley, life, fsim, clock,)6 1211( mandel,)1 326(4s, 5s, ana, gnuchess, juggle,)4 923 3 1597 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 3950 t
7 R f
(games\(1\))4888 3950 w
8 R f
(rdsubfontfile, wrsubfontfile, mkfont)2 1148 1 1041 4040 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2209 4040 w
8 R f
(subfont manipulation)1 731 1 2281 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3094 4040 t
8 R f
(subfalloc, subffree,)1 610 1 3926 4040 t
7 R f
(subfalloc\(2\))4810 4040 w
8 R f
(twig)2142 4130 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2304 4130 w
8 R f
( language)1 307(tree\255 manipulation)1 636 2 2376 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 4130 t
7 R f
(twig\(1\))4942 4130 w
8 R f
(frexp, ldexp, modf)2 592 1 1555 4220 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2167 4220 w
8 R f
( and exponent)2 447( mantissa)1 350(split into)1 281 3 2239 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 4220 t
7 R f
(frexp\(2\))4920 4220 w
8 R f
(man, lookman)1 456 1 1166 4310 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1642 4310 w
8 R f
( manual)1 306(print or find pages of this)5 806 2 1714 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 4310 t
7 R f
(man\(1\))4946 4310 w
8 R f
(man)1735 4400 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1892 4400 w
8 R f
( manual)1 306(macros to typeset)2 556 2 1964 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 4400 t
7 R f
(man\(6\))4946 4400 w
8 R f
(ms)1639 4490 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1752 4490 w
8 R f
( manuscripts)1 456(macros for formatting)2 696 2 1824 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4490 t
7 R f
(ms\(6\))4985 4490 w
8 R f
(map)2592 4580 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2749 4580 w
8 R f
(digitized map formats)2 697 1 2821 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 4580 t
7 R f
(map\(6\))4946 4580 w
8 R f
(cmap, remap)1 410 1 2038 4670 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4670 w
8 R f
(map colors)1 351 1 2592 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4670 t
7 R f
(remap\(9.1\))4839 4670 w
8 R f
(tiger)1665 4760 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1830 4760 w
8 R f
( database)1 293( map)1 209(United States street)2 618 3 1902 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 4760 t
7 R f
(tiger\(7\))4938 4760 w
8 R f
(cmap)2093 4850 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2285 4850 w
8 R f
( format)1 231(color map)1 372 2 2357 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4850 t
7 R f
(cmap\(9.6\))4862 4850 w
8 R f
(map)2013 4940 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2170 4940 w
8 R f
( formats)1 262(digitized map)1 487 2 2242 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 4940 t
7 R f
(map\(6\))4946 4940 w
8 R f
(getcmap)1785 5030 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2074 5030 w
8 R f
( from a file)3 354( map)1 209(read a color)2 374 3 2146 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 5030 t
7 R f
(getcmap\(9.2\))4776 5030 w
8 R f
(map, mapdemo)1 543 1 2363 5120 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2926 5120 w
8 R f
(draw maps on various projections)4 1074 1 2998 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 5120 t
7 R f
(map\(7\))4946 5120 w
8 R f
(report, query, wextract, iupdate)3 997 1 1180 5210 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2197 5210 w
8 R f
( reports, photos, and utilities)4 906(weather maps,)1 511 2 2269 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3728 5210 t
8 R f
(/movie,)4295 5210 w
7 R f
(weather\(7\))4846 5210 w
8 R f
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8 S1 f
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8 R f
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8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 5300 t
7 R f
(segattach\(2\))4806 5300 w
8 R f
( etherip, equivip)2 519( maskip,)1 322(/parseip, parseether, myipaddr, myetheraddr,)3 1422 3 1098 5390 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3381 5390 w
8 R f
(Internet protocol)1 531 1 3453 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 5390 t
7 R f
(ip\(2\))5012 5390 w
8 R f
(eqn)2088 5480 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2223 5480 w
8 R f
(typeset mathematics)1 698 1 2295 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 5480 t
7 R f
(eqn\(1\))4966 5480 w
8 R f
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8 S1 f
(\261)2709 5570 w
8 R f
(multicolumn print)1 577 1 2781 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 5570 t
7 R f
(mc\(1\))4981 5570 w
8 R f
(color compression)1 585 1 720 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 1367 5660 t
8 R f
( improve, quantize, dither)3 819(3to1, mcut,)1 413 2 2358 5660 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3610 5660 w
8 R f
(picture)3682 5660 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 5660 t
7 R f
(quantize\(9.1\))4776 5660 w
8 R f
(iostats)1797 5750 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2020 5750 w
8 R f
( I/O)1 126( measure)1 336(file system to)2 428 3 2092 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 5750 t
7 R f
(iostats\(4\))4887 5750 w
8 R f
( nonoise, smooth, shadepic)3 861( median,)1 326(/crispen, laplace, edge, edge2, edge3, extremum,)5 1547 3 973 5840 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3727 5840 w
8 R f
(image/)3799 5840 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 5840 t
7 R f
(filters\(9.1\))4850 5840 w
8 R f
(mk, membername)1 626 1 2398 5930 t
8 S1 f
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8 R f
(maintain \(make\) related files)3 913 1 3116 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 5930 t
7 R f
(mk\(1\))4977 5930 w
8 R f
(memory operations)1 616 1 720 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 1412 6020 t
8 R f
( memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset)4 1293(memccpy, memchr,)1 681 2 2191 6020 t
8 S1 f
(\261)4185 6020 w
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 4287 6020 t
7 R f
(memory\(2\))4833 6020 w
8 R f
(segfree)1175 6110 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1423 6110 w
8 R f
( memory)1 337(map/unmap a segment in virtual)4 1025 2 1495 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 2930 6110 t
8 R f
(segattach, segdetach,)1 668 1 3868 6110 t
7 R f
(segattach\(2\))4806 6110 w
8 R f
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8 S1 f
(\261)2223 6200 w
8 R f
( allocation)1 333(change memory)1 562 2 2295 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 6200 t
7 R f
(brk\(2\))4974 6200 w
8 R f
(segbrk)1991 6290 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2223 6290 w
8 R f
( allocation)1 333(change memory)1 562 2 2295 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 6290 t
7 R f
(segbrk\(2\))4881 6290 w
8 R f
(malloc, free, realloc, calloc, mstats)4 1105 1 1343 6380 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6380 w
8 R f
(memory allocator)1 562 1 2592 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 6380 t
7 R f
(malloc\(2\))4875 6380 w
8 R f
( cache)1 200( memory)1 337(segflush \255 flush segment)3 775 3 1745 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 6470 t
7 R f
(segflush\(2\))4834 6470 w
8 R f
(ramfs)2268 6560 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6560 w
8 R f
(memory file system)2 631 1 2592 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 6560 t
7 R f
(ramfs\(4\))4908 6560 w
8 R f
( memset)1 319(memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove,)4 1655 2 865 6650 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2859 6650 w
8 R f
(memory operations)1 616 1 2931 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 6650 t
7 R f
(memory\(2\))4833 6650 w
8 R f
( Event, Mouse, Menu)3 689( menuhit,)1 353(/ecanmouse, ecankbd, ereshaped, getrect,)3 1312 3 1208 6740 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3582 6740 w
8 R f
(graphics events)1 492 1 3654 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 4234 6740 t
7 R f
(event\(2\))4915 6740 w
8 R f
(sort)1967 6830 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2106 6830 w
8 R f
( files)1 156( merge)1 270(sort and/or)1 342 3 2178 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 6830 t
7 R f
(sort\(1\))4962 6830 w
8 R f
(flush)2051 6920 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2230 6920 w
8 R f
( message)1 341(abort a)1 218 2 2302 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 6920 t
7 R f
(flush\(5\))4927 6920 w
8 R f
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8 S1 f
(\261)2054 7010 w
8 R f
( messages)1 372(system error)1 394 2 2126 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 7010 t
7 R f
(perror\(2\))4897 7010 w
8 R f
(attach, session, nop)2 619 1 1829 7100 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 7100 w
8 R f
(messages to initiate activity)3 880 1 2592 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 7100 t
7 R f
(attach\(5\))4899 7100 w
8 R f
( mf)1 160(tex, latex, slitex, bibtex, dvips, dviselect,)5 1297 2 1223 7190 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2700 7190 w
8 R f
(text formatting and typesetting)3 978 1 2772 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 7190 t
7 R f
(tex\(1\))4981 7190 w
8 R f
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8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1765 7280 t
8 R f
( mput, beswab, beswal, leswab, leswal)5 1228(loadmap, mget,)1 545 2 2226 7280 t
8 S1 f
(\261)4019 7280 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 7280 t
7 R f
(mach\(freemap,)4726 7280 w
10 R f
(14 Manual)1 4680 1 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 14 16
%%Page: 15 17
/saveobj save def
mark
17 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 4765 430 t
8 R f
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8 S1 f
(\261)3186 710 w
8 R f
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8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 4234 710 t
7 R f
(mk\(1\))4977 710 w
8 R f
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8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 1370 800 t
8 R f
(mk9660, pump)1 484 1 2592 800 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3096 800 w
8 R f
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8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 800 t
7 R f
(mk9660\(8\))4837 800 w
8 R f
(database)720 890 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 1040 890 t
8 R f
( cs, csquery, dns, dnsquery)4 856( mkdb,)1 274(query, mkhash,)1 489 3 2031 890 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3670 890 w
8 R f
(network)3742 890 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 890 t
7 R f
(ndb\(8\))4962 890 w
8 R f
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8 S1 f
(\261)2802 980 w
8 R f
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8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 980 t
7 R f
(mkdir\(1\))4899 980 w
8 R f
( mkfont)1 302(subffree, rdsubfontfile, wrsubfontfile,)2 1197 2 1323 1070 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2842 1070 w
8 R f
(subfont manipulation)1 679 1 2914 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3658 1070 t
8 R f
(subfalloc,)4225 1070 w
7 R f
(subfalloc\(2\))4810 1070 w
8 R f
(system)720 1160 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 999 1160 t
8 R f
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8 S1 f
(\261)3160 1160 w
8 R f
(archive or update a file)4 731 1 3232 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 1160 t
7 R f
(mkfs\(8\))4927 1160 w
8 R f
(network database)1 554 1 720 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 1328 1250 t
8 R f
( mkdb, cs, csquery, dns, dnsquery)5 1078(query, mkhash,)1 541 2 2319 1250 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3958 1250 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 1250 t
7 R f
(ndb\(8\))4962 1250 w
8 R f
(mktemp)2592 1340 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2873 1340 w
8 R f
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8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 1340 t
7 R f
(mktemp\(2\))4836 1340 w
8 R f
(mnt)2592 1430 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2736 1430 w
8 R f
(attach to 9P servers)3 620 1 2808 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 1430 t
7 R f
(mnt\(3\))4957 1430 w
8 R f
(chmod)1986 1520 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2223 1520 w
8 R f
(change mode)1 474 1 2295 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 1520 t
7 R f
(chmod\(1\))4876 1520 w
8 R f
( modf)1 240(frexp, ldexp,)1 404 2 2116 1610 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2780 1610 w
8 R f
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8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 1610 t
7 R f
(frexp\(2\))4920 1610 w
8 R f
(touch)2163 1700 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2360 1700 w
8 R f
( date of a file)4 418(set modification)1 566 2 2432 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 1700 t
7 R f
(touch\(1\))4911 1700 w
8 R f
(moto)2592 1790 w
8 S f
(-)2776 1790 w
8 R f
(create animation scripts)2 753 1 2840 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 1790 t
7 R f
(moto\(9.1\))4869 1790 w
8 R f
(tapefs)2267 1880 w
8 S f
(-)2476 1880 w
8 R f
(mount archival file systems)3 876 1 2592 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 1880 t
7 R f
(tapefs\(1\))4900 1880 w
8 R f
( unmount)1 304(bind, mount,)1 458 2 2358 1970 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3140 1970 w
8 R f
(change name space)2 613 1 3212 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 1970 t
7 R f
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8 R f
( unmount)1 304(bind, mount,)1 458 2 2358 2060 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3140 2060 w
8 R f
(change name space)2 613 1 3212 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 2060 t
7 R f
(bind\(2\))4942 2060 w
8 R f
(bit)1833 2150 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1937 2150 w
8 R f
( mouse)1 280(screen graphics,)1 511 2 2009 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 2150 t
7 R f
(bit\(3\))4992 2150 w
8 R f
(aux/ mouse)1 417 1 2383 2240 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2820 2240 w
8 R f
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8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 2240 t
7 R f
(mouse\(8\))4884 2240 w
8 R f
( Menu)1 206( Mouse,)1 309(ecankbd, ereshaped, getrect, menuhit, Event,)4 1424 3 1096 2330 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3055 2330 w
8 R f
(graphics events)1 492 1 3127 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 3680 2330 t
8 R f
(/ecanmouse,)4141 2330 w
7 R f
(event\(2\))4915 2330 w
8 R f
(cp, mv, rename)2 490 1 1763 2420 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2273 2420 w
8 R f
( files)1 156(copy, move)1 424 2 2345 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 2420 t
7 R f
(cp\(1\))5001 2420 w
8 R f
(movie)2592 2510 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2811 2510 w
8 R f
(algorithm animation)1 647 1 2883 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 2510 t
7 R f
(movie\(1\))4891 2510 w
8 R f
(weather maps, reports,/)2 741 1 720 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 1520 2600 t
8 R f
( report, query, wextract, iupdate)4 1017( movie,)1 291(map, key, plot, photo,)3 698 3 1822 2600 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3848 2600 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 2600 t
7 R f
(weather\(7\))4846 2600 w
8 R f
(mpictures)2592 2690 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2925 2690 w
8 R f
(picture inclusion macros)2 781 1 2997 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 2690 t
7 R f
(mpictures\(6\))4790 2690 w
8 R f
(mpm, mspe)1 372 1 2592 2780 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2984 2780 w
8 R f
(macros for page makeup)3 783 1 3056 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2780 t
7 R f
(mpm\(6\))4922 2780 w
8 R f
(executable file interpretation\)/)2 959 1 720 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 1725 2870 t
8 R f
( beswab, beswal, leswab, leswal)4 1024( mput,)1 256(loadmap, mget,)1 493 3 2027 2870 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3820 2870 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2870 t
7 R f
(mach\(freemap,)4726 2870 w
8 R f
(ms)2592 2960 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2705 2960 w
8 R f
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8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2960 t
7 R f
(ms\(6\))4985 2960 w
8 R f
(mpm, mspe)1 424 1 2336 3050 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2780 3050 w
8 R f
(macros for page makeup)3 783 1 2852 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 3050 t
7 R f
(mpm\(6\))4922 3050 w
8 R f
( mstats)1 275(malloc, free, realloc, calloc,)3 882 2 1638 3140 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2815 3140 w
8 R f
(memory allocator)1 562 1 2887 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 3140 t
7 R f
(malloc\(2\))4875 3140 w
8 R f
(mugs)2592 3230 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2785 3230 w
8 R f
(make face icons from pictures)4 956 1 2857 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 3230 t
7 R f
(mugs\(9.1\))4862 3230 w
8 R f
(inset, rcanon, eqpt, eqrect,/)3 858 1 720 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 1614 3320 t
8 R f
( div, raddp, rsubp, rmul, rdiv, rshift,)6 1145( mul,)1 216(add, sub,)1 286 3 2234 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 3320 t
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 3320 w
8 R f
(mc)2351 3410 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3410 w
8 R f
(multicolumn print)1 577 1 2592 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 3410 t
7 R f
(mc\(1\))4981 3410 w
8 R f
(mux)2592 3500 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2754 3500 w
8 R f
(server registry and service multiplexor)4 1225 1 2826 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 3500 t
7 R f
(mux\(3\))4942 3500 w
8 R f
( rename)1 253(cp, mv,)1 289 2 2425 3590 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2987 3590 w
8 R f
(copy, move files)2 528 1 3059 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 3590 t
7 R f
(cp\(1\))5001 3590 w
8 S1 f
(\261)720 3680 w
8 R f
(Internet/)792 3680 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 1100 3680 t
8 R f
( myetheraddr, maskip, etherip, equivip)4 1230( myipaddr,)1 397(eipconv, parseip, parseether,)2 906 3 1614 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 4234 3680 t
7 R f
(ip\(2\))5012 3680 w
8 R f
(getuser)1950 3770 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2199 3770 w
8 R f
( name)1 244(get user)1 249 2 2271 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 3770 t
7 R f
(getuser\(2\))4865 3770 w
8 R f
(login)2024 3860 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2208 3860 w
8 R f
( name)1 244(set user)1 240 2 2280 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 3860 t
7 R f
(login\(8\))4922 3860 w
8 R f
(mktemp)1578 3950 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1859 3950 w
8 R f
( name)1 244(make a unique file)3 589 2 1931 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 3950 t
7 R f
(mktemp\(2\))4836 3950 w
8 R f
(basename)1849 4040 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2182 4040 w
8 R f
( affixes)1 235( name)1 244(strip file)1 266 3 2254 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 4040 t
7 R f
(basename\(1\))4791 4040 w
8 R f
(nm)2346 4130 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4130 w
8 R f
(name list \(symbol table\))3 770 1 2592 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 4130 t
7 R f
(nm\(1\))4977 4130 w
8 R f
(bind, mount, unmount)2 710 1 1493 4220 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2223 4220 w
8 R f
( space)1 196(change name)1 469 2 2295 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4220 t
7 R f
(bind\(1\))4942 4220 w
8 R f
(bind, mount, unmount)2 710 1 1493 4310 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2223 4310 w
8 R f
( space)1 196(change name)1 469 2 2295 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4310 t
7 R f
(bind\(2\))4942 4310 w
8 R f
(namespace)1161 4400 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1529 4400 w
8 R f
( space)1 196( name)1 244(structure of conventional file)3 919 3 1601 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 4400 t
7 R f
(namespace\(4\))4760 4400 w
8 R f
(namespace)2100 4490 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4490 w
8 R f
(name space description file)3 866 1 2592 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 4490 t
7 R f
(namespace\(6\))4760 4490 w
8 R f
(import)1949 4580 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2181 4580 w
8 R f
( space from a remote system)5 906( name)1 244(import a)1 267 3 2253 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 4580 t
7 R f
(import\(4\))4879 4580 w
8 R f
(yesterday)1849 4670 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2173 4670 w
8 R f
( from the dump)3 493( names)1 275(print file)1 275 3 2245 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 4670 t
7 R f
(yesterday\(1\))4799 4670 w
8 R f
(namespace)2592 4760 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2960 4760 w
8 R f
(name space description file)3 866 1 3032 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4760 t
7 R f
(namespace\(6\))4760 4760 w
8 R f
(name space)1 368 1 720 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 1158 4850 t
8 R f
(namespace)2592 4850 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2960 4850 w
8 R f
(structure of conventional file)3 919 1 3032 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 4850 t
7 R f
(namespace\(4\))4760 4850 w
8 R f
(infinity functions)1 550 1 720 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 1317 4940 t
8 R f
(NaN, Inf, isNaN, isInf)3 712 1 2592 4940 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3324 4940 w
8 R f
(not\255a\255number and)1 567 1 3396 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 4940 t
7 R f
(nan\(2\))4966 4940 w
8 R f
(other formats to/)2 529 1 720 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 1293 5030 t
8 R f
( pcx2pic, picopic, utah2pic)3 860( nasa2pic,)1 370(dumppic, face2pic, gif2pic,)2 872 3 1648 5030 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3770 5030 w
8 R f
(convert)3842 5030 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 5030 t
7 R f
(dumppic\(9.1\))4768 5030 w
8 R f
(ndb)2592 5120 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2732 5120 w
8 R f
(Network database)1 572 1 2804 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 5120 t
7 R f
(ndb\(6\))4962 5120 w
8 R f
( ndbparse)1 359(ndbfree, ipattr, ipinfo, ndbhash, ndbseek,)4 1306 2 1214 5210 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2899 5210 w
8 R f
(network database)1 554 1 2971 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3613 5210 t
8 R f
(/ndbgetval,)4180 5210 w
7 R f
(ndb\(2\))4962 5210 w
8 R f
(ndbfree, ipattr, ipinfo,/)2 721 1 720 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 1494 5300 t
8 R f
( ndbsearch, ndbsnext, ndbgetval,)3 1044( ndbreopen,)1 428(ndbopen, ndbclose,)1 618 3 1902 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 5300 t
7 R f
(ndb\(2\))4962 5300 w
8 R f
( ndbparse)1 307( ndbseek,)1 353(/ndbgetval, ndbfree, ipattr, ipinfo, ndbhash,)4 1381 3 1139 5390 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3200 5390 w
8 R f
(network database)1 554 1 3272 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 5390 t
7 R f
(ndb\(2\))4962 5390 w
8 R f
( ndbgetval, ndbfree, ipattr, ipinfo,/)4 1095( ndbsnext,)1 380(ndbopen, ndbclose, ndbreopen, ndbsearch,)3 1356 3 1164 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 5480 t
7 R f
(ndb\(2\))4962 5480 w
8 R f
(median, nonoise, smooth, shadepic)3 1115 1 1119 5570 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2254 5570 w
8 R f
( operators)1 315(image neighborhood)1 709 2 2326 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 3410 5570 t
8 R f
(/edge2, edge3, extremum,)2 824 1 3712 5570 t
7 R f
(filters\(9.1\))4850 5570 w
8 R f
( netcrypt)1 332(encrypt, decrypt,)1 536 2 1984 5660 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2872 5660 w
8 R f
(DES encryption)1 512 1 2944 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 5660 t
7 R f
(encrypt\(2\))4857 5660 w
8 R f
( netkey)1 284(passwd, typepasswd,)1 667 2 1853 5750 t
8 S f
(-)2824 5750 w
8 R f
(change login password)2 730 1 2888 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 5750 t
7 R f
(passwd\(1\))4862 5750 w
8 R f
( netmkaddr)1 412(dial, hangup, announce, listen, accept, reject,)5 1428 2 1092 5840 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2952 5840 w
8 R f
(make and break network connections)4 1184 1 3024 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 4287 5840 t
7 R f
(dial\(2\))4961 5840 w
8 R f
(netstat)2592 5930 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2819 5930 w
8 R f
(summarize network connections)2 1029 1 2891 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 5930 t
7 R f
(netstat\(1\))4883 5930 w
8 R f
(newns, authdial, passtokey, nvcsum)3 1142 1 1306 6020 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6020 w
8 R f
(network authentication)1 731 1 2592 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 3372 6020 t
8 R f
(/getchall, challreply,)1 650 1 3886 6020 t
7 R f
(auth\(2\))4946 6020 w
8 R f
(accept, reject, netmkaddr)2 797 1 1128 6110 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1945 6110 w
8 R f
( connections)1 400( network)1 333(make and break)2 503 3 2017 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 3294 6110 t
8 R f
(/hangup, announce, listen,)2 834 1 3702 6110 t
7 R f
(dial\(2\))4961 6110 w
8 R f
(netstat)1873 6200 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2100 6200 w
8 R f
( connections)1 400(summarize network)1 681 2 2172 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 6200 t
7 R f
(netstat\(1\))4883 6200 w
8 R f
(ipattr, ipinfo, ndbhash, ndbseek, ndbparse)4 1331 1 1117 6290 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6290 w
8 R f
(network database)1 554 1 2592 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 3215 6290 t
8 R f
(/ndbsnext, ndbgetval, ndbfree,)2 966 1 3570 6290 t
7 R f
(ndb\(2\))4962 6290 w
8 R f
(ndb)2328 6380 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6380 w
8 R f
(Network database)1 572 1 2592 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 6380 t
7 R f
(ndb\(6\))4962 6380 w
8 R f
(mkhash, mkdb, cs, csquery, dns, dnsquery)5 1346 1 1102 6470 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6470 w
8 R f
(network database)1 554 1 2592 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3185 6470 t
8 R f
(query,)4335 6470 w
7 R f
(ndb\(8\))4962 6470 w
8 R f
(exportfs)2188 6560 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6560 w
8 R f
(network file server plumbing)3 925 1 2592 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 6560 t
7 R f
(exportfs\(4\))4838 6560 w
8 R f
(srv, 9fs, dk232, dkmodem)3 833 1 1459 6650 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2312 6650 w
8 R f
( file service)2 369(start network)1 469 2 2384 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 6650 t
7 R f
(srv\(4\))4982 6650 w
8 R f
(ip)1902 6740 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1984 6740 w
8 R f
( protocols over IP)3 568( network)1 333(TCP, UDP, IL)2 464 3 2056 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 6740 t
7 R f
(ip\(3\))5012 6740 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1257 6830 w
8 R f
( file)1 125( new)1 205(prepare a fid for I/O on an existing or)8 1191 3 1329 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 2897 6830 t
8 R f
(open, create)1 383 1 4153 6830 t
7 R f
(open\(5\))4931 6830 w
8 R f
(newuser)1891 6920 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2176 6920 w
8 R f
( user)1 152( new)1 205(adding a)1 272 3 2248 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 6920 t
7 R f
(newuser\(8\))4835 6920 w
8 R f
(administration for/)1 593 1 720 7010 t
8 I f
(. .)1 73 1 1369 7010 t
8 R f
( personalize, update, Disclabel)3 973( newkernel,)1 423(home, 40meg, 80meg, 100meg,)3 1008 3 1512 7010 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3936 7010 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 7010 t
7 R f
(home\(8\))4911 7010 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1194 7100 w
8 R f
( setmap, unusemap,)2 628( newmap,)1 362(executable file interpretation\) crackhdr,)3 1254 3 1266 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 3589 7100 t
8 R f
(/leswab, leswal)1 486 1 4050 7100 t
7 R f
(mach\(freemap,)4726 7100 w
8 R f
( authdial, passtokey, nvcsum)3 918( newns,)1 296(auth, srvauth, getchall, challreply,)3 1079 3 1441 7190 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3754 7190 w
8 R f
(network/)3826 7190 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 7190 t
7 R f
(auth\(2\))4946 7190 w
8 R f
(language)720 7280 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 1078 7280 t
8 R f
( shift, wait, whatis,)3 606( newpgrp,)1 371(rc, cd, eval, exec, exit, flag,)5 875 3 1645 7280 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3517 7280 w
8 R f
(command)3589 7280 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 7280 t
7 R f
(rc\(1\))5013 7280 w
10 R f
( 15)1 4427(Plan 9)1 253 2 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 15 17
%%Page: 16 18
/saveobj save def
mark
18 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 720 430 t
8 R f
(news)2592 710 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2776 710 w
8 R f
(print news items)2 526 1 2848 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 710 t
7 R f
(news\(1\))4924 710 w
8 R f
(newuser)2592 800 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2877 800 w
8 R f
(adding a new user)3 577 1 2949 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 800 t
7 R f
(newuser\(8\))4835 800 w
8 R f
( readar)1 217( nextar,)1 290(/readobj, objsym, objbase, objreset, isar,)4 1283 3 1237 890 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3047 890 w
8 R f
(object file interpretation/)2 788 1 3119 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 890 t
7 R f
(object\(2\))4895 890 w
8 R f
(nm)2592 980 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2714 980 w
8 R f
(name list \(symbol table\))3 770 1 2786 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 980 t
7 R f
(nm\(1\))4977 980 w
8 R f
(hed, nohed)1 402 1 2385 1070 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2807 1070 w
8 R f
(edit or remove picture file header)5 1059 1 2879 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 1070 t
7 R f
(hed\(9.1\))4913 1070 w
8 R f
( sysstat, hz, swap, crypt, chal, key)6 1081( noise,)1 260(/group ids, user, null, klog, stats, lights,)6 1257 3 1263 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 1160 t
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 1160 w
8 R f
(setjmp, longjmp, notejmp)2 819 1 1629 1250 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1250 w
8 R f
(non\255local goto)1 462 1 2592 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 1250 t
7 R f
(setjmp\(2\))4879 1250 w
8 R f
( smooth, shadepic)2 573( nonoise,)1 340(/laplace, edge, edge2, edge3, extremum, median,)5 1552 3 968 1340 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3453 1340 w
8 R f
(image neighborhood/)1 679 1 3525 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 4287 1340 t
7 R f
(filters\(9.1\))4850 1340 w
8 R f
(rtc)1733 1430 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1836 1430 w
8 R f
( RAM)1 203( non\255volatile)1 456(real\255time clock and)2 612 3 1908 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 1430 t
7 R f
(rtc\(3\))4993 1430 w
8 R f
( nop)1 192(attach, session,)1 479 2 2041 1520 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2732 1520 w
8 R f
(messages to initiate activity)3 880 1 2804 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 1520 t
7 R f
(attach\(5\))4899 1520 w
8 R f
(NaN, Inf, isNaN, isInf)3 712 1 1736 1610 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1610 w
8 R f
(not\255a\255number and infinity functions)3 1137 1 2592 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 1610 t
7 R f
(nan\(2\))4966 1610 w
8 R f
(regexp)1628 1700 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1864 1700 w
8 R f
( notation)1 333(regular expression)1 584 2 1936 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 1700 t
7 R f
(regexp\(6\))4877 1700 w
8 R f
(sleep, alarm)1 383 1 1348 1790 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1751 1790 w
8 R f
( note)1 209(delay, ask for delayed)3 697 2 1823 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 1790 t
7 R f
(sleep\(2\))4923 1790 w
8 R f
(postnote)1957 1880 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2247 1880 w
8 R f
( to a process or process group)6 945( note)1 209(send a)1 201 3 2319 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 1880 t
7 R f
(postnote\(2\))4829 1880 w
8 R f
( notejmp)1 333(setjmp, longjmp,)1 538 2 1982 1970 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2873 1970 w
8 R f
(non\255local goto)1 462 1 2945 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 1970 t
7 R f
(setjmp\(2\))4879 1970 w
8 R f
(process notification)1 624 1 720 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 1423 2060 t
8 R f
(notify, noted, atnotify)2 694 1 2592 2060 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3306 2060 w
8 R f
(handle asynchronous)1 670 1 3378 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 2060 t
7 R f
(notify\(2\))4899 2060 w
8 R f
( lnrand, srand)2 435( nrand,)1 273(rand, lrand, frand,)2 571 3 1949 2150 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3248 2150 w
8 R f
(random number generator)2 825 1 3320 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 2150 t
7 R f
(rand\(2\))4943 2150 w
8 R f
(troff, nroff)1 390 1 2360 2240 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2770 2240 w
8 R f
(text formatting and typesetting)3 978 1 2842 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 2240 t
7 R f
(troff\(1\))4943 2240 w
8 R f
(tbl)1816 2330 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1920 2330 w
8 R f
( or troff)2 246( nroff)1 230(format tables for)2 528 3 1992 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 2330 t
7 R f
(tbl\(1\))4992 2330 w
8 R f
(swap,/)720 2420 w
8 I f
(. . . .)3 179 1 997 2420 t
8 R f
( klog, stats, lights, noise, sysstat, hz,)6 1155( null,)1 216(/clocks, process/process group ids, user,)4 1274 3 1246 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 2420 t
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 2420 w
8 R f
( fltconv, doprint, donprint)3 825( numbconv,)1 429(/sprint, snprint, fmtinstall, strconv, Strconv,)4 1390 3 1130 2510 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3794 2510 w
8 R f
(print/)3866 2510 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 2510 t
7 R f
(print\(2\))4934 2510 w
8 R f
(NaN, Inf, isNaN, isInf)3 712 1 1527 2600 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2259 2600 w
8 R f
( and infinity functions)3 705(not\255a\255 number)1 504 2 2331 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 2600 t
7 R f
(nan\(2\))4966 2600 w
8 R f
(factor, primes)1 440 1 1757 2690 t
8 S f
(-)2217 2690 w
8 R f
( generate large primes)3 702( number,)1 335(factor a)1 239 3 2281 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 2690 t
7 R f
(factor\(1\))4904 2690 w
8 R f
(lrand, frand, nrand, lnrand, srand)4 1046 1 1139 2780 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2205 2780 w
8 R f
( generator)1 319(random number)1 558 2 2277 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3225 2780 t
8 R f
(rand,)4375 2780 w
7 R f
(rand\(2\))4943 2780 w
8 R f
(strtod, strtol, strtoul)2 627 1 1342 2870 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1989 2870 w
8 R f
( numbers)1 346(convert text to)2 459 2 2061 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 2934 2870 t
8 R f
(atof, atoi, atol, charstod,)3 770 1 3766 2870 t
7 R f
(atof\(2\))4958 2870 w
8 R f
(seq)1744 2960 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1870 2960 w
8 R f
( numbers)1 346(print sequences of)2 578 2 1942 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 2960 t
7 R f
(seq\(1\))4974 2960 w
8 R f
( nvcsum)1 320(challreply, newns, authdial, passtokey,)3 1231 2 1289 3050 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2860 3050 w
8 R f
(network authentication)1 731 1 2932 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 3729 3050 t
8 R f
(/getchall,)4243 3050 w
7 R f
(auth\(2\))4946 3050 w
8 R f
(a.out)2291 3140 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3140 w
8 R f
(object file format)2 550 1 2592 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 3140 t
7 R f
(a\(6\))5036 3140 w
8 R f
( isar, nextar, readar)3 609( objreset,)1 343(objtype, readobj, objsym, objbase,)3 1095 3 1425 3230 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3492 3230 w
8 R f
(object file/)1 341 1 3564 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 3230 t
7 R f
(object\(2\))4895 3230 w
8 R f
(xd)2213 3320 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2313 3320 w
8 R f
( decimal, or ASCII dump)4 808(hex, octal,)1 381 2 2385 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 3320 t
7 R f
(xd\(1\))4997 3320 w
8 R f
(oed)2592 3410 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2727 3410 w
8 R f
(Oxford English Dictionary)2 854 1 2799 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 3410 t
7 R f
(oed\(7\))4966 3410 w
8 R f
(seek)1937 3500 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2098 3500 w
8 R f
( offset)1 252(change file)1 350 2 2170 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 3500 t
7 R f
(seek\(2\))4943 3500 w
8 R f
(existing or new file)3 616 1 720 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 1423 3590 t
8 R f
(open, create)1 383 1 2592 3590 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2995 3590 w
8 R f
(prepare a fid for I/O on an)6 833 1 3067 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 3590 t
7 R f
(open\(5\))4931 3590 w
8 R f
(or writing, create file)3 669 1 720 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 1476 3680 t
8 R f
(open, create, close)2 586 1 2592 3680 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3198 3680 w
8 R f
(open a file for reading)4 705 1 3270 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3680 t
7 R f
(open\(2\))4931 3680 w
8 R f
(dup)1922 3770 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2062 3770 w
8 R f
( file descriptor)2 462( open)1 227(duplicate an)1 386 3 2134 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 3770 t
7 R f
(dup\(2\))4962 3770 w
8 R f
(dup)2071 3860 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2211 3860 w
8 R f
( files)1 156( open)1 227(dups of)1 237 3 2283 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 3860 t
7 R f
(dup\(3\))4962 3860 w
8 R f
(nonoise, smooth, shadepic)2 841 1 930 3950 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1791 3950 w
8 R f
( operators)1 367(image neighborhood)1 657 2 1863 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 2924 3950 t
8 R f
(/edge2, edge3, extremum, median,)3 1098 1 3438 3950 t
7 R f
(filters\(9.1\))4850 3950 w
8 R f
(ARG)2028 4040 w
8 S f
(-)2218 4040 w
8 R f
( letters from argv)3 548(process option)1 514 2 2282 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 4040 t
7 R f
(arg\(2\))4978 4040 w
8 R f
(rotate, transpose)1 520 1 1821 4130 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2361 4130 w
8 R f
( an image)2 309(re\255 orient)1 344 2 2433 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 4130 t
7 R f
(transpose\(9.1\))4750 4130 w
8 R f
(fputs, puts, fread, fwrite)3 763 1 1191 4220 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1974 4220 w
8 R f
( output)1 276(stdio input and)2 474 2 2046 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 2845 4220 t
8 R f
(/putc, putchar, ungetc, fgets, gets,)4 1071 1 3465 4220 t
7 R f
(fgetc\(2\))4927 4220 w
8 R f
(vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf)2 785 1 1165 4310 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1970 4310 w
8 R f
( output)1 276(print formatted)1 478 2 2042 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 2860 4310 t
8 R f
(fprintf, printf, sprintf,)2 685 1 3851 4310 t
7 R f
(fprintf\(2\))4888 4310 w
8 R f
(lp)2155 4400 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2237 4400 w
8 R f
(printer output)1 487 1 2309 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 4400 t
7 R f
(lp\(1\))5012 4400 w
8 R f
(fltconv, doprint, donprint)2 805 1 1145 4490 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1970 4490 w
8 R f
( output)1 276(print formatted)1 478 2 2042 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 2843 4490 t
8 R f
(/fmtinstall, strconv, Strconv, numbconv,)3 1285 1 3251 4490 t
7 R f
(print\(2\))4934 4490 w
8 R f
(proof)2116 4580 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2308 4580 w
8 R f
( interpreter)1 349(troff output)1 416 2 2380 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 4580 t
7 R f
(proof\(1\))4916 4580 w
8 R f
(ferror, clearerr)1 459 1 1206 4670 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1685 4670 w
8 R f
( packa)1 205( output)1 276(standard buffered input/)2 763 3 1757 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3067 4670 t
8 R f
(/fsetpos, fseek, rewind, feof,)3 902 1 3634 4670 t
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 4670 w
8 R f
(dpic, twb)1 297 1 1606 4760 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1923 4760 w
8 R f
( to picture files)3 478( output)1 276(anti\255aliased troff)1 525 3 1995 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 4760 t
7 R f
(twb\(9.1\))4909 4760 w
8 R f
(oed)2333 4850 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4850 w
8 R f
(Oxford English Dictionary)2 854 1 2592 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 4850 t
7 R f
(oed\(7\))4966 4850 w
8 R f
(p)2592 4940 w
8 S f
(-)2652 4940 w
8 R f
(paginate)2716 4940 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 4940 t
7 R f
(p\(1\))5032 4940 w
8 R f
(clearerr)1221 5030 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1481 5030 w
8 R f
( packa)1 257(standard buffered input/output)2 967 2 1553 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 2848 5030 t
8 R f
(/fsetpos, fseek, rewind, feof, ferror,)4 1121 1 3415 5030 t
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 5030 w
8 R f
(fcall)2039 5120 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2199 5120 w
8 R f
( delimiters)1 337(recreate packet)1 528 2 2271 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 5120 t
7 R f
(fcall\(3\))4942 5120 w
8 R f
(snoopy)1697 5210 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1948 5210 w
8 R f
( packets)1 310(spy on Ethernet)2 500 2 2020 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 5210 t
7 R f
(snoopy\(8\))4865 5210 w
8 R f
(mpm, mspe)1 372 1 1715 5300 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2107 5300 w
8 R f
( makeup)1 272( page)1 222(macros for)1 341 3 2179 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 5300 t
7 R f
(mpm\(6\))4922 5300 w
8 R f
(man, lookman)1 456 1 1588 5390 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2064 5390 w
8 R f
( of this manual)3 475( pages)1 253(print or find)2 384 3 2136 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 5390 t
7 R f
(man\(1\))4946 5390 w
8 R f
(p)2416 5480 w
8 S f
(-)2476 5480 w
8 R f
(paginate)2592 5480 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 5480 t
7 R f
(p\(1\))5032 5480 w
8 R f
(maskip, etherip, equivip)2 769 1 720 5570 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1509 5570 w
8 R f
(Internet/)1581 5570 w
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 1893 5570 t
8 R f
( parseether, myipaddr, myetheraddr,)3 1151(eipconv, parseip,)1 593 2 2248 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 5570 t
7 R f
(ip\(2\))5012 5570 w
8 R f
(disk/prep)1807 5660 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2123 5660 w
8 R f
( table)1 174( partition)1 341(make disk)1 325 3 2195 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 5660 t
7 R f
(prep\(8\))4943 5660 w
8 R f
( nvcsum)1 268( passtokey,)1 406(/srvauth, getchall, challreply, newns, authdial,)4 1464 3 1056 5750 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3214 5750 w
8 R f
(network authentication)1 731 1 3286 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 5750 t
7 R f
(auth\(2\))4946 5750 w
8 R f
(password)720 5840 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 1105 5840 t
8 R f
(passwd, typepasswd, netkey)2 899 1 2592 5840 t
8 S f
(-)3511 5840 w
8 R f
(change login)1 409 1 3575 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 5840 t
7 R f
(passwd\(1\))4862 5840 w
8 R f
(box)720 5930 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 884 5930 t
8 R f
( SecureNet Key)2 504(Digital Pathways)1 599 2 2299 5930 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3422 5930 w
8 R f
(remote authentication)1 690 1 3494 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 4234 5930 t
7 R f
(securenet\(8\))4803 5930 w
8 R f
(grep)1738 6020 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1899 6020 w
8 R f
( pattern)1 292(search a file for a)4 549 2 1971 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 6020 t
7 R f
(grep\(1\))4943 6020 w
8 R f
(language)720 6110 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 1059 6110 t
8 R f
(awk)2315 6110 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6110 w
8 R f
(pattern\255directed scanning and processing)3 1299 1 2592 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6110 t
7 R f
(awk\(1\))4951 6110 w
8 R f
(pwd, pbd)1 350 1 2362 6200 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2732 6200 w
8 R f
(working directory)1 572 1 2804 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 6200 t
7 R f
(pwd\(1\))4947 6200 w
8 R f
( pc2line, line2addr, lookup, findlocal, g)5 1258( pc2sp,)1 278(/access functions\) syminit, getsym, symbase,)4 1429 3 1091 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 6290 t
7 R f
(symbol\(findsym,)4670 6290 w
8 R f
(pcc)2592 6380 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2722 6380 w
8 R f
(APE C compiler driver)3 737 1 2794 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 6380 t
7 R f
(pcc\(1\))4970 6380 w
8 R f
( Rconv)1 229( Pconv,)1 292(cursorset, rdfontfile, ffree, charwidth,)3 1191 3 1329 6470 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3061 6470 w
8 R f
(graphics)3133 6470 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 3442 6470 t
8 R f
(/clipr, cursorswitch,)1 633 1 3903 6470 t
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 6470 w
8 R f
(pcp)2592 6560 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2727 6560 w
8 R f
(copy pictures)1 426 1 2799 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 6560 t
7 R f
(pcp\(9.1\))4913 6560 w
8 R f
(formats/)720 6650 w
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 1028 6650 t
8 R f
( picopic, utah2pic)2 568( pcx2pic,)1 344(dumppic, face2pic, gif2pic, nasa2pic,)3 1190 3 1330 6650 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3452 6650 w
8 R f
(convert other)1 421 1 3524 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 6650 t
7 R f
(dumppic\(9.1\))4768 6650 w
8 R f
(perror, syslog)1 437 1 2592 6740 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3049 6740 w
8 R f
(system error messages)2 714 1 3121 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 6740 t
7 R f
(perror\(2\))4897 6740 w
8 R f
( update, Disclabel)2 572( personalize,)1 453(home, 40meg, 80meg, 100meg, newkernel,)4 1379 3 1141 6830 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3565 6830 w
8 R f
(/)3617 6830 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 6830 t
7 R f
(home\(8\))4911 6830 w
8 R f
(tel, pq)1 199 1 2005 6920 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2224 6920 w
8 R f
( book)1 180( phone)1 267(look in)1 224 3 2296 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 6920 t
7 R f
(tel\(1\))4996 6920 w
8 R f
(wextract, iupdate)1 547 1 1162 7010 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1729 7010 w
8 R f
( and utilities)2 393( photos,)1 305(weather maps, reports,)2 719 3 1801 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3278 7010 t
8 R f
(/movie, report, query,)2 691 1 3845 7010 t
7 R f
(weather\(7\))4846 7010 w
8 R f
(grap)2307 7100 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 7100 w
8 R f
(pic preprocessor for drawing graphs)4 1147 1 2592 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 7100 t
7 R f
(grap\(1\))4943 7100 w
8 R f
(drawing pictures)1 532 1 720 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 1317 7190 t
8 R f
(pic, tpic)1 256 1 2592 7190 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2868 7190 w
8 R f
(troff and tex preprocessors for)4 960 1 2940 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 7190 t
7 R f
(pic\(1\))4981 7190 w
8 R f
(language)720 7280 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 1052 7280 t
8 R f
(pic2ps)2592 7280 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2820 7280 w
8 R f
(convert picture file into postscript)4 1076 1 2892 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 7280 t
7 R f
(pic2ps\(9.1\))4831 7280 w
10 R f
(16 Manual)1 4680 1 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 16 18
%%Page: 17 19
/saveobj save def
mark
19 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 4765 430 t
8 R f
( picjoin)1 241( piccat,)1 281(lam, posit,)1 334 3 2186 710 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3062 710 w
8 R f
(combine several images)2 763 1 3134 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 710 t
7 R f
(lam\(9.1\))4908 710 w
8 R f
(picopen)1219 800 w
8 S f
(_)1471 800 w
8 R f
(r, picopen)1 318 1 1511 800 t
8 S f
(_)1829 800 w
8 R f
( rdpicfile, wrpicfile, picputprop,/)3 1041( picclose,)1 352(w, picread, picwrite,)2 651 3 1869 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 800 t
7 R f
(picopen\(9.2\))4792 800 w
8 R f
( picerror)1 322(picputprop, picgetprop, picunpack, picpack,)3 1399 2 1121 890 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2862 890 w
8 R f
(picture file I/O)2 471 1 2934 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3482 890 t
8 R f
(/wrpicfile,)4208 890 w
7 R f
(picopen\(9.2\))4792 890 w
8 R f
(picfile)2592 980 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2814 980 w
8 R f
(raster graphic image format)3 878 1 2886 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 980 t
7 R f
(picfile\(9.6\))4834 980 w
8 R f
( picunpack, picpack, picerror)3 924( picgetprop,)1 432(/picclose, rdpicfile, wrpicfile, picputprop,)3 1321 3 1199 1070 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3896 1070 w
8 R f
(/)3948 1070 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 1070 t
7 R f
(picopen\(9.2\))4792 1070 w
8 R f
(files)720 1160 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 893 1160 t
8 R f
(picinfo)2592 1160 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2837 1160 w
8 R f
(print information about picture)3 982 1 2909 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 1160 t
7 R f
(picinfo\(9.1\))4815 1160 w
8 R f
( picjoin)1 293(lam, posit, piccat,)2 563 2 1957 1250 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2833 1250 w
8 R f
(combine several images)2 763 1 2905 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 1250 t
7 R f
(lam\(9.1\))4908 1250 w
8 R f
(xpand, picnegate)1 591 1 2305 1340 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2916 1340 w
8 R f
(adjust dynamic range)2 680 1 2988 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 1340 t
7 R f
(xpand\(9.1\))4843 1340 w
8 R f
( utah2pic)1 294( picopic,)1 326(dumppic, face2pic, gif2pic, nasa2pic, pcx2pic,)4 1482 3 1038 1430 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3160 1430 w
8 R f
(convert other formats to/)3 787 1 3232 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 1430 t
7 R f
(dumppic\(9.1\))4768 1430 w
8 R f
( picerror)1 270( picpack,)1 339(/wrpicfile, picputprop, picgetprop, picunpack,)3 1460 3 1060 1520 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3149 1520 w
8 R f
(picture file I/O)2 471 1 3221 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 1520 t
7 R f
(picopen\(9.2\))4792 1520 w
8 R f
(wrpicfile, picputprop,/)1 713 1 720 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 1490 1610 t
8 R f
(picopen)1792 1610 w
8 S f
(_)2044 1610 w
8 R f
(r, picopen)1 318 1 2084 1610 t
8 S f
(_)2402 1610 w
8 R f
( picwrite, picclose, rdpicfile,)3 908(w, picread,)1 403 2 2442 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 1610 t
7 R f
(picopen\(9.2\))4792 1610 w
8 R f
(3to1, mcut, improve, quantize, dither)4 1180 1 1268 1700 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1700 w
8 R f
(picture color compression)2 825 1 2592 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 1700 t
7 R f
(quantize\(9.1\))4776 1700 w
8 R f
(hed, nohed)1 350 1 1615 1790 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1985 1790 w
8 R f
( file header)2 356( picture)1 292(edit or remove)2 463 3 2057 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 1790 t
7 R f
(hed\(9.1\))4913 1790 w
8 R f
(pic2ps)1982 1880 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2210 1880 w
8 R f
( file into postscript language)4 905(convert picture)1 530 2 2282 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 1880 t
7 R f
(pic2ps\(9.1\))4831 1880 w
8 R f
(picgetprop, picunpack, picpack, picerror)3 1284 1 1164 1970 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1970 w
8 R f
(picture file I/O)2 471 1 2592 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3150 1970 t
8 R f
(/wrpicfile, picputprop,)1 713 1 3823 1970 t
7 R f
(picopen\(9.2\))4792 1970 w
8 R f
(picopic, utah2pic)1 548 1 1115 2060 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1683 2060 w
8 R f
( files)1 156( picture)1 292(convert other formats to)3 765 3 1755 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3039 2060 t
8 R f
(/gif2pic, nasa2pic, pcx2pic,)2 877 1 3659 2060 t
7 R f
(dumppic\(9.1\))4768 2060 w
8 R f
(picinfo)1461 2150 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1706 2150 w
8 R f
( files)1 156( picture)1 292(print information about)2 742 3 1778 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 2150 t
7 R f
(picinfo\(9.1\))4815 2150 w
8 R f
(dpic, twb)1 297 1 1300 2240 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1617 2240 w
8 R f
( files)1 156( picture)1 292(anti\255aliased troff output to)3 831 3 1689 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 2240 t
7 R f
(twb\(9.1\))4909 2240 w
8 R f
(drop, save, flip)2 477 1 1796 2330 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2293 2330 w
8 R f
( files to and from screen)5 769(copy picture)1 447 2 2365 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 2330 t
7 R f
(drop\(9.1\))4886 2330 w
8 R f
(resample)1801 2420 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2107 2420 w
8 R f
( horizontally)1 404( picture)1 292(resample a)1 341 3 2179 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 2420 t
7 R f
(resample\(9.1\))4761 2420 w
8 R f
(mpictures)2135 2510 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2510 w
8 R f
(picture inclusion macros)2 781 1 2592 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 2510 t
7 R f
(mpictures\(6\))4790 2510 w
8 R f
(mugs)1570 2600 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1763 2600 w
8 R f
( pictures)1 323(make face icons from)3 685 2 1835 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 2600 t
7 R f
(mugs\(9.1\))4862 2600 w
8 R f
(pcp)2158 2690 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2293 2690 w
8 R f
(copy pictures)1 478 1 2365 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 2690 t
7 R f
(pcp\(9.1\))4913 2690 w
8 R f
(tpic)1068 2780 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1207 2780 w
8 R f
( pictures)1 323(troff and tex preprocessors for drawing)5 1241 2 1279 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 2898 2780 t
8 R f
(pic,)4419 2780 w
7 R f
(pic\(1\))4981 2780 w
8 R f
( picpack, picerror)2 557( picunpack,)1 419(/rdpicfile, wrpicfile, picputprop, picgetprop,)3 1401 3 1119 2870 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3516 2870 w
8 R f
(picture file/)1 367 1 3588 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 2870 t
7 R f
(picopen\(9.2\))4792 2870 w
8 R f
(picputprop,/)720 2960 w
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 1164 2960 t
8 R f
(picopen)1519 2960 w
8 S f
(_)1771 2960 w
8 R f
(r, picopen)1 318 1 1811 2960 t
8 S f
(_)2129 2960 w
8 R f
( picclose, rdpicfile, wrpicfile,)3 934( picwrite,)1 352(w, picread,)1 351 3 2169 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 2960 t
7 R f
(picopen\(9.2\))4792 2960 w
8 R f
(pipe)2592 3050 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2749 3050 w
8 R f
(create an interprocess channel)3 953 1 2821 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 3050 t
7 R f
(pipe\(2\))4946 3050 w
8 R f
(pipe)2592 3140 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2749 3140 w
8 R f
(two\255way interprocess communication)2 1197 1 2821 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 3140 t
7 R f
(pipe\(3\))4946 3140 w
8 R f
(tee)2356 3230 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3230 w
8 R f
(pipe fitting)1 351 1 2592 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 3230 t
7 R f
(tee\(1\))4985 3230 w
8 R f
(examine)1890 3320 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2179 3320 w
8 R f
( values interactively)2 639(examine pixel)1 500 2 2251 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 3320 t
7 R f
(examine\(9.1\))4776 3320 w
8 R f
(intro)1807 3410 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1977 3410 w
8 R f
( 9)1 60( Plan)1 214(introduction to)1 471 3 2049 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 3410 t
7 R f
(intro\(1\))4934 3410 w
8 R f
(intro)1690 3500 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1860 3500 w
8 R f
( 9 devices)2 318( Plan)1 214(introduction to the)2 588 3 1932 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 3500 t
7 R f
(intro\(3\))4934 3500 w
8 R f
(fcallconv, dirconv, dirmodeconv)2 1038 1 1032 3590 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2090 3590 w
8 R f
( 9 File protocol)3 489( Plan)1 214(interface to)1 358 3 2162 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 3282 3590 t
8 R f
(/convM2S, convM2D, getS,)2 899 1 3637 3590 t
7 R f
(fcall\(2\))4942 3590 w
8 R f
(intro)1690 3680 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1860 3680 w
8 R f
( 9 File Protocol, 9P)4 619( Plan)1 214(introduction to the)2 588 3 1932 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 3680 t
7 R f
(intro\(5\))4934 3680 w
8 R f
(plot)2592 3770 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2736 3770 w
8 R f
(graphics filter)1 442 1 2808 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 3770 t
7 R f
(plot\(1\))4957 3770 w
8 R f
(plot)2592 3860 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2736 3860 w
8 R f
(graphics interface)1 565 1 2808 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 3860 t
7 R f
(plot\(6\))4957 3860 w
8 R f
(iupdate)720 3950 w
8 S1 f
(\261)974 3950 w
8 R f
(weather maps, reports,/)2 741 1 1046 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 1853 3950 t
8 R f
( photo, movie, report, query, wextract,)5 1224( plot,)1 216(map, key,)1 312 3 2208 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3950 t
7 R f
(weather\(7\))4846 3950 w
8 R f
(aplot)1974 4040 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2153 4040 w
8 R f
( of data arrays)3 451(isometric plots)1 522 2 2225 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 4040 t
7 R f
(aplot\(9.1\))4873 4040 w
8 R f
( quiz, smiley, life, fsim, clock,/)5 989( plumb,)1 296(4s, 5s, ana, gnuchess, juggle, mandel,)5 1197 3 1323 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 4130 t
7 R f
(games\(1\))4888 4130 w
8 R f
(exportfs)1569 4220 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1849 4220 w
8 R f
( plumbing)1 378(network file server)2 599 2 1921 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 4220 t
7 R f
(exportfs\(4\))4838 4220 w
8 R f
(setfcr, getfsr, setfsr)2 606 1 1330 4310 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1956 4310 w
8 R f
( point)1 236(control floating)1 492 2 2028 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 2811 4310 t
8 R f
(getfcr,)4332 4310 w
7 R f
(getfcr\(2\))4904 4310 w
8 R f
(hoc)1712 4400 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1847 4400 w
8 R f
( language)1 307( point)1 236(interactive floating)1 601 3 1919 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 4400 t
7 R f
(hoc\(1\))4966 4400 w
8 R f
(bclose, berror, bscreenrect, bneed, bflush,/)4 1347 1 720 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 2112 4490 t
8 R f
(Point, Rectangle, Bitmap, Cursor, binit,)4 1265 1 2592 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 4490 t
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 4490 w
8 R f
(Dx, Dy, Pt, Rect, Rpt)4 685 1 1322 4580 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2027 4580 w
8 R f
( and rectangles)2 476( points)1 267(arithmetic on)1 421 3 2099 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3303 4580 t
8 R f
(/rectXrect, rectclip,)1 613 1 3923 4580 t
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 4580 w
8 R f
( arc, circle, disc, ellipse,/)4 788( polysegment,)1 499(bitblt, bitbltclip, clipline, point, segment,)4 1302 3 1218 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 4670 t
7 R f
(bitblt\(2\))4917 4670 w
8 R f
(aux/mouse)1359 4760 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1724 4760 w
8 R f
( port)1 200(configure a mouse to a)4 724 2 1796 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 4760 t
7 R f
(mouse\(8\))4884 4760 w
8 R f
(images)720 4850 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 1019 4850 t
8 R f
( piccat, picjoin)2 470(lam, posit,)1 386 2 2381 4850 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3257 4850 w
8 R f
(combine several)1 518 1 3329 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 4850 t
7 R f
(lam\(9.1\))4908 4850 w
8 R f
(group)720 4940 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 946 4940 t
8 R f
(postnote)2592 4940 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2882 4940 w
8 R f
(send a note to a process or process)7 1097 1 2954 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 4940 t
7 R f
(postnote\(2\))4829 4940 w
8 R f
(psi)2355 5030 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5030 w
8 R f
(postscript interpreter)1 658 1 2592 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 5030 t
7 R f
(psi\(1\))4985 5030 w
8 R f
(pic2ps)1473 5120 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1701 5120 w
8 R f
( language)1 307( postscript)1 381(convert picture file into)3 747 3 1773 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 5120 t
7 R f
(pic2ps\(9.1\))4831 5120 w
8 R f
(lp)2386 5210 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5210 w
8 R f
(PostScript preprocessors)1 784 1 2592 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 5210 t
7 R f
(lp\(8\))5012 5210 w
8 R f
(square root)1 355 1 720 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 1117 5300 t
8 R f
( sqrt)1 139( pow10,)1 310(exp, log, log10, pow,)3 677 3 1843 5300 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2989 5300 w
8 R f
(exponential, logarithm, power,)2 979 1 3061 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 5300 t
7 R f
(exp\(2\))4966 5300 w
8 R f
(tel, pq)1 251 1 2421 5390 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2692 5390 w
8 R f
(look in phone book)3 619 1 2764 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 5390 t
7 R f
(tel\(1\))4996 5390 w
8 R f
(pr)2592 5480 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2678 5480 w
8 R f
(print file)1 275 1 2750 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 5480 t
7 R f
(pr\(1\))5009 5480 w
8 R f
(bc)2055 5570 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2150 5570 w
8 R f
( arithmetic language)2 648(arbitrary\255 precision)1 661 2 2222 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 5570 t
7 R f
(bc\(1\))5001 5570 w
8 R f
(disk/ prep)1 368 1 2365 5660 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2753 5660 w
8 R f
(make disk partition table)3 788 1 2825 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 5660 t
7 R f
(prep\(8\))4943 5660 w
8 R f
(cpp)1952 5750 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2087 5750 w
8 R f
( preprocessor)1 477(C language)1 361 2 2159 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 5750 t
7 R f
(cpp\(1\))4966 5750 w
8 R f
(grap)2190 5840 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2351 5840 w
8 R f
( for drawing graphs)3 625(pic preprocessor)1 574 2 2423 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 5840 t
7 R f
(grap\(1\))4943 5840 w
8 R f
(lp)2038 5930 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2120 5930 w
8 R f
(PostScript preprocessors)1 836 1 2192 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 5930 t
7 R f
(lp\(8\))5012 5930 w
8 R f
(pic, tpic)1 256 1 1780 6020 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2056 6020 w
8 R f
( for drawing pictures)3 664( preprocessors)1 508(troff and tex)2 392 3 2128 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 6020 t
7 R f
(pic\(1\))4981 6020 w
8 R f
(primes)720 6110 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 1007 6110 t
8 R f
(factor, primes)1 492 1 2316 6110 t
8 S f
(-)2828 6110 w
8 R f
(factor a number, generate large)4 988 1 2892 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 6110 t
7 R f
(factor\(1\))4904 6110 w
8 R f
(mc)1924 6200 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2041 6200 w
8 R f
(multicolumn print)1 629 1 2113 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 6200 t
7 R f
(mc\(1\))4981 6200 w
8 R f
(echo)2298 6290 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6290 w
8 R f
(print arguments)1 501 1 2592 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 6290 t
7 R f
(echo\(1\))4935 6290 w
8 R f
(astro)2294 6380 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6380 w
8 R f
(print astronomical information)2 975 1 2592 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 6380 t
7 R f
(astro\(7\))4931 6380 w
8 R f
(cal)2356 6470 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6470 w
8 R f
(print calendar)1 438 1 2592 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 6470 t
7 R f
(cal\(1\))4985 6470 w
8 R f
(kill, broke)1 327 1 2121 6560 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6560 w
8 R f
(print commands to kill processes)4 1047 1 2592 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 6560 t
7 R f
(kill\(1\))4972 6560 w
8 R f
(stop, start)1 309 1 2139 6650 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6650 w
8 R f
(print commands to stop and start processes)6 1365 1 2592 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 6650 t
7 R f
(stop\(1\))4950 6650 w
8 R f
(pr)2382 6740 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6740 w
8 R f
(print file)1 275 1 2592 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 6740 t
7 R f
(pr\(1\))5009 6740 w
8 R f
(yesterday)2144 6830 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6830 w
8 R f
(print file names from the dump)5 991 1 2592 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 6830 t
7 R f
(yesterday\(1\))4799 6830 w
8 R f
(printf, sprintf, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf)4 1248 1 1200 6920 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6920 w
8 R f
(print formatted output)2 702 1 2592 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3376 6920 t
8 R f
(fprintf,)4314 6920 w
7 R f
(fprintf\(2\))4888 6920 w
8 R f
(strconv, Strconv, numbconv, fltconv, doprint,/)4 1476 1 720 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 2271 7010 t
8 R f
(print, fprint, sprint, snprint, fmtinstall,)4 1212 1 2592 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 7010 t
7 R f
(print\(2\))4934 7010 w
8 R f
(freq)2321 7100 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 7100 w
8 R f
(print histogram of character frequencies)4 1268 1 2592 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 7100 t
7 R f
(freq\(1\))4955 7100 w
8 R f
(picinfo)2223 7190 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 7190 w
8 R f
(print information about picture files)4 1138 1 2592 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 7190 t
7 R f
(picinfo\(9.1\))4815 7190 w
8 R f
(news)2284 7280 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 7280 w
8 R f
(print news items)2 526 1 2592 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 7280 t
7 R f
(news\(1\))4924 7280 w
10 R f
( 17)1 4427(Plan 9)1 253 2 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 17 19
%%Page: 18 20
/saveobj save def
mark
20 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 720 430 t
8 R f
(man, lookman)1 456 1 1992 710 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 710 w
8 R f
(print or find pages of this manual)6 1060 1 2592 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 710 t
7 R f
(man\(1\))4946 710 w
8 R f
(seq)2342 800 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 800 w
8 R f
(print sequences of numbers)3 872 1 2592 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 800 t
7 R f
(seq\(1\))4974 800 w
8 R f
(size)2325 890 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 890 w
8 R f
(print size of executable files)4 894 1 2592 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 890 t
7 R f
(size\(1\))4958 890 w
8 R f
(date)2316 980 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 980 w
8 R f
(print the date)2 419 1 2592 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 980 t
7 R f
(date\(1\))4950 980 w
8 R f
(strings)2001 1070 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2233 1070 w
8 R f
( strings)1 232(extract printable)1 569 2 2305 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 1070 t
7 R f
(strings\(1\))4880 1070 w
8 R f
(lp)2386 1160 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1160 w
8 R f
(printer output)1 435 1 2592 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 1160 t
7 R f
(lp\(1\))5012 1160 w
8 R f
(homespool, gspool)1 603 1 1110 1250 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1733 1250 w
8 R f
( printers)1 314(interface to gnot laser\255)3 715 2 1805 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 2898 1250 t
8 R f
(gcan,)4366 1250 w
7 R f
(gcan\(1\))4935 1250 w
8 R f
(print formatted output)2 702 1 720 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 1466 1340 t
8 R f
( sprintf, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf)4 1052(fprintf, printf,)1 490 2 2298 1340 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3860 1340 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 1340 t
7 R f
(fprintf\(2\))4888 1340 w
8 R f
(disable, expire, status,/)2 726 1 720 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 1501 1430 t
8 R f
( renameuser, removeuser, enable,)3 1062( printnetkey,)1 454(adduser, changeuser,)1 664 3 1856 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 1430 t
7 R f
(auth\(8\))4946 1430 w
8 R f
(proc)2592 1520 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2753 1520 w
8 R f
(running processes)1 572 1 2825 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 1520 t
7 R f
(proc\(3\))4943 1520 w
8 R f
(booting)1746 1610 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2010 1610 w
8 R f
(bootstrapping procedures)1 858 1 2082 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 1610 t
7 R f
(booting\(8\))4852 1610 w
8 R f
(runq)2302 1700 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1700 w
8 R f
(process all requests in a queue)5 964 1 2592 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 1700 t
7 R f
(runq\(8\))4939 1700 w
8 R f
(cputime, times)1 468 1 1467 1790 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1955 1790 w
8 R f
( and children)2 415( process)1 310(cpu time in this)3 493 3 2027 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 1790 t
7 R f
(cputime\(2\))4840 1790 w
8 R f
(exits, atexit, atexitdont)2 724 1 1127 1880 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1871 1880 w
8 R f
( cleanup)1 267( process)1 310(terminate process,)1 577 3 1943 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 1880 t
7 R f
(exits\(2\))4934 1880 w
8 R f
(getflags, usage)1 472 1 1976 1970 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1970 w
8 R f
(process flag arguments in argv)4 975 1 2592 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 1970 t
7 R f
(getflags\(9.2\))4792 1970 w
8 R f
(postnote)1319 2060 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1609 2060 w
8 R f
( group)1 206( process)1 310(send a note to a process or)6 839 3 1681 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 2060 t
7 R f
(postnote\(2\))4829 2060 w
8 R f
(lights,/)720 2150 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 982 2150 t
8 R f
(cons)1496 2150 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1662 2150 w
8 R f
( group ids, user, null, klog, stats,)6 1038( process)1 310(console, clocks, process/)2 786 3 1734 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2150 t
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 2150 w
8 R f
(getpid, getppid)1 478 1 1853 2240 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2351 2240 w
8 R f
( ids)1 113(get process)1 407 2 2423 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 2240 t
7 R f
(getpid\(2\))4891 2240 w
8 R f
(notify, noted, atnotify)2 694 1 1064 2330 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1778 2330 w
8 R f
( notification)1 386( process)1 310(handle asynchronous)1 670 3 1850 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 2330 t
7 R f
(notify\(2\))4899 2330 w
8 R f
(ARG)2286 2420 w
8 S f
(-)2476 2420 w
8 R f
(process option letters from argv)4 1010 1 2592 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 2420 t
7 R f
(arg\(2\))4978 2420 w
8 R f
(postnote)1663 2510 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1953 2510 w
8 R f
( or process group)3 550( process)1 310(send a note to a)4 495 3 2025 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 2510 t
7 R f
(postnote\(2\))4829 2510 w
8 R f
(exits, atexit, atexitdont)2 724 1 1405 2600 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2149 2600 w
8 R f
( process cleanup)2 525(terminate process,)1 629 2 2221 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 2600 t
7 R f
(exits\(2\))4934 2600 w
8 R f
(fork, rfork)1 330 1 1745 2690 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2095 2690 w
8 R f
( resources)1 319(manipulate process)1 663 2 2167 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 2690 t
7 R f
(fork\(2\))4951 2690 w
8 R f
(ps, psu)1 222 1 2226 2780 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2780 w
8 R f
(process status)1 439 1 2592 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 2780 t
7 R f
(ps\(1\))5005 2780 w
8 R f
(rendezvous)1760 2870 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2142 2870 w
8 R f
( synchronization)1 528( process)1 310(user level)1 306 3 2214 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 2870 t
7 R f
(rendezvous\(2\))4749 2870 w
8 R f
(wait)1987 2960 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2144 2960 w
8 R f
( to exit)2 221( process)1 310(wait for a)2 304 3 2216 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 2960 t
7 R f
(wait\(2\))4946 2960 w
8 R f
(kill, broke)1 327 1 1378 3050 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1725 3050 w
8 R f
( processes)1 376(print commands to kill)3 723 2 1797 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 3050 t
7 R f
(kill\(1\))4972 3050 w
8 R f
(proc)2039 3140 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2200 3140 w
8 R f
(running processes)1 624 1 2272 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 3140 t
7 R f
(proc\(3\))4943 3140 w
8 R f
(stop, start)1 309 1 1078 3230 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1407 3230 w
8 R f
( processes)1 376(print commands to stop and start)5 1041 2 1479 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 3230 t
7 R f
(stop\(1\))4950 3230 w
8 R f
(awk)1356 3320 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1509 3320 w
8 R f
( language)1 307( processing)1 412(pattern\255directed scanning and)2 939 3 1581 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 3320 t
7 R f
(awk\(1\))4951 3320 w
8 R f
(stats, lights, noise,/)2 608 1 720 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 1368 3410 t
8 R f
(cons)1776 3410 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1942 3410 w
8 R f
( group ids, user, null, klog,)5 857( process/process)1 570(console, clocks,)1 506 3 2014 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3410 t
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 3410 w
8 R f
(prof, kprof)1 344 1 2592 3500 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2956 3500 w
8 R f
(display profiling data)2 680 1 3028 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 3500 t
7 R f
(prof\(1\))4951 3500 w
8 R f
(kprof)2058 3590 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2250 3590 w
8 R f
(kernel profiling)1 548 1 2322 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 3590 t
7 R f
(kprof\(3\))4916 3590 w
8 R f
(units)1924 3680 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2099 3680 w
8 R f
(conversion program)1 690 1 2171 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 3680 t
7 R f
(units\(1\))4930 3680 w
8 R f
(lex)1439 3770 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1556 3770 w
8 R f
( programs)1 372(generator of lexical analysis)3 892 2 1628 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 3770 t
7 R f
(lex\(1\))4981 3770 w
8 R f
(map, mapdemo)1 491 1 1236 3860 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1747 3860 w
8 R f
( projections)1 425(draw maps on various)3 701 2 1819 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 3860 t
7 R f
(map\(7\))4946 3860 w
8 R f
(proof)2592 3950 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2784 3950 w
8 R f
(troff output interpreter)2 713 1 2856 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 3950 t
7 R f
(proof\(1\))4916 3950 w
8 R f
(arp)1434 4040 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1555 4040 w
8 R f
( Protocol)1 342(Internet Address Resolution)2 893 2 1627 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 4040 t
7 R f
(arp\(3\))4978 4040 w
8 R f
(btrace)1894 4130 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2107 4130 w
8 R f
( protocol)1 337(trace bitblt)1 341 2 2179 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 4130 t
7 R f
(btrace\(8\))4896 4130 w
8 R f
(dirmodeconv)1284 4220 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1724 4220 w
8 R f
( protocol)1 337(interface to Plan 9 File)4 724 2 1796 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 2909 4220 t
8 R f
(/convM2D, getS, fcallconv, dirconv,)3 1166 1 3370 4220 t
7 R f
(fcall\(2\))4942 4220 w
8 R f
(maskip, etherip, equivip)2 769 1 1413 4310 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2202 4310 w
8 R f
(Internet protocol)1 583 1 2274 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 2922 4310 t
8 R f
(/parseether, myipaddr, myetheraddr,)2 1153 1 3383 4310 t
7 R f
(ip\(2\))5012 4310 w
8 R f
(intro)1324 4400 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1494 4400 w
8 R f
( 9P)1 105( Protocol,)1 362(introduction to the Plan 9 File)5 954 3 1566 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 4400 t
7 R f
(intro\(5\))4934 4400 w
8 R f
(ftpfs, ftp)1 273 1 1789 4490 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2082 4490 w
8 R f
( \(FT\) file system)3 532( protocol)1 337(file transfer)1 366 3 2154 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 4490 t
7 R f
(ftpfs\(4\))4939 4490 w
8 R f
(ip)1621 4580 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1703 4580 w
8 R f
( over IP)2 252( protocols)1 368(TCP, UDP, IL network)3 745 3 1775 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 4580 t
7 R f
(ip\(3\))5012 4580 w
8 R f
(psi)2592 4670 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2705 4670 w
8 R f
(postscript interpreter)1 658 1 2777 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 4670 t
7 R f
(psi\(1\))4985 4670 w
8 R f
(ps, psu)1 274 1 2429 4760 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2723 4760 w
8 R f
(process status)1 439 1 2795 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 4760 t
7 R f
(ps\(1\))5005 4760 w
8 R f
( Rect, Rpt)2 322( Pt,)1 159(/rectinrect, rectXrect, rectclip, Dx, Dy,)4 1227 3 1293 4850 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3021 4850 w
8 R f
(arithmetic on points and/)3 793 1 3093 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4850 t
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 4850 w
8 R f
(Dy,/)720 4940 w
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 932 4940 t
8 R f
( rectinrect, rectXrect, rectclip, Dx,)4 1087( ptinrect,)1 334(/rdiv, rshift, inset, rcanon, eqpt, eqrect,)5 1233 3 1287 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 4940 t
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 4940 w
8 R f
(mk9660, pump)1 536 1 2238 5030 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2794 5030 w
8 R f
(create and write ISO\2559660 CD\255ROM images)5 1427 1 2866 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . .)3 179 1 4340 5030 t
7 R f
(mk9660\(8\))4837 5030 w
8 R f
(copy)720 5120 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 946 5120 t
8 R f
(push, pull, Rpush, Rpull)3 778 1 2592 5120 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3390 5120 w
8 R f
(Datakit remote file)2 599 1 3462 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 5120 t
7 R f
(push\(1\))4935 5120 w
8 R f
(dirfstat, dirwstat, dirfwstat)2 842 1 1354 5210 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2216 5210 w
8 R f
( file status)2 326( put)1 174(get and)1 232 3 2288 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3058 5210 t
8 R f
(/fstat, wstat, fwstat, dirstat,)3 858 1 3678 5210 t
7 R f
(stat\(2\))4969 5210 w
8 R f
(rl)2400 5300 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5300 w
8 R f
(put table of contents in libraries)5 1008 1 2592 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 5300 t
7 R f
(rl\(1\))5024 5300 w
8 R f
(fread,/)720 5390 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 1003 5390 t
8 R f
( ungetc, fgets, gets, fputs, puts,)5 986( putchar,)1 330(fgetc, getc, getchar, fputc, putc,)4 1003 3 1517 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5390 t
7 R f
(fgetc\(2\))4927 5390 w
8 R f
(getenv, putenv)1 521 1 2288 5480 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2829 5480 w
8 R f
(access environment variables)2 930 1 2901 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5480 t
7 R f
(getenv\(2\))4880 5480 w
8 R f
(pwd, pbd)1 298 1 2592 5570 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2910 5570 w
8 R f
(working directory)1 572 1 2982 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 5570 t
7 R f
(pwd\(1\))4947 5570 w
8 R f
(qer)2592 5660 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2713 5660 w
8 R f
(queue a request and associated data)5 1127 1 2785 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 5660 t
7 R f
(qer\(8\))4978 5660 w
8 R f
(qsort)2592 5750 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2771 5750 w
8 R f
(quicker sort)1 377 1 2843 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 5750 t
7 R f
(qsort\(2\))4927 5750 w
8 R f
( dither)1 205( quantize,)1 361(3to1, mcut, improve,)2 666 3 1854 5840 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3106 5840 w
8 R f
(picture color compression)2 825 1 3178 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 5840 t
7 R f
(quantize\(9.1\))4776 5840 w
8 S1 f
(\261)720 5930 w
8 R f
(network database)1 554 1 792 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 1423 5930 t
8 R f
(query, mkhash, mkdb, cs, csquery, dns, dnsquery)6 1567 1 2592 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 4234 5930 t
7 R f
(ndb\(8\))4962 5930 w
8 R f
(reports,/)720 6020 w
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 1052 6020 t
8 R f
( wextract, iupdate)2 567( query,)1 273(map, key, plot, photo, movie, report,)5 1166 3 1354 6020 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3380 6020 w
8 R f
(weather maps,)1 459 1 3452 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6020 t
7 R f
(weather\(7\))4846 6020 w
8 R f
(runq)1528 6110 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1694 6110 w
8 R f
( queue)1 262(process all requests in a)4 754 2 1766 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 6110 t
7 R f
(runq\(8\))4939 6110 w
8 R f
(qer)2347 6200 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6200 w
8 R f
(queue a request and associated data)5 1127 1 2592 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 6200 t
7 R f
(qer\(8\))4978 6200 w
8 R f
( smiley, life, fsim, clock, catclock,/)5 1116( quiz,)1 229(4s, 5s, ana, gnuchess, juggle, mandel, plumb,)6 1441 3 1079 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 6290 t
7 R f
(games\(1\))4888 6290 w
8 R f
(rcanon, eqpt, eqrect,/)2 668 1 720 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1467 6380 t
8 R f
( rsubp, rmul, rdiv, rshift, inset,)5 972( raddp,)1 273(add, sub, mul, div,)3 592 3 1928 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 6380 t
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 6380 w
8 R f
(rtc)1329 6470 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1432 6470 w
8 R f
( RAM)1 255(real\255time clock and non\255volatile)3 1016 2 1504 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 6470 t
7 R f
(rtc\(3\))4993 6470 w
8 R f
(ramfs)2592 6560 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2792 6560 w
8 R f
(memory file system)2 631 1 2864 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 6560 t
7 R f
(ramfs\(4\))4908 6560 w
8 R f
(card, ramp)1 391 1 2364 6650 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2775 6650 w
8 R f
(create simple color fields)3 799 1 2847 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 6650 t
7 R f
(card\(9.1\))4894 6650 w
8 R f
(random number generator)2 825 1 720 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 1582 6740 t
8 R f
(rand, lrand, frand, nrand, lnrand, srand)5 1227 1 2592 6740 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3839 6740 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6740 t
7 R f
(rand\(2\))4943 6740 w
8 R f
(xpand, picnegate)1 539 1 1405 6830 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1964 6830 w
8 R f
( range)1 248(adjust dynamic)1 484 2 2036 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 6830 t
7 R f
(xpand\(9.1\))4843 6830 w
8 R f
( tftpd)1 170(bootp, rarpd,)1 461 2 2318 6920 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2969 6920 w
8 R f
(Internet booting)1 510 1 3041 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 6920 t
7 R f
(bootp\(8\))4907 6920 w
8 R f
(picfile)2246 7010 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 7010 w
8 R f
(raster graphic image format)3 878 1 2592 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 7010 t
7 R f
(picfile\(9.6\))4834 7010 w
8 R f
(intro)1807 7100 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1977 7100 w
8 R f
( image software)2 507( raster)1 247(introduction to)1 471 3 2049 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 7100 t
7 R f
(intro\(9\))4934 7100 w
8 R f
(wait, whatis,)1 405 1 720 7190 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1145 7190 w
8 R f
(command language)1 621 1 1217 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 1900 7190 t
8 R f
(rc, cd, eval, exec, exit, flag, newpgrp, shift,)7 1375 1 2592 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 7190 t
7 R f
(rc\(1\))5013 7190 w
8 R f
( eqpt, eqrect, ptinrect, rectinrect,/)4 1052( rcanon,)1 308(/div, raddp, rsubp, rmul, rdiv, rshift, inset,)6 1337 3 1183 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 7280 t
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 7280 w
10 R f
(18 Manual)1 4680 1 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 18 20
%%Page: 19 21
/saveobj save def
mark
21 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 4765 430 t
8 R f
( Rconv)1 281(cursorset, rdfontfile, ffree, charwidth, Pconv,)4 1431 2 1089 710 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2821 710 w
8 R f
(graphics)2893 710 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 3243 710 t
8 R f
(/bexit, clipr, cursorswitch,)2 832 1 3704 710 t
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 710 w
8 R f
(freeing,/)720 800 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 1024 800 t
8 R f
( wrbitmapfile)1 430( rdbitmapfile,)1 484(balloc, bfree, rdbitmap, wrbitmap,)3 1088 3 1432 800 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3454 800 w
8 R f
(allocating,)3526 800 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 800 t
7 R f
(balloc\(2\))4895 800 w
8 R f
( wrcolmap)1 338( rdcolmap,)1 392(RGB, rgbpix,)1 434 3 2086 890 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3270 890 w
8 R f
(handle color screens)2 648 1 3342 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 890 t
7 R f
(rgbpix\(2\))4884 890 w
8 R f
( ffree, charwidth, Pconv, Rconv)4 1015( rdfontfile,)1 391(/bwrite, bexit, clipr, cursorswitch, cursorset,)4 1401 3 1119 980 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3946 980 w
8 R f
(/)3998 980 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 980 t
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 980 w
8 R f
( rshift, inset, rcanon, eqpt, eqrect,/)5 1085( rdiv,)1 220(add, sub, mul, div, raddp, rsubp, rmul,)6 1220 3 1300 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 1070 t
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 1070 w
8 R f
(/picopen)1255 1160 w
8 S f
(_)1529 1160 w
8 R f
( wrpicfile, picputprop, picgetprop,/)3 1113( rdpicfile,)1 360(w, picread, picwrite, picclose,)3 951 3 1569 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 1160 t
7 R f
(picopen\(9.2\))4792 1160 w
8 R f
(manipulation)720 1250 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 1184 1250 t
8 R f
( wrsubfontfile, mkfont)2 718( rdsubfontfile,)1 502(subfalloc, subffree,)1 610 3 1910 1250 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3760 1250 w
8 R f
(subfont)3832 1250 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 1250 t
7 R f
(subfalloc\(2\))4810 1250 w
8 R f
(cat, read)1 320 1 2408 1340 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2748 1340 w
8 R f
(catenate files)1 415 1 2820 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 1340 t
7 R f
(cat\(1\))4985 1340 w
8 R f
(getcmap)2179 1430 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1430 w
8 R f
(read a color map from a file)6 885 1 2592 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 1430 t
7 R f
(getcmap\(9.2\))4776 1430 w
8 R f
(dirread)2224 1520 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1520 w
8 R f
(read directory)1 442 1 2592 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 1520 t
7 R f
(dirread\(2\))4869 1520 w
8 R f
(read, write)1 339 1 2592 1610 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2951 1610 w
8 R f
(read or write file)3 530 1 3023 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 1610 t
7 R f
(read\(2\))4947 1610 w
8 R f
(read, write)1 339 1 2592 1700 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2951 1700 w
8 R f
(transfer data from and to a file)6 964 1 3023 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 1700 t
7 R f
(read\(5\))4947 1700 w
8 R f
( readar)1 269(/objsym, objbase, objreset, isar, nextar,)4 1243 2 1277 1790 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2809 1790 w
8 R f
(object file interpretation functions)3 1082 1 2881 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 1790 t
7 R f
(object\(2\))4895 1790 w
8 R f
(open, create, close)2 586 1 1395 1880 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2001 1880 w
8 R f
( or writing, create file)4 689( reading)1 310(open a file for)3 447 3 2073 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 1880 t
7 R f
(open\(2\))4931 1880 w
8 R f
(wrbitmapfile)1421 1970 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1851 1970 w
8 R f
( writing bitmaps)2 522( reading,)1 330(allocating, freeing,)1 597 3 1923 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3429 1970 t
8 R f
(/rdbitmapfile,)4102 1970 w
7 R f
(balloc\(2\))4895 1970 w
8 R f
(nextar, readar)1 435 1 720 2060 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1175 2060 w
8 R f
(object file/)1 341 1 1247 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 1641 2060 t
8 R f
( objsym, objbase, objreset, isar,)4 1003(objtype, readobj,)1 589 2 2261 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2060 t
7 R f
(object\(2\))4895 2060 w
8 R f
( calloc, mstats)2 452( realloc,)1 307(malloc, free,)1 398 3 2122 2150 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3299 2150 w
8 R f
(memory allocator)1 562 1 3371 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 2150 t
7 R f
(malloc\(2\))4875 2150 w
8 R f
(rtc)2365 2240 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2240 w
8 R f
(real\255time clock and non\255volatile RAM)4 1219 1 2592 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 2240 t
7 R f
(rtc\(3\))4993 2240 w
8 R f
(fcall)2308 2330 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2330 w
8 R f
(recreate packet delimiters)2 813 1 2592 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 2330 t
7 R f
(fcall\(3\))4942 2330 w
8 R f
(berror, bscreenrect, bneed, bflush,/)3 1104 1 720 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1870 2420 t
8 R f
( Bitmap, Cursor, binit, bclose,)4 961(Point, Rectangle,)1 599 2 2331 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 2420 t
7 R f
(graphics\(2\))4830 2420 w
8 R f
( Dx, Dy, Pt, Rect, Rpt)5 705( rectclip,)1 329(/eqpt, eqrect, ptinrect, rectinrect, rectXrect,)4 1366 3 1154 2510 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3574 2510 w
8 R f
(arithmetic/)3646 2510 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 2510 t
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 2510 w
8 R f
(rregexec, rregsub, regerror)2 844 1 720 2600 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1584 2600 w
8 R f
(/)1636 2600 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 1708 2600 t
8 R f
( regcompnl, regexec, regsub,)3 918(regcomp, regcomplit,)1 734 2 2222 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2600 t
7 R f
(regexp\(2\))4877 2600 w
8 R f
(regexp)2592 2690 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2828 2690 w
8 R f
(regular expression notation)2 865 1 2900 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 2690 t
7 R f
(regexp\(6\))4877 2690 w
8 R f
(srv)2138 2780 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2255 2780 w
8 R f
(server registry)1 507 1 2327 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 2780 t
7 R f
(srv\(3\))4982 2780 w
8 R f
(mux)2093 2870 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2255 2870 w
8 R f
( and service multiplexor)3 770(server registry)1 507 2 2327 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 2870 t
7 R f
(mux\(3\))4942 2870 w
8 R f
( rregexec, rregsub, regerror)3 864( regsub,)1 304(regcomp, regcomplit, regcompnl, regexec,)3 1348 3 1172 2960 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3708 2960 w
8 R f
(regular/)3780 2960 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 2960 t
7 R f
(regexp\(2\))4877 2960 w
8 R f
(regexp)2232 3050 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3050 w
8 R f
(regular expression notation)2 865 1 2592 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 3050 t
7 R f
(regexp\(6\))4877 3050 w
8 R f
(sam, B)1 222 1 1318 3140 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1560 3140 w
8 R f
( expressions)1 391( regular)1 296(screen editor with structural)3 888 3 1632 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 3140 t
7 R f
(sam\(1\))4954 3140 w
8 R f
(comm)1963 3230 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2182 3230 w
8 R f
( lines common to two sorted files)6 1061( reject)1 247(select or)1 266 3 2254 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 3230 t
7 R f
(comm\(1\))4891 3230 w
8 R f
( netmkaddr)1 360( reject,)1 267(dial, hangup, announce, listen, accept,)4 1213 3 1307 3320 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3167 3320 w
8 R f
(make and break network/)3 806 1 3239 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 3320 t
7 R f
(dial\(2\))4961 3320 w
8 R f
(fabs, fmod, floor, ceil)3 688 1 1263 3410 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1971 3410 w
8 R f
( floor, ceiling functions)3 746( remainder,)1 413(absolute value,)1 477 3 2043 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 3410 t
7 R f
(floor\(2\))4931 3410 w
8 R f
(cmap, remap)1 462 1 2328 3500 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2810 3500 w
8 R f
(map colors)1 351 1 2882 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 3500 t
7 R f
(remap\(9.1\))4839 3500 w
8 R f
(Digital Pathways SecureNet Key)3 1051 1 1397 3590 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3590 w
8 R f
(remote authentication box)2 830 1 2592 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 3590 t
7 R f
(securenet\(8\))4803 3590 w
8 R f
(push, pull, Rpush, Rpull)3 778 1 1416 3680 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2214 3680 w
8 R f
( file copy)2 300(Datakit remote)1 526 2 2286 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 3680 t
7 R f
(push\(1\))4935 3680 w
8 R f
(con, telnet, hayes, cu, rx, xms, xmr)6 1114 1 1334 3770 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3770 w
8 R f
(remote login, execution, and XMODEM file/)5 1440 1 2592 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 3770 t
7 R f
(con\(1\))4966 3770 w
8 R f
(import)1332 3860 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1564 3860 w
8 R f
( system)1 241( remote)1 292(import a name space from a)5 884 3 1636 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 3860 t
7 R f
(import\(4\))4879 3860 w
8 R f
(remove)2592 3950 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2850 3950 w
8 R f
(remove a file)2 418 1 2922 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 3950 t
7 R f
(remove\(2\))4857 3950 w
8 R f
(remove)2592 4040 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2850 4040 w
8 R f
(remove a file from a server)5 860 1 2922 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 4040 t
7 R f
(remove\(5\))4857 4040 w
8 R f
(rm)2360 4130 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4130 w
8 R f
(remove files)1 394 1 2592 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 4130 t
7 R f
(rm\(1\))4989 4130 w
8 R f
(deroff, delatex)1 462 1 1986 4220 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4220 w
8 R f
(remove formatting requests)2 873 1 2592 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 4220 t
7 R f
(deroff\(1\))4897 4220 w
8 R f
(hed, nohed)1 350 1 1873 4310 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2243 4310 w
8 R f
( picture file header)3 596( remove)1 310(edit or)1 205 3 2315 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 4310 t
7 R f
(hed\(9.1\))4913 4310 w
8 R f
(strip)2307 4400 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4400 w
8 R f
(remove symbols from binary files)4 1077 1 2592 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 4400 t
7 R f
(strip\(1\))4942 4400 w
8 R f
( rename)1 305(cp, mv,)1 237 2 2283 4490 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2845 4490 w
8 R f
(copy, move files)2 528 1 2917 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 4490 t
7 R f
(cp\(1\))5001 4490 w
8 R f
(expire,/)720 4580 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 1046 4580 t
8 R f
( removeuser, enable, disable,)3 922( renameuser,)1 457(adduser, changeuser, printnetkey,)2 1066 3 1454 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4580 t
7 R f
(auth\(8\))4946 4580 w
8 R f
(synchronization)720 4670 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 1264 4670 t
8 R f
(rendezvous)2592 4670 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2974 4670 w
8 R f
(user level process)2 564 1 3046 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 4670 t
7 R f
(rendezvous\(2\))4749 4670 w
8 R f
(rotate, transpose)1 520 1 1928 4760 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4760 w
8 R f
(re\255orient an image)2 581 1 2592 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 4760 t
7 R f
(transpose\(9.1\))4750 4760 w
8 R f
(uniq)2306 4850 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4850 w
8 R f
(report repeated lines in a file)5 909 1 2592 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 4850 t
7 R f
(uniq\(1\))4942 4850 w
8 R f
(query, wextract, iupdate)2 768 1 1201 4940 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1989 4940 w
8 R f
( photos, and utilities)3 646( reports,)1 312(weather maps,)1 459 3 2061 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 3552 4940 t
8 R f
(/movie, report,)1 470 1 4066 4940 t
7 R f
(weather\(7\))4846 4940 w
8 R f
(qer)2082 5030 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2203 5030 w
8 R f
( and associated data)3 633( request)1 301(queue a)1 245 3 2275 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 5030 t
7 R f
(qer\(8\))4978 5030 w
8 R f
(deroff, delatex)1 462 1 1373 5120 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1855 5120 w
8 R f
( requests)1 332(remove formatting)1 593 2 1927 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 5120 t
7 R f
(deroff\(1\))4897 5120 w
8 R f
(runq)1945 5210 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2111 5210 w
8 R f
( in a queue)3 347( requests)1 332(process all)1 337 3 2183 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 5210 t
7 R f
(runq\(8\))4939 5210 w
8 R f
(resample)2592 5300 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2898 5300 w
8 R f
(resample a picture horizontally)3 985 1 2970 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 5300 t
7 R f
(resample\(9.1\))4761 5300 w
8 R f
(arp)1800 5390 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1921 5390 w
8 R f
( Protocol)1 290( Resolution)1 418(Internet Address)1 527 3 1993 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 5390 t
7 R f
(arp\(3\))4978 5390 w
8 R f
(fork, rfork)1 330 1 1487 5480 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1837 5480 w
8 R f
( resources)1 371(manipulate process)1 611 2 1909 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 5480 t
7 R f
(fork\(2\))4951 5480 w
8 R f
(error)2295 5570 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5570 w
8 R f
(return an error)2 457 1 2592 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 5570 t
7 R f
(error\(5\))4932 5570 w
8 R f
( feof, ferror, clearerr)3 646( rewind,)1 313(/setbuf, fgetpos, ftell, fsetpos, fseek,)4 1149 3 1371 5660 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3499 5660 w
8 R f
(standard/)3571 5660 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5660 t
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 5660 w
8 R f
(services)720 5750 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 1050 5750 t
8 R f
( chal, changekey)2 532(fsauth, rexauth,)1 544 2 2306 5750 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3402 5750 w
8 R f
(authentication)3474 5750 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 5750 t
7 R f
(auth\(6\))4946 5750 w
8 R f
(fork, rfork)1 382 1 2368 5840 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2770 5840 w
8 R f
(manipulate process resources)2 930 1 2842 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 5840 t
7 R f
(fork\(2\))4951 5840 w
8 R f
(screens)720 5930 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 1025 5930 t
8 R f
( rdcolmap, wrcolmap)2 678(RGB, rgbpix,)1 486 2 2334 5930 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3518 5930 w
8 R f
(handle color)1 395 1 3590 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 5930 t
7 R f
(rgbpix\(2\))4884 5930 w
8 R f
(rl)2592 6020 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2660 6020 w
8 R f
(put table of contents in libraries)5 1008 1 2732 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 6020 t
7 R f
(rl\(1\))5024 6020 w
8 R f
(rm)2592 6110 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2700 6110 w
8 R f
(remove files)1 394 1 2772 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 6110 t
7 R f
(rm\(1\))4989 6110 w
8 R f
(eqrect,/)720 6200 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1029 6200 t
8 R f
( rdiv, rshift, inset, rcanon, eqpt,)5 998( rmul,)1 242(add, sub, mul, div, raddp, rsubp,)5 1030 3 1490 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 6200 t
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 6200 w
8 R f
(mk9660, pump)1 484 1 945 6290 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1449 6290 w
8 R f
( images)1 245( ROM)1 255(create and write ISO\2559660 CD\255)4 999 3 1521 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 6290 t
7 R f
(mk9660\(8\))4837 6290 w
8 R f
(sqrt)1103 6380 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1242 6380 w
8 R f
( root)1 200(exponential, logarithm, power, square)3 1206 2 1314 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 2769 6380 t
8 R f
(exp, log, log10, pow, pow10,)4 935 1 3601 6380 t
7 R f
(exp\(2\))4966 6380 w
8 R f
(root)2592 6470 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2740 6470 w
8 R f
(the root file system)3 611 1 2812 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 6470 t
7 R f
(root\(3\))4954 6470 w
8 R f
(boot)1840 6560 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2002 6560 w
8 R f
( file server)2 338( root)1 200(connect to the)2 446 3 2074 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 6560 t
7 R f
(boot\(8\))4942 6560 w
8 R f
(rotate, transpose)1 520 1 2592 6650 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3132 6650 w
8 R f
(re\255orient an image)2 581 1 3204 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 6650 t
7 R f
(transpose\(9.1\))4750 6650 w
8 R f
(iproute)1957 6740 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2202 6740 w
8 R f
( table manager)2 467(Internet route)1 481 2 2274 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 6740 t
7 R f
(iproute\(3\))4868 6740 w
8 R f
( Rpt)1 188(/rectXrect, rectclip, Dx, Dy, Pt, Rect,)5 1182 2 1338 6830 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2728 6830 w
8 R f
(arithmetic on points and rectangles)4 1112 1 2800 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6830 t
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 6830 w
8 R f
( Rpull)1 198( Rpush,)1 297(push, pull,)1 335 3 2185 6920 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3035 6920 w
8 R f
(Datakit remote file copy)3 774 1 3107 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6920 t
7 R f
(push\(1\))4935 6920 w
8 R f
( regerror)1 274( rregsub,)1 330(/regcompnl, regexec, regsub, rregexec,)3 1232 3 1288 7010 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3144 7010 w
8 R f
(regular expression)1 584 1 3216 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 7010 t
7 R f
(regexp\(2\))4877 7010 w
8 R f
(eqrect, ptinrect,/)1 517 1 720 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 1299 7100 t
8 R f
( rmul, rdiv, rshift, inset, rcanon, eqpt,)6 1188( rsubp,)1 269(add, sub, mul, div, raddp,)4 813 3 1707 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 7100 t
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 7100 w
8 R f
(rtc)2592 7190 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2695 7190 w
8 R f
(real\255time clock and non\255volatile RAM)4 1219 1 2767 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 7190 t
7 R f
(rtc\(3\))4993 7190 w
8 R f
( rune)1 213(UTF, Unicode, ASCII,)2 731 2 1789 7280 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2753 7280 w
8 R f
(character set and format)3 763 1 2825 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 7280 t
7 R f
(utf\(6\))4989 7280 w
10 R f
( 19)1 4427(Plan 9)1 253 2 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 19 21
%%Page: 20 22
/saveobj save def
mark
22 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 720 430 t
8 R f
(utflen, utfrune, utfrrune, utfutf)3 965 1 720 710 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1705 710 w
8 R f
(rune/UTF/)1777 710 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 2165 710 t
8 R f
(runetochar, chartorune, runelen, fullrune,)3 1307 1 2592 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 710 t
7 R f
(rune\(2\))4943 710 w
8 R f
(runq)2592 800 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2758 800 w
8 R f
(process all requests in a queue)5 964 1 2830 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 800 t
7 R f
(runq\(8\))4939 800 w
8 R f
(XMODEM file transfer)2 751 1 720 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 1531 890 t
8 R f
( xms, xmr)2 321( rx,)1 158(con, telnet, hayes, cu,)3 687 3 1833 890 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3019 890 w
8 R f
(remote login, execution, and)3 908 1 3091 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 890 t
7 R f
(con\(1\))4966 890 w
8 R f
(expressions)720 980 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 1158 980 t
8 R f
(sam, B)1 222 1 2592 980 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2834 980 w
8 R f
(screen editor with structural regular)4 1132 1 2906 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 980 t
7 R f
(sam\(1\))4954 980 w
8 R f
(fortune)2219 1070 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1070 w
8 R f
(sample lines from a file)4 749 1 2592 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 1070 t
7 R f
(fortune\(1\))4865 1070 w
8 R f
(screen)720 1160 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 992 1160 t
8 R f
( flip)1 130(drop, save,)1 399 2 2354 1160 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2903 1160 w
8 R f
(copy picture files to and from)5 942 1 2975 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 1160 t
7 R f
(drop\(9.1\))4886 1160 w
8 R f
(brk, sbrk)1 335 1 2394 1250 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2749 1250 w
8 R f
(change memory allocation)2 843 1 2821 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 1250 t
7 R f
(brk\(2\))4974 1250 w
8 R f
( sscanf, vfscanf)2 491(fscanf, scanf,)1 472 2 2307 1340 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3290 1340 w
8 R f
(scan formatted input)2 653 1 3362 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 1340 t
7 R f
(fscanf\(2\))4897 1340 w
8 R f
(awk)1794 1430 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1947 1430 w
8 R f
( and processing language)3 802(pattern\255directed scanning)1 856 2 2019 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 1430 t
7 R f
(awk\(1\))4951 1430 w
8 R f
(scat)2592 1520 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2735 1520 w
8 R f
(sky catalogue)1 435 1 2807 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 1520 t
7 R f
(scat\(7\))4958 1520 w
8 R f
(control)720 1610 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 999 1610 t
8 R f
(scc, duart, uart)2 467 1 2592 1610 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3079 1610 w
8 R f
(serial communication)1 686 1 3151 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 1610 t
7 R f
(scc\(3\))4978 1610 w
8 R f
(ftell,/)720 1700 w
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 965 1700 t
8 R f
( fflush, setvbuf, setbuf, fgetpos,)4 1007( sclose,)1 286(/fdopen, fileno, fclose, sopenr, sopenw,)4 1253 3 1267 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 1700 t
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 1700 w
8 R f
(save, flip)1 291 1 1195 1790 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1506 1790 w
8 R f
( screen)1 274(copy picture files to and from)5 942 2 1578 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 2849 1790 t
8 R f
(drop,)4370 1790 w
7 R f
(drop\(9.1\))4886 1790 w
8 R f
(expressions)720 1880 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 1129 1880 t
8 R f
(sam, B)1 222 1 2226 1880 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1880 w
8 R f
(screen editor with structural regular)4 1132 1 2592 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 1880 t
7 R f
(sam\(1\))4954 1880 w
8 R f
(bit)2364 1970 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1970 w
8 R f
(screen graphics, mouse)2 739 1 2592 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 1970 t
7 R f
(bit\(3\))4992 1970 w
8 R f
(RGB, rgbpix, rdcolmap, wrcolmap)3 1112 1 921 2060 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2053 2060 w
8 R f
( screens)1 305(handle color)1 395 2 2125 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 2060 t
7 R f
(rgbpix\(2\))4884 2060 w
8 R f
(cpurc, termrc)1 422 1 1864 2150 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2306 2150 w
8 R f
(boot script)1 390 1 2378 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 2150 t
7 R f
(cpurc\(8\))4912 2150 w
8 R f
(moto)1746 2240 w
8 S f
(-)1930 2240 w
8 R f
( scripts)1 279(create animation)1 526 2 1994 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 2240 t
7 R f
(moto\(9.1\))4869 2240 w
8 R f
(scsi)2592 2330 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2731 2330 w
8 R f
(SCSI command interface)2 800 1 2803 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 2330 t
7 R f
(scsi\(3\))4962 2330 w
8 R f
(scuzz)2592 2420 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2788 2420 w
8 R f
(SCSI target control)2 615 1 2860 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 2420 t
7 R f
(scuzz\(8\))4912 2420 w
8 R f
(it)720 2510 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 823 2510 t
8 R f
(clwalk)1867 2510 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2099 2510 w
8 R f
( a directory, and change to a file within)8 1247( search)1 274(clone, then)1 349 3 2171 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 2510 t
7 R f
(clwalk\(5\))4880 2510 w
8 R f
(grep)2307 2600 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2600 w
8 R f
(search a file for a pattern)5 789 1 2592 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 2600 t
7 R f
(grep\(1\))4943 2600 w
8 R f
(time)2064 2690 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2225 2690 w
8 R f
( since epoch)2 393( seconds)1 324(time in)1 223 3 2297 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 2690 t
7 R f
(time\(2\))4941 2690 w
8 R f
( Key)1 153( SecureNet)1 403(Digital Pathways)1 547 3 1973 2780 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3096 2780 w
8 R f
(remote authentication box)2 830 1 3168 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 2780 t
7 R f
(securenet\(8\))4803 2780 w
8 R f
(sed)2592 2870 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2718 2870 w
8 R f
(stream editor)1 416 1 2790 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 2870 t
7 R f
(sed\(1\))4974 2870 w
8 R f
(seek)2592 2960 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2753 2960 w
8 R f
(change file offset)2 550 1 2825 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 2960 t
7 R f
(seek\(2\))4943 2960 w
8 R f
(vismon)720 3050 w
8 S1 f
(\261)975 3050 w
8 R f
(mail/)1047 3050 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 1262 3050 t
8 R f
( aliasmail, smtp, smtpd, uk2uk, vwhois,)5 1267( seemail,)1 334(mail, edmail, sendmail,)2 744 3 1776 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 3050 t
7 R f
(mail\(1\))4941 3050 w
8 R f
(segbrk)2592 3140 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2824 3140 w
8 R f
(change memory allocation)2 843 1 2896 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 3140 t
7 R f
(segbrk\(2\))4881 3140 w
8 R f
(segflush \255 flush segment memory cache)5 1260 1 2592 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 3230 t
7 R f
(segflush\(2\))4834 3230 w
8 R f
(memory)720 3320 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 1073 3320 t
8 R f
( segfree)1 300(segattach, segdetach,)1 668 2 1852 3320 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2840 3320 w
8 R f
(map/unmap a segment in virtual)4 1025 1 2912 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3320 t
7 R f
(segattach\(2\))4806 3320 w
8 R f
(ellipse,/)720 3410 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 1009 3410 t
8 R f
( polysegment, arc, circle, disc,)4 966( segment,)1 357(bitblt, bitbltclip, clipline, point,)3 997 3 1523 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 3410 t
7 R f
(bitblt\(2\))4917 3410 w
8 R f
(files)720 3500 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 940 3500 t
8 R f
(comm)2249 3500 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3500 w
8 R f
(select or reject lines common to two sorted)7 1366 1 2592 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3500 t
7 R f
(comm\(1\))4891 3500 w
8 R f
(postnote)2178 3590 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3590 w
8 R f
(send a note to a process or process group)8 1303 1 2592 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 3590 t
7 R f
(postnote\(2\))4829 3590 w
8 R f
(uk2uk, vwhois, vismon)2 746 1 720 3680 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1486 3680 w
8 R f
(mail/)1558 3680 w
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 1801 3680 t
8 R f
( seemail, aliasmail, smtp, smtpd,)4 1038( sendmail,)1 379(mail, edmail,)1 417 3 2103 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3680 t
7 R f
(mail\(1\))4941 3680 w
8 R f
(seq)2592 3770 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2718 3770 w
8 R f
(print sequences of numbers)3 872 1 2790 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 3770 t
7 R f
(seq\(1\))4974 3770 w
8 R f
(scc, duart, uart)2 467 1 1981 3860 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3860 w
8 R f
(serial communication control)2 931 1 2592 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 3860 t
7 R f
(scc\(3\))4978 3860 w
8 R f
(async)1829 3950 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2030 3950 w
8 R f
( line to Datakit)3 475( serial)1 243(framing for a)2 418 3 2102 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 3950 t
7 R f
(async\(3\))4908 3950 w
8 R f
(u9fs)2311 4040 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4040 w
8 R f
(serve 9P from Unix)3 626 1 2592 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 4040 t
7 R f
(u9fs\(4\))4947 4040 w
8 R f
(boot)1567 4130 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1729 4130 w
8 R f
( server)1 265(connect to the root file)4 719 2 1801 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 4130 t
7 R f
(boot\(8\))4942 4130 w
8 R f
(cpu)1747 4220 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1882 4220 w
8 R f
( server)1 265(connection to cpu)2 566 2 1954 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 4220 t
7 R f
(cpu\(1\))4966 4220 w
8 R f
(fsconfig)1617 4310 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1897 4310 w
8 R f
( server)1 265(configuring a file)2 551 2 1969 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 4310 t
7 R f
(fsconfig\(8\))4838 4310 w
8 R f
(remove)1543 4400 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1801 4400 w
8 R f
( server)1 265(remove a file from a)4 647 2 1873 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 4400 t
7 R f
(remove\(5\))4857 4400 w
8 R f
(fs)2266 4490 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2343 4490 w
8 R f
( bootes)1 228(file server,)1 390 2 2415 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 4490 t
7 R f
(fs\(4\))5017 4490 w
8 R f
(fs, exsort)1 291 1 2032 4580 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2343 4580 w
8 R f
( maintenance)1 421(file server)1 370 2 2415 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 4580 t
7 R f
(fs\(8\))5017 4580 w
8 R f
(exportfs)1782 4670 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2062 4670 w
8 R f
( plumbing)1 326( server)1 265(network file)1 386 3 2134 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 4670 t
7 R f
(exportfs\(4\))4838 4670 w
8 R f
(srv)2351 4760 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4760 w
8 R f
(server registry)1 455 1 2592 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 4760 t
7 R f
(srv\(3\))4982 4760 w
8 R f
(mux)2306 4850 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4850 w
8 R f
(server registry and service multiplexor)4 1225 1 2592 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 4850 t
7 R f
(mux\(3\))4942 4850 w
8 R f
(users)2160 4940 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2343 4940 w
8 R f
( user list format)3 500(file server)1 370 2 2415 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 4940 t
7 R f
(users\(6\))4924 4940 w
8 R f
(intro)1682 5030 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1852 5030 w
8 R f
( servers)1 296(introduction to file)2 596 2 1924 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 5030 t
7 R f
(intro\(4\))4934 5030 w
8 R f
(mnt)1928 5120 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2072 5120 w
8 R f
( servers)1 296(attach to 9P)2 376 2 2144 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 5120 t
7 R f
(mnt\(3\))4957 5120 w
8 R f
(srv, 9fs, dk232, dkmodem)3 833 1 1053 5210 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1906 5210 w
8 R f
( service)1 296(start network file)2 542 2 1978 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 5210 t
7 R f
(srv\(4\))4982 5210 w
8 R f
(mux)1696 5300 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1858 5300 w
8 R f
( multiplexor)1 391( service)1 296(server registry and)2 590 3 1930 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 5300 t
7 R f
(mux\(3\))4942 5300 w
8 R f
(rexauth, chal, changekey)2 790 1 1188 5390 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1998 5390 w
8 R f
(authentication services)1 777 1 2070 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 2907 5390 t
8 R f
(fsauth,)4322 5390 w
7 R f
(auth\(6\))4946 5390 w
8 R f
( nop)1 140(attach, session,)1 531 2 2311 5480 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3002 5480 w
8 R f
(messages to initiate activity)3 880 1 3074 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 5480 t
7 R f
(attach\(5\))4899 5480 w
8 R f
(feof,/)720 5570 w
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 947 5570 t
8 R f
( fgetpos, ftell, fsetpos, fseek, rewind,)5 1174( setbuf,)1 286(/sopenr, sopenw, sclose, fflush, setvbuf,)4 1271 3 1249 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 5570 t
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 5570 w
8 R f
( setfields)1 336(getfields, getmfields,)1 668 2 1852 5660 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2876 5660 w
8 R f
(break a string into fields)4 772 1 2948 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 5660 t
7 R f
(getfields\(2\))4825 5660 w
8 R f
( setfsr)1 243(getfcr, setfcr, getfsr,)2 639 2 1881 5750 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2783 5750 w
8 R f
(control floating point)2 676 1 2855 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 5750 t
7 R f
(getfcr\(2\))4904 5750 w
8 R f
(setjmp, longjmp, notejmp)2 819 1 2592 5840 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3431 5840 w
8 R f
(non\255local goto)1 462 1 3503 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 5840 t
7 R f
(setjmp\(2\))4879 5840 w
8 R f
( unusemap,)1 363( setmap,)1 317(file interpretation\) crackhdr, newmap,)3 1205 3 1315 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 3264 5930 t
8 R f
(/leswab, leswal)1 486 1 3619 5930 t
8 S1 f
(\261)4125 5930 w
8 R f
(executable)4197 5930 w
7 R f
(mach\(freemap,)4726 5930 w
8 R f
(tcs)1763 6020 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1871 6020 w
8 R f
( sets)1 191(translate character)1 577 2 1943 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 6020 t
7 R f
(tcs\(1\))4989 6020 w
8 R f
(aux/vga)2196 6110 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6110 w
8 R f
(setup VGA card)2 518 1 2592 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 6110 t
7 R f
(vga\(8\))4966 6110 w
8 R f
( setbuf, fgetpos, ftell, fsetpos,/)4 962( setvbuf,)1 326(/fileno, fclose, sopenr, sopenw, sclose, fflush,)5 1451 3 1069 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 6200 t
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 6200 w
8 R f
(lam, posit, piccat, picjoin)3 804 1 1350 6290 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2174 6290 w
8 R f
( images)1 245(combine several)1 570 2 2246 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 6290 t
7 R f
(lam\(9.1\))4908 6290 w
8 R f
( shadepic)1 350(/edge3, extremum, median, nonoise, smooth,)4 1431 2 1089 6380 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2890 6380 w
8 R f
(image neighborhood operators)2 972 1 2962 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 6380 t
7 R f
(filters\(9.1\))4850 6380 w
8 R f
( wait, whatis,)2 425( shift,)1 233(rc, cd, eval, exec, exit, flag, newpgrp,)6 1194 3 1326 6470 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3198 6470 w
8 R f
(command language)1 621 1 3270 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6470 t
7 R f
(rc\(1\))5013 6470 w
8 R f
(showimage)2592 6560 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2975 6560 w
8 R f
(bitmap displayer, colormap changer)3 1143 1 3047 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 4234 6560 t
7 R f
(showimage\(7\))4748 6560 w
8 R f
(vi, ki)1 164 1 1924 6650 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2108 6650 w
8 R f
(instruction simulators)1 743 1 2180 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 6650 t
7 R f
(vi\(1\))5012 6650 w
8 R f
(trigonometric functions)1 748 1 720 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 1529 6740 t
8 R f
(sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2)6 1109 1 2592 6740 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3721 6740 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 6740 t
7 R f
(sin\(2\))4985 6740 w
8 R f
(time)1792 6830 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1953 6830 w
8 R f
( epoch)1 210( since)1 235(time in seconds)2 495 3 2025 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 6830 t
7 R f
(time\(2\))4941 6830 w
8 R f
(sinh, cosh, tanh)2 496 1 2592 6920 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3108 6920 w
8 R f
(hyperbolic functions)1 656 1 3180 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 6920 t
7 R f
(sinh\(2\))4950 6920 w
8 R f
(size)2592 7010 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2735 7010 w
8 R f
(print size of executable files)4 894 1 2807 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 7010 t
7 R f
(size\(1\))4958 7010 w
8 R f
(scat)2325 7100 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 7100 w
8 R f
(sky catalogue)1 435 1 2592 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 7100 t
7 R f
(scat\(7\))4958 7100 w
8 R f
(sleep)2592 7190 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2775 7190 w
8 R f
(suspend execution for an interval)4 1055 1 2847 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 7190 t
7 R f
(sleep\(1\))4923 7190 w
8 R f
(sleep, alarm)1 383 1 2592 7280 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2995 7280 w
8 R f
(delay, ask for delayed note)4 854 1 3067 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 7280 t
7 R f
(sleep\(2\))4923 7280 w
10 R f
(20 Manual)1 4680 1 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 20 22
%%Page: 21 23
/saveobj save def
mark
23 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 4765 430 t
8 R f
(formatting and typesetting)2 839 1 720 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 1642 710 t
8 R f
( bibtex, dvips, dviselect, mf)4 882( slitex,)1 264(tex, latex,)1 311 3 2209 710 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3686 710 w
8 R f
(text)3758 710 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 710 t
7 R f
(tex\(1\))4981 710 w
8 R f
( life, fsim, clock, catclock, fireworks,/)5 1208( smiley,)1 304(/5s, ana, gnuchess, juggle, mandel, plumb, quiz,)6 1529 3 991 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 800 t
7 R f
(games\(1\))4888 800 w
8 R f
( shadepic)1 298( smooth,)1 327(/edge, edge2, edge3, extremum, median, nonoise,)5 1576 3 944 890 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3165 890 w
8 R f
(image neighborhood/)1 679 1 3237 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 890 t
7 R f
(filters\(9.1\))4850 890 w
8 R f
( uk2uk, vwhois, vismon)3 766( smtpd,)1 287(/edmail, sendmail, seemail, aliasmail, smtp,)4 1388 3 1132 980 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3593 980 w
8 R f
(mail commands)1 506 1 3665 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 4234 980 t
7 R f
(mail\(1\))4941 980 w
8 R f
(snoopy)2592 1070 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2843 1070 w
8 R f
(spy on Ethernet packets)3 758 1 2915 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 1070 t
7 R f
(snoopy\(8\))4865 1070 w
8 R f
(numbconv, fltconv,/)1 644 1 720 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1452 1160 t
8 R f
( fmtinstall, strconv, Strconv,)3 906( snprint,)1 313(print, fprint, sprint,)2 607 3 1913 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 1160 t
7 R f
(print\(2\))4934 1160 w
8 R f
(intro)1398 1250 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1568 1250 w
8 R f
( software)1 345(introduction to raster image)3 880 2 1640 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 1250 t
7 R f
(intro\(9\))4934 1250 w
8 R f
( sclose, fflush, setvbuf, setbuf,/)4 989( sopenw,)1 336(fopen, freopen, fdopen, fileno, fclose, sopenr,)5 1450 3 1070 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 1340 t
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 1340 w
8 R f
(qsort)2031 1430 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2210 1430 w
8 R f
(quicker sort)1 429 1 2282 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)33 1769 1 2750 1430 t
7 R f
(qsort\(2\))4927 1430 w
8 R f
(sort)2592 1520 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2731 1520 w
8 R f
(sort and/or merge files)3 716 1 2803 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 1520 t
7 R f
(sort\(1\))4962 1520 w
8 R f
(comm)1077 1610 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1296 1610 w
8 R f
( files)1 156( sorted)1 266(select or reject lines common to two)6 1152 3 1368 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 1610 t
7 R f
(comm\(1\))4891 1610 w
8 R f
(look)1851 1700 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2013 1700 w
8 R f
( list)1 117( sorted)1 266(find lines in a)3 435 3 2085 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 1700 t
7 R f
(look\(1\))4942 1700 w
8 R f
(bind, mount, unmount)2 710 1 1301 1790 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2031 1790 w
8 R f
( space)1 248(change name)1 417 2 2103 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 1790 t
7 R f
(bind\(1\))4942 1790 w
8 R f
(bind, mount, unmount)2 710 1 1301 1880 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2031 1880 w
8 R f
( space)1 248(change name)1 417 2 2103 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 1880 t
7 R f
(bind\(2\))4942 1880 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1337 1970 w
8 R f
( space)1 248(structure of conventional file name)4 1111 2 1409 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 2826 1970 t
8 R f
(namespace)4188 1970 w
7 R f
(namespace\(4\))4760 1970 w
8 R f
(namespace)1908 2060 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2276 2060 w
8 R f
( description file)2 498(name space)1 420 2 2348 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 2060 t
7 R f
(namespace\(6\))4760 2060 w
8 R f
(import)1757 2150 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1989 2150 w
8 R f
( from a remote system)4 710( space)1 248(import a name)2 459 3 2061 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 2150 t
7 R f
(import\(4\))4879 2150 w
8 R f
(spell)2592 2240 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2762 2240 w
8 R f
(find spelling errors)2 604 1 2834 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 2240 t
7 R f
(spell\(1\))4934 2240 w
8 R f
(split)2592 2330 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2749 2330 w
8 R f
(split a file into pieces)4 679 1 2821 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 2330 t
7 R f
(split\(1\))4945 2330 w
8 R f
(frexp, ldexp, modf)2 592 1 1856 2420 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2420 w
8 R f
(split into mantissa and exponent)4 1026 1 2592 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 2420 t
7 R f
(frexp\(2\))4920 2420 w
8 R f
(numbconv, fltconv, doprint,/)2 914 1 720 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1673 2510 t
8 R f
( snprint, fmtinstall, strconv, Strconv,)4 1167( sprint,)1 273(print, fprint,)1 386 3 2134 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 2510 t
7 R f
(print\(2\))4934 2510 w
8 R f
(formatted output)1 532 1 720 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 1303 2600 t
8 R f
( vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf)3 805( sprintf,)1 299(fprintf, printf,)1 438 3 2082 2600 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3644 2600 w
8 R f
(print)3716 2600 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2600 t
7 R f
(fprintf\(2\))4888 2600 w
8 R f
(snoopy)2217 2690 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2690 w
8 R f
(spy on Ethernet packets)3 758 1 2592 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 2690 t
7 R f
(snoopy\(8\))4865 2690 w
8 R f
(root)720 2780 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 912 2780 t
8 R f
( sqrt)1 191(exp, log, log10, pow, pow10,)4 935 2 1585 2780 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2731 2780 w
8 R f
(exponential, logarithm, power, square)3 1206 1 2803 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 2780 t
7 R f
(exp\(2\))4966 2780 w
8 R f
( srand)1 244(rand, lrand, frand, nrand, lnrand,)4 1035 2 1485 2870 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2784 2870 w
8 R f
(random number generator)2 825 1 2856 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 2870 t
7 R f
(rand\(2\))4943 2870 w
8 R f
(srv)2592 2960 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2709 2960 w
8 R f
(server registry)1 455 1 2781 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 2960 t
7 R f
(srv\(3\))4982 2960 w
8 R f
(service)720 3050 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 999 3050 t
8 R f
(srv, 9fs, dk232, dkmodem)3 833 1 2592 3050 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3445 3050 w
8 R f
(start network file)2 542 1 3517 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 3050 t
7 R f
(srv\(4\))4982 3050 w
8 R f
(passtokey, nvcsum)1 602 1 720 3140 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1342 3140 w
8 R f
(network/)1414 3140 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 1743 3140 t
8 R f
( getchall, challreply, newns, authdial,)4 1188(auth, srvauth,)1 483 2 2363 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 3140 t
7 R f
(auth\(2\))4946 3140 w
8 R f
( vfscanf)1 253( sscanf,)1 290(fscanf, scanf,)1 420 3 2100 3230 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3083 3230 w
8 R f
(scan formatted input)2 653 1 3155 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 3230 t
7 R f
(fscanf\(2\))4897 3230 w
8 R f
(fseek, rewind, feof, ferror, clearerr)4 1094 1 1354 3320 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3320 w
8 R f
(standard buffered input/output packa)3 1172 1 2592 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 3808 3320 t
8 R f
(/fsetpos,)4269 3320 w
7 R f
(fopen\(2\))4908 3320 w
8 R f
(processes)720 3410 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 1111 3410 t
8 R f
(stop, start)1 361 1 2367 3410 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2748 3410 w
8 R f
(print commands to stop and start)5 1041 1 2820 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 3410 t
7 R f
(stop\(1\))4950 3410 w
8 R f
(srv, 9fs, dk232, dkmodem)3 833 1 1615 3500 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3500 w
8 R f
(start network file service)3 786 1 2592 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 3500 t
7 R f
(srv\(4\))4982 3500 w
8 R f
(dirwstat, dirfwstat)1 578 1 720 3590 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1318 3590 w
8 R f
(get and put file status)4 680 1 1390 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 2112 3590 t
8 R f
(stat, fstat, wstat, fwstat, dirstat, dirfstat,)5 1250 1 2592 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 3590 t
7 R f
(stat\(2\))4969 3590 w
8 R f
(attributes)720 3680 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 1052 3680 t
8 R f
(stat, wstat)1 318 1 2592 3680 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2930 3680 w
8 R f
(inquire or change file)3 681 1 3002 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 3680 t
7 R f
(stat\(5\))4969 3680 w
8 R f
(tiger)2066 3770 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2231 3770 w
8 R f
( street map database)3 641(United States)1 479 2 2303 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 3770 t
7 R f
(tiger\(7\))4938 3770 w
8 R f
(sysmon, stats)1 477 1 2256 3860 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2753 3860 w
8 R f
(display graphs of system activity)4 1047 1 2825 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 3860 t
7 R f
(sysmon\(8\))4853 3860 w
8 R f
( lights, noise, sysstat, hz, swap, crypt,/)6 1221( stats,)1 233(/process/process group ids, user, null, klog,)5 1377 3 1143 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 3950 t
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 3950 w
8 R f
(ps, psu)1 222 1 1968 4040 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2210 4040 w
8 R f
(process status)1 491 1 2282 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 4040 t
7 R f
(ps\(1\))5005 4040 w
8 R f
(dirwstat, dirfwstat)1 578 1 1371 4130 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1969 4130 w
8 R f
( status)1 253(get and put file)3 479 2 2041 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 2811 4130 t
8 R f
(/wstat, fwstat, dirstat, dirfstat,)3 946 1 3590 4130 t
7 R f
(stat\(2\))4969 4130 w
8 R f
(test)2230 4220 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2360 4220 w
8 R f
( according to condition)3 736(set status)1 341 2 2432 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 4220 t
7 R f
(test\(1\))4969 4220 w
8 R f
( convkeys, wrkey)2 560( status,)1 273(/removeuser, enable, disable, expire,)3 1162 3 1358 4310 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3373 4310 w
8 R f
(maintain/)3445 4310 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 4310 t
7 R f
(auth\(8\))4946 4310 w
8 R f
(fgets, gets, fputs, puts, fread, fwrite)5 1125 1 1323 4400 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4400 w
8 R f
(stdio input and output)3 698 1 2592 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 3366 4400 t
8 R f
(/putc, putchar, ungetc,)2 709 1 3827 4400 t
7 R f
(fgetc\(2\))4927 4400 w
8 R f
(tmpfile, tmpnam)1 530 1 1918 4490 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4490 w
8 R f
(stdio temporary files)2 657 1 2592 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 4490 t
7 R f
(tmpfile\(2\))4863 4490 w
8 R f
(processes)720 4580 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 1105 4580 t
8 R f
(stop, start)1 309 1 2592 4580 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2921 4580 w
8 R f
(print commands to stop and start)5 1041 1 2993 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 4580 t
7 R f
(stop\(1\))4950 4580 w
8 R f
( Strconv, numbconv, fltconv, doprint,/)4 1222( strconv,)1 326(print, fprint, sprint, snprint, fmtinstall,)4 1212 3 1308 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 4670 t
7 R f
(print\(2\))4934 4670 w
8 R f
(strpbrk,/)720 4760 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 1065 4760 t
8 R f
( strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr,)4 956( strcpy,)1 286(strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp,)3 994 3 1526 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 4760 t
7 R f
(strcat\(2\))4915 4760 w
8 R f
( strtok, strdup, strstr)3 638( strcspn,)1 317(/strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn,)4 1179 3 1341 4850 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3495 4850 w
8 R f
(string/)3567 4850 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 4850 t
7 R f
(strcat\(2\))4915 4850 w
8 R f
(stream)2592 4940 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2823 4940 w
8 R f
(a structure for communications)3 990 1 2895 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4940 t
7 R f
(stream\(3\))4880 4940 w
8 R f
(sed)2342 5030 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5030 w
8 R f
(stream editor)1 416 1 2592 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 5030 t
7 R f
(sed\(1\))4974 5030 w
8 R f
(tiger)1856 5120 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2021 5120 w
8 R f
( map database)2 450( street)1 243(United States)1 427 3 2093 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 5120 t
7 R f
(tiger\(7\))4938 5120 w
8 R f
(getfields, getmfields, setfields)2 952 1 1245 5210 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2217 5210 w
8 R f
( into fields)2 340( string)1 253(break a)1 231 3 2289 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 5210 t
7 R f
(getfields\(2\))4825 5210 w
8 R f
(strspn, strcspn, strtok, strdup, strstr)4 1113 1 1335 5300 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5300 w
8 R f
(string operations)1 532 1 2592 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3183 5300 t
8 R f
(/strchr, strrchr, strpbrk,)2 733 1 3803 5300 t
7 R f
(strcat\(2\))4915 5300 w
8 R f
( strsize, strwidth, Fcode)3 758( string,)1 273(/arc, circle, disc, ellipse, texture, border,)5 1275 3 1245 5390 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3571 5390 w
8 R f
(graphics/)3643 5390 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 5390 t
7 R f
(bitblt\(2\))4917 5390 w
8 R f
(strings)2592 5480 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2824 5480 w
8 R f
(extract printable strings)2 749 1 2896 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 5480 t
7 R f
(strings\(1\))4880 5480 w
8 R f
(strip)2592 5570 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2753 5570 w
8 R f
(remove symbols from binary files)4 1077 1 2825 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 5570 t
7 R f
(strip\(1\))4942 5570 w
8 R f
(basename)2135 5660 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5660 w
8 R f
(strip file name affixes)3 693 1 2592 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 5660 t
7 R f
(basename\(1\))4791 5660 w
8 R f
(strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk,/)3 949 1 720 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 1709 5750 t
8 R f
( strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy,)4 1060(strcat, strncat,)1 494 2 2329 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 5750 t
7 R f
(strcat\(2\))4915 5750 w
8 R f
( strwidth, Fcode)2 516( strsize,)1 294(/circle, disc, ellipse, texture, border, string,)5 1360 3 1160 5840 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3350 5840 w
8 R f
(graphics functions)1 585 1 3422 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 5840 t
7 R f
(bitblt\(2\))4917 5840 w
8 R f
( strcspn, strtok, strdup, strstr)4 903( strspn,)1 282(/strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk,)4 1223 3 1297 5930 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3725 5930 w
8 R f
(/)3777 5930 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 5930 t
7 R f
(strcat\(2\))4915 5930 w
8 R f
( strtoul)1 223( strtol,)1 255(atof, atoi, atol, charstod, strtod,)4 991 3 1529 6020 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3018 6020 w
8 R f
(convert text to numbers)3 753 1 3090 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 6020 t
7 R f
(atof\(2\))4958 6020 w
8 R f
(sam, B)1 222 1 1637 6110 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1879 6110 w
8 R f
( regular expressions)2 635( structural)1 371(screen editor with)2 569 3 1951 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 6110 t
7 R f
(sam\(1\))4954 6110 w
8 R f
(stream)2182 6200 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2413 6200 w
8 R f
( for communications)2 658(a structure)1 384 2 2485 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 6200 t
7 R f
(stream\(3\))4880 6200 w
8 R f
(namespace)2100 6290 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6290 w
8 R f
(structure of conventional file name space)5 1307 1 2592 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 6290 t
7 R f
(namespace\(4\))4760 6290 w
8 R f
( Fcode)1 215( strwidth,)1 353(ellipse, texture, border, string, strsize,)4 1197 3 1323 6380 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3108 6380 w
8 R f
(graphics functions)1 585 1 3180 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 3852 6380 t
8 R f
(/disc,)4366 6380 w
7 R f
(bitblt\(2\))4917 6380 w
8 R f
(rshift, inset, rcanon, eqpt, eqrect,/)4 1065 1 720 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 1871 6470 t
8 R f
( mul, div, raddp, rsubp, rmul, rdiv,)6 1102(add, sub,)1 338 2 2385 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 6470 t
7 R f
(add\(2\))4966 6470 w
8 S1 f
(\261)720 6560 w
8 R f
(subfont manipulation)1 679 1 792 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 1536 6560 t
8 R f
( rdsubfontfile, wrsubfontfile, mkfont)3 1168(subfalloc, subffree,)1 662 2 2209 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 6560 t
7 R f
(subfalloc\(2\))4810 6560 w
8 R f
(subfonts)720 6650 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 1063 6650 t
8 R f
(font, subfont)1 459 1 2372 6650 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2851 6650 w
8 R f
(external format for fonts and)4 912 1 2923 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 6650 t
7 R f
(font\(6\))4954 6650 w
8 R f
(tweak)1702 6740 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1912 6740 w
8 R f
( files, face files, etc.)4 635( subfont)1 311(edit bitmap files,)2 536 3 1984 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 6740 t
7 R f
(tweak\(1\))4900 6740 w
8 R f
( Fontchar, Font)2 490( Subfont,)1 345(cachechars, agefont, loadchar,)2 958 3 1562 6830 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3375 6830 w
8 R f
(font utilities)1 386 1 3447 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 6830 t
7 R f
(cachechars\(2\))4761 6830 w
8 R f
(rdsubfontfile, wrsubfontfile, mkfont)2 1148 1 1300 6920 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6920 w
8 R f
(subfont manipulation)1 679 1 2592 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3359 6920 t
8 R f
(subfalloc, subffree,)1 610 1 3926 6920 t
7 R f
(subfalloc\(2\))4810 6920 w
8 R f
(font, subfont)1 407 1 1109 7010 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1536 7010 w
8 R f
( subfonts)1 342(external format for fonts and)4 912 2 1608 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 7010 t
7 R f
(font\(6\))4954 7010 w
8 R f
(sum)2592 7100 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2745 7100 w
8 R f
(sum and count blocks in a file)6 955 1 2817 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 7100 t
7 R f
(sum\(1\))4950 7100 w
8 R f
(sleep)2285 7190 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 7190 w
8 R f
(suspend execution for an interval)4 1055 1 2592 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 7190 t
7 R f
(sleep\(1\))4923 7190 w
8 R f
(swap)2592 7280 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2776 7280 w
8 R f
(establish a swap file)3 642 1 2848 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 7280 t
7 R f
(swap\(8\))4924 7280 w
10 R f
( 21)1 4427(Plan 9)1 253 2 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 21 23
%%Page: 22 24
/saveobj save def
mark
24 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 720 430 t
8 R f
( crypt, chal, key)3 510( swap,)1 256(null, klog, stats, lights, noise, sysstat, hz,)6 1299 3 1221 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3350 710 t
8 R f
(/group ids, user,)2 513 1 4023 710 t
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 710 w
8 R f
( zork)1 161( swar,)1 242(smiley, life, fsim, clock, catclock, fireworks,)5 1418 3 1102 800 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2943 800 w
8 R f
(time wasters)1 399 1 3015 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3493 800 t
8 R f
(/plumb, quiz,)1 423 1 4113 800 t
7 R f
(games\(1\))4888 800 w
8 R f
( pc2sp, pc2line, line2addr, lookup,/)4 1124( symbase,)1 366(symbol table access functions\) syminit, getsym,)5 1522 3 998 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4054 890 t
8 R f
(/)4462 890 w
8 S1 f
(\261)4484 890 w
7 R f
(symbol\(findsym,)4670 890 w
8 R f
(nm)1991 980 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2113 980 w
8 R f
( table\))1 200( symbol)1 307(name list \()2 335 3 2185 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 980 t
7 R f
(nm\(1\))4977 980 w
8 R f
(/fileelem, filesym, fileline, symerror)3 1149 1 1299 1070 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1070 w
8 R f
(symbol table access functions\) syminit, getsym,/)5 1544 1 2592 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 1070 t
7 R f
(symbol\(findsym,)4670 1070 w
8 R f
(strip)2049 1160 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2210 1160 w
8 R f
( from binary files)3 553(remove symbols)1 576 2 2282 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 1160 t
7 R f
(strip\(1\))4942 1160 w
8 R f
(/symerror)1147 1250 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1475 1250 w
8 R f
( getsym, symbase, pc2sp, pc2line,/)4 1106( syminit,)1 331(symbol table access functions\))3 973 3 1547 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 1250 t
7 R f
(symbol\(findsym,)4670 1250 w
8 R f
(rendezvous)1502 1340 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1884 1340 w
8 R f
( synchronization)1 580(user level process)2 564 2 1956 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 1340 t
7 R f
(rendezvous\(2\))4749 1340 w
8 R f
(syscall)2592 1430 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2828 1430 w
8 R f
(test a system call)3 540 1 2900 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 1430 t
7 R f
(syscall\(1\))4876 1430 w
8 R f
(perror, syslog)1 489 1 2307 1520 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2816 1520 w
8 R f
(system error messages)2 714 1 2888 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 1520 t
7 R f
(perror\(2\))4897 1520 w
8 R f
(activity)720 1610 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 999 1610 t
8 R f
(sysmon, stats)1 425 1 2592 1610 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3037 1610 w
8 R f
(display graphs of system)3 789 1 3109 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 1610 t
7 R f
(sysmon\(8\))4853 1610 w
8 R f
( hz, swap, crypt, chal, key)5 829( sysstat,)1 304(ids, user, null, klog, stats, lights, noise,)6 1237 3 1283 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3708 1700 t
8 R f
(/group)4328 1700 w
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 1700 w
8 R f
(8\275, label, window, wloc)3 787 1 1383 1790 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2190 1790 w
8 R f
(window system)1 551 1 2262 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 1790 t
7 R f
(8\275\(1\))4979 1790 w
8 R f
(cfs)2031 1880 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2143 1880 w
8 R f
( system)1 293(cache file)1 305 2 2215 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 1880 t
7 R f
(cfs\(4\))4986 1880 w
8 R f
(ftpfs, ftp)1 273 1 1213 1970 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1506 1970 w
8 R f
( system)1 293(file transfer protocol \(FT\) file)4 942 2 1578 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 1970 t
7 R f
(ftpfs\(4\))4939 1970 w
8 R f
(help)1599 2060 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1756 2060 w
8 R f
( system)1 293(experimental window)1 692 2 1828 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 2060 t
7 R f
(help\(1\))4946 2060 w
8 R f
(import)1092 2150 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1324 2150 w
8 R f
( system)1 293(import a name space from a remote)6 1124 2 1396 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 2150 t
7 R f
(import\(4\))4879 2150 w
8 R f
(kfs)2073 2240 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2190 2240 w
8 R f
( system)1 293(disk file)1 258 2 2262 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 2240 t
7 R f
(kfs\(4\))4982 2240 w
8 R f
(mkfs, mkext, flio)2 548 1 1149 2330 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1717 2330 w
8 R f
( system)1 293(archive or update a file)4 731 2 1789 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 2330 t
7 R f
(mkfs\(8\))4927 2330 w
8 R f
(ramfs)1858 2420 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2058 2420 w
8 R f
( system)1 293(memory file)1 390 2 2130 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 2420 t
7 R f
(ramfs\(4\))4908 2420 w
8 R f
(root)1930 2510 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2078 2510 w
8 R f
( system)1 293(the root file)2 370 2 2150 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 2510 t
7 R f
(root\(3\))4954 2510 w
8 R f
(sysmon, stats)1 425 1 1455 2600 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1900 2600 w
8 R f
( activity)1 258( system)1 293(display graphs of)2 548 3 1972 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 2600 t
7 R f
(sysmon\(8\))4853 2600 w
8 R f
(intro)1807 2690 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1977 2690 w
8 R f
( administration)1 479( system)1 293(introduction to)1 471 3 2049 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 2690 t
7 R f
(intro\(8\))4934 2690 w
8 R f
(auth)2186 2780 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2343 2780 w
8 R f
( authentication)1 470(file system)1 398 2 2415 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 2780 t
7 R f
(auth\(5\))4946 2780 w
8 R f
(syscall)2047 2870 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2283 2870 w
8 R f
( call)1 134( system)1 293(test a)1 165 3 2355 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 2870 t
7 R f
(syscall\(1\))4876 2870 w
8 R f
(errstr)1693 2960 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1879 2960 w
8 R f
( call error)2 307( system)1 293(description of last)2 569 3 1951 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 2960 t
7 R f
(errstr\(2\))4920 2960 w
8 R f
(perror, syslog)1 437 1 2011 3050 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3050 w
8 R f
(system error messages)2 714 1 2592 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 3050 t
7 R f
(perror\(2\))4897 3050 w
8 R f
(8\275)2070 3140 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2190 3140 w
8 R f
( files)1 156(window system)1 551 2 2262 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 3140 t
7 R f
(8\275\(4\))4979 3140 w
8 R f
(iostats)2120 3230 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2343 3230 w
8 R f
( to measure I/O)3 492(file system)1 398 2 2415 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 3230 t
7 R f
(iostats\(4\))4887 3230 w
8 R f
(dossrv, 9660srv, eject)2 694 1 1004 3320 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1718 3320 w
8 R f
( systems)1 324(DOS and ISO9660 file)3 730 2 1790 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 3320 t
7 R f
(dossrv\(4\))4885 3320 w
8 R f
(Disclabel)1258 3410 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1578 3410 w
8 R f
( systems)1 324(administration for local file)3 870 2 1650 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 2890 3410 t
8 R f
(/newkernel, personalize, update,)2 1026 1 3510 3410 t
7 R f
(home\(8\))4911 3410 w
8 R f
(tapefs)1643 3500 w
8 S f
(-)1852 3500 w
8 R f
( systems)1 324(mount archival file)2 604 2 1916 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 3500 t
7 R f
(tapefs\(1\))4900 3500 w
8 R f
(nm)1756 3590 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1878 3590 w
8 R f
( table\))1 252(name list \(symbol)2 570 2 1950 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 3590 t
7 R f
(nm\(1\))4977 3590 w
8 R f
(disk/prep)1518 3680 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1834 3680 w
8 R f
( table)1 226(make disk partition)2 614 2 1906 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 3680 t
7 R f
(prep\(8\))4943 3680 w
8 R f
(/fileelem, filesym, fileline, symerror)3 1149 1 1044 3770 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2213 3770 w
8 R f
( access functions\) syminit, getsym,/)4 1135(symbol table)1 461 2 2285 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 3770 t
7 R f
(symbol\(findsym,)4670 3770 w
8 R f
(iproute)1774 3860 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2019 3860 w
8 R f
( manager)1 293( table)1 226(Internet route)1 429 3 2091 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 3860 t
7 R f
(iproute\(3\))4868 3860 w
8 R f
(rl)2278 3950 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2346 3950 w
8 R f
( of contents in libraries)4 732(put table)1 328 2 2418 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 3950 t
7 R f
(rl\(1\))5024 3950 w
8 R f
(tbl)2133 4040 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2237 4040 w
8 R f
( for nroff or troff)4 536(format tables)1 468 2 2309 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 4040 t
7 R f
(tbl\(1\))4992 4040 w
8 R f
(tail)2592 4130 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2713 4130 w
8 R f
(deliver the last part of a file)6 876 1 2785 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 4130 t
7 R f
(tail\(1\))4976 4130 w
8 R f
(functions)720 4220 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 1058 4220 t
8 R f
( asin, acos, atan, atan2)4 713( tan,)1 189(sin, cos,)1 259 3 2261 4220 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3442 4220 w
8 R f
(trigonometric)3514 4220 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 4220 t
7 R f
(sin\(2\))4985 4220 w
8 R f
( tanh)1 209(sinh, cosh,)1 339 2 2181 4310 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2749 4310 w
8 R f
(hyperbolic functions)1 656 1 2821 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 4310 t
7 R f
(sinh\(2\))4950 4310 w
8 R f
(tapefs)2592 4400 w
8 S f
(-)2801 4400 w
8 R f
(mount archival file systems)3 876 1 2865 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 4400 t
7 R f
(tapefs\(1\))4900 4400 w
8 R f
(tar)2592 4490 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2695 4490 w
8 R f
(archiver)2767 4490 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 4490 t
7 R f
(tar\(1\))4993 4490 w
8 R f
(scuzz)2082 4580 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2278 4580 w
8 R f
( control)1 245(SCSI target)1 422 2 2350 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 4580 t
7 R f
(scuzz\(8\))4912 4580 w
8 R f
(tbl)2592 4670 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2696 4670 w
8 R f
(format tables for nroff or troff)5 952 1 2768 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 4670 t
7 R f
(tbl\(1\))4992 4670 w
8 R f
(ip)2386 4760 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4760 w
8 R f
(TCP, UDP, IL network protocols over IP)6 1313 1 2592 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4760 t
7 R f
(ip\(3\))5012 4760 w
8 R f
(tcs)2592 4850 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2700 4850 w
8 R f
(translate character sets)2 716 1 2772 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 4850 t
7 R f
(tcs\(1\))4989 4850 w
8 R f
(tee)2592 4940 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2704 4940 w
8 R f
(pipe fitting)1 351 1 2776 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 4940 t
7 R f
(tee\(1\))4985 4940 w
8 R f
(tel, pq)1 199 1 2592 5030 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2811 5030 w
8 R f
(look in phone book)3 619 1 2883 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 5030 t
7 R f
(tel\(1\))4996 5030 w
8 R f
(fone)1855 5120 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2016 5120 w
8 R f
( telephone)1 381(control ISDN)1 432 2 2088 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 5120 t
7 R f
(fone\(1\))4943 5120 w
8 R f
(login, execution, and XMODEM file/)4 1200 1 720 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 1977 5210 t
8 R f
( hayes, cu, rx, xms, xmr)5 763(con, telnet,)1 403 2 2385 5210 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3571 5210 w
8 R f
(remote)3643 5210 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5210 t
7 R f
(con\(1\))4966 5210 w
8 R f
(tmpfile, tmpnam)1 530 1 1743 5300 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2293 5300 w
8 R f
( files)1 156(stdio temporary)1 553 2 2365 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 5300 t
7 R f
(tmpfile\(2\))4863 5300 w
8 R f
(hp)1699 5390 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1799 5390 w
8 R f
( terminal)1 336(emulate an HP 2621)3 649 2 1871 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)30 1610 1 2909 5390 t
7 R f
(hp\(1\))4997 5390 w
8 R f
(exits, atexit, atexitdont)2 724 1 1724 5480 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5480 w
8 R f
(terminate process, process cleanup)3 1102 1 2592 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 5480 t
7 R f
(exits\(2\))4934 5480 w
8 R f
(cpurc, termrc)1 474 1 2324 5570 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2818 5570 w
8 R f
(boot script)1 338 1 2890 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 5570 t
7 R f
(cpurc\(8\))4912 5570 w
8 R f
(test)2592 5660 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2722 5660 w
8 R f
(set status according to condition)4 1025 1 2794 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 5660 t
7 R f
(test\(1\))4969 5660 w
8 R f
(syscall)2232 5750 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5750 w
8 R f
(test a system call)3 540 1 2592 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 5750 t
7 R f
(syscall\(1\))4876 5750 w
8 R f
(mf)720 5840 w
8 S1 f
(\261)828 5840 w
8 R f
(text formatting and typesetting)3 978 1 900 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 1953 5840 t
8 R f
(tex, latex, slitex, bibtex, dvips, dviselect,)5 1297 1 2592 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 5840 t
7 R f
(tex\(1\))4981 5840 w
8 R f
(pic, tpic)1 256 1 1897 5930 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2173 5930 w
8 R f
( preprocessors for drawing pictures)4 1120( tex)1 169(troff and)1 275 3 2245 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 5930 t
7 R f
(pic\(1\))4981 5930 w
8 R f
(frselectp, frselectf, frgetmouse)2 967 1 1160 6020 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2147 6020 w
8 R f
( text)1 191(frames of)1 301 2 2219 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 2790 6020 t
8 R f
(/frptofchar, frinsert, frdelete, frselect,)3 1179 1 3357 6020 t
7 R f
(frame\(2\))4904 6020 w
8 R f
(ed)2373 6110 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6110 w
8 R f
(text editor)1 324 1 2592 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 6110 t
7 R f
(ed\(1\))5001 6110 w
8 R f
(fmt)1943 6200 w
8 S f
(-)2073 6200 w
8 R f
( formatter)1 314(ultra\255simple text)1 574 2 2137 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 6200 t
7 R f
(fmt\(1\))4969 6200 w
8 R f
(latex, slitex, bibtex, dvips, dviselect, mf)5 1268 1 1180 6290 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6290 w
8 R f
(text formatting and typesetting)3 978 1 2592 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3640 6290 t
8 R f
(tex,)4419 6290 w
7 R f
(tex\(1\))4981 6290 w
8 R f
(troff, nroff)1 338 1 2110 6380 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 6380 w
8 R f
(text formatting and typesetting)3 978 1 2592 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 6380 t
7 R f
(troff\(1\))4943 6380 w
8 R f
(charstod, strtod, strtol, strtoul)3 936 1 1254 6470 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2210 6470 w
8 R f
( to numbers)2 376(convert text)1 429 2 2282 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3137 6470 t
8 R f
(atof, atoi, atol,)2 461 1 4075 6470 t
7 R f
(atof\(2\))4958 6470 w
8 R f
(symerror)720 6560 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1026 6560 w
8 R f
(symbol table/)1 431 1 1098 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . .)3 179 1 1592 6560 t
8 R f
( file2pc, fileelem, filesym, fileline,)4 1101( textsym,)1 344(localsym, globalsym,)1 679 3 1841 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 6560 t
7 R f
(symbol\(findsym,)4670 6560 w
8 R f
(Fcode/)720 6650 w
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 1003 6650 t
8 R f
( border, string, strsize, strwidth,)4 1011( texture,)1 312(/polysegment, arc, circle, disc, ellipse,)4 1215 3 1305 6650 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 6650 t
7 R f
(bitblt\(2\))4917 6650 w
8 R f
( tftpd)1 222(bootp, rarpd,)1 409 2 2111 6740 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2762 6740 w
8 R f
(Internet booting)1 510 1 2834 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 6740 t
7 R f
(bootp\(8\))4907 6740 w
8 R f
(within it)1 268 1 720 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 1033 6830 t
8 R f
(clwalk)2024 6830 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2256 6830 w
8 R f
( search a directory, and change to a file)8 1245(clone, then)1 401 2 2328 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 6830 t
7 R f
(clwalk\(5\))4880 6830 w
8 R f
(think)2592 6920 w
8 S f
(-)2776 6920 w
8 R f
(HP ThinkJet filter)2 575 1 2840 6920 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 6920 t
7 R f
(think\(1\))4922 6920 w
8 R f
(tiger)2592 7010 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2757 7010 w
8 R f
(United States street map database)4 1068 1 2829 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 7010 t
7 R f
(tiger\(7\))4938 7010 w
8 R f
(time)2592 7100 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2753 7100 w
8 R f
(time a command)2 530 1 2825 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 7100 t
7 R f
(time\(1\))4941 7100 w
8 R f
(time)2592 7190 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2753 7190 w
8 R f
(time in seconds since epoch)4 888 1 2825 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 7190 t
7 R f
(time\(2\))4941 7190 w
8 R f
(rtc)2201 7280 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2304 7280 w
8 R f
( clock and non\255volatile RAM)4 934(real\255 time)1 357 2 2376 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 7280 t
7 R f
(rtc\(3\))4993 7280 w
10 R f
(22 Manual)1 4680 1 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 22 24
%%Page: 23 25
/saveobj save def
mark
25 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 4765 430 t
8 R f
(cputime, times)1 468 1 1845 710 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2333 710 w
8 R f
( in this process and children)5 890(cpu time)1 328 2 2405 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 710 t
7 R f
(cputime\(2\))4840 710 w
8 R f
(gmtime, asctime, timezone)2 856 1 1047 800 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1923 800 w
8 R f
( to)1 82( time)1 213(convert date and)2 525 3 1995 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 2855 800 t
8 R f
(ctime, localtime,)1 531 1 4005 800 t
7 R f
(ctime\(2\))4910 800 w
8 R f
(fsim, clock, catclock, fireworks, swar, zork)5 1372 1 1076 890 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 890 w
8 R f
(time wasters)1 399 1 2592 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3043 890 t
8 R f
(/plumb, quiz, smiley, life,)3 820 1 3716 890 t
7 R f
(games\(1\))4888 890 w
8 R f
(cputime, times)1 520 1 2244 980 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2784 980 w
8 R f
(cpu time in this process and children)6 1166 1 2856 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 980 t
7 R f
(cputime\(2\))4840 980 w
8 R f
( timezone)1 363(ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime,)3 1096 2 1424 1070 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2903 1070 w
8 R f
(convert date and time to)4 768 1 2975 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 1070 t
7 R f
(ctime\(2\))4910 1070 w
8 R f
(tmpfile, tmpnam)1 582 1 2271 1160 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2873 1160 w
8 R f
(stdio temporary files)2 657 1 2945 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 1160 t
7 R f
(tmpfile\(2\))4863 1160 w
8 R f
(/isascii, toascii,)1 487 1 1104 1250 t
8 S f
(_)1611 1250 w
8 R f
(toupper,)1651 1250 w
8 S f
(_)1934 1250 w
8 R f
( tolower)1 315(tolower, toupper,)1 546 2 1974 1250 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2855 1250 w
8 R f
(ASCII character classification)2 956 1 2927 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 1250 t
7 R f
(ctype\(2\))4915 1250 w
8 R f
(touch)2592 1340 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2789 1340 w
8 R f
(set modification date of a file)5 932 1 2861 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 1340 t
7 R f
(touch\(1\))4911 1340 w
8 R f
(pictures)720 1430 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 1041 1430 t
8 R f
(pic, tpic)1 308 1 2403 1430 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2731 1430 w
8 R f
(troff and tex preprocessors for drawing)5 1241 1 2803 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 1430 t
7 R f
(pic\(1\))4981 1430 w
8 R f
(tr)2592 1520 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2660 1520 w
8 R f
(translate characters)1 608 1 2732 1520 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 1520 t
7 R f
(tr\(1\))5024 1520 w
8 R f
(btrace)2255 1610 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1610 w
8 R f
(trace bitblt protocol)2 626 1 2592 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 1610 t
7 R f
(btrace\(8\))4896 1610 w
8 R f
(xmr)882 1700 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1030 1700 w
8 R f
( transfer)1 313(remote login, execution, and XMODEM file)5 1418 2 1102 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 2897 1700 t
8 R f
(con, telnet, hayes, cu, rx, xms,)5 966 1 3570 1700 t
7 R f
(con\(1\))4966 1700 w
8 R f
(read, write)1 339 1 2109 1790 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1790 w
8 R f
(transfer data from and to a file)6 964 1 2592 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 1790 t
7 R f
(read\(5\))4947 1790 w
8 R f
(ftpfs, ftp)1 273 1 2050 1880 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2343 1880 w
8 R f
( protocol \(FT\) file system)4 817(file transfer)1 418 2 2415 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 1880 t
7 R f
(ftpfs\(4\))4939 1880 w
8 R f
(tcs)2360 1970 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1970 w
8 R f
(translate character sets)2 716 1 2592 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 1970 t
7 R f
(tcs\(1\))4989 1970 w
8 R f
(tr)2400 2060 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2060 w
8 R f
(translate characters)1 608 1 2592 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 2060 t
7 R f
(tr\(1\))5024 2060 w
8 R f
(kana8\275)1891 2150 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2161 2150 w
8 R f
(language transliterator)1 763 1 2233 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 3068 2150 t
7 R f
(kana8\275\(1\))4847 2150 w
8 R f
(rotate, transpose)1 572 1 2320 2240 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2912 2240 w
8 R f
(re\255orient an image)2 581 1 2984 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 2240 t
7 R f
(transpose\(9.1\))4750 2240 w
8 R f
(twig)2306 2330 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2330 w
8 R f
(tree\255manipulation language)1 871 1 2592 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 2330 t
7 R f
(twig\(1\))4942 2330 w
8 R f
(sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2)6 1109 1 1339 2420 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2420 w
8 R f
(trigonometric functions)1 748 1 2592 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 2420 t
7 R f
(sin\(2\))4985 2420 w
8 R f
(tbl)1552 2510 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1656 2510 w
8 R f
( troff)1 212(format tables for nroff or)4 792 2 1728 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 2510 t
7 R f
(tbl\(1\))4992 2510 w
8 R f
(pictures)720 2600 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 1042 2600 t
8 R f
(pic, tpic)1 256 1 2192 2600 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2600 w
8 R f
(troff and tex preprocessors for drawing)5 1241 1 2592 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2600 t
7 R f
(pic\(1\))4981 2600 w
8 R f
(troff, nroff)1 338 1 2592 2690 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2950 2690 w
8 R f
(text formatting and typesetting)3 978 1 3022 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 2690 t
7 R f
(troff\(1\))4943 2690 w
8 R f
(proof)2276 2780 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2780 w
8 R f
(troff output interpreter)2 713 1 2592 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 2780 t
7 R f
(proof\(1\))4916 2780 w
8 R f
(files)720 2870 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 895 2870 t
8 R f
(dpic, twb)1 349 1 2363 2870 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2732 2870 w
8 R f
(anti\255aliased troff output to picture)4 1071 1 2804 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2870 t
7 R f
(twb\(9.1\))4909 2870 w
8 R f
(files, etc.)1 288 1 720 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)27 1451 1 1052 2960 t
8 R f
(tweak)2592 2960 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2802 2960 w
8 R f
(edit bitmap files, subfont files, face)5 1122 1 2874 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 2960 t
7 R f
(tweak\(1\))4900 2960 w
8 R f
(twig)2592 3050 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2754 3050 w
8 R f
(tree\255manipulation language)1 871 1 2826 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 3050 t
7 R f
(twig\(1\))4942 3050 w
8 R f
(file)1881 3140 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2006 3140 w
8 R f
( type)1 209(determine file)1 442 2 2078 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 3140 t
7 R f
(file\(1\))4973 3140 w
8 R f
(keyboard)1912 3230 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2228 3230 w
8 R f
( characters)1 340( type)1 209(how to)1 220 3 2300 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 3230 t
7 R f
(keyboard\(6\))4807 3230 w
8 R f
( netkey)1 232(passwd, typepasswd,)1 719 2 2265 3320 t
8 S f
(-)3236 3320 w
8 R f
(change login password)2 730 1 3300 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 3320 t
7 R f
(passwd\(1\))4862 3320 w
8 R f
(man)1980 3410 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2137 3410 w
8 R f
( manual)1 254( typeset)1 297(macros to)1 311 3 2209 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 3410 t
7 R f
(man\(6\))4946 3410 w
8 R f
(eqn)2333 3500 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3500 w
8 R f
(typeset mathematics)1 646 1 2592 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 3500 t
7 R f
(eqn\(1\))4966 3500 w
8 R f
(dvips, dviselect, mf)2 623 1 1196 3590 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1839 3590 w
8 R f
( typesetting)1 421(text formatting and)2 609 2 1911 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 2995 3590 t
8 R f
(tex, latex, slitex, bibtex,)3 762 1 3774 3590 t
7 R f
(tex\(1\))4981 3590 w
8 R f
(troff, nroff)1 338 1 1481 3680 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1839 3680 w
8 R f
( typesetting)1 421(text formatting and)2 609 2 1911 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 3680 t
7 R f
(troff\(1\))4943 3680 w
8 R f
(u9fs)2592 3770 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2749 3770 w
8 R f
(serve 9P from Unix)3 626 1 2821 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 3770 t
7 R f
(u9fs\(4\))4947 3770 w
8 R f
( uart)1 195(scc, duart,)1 324 2 2196 3860 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2735 3860 w
8 R f
(serial communication control)2 931 1 2807 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 3860 t
7 R f
(scc\(3\))4978 3860 w
8 R f
(ip)2198 3950 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2280 3950 w
8 R f
( IL network protocols over IP)5 944(TCP, UDP,)1 421 2 2352 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 3950 t
7 R f
(ip\(3\))5012 3950 w
8 R f
( vwhois, vismon)2 526( uk2uk,)1 292(sendmail, seemail, aliasmail, smtp, smtpd,)4 1345 3 1175 4040 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3358 4040 w
8 R f
(mail commands)1 506 1 3430 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 3976 4040 t
8 R f
(/edmail,)4278 4040 w
7 R f
(mail\(1\))4941 4040 w
8 R f
(fmt)2346 4130 w
8 S f
(-)2476 4130 w
8 R f
(ultra\255simple text formatter)2 836 1 2592 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 4130 t
7 R f
(fmt\(1\))4969 4130 w
8 R f
(compress, uncompress)1 772 1 2200 4220 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2992 4220 w
8 R f
(compress and expand data)3 837 1 3064 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4220 t
7 R f
(compress\(1\))4803 4220 w
8 S1 f
(\261)720 4310 w
8 R f
(/)772 4310 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 831 4310 t
8 R f
( fgets, gets, fputs, puts, fread, fwrite)6 1145( ungetc,)1 304(fgetc, getc, getchar, fputc, putc, putchar,)5 1281 3 1239 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 4310 t
7 R f
(fgetc\(2\))4927 4310 w
8 R f
(ascii, unicode)1 489 1 2355 4400 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2864 4400 w
8 R f
(interpret ASCII, Unicode characters)3 1147 1 2936 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 4400 t
7 R f
(ascii\(1\))4938 4400 w
8 R f
(format)720 4490 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 986 4490 t
8 R f
( ASCII, rune)2 410(UTF, Unicode,)1 534 2 2348 4490 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3312 4490 w
8 R f
(character set and)2 532 1 3384 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4490 t
7 R f
(utf\(6\))4989 4490 w
8 R f
(uniq)2592 4580 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2754 4580 w
8 R f
(report repeated lines in a file)5 909 1 2826 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 4580 t
7 R f
(uniq\(1\))4942 4580 w
8 R f
(mktemp)1940 4670 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2221 4670 w
8 R f
( file name)2 317( unique)1 289(make a)1 227 3 2293 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 4670 t
7 R f
(mktemp\(2\))4836 4670 w
8 R f
(tiger)2303 4760 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 4760 w
8 R f
(United States street map database)4 1068 1 2592 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 4760 t
7 R f
(tiger\(7\))4938 4760 w
8 R f
(units)2592 4850 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2767 4850 w
8 R f
(conversion program)1 638 1 2839 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)18 974 1 3545 4850 t
7 R f
(units\(1\))4930 4850 w
8 R f
(u9fs)1845 4940 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2002 4940 w
8 R f
( Unix)1 232(serve 9P from)2 446 2 2074 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 4940 t
7 R f
(u9fs\(4\))4947 4940 w
8 R f
(segattach, segdetach, segfree)2 916 1 1353 5030 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2289 5030 w
8 R f
( a segment in virtual memory)5 934(map/ unmap)1 448 2 2361 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . .)13 709 1 3810 5030 t
7 R f
(segattach\(2\))4806 5030 w
8 R f
( unmount)1 356(bind, mount,)1 406 2 2114 5120 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2896 5120 w
8 R f
(change name space)2 613 1 2968 5120 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 5120 t
7 R f
(bind\(1\))4942 5120 w
8 R f
( unmount)1 356(bind, mount,)1 406 2 2114 5210 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2896 5210 w
8 R f
(change name space)2 613 1 2968 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 5210 t
7 R f
(bind\(2\))4942 5210 w
8 R f
( unusemap,)1 415(file interpretation\) crackhdr, newmap, setmap,)4 1470 2 1050 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 3003 5300 t
8 R f
(/beswal, leswab, leswal)2 747 1 3358 5300 t
8 S1 f
(\261)4125 5300 w
8 R f
(executable)4197 5300 w
7 R f
(mach\(freemap,)4726 5300 w
8 R f
(mkfs, mkext, flio)2 548 1 1561 5390 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2129 5390 w
8 R f
( a file system)3 421( update)1 284(archive or)1 319 3 2201 5390 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 5390 t
7 R f
(mkfs\(8\))4927 5390 w
8 R f
( Disclabel)1 320( update,)1 304(/40meg, 80meg, 100meg, newkernel, personalize,)4 1585 3 935 5480 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3164 5480 w
8 R f
(administration for local/)2 767 1 3236 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 5480 t
7 R f
(home\(8\))4911 5480 w
8 R f
(du)2215 5570 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2315 5570 w
8 R f
(disk usage)1 386 1 2387 5570 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)31 1663 1 2856 5570 t
7 R f
(du\(1\))4997 5570 w
8 R f
(getflags, usage)1 524 1 2249 5660 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2793 5660 w
8 R f
(process flag arguments in argv)4 975 1 2865 5660 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 5660 t
7 R f
(getflags\(9.2\))4792 5660 w
8 R f
(newuser)1738 5750 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2023 5750 w
8 R f
( user)1 204(adding a new)2 425 2 2095 5750 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)32 1716 1 2803 5750 t
7 R f
(newuser\(8\))4835 5750 w
8 R f
(rendezvous)2086 5840 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 5840 w
8 R f
(user level process synchronization)3 1092 1 2592 5840 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 5840 t
7 R f
(rendezvous\(2\))4749 5840 w
8 R f
(users)1947 5930 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2130 5930 w
8 R f
( list format)2 348( user)1 204(file server)1 318 3 2202 5930 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 5930 t
7 R f
(users\(6\))4924 5930 w
8 R f
(getuser)2102 6020 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2351 6020 w
8 R f
( name)1 192(get user)1 301 2 2423 6020 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 6020 t
7 R f
(getuser\(2\))4865 6020 w
8 R f
(login)2176 6110 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2360 6110 w
8 R f
( name)1 192(set user)1 292 2 2432 6110 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 6110 t
7 R f
(login\(8\))4922 6110 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1085 6200 w
8 R f
( null, klog, stats, lights, noise,/)5 974( user,)1 224(console, clocks, process/process group ids,)4 1363 3 1157 6200 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3770 6200 t
8 R f
(cons)4390 6200 w
7 R f
(cons\(3\))4939 6200 w
8 R f
(users)2592 6290 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2775 6290 w
8 R f
(file server user list format)4 818 1 2847 6290 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 6290 t
7 R f
(users\(6\))4924 6290 w
8 R f
(who, whois)1 369 1 1848 6380 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2237 6380 w
8 R f
( the machine)2 406( using)1 245(who is)1 211 3 2309 6380 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 6380 t
7 R f
(who\(1\))4947 6380 w
8 R f
( utah2pic)1 346(/face2pic, gif2pic, nasa2pic, pcx2pic, picopic,)4 1459 2 1061 6470 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2886 6470 w
8 R f
(convert other formats to picture/)4 1027 1 2958 6470 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 6470 t
7 R f
(dumppic\(9.1\))4768 6470 w
8 R f
(format)720 6560 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 999 6560 t
8 R f
(UTF, Unicode, ASCII, rune)3 892 1 2592 6560 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3504 6560 w
8 R f
(character set and)2 532 1 3576 6560 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 6560 t
7 R f
(utf\(6\))4989 6560 w
8 R f
( utfrune, utfrrune, utfutf)3 760( utflen,)1 277(runetochar, chartorune, runelen, fullrune,)3 1307 3 1213 6650 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3577 6650 w
8 R f
(rune/UTF/)3649 6650 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 6650 t
7 R f
(rune\(2\))4943 6650 w
8 R f
(loadchar, Subfont, Fontchar, Font)3 1076 1 1224 6740 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2320 6740 w
8 R f
(font utilities)1 438 1 2392 6740 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 2900 6740 t
8 R f
(cachechars, agefont,)1 645 1 3891 6740 t
7 R f
(cachechars\(2\))4761 6740 w
8 R f
(iupdate)1087 6830 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1341 6830 w
8 R f
( utilities)1 310(weather maps, reports, photos, and)4 1107 2 1413 6830 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 2912 6830 t
8 R f
(/movie, report, query, wextract,)3 1004 1 3532 6830 t
7 R f
(weather\(7\))4846 6830 w
8 R f
( za)1 90( va,)1 167(2a, 6a, 8a, ka,)3 440 3 2080 6920 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2797 6920 w
8 R f
(assemblers)2869 6920 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)23 1239 1 3280 6920 t
7 R f
(2a\(1\))5001 6920 w
8 R f
(val, kal)1 234 1 2592 7010 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2846 7010 w
8 R f
(ALEF compilers)1 534 1 2918 7010 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 7010 t
7 R f
(alef\(1\))4962 7010 w
8 R f
(env)1911 7100 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2046 7100 w
8 R f
(environment variables)1 760 1 2118 7100 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 7100 t
7 R f
(env\(3\))4966 7100 w
8 R f
(getenv, putenv)1 469 1 1335 7190 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1824 7190 w
8 R f
( variables)1 358(access environment)1 624 2 1896 7190 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 7190 t
7 R f
(getenv\(2\))4880 7190 w
8 R f
(c++/8l, c++/zl)1 453 1 720 7280 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1193 7280 w
8 R f
(C++/)1265 7280 w
8 I f
(. . . . . .)5 285 1 1494 7280 t
8 R f
( c++/8c, c++/zc, c++/2l, c++/kl, c++/vl,)5 1266( vc,)1 167(c++/2c, c++/kc, c++/)2 671 3 1849 7280 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 7280 t
7 R f
(c++\(1\))4958 7280 w
10 R f
( 23)1 4427(Plan 9)1 253 2 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 23 25
%%Page: 24 26
/saveobj save def
mark
26 pagesetup
10 R f
(Permuted Index)1 635 1 720 430 t
8 R f
( zc)1 90( vc,)1 167(2c, 6c, 8c, kc,)3 440 3 2080 710 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2797 710 w
8 R f
(C compilers)1 387 1 2869 710 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 710 t
7 R f
(2c\(1\))5001 710 w
8 R f
(output)720 800 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 1003 800 t
8 R f
( vprintf, vsprintf)2 523( vfprintf,)1 334(fprintf, printf, sprintf,)2 685 3 1835 800 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3397 800 w
8 R f
(print formatted)1 478 1 3469 800 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 800 t
7 R f
(fprintf\(2\))4888 800 w
8 R f
( vfscanf)1 305(fscanf, scanf, sscanf,)2 658 2 1862 890 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2845 890 w
8 R f
(scan formatted input)2 653 1 2917 890 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 890 t
7 R f
(fscanf\(2\))4897 890 w
8 R f
(aux/ vga)1 324 1 2383 980 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2727 980 w
8 R f
(setup VGA card)2 518 1 2799 980 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 980 t
7 R f
(vga\(8\))4966 980 w
8 R f
(vga)2333 1070 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 1070 w
8 R f
(vgasize, vgatype, vgaport)2 813 1 2592 1070 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 1070 t
7 R f
(vga\(3\))4966 1070 w
8 R f
(vi, ki)1 164 1 2592 1160 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2776 1160 w
8 R f
(instruction simulators)1 691 1 2848 1160 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)17 921 1 3598 1160 t
7 R f
(vi\(1\))5012 1160 w
8 R f
(segdetach, segfree)1 581 1 1049 1250 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1650 1250 w
8 R f
( memory)1 285( virtual)1 279(map/unmap a segment in)3 798 3 1722 1250 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3124 1250 t
8 R f
(segattach,)4221 1250 w
7 R f
(segattach\(2\))4806 1250 w
8 R f
( vismon)1 307(seemail, aliasmail, smtp, smtpd, uk2uk, vwhois,)5 1529 2 991 1340 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2847 1340 w
8 R f
(mail commands)1 506 1 2919 1340 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 3490 1340 t
8 R f
(/edmail, sendmail,)1 585 1 3951 1340 t
7 R f
(mail\(1\))4941 1340 w
8 R f
( c++/8l, c++/zl)2 473( vl,)1 154(/c++/vc, c++/8c, c++/zc, c++/2l, c++/kl, c++/)5 1448 3 1072 1430 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3167 1430 w
8 R f
(C++ compilers and loaders)3 861 1 3239 1430 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . .)6 338 1 4181 1430 t
7 R f
(c++\(1\))4958 1430 w
8 R f
( zl)1 77( vl,)1 154(2l, 6l, 8l, kl,)3 388 3 2132 1520 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2771 1520 w
8 R f
(loaders)2843 1520 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 1520 t
7 R f
(2l\(1\))5012 1520 w
8 R f
(rtc)1567 1610 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1670 1610 w
8 R f
( RAM)1 203( volatile)1 310(real\255time clock and non\255)3 778 3 1742 1610 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)26 1398 1 3121 1610 t
7 R f
(rtc\(3\))4993 1610 w
8 R f
( vsprintf)1 319(fprintf, printf, sprintf, vfprintf, vprintf,)4 1223 2 1297 1700 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2859 1700 w
8 R f
(print formatted output)2 702 1 2931 1700 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 1700 t
7 R f
(fprintf\(2\))4888 1700 w
8 R f
( vismon)1 255( vwhois,)1 323(seemail, aliasmail, smtp, smtpd, uk2uk,)4 1258 3 1262 1790 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3118 1790 w
8 R f
(mail commands)1 506 1 3190 1790 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 3746 1790 t
8 R f
(/sendmail,)4207 1790 w
7 R f
(mail\(1\))4941 1790 w
8 R f
(wait)2592 1880 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2749 1880 w
8 R f
(wait for a process to exit)5 783 1 2821 1880 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)16 868 1 3651 1880 t
7 R f
(wait\(2\))4946 1880 w
8 R f
( whatis,)1 248( wait,)1 229(rc, cd, eval, exec, exit, flag, newpgrp, shift,)7 1375 3 1145 1970 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3017 1970 w
8 R f
(command language)1 621 1 3089 1970 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 1970 t
7 R f
(rc\(1\))5013 1970 w
8 R f
(walk)2592 2060 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2767 2060 w
8 R f
(descend a directory hierarchy)3 936 1 2839 2060 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 2060 t
7 R f
(walk\(5\))4931 2060 w
8 R f
(clock, catclock, fireworks, swar, zork)4 1191 1 1096 2150 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2307 2150 w
8 R f
(time wasters)1 451 1 2379 2150 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 2915 2150 t
8 R f
(/plumb, quiz, smiley, life, fsim,)4 1001 1 3535 2150 t
7 R f
(games\(1\))4888 2150 w
8 R f
(wc)2592 2240 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2705 2240 w
8 R f
(word count)1 361 1 2777 2240 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 2240 t
7 R f
(wc\(1\))4986 2240 w
8 R f
( iupdate)1 254( wextract,)1 365(map, key, plot, photo, movie, report, query,)6 1387 3 1133 2330 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3159 2330 w
8 R f
(weather maps, reports,/)2 741 1 3231 2330 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 2330 t
7 R f
(weather\(7\))4846 2330 w
8 R f
( whatis,)1 300(eval, exec, exit, flag, newpgrp, shift, wait,)6 1336 2 1184 2420 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2840 2420 w
8 R f
(command language)1 621 1 2912 2420 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3614 2420 t
8 R f
(rc, cd,)1 196 1 4340 2420 t
7 R f
(rc\(1\))5013 2420 w
8 R f
(who, whois)1 369 1 2592 2510 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2981 2510 w
8 R f
(who is using the machine)4 810 1 3053 2510 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 2510 t
7 R f
(who\(1\))4947 2510 w
8 R f
(8\275, label, window, wloc)3 787 1 1661 2600 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2600 w
8 R f
(window system)1 499 1 2592 2600 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 2600 t
7 R f
(8\275\(1\))4979 2600 w
8 R f
(help)1877 2690 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2034 2690 w
8 R f
( system)1 241(experimental window)1 744 2 2106 2690 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 2690 t
7 R f
(help\(1\))4946 2690 w
8 R f
(8\275)2348 2780 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 2780 w
8 R f
(window system files)2 655 1 2592 2780 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)22 1186 1 3333 2780 t
7 R f
(8\275\(4\))4979 2780 w
8 R f
( wloc)1 175( window,)1 350(8\275, label,)1 314 3 2206 2870 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3065 2870 w
8 R f
(window system)1 499 1 3137 2870 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 2870 t
7 R f
(8\275\(1\))4979 2870 w
8 R f
(help)1582 2960 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1739 2960 w
8 R f
( windows)1 361(make and control help)3 709 2 1811 2960 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)29 1557 1 2962 2960 t
7 R f
(help\(4\))4946 2960 w
8 R f
( it)1 64( within)1 276(then search a directory, and change to a file)8 1382 3 1138 3050 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 2943 3050 t
8 R f
(clwalk)4040 3050 w
8 S1 f
(\261)4272 3050 w
8 R f
(clone,)4344 3050 w
7 R f
(clwalk\(5\))4880 3050 w
8 R f
( wloc)1 227(8\275, label, window,)2 612 2 1908 3140 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2767 3140 w
8 R f
(window system)1 499 1 2839 3140 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)21 1133 1 3386 3140 t
7 R f
(8\275\(1\))4979 3140 w
8 R f
(wc)2355 3230 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3230 w
8 R f
(word count)1 361 1 2592 3230 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 3230 t
7 R f
(wc\(1\))4986 3230 w
8 R f
(chdir)2040 3320 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2223 3320 w
8 R f
( directory)1 306(change working)1 563 2 2295 3320 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 3320 t
7 R f
(chdir\(2\))4923 3320 w
8 R f
(pwd, pbd)1 298 1 2150 3410 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2468 3410 w
8 R f
(working directory)1 572 1 2592 3410 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 3410 t
7 R f
(pwd\(1\))4947 3410 w
8 R f
( wrbitmapfile)1 482(/bfree, rdbitmap, wrbitmap, rdbitmapfile,)3 1308 2 1212 3500 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3022 3500 w
8 R f
(allocating, freeing, reading,/)2 897 1 3094 3500 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 4075 3500 t
7 R f
(balloc\(2\))4895 3500 w
8 R f
( wrcolmap)1 390(RGB, rgbpix, rdcolmap,)2 774 2 1746 3590 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2930 3590 w
8 R f
(handle color screens)2 648 1 3002 3590 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)15 815 1 3704 3590 t
7 R f
(rgbpix\(2\))4884 3590 w
8 R f
(hard, wren)1 392 1 2359 3680 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2771 3680 w
8 R f
(hard disk interface)2 590 1 2843 3680 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)19 1027 1 3492 3680 t
7 R f
(hard\(3\))4943 3680 w
8 R f
(read, write)1 391 1 2364 3770 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2775 3770 w
8 R f
(read or write file)3 530 1 2847 3770 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3439 3770 t
7 R f
(read\(2\))4947 3770 w
8 R f
(read, write)1 391 1 2364 3860 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2775 3860 w
8 R f
(transfer data from and to a file)6 964 1 2847 3860 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 3860 t
7 R f
(read\(5\))4947 3860 w
8 R f
(mk9660, pump)1 484 1 1621 3950 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2125 3950 w
8 R f
( ISO\2559660 CD\255ROM images)3 921( write)1 235(create and)1 323 3 2197 3950 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)14 762 1 3757 3950 t
7 R f
(mk9660\(8\))4837 3950 w
8 R f
(wrbitmapfile)1143 4040 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1573 4040 w
8 R f
( bitmaps)1 272( writing)1 302(allocating, freeing, reading,)2 875 3 1645 4040 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3137 4040 t
8 R f
(/wrbitmap, rdbitmapfile,)1 779 1 3757 4040 t
7 R f
(balloc\(2\))4895 4040 w
8 R f
(create, close)1 391 1 1246 4130 t
8 S1 f
(\261)1657 4130 w
8 R f
( create file)2 333( writing,)1 322(open a file for reading or)5 791 3 1729 4130 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)20 1080 1 3211 4130 t
8 R f
(open,)4361 4130 w
7 R f
(open\(2\))4931 4130 w
8 R f
( wrkey)1 271(/enable, disable, expire, status, convkeys,)4 1314 2 1206 4220 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2811 4220 w
8 R f
(maintain authentication databases)2 1072 1 2883 4220 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 4220 t
7 R f
(auth\(8\))4946 4220 w
8 R f
( picputprop, picgetprop, picunpack,/)3 1154( wrpicfile,)1 378(/picread, picwrite, picclose, rdpicfile,)3 1183 3 1337 4310 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 4310 t
7 R f
(picopen\(9.2\))4792 4310 w
8 R f
( mkfont)1 250( wrsubfontfile,)1 520(subfalloc, subffree, rdsubfontfile,)2 1060 3 1460 4400 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3310 4400 w
8 R f
(subfont manipulation)1 679 1 3382 4400 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . .)7 391 1 4128 4400 t
7 R f
(subfalloc\(2\))4810 4400 w
8 R f
(stat, wstat)1 370 1 2390 4490 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2780 4490 w
8 R f
(inquire or change file attributes)4 996 1 2852 4490 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . .)11 603 1 3916 4490 t
7 R f
(stat\(5\))4969 4490 w
8 R f
(dirfwstat)720 4580 w
8 S1 f
(\261)1022 4580 w
8 R f
(get and put file/)3 501 1 1094 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 1647 4580 t
8 R f
( fwstat, dirstat, dirfstat, dirwstat,)4 1032( wstat,)1 260(stat, fstat,)1 306 3 2214 4580 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 4580 t
7 R f
(stat\(2\))4969 4580 w
8 R f
(xd)2592 4670 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2692 4670 w
8 R f
(hex, octal, decimal, or ASCII dump)5 1137 1 2764 4670 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4670 t
7 R f
(xd\(1\))4997 4670 w
8 R f
(transfer)720 4760 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . .)8 444 1 1040 4760 t
8 R f
( xmr)1 200(con, telnet, hayes, cu, rx, xms,)5 966 2 1554 4760 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2740 4760 w
8 R f
(remote login, execution, and XMODEM file)5 1418 1 2812 4760 t
8 I f
(. . . . .)4 232 1 4287 4760 t
7 R f
(con\(1\))4966 4760 w
8 R f
(xpand, picnegate)1 539 1 2592 4850 t
8 S1 f
(\261)3151 4850 w
8 R f
(adjust dynamic range)2 680 1 3223 4850 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3969 4850 t
7 R f
(xpand\(9.1\))4843 4850 w
8 R f
(yacc)2592 4940 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2757 4940 w
8 R f
(yet another compiler\255compiler)2 965 1 2829 4940 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . .)12 656 1 3863 4940 t
7 R f
(yacc\(1\))4939 4940 w
8 R f
(yesterday)2592 5030 w
8 S1 f
(\261)2916 5030 w
8 R f
(print file names from the dump)5 991 1 2988 5030 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 4022 5030 t
7 R f
(yesterday\(1\))4799 5030 w
8 R f
( za)1 142(2a, 6a, 8a, ka, va,)4 555 2 1965 5120 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2682 5120 w
8 R f
(assemblers)2754 5120 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)25 1345 1 3174 5120 t
7 R f
(2a\(1\))5001 5120 w
8 R f
( zc)1 142(2c, 6c, 8c, kc, vc,)4 555 2 1965 5210 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2682 5210 w
8 R f
(C compilers)1 387 1 2754 5210 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)24 1292 1 3227 5210 t
7 R f
(2c\(1\))5001 5210 w
8 R f
( zl)1 129(c++/zc, c++/2l, c++/kl, c++/vl, c++/8l, c++/)5 1400 2 1120 5300 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2669 5300 w
8 R f
(C++ compilers and loaders)3 861 1 2741 5300 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . .)10 550 1 3652 5300 t
8 R f
(/c++/8c,)4272 5300 w
7 R f
(c++\(1\))4958 5300 w
8 R f
( zl)1 129(2l, 6l, 8l, kl, vl,)4 490 2 2030 5390 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2669 5390 w
8 R f
(loaders)2741 5390 w
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)28 1504 1 3015 5390 t
7 R f
(2l\(1\))5012 5390 w
8 R f
( zork)1 213(life, fsim, clock, catclock, fireworks, swar,)5 1356 2 1164 5480 t
8 S1 f
(\261)2753 5480 w
8 R f
(time wasters)1 399 1 2825 5480 t
8 I f
(. . . . . . . . . .)9 497 1 3294 5480 t
8 R f
(/plumb, quiz, smiley,)2 675 1 3861 5480 t
7 R f
(games\(1\))4888 5480 w
10 R f
(24 Manual)1 4680 1 720 7650 t
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 24 26
%%Page: 1 27
/saveobj save def
mark
27 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( INTRO)1 4095(INTRO \( 1 \))3 445 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(intro)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1294 1080 w
10 R f
(introduction to Plan 9)3 870 1 1384 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
( computing environment assembled from separate machines acting as terminals, CPU)10 3445(Plan 9 is a distributed)4 875 2 1080 1368 t
( user works at a terminal, running a window system on a bitmapped display.)13 3187( A)1 133( file servers.)2 512(servers, and)1 488 4 1080 1488 t
( in those)2 355(Some windows are connected to CPU servers; the intent is that heavy computing should be done)15 3965 2 1080 1608 t
( file storage for)3 624( separate file server provides)4 1166( A)1 127(windows but it is also possible to compute on the terminal.)10 2403 4 1080 1728 t
(terminals and CPU servers alike.)4 1312 1 1080 1848 t
( s)1 2( ac ce es)3 133( pa)1 46( Sp)1 52( S)1 99( e)1 2( me)1 46( am)1 80(N Na)1 118 9 870 2016 t
( determined by a map\255)4 918( object retrieved by a given name is)7 1450( The)1 209(In Plan 9, almost all objects look like files.)8 1743 4 1080 2136 t
( the)1 152(ping called)1 447 2 1080 2256 t
10 I f
(name space .)2 528 1 1709 2256 t
10 R f
(A quick tour of the standard name space is in)9 1850 1 2267 2256 t
10 I f
(namespace)4147 2256 w
10 R f
( program)1 368(\(4\). Every)1 434 2 4598 2256 t
( Plan 9 belongs to a)5 831(running in)1 422 2 1080 2376 t
10 I f
(process group)1 578 1 2367 2376 t
10 R f
(\(see)2979 2376 w
10 I f
(rfork)3173 2376 w
10 R f
(in)3407 2376 w
10 I f
(fork)3519 2376 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\), and the name space for each process)7 1712 1 3688 2376 t
(group can be independently customized.)4 1611 1 1080 2496 t
( full file name \(also called a)6 1114( A)1 122(A name space is hierarchically structured.)5 1673 3 1080 2664 t
10 I f
(full path name)2 578 1 4014 2664 t
10 R f
(\) has the form)3 557 1 4600 2664 t
(/)1440 2832 w
10 I f
(e1)1476 2832 w
10 R f
(/)1578 2832 w
10 I f
(e2)1614 2832 w
10 R f
(/.../)1716 2832 w
10 I f
(en)1855 2832 w
10 R f
(This represents an object in a tree of files: the tree has a root, represented by the first)17 3409 1 1080 3000 t
10 CW f
(/)4516 3000 w
10 R f
( child)1 228(; the root has a)4 596 2 4576 3000 t
(file named)1 425 1 1080 3120 t
10 I f
(e1)1531 3120 w
10 R f
(, which in turn has child)5 971 1 1633 3120 t
10 I f
(e2)2630 3120 w
10 R f
(, and so on; the descendent)5 1081 1 2732 3120 t
10 I f
(en)3839 3120 w
10 R f
( path)1 197(is the object represented by the)5 1244 2 3959 3120 t
(name.)1080 3240 w
(There are a number of Plan 9)6 1211 1 1080 3408 t
10 I f
(services)2325 3408 w
10 R f
( name space is)3 606( A)1 131(available, each of which provides a tree of files.)8 1983 3 2680 3408 t
(built by)1 319 1 1080 3528 t
10 I f
(binding)1434 3528 w
10 R f
( a user's)2 350( Typically,)1 467( name\255space\255so\255far.)1 794(services \(or subtrees of services\) to names in the)8 2014 4 1775 3528 t
( is bound to the root of the name space, and other services are bound to conventionally)16 3650(home file server)2 670 2 1080 3648 t
( service resident in the operating system for accessing hard\255)9 2440( example, there is a)4 801( For)1 196(named subdirectories.)1 883 4 1080 3768 t
(ware devices and that is bound to)6 1409 1 1080 3888 t
10 CW f
(/dev)2527 3888 w
10 R f
( the name)2 416( services have names \(outside)4 1238( Kernel)1 334(by convention.)1 607 4 2805 3888 t
(space\) that are a)3 644 1 1080 4008 t
10 CW f
(#)1749 4008 w
10 R f
(sign followed by a single letter; for example,)7 1792 1 1834 4008 t
10 CW f
(#c)3651 4008 w
10 R f
(is conventionally bound to)3 1064 1 3796 4008 t
10 CW f
(/dev)4885 4008 w
10 R f
(.)5125 4008 w
(Plan 9 has)2 411 1 1080 4176 t
10 I f
(union directories)1 686 1 1516 4176 t
10 R f
( direc\255)1 258( The)1 206( to the same name.)4 750(: directories made of several directories all bound)7 1976 4 2210 4176 t
( made \(see)2 440( the bindings are)3 687( When)1 296(tories making up a union directory are ordered in a list.)10 2279 4 1080 4296 t
10 I f
(bind)4814 4296 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\), flags)1 400 1 5000 4296 t
( a newly bound member goes at the head or the tail of the list or completely replaces the)18 3678(specify whether)1 642 2 1080 4416 t
( a union directory, each member directory is searched in list order until the name)14 3252( look up a name in)5 756(list. To)1 312 3 1080 4536 t
( directory: a file created in the)6 1232( bind flag specifies whether file creation is allowed in a member)11 2608( A)1 126(is found.)1 354 4 1080 4656 t
(union directory goes in the first member directory in list order that allows creation, if any.)15 3592 1 1080 4776 t
(The glue that holds Plan 9 together is a network protocol called)11 2588 1 1080 4944 t
10 I f
(9P)3699 4944 w
10 R f
(, described in section 5 of this manual.)7 1582 1 3818 4944 t
( and to perform operations)4 1067(All Plan 9 servers read and respond to 9P requests to navigate through a file tree)15 3253 2 1080 5064 t
(such as reading and writing files within the tree.)8 1922 1 1080 5184 t
( ng g)2 54( ti in)2 82( oo ot)2 82(B Bo)1 119 4 870 5352 t
( the name of a file server to boot from, the operating)11 2112(When a terminal is powered on or reset, it must be told)11 2208 2 1080 5472 t
( this dialog proceeds is environment\255 and)6 1750( How)1 261( and password.)2 630(system kernel to boot, and a user name)7 1679 4 1080 5592 t
( a Plan 9 kernel, which sets some environment)8 1896( it is complete, the terminal loads)6 1354(machine\255dependent. Once)1 1070 3 1080 5712 t
(variables \(see)1 549 1 1080 5832 t
10 I f
(env)1658 5832 w
10 R f
( See)1 198(\(3\)\) and builds an initial name space.)6 1502 2 1804 5832 t
10 I f
(namespace)3533 5832 w
10 R f
(\(4\),)3984 5832 w
10 I f
(boot)4154 5832 w
10 R f
(\(8\), and)1 314 1 4340 5832 t
10 I f
(init)4683 5832 w
10 R f
( details,)1 314(\(8\) for)1 261 2 4825 5832 t
(but some important aspects of the initial name space are:)9 2266 1 1080 5952 t
10 S f
(\267)1080 6120 w
10 R f
(The environment variable)2 1031 1 1440 6120 t
10 CW f
($cputype)2496 6120 w
10 R f
(is set to the name of the kernel's CPU's architecture: one of)11 2398 1 3002 6120 t
10 CW f
(68020)1440 6240 w
10 R f
(,)1740 6240 w
10 CW f
(mips)1798 6240 w
10 R f
(,)2038 6240 w
10 CW f
(sparc)2095 6240 w
10 R f
(,)2395 6240 w
10 CW f
(386)2452 6240 w
10 R f
(, or)1 140 1 2632 6240 t
10 CW f
(hobbit)2804 6240 w
10 R f
( environment variable)2 890(. The)1 237 2 3164 6240 t
10 CW f
($objtype)4323 6240 w
10 R f
(is initially the)2 565 1 4835 6240 t
(same as)1 313 1 1440 6360 t
10 CW f
($cputype)1778 6360 w
10 R f
(.)2258 6360 w
10 S f
(\267)1080 6528 w
10 R f
( variable)1 347(The environment)1 685 2 1440 6528 t
10 CW f
($terminal)2498 6528 w
10 R f
(is set to the model of the machine running the kernel: e.g.,)11 2336 1 3064 6528 t
10 CW f
(mips magnum 3000)2 960 1 1440 6648 t
10 R f
(.)2400 6648 w
10 S f
(\267)1080 6816 w
10 R f
(The environment variable)2 1035 1 1440 6816 t
10 CW f
($service)2502 6816 w
10 R f
(is set to)2 310 1 3009 6816 t
10 CW f
(terminal)3346 6816 w
10 R f
( of accessing Plan 9 may)5 1005( ways)1 232(. \(Other)1 337 3 3826 6816 t
(set)1440 6936 w
10 CW f
($service)1576 6936 w
10 R f
(to one of)2 355 1 2081 6936 t
10 CW f
(cpu)2461 6936 w
10 R f
(,)2641 6936 w
10 CW f
(con)2691 6936 w
10 R f
(, or)1 133 1 2871 6936 t
10 CW f
(rx)3029 6936 w
10 R f
(.\))3149 6936 w
10 S f
(\267)1080 7104 w
10 R f
(The environment variable)2 1057 1 1440 7104 t
10 CW f
($user)2535 7104 w
10 R f
( The)1 219( terminal.)1 397(is set to the name of the user who booted the)10 1911 3 2873 7104 t
(environment variable)1 851 1 1440 7224 t
10 CW f
($home)2316 7224 w
10 R f
(is set to that user's home directory.)6 1401 1 2641 7224 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2122(Page 1)1 269 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( INTRO)1 4095(INTRO \( 1 \))3 445 3 720 480 t
10 S f
(\267)1080 960 w
10 CW f
(/$cputype/bin)1440 960 w
10 R f
(and)2245 960 w
10 CW f
(/rc/bin)2414 960 w
10 R f
(are unioned into)2 649 1 2859 960 t
10 CW f
(/bin)3533 960 w
10 R f
(.)3773 960 w
( the terminal runs the command interpreter,)6 1781(After booting,)1 573 2 1080 1128 t
10 I f
(rc)3467 1128 w
10 R f
(\(1\), on)1 274 1 3558 1128 t
10 CW f
(/usr/$user/lib/profile)3865 1128 w
10 R f
(after)5218 1128 w
(moving to the user's home directory.)5 1476 1 1080 1248 t
(Here is a typical profile:)4 970 1 1080 1416 t
10 CW f
(bind \255c $home/tmp /tmp)3 1320 1 1440 1584 t
(bind \255a $home/bin/rc /bin)3 1500 1 1440 1704 t
(bind \255a $home/bin/$cputype /bin)3 1860 1 1440 1824 t
(font = /lib/font/bit/pelm/latin1.9.font)2 2340 1 1440 1944 t
(switch\($service\){)1440 2064 w
(case terminal)1 780 1 1440 2184 t
( '\))1 480(prompt=\('term% ' ')2 1080 2 1800 2304 t
(exec 8\275 \255f $font)3 960 1 1800 2424 t
(case cpu)1 480 1 1440 2544 t
(bind \255b /mnt/term/mnt/8\275 /dev)3 1740 1 1800 2664 t
(prompt=\('cpu% ' ' '\))3 1200 1 1800 2784 t
(news)1800 2904 w
(case con)1 480 1 1440 3024 t
(prompt=\('cpu% ' ' '\))3 1200 1 1800 3144 t
(news)1800 3264 w
(})1440 3384 w
10 R f
( three lines replace)3 753(The first)1 341 2 1080 3552 t
10 CW f
(/tmp)2200 3552 w
10 R f
(with a)1 248 1 2466 3552 t
10 CW f
(tmp)2740 3552 w
10 R f
(in the user's home directory and union personal)7 1912 1 2946 3552 t
10 CW f
(bin)4884 3552 w
10 R f
(directo\255)5090 3552 w
(ries with)1 349 1 1080 3672 t
10 CW f
(/bin)1456 3672 w
10 R f
(, to be searched after the standard)6 1349 1 1696 3672 t
10 CW f
(bin)3071 3672 w
10 R f
( different things happen, depending)4 1421(directories. Then)1 702 2 3277 3672 t
(on the)1 247 1 1080 3792 t
10 CW f
($service)1352 3792 w
10 R f
(environment variable, such as running the window system)7 2325 1 1857 3792 t
10 I f
(8\275)4207 3792 w
10 R f
(\(1\) on a terminal.)3 693 1 4340 3792 t
( such as compiling, the)4 943(To do heavy work)3 744 2 1080 3960 t
10 I f
(cpu)2798 3960 w
10 R f
(\(1\) command connects a window to a CPU server; the same)10 2450 1 2950 3960 t
( initial directory is the)4 911( The)1 212(environment variables are set \(to different values\) and the same profile is run.)12 3197 3 1080 4080 t
(current directory in the terminal window where)6 1926 1 1080 4200 t
10 I f
(cpu)3037 4200 w
10 R f
( value of)2 361( The)1 211(was typed.)1 433 3 3212 4200 t
10 CW f
($service)4248 4200 w
10 R f
(will be)1 282 1 4760 4200 t
10 CW f
(cpu)5074 4200 w
10 R f
(, so)1 146 1 5254 4200 t
( is accessible)2 555( root of the terminal's name space)6 1466( The)1 223(the second arm of the profile switch is executed.)8 2076 4 1080 4320 t
(through)1080 4440 w
10 CW f
(/mnt/term)1421 4440 w
10 R f
(, so the)2 296 1 1961 4440 t
10 I f
(bind)2287 4440 w
10 R f
(is a way of making the window system's graphics interface \(see)10 2610 1 2496 4440 t
10 I f
(bit)5137 4440 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\))5251 4440 w
( The)1 205(available to programs running on the CPU server.)7 1986 2 1080 4560 t
10 I f
(news)3296 4560 w
10 R f
(\(1\) command reports current Plan 9 affairs.)6 1726 1 3504 4560 t
(The third possible service type,)4 1255 1 1080 4728 t
10 CW f
(con)2361 4728 w
10 R f
( CPU server is called from a non\255Plan\2559 machine, such)9 2214(, is set when the)4 645 2 2541 4728 t
(as through)1 419 1 1080 4848 t
10 I f
(telnet)1524 4848 w
10 R f
(\(see)1771 4848 w
10 I f
(con)1956 4848 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\).)2108 4848 w
( 9)1 2( 9)1 93( n)1 2( an)1 52( la)1 46( Pl)1 30( P)1 99( ng g)2 54( in)1 52( si)1 30(U Us)1 113 11 870 5016 t
( in Research Unix, version 10; the window system is)9 2131(The user commands of Plan 9 are reminiscent of those)9 2189 2 1080 5136 t
(a lot like)2 350 1 1080 5256 t
10 I f
(mux)1455 5256 w
10 R f
( are a number of differences, however.)6 1538(. There)1 307 2 1629 5256 t
(The standard shell is)3 848 1 1080 5424 t
10 I f
(rc)1961 5424 w
10 R f
( pro\255)1 200( most noticeable differences appear only when)6 1904( The)1 213(\(1\), not the Bourne shell.)4 1031 4 2052 5424 t
(gramming and macro processing.)3 1331 1 1080 5544 t
( line\255kill character is control\255U; these cannot be)7 2093(The character\255delete character is backspace, and the)6 2227 2 1080 5712 t
(changed.)1080 5832 w
( in its window.)3 628( shell kills any running commands if you type a DEL)10 2221( The)1 215(DEL is the interrupt character.)4 1256 4 1080 6000 t
(See)1080 6120 w
10 I f
(keyboard)1249 6120 w
10 R f
(\(6\) for instructions on typing characters like DEL on the various keyboards.)11 3028 1 1628 6120 t
( lingers, available for)3 872( It)1 119( something like an address error, it enters a `Broken' state.)10 2414(If a program dies with)4 915 4 1080 6288 t
(debugging with)1 625 1 1080 6408 t
10 I f
(db)1730 6408 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1838 6408 w
10 I f
(. Broke)1 313 1 1962 6408 t
10 R f
(\(see)2300 6408 w
10 I f
(kill)2485 6408 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\) cleans up broken processes.)4 1282 1 2621 6408 t
(The standard editor is)3 868 1 1080 6576 t
10 I f
(sam)1973 6576 w
10 R f
( is a variant that permits running the file\255manipulating part of)10 2453(\(1\). There)1 423 2 2142 6576 t
10 I f
(sam)5043 6576 w
10 R f
(on a)1 170 1 5230 6576 t
(non\255Plan\2559 system:)1 775 1 1080 6696 t
10 CW f
(sam \255r tcp!kremvax)2 1080 1 1440 6864 t
10 R f
( prefixed by the network name, here)6 1461(Machine names may be)3 951 2 1080 7032 t
10 CW f
(tcp)3520 7032 w
10 R f
(; others include)2 622 1 3700 7032 t
10 CW f
(dk)4350 7032 w
10 R f
(for Datakit and)2 610 1 4498 7032 t
10 CW f
(il)5136 7032 w
10 R f
(for)5284 7032 w
(the Plan 9 Internet protocol.)4 1118 1 1080 7152 t
( 2)1 75( Page)1 2139( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( INTRO)1 4095(INTRO \( 1 \))3 445 3 720 480 t
(Login connections and remote execution on non\255Plan\2559 machines are usually done by saying, for example,)14 4265 1 1080 960 t
10 CW f
(con kremvax)1 660 1 1440 1128 t
10 R f
(or)1080 1296 w
10 CW f
(rx deepthought chess)2 1200 1 1440 1464 t
10 R f
(\(see)1080 1632 w
10 I f
(con)1265 1632 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\).)1417 1632 w
(You can access file systems of other machines by using)9 2221 1 1080 1800 t
10 I f
(9fs)3326 1800 w
10 R f
(\(see)3468 1800 w
10 I f
(srv)3653 1800 w
10 R f
( example,)1 388(\(4\)\). For)1 363 2 3783 1800 t
10 CW f
(9fs kremvax)1 660 1 1440 1968 t
10 R f
(sets things up so that the root of)7 1275 1 1080 2136 t
10 CW f
(kremvax)2380 2136 w
10 R f
('s file tree is visible locally in)6 1188 1 2800 2136 t
10 CW f
(/n/kremvax)4013 2136 w
10 R f
(.)4613 2136 w
(You can get notification of mail arriving on Plan 9 using)10 2345 1 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(seemail)3458 2304 w
10 R f
(\(see)3796 2304 w
10 I f
(mail)3989 2304 w
10 R f
( arrives else\255)2 527(\(1\)\); if your mail)3 698 2 4175 2304 t
(where, use)1 426 1 1080 2424 t
10 I f
(vismon)1531 2424 w
10 R f
(:)1822 2424 w
10 CW f
(vismon tcp!kremvax)1 1080 1 1440 2592 t
10 R f
( command)1 419( The)1 205(The Plan 9 file server has an integrated backup facility.)9 2206 3 1080 2760 t
10 CW f
(9fs dump)1 480 1 1440 2928 t
10 R f
(binds to)1 326 1 1080 3096 t
10 CW f
(/n/dump)1438 3096 w
10 R f
( dump tree has years as top)6 1123( The)1 212(a tree containing the daily backups on the file server.)9 2175 3 1890 3096 t
( example,)1 388( For)1 189( and month\255day as next level file names.)7 1614(level file names,)2 659 4 1080 3216 t
10 CW f
(/n/dump/1990/0120)3955 3216 w
10 R f
(is the root)2 400 1 5000 3216 t
( than one dump is taken on the)7 1252( more)1 233( If)1 119(of the file system as it appeared at dump time on January 20, 1990.)13 2716 4 1080 3336 t
( it was on June 15,)5 754( recover the version of this file as)7 1354( To)1 164(same day, dumps after the first have an extra digit.)9 2048 4 1080 3456 t
(1991,)1080 3576 w
10 CW f
(cp /n/dump/1991/0615/sys/man/man1/Intro.1 .)2 2580 1 1440 3744 t
10 R f
(or use)1 241 1 1440 3864 t
10 I f
(yesterday)1706 3864 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)2096 3864 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4032 t
10 R f
(This section for general publicly accessible commands.)6 2210 1 1080 4152 t
(Section \(2\) for library functions, including system calls.)7 2234 1 1080 4272 t
(Section \(3\) for kernel devices \(accessed via)6 1733 1 1080 4392 t
10 I f
(bind)2838 4392 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\).)3024 4392 w
(Section \(4\) for file services \(accessed via)6 1639 1 1080 4512 t
10 I f
(mount)2744 4512 w
10 R f
(\).)3002 4512 w
(Section \(5\) for the Plan 9 file protocol.)7 1548 1 1080 4632 t
(Section \(6\) for file formats.)4 1095 1 1080 4752 t
(Section \(7\) for databases and database access programs.)7 2232 1 1080 4872 t
(Section \(8\) for things related to administering Plan 9.)8 2129 1 1080 4992 t
(Section \(9\) for raster image software.)5 1490 1 1080 5112 t
(Section \(10\) for circuit design software.)5 1591 1 1080 5232 t
10 CW f
(/sys/doc)1080 5352 w
10 R f
(for copies of papers referenced in this manual.)7 1850 1 1585 5352 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 5520 t
10 R f
( called the)2 430(Upon termination each program returns a string)6 1956 2 1080 5640 t
10 I f
(exit status)1 413 1 3501 5640 t
10 R f
( was either supplied by a call to)7 1332(. It)1 146 2 3922 5640 t
10 I f
(exits)1080 5760 w
10 R f
( written to the command's)4 1077(\(2\) or was)2 420 2 1271 5760 t
10 CW f
(/proc/)2800 5760 w
10 I f
(pid)3168 5760 w
10 CW f
(/note)3304 5760 w
10 R f
(file \(see)1 325 1 3636 5760 t
10 I f
(proc)3993 5760 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\), causing an abnormal ter\255)4 1216 1 4184 5760 t
( to the)2 268( empty string is customary for successful execution; a non\255empty string gives a clue)13 3458(mination. The)1 594 3 1080 5880 t
(failure of the command.)3 959 1 1080 6000 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2122(Page 3)1 269 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( 2A)1 4278(2A \( 1 \))3 262 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(2a, 6a, 8a, ka, va, za)5 808 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1913 1080 w
10 R f
(assemblers)2003 1080 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(2a)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1368 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1368 t
10 R f
(])2121 1368 w
10 CW f
(6a)1080 1488 w
10 R f
([)1225 1488 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1488 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1488 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1488 t
10 R f
(])2121 1488 w
10 CW f
(8a)1080 1608 w
10 R f
([)1225 1608 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1608 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1608 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1608 t
10 R f
(])2121 1608 w
10 CW f
(ka)1080 1728 w
10 R f
([)1225 1728 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1728 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1728 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1728 t
10 R f
(])2121 1728 w
10 CW f
(va)1080 1848 w
10 R f
([)1225 1848 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1848 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1848 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1848 t
10 R f
(])2121 1848 w
10 CW f
(za)1080 1968 w
10 R f
([)1225 1968 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1968 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1968 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1968 t
10 R f
(])2121 1968 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2136 t
10 I f
(2a)1080 2256 w
10 R f
(,)1188 2256 w
10 I f
(6a)1240 2256 w
10 R f
(,)1348 2256 w
10 I f
(8a)1400 2256 w
10 R f
(,)1508 2256 w
10 I f
(ka)1560 2256 w
10 R f
(,)1662 2256 w
10 I f
(va)1714 2256 w
10 R f
(, and)1 196 1 1816 2256 t
10 I f
(za)2039 2256 w
10 R f
( i386, SPARC, MIPS, and Hobbit)5 1367(assemble the named files into MC68020, i960,)6 1878 2 2155 2256 t
( common C preprocessor directives and associated command\255)7 2498( assemblers handle the most)4 1141( The)1 210(object files.)1 471 4 1080 2376 t
( options are:)2 494( Other)1 277(line options.)1 495 3 1080 2496 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 2664 w
10 I f
(obj)1233 2664 w
10 R f
(Place output in file)3 767 1 1440 2664 t
10 I f
(obj)2235 2664 w
10 R f
( take the last ele\255)4 692( is to)2 201( Default)1 352(\(allowed only if there is just one input file\).)8 1764 4 2391 2664 t
(ment of the input path name, strip any trailing)8 1915 1 1440 2784 t
10 CW f
(.s)3390 2784 w
10 R f
( .)1 59(, and append)2 527 2 3510 2784 t
10 I f
(O)4104 2784 w
10 R f
(, where)1 302 1 4184 2784 t
10 I f
(O)4520 2784 w
10 R f
(is first letter of the)4 774 1 4626 2784 t
(assembler's name.)1 737 1 1440 2904 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3072 t
10 R f
(The directory)1 594 1 1080 3192 t
10 CW f
(/sys/include)1753 3192 w
10 R f
( include files after machine\255dependent files in)6 2159(is searched for)2 689 2 2552 3192 t
10 CW f
(/$objtype/include)1080 3312 w
10 R f
(.)2100 3312 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3480 t
10 I f
(2c)1080 3600 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1182 3600 w
10 I f
(2l)1348 3600 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)1434 3600 w
(Rob Pike, ``A manual for the Plan 9 assembler.'')8 1958 1 1080 3768 t
( 4)1 75( Page)1 2139( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( 2C)1 4283(2C \( 1 \))3 257 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(2c, 6c, 8c, kc, vc, zc)5 808 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1913 1080 w
10 R f
(C compilers)1 486 1 2003 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(2c)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1368 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1368 t
10 R f
(])2121 1368 w
10 CW f
(6c)1080 1488 w
10 R f
([)1225 1488 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1488 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1488 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1488 t
10 R f
(])2121 1488 w
10 CW f
(8c)1080 1608 w
10 R f
([)1225 1608 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1608 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1608 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1608 t
10 R f
(])2121 1608 w
10 CW f
(kc)1080 1728 w
10 R f
([)1225 1728 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1728 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1728 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1728 t
10 R f
(])2121 1728 w
10 CW f
(vc)1080 1848 w
10 R f
([)1225 1848 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1848 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1848 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1848 t
10 R f
(])2121 1848 w
10 CW f
(zc)1080 1968 w
10 R f
([)1225 1968 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1968 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1968 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1968 t
10 R f
(])2121 1968 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2136 t
10 I f
(2c)1080 2256 w
10 R f
(,)1182 2256 w
10 I f
(6c)1233 2256 w
10 R f
(,)1335 2256 w
10 I f
(8c)1386 2256 w
10 R f
(,)1488 2256 w
10 I f
(kc)1539 2256 w
10 R f
(,)1635 2256 w
10 I f
(vc)1686 2256 w
10 R f
(, and)1 195 1 1782 2256 t
10 I f
(zc)2003 2256 w
10 R f
( C files into MC68020, i960, i386, SPARC, MIPS, and Hobbit)10 2526(compile the named)2 762 2 2112 2256 t
( compilers handle most preprocessing directives themselves; a complete preprocessor is)10 3625( The)1 217(object files.)1 478 3 1080 2376 t
(available in)1 463 1 1080 2496 t
10 I f
(cpp)1568 2496 w
10 R f
(\(1\), which must be run separately.)5 1361 1 1720 2496 t
(Let the first letter of the compiler name be)8 1723 1 1080 2664 t
10 I f
(O)2832 2664 w
10 R f
(=)2912 2664 w
10 CW f
(2)2997 2664 w
10 R f
(,)3057 2664 w
10 CW f
(6)3111 2664 w
10 R f
(,)3171 2664 w
10 CW f
(8)3225 2664 w
10 R f
(,)3285 2664 w
10 CW f
(k)3340 2664 w
10 R f
(,)3400 2664 w
10 CW f
(v)3455 2664 w
10 R f
(, or)1 138 1 3515 2664 t
10 CW f
(z)3683 2664 w
10 R f
( output object files end in .)6 1099(. The)1 235 2 3743 2664 t
10 I f
(O)5085 2664 w
10 R f
(. The)1 235 1 5165 2664 t
(letter is also the prefix of related programs:)7 1783 1 1080 2784 t
10 I f
(O)2896 2784 w
10 CW f
(a)2976 2784 w
10 R f
(is the assembler,)2 679 1 3069 2784 t
10 I f
(O)3781 2784 w
10 CW f
(l)3861 2784 w
10 R f
( with each)2 424( Associated)1 495(is the loader.)2 527 3 3954 2784 t
( string)1 260(compiler is a)2 528 2 1080 2904 t
10 I f
(objtype)1900 2904 w
10 R f
(=)2202 2904 w
10 CW f
(68020)2290 2904 w
10 R f
(,)2590 2904 w
10 CW f
(960)2647 2904 w
10 R f
(,)2827 2904 w
10 CW f
(386)2884 2904 w
10 R f
(,)3064 2904 w
10 CW f
(sparc)3121 2904 w
10 R f
(,)3421 2904 w
10 CW f
(mips)3478 2904 w
10 R f
(, or)1 140 1 3718 2904 t
10 CW f
(hobbit)3890 2904 w
10 R f
( 9 conventionally sets)3 890(. Plan)1 260 2 4250 2904 t
(the)1080 3024 w
10 CW f
($objtype)1233 3024 w
10 R f
( the)1 152(environment variable to)2 966 2 1744 3024 t
10 I f
(objtype)2892 3024 w
10 R f
( Plan)1 233(string appropriate to the current machine's type.)6 1951 2 3216 3024 t
(9 also conventionally has /)4 1082 1 1080 3144 t
10 I f
(objtype)2170 3144 w
10 R f
(directories, which contain among other things:)5 1884 1 2494 3144 t
10 CW f
(include)4408 3144 w
10 R f
(, for machine\255)2 572 1 4828 3144 t
(dependent include files;)2 964 1 1080 3264 t
10 CW f
(lib)2073 3264 w
10 R f
(, for public object code libraries;)5 1323 1 2253 3264 t
10 CW f
(bin)3605 3264 w
10 R f
(, for public programs; and)4 1056 1 3785 3264 t
10 CW f
(mkfile)4870 3264 w
10 R f
(, for)1 170 1 5230 3264 t
(preconditioning)1080 3384 w
10 I f
(mk)1738 3384 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)1862 3384 w
(The compiler options are:)3 1029 1 1080 3552 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 3720 w
10 I f
(obj)1233 3720 w
10 R f
(Place output in file)3 764 1 1800 3720 t
10 I f
(obj)2591 3720 w
10 R f
( is to take the)4 545( Default)1 352( file\).)1 219(\(allowed only if there is just one input)7 1538 4 2746 3720 t
(last element of the input pathname, strip any trailing)8 2090 1 1800 3840 t
10 CW f
(.c)3915 3840 w
10 R f
(, and append .)3 557 1 4035 3840 t
10 I f
(O)4600 3840 w
10 R f
(.)4680 3840 w
10 CW f
(\255w)1080 4008 w
10 R f
(Print warning messages about unused variables, etc.)6 2080 1 1800 4008 t
10 CW f
(\255A)1080 4176 w
10 R f
( This)1 244( new\255style ANSI C function prototype.)5 1634(Complain about functions used without a)5 1722 3 1800 4176 t
(option is on by default.)4 925 1 1800 4296 t
10 CW f
(\255B)1080 4464 w
10 R f
(Turn off the action of the)5 1006 1 1800 4464 t
10 CW f
(\255A)2831 4464 w
10 R f
(flag.)2976 4464 w
10 CW f
(\255D)1080 4632 w
10 I f
(name=def)1208 4632 w
10 CW f
(\255D)1080 4752 w
10 I f
(name)1208 4752 w
10 R f
(Define the)1 429 1 1800 4752 t
10 I f
(name)2265 4752 w
10 R f
(to the preprocessor, as if by)5 1163 1 2517 4752 t
10 CW f
(#define)3717 4752 w
10 R f
( no definition is given, the)5 1110(. If)1 153 2 4137 4752 t
(name is defined as)3 740 1 1800 4872 t
10 CW f
(1)2565 4872 w
10 R f
(.)2625 4872 w
10 CW f
(\255I)1080 5040 w
10 I f
(dir)1208 5040 w
10 CW f
(#include)1800 5040 w
10 R f
( do not begin with)4 760(files whose names)2 746 2 2312 5040 t
10 CW f
(/)3851 5040 w
10 R f
(are always sought first in the direc\255)6 1456 1 3944 5040 t
(tory of the)2 520 1 1800 5160 t
10 I f
(file)2397 5160 w
10 R f
(argument, then in directories named in)5 1802 1 2602 5160 t
10 CW f
(\255I)4481 5160 w
10 R f
(options, then in)2 722 1 4678 5160 t
10 CW f
(/sys/include)1800 5280 w
10 R f
(, and finally in)3 583 1 2520 5280 t
10 CW f
(/$objtype/include.)3128 5280 w
(\255O)1080 5448 w
10 R f
( option is on by default.)5 950( This)1 228(Perform object code optimization.)3 1365 3 1800 5448 t
10 CW f
(\255N)1080 5616 w
10 R f
(Turn off the action of the)5 1006 1 1800 5616 t
10 CW f
(\255O)2831 5616 w
10 R f
(flag.)2976 5616 w
10 CW f
(\255S)1080 5784 w
10 R f
( as well as gen\255)4 635(Print an assembly language version of the object code on standard output)11 2965 2 1800 5784 t
(erating the .)2 474 1 1800 5904 t
10 I f
(O)2282 5904 w
10 R f
(file.)2379 5904 w
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 6072 w
10 I f
(name)1208 6072 w
10 R f
( or union)2 383(Print on standard output a listing of the fields in structure)10 2388 2 1800 6072 t
10 I f
(name)4607 6072 w
10 R f
(together with)1 541 1 4859 6072 t
( can be used in conjunction with the debug\255)8 1758( This)1 230( information.)1 524(their offsets and some type)4 1088 4 1800 6192 t
(ger \(see)1 312 1 1800 6312 t
10 I f
(db)2137 6312 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\).)2245 6312 w
(The compilers support several extensions to ANSI C:)7 2134 1 1080 6480 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 6648 w
10 R f
( fields of the sub\255)4 747( The)1 217( may contain unnamed substructures and subunions.)6 2156(A structure or union)3 840 4 1440 6648 t
( structure or union)3 747(structures or subunions can then be used as if they were members of the parent)14 3213 2 1440 6768 t
( pointer to the outer structure or union is)8 1631( a)1 70( When)1 289(\(the resolution of a name conflict is unspecified\).)7 1970 4 1440 6888 t
(used in a context that is only legal for the unnamed substructure, the compiler promotes the type)16 3960 1 1440 7008 t
(and adjusts the pointer value to point at the substructure.)9 2259 1 1440 7128 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2122(Page 5)1 269 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( 2C)1 4283(2C \( 1 \))3 257 3 720 480 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 960 w
10 R f
(A structure value can be formed with an expression such as)10 2372 1 1440 960 t
10 CW f
(\(struct S\){v1, v2, v3})3 1320 1 1680 1080 t
10 R f
(where the list elements are values for the fields of struct)10 2234 1 1440 1200 t
10 CW f
(S)3699 1200 w
10 R f
(.)3759 1200 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 1368 w
10 R f
(Array initializers can specify the indices of the array in square brackets, as)12 2972 1 1440 1368 t
10 CW f
(int a[] = { [3] 1, [10] 5 };)8 1680 1 1680 1488 t
10 R f
(which initializes the third and tenth elements of the eleven\255element array)10 2911 1 1440 1608 t
10 CW f
(a)4376 1608 w
10 R f
(.)4436 1608 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(A global variable can be dedicated to a register by declaring it)11 2535 1 1440 1776 t
10 CW f
(extern register)1 906 1 4006 1776 t
10 R f
(in)4943 1776 w
10 I f
(all)5052 1776 w
10 R f
(mod\255)5189 1776 w
(ules and libraries.)2 707 1 1440 1896 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(A)1440 2064 w
10 CW f
(#pragma)1537 2064 w
10 R f
(of the form)2 449 1 1982 2064 t
10 CW f
( "libbio.a")1 660(#pragma lib)1 900 2 1440 2184 t
10 R f
(records that the program needs to be loaded with file)9 2131 1 1440 2304 t
10 CW f
(/$objtype/lib/libbio.a)3599 2304 w
10 R f
(; such lines,)2 481 1 4919 2304 t
(typically placed in library header files, obviate the)7 2007 1 1440 2424 t
10 CW f
(\255l)3472 2424 w
10 R f
(option of the loaders.)3 849 1 3617 2424 t
9 R f
( LE E)2 59( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 5 720 2592 t
10 R f
(For the 68020, produce a program)5 1364 1 1080 2712 t
10 CW f
(prog)2469 2712 w
10 R f
(from C files)2 483 1 2734 2712 t
10 CW f
(main.c)3242 2712 w
10 R f
(and)3627 2712 w
10 CW f
(sub.c)3796 2712 w
10 R f
(:)4096 2712 w
10 CW f
(2c \255w main.c sub.c)3 1080 1 1440 2880 t
(2l \255o prog main.2 sub.2)4 1380 1 1440 3000 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3168 t
10 CW f
(/sys/include)1080 3288 w
10 R f
(system area for machine\255independent)3 1493 1 2220 3288 t
10 CW f
(#include)3738 3288 w
10 R f
(directives.)4243 3288 w
10 CW f
(/$objtype/include)1080 3408 w
10 R f
(system area for machine\255dependent)3 1415 1 2220 3408 t
10 CW f
(#include)3660 3408 w
10 R f
(directives.)4165 3408 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3576 t
10 I f
(2a)1080 3696 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1188 3696 w
10 I f
(2l)1354 3696 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1440 3696 w
10 I f
(rl)1606 3696 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1681 3696 w
10 I f
(mk)1847 3696 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1971 3696 w
10 I f
(nm)2137 3696 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2267 3696 w
10 I f
(db)2433 3696 w
10 R f
(\(1\))2541 3696 w
(Rob Pike, ``How to Use the Plan 9 C Compiler'')9 1949 1 1080 3864 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4032 t
10 R f
(The i960 compiler has been used only to program one I/O controller and is certainly buggy.)15 3661 1 1080 4152 t
(Bitfields are not supported in)4 1166 1 1080 4320 t
10 I f
(zc)2271 4320 w
10 R f
(.)2362 4320 w
(Unsigned integers as large as 2\22331 are not correctly converted to floating.)11 2932 1 1080 4488 t
(The preprocessor only handles)3 1228 1 1080 4656 t
10 CW f
(#define)2335 4656 w
10 R f
(,)2755 4656 w
10 CW f
(#include)2807 4656 w
10 R f
(,)3287 4656 w
10 CW f
(#undef)3340 4656 w
10 R f
(,)3700 4656 w
10 CW f
(#ifdef)3753 4656 w
10 R f
(,)4113 4656 w
10 CW f
(#line)4166 4656 w
10 R f
(, and)1 197 1 4466 4656 t
10 CW f
(#ifndef)4691 4656 w
10 R f
( a)1 72(. For)1 217 2 5111 4656 t
(full ANSI preprocessor, use)3 1114 1 1080 4776 t
10 I f
(cpp)2219 4776 w
10 R f
(\(1\) on the files first.)4 796 1 2371 4776 t
( 6)1 75( Page)1 2139( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( 2L)1 4289(2L \( 1 \))3 251 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(2l, 6l, 8l, kl, vl, zl)5 712 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1817 1080 w
10 R f
(loaders)1907 1080 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(2l)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1368 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1368 t
10 R f
(])2121 1368 w
10 CW f
(6l)1080 1488 w
10 R f
([)1225 1488 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1488 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1488 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1488 t
10 R f
(])2121 1488 w
10 CW f
(8l)1080 1608 w
10 R f
([)1225 1608 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1608 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1608 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1608 t
10 R f
(])2121 1608 w
10 CW f
(kl)1080 1728 w
10 R f
([)1225 1728 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1728 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1728 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1728 t
10 R f
(])2121 1728 w
10 CW f
(vl)1080 1848 w
10 R f
([)1225 1848 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1848 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1848 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1848 t
10 R f
(])2121 1848 w
10 CW f
(zl)1080 1968 w
10 R f
([)1225 1968 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1968 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1968 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1780 1968 t
10 R f
(])2121 1968 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2136 t
10 I f
(2l)1080 2256 w
10 R f
(,)1166 2256 w
10 I f
(6l)1225 2256 w
10 R f
(,)1311 2256 w
10 I f
(8l)1370 2256 w
10 R f
(,)1456 2256 w
10 I f
(kl)1515 2256 w
10 R f
(,)1595 2256 w
10 I f
(vl)1654 2256 w
10 R f
(, and)1 203 1 1734 2256 t
10 I f
(zl)1971 2256 w
10 R f
(load the named files into MC68020, i960, i386, SPARC, MIPS, and Hobbit exe\255)12 3328 1 2072 2256 t
( archi\255)1 259( files should be object files or libraries \(archives of object files\) for the appropriate)14 3340( The)1 208(cutable files.)1 513 4 1080 2376 t
( a name like)3 500(tecture. Also,)1 565 2 1080 2496 t
10 CW f
(\255l)2175 2496 w
10 I f
(ext)2303 2496 w
10 R f
(represents the library)2 852 1 2449 2496 t
10 CW f
(lib)3331 2496 w
10 I f
(ext)3519 2496 w
10 CW f
(.a)3643 2496 w
10 R f
(in)3793 2496 w
10 CW f
(/$objtype/lib)3901 2496 w
10 R f
(, where)1 298 1 4681 2496 t
10 I f
(objtype)5009 2496 w
10 R f
(is)5333 2496 w
(one of)1 257 1 1080 2616 t
10 CW f
(68020)1367 2616 w
10 R f
(,)1667 2616 w
10 CW f
(960)1722 2616 w
10 R f
(,)1902 2616 w
10 CW f
(386)1957 2616 w
10 R f
(,)2137 2616 w
10 CW f
(sparc)2192 2616 w
10 R f
(,)2492 2616 w
10 CW f
(mips)2547 2616 w
10 R f
(, or)1 138 1 2787 2616 t
10 CW f
(hobbit .)1 485 1 2955 2616 t
10 R f
( are rarely necessary as)4 939(In practice, such options)3 991 2 3470 2616 t
( the libraries cause their archives to be included automatically in the load \(see)13 3232(the header files for)3 777 2 1080 2736 t
10 I f
(2c)5124 2736 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\).)5226 2736 w
(The libraries must have tables of contents \(see)7 1849 1 1080 2856 t
10 I f
(rl)2954 2856 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\).)3029 2856 w
(Normally there is an implicit)4 1499 1 1080 3024 t
10 CW f
(\255lc)2690 3024 w
10 R f
( C library)2 557(after the named files to search the)6 1862 2 2981 3024 t
10 CW f
(/$objtype/lib/libc.a)1080 3144 w
10 R f
( undefined symbol)2 748( the loader creates an)4 853(. Also,)1 292 3 2280 3144 t
10 CW f
(_main)4200 3144 w
10 R f
(\(or)4527 3144 w
10 CW f
(_mainp)4670 3144 w
10 R f
(if profil\255)1 343 1 5057 3144 t
(ing is enabled\) to force loading of the startup linkage from the C library.)13 2890 1 1080 3264 t
(The loader options are:)3 923 1 1080 3432 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1080 3600 w
10 R f
( the default loading of the C library and startup linkage.)10 2222( Suppress)1 411(\(As a bare option.\))3 748 3 1800 3600 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 3768 w
10 I f
(out)1233 3768 w
10 R f
(Place output in file)3 758 1 1800 3768 t
10 I f
(out.)2583 3768 w
10 R f
(Default is)1 391 1 2761 3768 t
10 I f
(O)3177 3768 w
10 CW f
(.out,)3257 3768 w
10 R f
(where)3582 3768 w
10 I f
(O)3850 3768 w
10 R f
(is the first letter of the loader name.)7 1425 1 3947 3768 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 3936 w
10 R f
(Insert profiling code into the executable output.)6 1900 1 1800 3936 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 4104 w
10 R f
(Strip the symbol tables from the output file.)7 1750 1 1800 4104 t
10 CW f
(\255a)1080 4272 w
10 R f
(Print the object code in assembly language, with addresses.)8 2369 1 1800 4272 t
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 4440 w
10 R f
(Print debugging output that annotates the activities of the load.)9 2510 1 1800 4440 t
10 CW f
(\255H)1080 4608 w
10 I f
(n)1208 4608 w
10 R f
(Executable header is type)3 1055 1 1800 4608 t
10 I f
(n)2891 4608 w
10 R f
( typi\255)1 226( meaning of the types is architecture\255dependent;)6 1984(. The)1 241 3 2949 4608 t
( default.)1 338(cally type 1 is Plan 9 boot format and type 2 is the regular Plan 9 format, the)17 3262 2 1800 4728 t
( Next boot format is 3.)5 905( The)1 205(These are reversed on the MIPS.)5 1302 3 1800 4848 t
10 CW f
(\255T)1080 5016 w
10 I f
(t)1208 5016 w
10 R f
(The text segment starts at address)5 1345 1 1800 5016 t
10 I f
(t.)3170 5016 w
10 CW f
(\255D)1080 5184 w
10 I f
(d)1208 5184 w
10 R f
(The data segment starts at address)5 1361 1 1800 5184 t
10 I f
(d)3186 5184 w
10 R f
(.)3244 5184 w
10 CW f
(\255R)1080 5352 w
10 I f
(r)1208 5352 w
10 R f
(The text segment is rounded to a multiple of)8 1771 1 1800 5352 t
10 I f
(r)3596 5352 w
10 R f
(\(if)3660 5352 w
10 I f
(r)3779 5352 w
10 R f
(is nonzero\).)1 471 1 3843 5352 t
(The numbers in the above options can begin with)8 2002 1 1080 5520 t
10 CW f
(0x)3111 5520 w
10 R f
(or)3260 5520 w
10 CW f
(0)3372 5520 w
10 R f
( default base from decimal to hex\255)6 1399(to change the)2 540 2 3461 5520 t
( defaults for the values depend on the compiler and the header type.)12 2702( The)1 205(adecimal or octal.)2 712 3 1080 5640 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 5808 t
10 CW f
(/$objtype/lib)1080 5928 w
10 R f
(for)1980 5928 w
10 CW f
(\255l)2121 5928 w
10 I f
(lib)2249 5928 w
10 R f
(arguments.)2380 5928 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6096 t
10 I f
(2c)1080 6216 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1182 6216 w
10 I f
(2a)1348 6216 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1456 6216 w
10 I f
(ar)1622 6216 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1719 6216 w
10 I f
(rl)1885 6216 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1960 6216 w
10 I f
(nm)2126 6216 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2256 6216 w
10 I f
(db)2422 6216 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2530 6216 w
10 I f
(prof)2696 6216 w
10 R f
(\(1\))2871 6216 w
(Rob Pike, ``How to Use the Plan 9 C Compiler'')9 1949 1 1080 6384 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2122(Page 7)1 269 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( 8\275)1 4275(8\275 \( 1 \))3 265 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(8\275, label, window, wloc)3 985 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2090 1080 w
10 R f
(window system)1 625 1 2180 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(8\275)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255i ')1 240 1 1283 1368 t
10 I f
(cmd)1531 1368 w
10 CW f
(')1705 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1790 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1906 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2051 1368 t
10 I f
(font)2167 1368 w
10 R f
(])2348 1368 w
10 CW f
(label)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(name)1405 1536 w
10 CW f
(window ')1 445 1 1080 1704 t
10 I f
(minx miny maxx maxy)3 883 1 1533 1704 t
10 CW f
(')2424 1704 w
10 I f
(cmd arg)1 330 1 2509 1704 t
10 CW f
(...)2847 1704 w
(wloc)1080 1872 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2040 t
10 I f
(8\275)1080 2160 w
10 R f
( also serves a variety of)5 969( It)1 117( a bit\255mapped display.)3 906(manages asynchronous layers of text, or windows, on)7 2173 4 1235 2160 t
(files for communicating with and controlling windows; these are discussed in section)11 3405 1 1080 2280 t
10 I f
(8\275)4510 2280 w
10 R f
(\(4\).)4643 2280 w
( s)1 2( nd ds)2 93( an)1 52( mm ma)2 126( om)1 80(C Co)1 119 6 870 2448 t
(The)1080 2568 w
10 I f
(8\275)1263 2568 w
10 R f
( Its)1 153(command starts a new instance of the window system.)8 2196 2 1416 2568 t
10 CW f
(\255i)3793 2568 w
10 R f
( which)1 273(option names a startup script,)4 1186 2 3941 2568 t
(typically contains several)2 1015 1 1080 2688 t
10 I f
(window)2120 2688 w
10 R f
(commands generated by)2 970 1 2457 2688 t
10 I f
(wloc)3452 2688 w
10 R f
(.)3649 2688 w
(The)1080 2856 w
10 CW f
(\255s)1261 2856 w
10 R f
( The)1 207( to scroll.)2 379(option initializes windows so that text scrolls; the default is not)10 2538 3 1407 2856 t
10 I f
(font)4558 2856 w
10 R f
(argument names)1 659 1 4741 2856 t
(a font used to display text, both in)7 1375 1 1080 2976 t
10 I f
(8\275)2482 2976 w
10 R f
('s menus and as a default for any programs running in its windows; it)13 2785 1 2615 2976 t
(also establishes the environment variable)4 1722 1 1080 3096 t
10 CW f
($font)2847 3096 w
10 R f
(. If)1 161 1 3147 3096 t
10 CW f
(\255f)3353 3096 w
10 R f
(is not given,)2 532 1 3518 3096 t
10 I f
(8\275)4095 3096 w
10 R f
( of)1 129(uses the imported value)3 1006 2 4265 3096 t
10 CW f
($font)1080 3216 w
10 R f
( the underlying graphics server, usually the)6 1866(if set; otherwise it imports the default font from)8 2104 2 1430 3216 t
(terminal's operating system.)2 1135 1 1080 3336 t
(The)1080 3504 w
10 I f
(label)1260 3504 w
10 R f
(command changes a window's identifying name.)5 1958 1 1485 3504 t
(The)1080 3672 w
10 I f
(window)1274 3672 w
10 R f
( screen)1 294( first argument gives the minimum and maximum)7 2084( The)1 219(command creates a window.)3 1178 4 1625 3672 t
( to be run in the win\255)6 874(coordinates of the window to be created; the rest of the arguments are the command)14 3446 2 1080 3792 t
(dow and its arguments.)3 927 1 1080 3912 t
(The)1080 4080 w
10 I f
(wloc)1270 4080 w
10 R f
(command prints the coordinates and label of each window in its instance of)12 3132 1 1494 4080 t
10 I f
(8\275)4661 4080 w
10 R f
( used to)2 333(and is)1 246 2 4821 4080 t
(construct arguments for)2 948 1 1080 4200 t
10 I f
(window)2053 4200 w
10 R f
(.)2373 4200 w
( l)1 2( ol)1 30( ro)1 52( tr)1 35( on nt)2 82( co)1 52( c)1 87( w)1 2( nd do ow)3 178( in)1 52(W Wi)1 124 11 870 4368 t
( is)1 93( a window)2 416( When)1 288(Each window behaves as a separate terminal with at least one process associated with it.)14 3523 4 1080 4488 t
(created, a new process \(usually a shell; see)7 1727 1 1080 4608 t
10 I f
(rc)2835 4608 w
10 R f
( new process)2 519(\(1\)\) is established and bound to the window as a)9 1955 2 2926 4608 t
( each window acts as a simple terminal that displays character text; the standard input and)15 3666(group. Initially,)1 654 2 1080 4728 t
(output of its processes are attached to)6 1503 1 1080 4848 t
10 CW f
(/dev/cons)2609 4848 w
10 R f
( accessible to the processes running)5 1422( special files,)2 526(. Other)1 303 3 3149 4848 t
( of these are mentioned here;)5 1170( Some)1 281( the window a more general display.)6 1468(in a window, may be used to make)7 1401 4 1080 4968 t
(the complete set is discussed in)5 1252 1 1080 5088 t
10 I f
(8\275)2357 5088 w
10 R f
(\(4\).)2490 5088 w
(One window is)2 607 1 1080 5256 t
10 I f
(current)1714 5256 w
10 R f
(, and is highlighted with a heavy border; characters typed on the keyboard are avail\255)14 3384 1 2016 5256 t
(able in the)2 444 1 1080 5376 t
10 CW f
(/dev/cons)1563 5376 w
10 R f
( written on)2 459( Characters)1 489(file of the process in the current window.)7 1732 3 2142 5376 t
10 CW f
(/dev/cons)4860 5376 w
10 R f
(appear asynchronously in the associated window whether or not the window is current.)12 3474 1 1080 5496 t
( \(depressing and releasing\) mouse)4 1382( Clicking)1 400(Windows are created, deleted and rearranged using the mouse.)8 2538 3 1080 5664 t
( that window current and brings it in front of any windows that)12 2634(button 1 in a non\255current window makes)6 1686 2 1080 5784 t
( cursor points to the background area or is in a window that)12 2446( the mouse)2 443( When)1 293(happen to be overlapping it.)4 1138 4 1080 5904 t
( 3 activates a menu of window opera\255)7 1534(has not claimed the mouse for its own use, depressing mouse button)11 2786 2 1080 6024 t
(tions provided by)2 706 1 1080 6144 t
10 I f
(8\275)1814 6144 w
10 R f
( this point, a gunsight or cross cur\255)7 1416( At)1 154( selects an operation.)3 849( button 3 then)3 562(. Releasing)1 472 5 1947 6144 t
( button 3 menu operations are:)5 1218( The)1 205(sor indicates that an operation is pending.)6 1662 3 1080 6264 t
10 CW f
(New)1080 6432 w
10 R f
( one corner of the new rectangle should appear)8 1994( button 3 where)3 669( Depress)1 386(Create a window.)2 731 4 1620 6432 t
( opposite)1 368(\(cross cursor\), and move the mouse, while holding down button 3, to the diagonally)13 3412 2 1620 6552 t
( small windows)2 650( Very)1 260( button 3 creates the window, and makes it current.)9 2137(corner. Releasing)1 733 4 1620 6672 t
(may not be created.)3 781 1 1620 6792 t
10 CW f
(Reshape)1080 6912 w
10 R f
( click button 3 in the window to be changed)9 1805( First)1 240( of a window.)3 567(Change the size and location)4 1168 4 1620 6912 t
( sweep out a window as for the)7 1267( Then)1 259(\(gunsight cursor\).)1 714 3 1620 7032 t
10 CW f
(New)3889 7032 w
10 R f
( made)1 244( window is)2 447(operation. The)1 611 3 4098 7032 t
(current.)1620 7152 w
( 8)1 75( Page)1 2139( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( 8\275)1 4275(8\275 \( 1 \))3 265 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(Move)1080 960 w
10 R f
( one quadrant of the window to be)7 1430( button 3 in)3 483( Depress)1 379(Move a window to another location.)5 1488 4 1620 960 t
( holding down button 3, to the place where)8 1736(moved \(cross cursor\), then move the mouse, while)7 2044 2 1620 1080 t
( window is made current.)4 1012( The)1 205(the indicated quadrant's corner should appear.)5 1845 3 1620 1200 t
10 CW f
(Delete)1080 1320 w
10 R f
( a window)2 436( Deleting)1 404( window to be deleted \(gunsight cursor\).)6 1677( in the)2 268( Click)1 276(Delete a window.)2 719 6 1620 1320 t
(causes a)1 355 1 1620 1440 t
10 CW f
(hangup)2026 1440 w
10 R f
(note to be sent to all processes in the window's process group \(see)12 2963 1 2437 1440 t
10 I f
(notify)1620 1560 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\).)1856 1560 w
10 CW f
(Hide)1080 1680 w
10 R f
( the window to be hidden \(gunsight cursor\); it will be moved off\255)12 2735( in)1 113( Click)1 277(Hide a window.)2 655 4 1620 1680 t
( button 3 menu according to the)6 1343( hidden window is given a menu entry in the)9 1896(screen. Each)1 541 3 1620 1800 t
(value of the file)3 629 1 1620 1920 t
10 CW f
(/dev/label)2274 1920 w
10 R f
(, which)1 294 1 2874 1920 t
10 I f
(8\275)3193 1920 w
10 R f
(maintains \(see)1 574 1 3343 1920 t
10 I f
(8\275)3942 1920 w
10 R f
(\(4\)\).)4075 1920 w
( s)1 2( ws)1 41( nd do ow)3 178( in)1 52( wi)1 30( w)1 115( t)1 2( xt)1 30( ex)1 52(T Te)1 107 10 870 2088 t
( or written to)3 525(Characters typed on the keyboard)4 1345 2 1080 2208 t
10 CW f
(/dev/cons)2977 2208 w
10 R f
(collect in the window to form a long, continu\255)8 1856 1 3544 2208 t
(ous document.)1 583 1 1080 2328 t
(There is always some)3 877 1 1080 2496 t
10 I f
(selected text,)1 520 1 1987 2496 t
10 R f
( the)1 153( If)1 122( the screen by reversing its color.)6 1358(a contiguous string marked on)4 1230 4 2537 2496 t
( selected text)2 535( The)1 212( it is indicated by a hairline cursor between two characters.)10 2417(selected text is a null string,)5 1156 4 1080 2616 t
( make a null\255)3 548( is selected by pointing and clicking button 1 to)9 1960( Text)1 240(may be edited by mousing and typing.)6 1572 4 1080 2736 t
( may also be selected by)5 1053( Text)1 249( button 1 depressed.)3 847(string selection, or by pointing, then sweeping with)7 2171 4 1080 2856 t
( delimiter\255pair with one of)4 1058(double\255clicking: just inside a matched)4 1521 2 1080 2976 t
10 CW f
({[\(<\253`'")3685 2976 w
10 R f
(on the left and)3 577 1 4191 2976 t
10 CW f
(}]\)>\273`'")4794 2976 w
10 R f
(on)5300 2976 w
( within the pair; at the beginning or end of a line, it selects the line; within or at)18 3257(the right, it selects all text)5 1063 2 1080 3096 t
(the edge of an alphanumeric word, it selects the word.)9 2159 1 1080 3216 t
( selected text; if this text is not empty, it is placed in a)13 2246(Characters typed on the keyboard replace the)6 1836 2 1080 3384 t
10 I f
(snarf)5194 3384 w
(buffer)1080 3504 w
10 R f
(common to all windows but distinct from that of)8 1939 1 1344 3504 t
10 I f
(sam)3308 3504 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)3477 3504 w
( in the window at a single point maintained automatically by)10 2451(Programs access the text)3 990 2 1080 3672 t
10 I f
(8\275.)4549 3672 w
10 R f
(The)4727 3672 w
10 I f
(output point)1 490 1 4910 3672 t
10 R f
( next character written by a program to)7 1575(is the location in the text where the)7 1429 2 1080 3792 t
10 CW f
(/dev/cons)4112 3792 w
10 R f
(will appear; after\255)2 720 1 4680 3792 t
( is also the location in)5 895( output point)2 518( The)1 208(wards, the output point is the null string beyond the new character.)11 2699 4 1080 3912 t
( the window, not from an intervening)6 1490(the text of the next character that will be read \(directly from the text in)14 2830 2 1080 4032 t
(buffer\) by a program from)4 1088 1 1080 4152 t
10 CW f
(/dev/cons)2202 4152 w
10 R f
( read will occur is, however, under control of)8 1881( such a)2 295(. When)1 322 3 2742 4152 t
10 I f
(8\275)5275 4152 w
10 R f
(and the user.)2 507 1 1080 4272 t
( is text in the window after the output point, usually placed there by typing but occasionally)16 3693(In general there)2 627 2 1080 4440 t
( pending read of)3 675( A)1 130(by the editing operations described below.)5 1732 3 1080 4560 t
10 CW f
(/dev/cons)3650 4560 w
10 R f
( until the text after)4 766(will block)1 411 2 4223 4560 t
( whereupon the read may acquire the text, up to and including the new\255)13 2883(the output point contains a newline,)5 1437 2 1080 4680 t
( In)1 133( of text.)2 308( the read, as described above, the output point will be at the beginning of the next line)17 3443(line. After)1 436 4 1080 4800 t
( made by typ\255)3 555( Changes)1 395( text is delivered to programs a line at a time.)10 1816(normal circumstances, therefore, typed)3 1554 4 1080 4920 t
( in the window)3 609( the program)2 520( If)1 121(ing or editing before the text is read will be seen by the program reading it.)15 3070 4 1080 5040 t
( long\255running computation, there may accumulate multiple)6 2386(does not read the terminal, for example if it is a)10 1934 2 1080 5160 t
( the text is eventually)4 891(lines of text after the output point; changes made to all this text will be seen when)16 3429 2 1080 5280 t
( newlines in unread text to forestall the associated text)9 2184( means, for example, that one may edit out)8 1711(read. This)1 425 3 1080 5400 t
( behavior is very different from most systems'.)7 1875( This)1 228(being read when the program finishes computing.)6 1983 3 1080 5520 t
(Even when there are newlines in the output text,)8 1991 1 1080 5688 t
10 I f
(8\275)3105 5688 w
10 R f
(will not honor reads if the window is in)8 1649 1 3264 5688 t
10 I f
(hold mode,)1 453 1 4947 5688 t
10 R f
( programs,)1 433( Some)1 284( ESC character toggles hold mode.)5 1417( The)1 211( and border.)2 491(which is indicated by a white cursor)6 1484 6 1080 5808 t
(such as)1 294 1 1080 5928 t
10 I f
(mail)1402 5928 w
10 R f
( of multi\255line text; type ESC when)6 1402(\(1\), automatically turn on hold mode to simplify the editing)9 2410 2 1588 5928 t
(done to allow)2 544 1 1080 6048 t
10 I f
(mail)1649 6048 w
10 R f
(to read the text.)3 621 1 1852 6048 t
( like newline except that it is not delivered to a program)11 2387(An EOT character \(control\255D\) behaves exactly)5 1933 2 1080 6216 t
( empty line an EOT serves to deliver an end\255of\255file indication: the read will return)14 3361( on an)2 258( Thus)1 257(when read.)1 444 4 1080 6336 t
( BS character)2 545( The)1 209( edited out of the text.)5 897( newlines, unread EOTs may be successfully)6 1806( Like)1 236(zero characters.)1 627 6 1080 6456 t
( ETB character \(control\255W\) erases any nonal\255)6 1845( The)1 210(\(control\255H\) erases the character before the selected text.)7 2265 3 1080 6576 t
( here)1 216( `Alphanumeric')1 706(phanumeric characters, then the alphanumeric word just before the selected text.)10 3398 3 1080 6696 t
( NAK character \(control\255U\) erases the text after the output)9 2460( The)1 219( and non\255punctuation.)2 902(means non\255blanks)1 739 4 1080 6816 t
( these characters are typed on the key\255)7 1539( All)1 180( a program, but not more than one line.)8 1575(point, and not yet read by)5 1026 4 1080 6936 t
( with a word selected places the word in)8 1610(board and hence replace the selected text; for example, typing a BS)11 2710 2 1080 7056 t
(the snarf buffer, removes it from the screen, and erases the character before the word.)14 3407 1 1080 7176 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2122(Page 9)1 269 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( 8\275)1 4275(8\275 \( 1 \))3 265 3 720 480 t
( scroll bar on the left of the window shows in its clear)12 2183( A)1 125(Text may be moved vertically within the window.)7 2012 3 1080 960 t
( in its gray part what is above or)8 1319(portion what fragment of the total output text is visible on the screen, and)13 3001 2 1080 1080 t
( clicking button 1)3 724( inside the scroll bar moves text:)6 1335( Mousing)1 412(below view; it measures characters, not lines.)6 1849 4 1080 1200 t
( the scroll bar brings the line at the top of the window to the cursor's vertical)16 3078(with the mouse pointing inside)4 1242 2 1080 1320 t
( of the window; button 2, treating the scroll bar as a)11 2108(location; button 3 takes the line at the cursor to the top)11 2212 2 1080 1440 t
( a VIEW key \(possibly with a different label;)8 1842( Also,)1 269( the indicated portion of the stored text.)7 1611(ruler, jumps to)2 598 4 1080 1560 t
(see)1080 1680 w
10 I f
(keyboard)1232 1680 w
10 R f
(\(6\)\) scrolls forward half a window.)5 1396 1 1611 1680 t
( character sends an)3 800(The DEL)1 388 2 1080 1848 t
10 CW f
(interrupt)2308 1848 w
10 R f
( Alone)1 309(note to all processes in the window's process group.)8 2203 2 2888 1848 t
(among characters, the DEL and VIEW keys do not snarf the selected text.)12 2948 1 1080 1968 t
( the text reaches the end of the screen; a button 2 menu)12 2267(Normally written output to a window blocks when)7 2053 2 1080 2136 t
(item toggles scrolling.)2 892 1 1080 2256 t
( The)1 207(Other editing operations are selected from a menu on button 2.)10 2524 2 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(cut)3838 2424 w
10 R f
(operation deletes the selected text)4 1355 1 4045 2424 t
(from the screen and puts it in the snarf buffer;)9 1841 1 1080 2544 t
10 CW f
(snarf)2947 2544 w
10 R f
(copies the selected text to the buffer without deleting)8 2127 1 3273 2544 t
(it;)1080 2664 w
10 CW f
(paste)1189 2664 w
10 R f
(replaces the selected text with the contents of the buffer; and)10 2422 1 1514 2664 t
10 CW f
(send)3962 2664 w
10 R f
(copies the snarf buffer to just)5 1172 1 4228 2664 t
(after the output point, adding a final newline if missing.)9 2337 1 1080 2784 t
10 CW f
(Paste)3479 2784 w
10 R f
(will sometimes and)2 802 1 3816 2784 t
10 CW f
(send)4655 2784 w
10 R f
(will always)1 469 1 4931 2784 t
( when)1 243( Therefore)1 444( after the output point; the text so placed will behave exactly as described above.)14 3247(place text)1 386 4 1080 2904 t
(pasting text containing newlines after the output point, it may be prudent to turn on hold mode first.)17 3984 1 1080 3024 t
( s)1 2( ws)1 41( nd do ow)3 178( in)1 52( wi)1 30( w)1 115( t)1 2( xt)1 30( ex)1 52( te)1 46( t)1 71( w)1 2( aw)1 74(R Ra)1 113 14 870 3192 t
(Opening or manipulating certain files served by)6 1962 1 1080 3312 t
10 I f
(8\275)3076 3312 w
10 R f
(suppresses some of the services supplied to ordinary)7 2164 1 3236 3312 t
( the file)2 307( While)1 295(text windows.)1 562 3 1080 3432 t
10 CW f
(/dev/mouse)2270 3432 w
10 R f
( mouse operations are the responsibility of another)7 2022(is open, any)2 482 2 2896 3432 t
( Thus,)1 280(program running in the window.)4 1316 2 1080 3552 t
10 I f
(8\275)2706 3552 w
10 R f
( bar, supplying text editing)4 1099(refrains from maintaining the scroll)4 1440 2 2861 3552 t
(or menus, interpreting the VIEW key as a request to scroll, and also turns scrolling on.)15 3456 1 1080 3672 t
(The file)1 316 1 1080 3840 t
10 CW f
(/dev/consctl)1424 3840 w
10 R f
( particular, a raw mode may be set:)7 1430( In)1 137(controls interpretation of keyboard input.)4 1661 3 2172 3840 t
( the screen, and all)4 757(in a raw\255input window, no typed keyboard characters are special, they are not echoed to)14 3563 2 1080 3960 t
(are passed to a program immediately upon reading, instead of being gathered into lines.)13 3497 1 1080 4080 t
( s)1 2( ws)1 41( nd do ow)3 178( in)1 52( wi)1 30( w)1 115( s)1 2( cs)1 41( ic)1 46( ph hi)2 82( ap)1 52( ra)1 46(G Gr)1 107 13 870 4248 t
(A program that holds)3 858 1 1080 4368 t
10 CW f
(/dev/mouse)1965 4368 w
10 R f
(and)2592 4368 w
10 CW f
(/dev/consctl)2763 4368 w
10 R f
( console in raw mode has)5 1027(open after putting the)3 863 2 3510 4368 t
( all keyboard characters, and determines)5 1611(complete control of the window: it interprets all mouse events, gets)10 2709 2 1080 4488 t
(what appears on the screen.)4 1099 1 1080 4608 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 4776 t
10 CW f
(/lib/font/bit/*)1080 4896 w
10 R f
(font directories)1 607 1 2040 4896 t
10 CW f
(/mnt/8\275)1080 5016 w
10 R f
(Files served by)2 625 1 2040 5016 t
10 I f
(8\275)2700 5016 w
10 R f
(\(also unioned in)2 664 1 2860 5016 t
10 CW f
(/dev)3559 5016 w
10 R f
( before the)2 448(in a window's name space,)4 1118 2 3834 5016 t
(terminal's real)1 579 1 2040 5136 t
10 CW f
(/dev)2644 5136 w
10 R f
(files\))2909 5136 w
10 CW f
(/srv/8\275.)1080 5256 w
10 I f
(user)1560 5256 w
10 CW f
(.)1732 5256 w
10 I f
(pid)1792 5256 w
10 R f
(Server end of)2 537 1 2040 5256 t
10 I f
(8\275)2602 5256 w
10 R f
(.)2735 5256 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5424 t
10 I f
(8\275)1080 5544 w
10 R f
(\(4\),)1213 5544 w
10 I f
(rc)1383 5544 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1474 5544 w
10 I f
(cpu)1644 5544 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1796 5544 w
10 I f
(sam)1966 5544 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2135 5544 w
10 I f
(mail)2305 5544 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2491 5544 w
10 I f
(proof)2661 5544 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2886 5544 w
10 I f
(graphics)3056 5544 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)3414 5544 w
10 I f
(frame)3584 5544 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)3825 5544 w
10 I f
(layer)3995 5544 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)4208 5544 w
10 I f
(notify)4378 5544 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)4614 5544 w
10 I f
(cons)4784 5544 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)4975 5544 w
10 I f
(bit)5145 5544 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)5259 5544 w
10 I f
(keyboard)1080 5664 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1459 5664 w
( 10)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( ACID)1 4156(ACID \( 1 \))3 384 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(acid)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1271 1080 w
10 R f
(debugger)1361 1080 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(acid)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 I f
(\255l loadmodule)1 558 1 1403 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1986 1368 t
10 I f
(\255w)2102 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2227 1368 t
10 I f
(pid)2343 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2496 1368 t
10 I f
(textfile)2612 1368 w
10 R f
(])2909 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
( debugger is built around a simple com\255)7 1667( The)1 216( debugger.)1 432(Acid is a general purpose source level, symbolic)7 2005 4 1080 1656 t
( a flexible user interface which allows the debugger inter\255)9 2320(mand language. The command language provides)5 2000 2 1080 1776 t
( it provides an opportunity to)5 1224( Moreover,)1 480( be customized for a specific application or architecture.)8 2337(face to)1 279 4 1080 1896 t
( is able to debug multiple)5 1054( Acid)1 252( of a programs source code.)5 1142(write test and verification code independently)5 1872 4 1080 2016 t
(processes provided they share a common set of symbols \(See ALEF\(1\)\).)10 2892 1 1080 2136 t
(The \255w option allows the textfile to be modified.)8 1940 1 1080 2304 t
( and acid returns to)4 801(Control\255D terminates the program. If there are active processes a diagnostic is printed)12 3519 2 1080 2472 t
( exit and attached processes will be unaffected.)7 1906(the prompt. A second Control\255D will cause the debugger to)9 2414 2 1080 2592 t
(To make a clean exit, processes should be destroyed using the function)11 2834 1 1080 2712 t
10 I f
(kill .)1 178 1 3939 2712 t
10 R f
( Modules are automatically loaded)4 1389(At startup acid reads a standard set of command functions from a library.)12 2931 2 1080 2880 t
( provides a standard debugging)4 1252( This)1 230(from /lib/acid/port, /lib/acid/$objtype and $home/lib/acid in that order.)7 2838 3 1080 3000 t
( in $home/lib/acid may replace any previously)6 2003( Definitions)1 525(environment for each of the architectures.)5 1792 3 1080 3120 t
( line option. Modules)3 883(defined functions. Language specific modules can also be loaded using a command)11 3437 2 1080 3240 t
( load modules)2 565(specified on the command line are loaded last. If the function acidinit is defined by any of the)17 3755 2 1080 3360 t
(it will be invoked after all modules have been loaded.)9 2141 1 1080 3480 t
(Acid introduces the symbols of the program being debugged as variables in the language. If a symbol in the)18 4320 1 1080 3648 t
( reserved word the symbol is renamed. The interpreter)8 2316(program conflicts with a predefined variable or)6 2004 2 1080 3768 t
( at)1 108(prepends $ characters to start of the symbol until it is unique. A summary of the renamings is printed)18 4212 2 1080 3888 t
(startup.)1080 4008 w
( addresses the dual of)4 871(Acid has an expression syntax much like C. However since the symbol table provides)13 3449 2 1080 4176 t
( were preceded by an & in C)7 1165(a program variable will be an address in acid. That is the same as if all names)16 3155 2 1080 4296 t
( obtain the value of a variable one of the indirection operators must be used.)14 3036( To)1 161(or ALEF expression.)2 835 3 1080 4416 t
( expression)1 458( The)1 211( or evaluate expressions.)3 999(At the prompt acid is prepared to either store function definitions)10 2652 4 1080 4584 t
( result of expression evaluation yields both a)7 1791( The)1 206(syntax is similar to the expression syntax of C and ALEF.)10 2323 3 1080 4704 t
( compati\255)1 382( format of and item may be set using the builtin function fmt. Formats are)14 2959( The)1 206(value and a format.)3 773 4 1080 4824 t
( an increment or decrement)4 1099(ble with db\(1\). The format determines how an item will be printed, the stride of)14 3221 2 1080 4944 t
(operation and how many bytes are read or written by the indirection operators.)12 3135 1 1080 5064 t
9 R f
( LE E)2 59( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 5 720 5232 t
10 R f
(To start to debug ls and set a breakpoint:)8 1626 1 1080 5352 t
10 CW f
(% acid /bin/ls)2 840 1 1440 5520 t
(/bin/ls: mips plan 9 executable)4 1860 1 1440 5640 t
(/lib/acid/port)1440 5760 w
(/lib/acid/mips)1440 5880 w
(acid: new\(\))1 660 1 1440 6000 t
( $\25514,R29)1 660( ADD)1 240( _main)1 600(70094 : system call)3 1140 4 1440 6120 t
(acid: bpset\(ls\))1 900 1 1440 6240 t
(acid: cont\(\))1 720 1 1440 6360 t
( $\25516c8,R29)1 780( ADD)1 420( ls)1 480(70094 : breakpoint)2 1080 4 1440 6480 t
(acid:)1440 6600 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 6768 t
10 CW f
(/proc/*/text)1080 6888 w
(/proc/*/mem)1080 7008 w
(/proc/*/ctl)1080 7128 w
(/proc/*/note)1080 7248 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 11)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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38 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( ACID)1 4156(ACID \( 1 \))3 384 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(/lib/acid/$objtype)1080 960 w
(/lib/acid/port)1080 1080 w
($home/lib/acid)1080 1200 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1368 t
10 I f
(2a)1080 1488 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1188 1488 w
10 I f
(2l)1354 1488 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1440 1488 w
10 I f
(mk)1606 1488 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1730 1488 w
10 I f
(db)1896 1488 w
10 R f
(\(1\))2004 1488 w
10 I f
(ACID Manual,)1 594 1 1080 1608 t
10 R f
(Phil Winterbottom)1 748 1 1699 1608 t
( 12)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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39 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( ALEF)1 4150(ALEF \( 1 \))3 390 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(val, kal)1 294 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1399 1080 w
10 R f
(ALEF compilers)1 669 1 1489 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(kal)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1343 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1724 1368 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1840 1368 t
10 R f
(])2181 1368 w
10 CW f
(val)1080 1488 w
10 R f
([)1285 1488 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1343 1488 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1724 1488 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1840 1488 t
10 R f
(])2181 1488 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 R f
( a syntax like C's.)4 723(ALEF is a concurrent programming language with)6 2019 2 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(Kal)3873 1776 w
10 R f
(and)4044 1776 w
10 I f
(val)4214 1776 w
10 R f
(compile the named ALEF)3 1038 1 4362 1776 t
( files have the extension)4 989( Source)1 333(source files into SPARC and MIPS object files.)7 1942 3 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(.l)4375 1896 w
10 R f
( is)1 97( ALEF source)2 572(. The)1 236 3 4495 1896 t
(passed through)1 612 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(cpp)1727 2016 w
10 R f
(\(1\) prior to compilation. Object files have the normal extension for each architecture:)12 3521 1 1879 2016 t
10 CW f
(.k)1080 2136 w
10 R f
(for SPARC and)2 628 1 1225 2136 t
10 CW f
(.v)1878 2136 w
10 R f
(for MIPS.)1 400 1 2023 2136 t
(The compiler options are:)3 1029 1 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 2472 w
10 I f
(obj)1233 2472 w
10 R f
(Place output in file)3 764 1 1584 2472 t
10 I f
(obj)2375 2472 w
10 R f
( is to take the last)5 712( Default)1 352( there is more than one input file\).)7 1380(\(ignored if)1 426 4 2530 2472 t
(element of the input pathname, strip any trailing)7 1926 1 1584 2592 t
10 CW f
(.l)3535 2592 w
10 R f
(, and append)2 507 1 3655 2592 t
10 CW f
(.v)4187 2592 w
10 R f
(or)4332 2592 w
10 CW f
(.k .)1 240 1 4440 2592 t
(\255w)1080 2760 w
10 R f
(Print warning messages for non fatal errors.)6 1749 1 1584 2760 t
10 CW f
(\255N)1080 2928 w
10 R f
(Do not run the code optimizer.)5 1226 1 1584 2928 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 3096 w
10 R f
(Generate code for)2 713 1 1584 3096 t
10 CW f
(check)2322 3096 w
10 R f
(statements.)2647 3096 w
10 CW f
(\255S)1080 3264 w
10 R f
( is to take the last element of the input path\255)10 1884( Default)1 361(Produce assembly language as output.)4 1571 3 1584 3264 t
(name, strip any trailing)3 927 1 1584 3384 t
10 CW f
(.l)2536 3384 w
10 R f
(, and append)2 507 1 2656 3384 t
10 CW f
(.s)3188 3384 w
10 R f
(.)3308 3384 w
10 CW f
(\255Idir)1080 3552 w
10 R f
(The directory)1 540 1 1584 3552 t
10 I f
(dir)2149 3552 w
10 R f
(is added to the front of the include search path.)9 1874 1 2291 3552 t
10 CW f
(\255D)1080 3720 w
10 I f
(name=def)1208 3720 w
10 CW f
(\255D)1080 3840 w
10 I f
(name)1208 3840 w
10 R f
(Define the)1 421 1 1584 3840 t
10 I f
(name)2033 3840 w
10 R f
(to the preprocessor, as if by)5 1118 1 2277 3840 t
10 CW f
(#define)3424 3840 w
10 R f
( no definition is given, the name is)7 1411(. If)1 145 2 3844 3840 t
(defined as)1 407 1 1584 3960 t
10 CW f
(1)2016 3960 w
10 R f
(.)2076 3960 w
10 CW f
(\255I)1080 4128 w
10 I f
(dir)1208 4128 w
10 CW f
(#include)1584 4128 w
10 R f
(files whose names do not begin with)6 1496 1 2095 4128 t
10 CW f
(/)3622 4128 w
10 R f
( of)1 115(are always sought first in the directory)6 1572 2 3713 4128 t
(the)1584 4248 w
10 I f
(file)1741 4248 w
10 R f
( in)1 112(argument, then in directories named)4 1479 2 1904 4248 t
10 CW f
(\255I)3529 4248 w
10 R f
(options, then in)2 638 1 3683 4248 t
10 CW f
(/sys/include/alef)4355 4248 w
10 R f
(,)5375 4248 w
(and finally in)2 533 1 1584 4368 t
10 CW f
(/$objtype/include/alef.)2142 4368 w
(\255d#)1080 4536 w
10 R f
(Produce various forms of debugging. The # is a character in the range a\255z or A\255Z.)15 3255 1 1584 4536 t
9 R f
( LE E)2 59( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 5 720 4704 t
10 R f
(To compile and run on a SPARC the ALEF program in the current directory:)13 3077 1 1080 4824 t
10 CW f
(kal \255w *.l)2 600 1 1440 4992 t
(kl *.k)1 360 1 1440 5112 t
(k.out)1440 5232 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 5400 t
10 CW f
(/sys/include/alef)1080 5520 w
10 R f
(directory for)1 501 1 2280 5520 t
10 CW f
(#include)2806 5520 w
10 R f
(files.)3311 5520 w
10 CW f
(/$objtype/lib/alef)1080 5640 w
10 R f
(directory for ALEF libraries)3 1128 1 2280 5640 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5808 t
10 I f
(2a)1080 5928 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1188 5928 w
10 I f
(2l)1354 5928 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1440 5928 w
10 I f
(rl)1606 5928 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1681 5928 w
10 I f
(mk)1847 5928 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1971 5928 w
10 I f
(nm)2137 5928 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2267 5928 w
10 I f
(db)2433 5928 w
10 R f
(\(1\))2541 5928 w
10 I f
(ALEF Reference Manual,)2 1023 1 1080 6048 t
10 R f
(Phil Winterbottom)1 748 1 2128 6048 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 13)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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40 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( AR)1 4261(AR \( 1 \))3 279 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(ar)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1182 1080 w
10 R f
(archive and library maintainer)3 1205 1 1272 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(ar)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(key)1225 1368 w
10 R f
([)1382 1368 w
10 I f
(posname)1440 1368 w
10 R f
(])1820 1368 w
10 I f
(afile)1878 1368 w
10 R f
([)2081 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2139 1368 t
10 R f
(])2392 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Ar)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( of files combined into a single archive file,)8 1779(maintains groups)1 690 2 1209 1656 t
10 I f
(afile)3708 1656 w
10 R f
( main use of)3 506(. The)1 235 2 3894 1656 t
10 I f
(ar)4665 1656 w
10 R f
(is to create and)3 616 1 4784 1656 t
(update library files for the loaders)5 1355 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(2l)2460 1776 w
10 R f
( can be used, though, for any similar purpose.)8 1822( It)1 111(\(1\), etc.)1 307 3 2546 1776 t
10 I f
(Key)1080 1944 w
10 R f
( from the set)3 508(is one character)2 627 2 1261 1944 t
10 CW f
(drqtpmx,)2423 1944 w
10 R f
(optionally concatenated with one or more of)6 1781 1 2930 1944 t
10 CW f
(vuaibcl.)4738 1944 w
10 R f
(The)5245 1944 w
10 I f
(files)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(are constituents of the archive)4 1197 1 1272 2064 t
10 I f
(afile.)2494 2064 w
10 R f
(The meanings of the)3 818 1 2722 2064 t
10 I f
(key)3565 2064 w
10 R f
(characters are:)1 577 1 3722 2064 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(Delete)1440 2232 w
10 I f
(files)1725 2232 w
10 R f
(from the archive file.)3 842 1 1917 2232 t
10 CW f
(r)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(Replace)1440 2400 w
10 I f
(files)1786 2400 w
10 R f
( modifiers are)2 554( Optional)1 400(in the archive file.)3 726 3 1978 2400 t
10 CW f
(u)1440 2520 w
10 R f
(Replace only files with modified dates later than that of the archive.)11 2712 1 1800 2520 t
10 CW f
(a)1440 2640 w
10 R f
(Place new files after)3 811 1 1800 2640 t
10 I f
(posname)2636 2640 w
10 R f
(in the archive rather than at the end.)7 1435 1 3016 2640 t
10 CW f
(b)1440 2760 w
10 R f
(or)1525 2760 w
10 CW f
(i)1633 2760 w
10 R f
(Place new files before)3 883 1 1800 2760 t
10 I f
(posname)2708 2760 w
10 R f
(in the archive.)2 568 1 3088 2760 t
10 CW f
(q)1080 2928 w
10 R f
(Quick. Append)1 641 1 1440 2928 t
10 I f
(files)2112 2928 w
10 R f
( quadratic)1 403( Avoids)1 346( end of the archive without checking for duplicates.)8 2110(to the)1 231 4 2310 2928 t
(behavior in)1 452 1 1440 3048 t
10 CW f
(for \(i in *.o\) ar r lib.a $i)7 1680 1 1917 3048 t
10 R f
(.)3597 3048 w
10 CW f
(t)1080 3216 w
10 R f
( names are given, only those files are listed.)8 1747( If)1 116(List a table of contents of the archive.)7 1508 3 1440 3216 t
10 CW f
(p)1080 3384 w
10 R f
(Print the named files in the archive.)6 1423 1 1440 3384 t
10 CW f
(m)1080 3552 w
10 R f
(Move the named files to the end or elsewhere, specified as with)11 2539 1 1440 3552 t
10 CW f
(r)4004 3552 w
10 R f
(.)4064 3552 w
10 CW f
(x)1080 3720 w
10 R f
( neither)1 313( In)1 144( no names are given, all files in the archive are extracted.)11 2395( If)1 127(Extract the named files.)3 981 5 1440 3720 t
(case does)1 379 1 1440 3840 t
10 CW f
(x)1844 3840 w
10 R f
(alter the archive file.)3 825 1 1929 3840 t
10 CW f
(v)1080 4008 w
10 R f
( new archive file from the old archive)7 1553( a file\255by\255file description of the making of a)8 1800(Verbose. Give)1 607 3 1440 4008 t
( With)1 251(and the constituent files.)3 980 2 1440 4128 t
10 CW f
(p)2697 4128 w
10 R f
( With)1 251(, precede each file with a name.)6 1268 2 2757 4128 t
10 CW f
(t,)4302 4128 w
10 R f
(give a long listing of all)5 953 1 4447 4128 t
(information about the files, somewhat like a listing by)8 2163 1 1440 4248 t
10 I f
(ls)3628 4248 w
10 R f
(\(1\), showing)1 505 1 3703 4248 t
10 CW f
(mode uid/gid size date name)4 1620 1 1800 4368 t
(c)1080 4536 w
10 R f
(Create. Normally)1 733 1 1440 4536 t
10 I f
(ar)2213 4536 w
10 R f
( new archive when)3 798(will create a)2 517 2 2342 4536 t
10 I f
(afile)3698 4536 w
10 R f
(does not exist, and give a warning.)6 1483 1 3917 4536 t
(Option)1440 4656 w
10 CW f
(c)1743 4656 w
10 R f
(discards any old contents and suppresses the warning.)7 2152 1 1828 4656 t
10 CW f
(l)1080 4824 w
10 R f
(Local. Normally)1 690 1 1440 4824 t
10 I f
(ar)2160 4824 w
10 R f
(places its temporary files in the directory)6 1672 1 2280 4824 t
10 CW f
(/tmp)3983 4824 w
10 R f
( option causes them to)4 918(. This)1 259 2 4223 4824 t
(be placed in the local directory.)5 1258 1 1440 4944 t
9 R f
( LE E)2 59( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 5 720 5112 t
10 CW f
(ar cr lib.a *.o; rl lib.a)5 1500 1 1080 5232 t
10 R f
(Replace the contents of library)4 1225 1 1440 5352 t
10 CW f
(lib.a)2690 5352 w
10 R f
(with the object files in the current directory.)7 1758 1 3015 5352 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 5520 t
10 CW f
(/tmp/v*)1080 5640 w
10 R f
(temporaries)1800 5640 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5808 t
10 I f
(2l)1080 5928 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1166 5928 w
10 I f
(ar)1332 5928 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1429 5928 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6096 t
10 R f
(If the same file is mentioned twice in an argument list, it may be put in the archive twice.)18 3562 1 1080 6216 t
(This command predates Plan 9 and makes some invalid assumptions, for instance that user id's are)15 4320 1 1080 6336 t
(numeric.)1080 6456 w
( 14)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( ART)1 4200(ART \( 1 \))3 340 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(art, art2pic)1 432 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1537 1080 w
10 R f
(edit line\255art)1 463 1 1627 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(art)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 I f
(font)1343 1368 w
10 R f
(])1524 1368 w
10 CW f
(art2pic)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(file)1525 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Art)1080 1824 w
10 R f
( create precise line\255art in the style of)7 1510(is an interactive program to)4 1126 2 1240 1824 t
10 I f
(pic)3909 1824 w
10 R f
( is mostly mouse\255operated,)3 1101(\(1\). It)1 260 2 4039 1824 t
( divides its layer into four areas: a menu bar at the top,)12 2201( It)1 114(with a few commands entered from the keyboard.)7 2005 3 1080 1944 t
( another one\255line rectangle below)4 1375(a one\255line rectangle immediately below for echoing typed\255in characters,)8 2945 2 1080 2064 t
(that for printing messages, and a large area at the bottom for displaying the drawing.)14 3372 1 1080 2184 t
( the)1 150(A small caret whose apex is)5 1127 2 1080 2352 t
10 I f
(current point)1 528 1 2385 2352 t
10 R f
( lines, arcs and other elements of)6 1329( The)1 208(, appears on the screen.)4 942 3 2921 2352 t
( When)1 294( of a sequence of points that define the item.)9 1823(a drawing are constructed by placing the caret at each)9 2203 3 1080 2472 t
( on)1 130( Items)1 277( previous positions.)2 791(the caret moves, two other markers \(a square and a cross\) trail it, showing its)14 3122 4 1080 2592 t
( points on items, like endpoints or intersections, pull harder)9 2464( Important)1 454(the screen near the caret attract it.)6 1402 3 1080 2712 t
(than more mundane points, making precise alignment easy.)7 2372 1 1080 2832 t
(On request,)1 462 1 1080 3000 t
10 I f
(art)1569 3000 w
10 R f
(will automatically construct alignment lines and circles, which it displays more faintly than)12 3686 1 1714 3000 t
( and points in a drawing are)6 1163( lines)1 224( Certain)1 354(items in the drawing.)3 874 4 1080 3120 t
10 I f
(hot)3729 3120 w
10 R f
(.)3865 3120 w
10 I f
(Art)3949 3120 w
10 R f
(constructs circles of given radii)4 1289 1 4111 3120 t
( given slopes at hot points, and parallels at given distances from hot lines and lines at given)17 3834(and lines of)2 486 2 1080 3240 t
( pulled down from the menu bar control what alignment items are con\255)12 2949( Menus)1 333(angles to their endpoints.)3 1038 3 1080 3360 t
( and will be heated or cooled on com\255)8 1556( are automatically heated when added to the drawing)8 2146(structed. Items)1 618 3 1080 3480 t
(mand.)1080 3600 w
( points' on a line segment to which the caret preferentially gravitates are its endpoints and)15 3711(The `important)1 609 2 1080 3768 t
( cor\255)1 189( a box, the)3 431( On)1 177( an arc, the endpoints are important.)6 1466( On)1 177( a circle, the center is important.)6 1316(midpoint. On)1 564 7 1080 3888 t
( piece of text, the corners, mid\255)6 1259( on a)2 196( Likewise,)1 442(ners, the midpoints of the sides and the center are important.)10 2423 4 1080 4008 t
( a spline, the control points are important, and in a)10 2039( On)1 176(points and center of its bounding box are important.)8 2105 3 1080 4128 t
(group, the important points of the group members are important.)9 2578 1 1080 4248 t
( release, the item the caret is touch\255)7 1455( On)1 178( 1 is pressed, the caret follows the mouse cursor.)9 1992(Whenever button)1 695 4 1080 4416 t
( one item touches the caret, clicking button 1 repeat\255)9 2159( more than)2 443( If)1 124(ing, if any, is selected and highlighted.)6 1594 4 1080 4536 t
(edly will cycle through them.)4 1174 1 1080 4656 t
( item is described)3 705( Every)1 289( add new items to the drawing.)6 1235(Pressing button 2 pops up a menu of commands that)9 2091 4 1080 4824 t
(by several)1 409 1 1080 4944 t
10 I f
(control points)1 561 1 1516 4944 t
10 R f
( a third point on the arc,)6 963(: a line by its endpoints, a circular arc by its endpoints and)12 2352 2 2085 4944 t
( to each control point but the last, select\255)8 1663( new item is specified by moving the caret in turn)10 2021( A)1 126(and so forth.)2 510 4 1080 5064 t
( \(Buttons)1 398( 1 to place the caret on the last control point.)10 1808(ing a menu entry with button two, then using button)9 2114 3 1080 5184 t
( caret is being dragged to the last control point,)9 1944( the)1 153( While)1 300(2 and 3 will cancel the command.\))6 1414 4 1080 5304 t
10 I f
(art)4923 5304 w
10 R f
(displays)5072 5304 w
( all cases, after making an addition to the draw\255)9 1923( In)1 136( item on the screen \(``rubber\255banding''\).)5 1632(and updates the)2 629 4 1080 5424 t
( button 2 menu operations are)5 1190( The)1 205(ing, the new item becomes the current selection.)7 1927 3 1080 5544 t
10 CW f
(line)1080 5712 w
10 R f
( two control points are the segment's endpoints.)7 1915( The)1 205(Add a line segment to the drawing.)6 1401 3 1740 5712 t
10 CW f
(circle)1080 5832 w
10 R f
( second is a point on)5 839( The)1 209( first control point is the center.)6 1275( The)1 208(Add a circle to the drawing.)5 1129 5 1740 5832 t
(the circumference.)1 741 1 1740 5952 t
10 CW f
(arc)1080 6072 w
10 R f
( The)1 207( endpoints are the first and third control points.)8 1895( The)1 207( the drawing.)2 528(Add a circular arc to)4 823 5 1740 6072 t
(second control point is an interior point of the arc.)9 2003 1 1740 6192 t
10 CW f
(box)1080 6312 w
10 R f
( two con\255)2 385( The)1 209( horizontal.)1 459( box's sides are vertical and)5 1126( The)1 208(Add a rectangle to the drawing.)5 1273 6 1740 6312 t
(trol points are two diagonally opposite corners.)6 1884 1 1740 6432 t
10 CW f
(spline)1080 6552 w
10 R f
( are a little more)4 690( Splines)1 354( spline.)1 298(Add a spline curve to the drawing, or extend an existing)10 2318 4 1740 6552 t
( the)1 152( If)1 122(complicated than other items because they may have any number of control points.)12 3386 3 1740 6672 t
( is not a spline, there are two control points)9 1798(current selection)1 669 2 1740 6792 t
10 S1 f
(\320)4240 6792 w
10 R f
(the ends of a new spline.)5 1027 1 4373 6792 t
(When a spline is selected, the)5 1221 1 1740 6912 t
10 CW f
(spline)2994 6912 w
10 R f
( the end of the)4 599(button adds a new control point to)6 1414 2 3387 6912 t
(spline closest to the selected point.)5 1388 1 1740 7032 t
10 CW f
(group)1080 7152 w
10 R f
( of)1 112( two control points are the diagonally opposite corners)8 2199( The)1 208(Add a group to the drawing.)5 1141 4 1740 7152 t
( completely contained in the rectangle is made part of the)10 2300( item partially or)3 675( Any)1 224(a rectangle.)1 461 4 1740 7272 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 15)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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42 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( ART)1 4200(ART \( 1 \))3 340 3 720 480 t
( the group acts as a monolithic item and may be moved, deleted or)13 2886(group. Henceforth)1 774 2 1740 960 t
( The)1 206(copied as a unit.)3 655 2 1740 1080 t
10 CW f
(open)2627 1080 w
10 R f
(,)2867 1080 w
10 CW f
(close)2918 1080 w
10 R f
(and)3244 1080 w
10 CW f
(flatten)3414 1080 w
10 R f
(commands \(on button 3\) allow manip\255)5 1540 1 3860 1080 t
( may be nested within other groups.)6 1429( Groups)1 344(ulation of the items within a group.)6 1408 3 1740 1200 t
(Button 3's menu has commands to manipulate the current selection.)9 2714 1 1080 1320 t
10 CW f
(delete)1080 1440 w
10 R f
( the whole drawing is selected,)5 1241( If)1 118( from the drawing.)3 749(Remove the selection)2 862 4 1740 1440 t
10 I f
(art)4737 1440 w
10 R f
(asks for con\255)2 519 1 4881 1440 t
( 1 and 2 cancel the command.)6 1189( Buttons)1 362(firmation by pressing mouse button 3.)5 1522 3 1740 1560 t
10 CW f
(heat)1080 1680 w
10 R f
(Heat the selected item.)3 909 1 1740 1680 t
10 CW f
(copy)1080 1800 w
10 R f
( duplicate must be dragged to its intended posi\255)8 1901( The)1 206( of the selected item.)4 833(Create a duplicate)2 720 4 1740 1800 t
( 2 and 3 cancel the command.)6 1189( Buttons)1 362(tion using button 1.)3 779 3 1740 1920 t
10 CW f
(edit)1080 2040 w
10 R f
( 2 and)2 252( Buttons)1 365( 1 adjusts the point.)4 793( Button)1 326(Change the indicated point of the selected item.)7 1924 5 1740 2040 t
( item and the)3 558( command's behavior depends on the kind of)7 1898( This)1 242(3 cancel the command.)3 962 4 1740 2160 t
(point at which it is selected.)5 1116 1 1740 2280 t
( endpoint, that endpoint moves and the other remains fixed.)9 2513(If a line is selected near an)6 1147 2 1740 2400 t
(Both endpoints of a line selected near its midpoint move)9 2419 1 1740 2520 t
10 S1 f
(\320)4159 2520 w
10 R f
( do not)2 312(its length and slope)3 829 2 4259 2520 t
(change.)1740 2640 w
( its)1 127( selected on)2 483( If)1 122(If a circle selected at its center, it translates without changing its radius.)12 2928 4 1740 2760 t
(circumference, its radius changes but its center remains fixed.)8 2466 1 1740 2880 t
(The control point of an arc or spline nearest the selection point is modified.)13 3007 1 1740 3000 t
( If)1 138( that corner moves and the other remains fixed.)8 2058(If a box is selected near a corner,)7 1464 3 1740 3120 t
( but the opposite edge remains fixed.)6 1503(selected near the middle of an edge, the edge moves,)9 2157 2 1740 3240 t
(If selected near its center, the whole box moves without changing its size or shape.)14 3305 1 1740 3360 t
(A group or a piece of text translates, regardless of the selection point.)12 2772 1 1740 3480 t
10 CW f
(open)1080 3600 w
10 R f
( commands now operate on the members of the group.)9 2174( All)1 178(The selection must be a group.)5 1226 3 1740 3600 t
10 CW f
(close)1080 3720 w
10 R f
( changes made while it was open are prop\255)8 1725( Any)1 225( group is closed.)3 664(The most\255recently opened)2 1046 4 1740 3720 t
(agated to other copies.)3 898 1 1740 3840 t
10 CW f
(flatten)1080 3960 w
10 R f
( group are inserted in its place in the draw\255)9 1728( items in the)3 495( The)1 206(The selection must be a group.)5 1231 4 1740 3960 t
( undoes the effect of the)5 996(ing. This)1 388 2 1740 4080 t
10 CW f
(group)3156 4080 w
10 R f
( copies of the group are unaf\255)6 1210(command. Other)1 702 2 3488 4080 t
(fected.)1740 4200 w
(Keyboard commands:)1 879 1 1080 4320 t
10 CW f
(t text)1 360 1 1080 4440 t
10 R f
( text is in the current font and is drawn centered on the caret.)13 2422( The)1 205(Add text to the drawing.)4 974 3 1740 4440 t
10 CW f
(f)1080 4560 w
10 I f
(name)1208 4560 w
10 R f
(Set the current typeface.)3 1116 1 1740 4560 t
10 I f
(Name)2956 4560 w
10 R f
( of)1 158( Subdirectories)1 677(is the name of a font file.)6 1301 3 3264 4560 t
10 CW f
(/lib/font/bit)1740 4680 w
10 R f
(contain many appropriate fonts.)3 1270 1 2545 4680 t
10 CW f
(D)1080 4800 w
10 R f
(Redraw the display.)2 796 1 1740 4800 t
10 CW f
(q)1080 4920 w
10 R f
(Quit.)1740 4920 w
10 I f
(Art)1993 4920 w
10 R f
(exits, without asking for confirmation.)4 1538 1 2146 4920 t
10 CW f
(w)1080 5040 w
10 I f
([file])1208 5040 w
10 R f
(Write the drawing into a file in)6 1243 1 1740 5040 t
10 I f
(art)3009 5040 w
10 R f
(format.)3152 5040 w
10 I f
(File)3494 5040 w
10 R f
(defaults to the last file mentioned in a read)8 1719 1 3681 5040 t
(or write command.)2 757 1 1740 5160 t
10 I f
(Art)2547 5160 w
10 R f
(files may be converted to)4 1009 1 2700 5160 t
10 I f
(pic)3734 5160 w
10 R f
(\(1\) format by the)3 679 1 3864 5160 t
10 I f
(art2pic)4568 5160 w
10 R f
(command.)4882 5160 w
10 CW f
(r)1080 5280 w
10 I f
([file])1208 5280 w
10 R f
(Read a drawing from a file.)5 1112 1 1740 5280 t
10 I f
(File)2905 5280 w
10 R f
( write com\255)2 468(defaults to the last file mentioned in a read or)9 1838 2 3094 5280 t
(mand.)1740 5400 w
10 CW f
(c)1080 5520 w
10 R f
( hot item is cooled.)4 764( Every)1 288(Cool everything.)1 672 3 1740 5520 t
10 CW f
(a)1080 5640 w
10 R f
( entire drawing is selected.)4 1067( The)1 205(Select all items.)2 636 3 1740 5640 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 5760 w
10 R f
( The)1 214(Drop anchor.)1 535 2 1740 5760 t
10 I f
(anchor)2523 5760 w
10 R f
( fixed point for the not\255yet\255implemented rotate and scale)8 2337(is the)1 223 2 2840 5760 t
(commands.)1740 5880 w
(Menus pulled down from the menu bar contain commands that alter how)11 2910 1 1080 6000 t
10 I f
(art)4015 6000 w
10 R f
(responds to user interaction.)3 1126 1 4157 6000 t
10 CW f
(slopes)1080 6120 w
10 R f
( that)1 184( Those)1 303( entries in this menu are numbers, representing angles in degrees.)10 2696(Most of the)2 477 4 1740 6120 t
( horizontal of alignment lines constructed at)6 1777(are marked with a star are the inclination from)8 1883 2 1740 6240 t
( The)1 229( a number toggles the star on and off.)8 1673( Selecting)1 445(each hot point of the drawing.)5 1313 4 1740 6360 t
10 CW f
(measure)1740 6480 w
10 R f
( points)1 285(button measures the slope of the line connecting the most recent two)11 2914 2 2201 6480 t
( corresponding new entry is)4 1177( measurement is printed, and a)5 1300( The)1 221(selected with the caret.)3 962 4 1740 6600 t
(made in the menu.)3 738 1 1740 6720 t
10 CW f
(angles)1080 6840 w
10 R f
( much like the)3 590(This menu behaves)2 783 2 1740 6840 t
10 CW f
(slopes)3145 6840 w
10 R f
( marked with a star are angles at)7 1337(menu. Items)1 526 2 3537 6840 t
( The)1 207( drawn through the endpoints of hot lines.)7 1685(which alignment lines are)3 1038 3 1740 6960 t
10 CW f
(measure)4697 6960 w
10 R f
(button)5144 6960 w
(measures the angle indicated by the most recent three points selected with the caret.)13 3343 1 1740 7080 t
( 16)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( ART)1 4200(ART \( 1 \))3 340 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(parallels)1080 960 w
10 R f
( are distances at which alignment lines are drawn parallel to hot)11 2641(Items marked with a star)4 1019 2 1740 960 t
(lines. The)1 435 1 1740 1080 t
10 CW f
(measure)2216 1080 w
10 R f
(button measures the distance between the most recent two points)9 2723 1 2677 1080 t
( but the program believes the)5 1227( are nominally in inches,)4 1033( Distances)1 450(selected with the caret.)3 950 4 1740 1200 t
(display pitch to be 100 pixels per inch.)7 1549 1 1740 1320 t
10 CW f
(circles)1080 1440 w
10 R f
( circles drawn with centers at hot points.)7 1698(Items marked with a star are radii of alignment)8 1962 2 1740 1440 t
(The)1740 1560 w
10 CW f
(measure)1929 1560 w
10 R f
( between the most recent two points selected)7 1839(button measures the distance)3 1178 2 2383 1560 t
(with the caret.)2 568 1 1740 1680 t
10 CW f
(grid)1080 1800 w
10 R f
( have labels like)3 667( They)1 262( rectangular grid of gravitating points.)5 1555(Items in this menu activate a)5 1176 4 1740 1800 t
10 CW f
(0,0+.1,.1)1740 1920 w
10 R f
( on the grid; the other)5 888( first pair of numbers is the coordinate of a point)10 1996(. The)1 236 3 2280 1920 t
(pair is the)2 426 1 1740 2040 t
10 I f
(x)2207 2040 w
10 R f
(and)2292 2040 w
10 I f
(y)2477 2040 w
10 R f
( The)1 221(displacements of other points.)3 1247 2 2562 2040 t
10 CW f
(off)4072 2040 w
10 R f
(item disables the grid \(the)4 1106 1 4294 2040 t
(default situation\).)1 713 1 1740 2160 t
10 CW f
(Measure)2511 2160 w
10 R f
( last two positions)3 747(creates a custom\255measured grid using the)5 1689 2 2964 2160 t
(of the caret as diagonally adjacent grid\255points.)6 1849 1 1740 2280 t
10 CW f
(gravity)1080 2400 w
10 R f
( the)1 153(The starred entry on this menu is the maximum distance that the caret will move from)15 3507 2 1740 2400 t
(mouse cursor to snap to an item on the screen.)9 1847 1 1740 2520 t
10 CW f
(heating)1080 2640 w
10 R f
(The)1740 2640 w
10 CW f
(heat new)1 487 1 1927 2640 t
10 R f
( are automatically heated when created or)6 1709(button toggles whether objects)3 1245 2 2446 2640 t
( item is marked with a `*' if set, as it is initially.)12 1922(modified. The)1 591 2 1740 2760 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2928 t
10 I f
(tweak)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1321 3048 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3216 t
10 R f
( intersections of splines with circles or)6 1585( compute)1 376( Doesn't)1 373(Only works on 2\255bit displays \(gnot, nextstation.\))6 1986 4 1080 3336 t
( it)1 97( Because)1 398( construction lines in files.)4 1122( save)1 219( Doesn't)1 383( filled regions, line styles or arrowheads.)6 1727(arcs. No)1 374 7 1080 3456 t
( slowly in large draw\255)4 912( Tracks)1 330(draws in xor mode when rubber\255banding, lines can momentarily disappear.)9 3078 3 1080 3576 t
(ings.)1080 3696 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 17)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( ASCII)1 4139(ASCII \( 1 \))3 401 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(ascii, unicode)1 549 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1654 1080 w
10 R f
(interpret ASCII, Unicode characters)3 1440 1 1744 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(ascii)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 CW f
(\2558)1463 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1608 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255oxdb)1724 1368 w
10 I f
(n)2032 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2107 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255nct)2223 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2488 1368 t
10 I f
(text)2604 1368 w
10 R f
(])2773 1368 w
10 CW f
(unicode)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(hexmin)1525 1536 w
10 R f
(\255)1821 1536 w
10 I f
(hexmax)1862 1536 w
10 CW f
(unicode)1080 1704 w
10 R f
([)1525 1704 w
10 CW f
(\255t)1583 1704 w
10 R f
(])1728 1704 w
10 I f
(hex)1786 1704 w
10 R f
( ])1 83([ ...)1 133 2 1949 1704 t
10 CW f
(unicode)1080 1872 w
10 R f
([)1525 1872 w
10 CW f
(\255n)1583 1872 w
10 R f
(])1728 1872 w
10 I f
(characters)1786 1872 w
10 CW f
(look)1080 2040 w
10 I f
(hex)1345 2040 w
10 CW f
(/lib/unicode)1508 2040 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2208 t
10 I f
(Ascii)1080 2328 w
10 R f
(prints the)1 391 1 1321 2328 t
9 R f
(ASCII)1751 2328 w
10 R f
(values corresponding to characters and)4 1615 1 2027 2328 t
10 I f
(vice versa)1 417 1 3683 2328 t
10 R f
(; under the)2 459 1 4108 2328 t
10 CW f
(\2558)4608 2328 w
10 R f
(option, the)1 445 1 4770 2328 t
9 R f
(ISO)5255 2328 w
10 R f
( are interpreted in a settable numeric base;)7 1729( values)1 287( The)1 212(Latin\2551 extensions \(codes 0200\2550377\) are included.)5 2092 4 1080 2448 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 2568 w
10 R f
(specifies octal,)1 593 1 1225 2568 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1843 2568 w
10 R f
(decimal,)1988 2568 w
10 CW f
(\255x)2354 2568 w
10 R f
(hexadecimal \(the default\), and)3 1213 1 2499 2568 t
10 CW f
(\255b)3737 2568 w
10 I f
(n)3865 2568 w
10 R f
(base)3940 2568 w
10 I f
(n.)4142 2568 w
10 R f
(With no arguments,)2 793 1 1080 2736 t
10 I f
(ascii)1899 2736 w
10 R f
( of)1 110( Characters)1 478( the character set in the specified base.)7 1548(prints a table of)3 627 4 2114 2736 t
10 I f
(text)4904 2736 w
10 R f
(are con\255)1 325 1 5075 2736 t
(verted to their)2 564 1 1080 2856 t
9 R f
(ASCII)1669 2856 w
10 R f
(values, one per line. If, however, the first)7 1657 1 1931 2856 t
10 I f
(text)3615 2856 w
10 R f
( a valid number in the speci\255)6 1143(argument is)1 471 2 3786 2856 t
( printed as two\255 or three\255character)5 1448( characters are)2 610( Control)1 374(fied base, conversion goes the opposite way.)6 1888 4 1080 2976 t
( options are:)2 494(mnemonics. Other)1 763 2 1080 3096 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 3264 w
10 R f
(Force numeric output.)2 885 1 1440 3264 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 3432 w
10 R f
(Force character output.)2 922 1 1440 3432 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 3600 w
10 R f
(Convert from numbers to running text; do not interpret control characters or insert newlines.)13 3689 1 1440 3600 t
10 I f
(Unicode)1080 3768 w
10 R f
( between)1 371(is similar; it converts)3 881 2 1456 3768 t
9 R f
(UTF)2745 3768 w
10 R f
(and Unicode \(see)2 720 1 2954 3768 t
10 I f
(utf)3713 3768 w
10 R f
( given a range of hexadecimal)5 1269(\(6\)\). If)1 304 2 3827 3768 t
(numbers,)1080 3888 w
10 I f
(unicode)1475 3888 w
10 R f
(prints a table of the specified Unicode characters)7 1954 1 1817 3888 t
10 S1 f
(\320)3796 3888 w
10 R f
(their values and)2 632 1 3921 3888 t
9 R f
(UTF)4576 3888 w
10 R f
(representations.)4771 3888 w
(Otherwise it translates from)3 1133 1 1080 4008 t
9 R f
(UTF)2243 4008 w
10 R f
( appearance of the sup\255)4 956(to numeric value or vice versa, depending on the)8 1999 2 2445 4008 t
(plied text; the)2 562 1 1080 4128 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1673 4128 w
10 R f
( converting)1 457( If)1 121( numeric characters.)2 815(option forces numeric output to avoid ambiguity with)7 2183 4 1824 4128 t
(to)1080 4248 w
9 R f
(UTF ,)1 218 1 1183 4248 t
10 R f
(the characters are printed one per line unless the)8 1938 1 1428 4248 t
10 CW f
(\255t)3393 4248 w
10 R f
(flag is set, in which case the output is a single)10 1859 1 3541 4248 t
( Unlike)1 322(string containing only the specified characters.)5 1863 2 1080 4368 t
10 I f
(ascii)3290 4368 w
10 R f
(,)3487 4368 w
10 I f
(unicode)3537 4368 w
10 R f
(treats no characters specially.)3 1174 1 3878 4368 t
(The output of)2 556 1 1080 4536 t
10 I f
(ascii)1667 4536 w
10 R f
(and)1887 4536 w
10 I f
(unicode)2062 4536 w
10 R f
( if the characters printed are not available in the current)10 2280(may be unhelpful)2 711 2 2409 4536 t
(font.)1080 4656 w
(The file)1 314 1 1080 4824 t
10 CW f
(/lib/unicode)1420 4824 w
10 R f
(contains a table of characters and descriptions, sorted in hexadecimal order, suit\255)11 3234 1 2166 4824 t
(able for)1 307 1 1080 4944 t
10 I f
(look)1412 4944 w
10 R f
(\(1\) on the lowercase)3 811 1 1592 4944 t
10 I f
(hex)2428 4944 w
10 R f
(values of characters.)2 816 1 2591 4944 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 5112 t
10 CW f
(ascii \255d)1 480 1 1080 5232 t
10 R f
(Print the)1 342 1 1440 5352 t
9 R f
(ASCII)1805 5352 w
10 R f
(table base 10.)2 546 1 2065 5352 t
10 CW f
(unicode p)1 540 1 1080 5520 t
10 R f
(Print the hex value of `p'.)5 1026 1 1440 5640 t
10 CW f
(unicode 2300)1 720 1 1080 5808 t
10 R f
(Show which character is hex 2300.)5 1397 1 1440 5928 t
10 CW f
(unicode 2300\255232c)1 1020 1 1080 6096 t
10 R f
(Print a table of miscellaneous technical characters.)6 2020 1 1440 6216 t
10 CW f
(look 039 /lib/unicode)2 1260 1 1080 6384 t
10 R f
(See the start of the Greek alphabet's encoding in Unicode.)9 2328 1 1440 6504 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 6672 t
10 CW f
(/lib/unicode)1080 6792 w
10 R f
(table of characters and descriptions.)4 1432 1 1920 6792 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6960 t
10 I f
(tcs)1080 7080 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1199 7080 w
10 I f
(utf)1365 7080 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)1479 7080 w
10 I f
(font)1645 7080 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1809 7080 w
( 18)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( AWK)1 4162(AWK \( 1 \))3 378 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(awk)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1271 1080 w
10 R f
(pattern\255directed scanning and processing language)4 2017 1 1361 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(awk)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255F)1343 1368 w
10 I f
(fs)1471 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1563 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255v)1679 1368 w
10 I f
(var=value)1824 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2266 1368 t
10 I f
(prog)2382 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2596 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2712 1368 t
10 R f
(])2965 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Awk)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(scans each input)2 658 1 1279 1656 t
10 I f
(file)1964 1656 w
10 R f
( that match any of a set of patterns specified literally in)11 2232(for lines)1 332 2 2119 1656 t
10 I f
(prog)4711 1656 w
10 R f
(or in one or)3 472 1 4928 1656 t
( specified as)2 503(more files)1 408 2 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255f)2021 1776 w
10 I f
(file)2171 1776 w
10 R f
( each pattern there can be an associated action that will be performed)12 2813(. With)1 280 2 2307 1776 t
(when a line of a)4 649 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(file)1757 1896 w
10 R f
( matched against the pattern portion of every pattern\255)8 2155( line is)2 273( Each)1 252(matches the pattern.)2 807 4 1913 1896 t
( file name)2 411( The)1 211( each matched pattern.)3 915(action statement; the associated action is performed for)7 2253 4 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(\255)4901 2016 w
10 R f
(means the)1 408 1 4992 2016 t
( Any)1 223(standard input.)1 595 2 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(file)1924 2136 w
10 R f
(of the form)2 453 1 2078 2136 t
10 I f
(var=value)2558 2136 w
10 R f
(is treated as an assignment, not a file name, and is executed)11 2398 1 3002 2136 t
( option)1 287( The)1 211( a file name.)3 511(at the time it would have been opened if it were)10 1972 4 1080 2256 t
10 CW f
(\255v)4092 2256 w
10 R f
(followed by)1 486 1 4243 2256 t
10 I f
(var=value)4760 2256 w
10 R f
(is an)1 192 1 5208 2256 t
(assignment to be done before)4 1170 1 1080 2376 t
10 I f
(prog)2275 2376 w
10 R f
(is executed; any number of)4 1081 1 2489 2376 t
10 CW f
(\255v)3595 2376 w
10 R f
(options may be present.)3 949 1 3740 2376 t
(An input line is made up of fields separated by white space, or by regular expression)15 3512 1 1080 2544 t
10 CW f
(FS)4627 2544 w
10 R f
( fields are)2 413(. The)1 240 2 4747 2544 t
(denoted)1080 2664 w
10 CW f
($1)1421 2664 w
10 R f
(,)1541 2664 w
10 CW f
($2)1591 2664 w
10 R f
(, ..., while)2 397 1 1711 2664 t
10 CW f
($0)2133 2664 w
10 R f
(refers to the entire line.)4 928 1 2278 2664 t
(A pattern\255action statement has the form)5 1583 1 1080 2832 t
10 I f
(pattern)1440 3000 w
10 CW f
({)1797 3000 w
10 I f
(action)1925 3000 w
10 CW f
(})2243 3000 w
10 R f
(A missing)1 410 1 1080 3168 t
10 CW f
({)1516 3168 w
10 I f
(action)1610 3168 w
10 CW f
(})1894 3168 w
10 R f
( statements are)2 595( Pattern\255action)1 611(means print the line; a missing pattern always matches.)8 2214 3 1980 3168 t
(separated by newlines or semicolons.)4 1489 1 1080 3288 t
( statement can be one of the following:)7 1556( A)1 122(An action is a sequence of statements.)6 1522 3 1080 3456 t
10 CW f
(if\()1080 3624 w
10 I f
(expression)1285 3624 w
10 CW f
(\))1737 3624 w
10 I f
(statement)1822 3624 w
10 R f
([)2230 3624 w
10 CW f
(else)2288 3624 w
10 I f
(statement)2553 3624 w
10 R f
(])2961 3624 w
10 CW f
(while\()1080 3744 w
10 I f
(expression)1465 3744 w
10 CW f
(\))1917 3744 w
10 I f
(statement)2002 3744 w
10 CW f
(for\()1080 3864 w
10 I f
(expression)1345 3864 w
10 CW f
(;)1797 3864 w
10 I f
(expression)1882 3864 w
10 CW f
(;)2334 3864 w
10 I f
(expression)2419 3864 w
10 CW f
(\))2871 3864 w
10 I f
(statement)2956 3864 w
10 CW f
(for\()1080 3984 w
10 I f
(var)1345 3984 w
10 CW f
(in)1503 3984 w
10 I f
(array)1648 3984 w
10 CW f
(\))1895 3984 w
10 I f
(statement)1980 3984 w
10 CW f
(do)1080 4104 w
10 I f
(statement)1225 4104 w
10 CW f
(while\()1633 4104 w
10 I f
(expression)2018 4104 w
10 CW f
(\))2470 4104 w
(break)1080 4224 w
(continue)1080 4344 w
({)1080 4464 w
10 R f
([)1165 4464 w
10 I f
(statement ...)1 483 1 1223 4464 t
10 R f
(])1731 4464 w
10 CW f
(})1789 4464 w
10 I f
(expression)1080 4584 w
10 CW f
(#)2520 4584 w
10 R f
(commonly)2605 4584 w
10 I f
(var = expression)2 678 1 3058 4584 t
10 CW f
(print)1080 4704 w
10 R f
([)1405 4704 w
10 I f
(expression\255list)1463 4704 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2071 4704 t
10 CW f
(>)2187 4704 w
10 I f
(expression)2272 4704 w
10 R f
(])2724 4704 w
10 CW f
(printf)1080 4824 w
10 I f
(format)1465 4824 w
10 R f
([)1757 4824 w
10 CW f
(,)1815 4824 w
10 I f
(expression\255list)1900 4824 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2508 4824 t
10 CW f
(>)2624 4824 w
10 I f
(expression)2709 4824 w
10 R f
(])3161 4824 w
10 CW f
(return)1080 4944 w
10 R f
([)1465 4944 w
10 I f
(expression)1523 4944 w
10 R f
(])1975 4944 w
10 CW f
(next #)1 1500 1 1080 5064 t
10 R f
(skip remaining patterns on this input line)6 1639 1 2605 5064 t
10 CW f
(delete)1080 5184 w
10 I f
(array)1465 5184 w
10 CW f
([)1687 5184 w
10 I f
(expression)1772 5184 w
10 CW f
(] #)1 356 1 2224 5184 t
10 R f
(delete an array element)3 927 1 2605 5184 t
10 CW f
(exit)1080 5304 w
10 R f
([)1345 5304 w
10 I f
(expression)1403 5304 w
10 R f
(])1855 5304 w
10 CW f
(#)2520 5304 w
10 R f
(exit immediately; status is)3 1048 1 2605 5304 t
10 I f
(expression)3678 5304 w
10 R f
( empty)1 276( An)1 173( semicolons, newlines or right braces.)5 1511(Statements are terminated by)3 1162 4 1080 5472 t
10 I f
(expression\255list)4228 5472 w
10 R f
(stands for)1 392 1 4837 5472 t
10 CW f
($0)5255 5472 w
10 R f
(.)5375 5472 w
(String constants are quoted)3 1091 1 1080 5592 t
10 CW f
(" ")1 180 1 2198 5592 t
10 R f
( take on string or)4 681( Expressions)1 534(, with the usual C escapes recognized within.)7 1807 3 2378 5592 t
(numeric values as appropriate, and are built using the operators)9 2537 1 1080 5712 t
10 CW f
(+ \255 * / % ^)5 670 1 3643 5712 t
10 R f
(\(exponentiation\), and con\255)2 1060 1 4340 5712 t
( operators)1 399( The)1 208(catenation \(indicated by white space\).)4 1522 3 1080 5832 t
10 CW f
( *= /= %= ^= > >= < <=)8 1336(! ++ \255\255 += \255=)4 792 2 3272 5832 t
(== != && || ?:)4 860 1 1080 5952 t
10 R f
( may be scalars, array elements \(denoted)6 1656( Variables)1 438(are also available in expressions.)4 1335 3 1971 5952 t
10 I f
(x)1080 6072 w
10 CW f
([)1132 6072 w
10 I f
(i)1200 6072 w
10 CW f
(])1236 6072 w
10 I f
(\))1304 6072 w
10 R f
( subscripts may be any string, not neces\255)7 1648( Array)1 286( are initialized to the null string.)6 1304( Variables)1 436(or fields.)1 359 5 1367 6072 t
( subscripts such as)3 771( Multiple)1 405(sarily numeric; this allows for a form of associative memory.)9 2531 3 1080 6192 t
10 CW f
([i,j,k])4823 6192 w
10 R f
(are)5279 6192 w
(permitted; the constituents are concatenated, separated by the value of)9 2799 1 1080 6312 t
10 CW f
(SUBSEP)3904 6312 w
10 R f
(.)4264 6312 w
(The)1080 6480 w
10 CW f
(print)1260 6480 w
10 R f
(statement prints its arguments on the standard output \(or on a file if)12 2692 1 1585 6480 t
10 CW f
(>)4302 6480 w
10 I f
(file)4370 6480 w
10 R f
(or)4523 6480 w
10 CW f
(>>)4631 6480 w
10 I f
(file)4759 6480 w
10 R f
(is present or)2 488 1 4912 6480 t
(on a pipe if)3 467 1 1080 6600 t
10 CW f
(|)1577 6600 w
10 I f
(cmd)1645 6600 w
10 R f
( the output)2 436(is present\), separated by the current output field separator, and terminated by)11 3123 2 1841 6600 t
(record separator.)1 672 1 1080 6720 t
10 I f
(file)1805 6720 w
10 R f
(and)1961 6720 w
10 I f
(cmd)2133 6720 w
10 R f
( literal names or parenthesized expressions; identical string values in)9 2779(may be)1 294 2 2327 6720 t
( The)1 211( file.)1 189(different statements denote the same open)5 1712 3 1080 6840 t
10 CW f
(printf)3223 6840 w
10 R f
(statement formats its expression list accord\255)5 1786 1 3614 6840 t
(ing to the format \(see)4 854 1 1080 6960 t
10 I f
(fprintf)1959 6960 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\))2218 6960 w
10 I f
(.)2375 6960 w
10 R f
(The built\255in function)2 833 1 2450 6960 t
10 CW f
(close\()3308 6960 w
10 I f
(expr)3676 6960 w
10 CW f
(\))3861 6960 w
10 R f
(closes the file or pipe)4 854 1 3946 6960 t
10 I f
(expr)4825 6960 w
10 R f
(.)5010 6960 w
(The mathematical functions)2 1139 1 1080 7128 t
10 CW f
(exp)2256 7128 w
10 R f
(,)2436 7128 w
10 CW f
(log)2498 7128 w
10 R f
(,)2678 7128 w
10 CW f
(sqrt)2740 7128 w
10 R f
(,)2980 7128 w
10 CW f
(sin)3042 7128 w
10 R f
(,)3222 7128 w
10 CW f
(cos)3284 7128 w
10 R f
(, and)1 206 1 3464 7128 t
10 CW f
(atan2)3707 7128 w
10 R f
( built\255in func\255)2 581( Other)1 290(are built in.)2 484 3 4045 7128 t
(tions:)1080 7248 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 19)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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46 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( AWK)1 4162(AWK \( 1 \))3 378 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(length)1080 960 w
10 R f
(the length of its argument taken as a string, or of)10 1939 1 1560 960 t
10 CW f
($0)3524 960 w
10 R f
(if no argument.)2 613 1 3669 960 t
10 CW f
(rand)1080 1080 w
10 R f
(random number on \(0,1\))3 976 1 1560 1080 t
10 CW f
(srand)1080 1200 w
10 R f
(sets seed for)2 493 1 1560 1200 t
10 CW f
(rand)2078 1200 w
10 R f
(and returns the previous seed.)4 1189 1 2343 1200 t
10 CW f
(int)1080 1320 w
10 R f
(truncates to an integer value)4 1125 1 1560 1320 t
10 CW f
(substr\()1080 1440 w
10 I f
(s)1508 1440 w
10 CW f
(,)1555 1440 w
10 I f
(m)1648 1440 w
10 CW f
(,)1728 1440 w
10 I f
(n \))1 108 1 1821 1440 t
10 R f
(the)1560 1560 w
10 I f
(n)1707 1560 w
10 R f
(\255character substring of)2 897 1 1765 1560 t
10 I f
(s)2687 1560 w
10 R f
(that begins at position)3 881 1 2751 1560 t
10 I f
(m)3657 1560 w
10 R f
(counted from 1.)2 635 1 3754 1560 t
10 CW f
(index\()1080 1680 w
10 I f
(s)1448 1680 w
10 CW f
(,)1495 1680 w
10 I f
(t)1588 1680 w
10 CW f
(\))1624 1680 w
10 R f
(the position in)2 573 1 1560 1800 t
10 I f
(s)2158 1800 w
10 R f
(where the string)2 643 1 2222 1800 t
10 I f
(t)2890 1800 w
10 R f
(occurs, or 0 if it does not.)6 1021 1 2943 1800 t
10 CW f
(match\()1080 1920 w
10 I f
(s)1448 1920 w
10 CW f
(,)1495 1920 w
10 I f
(r)1588 1920 w
10 CW f
(\))1635 1920 w
10 R f
(the position in)2 611 1 1560 2040 t
10 I f
(s)2215 2040 w
10 R f
(where the regular expression)3 1206 1 2298 2040 t
10 I f
(r)3548 2040 w
10 R f
( variables)1 405( The)1 225( if it does not.)4 633(occurs, or 0)2 506 4 3631 2040 t
10 CW f
(RSTART)1560 2160 w
10 R f
(and)1945 2160 w
10 CW f
(RLENGTH)2114 2160 w
10 R f
(are set to the position and length of the matched string.)10 2195 1 2559 2160 t
10 CW f
(split\()1080 2280 w
10 I f
(s)1448 2280 w
10 CW f
(,)1495 2280 w
10 I f
(a)1588 2280 w
10 CW f
(,)1646 2280 w
10 I f
(fs \))1 125 1 1739 2280 t
10 R f
(splits the string)2 616 1 1560 2400 t
10 I f
(s)2203 2400 w
10 R f
(into array elements)2 771 1 2269 2400 t
10 I f
(a)3068 2400 w
10 CW f
([1])3126 2400 w
10 I f
(, a)1 103 1 3314 2400 t
10 CW f
([2])3425 2400 w
10 I f
(,)3613 2400 w
10 R f
(...,)3666 2400 w
10 I f
(a)3794 2400 w
10 CW f
([)3852 2400 w
10 I f
(n)3920 2400 w
10 CW f
(])3978 2400 w
10 I f
(,)4046 2400 w
10 R f
(and returns)1 449 1 4099 2400 t
10 I f
(n)4576 2400 w
10 R f
( separation is)2 533(. The)1 233 2 4634 2400 t
(done with the regular expression)4 1303 1 1560 2520 t
10 I f
(fs)2888 2520 w
10 R f
(or with the field separator)4 1031 1 2980 2520 t
10 CW f
(FS)4036 2520 w
10 R f
(if)4181 2520 w
10 I f
(fs)4267 2520 w
10 R f
(is not given.)2 492 1 4359 2520 t
10 CW f
(sub\()1080 2640 w
10 I f
(r)1328 2640 w
10 CW f
(,)1375 2640 w
10 I f
(t)1468 2640 w
10 CW f
(,)1504 2640 w
10 I f
(s \))1 97 1 1597 2640 t
10 R f
(substitutes)1560 2760 w
10 I f
(t)2010 2760 w
10 R f
( first occurrence of the regular expression)6 1679(for the)1 265 2 2065 2760 t
10 I f
(r)4037 2760 w
10 R f
(in the string)2 484 1 4104 2760 t
10 I f
(s)4616 2760 w
10 R f
(. If)1 144 1 4663 2760 t
10 I f
(s)4835 2760 w
10 R f
(is not given,)2 498 1 4902 2760 t
10 CW f
($0)1560 2880 w
10 R f
(is used.)1 300 1 1705 2880 t
10 CW f
(gsub)1080 3000 w
10 R f
(same as)1 316 1 1560 3000 t
10 CW f
(sub)1904 3000 w
10 R f
(except that all occurrences of the regular expression are replaced;)9 2637 1 2112 3000 t
10 CW f
(sub)4778 3000 w
10 R f
(and)4987 3000 w
10 CW f
(gsub)5160 3000 w
10 R f
(return the number of replacements.)4 1399 1 1560 3120 t
10 CW f
(sprintf\()1080 3240 w
10 I f
(fmt)1568 3240 w
10 CW f
(,)1704 3240 w
10 I f
(expr)1797 3240 w
10 CW f
(,)1982 3240 w
10 I f
(...\))2075 3240 w
10 R f
(the string resulting from formatting)4 1416 1 1560 3360 t
10 I f
(expr ...)1 277 1 3001 3360 t
10 R f
(according to the)2 643 1 3303 3360 t
10 I f
(printf)3971 3360 w
10 R f
(format)4219 3360 w
10 I f
(fmt)4510 3360 w
10 CW f
(system\()1080 3480 w
10 I f
(cmd)1508 3480 w
10 CW f
(\))1682 3480 w
10 R f
(executes)1560 3600 w
10 I f
(cmd)1928 3600 w
10 R f
(and returns its exit status)4 994 1 2119 3600 t
(The ``function'')1 646 1 1080 3768 t
10 CW f
(getline)1752 3768 w
10 R f
(sets)2198 3768 w
10 CW f
($0)2374 3768 w
10 R f
( input file;)2 421(to the next input record from the current)7 1612 2 2520 3768 t
10 CW f
(getline <)1 507 1 4580 3768 t
10 I f
(file)5095 3768 w
10 R f
(sets)5250 3768 w
10 CW f
($0)1080 3888 w
10 R f
(to the next record from)4 936 1 1229 3888 t
10 I f
(file)2194 3888 w
10 R f
(.)2330 3888 w
10 CW f
(getline)2409 3888 w
10 I f
(x)2858 3888 w
10 R f
(sets variable)1 500 1 2931 3888 t
10 I f
(x)3460 3888 w
10 R f
(instead. Finally,)1 670 1 3533 3888 t
10 I f
(cmd)4231 3888 w
10 CW f
(| getline)1 543 1 4468 3888 t
10 R f
(pipes the)1 361 1 5039 3888 t
(output of)1 364 1 1080 4008 t
10 I f
(cmd)1469 4008 w
10 R f
(into)1660 4008 w
10 CW f
(getline)1841 4008 w
10 R f
(; each call of)3 512 1 2261 4008 t
10 CW f
(getline)2798 4008 w
10 R f
(returns the next line of output from)6 1410 1 3244 4008 t
10 I f
(cmd)4680 4008 w
10 R f
( all cases,)2 387(. In)1 159 2 4854 4008 t
10 CW f
(getline)1080 4128 w
10 R f
(returns 1 for a successful input, 0 for end of file, and)11 2098 1 1525 4128 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3648 4128 w
10 R f
(1 for an error.)3 553 1 3713 4128 t
( combinations \(with)2 808(Patterns are arbitrary Boolean)3 1203 2 1080 4296 t
10 CW f
(! || &&)2 428 1 3120 4296 t
10 R f
(\) of regular expressions and relational expres\255)6 1852 1 3548 4296 t
( expressions are as in)4 860(sions. Regular)1 600 2 1080 4416 t
10 I f
(regexp)2568 4416 w
10 R f
( pattern apply to the entire)5 1061( regular expressions in a)4 982(\(6\). Isolated)1 510 3 2847 4416 t
( expressions may also occur in relational expressions, using the operators)10 2966(line. Regular)1 545 2 1080 4536 t
10 CW f
(~)4620 4536 w
10 R f
(and)4710 4536 w
10 CW f
(!~)4884 4536 w
10 R f
(.)5004 4536 w
10 CW f
(/)5084 4536 w
10 I f
(re)5152 4536 w
10 CW f
(/)5243 4536 w
10 R f
(is)5333 4536 w
( regular expression, except)3 1078(a constant regular expression; any string \(constant or variable\) may be used as a)13 3242 2 1080 4656 t
(in the position of an isolated regular expression in a pattern.)10 2394 1 1080 4776 t
( all)1 135(A pattern may consist of two patterns separated by a comma; in this case, the action is performed for)18 4185 2 1080 4944 t
(lines from an occurrence of the first pattern though an occurrence of the second.)13 3196 1 1080 5064 t
(A relational expression is one of the following:)7 1884 1 1080 5232 t
10 I f
(expression matchop regular\255expression)2 1581 1 1440 5400 t
(expression relop expression)2 1115 1 1440 5520 t
(expression)1440 5640 w
10 CW f
(in)1935 5640 w
10 I f
(array\255name)2123 5640 w
10 CW f
(\()1440 5760 w
10 I f
(expr)1508 5760 w
10 CW f
(,)1693 5760 w
10 I f
(expr,...)1761 5760 w
10 CW f
(\) in)1 240 1 2046 5760 t
10 I f
(array\255name)2354 5760 w
10 R f
(where a relop is any of the six relational operators in C, and a matchop is either)16 3169 1 1080 5928 t
10 CW f
(~)4274 5928 w
10 R f
(\(matches\) or)1 501 1 4359 5928 t
10 CW f
(!~)4885 5928 w
10 R f
(\(does not)1 370 1 5030 5928 t
( expression, a relational expression, or a Boolean combination of)9 2710( conditional is an arithmetic)4 1172(match\). A)1 438 3 1080 6048 t
(these.)1080 6168 w
(The special patterns)2 808 1 1080 6336 t
10 CW f
(BEGIN)1918 6336 w
10 R f
(and)2248 6336 w
10 CW f
(END)2422 6336 w
10 R f
(may be used to capture control before the first input line is read and)13 2768 1 2632 6336 t
(after the last.)2 518 1 1080 6456 t
10 CW f
(BEGIN)1648 6456 w
10 R f
(and)1973 6456 w
10 CW f
(END)2142 6456 w
10 R f
(do not combine with other patterns.)5 1421 1 2347 6456 t
(Variable names with special meanings:)4 1564 1 1080 6624 t
10 CW f
(FS)1080 6792 w
10 R f
(regular expression used to separate fields; also settable by option)9 2593 1 1680 6792 t
10 CW f
(\255F)4298 6792 w
10 I f
(fs.)4426 6792 w
10 CW f
(NF)1080 6912 w
10 R f
(number of fields in the current record)6 1496 1 1680 6912 t
10 CW f
(NR)1080 7032 w
10 R f
(ordinal number of the current record)5 1454 1 1680 7032 t
10 CW f
(FNR)1080 7152 w
10 R f
(ordinal number of the current record in the current file)9 2169 1 1680 7152 t
( 20)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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47 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( AWK)1 4162(AWK \( 1 \))3 378 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(FILENAME)1080 960 w
10 R f
(the name of the current input file)6 1314 1 1680 960 t
10 CW f
(RS)1080 1080 w
10 R f
(input record separator \(default newline\))4 1584 1 1680 1080 t
10 CW f
(OFS)1080 1200 w
10 R f
(output field separator \(default blank\))4 1469 1 1680 1200 t
10 CW f
(ORS)1080 1320 w
10 R f
(output record separator \(default newline\))4 1634 1 1680 1320 t
10 CW f
(OFMT)1080 1440 w
10 R f
(output format for numbers \(default)4 1392 1 1680 1440 t
10 CW f
(%.6g)3097 1440 w
10 R f
(\))3337 1440 w
10 CW f
(SUBSEP)1080 1560 w
10 R f
(separates multiple subscripts \(default 034\))4 1692 1 1680 1560 t
10 CW f
(ARGC)1080 1680 w
10 R f
(argument count, assignable)2 1090 1 1680 1680 t
10 CW f
(ARGV)1080 1800 w
10 R f
(argument array, assignable; non\255null members are taken as file names)9 2788 1 1680 1800 t
10 CW f
(ENVIRON)1080 1920 w
10 R f
(array of environment variables; subscripts are names.)6 2131 1 1680 1920 t
(Functions may be defined \(at the position of a pattern\255action statement\) thus:)11 3077 1 1080 2088 t
10 CW f
(function foo\(a, b, c\) { ...; return x })8 2340 1 1440 2256 t
10 R f
(Parameters are passed by value if scalar and by reference if array name; functions may be called recur\255)17 4320 1 1080 2424 t
( local variables may be cre\255)5 1104( Thus)1 251( global.)1 301( are local to the function; all other variables are)9 1905(sively. Parameters)1 759 5 1080 2544 t
(ated by providing excess parameters in the function definition.)8 2499 1 1080 2664 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 2832 t
10 CW f
(length > 72)2 660 1 1080 2952 t
10 R f
(Print lines longer than 72 characters.)5 1464 1 1440 3072 t
10 CW f
({ print $2, $1 })4 960 1 1080 3240 t
10 R f
(Print first two fields in opposite order.)6 1530 1 1440 3360 t
10 CW f
(BEGIN { FS = ",[ \\t]*|[ \\t]+" })7 1860 1 1080 3528 t
({ print $2, $1 })4 960 1 1440 3648 t
10 R f
(Same, with input fields separated by comma and/or blanks and tabs.)10 2719 1 1440 3768 t
10 CW f
({ s += $1 })4 660 1 1440 3936 t
( print "sum is", s, " average is", s/NR })9 2460(END {)1 420 2 1080 4056 t
10 R f
(Add up first column, print sum and average.)7 1767 1 1440 4176 t
10 CW f
(/start/, /stop/)1 900 1 1080 4344 t
10 R f
(Print all lines between start/stop pairs.)5 1527 1 1440 4464 t
10 CW f
( Simulate echo\(1\))2 1020( #)1 360(BEGIN {)1 420 3 1080 4632 t
(for \(i = 1; i < ARGC; i++\) printf "%s ", ARGV[i])11 2880 1 1440 4752 t
(printf "\\n")1 660 1 1440 4872 t
(exit })1 360 1 1440 4992 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5160 t
10 I f
(sed)1080 5280 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1221 5280 w
10 I f
(regexp)1387 5280 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)1666 5280 w
(A. V. Aho, B. W. Kernighan, P. J. Weinberger,)8 1888 1 1080 5400 t
10 I f
(The AWK Programming Language,)3 1422 1 2993 5400 t
10 R f
(Addison\255Wesley, 1988.)1 946 1 4440 5400 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5568 t
10 R f
( treated as a)3 497( force an expression to be)5 1057( To)1 168(There are no explicit conversions between numbers and strings.)8 2598 4 1080 5688 t
(number add 0 to it; to force it to be treated as a string concatenate)14 2617 1 1080 5808 t
10 CW f
("")3722 5808 w
10 R f
(to it.)1 184 1 3867 5808 t
(The scope rules for variables in functions are a botch; the syntax is worse.)13 2955 1 1080 5928 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 21)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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48 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( BASENAME)1 3850(BASENAME \( 1 \))3 690 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(basename)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1498 1080 w
10 R f
(strip file name affixes)3 873 1 1588 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(basename)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(string)1585 1368 w
10 R f
([)1844 1368 w
10 I f
(suffix)1902 1368 w
10 R f
(])2144 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Basename)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(deletes any prefix ending in)4 1109 1 1515 1656 t
10 CW f
(/)2649 1656 w
10 R f
(and the)1 291 1 2734 1656 t
10 I f
(suffix,)3050 1656 w
10 R f
(if present in)2 477 1 3317 1656 t
10 I f
(string,)3819 1656 w
10 R f
(from)4103 1656 w
10 I f
(string,)4322 1656 w
10 R f
(and prints the result)3 794 1 4606 1656 t
(on the standard output.)3 916 1 1080 1776 t
( 22)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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49 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( BC)1 4266(BC \( 1 \))3 274 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(bc)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1199 1080 w
10 R f
(arbitrary\255precision arithmetic language)2 1557 1 1289 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bc)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255c)1283 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1428 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1544 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1689 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1805 1368 t
10 R f
(])2058 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Bc)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( for a language that resembles C but provides arithmetic on numbers of arbi\255)13 3131(is an interactive processor)3 1054 2 1215 1656 t
( files given, then reads)4 913( takes input from any)4 865( It)1 115(trary length with up to 100 digits right of the decimal point.)11 2427 4 1080 1776 t
( The)1 212(the standard input.)2 755 2 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(\255l)2079 1896 w
10 R f
( fol\255)1 177( The)1 213( library.)1 324(argument stands for the name of an arbitrary precision math)9 2455 4 2231 1896 t
( for)1 151(lowing syntax)1 575 2 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(bc)1841 2016 w
10 R f
(programs is like that of C;)5 1097 1 1970 2016 t
10 I f
(L)3102 2016 w
10 R f
(means letter)1 495 1 3193 2016 t
10 CW f
(a)3723 2016 w
10 R f
(\255)3783 2016 w
10 CW f
(z)3816 2016 w
10 R f
(,)3876 2016 w
10 I f
(E)3936 2016 w
10 R f
(means expression,)1 742 1 4032 2016 t
10 I f
(S)4809 2016 w
10 R f
(means state\255)1 506 1 4894 2016 t
(ment.)1080 2136 w
(Lexical)1080 2304 w
(comments are enclosed in)3 1034 1 1740 2424 t
10 CW f
(/* */)1 300 1 2799 2424 t
10 R f
(newlines end statements)2 971 1 1740 2544 t
(Names)1080 2664 w
(simple variables:)1 680 1 1740 2784 t
10 I f
(L)2445 2784 w
10 R f
(array elements:)1 612 1 1740 2904 t
10 I f
(L)2377 2904 w
10 CW f
([)2441 2904 w
10 I f
(E)2509 2904 w
10 CW f
(])2578 2904 w
10 R f
(The words)1 424 1 1740 3024 t
10 CW f
(ibase)2189 3024 w
10 R f
(,)2489 3024 w
10 CW f
(obase)2539 3024 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 2839 3024 t
10 CW f
(scale)3058 3024 w
10 R f
( long numbers with optional sign and decimal point.)8 2086( arbitrarily)1 447(Other operands)1 612 3 1080 3144 t
10 CW f
(\()1740 3264 w
10 I f
(E)1808 3264 w
10 CW f
(\))1877 3264 w
(sqrt\()1740 3384 w
10 I f
(E)2048 3384 w
10 CW f
(\))2117 3384 w
(length\()1740 3504 w
10 I f
(E)2168 3504 w
10 CW f
(\))2237 3504 w
10 R f
(number of significant decimal digits)4 1449 1 2100 3624 t
10 CW f
(scale\()1740 3744 w
10 I f
(E)2108 3744 w
10 CW f
(\))2177 3744 w
10 R f
(number of digits right of decimal point)6 1555 1 2100 3864 t
10 I f
(L)1740 3984 w
10 CW f
(\()1804 3984 w
10 I f
(E)1872 3984 w
10 CW f
(,)1941 3984 w
10 I f
(...)2009 3984 w
10 CW f
(,)2092 3984 w
10 I f
(E)2152 3984 w
10 CW f
(\))2213 3984 w
10 R f
(function call)1 502 1 2100 4104 t
(Operators)1080 4224 w
10 CW f
(+ \255 * / % ^)5 960 1 1740 4344 t
10 R f
(\()2785 4344 w
10 CW f
(%)2818 4344 w
10 R f
(is remainder;)1 524 1 2903 4344 t
10 CW f
(^)3452 4344 w
10 R f
(is power\))1 374 1 3537 4344 t
10 CW f
(++ \255\255)1 360 1 1740 4464 t
(== <= >= != < >)5 1200 1 1740 4584 t
(= += \255= *= /= %= ^=)6 1500 1 1740 4704 t
10 R f
(Statements)1080 4824 w
10 I f
(E)1740 4944 w
10 CW f
({)1740 5064 w
10 I f
(S)1825 5064 w
10 CW f
(;)1900 5064 w
10 R f
(...)1985 5064 w
10 CW f
(;)2110 5064 w
10 I f
(S)2195 5064 w
10 CW f
(})2270 5064 w
(print)1740 5184 w
10 I f
(E)2065 5184 w
10 CW f
(if \()1 240 1 1740 5304 t
10 I f
(E)2005 5304 w
10 CW f
(\))2091 5304 w
10 I f
(S)2176 5304 w
10 CW f
(while \()1 420 1 1740 5424 t
10 I f
(E)2185 5424 w
10 CW f
(\))2271 5424 w
10 I f
(S)2356 5424 w
10 CW f
(for \()1 300 1 1740 5544 t
10 I f
(E)2065 5544 w
10 CW f
(;)2151 5544 w
10 I f
(E)2236 5544 w
10 CW f
(;)2322 5544 w
10 I f
(E)2407 5544 w
10 CW f
(\))2493 5544 w
10 I f
(S)2578 5544 w
10 R f
(null statement)1 564 1 1740 5664 t
10 CW f
(break)1740 5784 w
(quit)1740 5904 w
(")1740 6024 w
10 R f
(text)1800 6024 w
10 CW f
(")1950 6024 w
10 R f
(Function definitions)1 809 1 1080 6144 t
10 CW f
(define)1740 6264 w
10 I f
(L)2125 6264 w
10 CW f
(\()2206 6264 w
10 I f
(L)2291 6264 w
10 CW f
(,)2372 6264 w
10 R f
(...)2457 6264 w
10 CW f
(,)2582 6264 w
10 I f
(L)2667 6264 w
10 CW f
(\){)2748 6264 w
(auto)1740 6384 w
10 I f
(L)2005 6384 w
10 CW f
(,)2086 6384 w
10 R f
(...)2171 6384 w
10 CW f
(,)2296 6384 w
10 I f
(L)2381 6384 w
(S)1740 6504 w
10 CW f
(;)1815 6504 w
10 R f
(...)1900 6504 w
10 CW f
(;)2025 6504 w
10 I f
(S)2110 6504 w
10 CW f
(return)1740 6624 w
10 I f
(E)2125 6624 w
10 CW f
(})1740 6744 w
10 R f
(Functions in)1 498 1 1080 6864 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1740 6864 w
10 R f
(math library)1 491 1 1885 6864 t
10 CW f
(s\()1740 6984 w
10 I f
(x)1868 6984 w
10 CW f
(\))1920 6984 w
10 R f
(sine)2100 6984 w
10 CW f
(c\()1740 7104 w
10 I f
(x)1868 7104 w
10 CW f
(\))1920 7104 w
10 R f
(cosine)2100 7104 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 23)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( BC)1 4266(BC \( 1 \))3 274 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(e\()1740 960 w
10 I f
(x)1868 960 w
10 CW f
(\))1920 960 w
10 R f
(exponential)2100 960 w
10 CW f
(l\()1740 1080 w
10 I f
(x)1868 1080 w
10 CW f
(\))1920 1080 w
10 R f
(log)2100 1080 w
10 CW f
(a\()1740 1200 w
10 I f
(x)1868 1200 w
10 CW f
(\))1920 1200 w
10 R f
(arctangent)2100 1200 w
10 CW f
(j\()1740 1320 w
10 I f
(n, x)1 144 1 1868 1320 t
10 CW f
(\))2020 1320 w
10 R f
(Bessel function)1 619 1 2100 1440 t
(All function arguments are passed by value.)6 1755 1 1080 1560 t
( in)1 113( Text)1 243( main operator is an assignment.)5 1343(The value of an expression at the top level is printed unless the)12 2621 4 1080 1728 t
( semicolons or newlines may separate state\255)6 1830( Either)1 307( also printed.)2 545(quotes, which may include newlines, is)5 1638 4 1080 1848 t
( to)1 104(ments. Assignment)1 793 2 1080 1968 t
10 CW f
(scale)2003 1968 w
10 R f
( in the)2 254(influences the number of digits to be retained on arithmetic operations)10 2817 2 2329 1968 t
(manner of)1 407 1 1080 2088 t
10 I f
(dc)1512 2088 w
10 R f
( to)1 103(\(1\). Assignments)1 708 2 1614 2088 t
10 CW f
(ibase)2450 2088 w
10 R f
(or)2775 2088 w
10 CW f
(obase)2883 2088 w
10 R f
(set the input and output number radix respectively.)7 2031 1 3208 2088 t
( variables are)2 533( All)1 179( a simple variable simultaneously.)4 1367(The same letter may be used as an array, a function, and)11 2241 4 1080 2256 t
( a declaration of an)4 788( In)1 139( variables are pushed down during function calls.)7 2005( Automatic)1 479(global to the program.)3 909 5 1080 2376 t
(array as a function argument or automatic variable empty square brackets must follow the array name.)15 4079 1 1080 2496 t
10 I f
(Bc)1080 2664 w
10 R f
(is actually a preprocessor for)4 1156 1 1211 2664 t
10 I f
(dc)2393 2664 w
10 R f
(\(1\), which it invokes automatically, unless the)6 1855 1 2495 2664 t
10 CW f
(\255c)4377 2664 w
10 R f
(\(compile only\) option)2 876 1 4524 2664 t
( this case the)3 513( In)1 133(is present.)1 405 3 1080 2784 t
10 I f
(dc)2156 2784 w
10 R f
(input is sent to the standard output instead.)7 1711 1 2275 2784 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 2952 t
10 R f
( \(The)1 252( 10 values.)2 458( it to print)3 437( Use)1 218(Define a function to compute an approximate value of the exponential.)10 2955 5 1080 3072 t
(exponential function in the library gives better answers.\))7 2257 1 1080 3192 t
10 CW f
(scale = 20)2 600 1 1080 3360 t
(define e\(x\) {)2 780 1 1080 3480 t
(auto a, b, c, i, s)5 1080 1 1440 3600 t
(a = 1)2 300 1 1440 3720 t
(b = 1)2 300 1 1440 3840 t
(s = 1)2 300 1 1440 3960 t
(for\(i=1; 1; i++\) {)3 1080 1 1440 4080 t
(a *= x)2 360 1 1800 4200 t
(b *= i)2 360 1 1800 4320 t
(c = a/b)2 420 1 1800 4440 t
(if\(c == 0\) return s)4 1140 1 1800 4560 t
(s += c)2 360 1 1800 4680 t
(})1440 4800 w
(})1080 4920 w
(for\(i=1; i<=10; i++\) print e\(i\))4 1860 1 1080 5040 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 5208 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/bclib)1080 5328 w
10 R f
(mathematical library)1 829 1 1945 5328 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5496 t
10 I f
(dc)1080 5616 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1182 5616 w
10 I f
(hoc)1348 5616 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1500 5616 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5784 t
10 R f
(No)1080 5904 w
10 CW f
(&&)1227 5904 w
10 R f
(,)1347 5904 w
10 CW f
(||)1397 5904 w
10 R f
(, or)1 133 1 1517 5904 t
10 CW f
(!)1675 5904 w
10 R f
(operators.)1760 5904 w
(A)1080 6024 w
10 CW f
(for)1177 6024 w
10 R f
(statement must have all three)4 1165 1 1382 6024 t
10 CW f
(E)2572 6024 w
10 R f
(s.)2632 6024 w
(A)1080 6144 w
10 CW f
(quit)1177 6144 w
10 R f
(is interpreted when read, not when executed.)6 1784 1 1442 6144 t
( 24)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( BIND)1 4156(BIND \( 1 \))3 384 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(bind, mount, unmount)2 890 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1995 1080 w
10 R f
(change name space)2 769 1 2085 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1403 1368 t
10 R f
(])1784 1368 w
10 I f
(new old)1 314 1 1842 1368 t
10 CW f
(mount)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1405 1536 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1463 1536 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1844 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1960 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2105 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255s)2221 1536 w
10 I f
(server)2366 1536 w
10 R f
(])2640 1536 w
10 I f
(servename old)1 579 1 2698 1536 t
10 R f
([)3302 1536 w
10 I f
(spec)3360 1536 w
10 R f
(])3562 1536 w
10 CW f
(unmount)1080 1704 w
10 R f
([)1525 1704 w
10 I f
(new)1583 1704 w
10 R f
(])1769 1704 w
10 I f
(old)1827 1704 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 I f
(Bind)1080 1992 w
10 R f
(and)1303 1992 w
10 I f
(mount)1481 1992 w
10 R f
( other processes in the same name)6 1418(modify the file name space of the current process and)9 2217 2 1765 1992 t
(space group \(see)2 666 1 1080 2112 t
10 I f
(fork)1772 2112 w
10 R f
( both calls,)2 438(\(2\)\). For)1 364 2 1941 2112 t
10 I f
(old)2769 2112 w
10 R f
( existing file or directory in the current name)8 1791(is the name of an)4 686 2 2923 2112 t
(space where the modification is to be made.)7 1752 1 1080 2232 t
(For)1080 2400 w
10 I f
(bind)1251 2400 w
10 R f
(,)1437 2400 w
10 I f
(new)1494 2400 w
10 R f
( another \(or possibly the same\) existing file or directory in the current name)13 3129(is the name of)3 584 2 1687 2400 t
( a successful)2 516(space. After)1 512 2 1080 2520 t
10 I f
(bind)2139 2520 w
10 R f
(, the file name)3 589 1 2325 2520 t
10 I f
(old)2945 2520 w
10 R f
( originally named by)3 845(is an alias for the object)5 981 2 3104 2520 t
10 I f
(new)4960 2520 w
10 R f
(; if the)2 271 1 5129 2520 t
(modification doesn't hide it,)3 1133 1 1080 2640 t
10 I f
(new)2238 2640 w
10 R f
( evaluation of)2 549( The)1 205(will also still refer to its original file.)7 1472 3 2424 2640 t
10 I f
(new)4675 2640 w
10 R f
(\(see)4862 2640 w
10 I f
(intro)5048 2640 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\))5251 2640 w
(happens at the time of the)5 1029 1 1080 2760 t
10 I f
(bind)2134 2760 w
10 R f
(, not when the binding is later used.)7 1424 1 2320 2760 t
(The)1080 2928 w
10 I f
(servename)1262 2928 w
10 R f
(argument to)1 482 1 1715 2928 t
10 I f
(mount)2224 2928 w
10 R f
(is the name of a file that, when opened, yields an existing connection to)13 2899 1 2501 2928 t
( always,)1 332( Almost)1 350( server.)1 298(a file)1 208 4 1080 3048 t
10 I f
(servename)2298 3048 w
10 R f
(will be a file in)4 625 1 2754 3048 t
10 CW f
(/srv)3409 3048 w
10 R f
(\(see)3679 3048 w
10 I f
(srv)3869 3048 w
10 R f
( the discussion below,)3 898(\(3\)\). In)1 312 2 3999 3048 t
10 I f
(new)5239 3048 w
10 R f
(refers to the file named by the)6 1305 1 1080 3168 t
10 I f
(new)2428 3168 w
10 R f
(argument to)1 499 1 2632 3168 t
10 I f
(bind)3175 3168 w
10 R f
(or the root directory of the service available in)8 2003 1 3397 3168 t
10 I f
(servename)1080 3288 w
10 R f
(after a)1 251 1 1531 3288 t
10 I f
(mount.)1807 3288 w
10 R f
(Either both)1 447 1 2107 3288 t
10 I f
(old)2579 3288 w
10 R f
(and)2732 3288 w
10 I f
(new)2901 3288 w
10 R f
(files must be directories, or both must not be directories.)9 2256 1 3087 3288 t
(Options control aspects of the modification to the name space:)9 2494 1 1080 3456 t
( the)1 151(\(none\) Replace)1 821 2 1080 3624 t
10 I f
(old)2081 3624 w
10 R f
( an evaluation of)3 683( Henceforth,)1 527(file by the new one.)4 806 3 2238 3624 t
10 I f
(old)4284 3624 w
10 R f
(will be translated to the)4 958 1 4442 3624 t
( they are directories \(for)4 975( If)1 119(new file.)1 352 3 1580 3744 t
10 I f
(mount)3054 3744 w
10 R f
(, this condition is true by definition\),)6 1485 1 3312 3744 t
10 I f
(old)4825 3744 w
10 R f
(becomes a)1 420 1 4980 3744 t
10 I f
(union directory)1 619 1 1580 3864 t
10 R f
(consisting of one directory \(the new file\).)6 1655 1 2224 3864 t
10 CW f
(\255b)1080 4032 w
10 R f
( the new directory to the beginning of the union directory)10 2361( Add)1 229(Both files must be directories.)4 1230 3 1580 4032 t
(represented by the old file.)4 1067 1 1580 4152 t
10 CW f
(\255a)1080 4320 w
10 R f
( union directory repre\255)3 921( the new directory to the end of the)8 1445( Add)1 228(Both files must be directories.)4 1226 4 1580 4320 t
(sented by the old file.)4 863 1 1580 4440 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 4608 w
10 R f
( When)1 291( any of the above to permit creation in a union directory.)11 2290(This can be used in addition to)6 1239 3 1580 4608 t
( a union directory, it is placed in the first element of the union that per\255)15 2895(a new file is created in)5 925 2 1580 4728 t
(mits creation.)1 544 1 1580 4848 t
10 I f
(Mount)1080 5016 w
10 R f
( Option)1 333( to perform on the connection.)5 1234(takes options to specify the level of authentication)7 2034 3 1370 5016 t
10 CW f
(\255s)5001 5016 w
10 I f
(server)5151 5016 w
10 R f
( that the machine answering the request is indeed the desired)10 2603(authenticates the user and checks)4 1400 2 1080 5136 t
10 I f
(server.)5126 5136 w
10 R f
(Option)1080 5256 w
10 CW f
(\255t)1390 5256 w
10 R f
(is like)1 249 1 1542 5256 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1823 5256 w
10 R f
( neither)1 310( If)1 124( is the right machine.)4 873(but trusts that the \(unspecified\) server)5 1546 4 1975 5256 t
10 CW f
(\255s)4861 5256 w
10 R f
(nor)5014 5256 w
10 CW f
(\255t)5180 5256 w
10 R f
(is)5333 5256 w
(specified, no authentication is performed, but most file servers will reject the)11 3070 1 1080 5376 t
10 I f
(mount)4175 5376 w
10 R f
(.)4433 5376 w
(The)1080 5544 w
10 I f
(spec)1267 5544 w
10 R f
(argument to)1 487 1 1476 5544 t
10 I f
(mount)1995 5544 w
10 R f
(is passed in the)3 629 1 2277 5544 t
10 I f
(attach)2938 5544 w
10 R f
( different)1 376(\(5\) message to the server, and selects among)7 1828 2 3196 5544 t
(file trees served by the server.)5 1196 1 1080 5664 t
(The)1080 5832 w
10 I f
(srv)1264 5832 w
10 R f
( device, normally bound to)4 1094(\(3\) service registry)2 761 2 1394 5832 t
10 CW f
(/srv)3279 5832 w
10 R f
(, is a convenient rendezvous point for services)7 1881 1 3519 5832 t
( bootstrap, the file)3 757( After)1 270( be mounted.)2 539(that can)1 324 4 1080 5952 t
10 CW f
(/srv/boot)3005 5952 w
10 R f
(contains the communications port to the file)6 1820 1 3580 5952 t
(system from which the system was loaded.)6 1712 1 1080 6072 t
(The effects of)2 565 1 1080 6240 t
10 I f
(bind)1676 6240 w
10 R f
(and)1885 6240 w
10 I f
(mount)2061 6240 w
10 R f
(can be undone with the)4 954 1 2343 6240 t
10 I f
(unmount)3329 6240 w
10 R f
( two arguments are given to)5 1147(command. If)1 542 2 3711 6240 t
10 I f
(unmount)1080 6360 w
10 R f
(, the effect is to undo a)6 966 1 1438 6360 t
10 I f
(bind)2438 6360 w
10 R f
(or)2650 6360 w
10 I f
(mount)2767 6360 w
10 R f
( only one argument is given,)5 1178( If)1 124( arguments.)1 474(with the same)2 573 4 3051 6360 t
(everything bound to or mounted upon)5 1513 1 1080 6480 t
10 I f
(new)2618 6480 w
10 R f
(is unmounted.)1 567 1 2804 6480 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 6648 t
10 R f
(To compile a program with the C library from July 16, 1992:)11 2437 1 1080 6768 t
10 CW f
(mount \255t /srv/boot /n/dump dump)4 1860 1 1440 6936 t
(bind /n/dump/1992/0716/mips/lib/libc.a /mips/lib/libc.a)2 3300 1 1440 7056 t
(mk)1440 7176 w
10 R f
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( BIND)1 4156(BIND \( 1 \))3 384 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 960 t
10 I f
(bind)1080 1080 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1266 1080 w
10 I f
(open)1432 1080 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1634 1080 w
10 I f
(srv)1800 1080 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1930 1080 w
10 I f
(srv)2096 1080 w
10 R f
(\(4\))2226 1080 w
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( BUNDLE)1 3995(BUNDLE \( 1 \))3 545 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(bundle)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1377 1080 w
10 R f
(collect files for distribution)3 1091 1 1467 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bundle)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1465 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Bundle)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(writes on its standard output a shell script for)8 1868 1 1396 1656 t
10 I f
(rc)3297 1656 w
10 R f
( executed, will)2 603(\(1\) or a Bourne shell which, when)6 1409 2 3388 1656 t
(recreate the original)2 797 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(files)1902 1776 w
10 R f
( main use is for distributing small numbers of text files by)11 2319(. Its)1 175 2 2077 1776 t
10 I f
(mail)4596 1776 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)4782 1776 w
( than standard archives from)4 1184(Although less refined)2 882 2 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(ar)3183 1944 w
10 R f
(\(1\) or)1 236 1 3280 1944 t
10 I f
(tar)3553 1944 w
10 R f
(\(1\), a)1 222 1 3678 1944 t
10 I f
(bundle)3937 1944 w
10 R f
(file is self\255documenting and)3 1154 1 4246 1944 t
(complete; little preparation is required on the receiving machine.)8 2587 1 1080 2064 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 2232 t
10 CW f
(bundle mkfile *.[ch] | mail kremvax!boris)5 2460 1 1080 2352 t
10 R f
( with related)2 519(Send a makefile to Boris together)5 1385 2 1440 2472 t
10 CW f
(.c)3379 2472 w
10 R f
(and)3534 2472 w
10 CW f
(.h)3713 2472 w
10 R f
( receiving the mail, Boris)4 1053(files. Upon)1 479 2 3868 2472 t
(may save the file sans postmark, say in)7 1559 1 1440 2592 t
10 CW f
(gift/horse)3024 2592 w
10 R f
(, then do)2 347 1 3624 2592 t
10 CW f
(cd gift; rc horse; mk)4 1260 1 1080 2760 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2928 t
10 I f
(ar)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1177 3048 w
10 I f
(tar)1343 3048 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1468 3048 w
10 I f
(mail)1634 3048 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1820 3048 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3216 t
10 I f
(Bundle)1080 3336 w
10 R f
(will not create directories and is unsatisfactory for non\255text files.)9 2584 1 1388 3336 t
(Beware of gift horses.)3 881 1 1080 3456 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 27)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( C++)1 4221(C++ \( 1 \))3 319 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(c++/2c, c++/kc, c++/vc, c++/8c, c++/zc, c++/2l, c++/kl, c++/vl, c++/8l, c++/zl)9 3183 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4293 1080 w
10 R f
(C++ compilers and load\255)3 1012 1 4388 1080 t
(ers)1080 1200 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(c++/2c)1080 1488 w
10 R f
([)1465 1488 w
10 I f
(options)1506 1488 w
10 R f
(])1809 1488 w
10 I f
(name)1867 1488 w
10 R f
(...)2108 1488 w
10 CW f
(c++/8c)1080 1608 w
10 R f
([)1465 1608 w
10 I f
(options)1506 1608 w
10 R f
(])1809 1608 w
10 I f
(name)1867 1608 w
10 R f
(...)2108 1608 w
10 CW f
(c++/kc)1080 1728 w
10 R f
([)1465 1728 w
10 I f
(options)1506 1728 w
10 R f
(])1809 1728 w
10 I f
(name)1867 1728 w
10 R f
(...)2108 1728 w
10 CW f
(c++/vc)1080 1848 w
10 R f
([)1465 1848 w
10 I f
(options)1506 1848 w
10 R f
(])1809 1848 w
10 I f
(name)1867 1848 w
10 R f
(...)2108 1848 w
10 CW f
(c++/zc)1080 1968 w
10 R f
([)1465 1968 w
10 I f
(options)1506 1968 w
10 R f
(])1809 1968 w
10 I f
(name)1867 1968 w
10 R f
(...)2108 1968 w
10 CW f
(c++/2l)1080 2088 w
10 R f
([)1465 2088 w
10 I f
(options)1506 2088 w
10 R f
(])1809 2088 w
10 I f
(name)1867 2088 w
10 R f
(...)2108 2088 w
10 CW f
(c++/8l)1080 2208 w
10 R f
([)1465 2208 w
10 I f
(options)1506 2208 w
10 R f
(])1809 2208 w
10 I f
(name)1867 2208 w
10 R f
(...)2108 2208 w
10 CW f
(c++/kl)1080 2328 w
10 R f
([)1465 2328 w
10 I f
(options)1506 2328 w
10 R f
(])1809 2328 w
10 I f
(name)1867 2328 w
10 R f
(...)2108 2328 w
10 CW f
(c++/vl)1080 2448 w
10 R f
([)1465 2448 w
10 I f
(options)1506 2448 w
10 R f
(])1809 2448 w
10 I f
(name)1867 2448 w
10 R f
(...)2108 2448 w
10 CW f
(c++/zl)1080 2568 w
10 R f
([)1465 2568 w
10 I f
(options)1506 2568 w
10 R f
(])1809 2568 w
10 I f
(name)1867 2568 w
10 R f
(...)2108 2568 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2736 t
10 R f
(The c++ compilers,)2 780 1 1080 2856 t
10 I f
(c++/?c,)1885 2856 w
10 R f
( architecture \(see)2 682(compile the named C++ files into object files for the specified)10 2481 2 2237 2856 t
10 I f
(2c)1080 2976 w
10 R f
( use)1 162(\(1\)\). They)1 433 2 1182 2976 t
10 I f
(cpp)1806 2976 w
10 R f
(\(1\) as the preprocessor,)3 942 1 1958 2976 t
10 I f
(cfront)2929 2976 w
10 R f
( translator, and the appropriate C)5 1329(3.0.1 as the C++ to C)5 874 2 3197 2976 t
(compiler such as)2 705 1 1080 3096 t
10 I f
(2c)1827 3096 w
10 R f
( c++ loaders,)2 553(. The)1 247 2 1929 3096 t
10 I f
(C++/?l)2771 3096 w
10 R f
(, load object files using appropriate object loaders \(see)8 2312 1 3088 3096 t
10 I f
(2l)1080 3216 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\) and)1 318 1 1166 3216 t
10 CW f
(patch)1509 3216 w
10 R f
(, the C++ static constructor initializer.)5 1519 1 1809 3216 t
(The compilers and loaders use C++ and APE \(ANSI C/POSIX\) include files and libraries.)13 3596 1 1080 3384 t
(Let the first letter of the base name of the compiler or loader be)13 2530 1 1080 3552 t
10 I f
(O)3635 3552 w
10 R f
(=)3715 3552 w
10 CW f
(2)3796 3552 w
10 R f
(,)3856 3552 w
10 CW f
(8)3906 3552 w
10 R f
(,)3966 3552 w
10 CW f
(k)4016 3552 w
10 R f
(,)4076 3552 w
10 CW f
(v)4126 3552 w
10 R f
(, or)1 133 1 4186 3552 t
10 CW f
(z)4344 3552 w
10 R f
(.)4404 3552 w
(The compiler options are:)3 1029 1 1080 3720 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 3888 w
10 R f
(Don't expand inline functions.)3 1221 1 1800 3888 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 4056 w
10 I f
(obj)1233 4056 w
10 R f
(Place output in file)3 764 1 1800 4056 t
10 I f
(obj)2591 4056 w
10 R f
( is to take the)4 545( Default)1 352( file\).)1 219(\(allowed only if there is just one input)7 1538 4 2746 4056 t
(last element of the input path name, strip any trailing)9 2115 1 1800 4176 t
10 CW f
(.c)3940 4176 w
10 R f
(, and append .)3 557 1 4060 4176 t
10 I f
(O)4625 4176 w
10 R f
(.)4705 4176 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 4344 w
10 R f
( sec\255)1 188( A)1 125( the commands as they are executed.)6 1478(Print the version number of the compiler and)7 1809 4 1800 4344 t
(ond)1800 4464 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1980 4464 w
10 R f
( exe\255)1 200(causes the commands that would be executed to be printed without actually)11 3070 2 2130 4464 t
(cuting them.)1 500 1 1800 4584 t
10 CW f
(\255w)1080 4752 w
10 R f
(Print warning messages.)2 974 1 1800 4752 t
10 CW f
(\255x file)1 420 1 1080 4920 t
10 R f
( default, this information is taken from)6 1612( By)1 178( file.)1 194(Take cross compiling information from)4 1616 4 1800 4920 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/c++/)1800 5040 w
10 I f
(O)2588 5040 w
10 CW f
(.sz)2668 5040 w
10 I f
(.)2856 5040 w
10 CW f
(\255A)1080 5208 w
10 R f
(Complain about functions used without a new\255style ANSI function prototype.)9 3109 1 1800 5208 t
10 CW f
(\255B)1080 5376 w
10 R f
(Turn off the action of the)5 1006 1 1800 5376 t
10 CW f
(\255A)2831 5376 w
10 R f
( option is on by default.)5 950(flag. This)1 408 2 2976 5376 t
10 CW f
(\255D)1080 5544 w
10 I f
(name=def)1208 5544 w
10 CW f
(\255D)1080 5664 w
10 I f
(name)1208 5664 w
10 R f
(Define the)1 429 1 1800 5664 t
10 I f
(name)2265 5664 w
10 R f
(to the preprocessor, as if by)5 1163 1 2517 5664 t
10 CW f
(#define)3717 5664 w
10 R f
( no definition is given, the)5 1110(. If)1 153 2 4137 5664 t
(name is defined as)3 740 1 1800 5784 t
10 CW f
(1)2565 5784 w
10 R f
(.)2625 5784 w
10 CW f
(\255E)1080 5952 w
10 R f
(Print the preprocessed version of the file on standard output.)9 2413 1 1800 5952 t
10 CW f
(\255F)1080 6120 w
10 R f
(Print the preprocessed and)3 1056 1 1800 6120 t
10 I f
(cfronted)2881 6120 w
10 R f
(version of the file on standard output.)6 1501 1 3239 6120 t
10 CW f
(\255I)1080 6288 w
10 I f
(dir)1208 6288 w
10 CW f
(#include)1800 6288 w
10 R f
( do not begin with)4 760(files whose names)2 746 2 2312 6288 t
10 CW f
(/)3851 6288 w
10 R f
(are always sought first in the direc\255)6 1456 1 3944 6288 t
(tory of the)2 520 1 1800 6408 t
10 I f
(file)2397 6408 w
10 R f
(argument, then in directories named in)5 1802 1 2602 6408 t
10 CW f
(\255I)4481 6408 w
10 R f
(options, then in)2 722 1 4678 6408 t
10 CW f
(/$objtype/include/c++)1800 6528 w
10 R f
(,)3060 6528 w
10 CW f
(/sys/include/c++)4415 6528 w
10 R f
(,)5375 6528 w
10 CW f
(/$objtype/include/ape)1800 6648 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 3060 6648 t
10 CW f
(/sys/include/ape)3279 6648 w
10 R f
(.)4239 6648 w
10 CW f
(\255O)1080 6816 w
10 R f
( option is on by default.)5 950( This)1 228(Perform object code optimization.)3 1365 3 1800 6816 t
10 CW f
(\255N)1080 6984 w
10 R f
(Turn off the action of the)5 1006 1 1800 6984 t
10 CW f
(\255O)2831 6984 w
10 R f
(flag.)2976 6984 w
10 CW f
(\255S)1080 7152 w
10 R f
(Print an assembly language version of the object code on standard output.)11 2946 1 1800 7152 t
( 28)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( C++)1 4221(C++ \( 1 \))3 319 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(\255U)1080 960 w
10 I f
(name)1208 960 w
10 R f
(Remove any initial definition of)4 1283 1 1800 960 t
10 I f
(name)3108 960 w
10 R f
(.)3332 960 w
(The loader options are:)3 923 1 1080 1128 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 1296 w
10 I f
(out)1233 1296 w
10 R f
(Place output in file)3 758 1 1800 1296 t
10 I f
(out)2583 1296 w
10 R f
( is)1 92(. Default)1 374 2 2719 1296 t
10 I f
(O)3210 1296 w
10 CW f
(.out)3290 1296 w
10 I f
(.)3538 1296 w
9 R f
( LE E)2 59( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 5 720 1464 t
10 R f
(To produce a MIPS executable)4 1236 1 1080 1584 t
10 CW f
(prog)2341 1584 w
10 R f
(from C++ files)2 595 1 2606 1584 t
10 CW f
(main.c)3226 1584 w
10 R f
(,)3586 1584 w
10 CW f
(sub.c)3636 1584 w
10 R f
(, and using the task library:)5 1088 1 3936 1584 t
10 CW f
(c++/vc main.c sub.c)2 1140 1 1440 1752 t
(c++/vl \255o prog main.v sub.v m.v \255ltask)6 2280 1 1440 1872 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2040 t
10 CW f
(/sys/include/c++)1080 2160 w
10 R f
(directory for machine\255independent)2 1385 1 2700 2160 t
10 CW f
(#include)4110 2160 w
10 R f
(directives.)4615 2160 w
10 CW f
(/sys/include/ape)1080 2280 w
10 R f
(directory for machine\255independent)2 1385 1 2700 2280 t
10 CW f
(#include)4110 2280 w
10 R f
(directives.)4615 2280 w
10 CW f
(/$objtype/include/c++)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(directory for machine\255dependent)2 1307 1 2700 2400 t
10 CW f
(#include)4032 2400 w
10 R f
(directives.)4537 2400 w
10 CW f
(/$objtype/include/ape)1080 2520 w
10 R f
(directory for machine\255dependent)2 1307 1 2700 2520 t
10 CW f
(#include)4032 2520 w
10 R f
(directives.)4537 2520 w
10 CW f
(/$objtype/lib/c++)1080 2640 w
10 R f
(C++ libraries.)1 556 1 2700 2640 t
10 CW f
(/$objtype/lib/ape/libap.a)1080 2760 w
10 R f
(ANSI C/POSIX library.)2 958 1 2700 2760 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/c++/)1080 2880 w
10 I f
(O)1868 2880 w
10 CW f
(.sz)1948 2880 w
10 R f
(Cross\255compilation information for)2 1377 1 2700 2880 t
10 CW f
(cfront)4102 2880 w
10 R f
(.)4462 2880 w
10 CW f
(/$cputype/bin/c++/cfront)1080 3000 w
10 R f
(C++ to C translator.)3 801 1 2700 3000 t
10 CW f
(/$cputype/bin/c++/patch)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(C++ static constructor initializer.)3 1322 1 2700 3120 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3288 t
10 I f
(2c)1080 3408 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1182 3408 w
10 I f
(2a)1348 3408 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1456 3408 w
10 I f
(2l)1622 3408 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1708 3408 w
10 I f
(db)1874 3408 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1982 3408 w
10 I f
(cpp)2123 3408 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2275 3408 w
10 I f
(mk)2441 3408 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2565 3408 w
10 I f
(nm)2731 3408 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2861 3408 w
10 I f
(pcc)3027 3408 w
10 R f
(\(1\))3173 3408 w
10 I f
(rl)3314 3408 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)3389 3408 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3576 t
10 R f
( the other machines any time)5 1166(The task library works only for the MIPS and the SPARC; it will not work for)15 3154 2 1080 3696 t
( Interrupt class is not yet supported.)6 1429(soon. The)1 419 2 1080 3816 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 29)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( CAL)1 4200(CAL \( 1 \))3 340 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(cal)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1221 1080 w
10 R f
(print calendar)1 551 1 1311 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cal)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 I f
(month)1343 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1618 1368 t
10 I f
(year)1734 1368 w
10 R f
(])1936 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Cal)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(prints a calendar.)2 700 1 1258 1656 t
10 I f
(Month)2016 1656 w
10 R f
( a lower case month name, or a lower)8 1565(is either a number between 1 and 12,)7 1525 2 2310 1656 t
( prefix of a month name.)5 997(case three\255letter)1 636 2 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(Year)2765 1776 w
10 R f
( either)1 254( If)1 118(can be between 1 and 9999.)5 1118 3 2981 1776 t
10 I f
(month)4498 1776 w
10 R f
(or)4775 1776 w
10 I f
(year)4885 1776 w
10 R f
(is omit\255)1 311 1 5089 1776 t
( and it is a number larger than 12, a)9 1477( only one argument is given,)5 1168( If)1 122(ted, the current month or year is used.)7 1553 4 1080 1896 t
( one month is)3 572(calendar for all twelve months of the given year is produced; otherwise a calendar for just)15 3748 2 1080 2016 t
( calendar produced is that for England and her colonies.)9 2228(printed. The)1 513 2 1080 2136 t
(Try)1080 2304 w
10 CW f
(cal september 1752)2 1080 1 1249 2304 t
10 R f
(.)2329 2304 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2472 t
10 R f
(The year is always considered to start in January even though this is historically naive.)14 3459 1 1080 2592 t
(Beware that)1 479 1 1080 2712 t
10 CW f
(cal 90)1 360 1 1584 2712 t
10 R f
(refers to the early Christian era, not the 20th century.)9 2115 1 1969 2712 t
( 30)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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57 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( CAT)1 4200(CAT \( 1 \))3 340 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(cat, read)1 337 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1442 1080 w
10 R f
(catenate files)1 523 1 1532 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cat)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1343 1368 t
10 R f
(])1596 1368 w
10 CW f
(read)1080 1488 w
10 R f
([)1345 1488 w
10 I f
(file)1403 1488 w
10 R f
(])1556 1488 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 I f
(Cat)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(reads each)1 417 1 1250 1776 t
10 I f
(file)1692 1776 w
10 R f
( Thus)1 250(in sequence and writes it on the standard output.)8 1928 2 1845 1776 t
10 CW f
(cat file)1 480 1 1440 1944 t
10 R f
(prints a file and)3 624 1 1080 2112 t
10 CW f
(cat file1 file2 >file3)3 1320 1 1440 2280 t
10 R f
(concatenates the first two files and places the result on the third.)11 2562 1 1080 2448 t
(If no)1 191 1 1080 2616 t
10 I f
(file)1296 2616 w
10 R f
(is given,)1 339 1 1449 2616 t
10 I f
(cat)1813 2616 w
10 R f
( is buffered in blocks matching the input.)7 1643( Output)1 328(reads from the standard input.)4 1195 3 1960 2616 t
10 I f
(Read)1080 2784 w
10 R f
( is useful in interactive)4 910( It)1 111(copies one line from the named file to standard output.)9 2186 3 1310 2784 t
10 I f
(rc)4542 2784 w
10 R f
(\(1\) scripts.)1 427 1 4633 2784 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2952 t
10 I f
(cp)1080 3072 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1182 3072 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 3240 t
10 I f
(Read)1080 3360 w
10 R f
(exits with status)2 645 1 1310 3360 t
10 CW f
(eof)1980 3360 w
10 R f
(on end of file.)3 560 1 2185 3360 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3528 t
10 R f
(Beware of)1 412 1 1080 3648 t
10 CW f
(cat a b >a)3 600 1 1517 3648 t
10 R f
(and)2142 3648 w
10 CW f
(cat a b >b)3 600 1 2311 3648 t
10 R f
(, which destroy input files before reading them.)7 1894 1 2911 3648 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 31)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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58 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( CHGRP)1 4066(CHGRP \( 1 \))3 474 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(chgrp)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1332 1080 w
10 R f
(change file group)2 698 1 1422 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(chgrp)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(group file ...)2 492 1 1405 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
( of each named file is changed to)7 1323(The group)1 413 2 1080 1656 t
10 I f
(group,)2842 1656 w
10 R f
(which should be a name known to the server holding the)10 2268 1 3132 1656 t
(file.)1080 1776 w
( file's owner, if the owner is a member of the new group, or by the)15 2793(A file's group can be changed by the)7 1527 2 1080 1944 t
(leader of both the file's current group and the new group.)10 2286 1 1080 2064 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2232 t
10 I f
(ls)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1155 2352 w
10 I f
(chmod)1321 2352 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1595 2352 w
10 I f
(stat)1761 2352 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1914 2352 w
( 32)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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59 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( CHMOD)1 4028(CHMOD \( 1 \))3 512 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(chmod)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1377 1080 w
10 R f
(change mode)1 529 1 1467 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(chmod)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(mode file ...)2 469 1 1405 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
(The mode of each named file is changed according to)9 2181 1 1080 1656 t
10 I f
(mode,)3291 1656 w
10 R f
( symbolic)1 398(which may be an octal number or a)7 1440 2 3562 1656 t
( A)1 122(change to the existing mode.)4 1146 2 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(mode)2373 1776 w
10 R f
(is an octal number constructed from the OR of the following modes.)11 2730 1 2614 1776 t
( by owner)2 399(0400 read)1 531 2 1080 1944 t
( by owner)2 399(0200 write)1 565 2 1080 2064 t
( \(search in directory\) by owner)5 1232(0100 execute)1 664 2 1080 2184 t
( write, execute \(search\) by group)5 1312(0070 read,)1 556 2 1080 2304 t
( write, execute \(search\) by others)5 1323(0007 read,)1 556 2 1080 2424 t
(A symbolic)1 464 1 1080 2592 t
10 I f
(mode)1569 2592 w
10 R f
(has the form:)2 527 1 1810 2592 t
([who])1440 2760 w
10 I f
(op permission)1 564 1 1703 2760 t
10 R f
(The)1080 2928 w
10 I f
(who)1264 2928 w
10 R f
(part is a combination of the letters)6 1389 1 1460 2928 t
10 CW f
(u)2878 2928 w
10 R f
(\(for user's permissions\),)2 981 1 2967 2928 t
10 CW f
(g)3977 2928 w
10 R f
(\(group\) and)1 473 1 4066 2928 t
10 CW f
(o)4569 2928 w
10 R f
( letter)1 235(\(other\). The)1 506 2 4659 2928 t
10 CW f
(a)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(stands for)1 391 1 1165 3048 t
10 CW f
(ugo)1581 3048 w
10 R f
(. If)1 141 1 1761 3048 t
10 I f
(who)1927 3048 w
10 R f
(is omitted, the default is)4 964 1 2119 3048 t
10 CW f
(a)3108 3048 w
10 R f
(.)3168 3048 w
10 I f
(Op)1080 3216 w
10 R f
(can be)1 265 1 1235 3216 t
10 CW f
(+)1533 3216 w
10 R f
(to add)1 255 1 1626 3216 t
10 I f
(permission)1914 3216 w
10 R f
(to the file's mode,)3 751 1 2386 3216 t
10 CW f
(\255)3170 3216 w
10 R f
(to take away)2 522 1 3264 3216 t
10 I f
(permission)3820 3216 w
10 R f
(and)4293 3216 w
10 CW f
(=)4471 3216 w
10 R f
(to assign)1 362 1 4565 3216 t
10 I f
(permission)4961 3216 w
10 R f
(absolutely \(all other bits will be reset\).)6 1540 1 1080 3336 t
10 I f
(Permission)1080 3504 w
10 R f
(is any combination of the letters)5 1290 1 1556 3504 t
10 CW f
(r)2872 3504 w
10 R f
(\(read\),)2958 3504 w
10 CW f
(w)3246 3504 w
10 R f
(\(write\),)3332 3504 w
10 CW f
(x)3654 3504 w
10 R f
(\(execute\),)3740 3504 w
10 CW f
(a)4162 3504 w
10 R f
(\(append only\), and)2 755 1 4249 3504 t
10 CW f
(l)5031 3504 w
10 R f
(\(exclu\255)5118 3504 w
(sive access\).)1 498 1 1080 3624 t
(Only the owner of a file or the group leader of its group may change the file's mode.)17 3376 1 1080 3792 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3960 t
10 I f
(ls)1080 4080 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1155 4080 w
10 I f
(stat)1321 4080 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1474 4080 w
10 I f
(stat)1640 4080 w
10 R f
(\(5\))1793 4080 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 33)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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60 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( CMP)1 4188(CMP \( 1 \))3 352 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(cmp)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1277 1080 w
10 R f
(compare two files)2 715 1 1367 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cmp)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255lsL)1343 1368 w
10 R f
(])1608 1368 w
10 I f
(file1 file2)1 381 1 1666 1368 t
10 R f
([)2072 1368 w
10 I f
(offset1)2130 1368 w
10 R f
([)2422 1368 w
10 I f
(offset2)2480 1368 w
10 R f
(] ])1 91 1 2772 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
( diagnostic results if the contents differ, otherwise there is no output.)11 2744( A)1 122(The two files are compared.)4 1116 3 1080 1656 t
(The options are:)2 649 1 1080 1824 t
10 CW f
(l)1080 1992 w
10 R f
(Print the byte number \(decimal\) and the differing bytes \(hexadecimal\) for each difference.)12 3598 1 1440 1992 t
10 CW f
(s)1080 2160 w
10 R f
(Print nothing for differing files, but set the exit status.)9 2152 1 1440 2160 t
10 CW f
(L)1080 2328 w
10 R f
(Print the line number of the first differing byte.)8 1884 1 1440 2328 t
( that)1 177( Offsets)1 340( given, comparison starts at the designated byte position of the corresponding file.)12 3298(If offsets are)2 505 4 1080 2496 t
(begin with)1 425 1 1080 2616 t
10 CW f
(0x)1530 2616 w
10 R f
(are hexadecimal; with)2 881 1 1675 2616 t
10 CW f
(0)2581 2616 w
10 R f
(, octal; with anything else, decimal.)5 1421 1 2641 2616 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2784 t
10 I f
(diff)1080 2904 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1222 2904 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 3072 t
10 R f
(If a file is inaccessible or missing, the exit status is)10 2179 1 1080 3192 t
10 CW f
(open)3300 3192 w
10 R f
( the files are the same, the exit status is)9 1703(. If)1 157 2 3540 3192 t
10 CW f
(empty)1080 3312 w
10 R f
( the other, the exit status is)6 1069( they are the same except that one is longer than)10 1928(. If)1 142 3 1380 3312 t
10 CW f
(EOF)4544 3312 w
10 R f
(. Otherwise)1 485 1 4724 3312 t
10 I f
(cmp)5234 3312 w
10 R f
(reports the position of the first disagreeing byte and the exit status is)12 2731 1 1080 3432 t
10 CW f
(differ)3836 3432 w
10 R f
(.)4196 3432 w
( 34)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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61 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( COMM)1 4083(COMM \( 1 \))3 457 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(comm)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1355 1080 w
10 R f
(select or reject lines common to two sorted files)8 1914 1 1445 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(comm)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255123)1403 1368 w
10 R f
(])1668 1368 w
10 I f
(file1 file2)1 381 1 1726 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Comm)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(reads)1375 1656 w
10 I f
(file1)1619 1656 w
10 R f
(and)1831 1656 w
10 I f
(file2,)2010 1656 w
10 R f
(which are ordered in)3 852 1 2248 1656 t
9 R f
(ASCII)3133 1656 w
10 R f
(collating sequence, and produces a three column)6 1997 1 3403 1656 t
(output: lines only in)3 825 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(file1)1937 1776 w
10 R f
(; lines only in)3 569 1 2123 1776 t
10 I f
(file2)2724 1776 w
10 R f
( file name)2 411( The)1 211(; and lines in both files.)5 969 3 2910 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255)4532 1776 w
10 R f
(means the standard)2 777 1 4623 1776 t
(input.)1080 1896 w
(Flag)1080 2064 w
10 CW f
(1)1283 2064 w
10 R f
(,)1343 2064 w
10 CW f
(2)1393 2064 w
10 R f
(, or)1 133 1 1453 2064 t
10 CW f
(3)1611 2064 w
10 R f
(suppresses printing of the corresponding column.)5 1970 1 1696 2064 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 2232 t
10 CW f
(comm \25512 file1 file2)3 1200 1 1080 2352 t
10 R f
(Print lines common to two sorted files.)6 1553 1 1440 2472 t
10 CW f
(deroff \255w /mail/lib/names.last | tr a\255z A\255Z | sort \255u >temp)10 3540 1 1080 2640 t
(spell temp | comm \25513 \255 temp)6 1680 1 1080 2760 t
10 R f
(Print names that are known both to)6 1399 1 1440 2880 t
10 I f
(mail)2864 2880 w
10 R f
(\(1\) and)1 285 1 3050 2880 t
10 I f
(spell)3360 2880 w
10 R f
(\(1\))3557 2880 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3048 t
10 I f
(sort)1080 3168 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1244 3168 w
10 I f
(cmp)1410 3168 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1584 3168 w
10 I f
(diff)1750 3168 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1892 3168 w
10 I f
(uniq)2058 3168 w
10 R f
(\(1\))2244 3168 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 35)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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62 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( COMPRESS)1 3876(COMPRESS \( 1 \))3 664 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(compress, uncompress)1 904 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2009 1080 w
10 R f
(compress and expand data)3 1050 1 2099 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(compress)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1585 1368 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1643 1368 w
10 CW f
(dfvcV)1708 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2033 1368 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2149 1368 w
10 CW f
(b)2214 1368 w
10 I f
(bits)2299 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2469 1368 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 2585 1368 t
10 R f
(])2926 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Compress)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( possible, each)2 593( Whenever)1 463( adaptive Lempel\255Ziv coding.)3 1199(reduces the size of the named files using)7 1637 4 1508 1656 t
(file is replaced by one with the extension)7 1660 1 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(.Z,)2768 1776 w
10 R f
( modes, access and modi\255)4 1031(while keeping the same ownership)4 1393 2 2976 1776 t
( Com\255)1 293( the standard output.)3 861( no files are specified, the standard input is compressed to)10 2450( If)1 130(fication times.)1 586 5 1080 1896 t
(pressed files can be restored to their original form using)9 2250 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(compress)3357 2016 w
10 S1 f
(\261)3761 2016 w
10 I f
(d)3826 2016 w
10 R f
( script,)1 274(. The)1 232 2 3884 2016 t
10 I f
(/rc/bin/uncompress,)4417 2016 w
10 R f
(per\255)5240 2016 w
(forms the command)2 799 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(``compress)1904 2136 w
10 S1 f
(\261)2372 2136 w
10 I f
(d $*''.)1 266 1 2437 2136 t
10 R f
(The)1080 2304 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1266 2304 w
10 CW f
(f)1331 2304 w
10 R f
(option will force compression of)4 1328 1 1422 2304 t
10 I f
(name.)2781 2304 w
10 R f
( directory, even if)3 730(This is useful for compressing an entire)6 1617 2 3053 2304 t
( If)1 120(some of the files do not actually shrink.)7 1610 2 1080 2424 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2839 2424 w
10 CW f
(f)2904 2424 w
10 R f
(is not given and)3 648 1 2993 2424 t
10 I f
(compress)3670 2424 w
10 R f
(is run in the foreground, the user)6 1324 1 4076 2424 t
(is prompted as to whether an existing file should be overwritten.)10 2572 1 1080 2544 t
(The)1080 2712 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1260 2712 w
10 CW f
(c)1325 2712 w
10 R f
(option makes)1 536 1 1410 2712 t
10 I f
(compress)1971 2712 w
10 R f
(write to the standard output; no files are changed.)8 1977 1 2373 2712 t
(The)1080 2880 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1260 2880 w
10 CW f
(v)1325 2880 w
10 R f
(option prints compression statistics and the)5 1725 1 1410 2880 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3160 2880 w
10 CW f
(V)3225 2880 w
10 R f
(option prints the version of the program.)6 1618 1 3310 2880 t
10 I f
(Compress)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(uses the modified Lempel\255Ziv algorithm popularized in "A Technique for High Performance)11 3880 1 1520 3048 t
(Data Compression", Terry A. Welch,)4 1501 1 1080 3168 t
10 I f
(IEEE Computer,)1 670 1 2610 3168 t
10 R f
( sub\255)1 201( Common)1 427(vol. 17, no. 6 \(June 1984\), pp. 8\25519.)7 1463 3 3309 3168 t
( code 512 is reached, the algorithm)6 1460( When)1 298(strings in the file are first replaced by 9\255bit codes 257 and up.)12 2562 3 1080 3288 t
( codes and continues to use more bits until the limit specified by the)13 2809(switches to 10\255bit)2 727 2 1080 3408 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4648 3408 w
10 CW f
(b)4713 3408 w
10 R f
(flag is reached)2 595 1 4805 3408 t
(\(default 16\).)1 498 1 1080 3528 t
10 I f
(Bits)1633 3528 w
10 R f
( to allow)2 362( default can be changed in the source)7 1511( The)1 210(must be between 9 and 16.)5 1090 4 1819 3528 t
10 I f
(compress)5023 3528 w
10 R f
(to be run on a smaller machine.)6 1256 1 1080 3648 t
(After the)1 374 1 1080 3816 t
10 I f
(bits)1496 3816 w
10 R f
(limit is attained,)2 682 1 1683 3816 t
10 I f
(compress)2407 3816 w
10 R f
( it is increasing,)3 687( If)1 134( compression ratio.)2 799(periodically checks the)2 954 4 2826 3816 t
10 I f
(compress)1080 3936 w
10 R f
( if the compression ratio decreases,)5 1507( However,)1 461( use the existing code dictionary.)5 1420(continues to)1 508 4 1504 3936 t
10 I f
(compress)1080 4056 w
10 R f
( allows the algorithm to adapt to)6 1300( This)1 229(discards the table of substrings and rebuilds it from scratch.)9 2389 3 1482 4056 t
(the next "block" of the file.)5 1086 1 1080 4176 t
(Note that the)2 528 1 1080 4344 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1639 4344 w
10 CW f
(b)1704 4344 w
10 R f
(flag is omitted for)3 737 1 1795 4344 t
10 I f
(compress \255d)1 491 1 2563 4344 t
10 R f
(, since the)2 414 1 3062 4344 t
10 I f
(bits)3507 4344 w
10 R f
( compression is)2 636(parameter specified during)2 1081 2 3683 4344 t
( output, along with a magic number to ensure that neither decompression of random data)14 3556(encoded within the)2 764 2 1080 4464 t
(nor recompression of compressed data is attempted.)6 2071 1 1080 4584 t
(The amount of compression obtained depends on the size of the input, the number of)14 3429 1 1080 4752 t
10 I f
(bits)4537 4752 w
10 R f
(per code, and the)3 690 1 4710 4752 t
( text such as source code or English is reduced by 50)11 2165( Typically,)1 463(distribution of common substrings.)3 1419 3 1080 4872 t
10 S1 f
(\261)5127 4872 w
10 R f
(60%.)5192 4872 w
( better than that achieved by Huffman coding \(as used in)10 2292(Compression is generally much)3 1269 2 1080 4992 t
10 I f
(pack)4669 4992 w
10 R f
(\), or adaptive)2 535 1 4865 4992 t
(Huffman coding \()2 715 1 1080 5112 t
10 I f
(compact)1803 5112 w
10 R f
(\), and takes less time to compute.)6 1332 1 2149 5112 t
(Under the)1 396 1 1080 5280 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1501 5280 w
10 CW f
(v)1566 5280 w
10 R f
(option, a message is printed yielding the percentage of reduction for each file compressed.)13 3606 1 1651 5280 t
(If the)1 213 1 1080 5448 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1318 5448 w
10 CW f
(V)1383 5448 w
10 R f
(option is specified, the current version and compile options are printed on stderr.)12 3223 1 1468 5448 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5616 t
10 R f
( files are compatible between machines with large memory,)8 2413(Although compressed)1 877 2 1080 5736 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4399 5736 w
10 CW f
(b)4464 5736 w
10 R f
(12 should be used for)4 876 1 4524 5736 t
( a small process data space \(64KB or less, as exhibited by the DEC PDP)14 2986(file transfer to architectures with)4 1334 2 1080 5856 t
(series, the Intel 80286, etc.\))4 1106 1 1080 5976 t
( 36)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( CON)1 4189(CON \( 1 \))3 351 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(con, telnet, hayes, cu, rx, xms, xmr)6 1398 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2503 1080 w
10 R f
(remote login, execution, and XMODEM file transfer)6 2107 1 2593 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(con)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255dCrv)1343 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1668 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1784 1368 w
10 R f
([)1929 1368 w
10 I f
(remuser)1987 1368 w
10 R f
(] ] [)2 149 1 2339 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255c)2513 1368 w
10 I f
(cmd)2658 1368 w
10 R f
(])2849 1368 w
10 I f
(net)2907 1368 w
10 R f
(!)3037 1368 w
10 I f
(machine)3078 1368 w
10 CW f
(telnet)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1465 1536 w
10 CW f
(\255dCr)1523 1536 w
10 R f
(])1788 1536 w
10 I f
(net)1846 1536 w
10 R f
(!)1976 1536 w
10 I f
(machine)2017 1536 w
10 CW f
(hayes)1080 1704 w
10 R f
([)1405 1704 w
10 CW f
(\255p)1463 1704 w
10 R f
(])1608 1704 w
10 I f
(number)1666 1704 w
10 R f
([)1996 1704 w
10 I f
(device)2054 1704 w
10 R f
(])2333 1704 w
10 CW f
(cu)1080 1872 w
10 I f
(number)1225 1872 w
10 CW f
(rx)1080 2040 w
10 R f
([)1225 2040 w
10 CW f
(\255n)1283 2040 w
10 R f
(])1428 2040 w
10 I f
(net)1486 2040 w
10 R f
(!)1616 2040 w
10 I f
(machine)1657 2040 w
10 R f
([)2020 2040 w
10 I f
(command\255word ...)1 727 1 2078 2040 t
10 R f
(])2830 2040 w
10 CW f
(xms)1080 2208 w
10 I f
(file)1285 2208 w
10 CW f
(xmr)1080 2376 w
10 I f
(file)1285 2376 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2544 t
10 I f
(Con)1080 2664 w
10 R f
(connects to the computer whose network address is)7 2154 1 1287 2664 t
10 I f
(net)3481 2664 w
10 R f
(!)3611 2664 w
10 I f
(machine)3652 2664 w
10 R f
( no)1 141( With)1 266(and logs in if possible.)4 963 3 4030 2664 t
( Standard)1 417(options, the account name used on the remote system is the same as that on the local system.)17 3903 2 1080 2784 t
(input and output go to the local machine.)7 1638 1 1080 2904 t
(Options are:)1 491 1 1080 3072 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1080 3240 w
10 R f
(with an argument causes)3 999 1 1440 3240 t
10 I f
(remuser)2469 3240 w
10 R f
( Without)1 384( remote system.)2 642(to be used as the account name on the)8 1548 3 2826 3240 t
(an argument this option disables automatic login and a normal login session ensues.)12 3351 1 1440 3360 t
10 CW f
(\255C)1080 3528 w
10 R f
(forces cooked mode, that is, local echo.)6 1577 1 1440 3528 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 3696 w
10 R f
(runs)1440 3696 w
10 I f
(cmd)1637 3696 w
10 R f
( is used by)3 425( This)1 228(as if it had been typed as a command from the escape mode.)12 2403 3 1828 3696 t
10 I f
(cu)4909 3696 w
10 R f
(.)5011 3696 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 3864 w
10 R f
( This)1 232( error.)1 247(\(verbose mode\) causes information about connection attempts to be output to standard)11 3481 3 1440 3864 t
(can be useful when trying to debug network connectivity.)8 2299 1 1440 3984 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 4152 w
10 R f
(causes debugging information to be output to standard error.)8 2416 1 1440 4152 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 4320 w
10 R f
( is useful since carriage)4 984( This)1 240( carriage return followed by a new line.)7 1657(suppresses printing of any)3 1079 4 1440 4320 t
(return is a printable character in Plan 9.)7 1574 1 1440 4440 t
( prompts with the local machine name and)7 1779( It)1 123(The control\255\\ character is a local escape.)6 1680 3 1080 4608 t
10 CW f
(>>>)4699 4608 w
10 R f
(. Legitimate)1 521 1 4879 4608 t
(responses to the prompt are)4 1098 1 1080 4728 t
10 CW f
(i)1080 4896 w
10 R f
(Send a quit [sic] signal to the remote machine.)8 1856 1 1440 4896 t
10 CW f
(q)1080 5016 w
10 R f
(Exit.)1440 5016 w
10 CW f
(b)1080 5136 w
10 R f
(Send a break.)2 540 1 1440 5136 t
10 CW f
(.)1080 5256 w
10 R f
(Return from the escape.)3 953 1 1440 5256 t
10 CW f
(!cmd)1080 5376 w
10 R f
( Stan\255)1 272(Run the command with the network connection as its standard input and standard output.)13 3688 2 1440 5376 t
( the connec\255)2 487( is useful for transmitting and receiving files over)8 1983( This)1 229(dard error will go to the screen.)6 1261 4 1440 5496 t
(tions using programs such as)4 1155 1 1440 5616 t
10 I f
(xms)2620 5616 w
10 R f
(.)2783 5616 w
10 I f
(Telnet)1080 5784 w
10 R f
(is similar to con, but it uses the)7 1245 1 1355 5784 t
10 I f
(telnet)2625 5784 w
10 R f
(protocol to communicate with the remote machine.)6 2039 1 2872 5784 t
10 I f
(Hayes)1080 5952 w
10 R f
( Option)1 330(dials a number using the Hayes modem protocol.)7 1973 2 1356 5952 t
10 CW f
(p)3686 5952 w
10 R f
( default)1 305(uses pulse dialing rather than the)5 1322 2 3773 5952 t
( specified,)1 410( If)1 116(tone dialing.)1 500 3 1080 6072 t
10 I f
(device)2131 6072 w
10 R f
( default is)2 394( The)1 205(is the file opened for the call.)6 1167 3 2410 6072 t
10 CW f
(/dev/eia0)4201 6072 w
10 R f
(.)4741 6072 w
10 I f
(Cu)1080 6240 w
10 R f
(is a shell script that uses)5 1054 1 1239 6240 t
10 I f
(hayes)2335 6240 w
10 R f
(and)2604 6240 w
10 I f
(con)2790 6240 w
10 R f
( the machine is)3 656( If)1 134( modem.)1 368(to connect to a machine via a)6 1266 4 2976 6240 t
( the call is placed through Datakit.)6 1373( Otherwise,)1 485(equipped with a local modem, it is used.)7 1613 3 1080 6360 t
10 I f
(Rx)1080 6528 w
10 R f
( there, but with local standard input)6 1454(executes one shell command on the remote machine as if logged in)11 2731 2 1215 6528 t
( interpreted locally, quoted ones remotely.)5 1719( shell metacharacters in the command are)6 1693( Unquoted)1 451(and output.)1 457 4 1080 6648 t
(The assignment)1 630 1 1080 6768 t
10 CW f
(REXEC=1)1735 6768 w
10 R f
(appears in the remote environment.)4 1411 1 2180 6768 t
(Network addresses for both)3 1100 1 1080 6936 t
10 I f
(con)2205 6936 w
10 R f
(and)2374 6936 w
10 I f
(rx)2543 6936 w
10 R f
(have the form)2 554 1 2651 6936 t
10 I f
(network)3230 6936 w
10 CW f
(!)3560 6936 w
10 I f
(host.)3628 6936 w
10 R f
( in)1 104(Supported networks are those listed)4 1426 2 3870 6936 t
10 CW f
(/net)1080 7056 w
10 R f
(.)1320 7056 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 37)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( CON)1 4189(CON \( 1 \))3 351 3 720 480 t
(The commands)1 628 1 1080 960 t
10 I f
(xms)1749 960 w
10 R f
(and)1945 960 w
10 I f
(xmr)2130 960 w
10 R f
(respectively send and receive a single file using the XMODEM protocol.)10 3074 1 2326 960 t
(They use standard input and standard output for communication and are intended for use with)14 3744 1 1080 1080 t
10 I f
(con)4849 1080 w
10 R f
(.)5001 1080 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(rx kremvax cat file1 >file2)4 1620 1 1080 1368 t
10 R f
(Copy remote)1 519 1 1440 1488 t
10 I f
(file1)1984 1488 w
10 R f
(to local)1 297 1 2187 1488 t
10 I f
(file2)2509 1488 w
10 R f
(.)2695 1488 w
10 CW f
(rx kremvax cat file1 '>file2')4 1740 1 1080 1656 t
10 R f
(Copy remote)1 519 1 1440 1776 t
10 I f
(file1)1984 1776 w
10 R f
(to remote)1 380 1 2187 1776 t
10 I f
(file2.)2592 1776 w
10 CW f
(eqn paper | rx kremvax troff \255ms | rx deepthought lp)10 3120 1 1080 1944 t
10 R f
(Parallel processing: do each stage of a pipeline on a different machine.)11 2821 1 1440 2064 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2232 t
10 I f
(push)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1277 2352 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2520 t
10 R f
(Under)1080 2640 w
10 I f
(rx)1363 2640 w
10 R f
( not)1 163(, a program that should behave specially towards terminals may not: e.g., remote shells will)14 3783 2 1454 2640 t
( under)1 258(prompt. Also)1 559 2 1080 2760 t
10 I f
(rx)1928 2760 w
10 R f
( remote standard error and standard output are combined and go inseparably to)12 3203(, the)1 178 2 2019 2760 t
(the local standard output.)3 1010 1 1080 2880 t
( 38)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( CP)1 4277(CP \( 1 \))3 263 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(cp, mv, rename)2 615 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1745 1080 w
10 R f
(copy, move files)2 663 1 1835 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cp)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255z)1283 1368 w
10 R f
([)1428 1368 w
10 I f
(bufsize)1486 1368 w
10 R f
(] ])1 91 1 1789 1368 t
10 I f
(file1 file2)1 381 1 1905 1368 t
10 CW f
(cp)1080 1488 w
10 R f
([)1225 1488 w
10 CW f
(\255z)1283 1488 w
10 R f
([)1428 1488 w
10 I f
(bufsize)1486 1488 w
10 R f
(] ])1 91 1 1789 1488 t
10 I f
(file ... directory)2 619 1 1905 1488 t
10 CW f
(mv)1080 1656 w
10 I f
(file1 file2)1 381 1 1225 1656 t
10 CW f
(mv)1080 1776 w
10 I f
(file ... directory)2 619 1 1225 1776 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1944 t
10 R f
(In the first form)3 635 1 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(file1)1740 2064 w
10 R f
(is any name and)3 646 1 1943 2064 t
10 I f
(file2)2614 2064 w
10 R f
( form the)2 368( the second)2 449( In)1 133(is any name except an existing directory.)6 1633 4 2817 2064 t
( one or more)3 558(commands copy or move)3 1061 2 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(files)2741 2184 w
10 R f
(into a)1 242 1 2950 2184 t
10 I f
(directory)3234 2184 w
10 R f
(under their original file names, as if by a)8 1758 1 3642 2184 t
( Thus)1 255(sequence of commands in the first form.)6 1641 2 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(cp f1 f2 dir)3 735 1 3006 2304 t
10 R f
(is equivalent to)2 621 1 3771 2304 t
10 CW f
(cp f1 dir/f1; cp)3 978 1 4422 2304 t
(f2 dir/f2)1 540 1 1080 2424 t
10 R f
(.)1620 2424 w
10 I f
(Cp)1080 2592 w
10 R f
(copies the contents of plain)4 1093 1 1222 2592 t
10 I f
(file1)2340 2592 w
10 R f
(to)2543 2592 w
10 I f
(file2)2647 2592 w
10 R f
( mode and owner of)4 802(. The)1 231 2 2833 2592 t
10 I f
(file2)3892 2592 w
10 R f
(are preserved if it already exists;)5 1304 1 4096 2592 t
(the mode of)2 497 1 1080 2712 t
10 I f
(file1)1612 2712 w
10 R f
( The)1 215(is used otherwise.)2 733 2 1825 2712 t
10 CW f
(\255z)2808 2712 w
10 R f
( preserve `holes'; see)3 871(option says to)2 576 2 2963 2712 t
10 I f
(seek)4444 2712 w
10 R f
( reads and)2 422(\(2\). The)1 355 2 4623 2712 t
(writes are done in hunks of size)6 1264 1 1080 2832 t
10 I f
(bufsize)2369 2832 w
10 R f
(.)2655 2832 w
10 I f
(Mv)1080 3000 w
10 R f
(moves)1237 3000 w
10 I f
(file1)1528 3000 w
10 R f
(to)1736 3000 w
10 I f
(file2)1844 3000 w
10 R f
( files are in the same directory,)6 1269( the)1 152(. If)1 146 3 2030 3000 t
10 I f
(file1)3628 3000 w
10 R f
(is just renamed; otherwise)3 1064 1 3837 3000 t
10 I f
(mv)4932 3000 w
10 R f
(behaves)5079 3000 w
(like)1080 3120 w
10 I f
(cp)1255 3120 w
10 R f
(.)1357 3120 w
10 I f
(Mv)1432 3120 w
10 R f
(will rename directories, but it refuses to move a directory into another directory.)12 3205 1 1584 3120 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3288 t
10 I f
(cat)1080 3408 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1210 3408 w
10 I f
(stat)1376 3408 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1529 3408 w
10 I f
(push)1695 3408 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1892 3408 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 3576 t
10 I f
(Cp)1080 3696 w
10 R f
(and)1222 3696 w
10 I f
(mv)1391 3696 w
10 R f
(refuse to copy or move files onto themselves.)7 1814 1 1532 3696 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 39)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( CPP)1 4221(CPP \( 1 \))3 319 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(cpp)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1249 1080 w
10 R f
(C language preprocessor)2 986 1 1339 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cpp)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1343 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1724 1368 t
10 I f
(ifile)1840 1368 w
10 R f
([)2021 1368 w
10 I f
(ofile)2079 1368 w
10 R f
(] ])1 91 1 2282 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Cpp)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( input)1 232( The)1 206( substitution.)1 519(interprets ANSI C preprocessor directives and does macro)7 2325 4 1280 1656 t
10 I f
(ifile)4588 1656 w
10 R f
(and output)1 426 1 4770 1656 t
10 I f
(ofile)5222 1656 w
10 R f
(default to standard input and standard output respectively.)7 2319 1 1080 1776 t
(The options are:)2 649 1 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
(\255U)1080 2112 w
10 I f
(name)1208 2112 w
10 CW f
(\255D)1080 2232 w
10 I f
(name)1208 2232 w
10 CW f
(\255D)1080 2352 w
10 I f
(name=def)1208 2352 w
10 CW f
(\255I)1080 2472 w
10 I f
(dir)1208 2472 w
10 R f
(Same as in)2 433 1 1440 2472 t
10 I f
(2c)1898 2472 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)2000 2472 w
10 CW f
(\255M)1080 2592 w
10 R f
( twice to list files in angle brackets.)7 1415( Use)1 205(Generate no output except a list of include files.)8 1916 3 1440 2592 t
10 CW f
(\255N)1080 2712 w
10 R f
( must be specified with)4 1051( All)1 209(Turn off default include directories.)4 1551 3 1440 2712 t
10 CW f
(\255I)4307 2712 w
10 R f
( option,)1 338( this)1 201(. Without)1 434 3 4427 2712 t
10 CW f
(/$objtype/include)1440 2832 w
10 R f
(and)2496 2832 w
10 CW f
(/sys/include)2676 2832 w
10 R f
( searched directories for)3 990(are used as the last two)5 978 2 3432 2832 t
(include directives, where)2 1000 1 1440 2952 t
10 CW f
($objtype)2465 2952 w
10 R f
(is read from the environment.)4 1184 1 2970 2952 t
10 CW f
(\255V)1080 3072 w
10 R f
(Print extra debugging information.)3 1388 1 1440 3072 t
10 CW f
(\255+)1080 3192 w
10 R f
(Understand C++ comments.)2 1125 1 1440 3192 t
(The output file contains processed text sprinkled with lines that show the original input line numbering:)15 4145 1 1080 3360 t
10 CW f
(#line)1440 3528 w
10 I f
(linenumber)1765 3528 w
10 CW f
(")2280 3528 w
10 I f
(ifile)2340 3528 w
10 CW f
(")2496 3528 w
10 R f
( C compilers do not use)5 972( The)1 209(The input language is as described in the ANSI C standard.)10 2406 3 1080 3696 t
10 I f
(cpp;)4697 3696 w
10 R f
(they contain)1 496 1 4904 3696 t
(their own simple but adequate preprocessor, so)6 1877 1 1080 3816 t
10 I f
(cpp)2982 3816 w
10 R f
(is usually superfluous.)2 897 1 3151 3816 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3984 t
10 CW f
(/sys/include)1080 4104 w
10 R f
(directory for machine\255independent include files)4 1901 1 2160 4104 t
10 CW f
(/$objtype/include)1080 4224 w
10 R f
(directory for machine\255dependent include files)4 1823 1 2160 4224 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4392 t
10 I f
(2c)1080 4512 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1182 4512 w
( 40)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( CPU)1 4205(CPU \( 1 \))3 335 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(cpu)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1249 1080 w
10 R f
(connection to cpu server)3 978 1 1339 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cpu)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255h)1343 1368 w
10 I f
(server)1488 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1762 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1878 1368 w
10 I f
(cmd args ...)2 469 1 2023 1368 t
10 R f
(])2517 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Cpu)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(starts an)1 337 1 1279 1656 t
10 I f
(rc)1648 1656 w
10 R f
(\(1\) running on the)3 745 1 1739 1656 t
10 I f
(server)2516 1656 w
10 R f
(machine, or the machine named in the)6 1570 1 2798 1656 t
10 CW f
($cpu)4401 1656 w
10 R f
(environment vari\255)1 726 1 4674 1656 t
(able if there is no)4 709 1 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255h)1818 1776 w
10 R f
(option.)1967 1776 w
10 I f
(Rc)2302 1776 w
10 R f
('s standard input, output, and error files will be)8 1913 1 2415 1776 t
10 CW f
(/dev/cons)4357 1776 w
10 R f
(in the name)2 474 1 4926 1776 t
(space where the)2 638 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(cpu)1744 1896 w
10 R f
( Normally,)1 459(command was invoked.)2 948 2 1914 1896 t
10 I f
(cpu)3347 1896 w
10 R f
(is run in an)3 450 1 3517 1896 t
10 I f
(8\275)3993 1896 w
10 R f
(\(1\) window on a terminal, so)5 1164 1 4126 1896 t
10 I f
(rc)5317 1896 w
10 R f
( to that window, and input comes from the keyboard when that window is current.)14 3307(output goes)1 467 2 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(Rc)4906 2016 w
10 R f
('s current)1 381 1 5019 2016 t
(directory is the working directory of the)6 1597 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(cpu)2702 2136 w
10 R f
(command itself.)1 644 1 2871 2136 t
(The name space for the new)5 1126 1 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(rc)2232 2304 w
10 R f
(is an analogue of the name space where the)8 1736 1 2341 2304 t
10 I f
(cpu)4103 2304 w
10 R f
( is)1 94(command was invoked: it)3 1033 2 4273 2304 t
( such as)2 324(the same except for architecture\255dependent bindings)5 2111 2 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(/bin)3544 2424 w
10 R f
(and the use of fast paths to file servers,)8 1587 1 3813 2424 t
(if available.)1 471 1 1080 2544 t
(If a)1 142 1 1080 2712 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1254 2712 w
10 R f
( executed by)2 520(argument is present, the remainder of the command line is)9 2387 2 1406 2712 t
10 I f
(rc)4346 2712 w
10 R f
(on the server, and then)4 938 1 4462 2712 t
10 I f
(cpu)1080 2832 w
10 R f
(exits.)1249 2832 w
(The name space is built by running)6 1470 1 1080 3000 t
10 CW f
(/usr/$user/lib/profile)2586 3000 w
10 R f
( of the invoking name)4 925(with the root)2 533 2 3942 3000 t
(space bound to)2 639 1 1080 3120 t
10 CW f
(/mnt/term)1764 3120 w
10 R f
(. The)1 250 1 2304 3120 t
10 CW f
(service)2599 3120 w
10 R f
(environment variable is set to)4 1262 1 3064 3120 t
10 CW f
(cpu)4371 3120 w
10 R f
(; the)1 195 1 4551 3120 t
10 CW f
(cputype)4791 3120 w
10 R f
(and)5256 3120 w
10 CW f
(objtype)1080 3240 w
10 R f
(environment variables reflect the server's architecture.)5 2176 1 1525 3240 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3408 t
10 R f
(The name space of the terminal side of the)8 1848 1 1080 3528 t
10 CW f
(cpu)2972 3528 w
10 R f
( side on directory)3 756(command is mounted on the CPU)5 1448 2 3196 3528 t
10 CW f
(/mnt/term)1080 3648 w
10 R f
(.)1620 3648 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3816 t
10 I f
(rc)1080 3936 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1171 3936 w
10 I f
(, 8\275)1 175 1 1295 3936 t
10 R f
(\(1\))1478 3936 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4104 t
10 R f
(Binds and mounts done after the terminal)6 1654 1 1080 4224 t
10 CW f
(lib/profile)2759 4224 w
10 R f
(is run are not reflected in the new name space.)9 1850 1 3444 4224 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 41)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( DATE)1 4134(DATE \( 1 \))3 406 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(date)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1271 1080 w
10 R f
(print the date)2 527 1 1361 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(date)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 I f
(option)1403 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1684 1368 t
10 I f
(seconds)1800 1368 w
10 R f
(])2141 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
(Print the date, in the format)5 1099 1 1080 1656 t
10 CW f
(Tue Aug 16 17:03:52 CDT 1977)5 1680 1 1440 1824 t
10 R f
(The options are)2 621 1 1080 1992 t
10 CW f
(\255u)1080 2160 w
10 R f
(Report Greenwich Mean Time \(GMT\) rather than local time.)8 2436 1 1440 2160 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 2328 w
10 R f
(Report the date as the number of seconds since the epoch, 00:00:00 local time, January 1, 1970.)16 3822 1 1440 2328 t
( depends on the)3 642(The conversion from Greenwich Mean Time to local time)8 2352 2 1080 2496 t
10 CW f
($timezone)4105 2496 w
10 R f
(environment vari\255)1 724 1 4676 2496 t
(able; see)1 346 1 1080 2616 t
10 I f
(ctime)1451 2616 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)1675 2616 w
(If the optional argument)3 968 1 1080 2784 t
10 I f
(seconds)2073 2784 w
10 R f
(is present, it is used as the time to convert rather than the real time.)14 2674 1 2414 2784 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2952 t
10 CW f
(/env/timezone)1080 3072 w
10 R f
(Current timezone name and adjustments.)4 1634 1 2340 3072 t
10 CW f
(/adm/timezone)1080 3192 w
10 R f
(A directory containing timezone tables.)4 1578 1 2340 3192 t
10 CW f
(/adm/timezone/local)1080 3312 w
10 R f
(Default timezone file, copied by)4 1289 1 2340 3312 t
10 I f
(init)3654 3312 w
10 R f
(\(8\) into)1 297 1 3796 3312 t
10 CW f
(/env/timezone)4118 3312 w
10 R f
(.)4898 3312 w
( 42)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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69 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( DB)1 4261(DB \( 1 \))3 279 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(db, dbfmt)1 389 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1494 1080 w
10 R f
(debugger)1584 1080 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(db)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1368 t
10 I f
(textfile)1780 1368 w
10 R f
([)2077 1368 w
10 I f
(memfile)2135 1368 w
10 R f
(] ])1 91 1 2476 1368 t
10 CW f
(db)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1225 1536 w
10 CW f
(\255k)1283 1536 w
10 R f
(])1428 1536 w
10 I f
(pid)1486 1536 w
10 CW f
(dbfmt)1080 1704 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 I f
(Db)1080 1992 w
10 R f
( may be used to examine files and to provide a controlled)11 2376( It)1 119(is a general purpose debugging program.)5 1670 3 1235 1992 t
(environment for the execution of Plan 9 programs.)7 2019 1 1080 2112 t
10 I f
(Textfile)1080 2280 w
10 R f
(is normally an executable program file or)6 1676 1 1409 2280 t
10 CW f
(/proc/)3114 2280 w
10 I f
(pid)3482 2280 w
10 CW f
(/text)3618 2280 w
10 I f
(. Memfile)1 406 1 3926 2280 t
10 R f
( a)1 74(is the memory image of)4 965 2 4361 2280 t
(process, usually obtained from)3 1235 1 1080 2400 t
10 CW f
(/proc/)2343 2400 w
10 I f
(pid)2711 2400 w
10 CW f
(/mem)2847 2400 w
10 I f
(.)3095 2400 w
10 R f
(If there is exactly one argument, and it is numeric, then)10 2227 1 3173 2400 t
(it is used as a)4 533 1 1080 2520 t
10 I f
(pid)1638 2520 w
10 R f
(to find the)2 411 1 1791 2520 t
10 CW f
(text)2227 2520 w
10 R f
(and)2492 2520 w
10 CW f
(mem)2661 2520 w
10 R f
(files in)1 275 1 2866 2520 t
10 CW f
(/proc/)3166 2520 w
10 I f
(pid)3534 2520 w
10 CW f
(.)3670 2520 w
10 R f
(Requests to)1 464 1 1080 2688 t
10 I f
(db)1569 2688 w
10 R f
( options are)2 466( The)1 205(are read from the standard input and responses are to the standard output.)12 2924 3 1694 2688 t
10 CW f
(\255k)1080 2856 w
10 I f
(pid)1233 2856 w
10 R f
(Use the kernel for the)4 864 1 1440 2856 t
10 I f
(textfile)2329 2856 w
10 R f
(and)2626 2856 w
10 I f
(memfile)2795 2856 w
10 R f
(, with the kernel stack of process)6 1311 1 3119 2856 t
10 I f
(pid)4455 2856 w
10 R f
(.)4591 2856 w
10 CW f
(\255w)1080 3024 w
10 R f
(Create)1440 3024 w
10 I f
(textfile)1725 3024 w
10 R f
(and)2022 3024 w
10 I f
(memfile)2191 3024 w
10 R f
(if they don't exist; open them for writing as well as reading.)11 2397 1 2532 3024 t
10 CW f
(\255I)1080 3192 w
10 I f
(path)1208 3192 w
10 R f
(Directory in which to look for relative path names in)9 2105 1 1440 3192 t
10 CW f
($<)3570 3192 w
10 R f
(and)3715 3192 w
10 CW f
($<<)3884 3192 w
10 R f
(commands.)4089 3192 w
10 CW f
(\255m)1080 3360 w
10 I f
(machine)1208 3360 w
10 R f
(Assume instructions are for the given CPU type \(one of)9 2366 1 1440 3480 t
10 CW f
(386)3847 3480 w
10 R f
(,)4027 3480 w
10 CW f
(68020)4094 3480 w
10 R f
(,)4394 3480 w
10 CW f
(960)4461 3480 w
10 R f
(,)4641 3480 w
10 CW f
(hobbit)4708 3480 w
10 R f
(,)5068 3480 w
10 CW f
(mips)5135 3480 w
10 R f
(,)5375 3480 w
10 CW f
(mipsco)1440 3600 w
10 R f
(,)1800 3600 w
10 CW f
(sparc)1856 3600 w
10 R f
(, or)1 139 1 2156 3600 t
10 CW f
(sunsparc)2326 3600 w
10 R f
( the text file to select the)6 1012(\) instead of using the magic number in)7 1582 2 2806 3600 t
(CPU type.)1 417 1 1440 3720 t
(In general requests to)3 856 1 1080 3888 t
10 I f
(db)1961 3888 w
10 R f
( requests on one line must be separated by)8 1686( Multiple)1 395(have the following form.)3 993 3 2086 3888 t
10 CW f
(;)5185 3888 w
10 R f
(.)5245 3888 w
([)1440 4056 w
10 I f
(address)1481 4056 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1800 4056 t
10 CW f
(,)1891 4056 w
10 I f
(count)1976 4056 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2206 4056 t
10 I f
(command)2305 4056 w
10 R f
(])2701 4056 w
(If)1080 4224 w
10 I f
(address)1180 4224 w
10 R f
(is present then the current position, called `dot', is set to)10 2342 1 1525 4224 t
10 I f
(address)3902 4224 w
10 R f
( In)1 143( dot is set to 0.)5 634(. Initially)1 402 3 4221 4224 t
(general commands are repeated)3 1298 1 1080 4344 t
10 I f
(count)2416 4344 w
10 R f
( default)1 315( The)1 218( advances between repetitions.)3 1258(times. Dot)1 455 4 2676 4344 t
10 I f
(count)4960 4344 w
10 R f
(is 1.)1 180 1 5220 4344 t
10 I f
(Address)1080 4464 w
10 R f
(and)1427 4464 w
10 I f
(count)1596 4464 w
10 R f
(are expressions.)1 637 1 1843 4464 t
( s)1 2( on ns)2 93( io)1 52( ss si)2 71( es)1 41( re)1 46( xp pr)2 87(E Ex)1 113 8 870 4632 t
(Expressions are evaluated as long ints.)5 1542 1 1080 4752 t
10 CW f
(.)1080 4920 w
10 R f
(The value of dot.)3 682 1 1440 4920 t
10 CW f
(+)1080 5088 w
10 R f
(The value of dot incremented by the current increment.)8 2203 1 1440 5088 t
10 CW f
(^)1080 5256 w
10 R f
(The value of dot decremented by the current increment.)8 2219 1 1440 5256 t
10 CW f
(")1080 5424 w
10 R f
(The last)1 319 1 1440 5424 t
10 I f
(address)1784 5424 w
10 R f
(typed.)2120 5424 w
10 I f
(integer)1080 5592 w
10 R f
( prefixes)1 351( The)1 210(A number, in decimal radix by default.)6 1583 3 1440 5592 t
10 CW f
(0)3614 5592 w
10 R f
(and)3704 5592 w
10 CW f
(0o)3878 5592 w
10 R f
(and)4028 5592 w
10 CW f
(0O)4202 5592 w
10 R f
( force interpreta\255)2 681(\(zero oh\))1 367 2 4352 5592 t
( the prefixes)2 507(tion in octal radix;)3 760 2 1440 5712 t
10 CW f
(0t)2739 5712 w
10 R f
(and)2891 5712 w
10 CW f
(0T)3067 5712 w
10 R f
(force interpretation in decimal radix; the prefixes)6 2004 1 3219 5712 t
10 CW f
(0x)5255 5712 w
10 R f
(,)5375 5712 w
10 CW f
(0X)1440 5832 w
10 R f
(, and)1 198 1 1560 5832 t
10 CW f
(#)1787 5832 w
10 R f
( Thus)1 254(force interpretation in hexadecimal radix.)4 1670 2 1876 5832 t
10 CW f
(020)3829 5832 w
10 R f
(,)4009 5832 w
10 CW f
(0o20)4063 5832 w
10 R f
(,)4303 5832 w
10 CW f
(0t16)4357 5832 w
10 R f
(, and)1 198 1 4597 5832 t
10 CW f
(#10)4824 5832 w
10 R f
(all repre\255)1 367 1 5033 5832 t
(sent sixteen.)1 494 1 1440 5952 t
10 I f
(integer)1080 6120 w
10 CW f
(.)1371 6120 w
10 I f
(fraction)1439 6120 w
10 R f
(A single\255precision floating point number.)4 1657 1 1440 6240 t
10 CW f
(')1080 6408 w
10 I f
(c)1148 6408 w
10 CW f
(')1216 6408 w
10 R f
(The)1440 6408 w
9 R f
(Unicode)1618 6408 w
10 R f
(value of a character.)3 807 1 1948 6408 t
10 CW f
(\\)2805 6408 w
10 R f
(may be used to escape a)5 961 1 2890 6408 t
10 CW f
(')3876 6408 w
10 R f
(.)3936 6408 w
10 CW f
(<)1080 6576 w
10 I f
(name)1148 6576 w
10 R f
(The value of)2 512 1 1440 6576 t
10 I f
(name)1981 6576 w
10 R f
(, which is either a variable name or a register name.)10 2101 1 2205 6576 t
10 I f
(db)4360 6576 w
10 R f
(maintains a number of)3 911 1 4489 6576 t
( by the)2 286( register names are those printed)5 1334( The)1 213(variables named by single letters or digits.)6 1738 4 1440 6696 t
10 CW f
($r)5043 6696 w
10 R f
(com\255)5195 6696 w
(mand.)1440 6816 w
10 I f
(symbol)1080 6984 w
10 R f
(A)1440 6984 w
10 I f
(symbol)1548 6984 w
10 R f
(is a sequence of upper or lower case letters, underscores or digits, not starting with a)15 3533 1 1867 6984 t
(digit.)1440 7104 w
10 CW f
(\\)1702 7104 w
10 R f
( location of the)3 608( The)1 207( escape other characters.)3 979(may be used to)3 611 4 1790 7104 t
10 I f
(symbol)4222 7104 w
10 R f
(is calculated from the)3 868 1 4532 7104 t
(symbol table in)2 617 1 1440 7224 t
10 I f
(textfile)2082 7224 w
10 R f
(.)2362 7224 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 43)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( DB)1 4261(DB \( 1 \))3 279 3 720 480 t
10 I f
(routine)1080 960 w
10 CW f
(.)1377 960 w
10 I f
(name)1445 960 w
10 R f
(The address of the variable)4 1100 1 1440 1080 t
10 I f
(name)2570 1080 w
10 R f
( Both)1 250(in the specified C routine.)4 1055 2 2816 1080 t
10 I f
(routine)4151 1080 w
10 R f
(and)4471 1080 w
10 I f
(name)4646 1080 w
10 R f
(are)4893 1080 w
10 I f
(symbols)5045 1080 w
10 R f
(.)5375 1080 w
(If)1440 1200 w
10 I f
(name)1545 1200 w
10 R f
( recently activated C stack frame corre\255)6 1650(is omitted the value is the address of the most)9 1950 2 1800 1200 t
(sponding to)1 470 1 1440 1320 t
10 I f
(routine)1935 1320 w
10 R f
(; if)1 114 1 2232 1320 t
10 I f
(routine)2371 1320 w
10 R f
(is omitted, the active procedure is assumed.)6 1742 1 2685 1320 t
10 I f
(file)1080 1488 w
10 CW f
(:)1216 1488 w
10 I f
(integer)1284 1488 w
10 R f
( line number)2 507(The address of the instruction corresponding to the C source statement at the indicated)13 3453 2 1440 1608 t
( the source line contains no executable statement, the address of the instruction asso\255)13 3422( If)1 119(of the file.)2 419 3 1440 1728 t
( files of)2 311( multiple)1 361( If)1 118( begin at line 1.)4 627( Files)1 247(ciated with the nearest executable source line is returned.)8 2296 6 1440 1848 t
( to the first file encountered in the)7 1405(the same name are loaded, an expression of this form resolves)10 2555 2 1440 1968 t
(symbol table.)1 539 1 1440 2088 t
10 CW f
(\()1080 2256 w
10 I f
(exp)1148 2256 w
10 CW f
(\))1294 2256 w
10 R f
(The value of the expression)4 1103 1 1440 2256 t
10 I f
(exp.)2568 2256 w
(Monadic operators)1 769 1 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(*)1080 2592 w
10 I f
(exp)1148 2592 w
10 R f
(The contents of the location addressed by)6 1658 1 1440 2592 t
10 I f
(exp)3123 2592 w
10 R f
(in)3286 2592 w
10 I f
(memfile)3389 2592 w
10 R f
(.)3713 2592 w
10 CW f
(@)1080 2760 w
10 I f
(exp)1148 2760 w
10 R f
(The contents of the location addressed by)6 1658 1 1440 2760 t
10 I f
(exp)3123 2760 w
10 R f
(in)3286 2760 w
10 I f
(textfile)3389 2760 w
10 R f
(.)3669 2760 w
10 CW f
(\255)1080 2928 w
10 I f
(exp)1148 2928 w
10 R f
(Integer negation.)1 676 1 1440 2928 t
10 CW f
(~)1080 3096 w
10 I f
(exp)1148 3096 w
10 R f
(Bitwise complement.)1 850 1 1440 3096 t
10 CW f
(%)1080 3264 w
10 I f
(exp)1148 3264 w
10 R f
(If)1440 3264 w
10 I f
(exp)1531 3264 w
10 R f
(is used as an address, it is in register space; see `Addresses'.)11 2403 1 1694 3264 t
10 I f
(Dyadic operators)1 702 1 1080 3432 t
10 R f
(are left associative and are less binding than monadic operators.)9 2550 1 1807 3432 t
10 I f
(e1)1080 3600 w
10 CW f
(+)1182 3600 w
10 I f
(e2)1250 3600 w
10 R f
(Integer addition.)1 660 1 1440 3600 t
10 I f
(e1)1080 3768 w
10 CW f
(\255)1182 3768 w
10 I f
(e2)1250 3768 w
10 R f
(Integer subtraction.)1 776 1 1440 3768 t
10 I f
(e1)1080 3936 w
10 CW f
(*)1182 3936 w
10 I f
(e2)1250 3936 w
10 R f
(Integer multiplication.)1 894 1 1440 3936 t
10 I f
(e1)1080 4104 w
10 CW f
(%)1182 4104 w
10 I f
(e2)1250 4104 w
10 R f
(Integer division.)1 655 1 1440 4104 t
10 I f
(e1)1080 4272 w
10 CW f
(&)1182 4272 w
10 I f
(e2)1250 4272 w
10 R f
(Bitwise conjunction.)1 828 1 1440 4272 t
10 I f
(e1)1080 4440 w
10 CW f
(|)1182 4440 w
10 I f
(e2)1250 4440 w
10 R f
(Bitwise disjunction.)1 801 1 1440 4440 t
10 I f
(e1)1080 4608 w
10 CW f
(#)1182 4608 w
10 I f
(e2 E1)1 301 1 1250 4608 t
10 R f
(rounded up to the next multiple of)6 1366 1 1576 4608 t
10 I f
(e2)2967 4608 w
10 R f
(.)3069 4608 w
( s)1 2( nd ds)2 93( an)1 52( mm ma)2 126( om)1 80(C Co)1 119 6 870 4776 t
( following verbs are)3 843( The)1 219( list of modifiers.)3 731(Most commands consist of a verb followed by a modifier or)10 2527 4 1080 4896 t
( commands)1 458(available. \(The)1 623 2 1080 5016 t
10 CW f
(?)2186 5016 w
10 R f
(and)2271 5016 w
10 CW f
(/)2440 5016 w
10 R f
(may be followed by)3 796 1 2525 5016 t
10 CW f
(*)3346 5016 w
10 R f
(; see `Addresses' for further details.\))5 1462 1 3406 5016 t
10 CW f
(?)1080 5184 w
10 I f
(f)1148 5184 w
10 R f
(Locations starting at)2 816 1 1440 5184 t
10 I f
(address)2281 5184 w
10 R f
(in)2617 5184 w
10 I f
(textfile)2720 5184 w
10 R f
(are printed according to the format)5 1388 1 3017 5184 t
10 I f
(f)4430 5184 w
10 R f
(.)4466 5184 w
10 CW f
(/)1080 5352 w
10 I f
(f)1148 5352 w
10 R f
(Locations starting at)2 816 1 1440 5352 t
10 I f
(address)2281 5352 w
10 R f
(in)2617 5352 w
10 I f
(memfile)2720 5352 w
10 R f
(are printed according to the format)5 1388 1 3061 5352 t
10 I f
(f.)4474 5352 w
10 CW f
(=)1080 5520 w
10 I f
(f)1148 5520 w
10 R f
(The value of)2 504 1 1440 5520 t
10 I f
(address)1969 5520 w
10 R f
(itself is printed in the styles indicated by the format)9 2057 1 2305 5520 t
10 I f
(f)4387 5520 w
10 R f
(.)4423 5520 w
(A)1080 5688 w
10 I f
(format)1181 5688 w
10 R f
( format character may be)4 1016( Each)1 254( style of printing.)3 704(consists of one or more characters that specify a)8 1949 4 1477 5688 t
( no format is given then the)6 1117( If)1 119( is a repeat count for the format character.)8 1693(preceded by a decimal integer that)5 1391 4 1080 5808 t
(last format is used.)3 755 1 1080 5928 t
( advance \(a local copy of\) dot by the number of bytes)11 2285(Most format letters fetch some data, print it, and)8 2035 2 1080 6096 t
( total number of bytes in a format becomes the)9 1861(fetched. The)1 523 2 1080 6216 t
10 I f
(current increment.)1 743 1 3489 6216 t
10 CW f
(o)1440 6384 w
10 R f
(Print two\255byte integer in octal.)4 1224 1 1800 6384 t
10 CW f
(O)1440 6504 w
10 R f
(Print four\255byte integer in octal.)4 1240 1 1800 6504 t
10 CW f
(q)1440 6624 w
10 R f
(Print two\255byte in signed octal.)4 1208 1 1800 6624 t
10 CW f
(Q)1440 6744 w
10 R f
(Print four\255byte in signed octal.)4 1224 1 1800 6744 t
10 CW f
(d)1440 6864 w
10 R f
(Print two\255byte in decimal.)3 1044 1 1800 6864 t
10 CW f
(D)1440 6984 w
10 R f
(Print four\255byte in decimal.)3 1060 1 1800 6984 t
10 CW f
(x)1440 7104 w
10 R f
(Print two\255byte in hexadecimal.)3 1232 1 1800 7104 t
( 44)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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71 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( DB)1 4261(DB \( 1 \))3 279 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(X)1440 960 w
10 R f
(Print four\255byte in hexadecimal.)3 1248 1 1800 960 t
10 CW f
(u)1440 1080 w
10 R f
(Print two\255byte in unsigned decimal.)4 1430 1 1800 1080 t
10 CW f
(U)1440 1200 w
10 R f
(Print four\255byte in unsigned decimal.)4 1446 1 1800 1200 t
10 CW f
(f)1440 1320 w
10 R f
(Print as a single\255precision floating point number.)6 1957 1 1800 1320 t
10 CW f
(F)1440 1440 w
10 R f
(Print double\255precision floating point.)3 1483 1 1800 1440 t
10 CW f
(b)1440 1560 w
10 R f
(Print the addressed byte in hexadecimal.)5 1614 1 1800 1560 t
10 CW f
(c)1440 1680 w
10 R f
(Print the addressed byte as an)5 1184 1 1800 1680 t
9 R f
(ASCII)3007 1680 w
10 R f
(character.)3267 1680 w
10 CW f
(C)1440 1800 w
10 R f
( Printable)1 422(Print the addressed byte as a character.)6 1614 2 1800 1800 t
9 R f
(ASCII)3870 1800 w
10 R f
( represented nor\255)2 699(characters are)1 560 2 4141 1800 t
(mally; others are printed in the form)6 1448 1 1800 1920 t
10 CW f
(\\xnn)3273 1920 w
10 I f
(.)3521 1920 w
10 CW f
(s)1440 2040 w
10 R f
(Print the addressed characters, as a)5 1410 1 1800 2040 t
9 R f
(UTF)3237 2040 w
10 R f
( dot)1 157( Advance)1 408(string, until a zero byte is reached.)6 1399 3 3436 2040 t
(by the length of the string, including the zero terminator.)9 2267 1 1800 2160 t
10 CW f
(S)1440 2280 w
10 R f
(Print a string using the escape convention \(see)7 1850 1 1800 2280 t
10 CW f
(C)3675 2280 w
10 R f
(above\).)3760 2280 w
10 CW f
(r)1440 2400 w
10 R f
(Print the addressed two\255byte integer as a rune.)7 1846 1 1800 2400 t
10 CW f
(R)1440 2520 w
10 R f
( dot)1 160( Advance)1 411(Print the addressed two\255byte integers as runes until a zero rune is reached.)12 3029 3 1800 2520 t
(by the length of the string, including the zero terminator.)9 2267 1 1800 2640 t
10 CW f
(Y)1440 2760 w
10 R f
(Print a four\255byte integer in date format \(see)7 1732 1 1800 2760 t
10 I f
(ctime)3557 2760 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\).)3781 2760 w
10 CW f
(i)1440 2880 w
10 R f
( be set to)3 361( to)1 128( style of printing causes variables 0, \(1, ...\))8 1700( This)1 228(Print as machine instructions.)3 1183 5 1800 2880 t
( of the instruction.)3 733( operand)1 371(the offset parts of the first \(second, ...\))7 1527 3 1800 3000 t
10 CW f
(I)1440 3120 w
10 R f
(As)1800 3120 w
10 CW f
(i)1972 3120 w
10 R f
( form if possible:)3 797(above, but print the machine instructions in an alternate)8 2510 2 2093 3120 t
10 CW f
(sunsparc)1800 3240 w
10 R f
(and)2305 3240 w
10 CW f
(mipsco)2474 3240 w
10 R f
(reproduce the manufacturers' syntax.)3 1484 1 2859 3240 t
10 CW f
(M)1440 3360 w
10 R f
(Print the addressed machine instruction in a machine dependent hexadecimal form.)10 3319 1 1800 3360 t
10 CW f
(a)1440 3480 w
10 R f
( is unaffected.)2 562( Dot)1 200(Print the value of dot in symbolic form.)7 1583 3 1800 3480 t
10 CW f
(z)1440 3600 w
10 R f
( function name, source file, and line number corresponding to dot \(textfile only\).)12 3256(Print the)1 344 2 1800 3600 t
(Dot is unaffected.)2 712 1 1800 3720 t
10 CW f
(p)1440 3840 w
10 R f
( is advanced by the size of a machine)8 1581( Dot)1 212( form.)1 256(Print the addressed value in symbolic)5 1551 4 1800 3840 t
(address.)1800 3960 w
10 CW f
(t)1440 4080 w
10 R f
( example,)1 405( For)1 206( tabs to the next appropriate tab stop.)7 1595(When preceded by an integer)4 1232 4 1800 4080 t
10 CW f
(8t)5280 4080 w
10 R f
( is unaffected.)2 562( Dot)1 200(moves to the next 8\255space tab stop.)6 1401 3 1800 4200 t
10 CW f
(n)1440 4320 w
10 R f
( is unaffected.)2 562( Dot)1 200(Print a newline.)2 630 3 1800 4320 t
10 CW f
(")1440 4440 w
10 R f
(...)1500 4440 w
10 CW f
(")1575 4440 w
10 R f
( is unaffected.)2 562( Dot)1 200(Print the enclosed string.)3 994 3 1800 4440 t
10 CW f
(^)1440 4560 w
10 R f
( is printed.)2 425( Nothing)1 378(Dot is decremented by the current increment.)6 1804 3 1800 4560 t
10 CW f
(+)1440 4680 w
10 R f
( is printed.)2 425( Nothing)1 378(Dot is incremented by 1.)4 985 3 1800 4680 t
10 CW f
(\255)1440 4800 w
10 R f
( is printed.)2 425( Nothing)1 378(Dot is decremented by 1.)4 1001 3 1800 4800 t
( the previous command with a)5 1207( Repeat)1 327( dot by the current increment.)5 1181(newline Update)1 648 4 1080 4968 t
10 I f
(count)4468 4968 w
10 R f
(of 1.)1 183 1 4715 4968 t
([)1080 5136 w
10 CW f
(?/)1113 5136 w
10 R f
(])1233 5136 w
10 CW f
(l)1266 5136 w
10 I f
(value mask)1 446 1 1351 5136 t
10 R f
(Words starting at dot are masked with)6 1538 1 1440 5256 t
10 I f
(mask)3006 5256 w
10 R f
(and compared with)2 771 1 3239 5256 t
10 I f
(value)4038 5256 w
10 R f
( If)1 120(until a match is found.)4 909 2 4282 5256 t
10 CW f
(l)5340 5256 w
10 R f
( the match is for a two\255byte integer;)7 1442(is used,)1 303 2 1440 5376 t
10 CW f
(L)3212 5376 w
10 R f
( no match is found then dot is)7 1200( If)1 118(matches four bytes.)2 783 3 3299 5376 t
( If)1 116(unchanged; otherwise dot is set to the matched location.)8 2239 2 1440 5496 t
10 I f
(mask)3820 5496 w
10 R f
(is omitted then \2240 is used.)5 1028 1 4050 5496 t
([)1080 5664 w
10 CW f
(?/)1113 5664 w
10 R f
(])1233 5664 w
10 CW f
(w)1266 5664 w
10 I f
(value ...)1 316 1 1351 5664 t
10 R f
(Write the two\255byte)2 754 1 1440 5784 t
10 I f
(value)2219 5784 w
10 R f
( the command is)3 658( If)1 116(into the addressed location.)3 1093 3 2460 5784 t
10 CW f
(W)4352 5784 w
10 R f
(, write four bytes.)3 707 1 4412 5784 t
([)1080 5952 w
10 CW f
(?/)1113 5952 w
10 R f
(])1233 5952 w
10 CW f
(m)1266 5952 w
10 I f
(s b e f)3 236 1 1351 5952 t
10 R f
([)1612 5952 w
10 CW f
(?)1645 5952 w
10 R f
(])1705 5952 w
(New values for \()3 688 1 1440 6072 t
10 I f
(b, e, f)2 222 1 2136 6072 t
10 R f
(\) in the map entry named)5 1036 1 2366 6072 t
10 I f
(s)3434 6072 w
10 R f
( map entry names are)4 885( Valid)1 280(are recorded.)1 527 3 3506 6072 t
10 I f
(text,)5231 6072 w
(data, ublock,)1 534 1 1440 6192 t
10 R f
(or)2014 6192 w
10 I f
(regs)2136 6192 w
10 R f
( less than three address expressions are given then the remaining map)11 2929(. If)1 155 2 2316 6192 t
( If)1 119( unchanged in any case.)4 962( address type \(instruction or data\) is)6 1443( The)1 207(parameters are left unchanged.)3 1229 5 1440 6312 t
(the list is terminated by)4 943 1 1440 6432 t
10 CW f
(?)2408 6432 w
10 R f
(or)2493 6432 w
10 CW f
(/)2601 6432 w
10 R f
(then the file \()3 535 1 2686 6432 t
10 I f
(textfile)3229 6432 w
10 R f
(or)3526 6432 w
10 I f
(memfile)3634 6432 w
10 R f
(respectively\) is used for subsequent)4 1425 1 3975 6432 t
( example,)1 388(requests. For)1 541 2 1440 6552 t
10 CW f
(/m?)2394 6552 w
10 R f
(causes)2599 6552 w
10 CW f
(/)2884 6552 w
10 R f
(to refer to)2 393 1 2969 6552 t
10 I f
(textfile)3387 6552 w
10 R f
(.)3667 6552 w
10 CW f
(>)1080 6720 w
10 I f
(name)1148 6720 w
10 R f
(Dot is assigned to the variable or register named.)8 1955 1 1440 6720 t
10 CW f
(!)1080 6888 w
10 R f
(Tem rest of the line is passed to the)8 1415 1 1440 6888 t
10 I f
(rc)2880 6888 w
10 R f
(\(1\) for execution.)2 695 1 2971 6888 t
10 CW f
($)1080 7056 w
10 I f
(modifier)1148 7056 w
10 R f
( available)1 385( The)1 205(Miscellaneous commands.)1 1060 3 1440 7176 t
10 I f
(modifiers)3115 7176 w
10 R f
(are:)3518 7176 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 45)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( DB)1 4261(DB \( 1 \))3 279 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(<)1440 960 w
10 I f
(f)1508 960 w
10 R f
( file)1 161(Read commands from the)3 1035 2 1800 960 t
10 I f
(f)3024 960 w
10 R f
( this command is executed in a file, further commands)9 2196(. If)1 144 2 3060 960 t
( If)1 116(in the file are not seen.)5 914 2 1800 1080 t
10 I f
(f)2855 1080 w
10 R f
( a)1 69( If)1 116(is omitted, the current input stream is terminated.)7 1968 3 2908 1080 t
10 I f
(count)5086 1080 w
10 R f
(is)5333 1080 w
( is placed in variable)4 850( value of the count)4 763( The)1 210(given, and is zero, the command is ignored.)7 1777 4 1800 1200 t
10 CW f
(9)1800 1320 w
10 R f
(before the first command in)4 1125 1 1889 1320 t
10 I f
(f)3043 1320 w
10 R f
( this command is to print)5 1013( common use for)3 686( A)1 126(is executed.)1 475 4 3100 1320 t
( The)1 221(the fields of a structure.)4 1005 2 1800 1440 t
10 I f
(dbfmt)3067 1440 w
10 R f
(program takes a structure description on standard)6 2064 1 3336 1440 t
( in a)2 172(input and produces a file on standard output suitable for use)10 2401 2 1800 1560 t
10 I f
(addr)4398 1560 w
10 CW f
($<)4595 1560 w
10 I f
(f)4723 1560 w
10 R f
(command. The)1 624 1 4776 1560 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1800 1680 w
10 I f
(name)1928 1680 w
10 R f
(option of)1 364 1 2169 1680 t
10 I f
(2c)2558 1680 w
10 R f
(\(1\) produces a structure description for structure or union)8 2289 1 2660 1680 t
10 I f
(name)4974 1680 w
10 R f
(.)5198 1680 w
10 CW f
(<<)1440 1800 w
10 I f
(f)1568 1800 w
10 R f
(Similar to)1 407 1 1800 1800 t
10 CW f
(<)2241 1800 w
10 R f
(except it can be used in a file of commands without causing the file to be)15 3065 1 2335 1800 t
(closed. Variable)1 680 1 1800 1920 t
10 CW f
(9)2512 1920 w
10 R f
( command, and restored when it)5 1311(is saved during the execution of this)6 1485 2 2604 1920 t
( is a \(small\) limit to the number of)8 1372(completes. There)1 712 2 1800 2040 t
10 CW f
(<<)3909 2040 w
10 R f
(files that can be open at once.)6 1183 1 4054 2040 t
10 CW f
(>)1440 2160 w
10 I f
(f)1508 2160 w
10 R f
(Append output to the file)4 1021 1 1800 2160 t
10 I f
(f)2850 2160 w
10 R f
( If)1 120(, which is created if it does not exist.)8 1497 2 2886 2160 t
10 I f
(f)4532 2160 w
10 R f
(is omitted, output is)3 811 1 4589 2160 t
(returned to the terminal.)3 965 1 1800 2280 t
10 CW f
(?)1440 2400 w
10 R f
( caused stopping or termination, as well as the regis\255)9 2124(Print process id, the condition which)5 1476 2 1800 2400 t
( is the default if)4 627(ters. This)1 397 2 1800 2520 t
10 I f
(modifier)2849 2520 w
10 R f
(is omitted.)1 423 1 3213 2520 t
10 CW f
(r)1440 2640 w
10 R f
(Print the general registers and the instruction addressed by)8 2335 1 1800 2640 t
10 CW f
(pc)4160 2640 w
10 R f
( is set to)3 331(. Dot)1 225 2 4280 2640 t
10 CW f
(pc)4861 2640 w
10 R f
(.)4981 2640 w
10 CW f
(R)1440 2760 w
10 R f
(Like)1800 2760 w
10 CW f
($r)2011 2760 w
10 R f
( and floating)2 513(, but include miscellaneous registers such as the kernel stack pointer)10 2756 2 2131 2760 t
(point registers.)1 594 1 1800 2880 t
10 CW f
(f)1440 3000 w
10 R f
(Print floating\255point register values as single\255precision floating point numbers.)8 3106 1 1800 3000 t
10 CW f
(F)1440 3120 w
10 R f
(Print floating\255point register values as double\255precision floating point numbers.)8 3139 1 1800 3120 t
10 CW f
(b)1440 3240 w
10 R f
(Print all breakpoints and their associated counts and commands.)8 2561 1 1800 3240 t
10 CW f
(c)1440 3360 w
10 R f
( If)1 118(C stack backtrace.)2 732 2 1800 3360 t
10 I f
(address)2677 3360 w
10 R f
( it is taken as the address of the current frame;)10 1870(is given then)2 515 2 3015 3360 t
( If)1 117(otherwise, the current C frame pointer is used.)7 1856 2 1800 3480 t
10 CW f
(C)3798 3480 w
10 R f
(is used then the names and \(long\) val\255)7 1517 1 3883 3480 t
( all parameters, automatic and static variables are printed for each active function.)12 3353(ues of)1 247 2 1800 3600 t
(If)1800 3720 w
10 I f
(count)1891 3720 w
10 R f
(is given then only the first)5 1047 1 2138 3720 t
10 I f
(count)3210 3720 w
10 R f
(frames are printed.)2 750 1 3457 3720 t
10 CW f
(a)1440 3840 w
10 R f
(Set the maximum number of arguments printed by)7 2067 1 1800 3840 t
10 CW f
($c)3900 3840 w
10 R f
(or)4053 3840 w
10 CW f
($C)4169 3840 w
10 R f
(to)4322 3840 w
10 I f
(address)4433 3840 w
10 R f
( default is)2 410(. The)1 238 2 4752 3840 t
(20.)1800 3960 w
10 CW f
(e)1440 4080 w
10 R f
(The names and values of all external variables are printed.)9 2327 1 1800 4080 t
10 CW f
(w)1440 4200 w
10 R f
(Set the page width for output to)6 1266 1 1800 4200 t
10 I f
(address)3091 4200 w
10 R f
(\(default 80\).)1 493 1 3427 4200 t
10 CW f
(s)1440 4320 w
10 R f
(Set the limit for symbol matches, used in printing addresses, to)10 2516 1 1800 4320 t
10 I f
(address)4341 4320 w
10 R f
(\(default 255\).)1 543 1 4677 4320 t
10 CW f
(q)1440 4440 w
10 R f
(Exit from)1 386 1 1800 4440 t
10 I f
(db)2211 4440 w
10 R f
(.)2319 4440 w
10 CW f
(v)1440 4560 w
10 R f
(Print all non zero variables.)4 1101 1 1800 4560 t
10 CW f
(m)1440 4680 w
10 R f
(Print the address maps.)3 927 1 1800 4680 t
10 CW f
(k)1440 4800 w
10 R f
(Simulate kernel memory management.)3 1548 1 1800 4800 t
10 CW f
(p)1440 4920 w
10 R f
(Use kernel data and stack maps for the specified process.)9 2277 1 1800 4920 t
10 CW f
($k)1800 5040 w
10 R f
(and)1945 5040 w
10 CW f
($p)2114 5040 w
10 R f
(are used for system debugging \(see the Examples section\).)8 2337 1 2259 5040 t
10 CW f
(M)1440 5160 w
10 I f
(machine)1508 5160 w
10 R f
(Set the)1 275 1 1800 5280 t
10 I f
(machine)2100 5280 w
10 R f
(type used for disassembling instructions.)4 1630 1 2463 5280 t
10 CW f
(:)1080 5448 w
10 I f
(modifier)1148 5448 w
10 R f
( modifiers are:)2 582( Available)1 438(Manage a subprocess.)2 878 3 1440 5568 t
10 CW f
(h)1440 5736 w
10 R f
( pro\255)1 207( for)1 156( Unnecessary)1 574(Halt an asynchronously running process to allow breakpointing.)7 2663 4 1800 5736 t
(cesses created under)2 813 1 1800 5856 t
10 I f
(db,)2638 5856 w
10 R f
(e.g. by)1 269 1 2788 5856 t
10 CW f
(:r)3082 5856 w
10 R f
(.)3202 5856 w
10 CW f
(b)1440 5976 w
10 I f
(c)1508 5976 w
10 R f
(Set breakpoint at)2 699 1 1800 5976 t
10 I f
(address)2535 5976 w
10 R f
( breakpoint is executed)3 956(. The)1 241 2 2854 5976 t
10 I f
(count)4087 5976 w
10 S1 f
(\261)4317 5976 w
10 R f
(1 times before causing a)4 1018 1 4382 5976 t
( if a command)3 589(stop. Also,)1 461 2 1800 6096 t
10 I f
(c)2880 6096 w
10 R f
( each breakpoint and if it sets dot to)8 1458(is given it is executed at)5 988 2 2954 6096 t
(zero the breakpoint causes a stop.)5 1341 1 1800 6216 t
10 CW f
(d)1440 6336 w
10 R f
(Delete breakpoint at)2 809 1 1800 6336 t
10 I f
(address)2634 6336 w
10 R f
(.)2953 6336 w
10 CW f
(r)1440 6456 w
10 R f
(Run)1800 6456 w
10 I f
(textfile)1994 6456 w
10 R f
( If)1 118(as a subprocess.)2 644 2 2293 6456 t
10 I f
(address)3083 6456 w
10 R f
(is given the program is entered at that point; oth\255)9 1978 1 3422 6456 t
( entry point is used.)4 806(erwise the standard)2 782 2 1800 6576 t
10 I f
(Count)3443 6576 w
10 R f
(specifies how many breakpoints are to be)6 1682 1 3718 6576 t
( supplied on the same line)5 1066( to the subprocess may be)5 1049( Arguments)1 498(ignored before stopping.)2 987 4 1800 6696 t
( argument starting with)3 939( An)1 175(as the command.)2 680 3 1800 6816 t
10 S f
(<)3621 6816 w
10 R f
(or)3703 6816 w
10 S f
(>)3813 6816 w
10 R f
(causes the standard input or output to)6 1505 1 3895 6816 t
(be established for the command.)4 1295 1 1800 6936 t
10 CW f
(c)1440 7056 w
10 I f
(s)1508 7056 w
10 R f
( If)1 125(The subprocess is continued.)3 1178 2 1800 7056 t
10 I f
(s)3137 7056 w
10 R f
(is omitted or nonzero, the subprocess is sent the note)9 2190 1 3210 7056 t
( the stop was due to a break\255)7 1188( \(If)1 156( specified, no note is sent.)5 1070( 0 is)2 183( If)1 124(that caused it to stop.)4 879 6 1800 7176 t
( Breakpoint)1 516( the corresponding note is elided before continuing.\))7 2245(point or single\255step,)2 839 3 1800 7296 t
( 46)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( DB)1 4261(DB \( 1 \))3 279 3 720 480 t
(skipping is the same as for)5 1063 1 1800 960 t
10 CW f
(r)2888 960 w
10 R f
(.)2948 960 w
10 CW f
(s)1440 1080 w
10 I f
(s)1508 1080 w
10 R f
(As for)1 255 1 1800 1080 t
10 CW f
(c)2083 1080 w
10 R f
( is single stepped for)4 843(except that the subprocess)3 1054 2 2171 1080 t
10 I f
(count)4097 1080 w
10 R f
( a)1 73( If)1 120(machine instructions.)1 859 3 4348 1080 t
( there is no current)4 748( If)1 116( received before the first instruction is executed.)7 1923(note is pending, it is)4 813 4 1800 1200 t
(subprocess then)1 640 1 1800 1320 t
10 I f
(textfile)2470 1320 w
10 R f
( subprocess as for)3 730(is run as a)3 417 2 2772 1320 t
10 CW f
(r)3950 1320 w
10 R f
( this case no note can be sent;)7 1226(. In)1 164 2 4010 1320 t
(the remainder of the line is treated as arguments to the subprocess.)11 2656 1 1800 1440 t
10 CW f
(S)1440 1560 w
10 I f
(s)1508 1560 w
10 R f
(Identical to)1 453 1 1800 1560 t
10 CW f
(s)2279 1560 w
10 R f
(except the subprocess is single stepped for)6 1703 1 2365 1560 t
10 I f
(count)4095 1560 w
10 R f
( opti\255)1 216( In)1 135(lines of C source.)3 705 3 4344 1560 t
( source and the machine instructions is)6 1722(mized code, the correspondence between C)5 1878 2 1800 1680 t
(approximate at best.)2 807 1 1800 1800 t
10 CW f
(x)1440 1920 w
10 R f
(The current subprocess, if any, is released by)7 1840 1 1800 1920 t
10 I f
(db)3672 1920 w
10 R f
(and allowed to continue executing nor\255)5 1596 1 3804 1920 t
(mally.)1800 2040 w
10 CW f
(k)1440 2160 w
10 R f
(The current subprocess, if any, is terminated.)6 1799 1 1800 2160 t
10 CW f
(n)1440 2280 w
10 I f
(c)1508 2280 w
10 R f
( If)1 116(Display the pending notes for the process.)6 1678 2 1800 2280 t
10 I f
(c)3619 2280 w
10 R f
(is specified, first delete)3 926 1 3688 2280 t
10 I f
(c'th)4639 2280 w
10 R f
(pending note.)1 544 1 4819 2280 t
( s)1 2( es)1 41( le)1 46( bl)1 30( ab)1 52( ia)1 46( ri)1 30( ar)1 35(V Va)1 118 9 870 2448 t
10 I f
(db)1080 2568 w
10 R f
( initially by)2 476( variables are set)3 685( Named)1 344(provides a number of variables.)4 1285 4 1211 2568 t
10 I f
(db)4033 2568 w
10 R f
(but are not used subsequently.)4 1235 1 4165 2568 t
(Numbered variables are reserved for communication as follows.)7 2560 1 1080 2688 t
10 CW f
(0)1080 2856 w
10 R f
(,)1140 2856 w
10 CW f
(1)1190 2856 w
10 R f
( if the)2 239( Meaningless)1 558( last instruction printed.)3 959( of the)2 259( operands)1 412( offset parts of the first, second, ...)7 1378( The)1 220(, ...)1 125 8 1250 2856 t
(operand was a register.)3 919 1 1440 2976 t
10 CW f
(9)1080 3096 w
10 R f
(The count on the last)4 838 1 1440 3096 t
10 CW f
($<)2303 3096 w
10 R f
(or)2448 3096 w
10 CW f
($<<)2556 3096 w
10 R f
(command.)2761 3096 w
(On entry the following are set from the system header in the)11 2481 1 1080 3264 t
10 I f
(memfile)3593 3264 w
10 R f
(. If)1 148 1 3917 3264 t
10 I f
(memfile)4097 3264 w
10 R f
( to be a)3 315(does not appear)2 640 2 4445 3264 t
(memory image then these values are set from)7 1810 1 1080 3384 t
10 I f
(textfile)2915 3384 w
10 R f
(.)3195 3384 w
10 CW f
(b)1080 3552 w
10 R f
(The base address of the data segment.)6 1510 1 1440 3552 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 3672 w
10 R f
(The data segment size.)3 909 1 1440 3672 t
10 CW f
(e)1080 3792 w
10 R f
(The entry point.)2 641 1 1440 3792 t
10 CW f
(m)1080 3912 w
10 R f
(The `magic' number \(see)3 1005 1 1440 3912 t
10 I f
(a.out)2470 3912 w
10 R f
(\(6\)\).)2681 3912 w
10 CW f
(s)1080 4032 w
10 R f
(The stack segment size.)3 948 1 1440 4032 t
10 CW f
(t)1080 4152 w
10 R f
(The text segment size.)3 893 1 1440 4152 t
( s)1 2( es)1 41( ss se)2 87( es)1 41( re)1 46( dd dr)2 87(A Ad)1 124 7 870 4320 t
( mapping associated with that file.)5 1386(The address in a file associated with a written address is determined by a)13 2934 2 1080 4440 t
(Each mapping is represented by one or more quadruples \()9 2312 1 1080 4560 t
10 I f
(t, b, e, f)3 303 1 3400 4560 t
10 R f
(\), mapping an address of type)5 1186 1 3711 4560 t
10 I f
(t)4923 4560 w
10 R f
(\(text, data,)1 424 1 4976 4560 t
(user block, or registers\) in the range)6 1450 1 1080 4680 t
10 I f
(b)2557 4680 w
10 R f
(through)2634 4680 w
10 I f
(e)2972 4680 w
10 R f
(to the part of the file beginning at address)8 1688 1 3043 4680 t
10 I f
(f)4759 4680 w
10 R f
( address)1 327(. An)1 200 2 4795 4680 t
10 I f
(a)5350 4680 w
10 R f
(of type)1 285 1 1080 4800 t
10 I f
(t)1395 4800 w
10 R f
( quadruple of type)3 741(is mapped to a file address by finding a)8 1610 2 1453 4800 t
10 I f
(t)3833 4800 w
10 R f
(, for which)2 443 1 3869 4800 t
10 I f
(b)4341 4800 w
10 S f
(\243)4399 4800 w
10 I f
(a)4462 4800 w
10 S f
(<)4520 4800 w
10 I f
(e)4583 4800 w
10 R f
(; the file address is)4 765 1 4635 4800 t
10 I f
(address)1080 4920 w
10 R f
(+)1399 4920 w
10 I f
(f)1463 4920 w
10 S f
(-)1499 4920 w
10 I f
(b)1562 4920 w
10 R f
( space address is not found, a second search is made for the same)13 2651( a special case, if a text)6 940(. As)1 189 3 1620 4920 t
(address in data space.)3 864 1 1080 5040 t
( data space.)2 472(Typically, the text segment of a program is mapped as text space, the data and bss segments as)17 3848 2 1080 5208 t
(If)1080 5328 w
10 I f
(textfile)1173 5328 w
10 R f
(is an executable file or if)5 994 1 1472 5328 t
10 I f
(memfile)2492 5328 w
10 R f
( a sin\255)2 246( Otherwise,)1 486(is a memory image, maps are set accordingly.)7 1834 3 2834 5328 t
(gle `data space' map is set up, with)7 1403 1 1080 5448 t
10 I f
(b)2508 5448 w
10 R f
(and)2583 5448 w
10 I f
(f)2752 5448 w
10 R f
(set to zero, and)3 604 1 2805 5448 t
10 I f
(e)3434 5448 w
10 R f
( thus the entire file can be)6 1037(set to a huge number;)4 860 2 3503 5448 t
(examined without address translation.)3 1515 1 1080 5568 t
(The)1080 5736 w
10 CW f
(?)1270 5736 w
10 R f
(and)1365 5736 w
10 CW f
(/)1544 5736 w
10 R f
(commands attempt to examine text and data space respectively.)8 2617 1 1639 5736 t
10 CW f
(?*)4316 5736 w
10 R f
( data space \(in)3 606(tries for)1 323 2 4471 5736 t
10 I f
(textfile)1080 5856 w
10 R f
(\);)1360 5856 w
10 CW f
(/*)1446 5856 w
10 R f
(accesses text space \(in)3 894 1 1591 5856 t
10 I f
(memfile)2510 5856 w
10 R f
(\).)2834 5856 w
( process and core images are a special case; they live in a special `register' address space start\255)17 3842(Registers in)1 478 2 1080 6024 t
(ing at)1 234 1 1080 6144 t
10 CW f
(%0)1348 6144 w
10 R f
( of this space is machine\255dependent.)5 1487(; the layout)2 468 2 1468 6144 t
10 CW f
(%)3481 6144 w
10 R f
(addresses are mapped to the registers for the)7 1826 1 3574 6144 t
( registers\) when\255)2 672(`current frame,' set by local variable references, and reset to the outermost frame \(the `real')14 3648 2 1080 6264 t
(ever a process runs or a stack trace is requested.)9 1910 1 1080 6384 t
(Simulated memory management translations \(the)4 2037 1 1080 6552 t
10 CW f
($k)3160 6552 w
10 R f
(and)3323 6552 w
10 CW f
($p)3510 6552 w
10 R f
(commands\) are done before the mapping)5 1727 1 3673 6552 t
(described above.)1 670 1 1080 6672 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 6840 t
10 R f
(To set a breakpoint at the beginning of)7 1545 1 1080 6960 t
10 CW f
(write\(\))2650 6960 w
10 R f
(in extant process 27:)3 824 1 3095 6960 t
10 CW f
(db 27)1 300 1 1440 7128 t
(:h)1440 7248 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 47)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( DB)1 4261(DB \( 1 \))3 279 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(write:b)1440 960 w
(:c)1440 1080 w
10 R f
(To examine the Plan 9 kernel stack for process 27:)9 2021 1 1080 1248 t
10 CW f
(db \255k 27)2 480 1 1440 1416 t
($C)1440 1536 w
10 R f
(Similar, but using a kernel)4 1058 1 1080 1704 t
10 CW f
(test)2163 1704 w
10 R f
(:)2403 1704 w
10 CW f
(db test /proc/27/mem)2 1200 1 1440 1872 t
(27$p)1440 1992 w
($C)1440 2112 w
10 R f
(To print the fields of the)5 1019 1 1080 2280 t
10 CW f
(Dir)2133 2280 w
10 R f
(structure at address)2 788 1 2347 2280 t
10 CW f
(#20000)3169 2280 w
10 R f
(, assuming)1 437 1 3529 2280 t
10 CW f
(main.c)4000 2280 w
10 R f
( of)1 118(includes a declaration)2 888 2 4394 2280 t
(that structure:)1 552 1 1080 2400 t
10 CW f
(!2c \255sDir \255o /dev/null main.c | dbfmt > Dir.dbfmt)8 2940 1 1440 2568 t
(#20000$<Dir.dbfmt)1440 2688 w
10 R f
(To set a breakpoint at the entry of function)8 1708 1 1080 2856 t
10 CW f
(parse)2813 2856 w
10 R f
(when the local variable)3 928 1 3138 2856 t
10 CW f
(argc)4091 2856 w
10 R f
(in)4356 2856 w
10 CW f
(main)4459 2856 w
10 R f
(is equal to 1:)3 514 1 4724 2856 t
10 CW f
(parse:b *main.argc\2551=X)1 1320 1 1440 3024 t
10 R f
(This prints the value of)4 931 1 1080 3192 t
10 CW f
(argc\2551)2037 3192 w
10 R f
(which as a side effect sets dot; when)7 1469 1 2423 3192 t
10 CW f
(argc)3919 3192 w
10 R f
(is one the breakpoint will fire.)5 1214 1 4186 3192 t
(Beware that local variables may be stored in registers; see the BUGS section.)12 3086 1 1080 3312 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3480 t
10 CW f
(/proc/*/text)1080 3600 w
(/proc/*/mem)1080 3720 w
(/proc/*/ctl)1080 3840 w
(/proc/*/note)1080 3960 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4128 t
10 I f
(nm)1080 4248 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1210 4248 w
10 I f
(proc)1376 4248 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1567 4248 w
(J. F. Maranzano and S. R. Bourne, `A Tutorial Introduction to ADB' in Bell Laboratories,)14 4030 1 1080 4368 t
10 I f
(UNIX)5167 4368 w
(Programmer's Manual,)1 949 1 1080 4488 t
10 R f
(Volume 2, Holt, Rinehart and Winston \(1984\))6 1843 1 2054 4488 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 4656 t
10 R f
(Exit status is null, unless the last command failed or returned non\255null status.)12 3082 1 1080 4776 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4944 t
10 R f
(The alternate)1 528 1 1080 5064 t
10 CW f
(sparc)1638 5064 w
10 R f
(disassembly format,)1 810 1 1968 5064 t
10 CW f
(sunsparc)2808 5064 w
10 R f
( of the first two registers relative)6 1339(, reverses the order)3 773 2 3288 5064 t
(to the SUN assembler.)3 899 1 1080 5184 t
(Examining a local variable with)4 1280 1 1080 5352 t
10 I f
(routine.name)2386 5352 w
10 R f
(returns the contents of the memory allocated for the variable.)9 2457 1 2943 5352 t
( move the variable into a register, especially in the)9 2112(This might return the wrong value: optimization may)7 2208 2 1080 5472 t
( with the)2 350( Compiling)1 479(current stack frame.)2 794 3 1080 5592 t
10 CW f
(\255N)2728 5592 w
10 R f
(flag may help.)2 574 1 2873 5592 t
( that have been optimized away do not appear in the symbol table, returning the)14 3293(Variables and parameters)2 1027 2 1080 5760 t
(error)1080 5880 w
10 I f
(bad local variable)2 733 1 1298 5880 t
10 R f
(when accessed by)2 714 1 2056 5880 t
10 I f
(db.)2795 5880 w
10 R f
( process in the)3 586(In some cases, the stack frame is not completely set when a breakpoint or single step stops a)17 3734 2 1080 6048 t
( a result, the)3 500( As)1 165( a function.)2 460(first couple of instructions of)4 1180 4 1080 6168 t
10 I f
($c)3414 6168 w
10 R f
(and)3537 6168 w
10 I f
($C)3710 6168 w
10 R f
( Step\255)1 265(produce inaccurate stack traces.)3 1279 2 3856 6168 t
(ping a couple of instructions into the function sets the stack frame and produces accurate traces.)15 3825 1 1080 6288 t
( 48)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( DC)1 4261(DC \( 1 \))3 279 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(dc)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1199 1080 w
10 R f
(desk calculator)1 601 1 1289 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(dc)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 I f
(file)1283 1368 w
10 R f
(])1436 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Dc)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( it operates on decimal integers, but one may specify)9 2111( Ordinarily)1 467(is an arbitrary precision desk calculator.)5 1601 3 1221 1656 t
( overall structure of)3 784( The)1 205(an input base, output base, and a number of fractional digits to be maintained.)13 3120 3 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(dc)5214 1776 w
10 R f
(is)5333 1776 w
( end,)1 205( an argument is given, input is taken from that file until its)12 2450( If)1 126(a stacking \(reverse Polish\) calculator.)4 1539 4 1080 1896 t
( following constructions are recognized:)4 1608( The)1 205(then from the standard input.)4 1157 3 1080 2016 t
( number is an unbroken string of the digits)8 1803( A)1 135( number is pushed on the stack.)6 1335( value of the)3 532(number The)1 515 5 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(0)1440 2304 w
10 R f
(\255)1500 2304 w
10 CW f
(9A)1533 2304 w
10 R f
(\255)1653 2304 w
10 CW f
(F)1686 2304 w
10 R f
(or)1777 2304 w
10 CW f
(0)1891 2304 w
10 R f
(\255)1951 2304 w
10 CW f
(9a)1984 2304 w
10 R f
(\255)2104 2304 w
10 CW f
(f.)2137 2304 w
10 R f
( with a lower case letter must be preceded)8 1713(A hexadecimal number beginning)3 1374 2 2313 2304 t
( may be preceded by an)5 964( It)1 115( the command associated with the letter.)6 1630(by a zero to distinguish it from)6 1251 4 1440 2424 t
(underscore)1440 2544 w
10 S f
(_)1902 2544 w
10 R f
( may contain decimal points.)4 1152( Numbers)1 416(to input a negative number.)4 1096 3 1977 2544 t
10 CW f
( * % ^)3 540( /)1 120(+ \255)1 240 3 1080 2712 t
10 R f
(Add)1440 2832 w
10 CW f
(+)1641 2832 w
10 R f
(, subtract)1 370 1 1701 2832 t
10 CW f
(\255)2100 2832 w
10 R f
(, multiply)1 394 1 2160 2832 t
10 CW f
(*)2583 2832 w
10 R f
(, divide)1 304 1 2643 2832 t
10 CW f
(/)2976 2832 w
10 R f
(, remainder)1 458 1 3036 2832 t
10 CW f
(%)3523 2832 w
10 R f
(, or exponentiate)2 676 1 3583 2832 t
10 CW f
(^)4288 2832 w
10 R f
( the)1 152(the top two values on)4 871 2 4377 2832 t
( two entries are popped off the stack; the result is pushed on the stack in their place.)17 3514(stack. The)1 446 2 1440 2952 t
(Any fractional part of an exponent is ignored.)7 1824 1 1440 3072 t
10 CW f
(s)1080 3240 w
10 I f
(x)1148 3240 w
10 CW f
(S)1080 3360 w
10 I f
(x)1148 3360 w
10 R f
(Pop the top of the stack and store into a register named)11 2271 1 1440 3360 t
10 I f
(x,)3743 3360 w
10 R f
(where)3844 3360 w
10 I f
(x)4119 3360 w
10 R f
( Under)1 307(may be any character.)3 898 2 4195 3360 t
(operation)1440 3480 w
10 CW f
(S)1842 3480 w
10 R f
(register)1927 3480 w
10 I f
(x)2251 3480 w
10 R f
(is treated as a stack and the value is pushed on it.)11 1958 1 2320 3480 t
10 CW f
(l)1080 3648 w
10 I f
(x)1148 3648 w
10 CW f
(L)1080 3768 w
10 I f
(x)1148 3768 w
10 R f
(Push the value in register)4 1046 1 1440 3768 t
10 I f
(x)2520 3768 w
10 R f
( register)1 334( The)1 214(onto the stack.)2 598 3 2598 3768 t
10 I f
(x)3779 3768 w
10 R f
( registers start with)3 793( All)1 188(is not altered.)2 561 3 3858 3768 t
( operation)1 408( Under)1 305(zero value.)1 443 3 1440 3888 t
10 CW f
(L)2627 3888 w
10 R f
(register)2718 3888 w
10 I f
(x)3048 3888 w
10 R f
( stack and its top value is popped onto the)9 1719(is treated as a)3 558 2 3123 3888 t
(main stack.)1 455 1 1440 4008 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 4176 w
10 R f
(Duplicate the top value on the stack.)6 1456 1 1440 4176 t
10 CW f
(p)1080 4344 w
10 R f
( top value remains unchanged.)4 1265( The)1 217(Print the top value on the stack.)6 1335 3 1440 4344 t
10 CW f
(P)4319 4344 w
10 R f
(interprets the top of the)4 984 1 4416 4344 t
(stack as an)2 432 1 1440 4464 t
9 R f
(ASCII)1895 4464 w
10 R f
(string, removes it, and prints it.)5 1250 1 2155 4464 t
10 CW f
(f)1080 4632 w
10 R f
(Print the values on the stack.)5 1149 1 1440 4632 t
10 CW f
(q)1080 4800 w
(Q)1080 4920 w
10 R f
( operation)1 409( Under)1 305( executing a string, the recursion level is popped by two.)10 2318( If)1 122(Exit the program.)2 714 5 1440 4920 t
10 CW f
(Q)5340 4920 w
10 R f
(the top value on the stack is popped and the string execution level is popped by that value.)17 3607 1 1440 5040 t
10 CW f
(x)1080 5208 w
10 R f
(Treat the top element of the stack as a character string and execute it as a string of)17 3272 1 1440 5208 t
10 I f
(dc)4737 5208 w
10 R f
(commands.)4856 5208 w
10 CW f
(X)1080 5376 w
10 R f
(Replace the number on the top of the stack with its scale factor.)12 2537 1 1440 5376 t
10 CW f
([ ... ])2 420 1 1080 5544 t
10 R f
(Put the bracketed)2 693 1 1440 5664 t
9 R f
(ASCII)2156 5664 w
10 R f
(string on the top of the stack.)6 1163 1 2416 5664 t
10 CW f
(<)1080 5832 w
10 I f
(x)1148 5832 w
10 CW f
(>)1225 5832 w
10 I f
(x)1293 5832 w
10 CW f
(=)1370 5832 w
10 I f
(x)1438 5832 w
10 R f
( Register)1 387(Pop and compare the top two elements of the stack.)9 2094 2 1440 5952 t
10 I f
(x)3950 5952 w
10 R f
(is executed if they obey the stated)6 1377 1 4023 5952 t
(relation.)1440 6072 w
10 CW f
(v)1080 6240 w
10 R f
( existing fractional part of the argu\255)6 1461( Any)1 229( stack by its square root.)5 1006(Replace the top element on the)5 1264 4 1440 6240 t
(ment is taken into account, but otherwise the scale factor is ignored.)11 2715 1 1440 6360 t
10 CW f
(!)1080 6528 w
10 R f
(Interpret the rest of the line as a shell command.)9 1924 1 1440 6528 t
10 CW f
(c)1080 6696 w
10 R f
(Clear the stack.)2 618 1 1440 6696 t
10 CW f
(i)1080 6864 w
10 R f
(The top value on the stack is popped and used as the number base for further input.)16 3319 1 1440 6864 t
10 CW f
(I)1080 7032 w
10 R f
(Push the input base on the top of the stack.)9 1710 1 1440 7032 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 49)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( DC)1 4261(DC \( 1 \))3 279 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(o)1080 960 w
10 R f
( bases)1 254( In)1 145(The top value on the stack is popped and used as the number base for further output.)16 3561 3 1440 960 t
(larger than 10, each `digit' prints as a group of decimal digits.)11 2471 1 1440 1080 t
10 CW f
(O)1080 1248 w
10 R f
(Push the output base on the top of the stack.)9 1760 1 1440 1248 t
10 CW f
(k)1080 1416 w
10 R f
( and use that value as a non\255negative scale factor: the appropriate number)12 2979(Pop the top of the stack,)5 981 2 1440 1416 t
(of places are printed on output, and maintained during multiplication, division, and exponentia\255)12 3960 1 1440 1536 t
( all are)2 309( interaction of scale factor, input base, and output base will be reasonable if)13 3247(tion. The)1 404 3 1440 1656 t
(changed together.)1 709 1 1440 1776 t
10 CW f
(z)1080 1944 w
10 R f
(Push the stack level onto the stack.)6 1396 1 1440 1944 t
10 CW f
(Z)1080 2112 w
10 R f
(Replace the number on the top of the stack with its length.)11 2331 1 1440 2112 t
10 CW f
(?)1080 2280 w
10 R f
(A line of input is taken from the input source \(usually the terminal\) and executed.)14 3259 1 1440 2280 t
10 CW f
(; :)1 180 1 1080 2448 t
10 R f
(Used by)1 330 1 1440 2448 t
10 I f
(bc)1795 2448 w
10 R f
(for array operations.)2 811 1 1914 2448 t
(The scale factor set by)4 913 1 1080 2616 t
10 CW f
(k)2022 2616 w
10 R f
( If)1 121(determines how many digits are kept to the right of the decimal point.)12 2849 2 2112 2616 t
10 I f
(s)5112 2616 w
10 R f
(is the)1 219 1 5181 2616 t
( factor,)1 288(current scale)1 513 2 1080 2736 t
10 I f
(sa)1912 2736 w
10 R f
(is the scale of the first operand,)6 1286 1 2032 2736 t
10 I f
(sb)3349 2736 w
10 R f
(is the scale of the second, and)6 1225 1 3469 2736 t
10 I f
(b)4725 2736 w
10 R f
(is the \(integer\))2 594 1 4806 2736 t
(second operand, results are truncated to the following scales.)8 2428 1 1080 2856 t
10 CW f
(+)1440 3024 w
10 R f
(,)1500 3024 w
10 CW f
(\255)1525 3024 w
10 R f
(max\()1800 3024 w
10 I f
(sa,sb)2005 3024 w
10 R f
(\))2208 3024 w
10 CW f
(*)1440 3144 w
10 R f
(min\()1800 3144 w
10 I f
(sa)1989 3144 w
10 R f
(+)2078 3144 w
10 I f
(sb)2134 3144 w
10 R f
(, max\()1 255 1 2248 3144 t
10 I f
(s,sa,sb)2503 3144 w
10 R f
(\)\))2770 3144 w
10 CW f
(/)1440 3264 w
10 I f
(s)1800 3264 w
10 CW f
(%)1440 3384 w
10 R f
(so that dividend = divisor*quotient + remainder; remainder has sign of dividend)11 3201 1 1800 3384 t
10 CW f
(^)1440 3504 w
10 R f
(min\()1800 3504 w
10 I f
(sa)1989 3504 w
10 S f
(\264\357)2078 3504 w
10 I f
(b)2182 3504 w
10 S f
(\357)2232 3504 w
10 R f
(, max\()1 255 1 2281 3504 t
10 I f
(s,sa)2536 3504 w
10 R f
(\)\))2689 3504 w
10 CW f
(v)1440 3624 w
10 R f
(max\()1800 3624 w
10 I f
(s,sa)2005 3624 w
10 R f
(\))2158 3624 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 3792 t
10 CW f
([la1+dsa*pla10>y]sy)1080 3912 w
(0sa1)1080 4032 w
(lyx)1080 4152 w
10 R f
(Print the first ten values of)5 1063 1 1440 4272 t
10 I f
(n)2528 4272 w
10 R f
(!)2586 4272 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4440 t
10 I f
(bc)1080 4560 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1182 4560 w
10 I f
(hoc)1348 4560 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1500 4560 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 4728 t
10 I f
(x)1080 4848 w
10 CW f
(is unimplemented)1 960 1 1149 4848 t
10 R f
(, where)1 293 1 2109 4848 t
10 I f
(x)2427 4848 w
10 R f
(is an octal number: an internal error.)6 1455 1 2496 4848 t
(`Out of headers' for too many numbers being kept around.)9 2334 1 1080 4968 t
(`Nesting depth' for too many levels of nested execution.)8 2249 1 1080 5088 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5256 t
10 R f
(When the input base exceeds 16, there is no notation for digits greater than)13 2989 1 1080 5376 t
10 CW f
(F)4094 5376 w
10 R f
(.)4154 5376 w
( 50)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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77 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( DD)1 4256(DD \( 1 \))3 284 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(dd)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1205 1080 w
10 R f
(convert and copy a file)4 914 1 1295 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(dd)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1283 1368 w
10 I f
(option value)1 497 1 1348 1368 t
10 R f
(] ...)1 133 1 1870 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Dd)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( standard input and)3 769( The)1 207( possible conversions.)2 884(copies the specified input file to the specified output with)9 2304 4 1236 1656 t
( input and output block size may be specified to take advantage of raw)13 2983( The)1 219(output are used by default.)4 1118 3 1080 1776 t
( options are)2 466( The)1 205(physical I/O.)1 516 3 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(ibs)1080 2064 w
10 I f
(n)1293 2064 w
10 R f
(Set input block size to)4 889 1 1550 2064 t
10 I f
(n)2464 2064 w
10 R f
(bytes \(default 512\).)2 779 1 2547 2064 t
10 CW f
(obs)1080 2232 w
10 I f
(n)1293 2232 w
10 R f
(Set output block size \(default 512\).)5 1404 1 1550 2232 t
10 CW f
(bs)1080 2400 w
10 I f
(n)1243 2400 w
10 R f
(Set both input and output block size, superseding)7 2036 1 1560 2400 t
10 I f
(ibs)3631 2400 w
10 R f
(and)3791 2400 w
10 I f
(obs)3970 2400 w
10 R f
( is specified,)2 524( no conversion)2 608(. If)1 151 3 4117 2400 t
( is par\255)2 281( This)1 230( input block size instead of packing short blocks into the output buffer.)12 2852(preserve the)1 487 4 1550 2520 t
(ticularly efficient since no in\255core copy need be done.)8 2147 1 1550 2640 t
10 CW f
(cbs)1080 2808 w
10 I f
(n)1293 2808 w
10 R f
(Set conversion buffer size.)3 1064 1 1550 2808 t
10 CW f
(skip)1080 2976 w
10 I f
(n)1353 2976 w
10 R f
(Skip)1550 2976 w
10 I f
(n)1759 2976 w
10 R f
(input records before copying.)3 1175 1 1834 2976 t
10 CW f
(iseek)1080 3144 w
10 I f
(n)1413 3144 w
10 R f
(Seek)1550 3144 w
10 I f
(n)1769 3144 w
10 R f
(records forward on input file before copying.)6 1798 1 1844 3144 t
10 CW f
(files)1080 3312 w
10 I f
(n)1413 3312 w
10 R f
(Catenate)1550 3312 w
10 I f
(n)1924 3312 w
10 R f
(input files \(useful only for magnetic tape or similar input device\).)10 2616 1 1999 3312 t
10 CW f
(oseek)1080 3480 w
10 I f
(n)1413 3480 w
10 R f
(Seek)1550 3480 w
10 I f
(n)1769 3480 w
10 R f
(records from beginning of output file before copying.)7 2135 1 1852 3480 t
10 CW f
(count)1080 3648 w
10 I f
(n)1413 3648 w
10 R f
(Copy only)1 420 1 1550 3648 t
10 I f
(n)1995 3648 w
10 R f
(input records.)1 549 1 2070 3648 t
10 CW f
(conv ascii)1 600 1 1080 3816 t
10 R f
(Convert)1920 3816 w
9 R f
(EBCDIC)2265 3816 w
10 R f
(to)2620 3816 w
9 R f
(ASCII.)2721 3816 w
10 CW f
(ebcdic)1380 3936 w
10 R f
(Convert)1920 3936 w
9 R f
(ASCII)2265 3936 w
10 R f
(to)2525 3936 w
9 R f
(EBCDIC.)2626 3936 w
10 CW f
(ibm)1380 4056 w
10 R f
(Like)1920 4056 w
10 CW f
(ebcdic)2128 4056 w
10 R f
(but with a slightly different character map.)6 1705 1 2513 4056 t
10 CW f
(block)1380 4176 w
10 R f
(Convert variable length)2 943 1 1920 4176 t
9 R f
(ASCII)2886 4176 w
10 R f
(records to fixed length.)3 926 1 3146 4176 t
10 CW f
(unblock)1380 4296 w
10 R f
(Convert fixed length)2 827 1 1920 4296 t
9 R f
(ASCII)2770 4296 w
10 R f
(records to variable length.)3 1042 1 3030 4296 t
10 CW f
(lcase)1380 4416 w
10 R f
(Map alphabetics to lower case.)4 1233 1 1920 4416 t
10 CW f
(ucase)1380 4536 w
10 R f
(Map alphabetics to upper case.)4 1233 1 1920 4536 t
10 CW f
(swab)1380 4656 w
10 R f
(Swap every pair of bytes.)4 1017 1 1920 4656 t
10 CW f
(noerror)1380 4776 w
10 R f
(Do not stop processing on an error.)6 1406 1 1920 4776 t
10 CW f
(sync)1380 4896 w
10 R f
(Pad every input record to)4 1009 1 1920 4896 t
10 I f
(ibs)2954 4896 w
10 R f
(bytes.)3104 4896 w
( number may end with)4 911( A)1 125( number of bytes is expected.)5 1185(Where sizes are specified, a)4 1117 4 1080 5064 t
10 CW f
(k)4446 5064 w
10 R f
(or)4534 5064 w
10 CW f
(b)4645 5064 w
10 R f
(to specify multi\255)2 667 1 4733 5064 t
( by)1 126(plication by 1024 or 512 respectively; a pair of numbers may be separated)12 2985 2 1080 5184 t
10 CW f
(x)4217 5184 w
10 R f
( Mul\255)1 251(to indicate a product.)3 846 2 4303 5184 t
(tiple conversions may be specified in the style:)7 1873 1 1080 5304 t
10 CW f
(\255conv ebcdic,ucase)1 1080 1 2978 5304 t
10 R f
(.)4058 5304 w
10 CW f
(Cbs)1080 5472 w
10 R f
(is used only if)3 564 1 1293 5472 t
10 CW f
(ascii)1882 5472 w
10 R f
(,)2190 5472 w
10 CW f
(unblock)2240 5472 w
10 R f
(,)2668 5472 w
10 CW f
(ebcdic)2718 5472 w
10 R f
(,)3086 5472 w
10 CW f
(ibm)3136 5472 w
10 R f
(, or)1 133 1 3324 5472 t
10 CW f
(block)3482 5472 w
10 R f
( the first two)3 511( In)1 134(conversion is specified.)2 940 3 3815 5472 t
(cases,)1080 5592 w
10 I f
(n)1347 5592 w
10 R f
( copied into the conversion buffer, any specified character mapping is done, trailing)12 3415(characters are)1 556 2 1429 5592 t
( three cases,)2 504( the latter)2 395( In)1 142(blanks are trimmed and new\255line is added before sending the line to the output.)13 3279 4 1080 5712 t
( buffer and blanks are added to make up an output record of size)13 2581(characters are read into the conversion)5 1546 2 1080 5832 t
10 I f
(n.)5233 5832 w
10 R f
(If)5334 5832 w
10 CW f
(cbs)1080 5952 w
10 R f
(is unspecified or zero, the)4 1100 1 1311 5952 t
10 CW f
(ascii)2454 5952 w
10 R f
(,)2762 5952 w
10 CW f
(ebcdic)2830 5952 w
10 R f
(, and)1 212 1 3198 5952 t
10 CW f
(ibm)3453 5952 w
10 R f
( the character set without)4 1079(options convert)1 637 2 3684 5952 t
(changing the block structure of the input file; the)8 2073 1 1080 6072 t
10 CW f
(unblock)3193 6072 w
10 R f
(and)3661 6072 w
10 CW f
(block)3845 6072 w
10 R f
( simple file)2 478(options become a)2 729 2 4193 6072 t
(copy.)1080 6192 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6360 t
10 I f
(cp)1080 6480 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1182 6480 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 6648 t
10 I f
(Dd)1080 6768 w
10 R f
(reports the number of full + partial input and output blocks handled.)11 2720 1 1227 6768 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 51)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( DEROFF)1 4016(DEROFF \( 1 \))3 524 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(deroff, delatex)1 581 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1686 1080 w
10 R f
(remove formatting requests)2 1098 1 1776 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(deroff)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1465 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1523 1368 t
10 R f
(])1904 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1962 1368 t
10 CW f
(delatex)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(file)1525 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Deroff)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(reads each file in sequence and removes all)7 1725 1 1366 1824 t
10 I f
(nroff)3116 1824 w
10 R f
(and)3337 1824 w
10 I f
(troff)3507 1824 w
10 R f
(\(1\) requests and non\255text arguments, back\255)5 1712 1 3688 1824 t
( constructs of preprocessors such as)5 1447(slash constructions, and)2 962 2 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(eqn, pic,)1 345 1 3518 1944 t
10 R f
(and)3892 1944 w
10 I f
(tbl)4065 1944 w
10 R f
( text is written)3 587(\(1\). Remaining)1 634 2 4179 1944 t
(on the standard output.)3 916 1 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(Deroff)2046 2064 w
10 R f
(follows files included by)3 991 1 2332 2064 t
10 CW f
(.so)3349 2064 w
10 R f
(and)3555 2064 w
10 CW f
(.nx)3725 2064 w
10 R f
(commands; if a file has already been)6 1469 1 3931 2064 t
(included, a)1 449 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(.so)1565 2184 w
10 R f
(for that file is ignored and a)6 1175 1 1781 2184 t
10 CW f
(.nx)2992 2184 w
10 R f
( no input file is given,)5 928( If)1 126(terminates execution.)1 864 3 3208 2184 t
10 I f
(deroff)5161 2184 w
10 R f
(reads from standard input.)3 1048 1 1080 2304 t
(The options are)2 621 1 1080 2472 t
10 CW f
(\255w)1080 2640 w
10 R f
( list, one `word' \(string of letters, digits, and properly embedded ampersands and)12 3363(Output a word)2 597 2 1440 2640 t
( the output)2 430( Otherwise,)1 486( are skipped.)2 509( characters)1 430( Other)1 279(apostrophes, beginning with a letter\) per line.)6 1826 6 1440 2760 t
(follows the original, with the deletions mentioned above.)7 2279 1 1440 2880 t
10 CW f
(\255i)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(Ignore)1440 3048 w
10 CW f
(.so)1725 3048 w
10 R f
(and)1930 3048 w
10 CW f
(.nx)2099 3048 w
10 R f
(requests.)2304 3048 w
10 CW f
(\255ms)1080 3216 w
(\255mm)1080 3336 w
10 R f
(Remove titles, attachments, etc., as well as ordinary)7 2184 1 1440 3336 t
10 I f
(troff)3665 3336 w
10 R f
(constructs, from)1 665 1 3879 3336 t
10 I f
(ms)4585 3336 w
10 R f
(\(6\) or)1 241 1 4704 3336 t
10 I f
(mm)4987 3336 w
10 R f
(docu\255)5173 3336 w
(ments.)1440 3456 w
10 CW f
(\255ml)1080 3624 w
10 R f
(Same as)1 330 1 1440 3624 t
10 CW f
(\255mm)1795 3624 w
10 R f
(, but remove lists as well.)5 1019 1 1975 3624 t
10 I f
(Delatex)1080 3792 w
10 R f
(does for)1 324 1 1415 3792 t
10 I f
(tex)1764 3792 w
10 R f
(and)1905 3792 w
10 I f
(latex)2074 3792 w
10 R f
(\(see)2293 3792 w
10 I f
(tex)2478 3792 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\) files what)2 565 1 2602 3792 t
10 CW f
(deroff \255w)1 540 1 3192 3792 t
10 R f
(does for)1 324 1 3757 3792 t
10 I f
(troff)4106 3792 w
10 R f
(files.)4304 3792 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3960 t
10 I f
(troff)1080 4080 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1261 4080 w
10 I f
(tex)1427 4080 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1551 4080 w
10 I f
(spell)1717 4080 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1914 4080 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4248 t
10 R f
(These filters are not complete interpreters of)6 1851 1 1080 4368 t
10 I f
(troff)2970 4368 w
10 R f
(or)3182 4368 w
10 I f
(tex.)3304 4368 w
10 R f
(For example, macro definitions containing)4 1757 1 3484 4368 t
10 CW f
(\\$)5280 4368 w
10 R f
(cause chaos in)2 576 1 1080 4488 t
10 I f
(deroff)1681 4488 w
10 R f
(when the popular)2 693 1 1945 4488 t
10 CW f
($$)2663 4488 w
10 R f
(delimiters for)1 541 1 2808 4488 t
10 I f
(eqn)3374 4488 w
10 R f
(are in effect.)2 500 1 3543 4488 t
(Text inside macros is emitted at place of definition, not place of call.)12 2746 1 1080 4608 t
( 52)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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79 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( DIFF)1 4183(DIFF \( 1 \))3 357 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(diff)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1249 1080 w
10 R f
(differential file comparator)2 1080 1 1339 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(diff)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1403 1368 w
10 CW f
(efbwr)1468 1368 w
10 R f
(] file1 ... file2)3 549 1 1793 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Diff)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( file is a directory,)4 761( one)1 176( If)1 123(tells what lines must be changed in two files to bring them into agreement.)13 3072 4 1268 1656 t
( both files are directo\255)4 881( If)1 116( the other file is used.)5 860(then a file in that directory with basename the same as that of)12 2463 4 1080 1776 t
( two directories are compared by the method of)8 2026(ries, similarly named files in the)5 1368 2 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(diff)4516 1896 w
10 R f
(for text files and)3 708 1 4692 1896 t
10 I f
(cmp)1080 2016 w
10 R f
( argu\255)1 237( more than two file names are given, then each argument is compared to the last)15 3233( If)1 119(\(1\) otherwise.)1 557 4 1254 2016 t
( The)1 209(ment as above.)2 604 2 1080 2136 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1922 2136 w
10 CW f
(r)1987 2136 w
10 R f
(option causes)1 546 1 2077 2136 t
10 I f
(diff)2653 2136 w
10 R f
( nor\255)1 196( The)1 210(to recursively process similarly named subdirectories.)5 2177 3 2817 2136 t
(mal output contains lines of these forms:)6 1627 1 1080 2256 t
10 I f
(n1)1330 2424 w
10 CW f
(a)1455 2424 w
10 I f
(n3,n4)1540 2424 w
(n1,n2)1330 2544 w
10 CW f
(d)1580 2544 w
10 I f
(n3)1665 2544 w
(n1,n2)1330 2664 w
10 CW f
(c)1580 2664 w
10 I f
(n3,n4)1665 2664 w
10 R f
(These lines resemble)2 839 1 1080 2832 t
10 I f
(ed)1945 2832 w
10 R f
(commands to convert)2 862 1 2065 2832 t
10 I f
(file1)2953 2832 w
10 R f
(into)3157 2832 w
10 I f
(file2)3339 2832 w
10 R f
( letters pertain to)3 680( numbers after the)3 726(. The)1 231 3 3525 2832 t
10 I f
(file2)5189 2832 w
10 R f
(.)5375 2832 w
(In fact, by exchanging `a' for `d' and reading backward one may ascertain equally how to convert)16 3934 1 1080 2952 t
10 I f
(file2)5040 2952 w
10 R f
(into)5244 2952 w
10 I f
(file1)1080 3072 w
10 R f
( in)1 103(. As)1 186 2 1266 3072 t
10 I f
(ed,)1580 3072 w
10 R f
(identical pairs where)2 831 1 1724 3072 t
10 I f
(n1)2580 3072 w
10 R f
(=)2705 3072 w
10 I f
(n2)2786 3072 w
10 R f
(or)2911 3072 w
10 I f
(n3)3019 3072 w
10 R f
(=)3144 3072 w
10 I f
(n4)3225 3072 w
10 R f
(are abbreviated as a single number.)5 1407 1 3350 3072 t
( in the first file flagged by `)7 1129(Following each of these lines come all the lines that are affected)11 2597 2 1080 3240 t
10 S f
(<)4806 3240 w
10 R f
(', then all the)3 539 1 4861 3240 t
(lines that are affected in the second file flagged by `)10 2072 1 1080 3360 t
10 S f
(>)3152 3360 w
10 R f
('.)3207 3360 w
(The)1080 3528 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1261 3528 w
10 CW f
(b)1326 3528 w
10 R f
(option causes trailing blanks \(spaces and tabs\) to be ignored and other strings of blanks to compare)16 3987 1 1413 3528 t
(equal. The)1 449 1 1080 3648 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1557 3648 w
10 CW f
(w)1622 3648 w
10 R f
( lines before applying the difference)5 1453(option causes all white\255space to be removed from input)8 2237 2 1710 3648 t
(algorithm.)1080 3768 w
(The)1080 3936 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1267 3936 w
10 CW f
(e)1332 3936 w
10 R f
(option produces a script of)4 1093 1 1424 3936 t
10 I f
(a, c)1 152 1 2549 3936 t
10 R f
(and)2734 3936 w
10 I f
(d)2911 3936 w
10 R f
(commands for the editor)3 1003 1 2994 3936 t
10 I f
(ed,)4030 3936 w
10 R f
(which will recreate)2 780 1 4182 3936 t
10 I f
(file2)4995 3936 w
10 R f
(from)5206 3936 w
10 I f
(file1)1080 4056 w
10 R f
(. The)1 236 1 1266 4056 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1533 4056 w
10 CW f
(f)1598 4056 w
10 R f
(option produces a similar script, not useful with)7 1952 1 1689 4056 t
10 I f
(ed,)3671 4056 w
10 R f
(in the opposite order. It may, however,)6 1580 1 3820 4056 t
(be useful as input to a stream\255oriented post\255processor.)7 2157 1 1080 4176 t
(Except in rare circumstances,)3 1174 1 1080 4344 t
10 I f
(diff)2279 4344 w
10 R f
(finds a smallest sufficient set of file differences.)7 1918 1 2438 4344 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 4512 t
10 R f
(/tmp/diff[12])1080 4632 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4800 t
10 I f
(cmp)1080 4920 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1254 4920 w
10 I f
(ed)1420 4920 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1522 4920 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 5088 t
10 R f
(Exit status is)2 512 1 1080 5208 t
10 CW f
(empty)1617 5208 w
10 R f
(for no differences,)2 733 1 1942 5208 t
10 CW f
(some)2700 5208 w
10 R f
(for some, and)2 546 1 2965 5208 t
10 CW f
(error)3536 5208 w
10 R f
(for trouble.)1 449 1 3861 5208 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5376 t
10 R f
(Editing scripts produced under the)4 1376 1 1080 5496 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2481 5496 w
10 CW f
(e)2546 5496 w
10 R f
(or)2631 5496 w
10 S1 f
(\261)2739 5496 w
10 CW f
(f)2804 5496 w
10 R f
(option are naive about creating lines consisting of a single `)10 2380 1 2889 5496 t
10 B f
(.)5269 5496 w
10 R f
('.)5294 5496 w
(When running)1 574 1 1080 5616 t
10 I f
(diff)1679 5616 w
10 R f
(on directories, the notion of what is a text file is open to debate.)13 2544 1 1838 5616 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 53)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( DOCTYPE)1 3939(DOCTYPE \( 1 \))3 601 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(doctype)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1421 1080 w
10 R f
(intuit command line for formatting a document)6 1882 1 1511 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(doctype)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1525 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1583 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1964 1368 t
10 I f
(file)2080 1368 w
10 R f
(] ...)1 133 1 2233 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Doctype)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(examines a)1 452 1 1443 1656 t
10 I f
(troff)1926 1656 w
10 R f
( command and prints it on)5 1082(\(1\) input file to deduce the appropriate text formatting)8 2211 2 2107 1656 t
(standard output.)1 646 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(Doctype)1778 1776 w
10 R f
(recognizes input for)2 800 1 2137 1776 t
10 I f
(troff)2963 1776 w
10 R f
(\(1\), related preprocessors like)3 1188 1 3144 1776 t
10 I f
(eqn)4358 1776 w
10 R f
(\(1\), and the)2 459 1 4510 1776 t
10 I f
(ms)4995 1776 w
10 R f
(\(6\) and)1 286 1 5114 1776 t
10 I f
(mm)1080 1896 w
10 R f
(macro packages.)1 664 1 1249 1896 t
(Option)1080 2064 w
10 CW f
(\255n)1383 2064 w
10 R f
(invokes)1528 2064 w
10 I f
(nroff)1864 2064 w
10 R f
(instead of)1 391 1 2084 2064 t
10 I f
(troff.)2500 2064 w
10 R f
(Other options are passed to)4 1087 1 2723 2064 t
10 I f
(troff.)3835 2064 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 2232 t
10 CW f
(eval `{doctype chapter.?} | lp \255du)5 2040 1 1080 2352 t
10 R f
(Typeset files named)2 804 1 1440 2472 t
10 CW f
(chapter.0)2269 2472 w
10 R f
(,)2809 2472 w
10 CW f
(chapter.1)2859 2472 w
10 R f
(, ...)1 125 1 3399 2472 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2640 t
10 I f
(troff)1080 2760 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1261 2760 w
10 I f
(eqn)1427 2760 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1579 2760 w
10 I f
(tbl)1745 2760 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1859 2760 w
10 I f
(pic)2025 2760 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2155 2760 w
10 I f
(grap)2321 2760 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2518 2760 w
10 I f
(ms)2684 2760 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)2803 2760 w
10 I f
(man)2969 2760 w
10 R f
(\(6\))3149 2760 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2928 t
10 R f
(In true A.I. style, its best guesses are inspired rather than accurate.)11 2646 1 1080 3048 t
( 54)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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81 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( DU)1 4256(DU \( 1 \))3 284 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(du)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1205 1080 w
10 R f
(disk usage)1 419 1 1295 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(du)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255a)1283 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1428 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255b)1544 1368 w
10 I f
(size)1672 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1847 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1963 1368 t
10 R f
(])2216 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Du)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(gives the number of Kbytes allocated to data blocks of named)10 2538 1 1234 1656 t
10 I f
(files)3804 1656 w
10 R f
( named)1 299(and, recursively, of files in)4 1098 2 4003 1656 t
( values can be set by the)6 982( Other)1 280( default, the disk block size is assumed to be 1024 bytes.)11 2295(directories. By)1 616 4 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255b)5280 1776 w
10 R f
(option;)1080 1896 w
10 I f
(size)1393 1896 w
10 R f
(is the number of bytes, optionally suffixed)6 1720 1 1572 1896 t
10 CW f
(k)3321 1896 w
10 R f
( If)1 120(to specify multiplication by 1024.)4 1369 2 3410 1896 t
10 I f
(file)4928 1896 w
10 R f
(is miss\255)1 314 1 5086 1896 t
( count for a directory includes the counts of the contained files and)12 2751( The)1 212(ing, the current directory is used.)5 1357 3 1080 2016 t
(directories. The)1 658 1 1080 2136 t
10 CW f
(\255a)1770 2136 w
10 R f
( counts are)2 448( Normally)1 441( every file in a directory.)5 1026(option prints the number of blocks for)6 1563 4 1922 2136 t
(printed only for contained directories.)4 1511 1 1080 2256 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 55)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( ECHO)1 4128(ECHO \( 1 \))3 412 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(echo)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1293 1080 w
10 R f
(print arguments)1 630 1 1383 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(echo)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255n)1403 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1548 1368 t
10 I f
(arg ...)1 239 1 1664 1368 t
10 R f
(])1928 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Echo)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( Option)1 331(writes its arguments separated by blanks and terminated by a newline on the standard output.)14 3756 2 1313 1656 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(suppresses the newline.)2 940 1 1225 1776 t
( 56)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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83 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( ED)1 4267(ED \( 1 \))3 273 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(ed)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1199 1080 w
10 R f
(text editor)1 408 1 1289 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(ed)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255)1283 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1368 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1484 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1629 1368 t
10 I f
(file)1745 1368 w
10 R f
(])1898 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Ed)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(is a venerable text editor.)4 1006 1 1216 1656 t
(If a)1 136 1 1080 1824 t
10 I f
(file)1242 1824 w
10 R f
(argument is given,)2 743 1 1396 1824 t
10 I f
(ed)2165 1824 w
10 R f
(simulates an)1 498 1 2285 1824 t
10 CW f
(e)2809 1824 w
10 R f
(command \(see below\) on that file: it is read into)9 1926 1 2895 1824 t
10 I f
(ed's)4848 1824 w
10 R f
(buffer so)1 359 1 5041 1824 t
( options are)2 466( The)1 205(that it can be edited.)4 807 3 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
(\255)1080 2112 w
10 R f
(Suppress the printing of character counts by)6 1782 1 1440 2112 t
10 CW f
(e)3251 2112 w
10 R f
(,)3311 2112 w
10 CW f
(r)3365 2112 w
10 R f
(, and)1 199 1 3425 2112 t
10 CW f
(w)3654 2112 w
10 R f
(commands and of the confirming)4 1346 1 3744 2112 t
10 CW f
(!)5120 2112 w
10 R f
(by)5210 2112 w
10 CW f
(!)5340 2112 w
10 R f
(commands.)1440 2232 w
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(\(for output piping\) Write all output to the standard error file except writing by)13 3141 1 1440 2400 t
10 CW f
(w)4608 2400 w
10 R f
( no)1 128(commands. If)1 577 2 4695 2400 t
10 I f
(file)1440 2520 w
10 R f
(is given, make)2 580 1 1593 2520 t
10 CW f
(/fd/1)2198 2520 w
10 R f
(the remembered file; see the)4 1130 1 2523 2520 t
10 CW f
(e)3678 2520 w
10 R f
(command below.)1 688 1 3763 2520 t
10 I f
(Ed)1080 2688 w
10 R f
( a copy of the file it is editing; changes made in the buffer have no effect on the)18 3279(operates on a `buffer',)3 900 2 1221 2688 t
(file until a)2 417 1 1080 2808 t
10 CW f
(w)1525 2808 w
10 R f
( copy of the text being edited resides in a temporary file called)12 2519( The)1 207( is given.)2 368(\(write\) command)1 693 4 1613 2808 t
(the)1080 2928 w
10 I f
(buffer)1227 2928 w
10 R f
(.)1474 2928 w
(Commands to)1 559 1 1080 3096 t
10 I f
(ed)1664 3096 w
10 R f
(have a simple and regular structure: zero, one, or two)9 2125 1 1783 3096 t
10 I f
(addresses)3934 3096 w
10 R f
(followed by a single char\255)4 1046 1 4354 3096 t
(acter)1080 3216 w
10 I f
(command,)1309 3216 w
10 R f
( addresses specify one or more)5 1282( These)1 299(possibly followed by parameters to the command.)6 2061 3 1758 3216 t
( addresses are supplied by default.)5 1369( Missing)1 373(lines in the buffer.)3 732 3 1080 3336 t
( commands allow the addition of text to the)8 1802( Certain)1 352( may appear on a line.)5 921(In general, only one command)4 1245 4 1080 3504 t
(buffer. While)1 573 1 1080 3624 t
10 I f
(ed)1688 3624 w
10 R f
(is accepting text, it is said to be in)8 1438 1 1817 3624 t
10 I f
(input mode.)1 482 1 3290 3624 t
10 R f
(In this mode, no commands are recog\255)6 1593 1 3807 3624 t
( mode is left by typing a period)7 1252( Input)1 261(nized; all input is merely collected.)5 1404 3 1080 3744 t
10 CW f
(.)4022 3744 w
10 R f
(alone at the beginning of a line.)6 1262 1 4107 3744 t
10 I f
(Ed)1080 3912 w
10 R f
(supports the)1 509 1 1239 3912 t
10 I f
(regular expression)1 775 1 1796 3912 t
10 R f
(notation described in)2 884 1 2619 3912 t
10 I f
(regexp)3551 3912 w
10 R f
( expressions are used in)4 1040(\(6\). Regular)1 530 2 3830 3912 t
(addresses to specify lines and in one command \(see)8 2121 1 1080 4032 t
10 I f
(s)3234 4032 w
10 R f
( line which is to be)5 793(below\) to specify a portion of a)6 1301 2 3306 4032 t
( the regular expression metacharacters as an ordinary character, that)9 2770( it is desired to use one of)7 1066(replaced. If)1 484 3 1080 4152 t
( also applies to the character bounding the regular expression \(often)10 2735( This)1 232(character may be preceded by `\\'.)5 1353 3 1080 4272 t
10 CW f
(/)1080 4392 w
10 R f
(\) and to)2 305 1 1140 4392 t
10 CW f
(\\)1470 4392 w
10 R f
(itself.)1555 4392 w
(To understand addressing in)3 1150 1 1080 4560 t
10 I f
(ed)2262 4560 w
10 R f
( necessary to know that at any time there is a)10 1871(it is)1 155 2 2388 4560 t
10 I f
(current line.)1 502 1 4447 4560 t
10 R f
(Generally,)4982 4560 w
( line affected by a command; however, the exact effect on the current line is dis\255)15 3283(the current line is the last)5 1037 2 1080 4680 t
( are constructed as follows.)4 1089( Addresses)1 460(cussed under the description of each command.)6 1893 3 1080 4800 t
( character)1 389(1. The)1 515 2 1080 4968 t
10 CW f
(.)2009 4968 w
10 R f
(, customarily called `dot', addresses the current line.)7 2090 1 2069 4968 t
( character)1 389(2. The)1 515 2 1080 5136 t
10 CW f
($)2009 5136 w
10 R f
(addresses the last line of the buffer.)6 1416 1 2094 5136 t
( decimal number)2 671(3. A)1 432 2 1080 5304 t
10 I f
(n)2208 5304 w
10 R f
(addresses the)1 529 1 2283 5304 t
10 I f
(n)2837 5304 w
10 R f
(\255th line of the buffer.)4 834 1 2895 5304 t
(4.)1080 5472 w
10 CW f
('x)1440 5472 w
10 R f
(addresses the line marked with the name)6 1727 1 1603 5472 t
10 I f
(x)3373 5472 w
10 R f
( are)1 164( Lines)1 290(, which must be a lower\255case letter.)6 1521 3 3425 5472 t
(marked with the)2 649 1 1440 5592 t
10 CW f
(k)2114 5592 w
10 R f
(command.)2199 5592 w
( regular expression enclosed in slashes \()6 1638(5. A)1 432 2 1080 5760 t
10 CW f
(/)3181 5760 w
10 R f
(\) addresses the line found by searching forward from)8 2159 1 3241 5760 t
(the current line and stopping at the first line containing a string that matches the regular expres\255)16 3960 1 1440 5880 t
( necessary the search wraps around to the beginning of the buffer.)11 2626(sion. If)1 308 2 1440 6000 t
( regular expression enclosed in queries)5 1584(6. A)1 432 2 1080 6168 t
10 CW f
(?)3128 6168 w
10 R f
( line found by searching backward from)6 1644(addresses the)1 536 2 3220 6168 t
(the current line and stopping at the first line containing a string that matches the regular expres\255)16 3960 1 1440 6288 t
( necessary the search wraps around to the end of the buffer.)11 2370(sion. If)1 308 2 1440 6408 t
( address followed by a plus sign)6 1324(7. An)1 482 2 1080 6576 t
10 CW f
(+)2918 6576 w
10 R f
(or a minus sign)3 635 1 3010 6576 t
10 CW f
(\255)3677 6576 w
10 R f
( number specifies)2 720(followed by a decimal)3 911 2 3769 6576 t
( plus sign may be omitted.)5 1056( The)1 205(that address plus \(resp. minus\) the indicated number of lines.)9 2433 3 1440 6696 t
( address followed by)3 832(8. An)1 482 2 1080 6864 t
10 CW f
(+)2420 6864 w
10 R f
(\(or)2506 6864 w
10 CW f
(\255)2648 6864 w
10 R f
(\) followed by a regular expression enclosed in slashes specifies the)10 2692 1 2708 6864 t
( search wraps around if necessary.)5 1412( The)1 215(first matching line following \(or preceding\) that address.)7 2333 3 1440 6984 t
(The)1440 7104 w
10 CW f
(+)1621 7104 w
10 R f
(may be omitted, so)3 764 1 1707 7104 t
10 CW f
(0/x/)2497 7104 w
10 R f
(addresses the)1 530 1 2763 7104 t
10 I f
(first)3319 7104 w
10 R f
(line in the buffer with an)5 995 1 3507 7104 t
10 CW f
(x)4528 7104 w
10 R f
( the reg\255)2 336(. Enclosing)1 476 2 4588 7104 t
(ular expression in)2 710 1 1440 7224 t
10 CW f
(?)2175 7224 w
10 R f
(reverses the search direction.)3 1157 1 2260 7224 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 57)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( ED)1 4267(ED \( 1 \))3 273 3 720 480 t
( an address begins with)4 932(9. If)1 426 2 1080 960 t
10 CW f
(+)2463 960 w
10 R f
(or)2548 960 w
10 CW f
(\255)2656 960 w
10 R f
( to the current line;)4 764(the addition or subtraction is taken with respect)7 1895 2 2741 960 t
(e.g.)1440 1080 w
10 CW f
(\2555)1609 1080 w
10 R f
(is understood to mean)3 880 1 1754 1080 t
10 CW f
(.\2555)2659 1080 w
10 R f
(.)2839 1080 w
( an address ends with)4 882(10. If)1 426 2 1080 1248 t
10 CW f
(+)2420 1248 w
10 R f
(or)2512 1248 w
10 CW f
(\255)2628 1248 w
10 R f
( a consequence of this rule)5 1101( As)1 169(, then 1 is added \(resp. subtracted\).)6 1442 3 2688 1248 t
( the address)2 473(and rule 9,)2 428 2 1440 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255)2367 1368 w
10 R f
( trailing)1 315( Moreover,)1 469(refers to the line before the current line.)7 1591 3 2453 1368 t
10 CW f
(+)4854 1368 w
10 R f
(and)4940 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255)5110 1368 w
10 R f
(char\255)5196 1368 w
(acters have cumulative effect, so)4 1304 1 1440 1488 t
10 CW f
(\255\255)2769 1488 w
10 R f
(refers to the current line less 2.)6 1233 1 2914 1488 t
( maintain compatibility with earlier versions of the editor, the character)10 2868(11. To)1 471 2 1080 1656 t
10 CW f
(^)4446 1656 w
10 R f
(in addresses is equiv\255)3 866 1 4534 1656 t
(alent to)1 297 1 1440 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255)1762 1776 w
10 R f
(.)1822 1776 w
( which require no addresses regard the)6 1618( Commands)1 520( addresses.)1 446(Commands may require zero, one, or two)6 1736 4 1080 1944 t
( or two addresses assume default addresses)6 1718( which accept one)3 720( Commands)1 507(presence of an address as an error.)6 1375 4 1080 2064 t
( one or two)3 497( more addresses are given than a command requires, the last)10 2537( If)1 130(when insufficient are given.)3 1156 4 1080 2184 t
(\(depending on what is accepted\) are used.)6 1670 1 1080 2304 t
(Addresses are separated from each other typically by a comma)9 2555 1 1080 2472 t
10 CW f
(,)3666 2472 w
10 R f
( a semi\255)2 330( may also be separated by)5 1058(. They)1 286 3 3726 2472 t
(colon)1080 2592 w
10 CW f
(;)1330 2592 w
10 R f
( If)1 118( address before the next address is interpreted.)7 1859( this case the current line is set to the previous)10 1872(. In)1 161 4 1390 2592 t
( is assumed; if no address follows, the last line of the)11 2236(no address precedes a comma or semicolon, line 1)8 2084 2 1080 2712 t
( second address of any two\255address sequence must correspond to a line following)12 3357( The)1 214(buffer is assumed.)2 749 3 1080 2832 t
(the line corresponding to the first address.)6 1678 1 1080 2952 t
(In the following list of)4 916 1 1080 3120 t
10 I f
(ed)2025 3120 w
10 R f
( parentheses are)2 646( The)1 210( are shown in parentheses.)4 1070(commands, the default addresses)3 1326 4 2148 3120 t
( means the cur\255)3 624( `Dot')1 270( show that the given addresses are the default.)8 1864(not part of the address, but are used to)8 1562 4 1080 3240 t
(rent line.)1 355 1 1080 3360 t
(\()1080 3528 w
10 CW f
(.)1129 3528 w
10 R f
(\))1205 3528 w
10 CW f
(a)1254 3528 w
10 S f
(<)1080 3648 w
10 R f
(text)1135 3648 w
10 S f
(>)1285 3648 w
10 CW f
(.)1080 3768 w
10 R f
( line input, if there)4 749( is left on the last)5 691( Dot)1 201(Read the given text and append it after the addressed line.)10 2319 4 1440 3768 t
( Address)1 384(were any, otherwise at the addressed line.)6 1704 2 1440 3888 t
10 CW f
(0)3560 3888 w
10 R f
( at)1 103(is legal for this command; text is placed)7 1645 2 3652 3888 t
(the beginning of the buffer.)4 1095 1 1440 4008 t
(\()1080 4176 w
10 CW f
(.,.)1129 4176 w
10 R f
(\))1325 4176 w
10 CW f
(b)1374 4176 w
10 R f
([)1434 4176 w
10 CW f
(+\255)1467 4176 w
10 R f
(][)1587 4176 w
10 I f
(pagesize)1653 4176 w
10 R f
(][)1997 4176 w
10 CW f
(pln)2063 4176 w
10 R f
(])2243 4176 w
( optional)1 366( The)1 218( 20 lines.)2 390( a `page', normally)3 795(Browse. Print)1 587 5 1440 4296 t
10 CW f
(+)3834 4296 w
10 R f
(\(default\) or)1 464 1 3932 4296 t
10 CW f
(\255)4434 4296 w
10 R f
(specifies whether the)2 868 1 4532 4296 t
( optional)1 354( The)1 206(next or previous page is to be printed.)7 1516 3 1440 4416 t
10 I f
(pagesize)3542 4416 w
10 R f
( The)1 205(is the number of lines in a page.)7 1283 2 3912 4416 t
(optional)1440 4536 w
10 CW f
(p)1804 4536 w
10 R f
(,)1864 4536 w
10 CW f
(n)1925 4536 w
10 R f
(, or)1 144 1 1985 4536 t
10 CW f
(l)2166 4536 w
10 R f
(causes printing in the specified format, initially)6 1962 1 2263 4536 t
10 CW f
(p)4262 4536 w
10 R f
( and format are)3 642(. Pagesize)1 436 2 4322 4536 t
(remembered between)1 855 1 1440 4656 t
10 CW f
(b)2320 4656 w
10 R f
( is left at the last line displayed.)7 1266(commands. Dot)1 658 2 2405 4656 t
(\()1080 4824 w
10 CW f
(.,.)1129 4824 w
10 R f
(\))1325 4824 w
10 CW f
(c)1374 4824 w
10 S f
(<)1080 4944 w
10 R f
(text)1135 4944 w
10 S f
(>)1285 4944 w
10 CW f
(.)1080 5064 w
10 R f
( is left at the)4 510( Dot)1 204( the addressed lines, then accept input text to replace these lines.)11 2603(Change. Delete)1 643 4 1440 5064 t
(last line input; if there were none, it is left at the line preceding the deleted lines.)16 3212 1 1440 5184 t
(\()1080 5352 w
10 CW f
(.,.)1129 5352 w
10 R f
(\))1325 5352 w
10 CW f
(d)1374 5352 w
10 R f
( to the line following the last line deleted, or)9 1807( is set)2 234( Dot)1 203(Delete the addressed lines from the buffer.)6 1716 4 1440 5472 t
(to the last line of the buffer if the deleted lines had no successor.)13 2573 1 1440 5592 t
10 CW f
(e)1080 5760 w
10 I f
(filename)1173 5760 w
10 R f
( is set to)3 334( Dot)1 201( named file into the buffer.)5 1075( the entire contents of the buffer; then read the)9 1848(Edit. Delete)1 502 5 1440 5880 t
( remembered)1 528( file name is)3 509( The)1 211( number of characters read is typed.)6 1462( The)1 211(the last line of the buffer.)5 1039 6 1440 6000 t
(for possible use in later)4 976 1 1440 6120 t
10 CW f
(e)2452 6120 w
10 R f
(,)2512 6120 w
10 CW f
(r)2573 6120 w
10 R f
(, or)1 144 1 2633 6120 t
10 CW f
(w)2813 6120 w
10 R f
(commands. If)1 585 1 2909 6120 t
10 I f
(filename)3530 6120 w
10 R f
( remembered name is)3 892(is missing, the)2 598 2 3910 6120 t
(used.)1440 6240 w
10 CW f
(E)1080 6408 w
10 I f
(filename)1173 6408 w
10 R f
(Unconditional)1440 6528 w
10 CW f
(e)2037 6528 w
10 R f
(; see `)2 238 1 2097 6528 t
10 CW f
(q)2335 6528 w
10 R f
(' below.)1 327 1 2395 6528 t
10 CW f
(f)1080 6696 w
10 I f
(filename)1173 6696 w
10 R f
( If)1 133(Print the currently remembered file name.)5 1759 2 1440 6816 t
10 I f
(filename)3374 6816 w
10 R f
( currently remembered file)3 1120(is given, the)2 520 2 3760 6816 t
(name is first changed to)4 954 1 1440 6936 t
10 I f
(filename.)2419 6936 w
10 R f
(\()1080 7104 w
10 CW f
(1,$)1129 7104 w
10 R f
(\))1325 7104 w
10 CW f
(g/)1374 7104 w
10 I f
(regular expression)1 752 1 1494 7104 t
10 CW f
(/)2246 7104 w
10 I f
(command list)1 536 1 2306 7104 t
10 R f
( 58)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( ED)1 4267(ED \( 1 \))3 273 3 720 480 t
(\()1080 960 w
10 CW f
(1,$)1129 960 w
10 R f
(\))1325 960 w
10 CW f
(g/)1374 960 w
10 I f
(regular expression)1 752 1 1494 960 t
10 CW f
(/)2246 960 w
10 R f
(\()1080 1080 w
10 CW f
(1,$)1129 1080 w
10 R f
(\))1325 1080 w
10 CW f
(g/)1374 1080 w
10 I f
(regular expression)1 752 1 1494 1080 t
10 R f
( which matches the given)4 1055( mark every line)3 678(Global. First)1 540 3 1440 1200 t
10 I f
(regular expression.)1 787 1 3748 1200 t
10 R f
(Then for every such)3 830 1 4570 1200 t
(line, execute the)2 661 1 1440 1320 t
10 I f
(command list)1 541 1 2131 1320 t
10 R f
( the first of)3 453( single command or)3 806( A)1 127(with dot initially set to that line.)6 1312 4 2702 1320 t
( lines of a multi\255line)4 839( All)1 185( appears on the same line with the global command.)9 2138(multiple commands)1 798 4 1440 1440 t
( line must end with)4 779(list except the last)3 731 2 1440 1560 t
10 CW f
(\\)2978 1560 w
10 R f
( `)1 61(. The)1 233 2 3038 1560 t
10 CW f
(.)3332 1560 w
10 R f
(' terminating input mode for an)5 1272 1 3392 1560 t
10 CW f
(a)4692 1560 w
10 R f
(,)4752 1560 w
10 CW f
(i)4805 1560 w
10 R f
(,)4865 1560 w
10 CW f
(c)4918 1560 w
10 R f
(command)5006 1560 w
( commands)1 459( The)1 206( it would be on the last line of the command list.)11 1944(may be omitted if)3 708 4 1440 1680 t
10 CW f
(g)4783 1680 w
10 R f
(and)4869 1680 w
10 CW f
(v)5039 1680 w
10 R f
(are not)1 275 1 5125 1680 t
( instead of)2 422( character other than space or newline may be used)9 2071( Any)1 226(permitted in the command list.)4 1241 4 1440 1800 t
10 CW f
(/)1440 1920 w
10 R f
( second and third forms mean)5 1184( The)1 205(to delimit the regular expression.)4 1318 3 1525 1920 t
10 CW f
(g/)4257 1920 w
10 I f
(regular expression)1 752 1 4385 1920 t
10 CW f
(/p)5145 1920 w
10 I f
(.)5273 1920 w
10 R f
(\()1080 2088 w
10 CW f
(.)1129 2088 w
10 R f
(\))1205 2088 w
10 CW f
(i)1254 2088 w
10 S f
(<)1080 2208 w
10 R f
(text)1135 2208 w
10 S f
(>)1285 2208 w
10 CW f
(.)1080 2328 w
10 R f
( is left at the last line input, or, if there were)11 1849( Dot)1 209( given text before the addressed line.)6 1520(Insert the)1 382 4 1440 2328 t
( command differs from the)4 1078( This)1 230(none, at the line before the addressed line.)7 1696 3 1440 2448 t
10 I f
(a)4471 2448 w
10 R f
( the)1 148(command only in)2 704 2 4548 2448 t
(placement of the text.)3 865 1 1440 2568 t
(\()1080 2736 w
10 CW f
(.,.+1)1129 2736 w
10 R f
(\))1445 2736 w
10 CW f
(j)1494 2736 w
10 R f
( is left at the)4 550( Dot)1 214( are deleted.)2 512(Join the addressed lines into a single line; intermediate newlines)9 2684 4 1440 2856 t
(resulting line.)1 550 1 1440 2976 t
(\()1080 3144 w
10 CW f
(.)1129 3144 w
10 R f
(\))1205 3144 w
10 CW f
(k)1254 3144 w
10 I f
(x)1314 3144 w
10 R f
(Mark the addressed line with name)5 1460 1 1440 3144 t
10 I f
(x,)2937 3144 w
10 R f
( address form)2 567( The)1 217(which must be a lower\255case letter.)5 1423 3 3043 3144 t
10 CW f
(')5288 3144 w
10 I f
(x)5356 3144 w
10 R f
(then addresses this line.)3 949 1 1440 3264 t
(\()1080 3432 w
10 CW f
(.,.)1129 3432 w
10 R f
(\))1325 3432 w
10 CW f
(l)1374 3432 w
10 R f
( the addressed lines in an unambiguous way: a tab is printed as)12 2556(List. Print)1 430 2 1440 3552 t
10 CW f
(\\t)4455 3552 w
10 R f
( backspace as)2 552(, a)1 98 2 4575 3552 t
10 CW f
(\\b)5255 3552 w
10 R f
(,)5375 3552 w
(backslashes as)1 587 1 1440 3672 t
10 CW f
(\\\\)2059 3672 w
10 R f
(, and non\255printing characters as a backslash, an)7 1930 1 2179 3672 t
10 CW f
(x)4141 3672 w
10 R f
(, and two hexadecimal digits.)4 1199 1 4201 3672 t
( the last)2 321( If)1 121( are folded, with the second and subsequent sub\255lines indented one tab stop.)12 3089(Long lines)1 429 4 1440 3792 t
(character in the line is a blank, it is followed by)10 1960 1 1440 3912 t
10 CW f
(\\n)3431 3912 w
10 R f
(. An)1 203 1 3551 3912 t
10 CW f
(l)3785 3912 w
10 R f
( appended, like)2 617(may be)1 297 2 3876 3912 t
10 CW f
(p)4820 3912 w
10 R f
(, to any non\255)3 520 1 4880 3912 t
(I/O command.)1 577 1 1440 4032 t
(\()1080 4200 w
10 CW f
(.,.)1129 4200 w
10 R f
(\))1325 4200 w
10 CW f
(m)1374 4200 w
10 I f
(a)1434 4200 w
10 R f
( the addressed lines after the line addressed by)8 1899(Move. Reposition)1 748 2 1440 4320 t
10 I f
(a)4118 4320 w
10 R f
( last moved)2 475( is left at the)4 518(. Dot)1 231 3 4176 4320 t
(line.)1440 4440 w
(\()1080 4608 w
10 CW f
(.,.)1129 4608 w
10 R f
(\))1325 4608 w
10 CW f
(n)1374 4608 w
10 R f
(Number. Perform)1 735 1 1440 4728 t
10 CW f
(p)2206 4728 w
10 R f
( An)1 178(, prefixing each line with its line number and a tab.)10 2096 2 2266 4728 t
10 CW f
(n)4571 4728 w
10 R f
(may be appended,)2 737 1 4663 4728 t
(like)1440 4848 w
10 CW f
(p)1615 4848 w
10 R f
(, to any non\255I/O command.)4 1082 1 1675 4848 t
(\()1080 5016 w
10 CW f
(.,.)1129 5016 w
10 R f
(\))1325 5016 w
10 CW f
(p)1374 5016 w
10 R f
( A)1 130( at the last line printed.)5 956( is left)2 264( Dot)1 207(Print the addressed lines.)3 1020 5 1440 5136 t
10 CW f
(p)4050 5136 w
10 R f
(appended to any non\255I/O com\255)4 1257 1 4143 5136 t
(mand causes the then current line to be printed after the command is executed.)13 3132 1 1440 5256 t
(\()1080 5424 w
10 CW f
(.,.)1129 5424 w
10 R f
(\))1325 5424 w
10 CW f
(P)1374 5424 w
10 R f
(This command is a synonym for)5 1291 1 1440 5544 t
10 CW f
(p)2756 5544 w
10 R f
(.)2816 5544 w
10 CW f
(q)1080 5712 w
10 R f
( A)1 130( automatic write of a file is done.)7 1376( No)1 180(Quit the editor.)2 624 4 1440 5712 t
10 CW f
(q)3783 5712 w
10 R f
(or)3876 5712 w
10 CW f
(e)3993 5712 w
10 R f
(command is considered to be in)5 1313 1 4087 5712 t
(error if the buffer has been modified since the last)9 1992 1 1440 5832 t
10 CW f
(w)3457 5832 w
10 R f
(,)3517 5832 w
10 CW f
(q)3567 5832 w
10 R f
(, or)1 133 1 3627 5832 t
10 CW f
(e)3785 5832 w
10 R f
(command.)3870 5832 w
10 CW f
(Q)1080 6000 w
10 R f
(Quit unconditionally.)1 856 1 1440 6000 t
(\()1080 6168 w
10 CW f
($)1113 6168 w
10 R f
(\) r)1 82 1 1173 6168 t
10 I f
(filename)1280 6168 w
10 R f
( no)1 130( If)1 121(Read in the given file after the addressed line.)8 1872 3 1440 6288 t
10 I f
(filename)3593 6288 w
10 R f
(is given, the remembered file name)5 1433 1 3967 6288 t
( the read)2 349( If)1 119( already.)1 346( file name is remembered if there were no remembered file name)11 2633( The)1 209(is used.)1 304 6 1440 6408 t
( is left at the last line read from the file.)10 1578( Dot)1 200(is successful, the number of characters read is printed.)8 2161 3 1440 6528 t
(\()1080 6696 w
10 CW f
(.,.)1129 6696 w
10 R f
(\))1325 6696 w
10 CW f
(s)1374 6696 w
10 I f
(n)1434 6696 w
10 CW f
(/)1484 6696 w
10 I f
(regular expression)1 752 1 1544 6696 t
10 CW f
(/)2296 6696 w
10 I f
(replacement)2356 6696 w
10 CW f
(/)2849 6696 w
10 R f
(\()1080 6816 w
10 CW f
(.,.)1129 6816 w
10 R f
(\))1325 6816 w
10 CW f
(s)1374 6816 w
10 I f
(n)1434 6816 w
10 CW f
(/)1484 6816 w
10 I f
(regular expression)1 752 1 1544 6816 t
10 CW f
(/)2296 6816 w
10 I f
(replacement)2356 6816 w
10 CW f
(/g)2849 6816 w
10 R f
(\()1080 6936 w
10 CW f
(.,.)1129 6936 w
10 R f
(\))1325 6936 w
10 CW f
(s)1374 6936 w
10 I f
(n)1434 6936 w
10 CW f
(/)1484 6936 w
10 I f
(regular expression)1 752 1 1544 6936 t
10 CW f
(/)2296 6936 w
10 I f
(replacement)2356 6936 w
10 R f
( On)1 180( the specified regular expression.)4 1348( each addressed line for an occurrence of)7 1678(Substitute. Search)1 754 4 1440 7056 t
(each line in which)3 774 1 1440 7176 t
10 I f
(n)2254 7176 w
10 R f
(matches are found \()3 834 1 2344 7176 t
10 I f
(n)3186 7176 w
10 R f
(defaults to 1 if missing\), the)5 1197 1 3276 7176 t
10 I f
(n)4513 7176 w
10 R f
( string is)2 373(th matched)1 456 2 4571 7176 t
( the global replacement indicator)4 1386( If)1 134( specified.)1 428(replaced by the replacement)3 1172 4 1440 7296 t
10 CW f
(g)4603 7296 w
10 R f
(appears after the)2 694 1 4706 7296 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 59)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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86 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( ED)1 4267(ED \( 1 \))3 273 3 720 480 t
( is an error for the substitution to)7 1313( It)1 111( line are also replaced.)4 894(command, all subsequent matches on the)5 1642 4 1440 960 t
( used instead of)3 636( character other than space or newline may be)8 1851( Any)1 225(fail on all addressed lines.)4 1052 4 1440 1080 t
10 CW f
(/)5233 1080 w
10 R f
(to)5322 1080 w
( The)1 218( is left at the last line substituted.)7 1408( Dot)1 213(delimit the regular expression and the replacement.)6 2121 4 1440 1200 t
(third form means)2 708 1 1440 1320 t
10 CW f
(s)2183 1320 w
10 I f
(n)2251 1320 w
10 CW f
(/)2309 1320 w
10 I f
(regular expression)1 752 1 2377 1320 t
10 CW f
(/)3137 1320 w
10 I f
(replacement)3205 1320 w
10 CW f
(/p)3698 1320 w
10 R f
( second)1 312(. The)1 240 2 3818 1320 t
10 CW f
(/)4405 1320 w
10 R f
(may be omitted if the)4 899 1 4501 1320 t
(replacement is empty.)2 879 1 1440 1440 t
(An ampersand)1 599 1 1440 1608 t
10 CW f
(&)2084 1608 w
10 R f
( by the string matching the regular)6 1502(appearing in the replacement is replaced)5 1709 2 2189 1608 t
( characters)1 428(expression. The)1 657 2 1440 1728 t
10 CW f
(\\)2550 1728 w
10 I f
(n,)2618 1728 w
10 R f
(where)2718 1728 w
10 I f
(n)2986 1728 w
10 R f
(is a digit, are replaced by the text matched by the)10 1960 1 3061 1728 t
10 I f
(n)5046 1728 w
10 R f
(\255th reg\255)1 296 1 5104 1728 t
(ular subexpression enclosed between)3 1525 1 1440 1848 t
10 CW f
(\()3006 1848 w
10 R f
(and)3107 1848 w
10 CW f
(\))3292 1848 w
10 R f
( are)1 163( nested, parenthesized subexpressions)3 1556(. When)1 329 3 3352 1848 t
(present,)1440 1968 w
10 I f
(n)1778 1968 w
10 R f
(is determined by counting occurrences of)5 1649 1 1853 1968 t
10 CW f
(\()3527 1968 w
10 R f
(starting from the left.)3 849 1 3612 1968 t
(A literal)1 330 1 1440 2136 t
10 CW f
(&)1795 2136 w
10 R f
(,)1855 2136 w
10 CW f
(/)1905 2136 w
10 R f
(,)1965 2136 w
10 CW f
(\\)2015 2136 w
10 R f
(or newline may be included in a replacement by prefixing it with)11 2593 1 2100 2136 t
10 CW f
(\\)4718 2136 w
10 R f
(.)4778 2136 w
(\()1080 2304 w
10 CW f
(.,.)1129 2304 w
10 R f
(\))1325 2304 w
10 CW f
(t)1374 2304 w
10 I f
(a)1450 2304 w
10 R f
( the addressed lines after the line addressed by)8 1899(Transfer. Copy)1 635 2 1440 2424 t
10 I f
(a.)4005 2424 w
10 R f
( line of the)3 451(Dot is left at the last)5 838 2 4111 2424 t
(copy.)1440 2544 w
(\()1080 2712 w
10 CW f
(.,.)1129 2712 w
10 R f
(\))1325 2712 w
10 CW f
(u)1374 2712 w
10 R f
( which a)2 356( the preceding contents of the current line, which must be the last line in)14 2994(Undo. Restore)1 610 3 1440 2832 t
(substitution was made.)2 914 1 1440 2952 t
(\()1080 3120 w
10 CW f
(1,$)1129 3120 w
10 R f
(\))1325 3120 w
10 CW f
(v/)1374 3120 w
10 I f
(regular expression)1 752 1 1494 3120 t
10 CW f
(/)2246 3120 w
10 I f
(command list)1 536 1 2306 3120 t
10 R f
(\()1080 3240 w
10 CW f
(1,$)1129 3240 w
10 R f
(\))1325 3240 w
10 CW f
(v/)1374 3240 w
10 I f
(regular expression)1 752 1 1494 3240 t
10 CW f
(/)2246 3240 w
10 R f
(\()1080 3360 w
10 CW f
(1,$)1129 3360 w
10 R f
(\))1325 3360 w
10 CW f
(v/)1374 3360 w
10 I f
(regular expression)1 752 1 1494 3360 t
10 R f
( the global command)3 844(This command is the same as)5 1174 2 1440 3480 t
10 CW f
(g)3484 3480 w
10 R f
(except that the command list is executed with)7 1830 1 3570 3480 t
(dot initially set to every line)5 1125 1 1440 3600 t
10 I f
(except)2590 3600 w
10 R f
(those matching the regular expression.)4 1539 1 2869 3600 t
(\()1080 3768 w
10 CW f
(1,$)1129 3768 w
10 R f
(\))1325 3768 w
10 CW f
(w)1374 3768 w
10 I f
(filename)1459 3768 w
10 R f
( file does not exist, it is created with mode 666)10 1948( the)1 154( If)1 123(Write the addressed lines to the given file.)7 1735 4 1440 3888 t
( no)1 129( If)1 120(\(readable and writable by everyone\).)4 1480 3 1440 4008 t
10 I f
(filename)3198 4008 w
10 R f
(is given, the remembered file name, if any, is)8 1829 1 3571 4008 t
( is)1 114( Dot)1 222( were no remembered file name already.)6 1740( file name is remembered if there)6 1450(used. The)1 434 5 1440 4128 t
( the write is successful, the number of characters written is printed.)11 2675(unchanged. If)1 573 2 1440 4248 t
(\()1080 4416 w
10 CW f
(1,$)1129 4416 w
10 R f
(\))1325 4416 w
10 CW f
(W)1374 4416 w
10 I f
(filename)1459 4416 w
10 R f
(Perform)1440 4536 w
10 CW f
(w)1792 4536 w
10 R f
(, but append to, instead of overwriting, any existing file contents.)10 2603 1 1852 4536 t
(\()1080 4704 w
10 CW f
($)1113 4704 w
10 R f
(\))1173 4704 w
10 CW f
(=)1222 4704 w
10 R f
( is unchanged.)2 574( Dot)1 200(Print the line number of the addressed line.)7 1720 3 1440 4704 t
10 CW f
(!)1080 4872 w
10 I f
(shell command)1 602 1 1148 4872 t
10 R f
(Send the remainder of the line after the)7 1707 1 1440 4992 t
10 CW f
(!)3193 4992 w
10 R f
(to)3300 4992 w
10 I f
(rc)3425 4992 w
10 R f
( is)1 114( Dot)1 222(\(1\) to be interpreted as a command.)6 1548 3 3516 4992 t
(unchanged.)1440 5112 w
(\()1080 5280 w
10 CW f
(.+1)1129 5280 w
10 R f
(\))1309 5280 w
10 S f
(<)1358 5280 w
10 R f
(newline)1413 5280 w
10 S f
(>)1729 5280 w
10 R f
(An address without a command is taken as a)8 1807 1 1440 5400 t
10 CW f
(p)3276 5400 w
10 R f
( terminal)1 362(command. A)1 545 2 3365 5400 t
10 CW f
(/)4302 5400 w
10 R f
(may be omitted from the)4 1008 1 4392 5400 t
( blank line alone is equivalent to)6 1299(address. A)1 446 2 1440 5520 t
10 CW f
(.+1p)3210 5520 w
10 R f
(; it is useful for stepping through text.)7 1511 1 3450 5520 t
(If an interrupt signal)3 818 1 1080 5688 t
9 R f
(\(DEL\))1921 5688 w
10 R f
(is sent,)1 278 1 2181 5688 t
10 I f
(ed)2484 5688 w
10 R f
(prints a)1 297 1 2603 5688 t
10 CW f
(?)2925 5688 w
10 R f
(and returns to its command level.)5 1332 1 3010 5688 t
(When reading a file,)3 814 1 1080 5856 t
10 I f
(ed)1919 5856 w
10 R f
(discards)2038 5856 w
9 R f
(NUL)2388 5856 w
10 R f
(characters and all characters after the last newline.)7 2009 1 2598 5856 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 6024 t
10 CW f
(/tmp/e*)1080 6144 w
(ed.hup)1080 6264 w
10 R f
(work is saved here if terminal hangs up)7 1572 1 1515 6264 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6432 t
10 I f
(sam)1080 6552 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1249 6552 w
10 I f
(sed)1415 6552 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1556 6552 w
10 I f
(regexp)1722 6552 w
10 R f
(\(6\))2001 6552 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 6720 t
10 CW f
(?)1080 6840 w
10 I f
(name)1148 6840 w
10 R f
(for inaccessible file;)2 829 1 1399 6840 t
10 CW f
(?TMP)2264 6840 w
10 R f
(for temporary file overflow;)3 1155 1 2540 6840 t
10 CW f
(?)3731 6840 w
10 R f
(for errors in commands or other over\255)6 1573 1 3827 6840 t
(flows.)1080 6960 w
( 60)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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87 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( EMACS)1 4055(EMACS \( 1 \))3 485 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(emacs)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1354 1080 w
10 R f
(editor macros)1 546 1 1444 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(emacs)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 I f
(options)1463 1368 w
10 R f
(])1783 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
(This page intentionally left blank.)4 1352 1 1080 1656 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1824 t
10 I f
(sam)1080 1944 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1249 1944 w
10 I f
(vi)1415 1944 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1495 1944 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2112 t
10 R f
(Many.)1080 2232 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 61)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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88 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( EQN)1 4195(EQN \( 1 \))3 345 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(eqn)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1274 1080 w
10 R f
(typeset mathematics)1 813 1 1364 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(eqn)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1343 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1724 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1840 1368 t
10 R f
(])2093 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Eqn)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(is a)1 136 1 1266 1656 t
10 I f
(troff)1427 1656 w
10 R f
( is almost always)3 686( Usage)1 299(\(1\) preprocessor for typesetting mathematics on a typesetter.)7 2417 3 1608 1656 t
10 CW f
(eqn file ... | troff)4 1200 1 1440 1824 t
10 R f
( standard input.)2 621(If no files are specified, these programs read from the)9 2138 2 1080 1992 t
10 I f
(Eqn)3890 1992 w
10 R f
(prepares output for the typesetter)4 1323 1 4077 1992 t
(named in the)2 522 1 1080 2112 t
10 CW f
(\255T)1629 2112 w
10 I f
(dest)1757 2112 w
10 R f
(option \(Postscript default, see)3 1194 1 1945 2112 t
10 I f
(troff)3166 2112 w
10 R f
( run with other preprocessor filters,)5 1418(\(1\)\). When)1 464 2 3347 2112 t
10 I f
(eqn)5256 2112 w
10 R f
(usually comes last.)2 758 1 1080 2232 t
(A line beginning with)3 878 1 1080 2400 t
10 CW f
(.EQ)1984 2400 w
10 R f
( marked by a line begin\255)5 983(marks the start of an equation; the end of an equation is)11 2227 2 2190 2400 t
(ning with)1 382 1 1080 2520 t
10 CW f
(.EN)1488 2520 w
10 R f
( is altered, so they may be defined in macro packages to get centering,)13 2802( of these lines)3 555(. Neither)1 375 3 1668 2520 t
( possible to set two characters as `delimiters'; text between delimiters is also)12 3117( is also)2 286( It)1 115(numbering, etc.)1 628 4 1080 2640 t
10 I f
(eqn)5256 2640 w
10 R f
( may be set to characters)5 1003(input. Delimiters)1 707 2 1080 2760 t
10 I f
(x)2819 2760 w
10 R f
(and)2892 2760 w
10 I f
(y)3065 2760 w
10 R f
(with the option)2 614 1 3138 2760 t
10 CW f
(\255d)3781 2760 w
10 I f
(xy)3909 2760 w
10 R f
( with)1 206(or \(more commonly\))2 840 2 4026 2760 t
10 CW f
(delim)5100 2760 w
10 I f
(xy)1080 2880 w
10 R f
(between)1201 2880 w
10 CW f
(.EQ)1566 2880 w
10 R f
(and)1779 2880 w
10 CW f
(.EN)1956 2880 w
10 R f
( are customarily taken to be)5 1151( \(They)1 297( identical.)1 403( and right delimiters may be)5 1164(. Left)1 249 5 2136 2880 t
10 CW f
($$)1080 3000 w
10 R f
( are turned off by)4 732(\). Delimiters)1 541 2 1208 3000 t
10 CW f
(delim off)1 550 1 2516 3000 t
10 R f
( text that is neither between delimiters nor between)8 2121(. All)1 213 2 3066 3000 t
10 CW f
(.EQ)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(and)1285 3120 w
10 CW f
(.EN)1454 3120 w
10 R f
(is passed through untouched.)3 1160 1 1659 3120 t
(Tokens within)1 585 1 1080 3288 t
10 I f
(eqn)1700 3288 w
10 R f
(are separated by spaces, tabs, newlines, braces, double quotes, tildes or circumflexes.)11 3521 1 1879 3288 t
( are used for grouping; generally speaking, anywhere a single character like)11 3151(Braces {})1 405 2 1080 3408 t
10 CW f
(x)4673 3408 w
10 R f
(could appear, a)2 630 1 4770 3408 t
( Tilde)1 262( instead.)1 334(complicated construction enclosed in braces may be used)7 2287 3 1080 3528 t
10 CW f
(~)3989 3528 w
10 R f
(represents a full space in the out\255)6 1325 1 4075 3528 t
(put, circumflex)1 610 1 1080 3648 t
10 CW f
(^)1715 3648 w
10 R f
(half as much.)2 535 1 1800 3648 t
(Subscripts and superscripts are produced with the keywords)7 2442 1 1080 3816 t
10 CW f
(sub)3554 3816 w
10 R f
(and)3766 3816 w
10 CW f
(sup.)3942 3816 w
10 R f
(Thus)4214 3816 w
10 CW f
(x sub i)2 434 1 4446 3816 t
10 R f
(makes)4912 3816 w
10 I f
(x)5199 3816 w
7 I f
(i)5254 3836 w
10 R f
(,)5282 3816 w
10 CW f
(a)5340 3816 w
(sub i sup 2)3 660 1 1080 3936 t
10 R f
(produces)1765 3936 w
10 I f
(a)2150 3936 w
7 I f
(i)2205 3955 w
7 R f
(2)2205 3896 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 2248 3936 t
10 CW f
(e sup {x sup 2 + y sup 2})8 1500 1 2467 3936 t
10 R f
(gives)3992 3936 w
10 I f
(e)4228 3936 w
7 I f
(x)4283 3896 w
4 R f
(2)4320 3859 w
7 S f
(+)4356 3896 w
7 I f
(y)4406 3896 w
4 R f
(2)4443 3859 w
10 R f
(.)4476 3936 w
10 CW f
(Over)1080 4144 w
10 R f
(makes fractions:)1 657 1 1345 4144 t
10 CW f
(a over b)2 480 1 2027 4144 t
10 R f
(yields)2532 4144 w
10 I f
(b)2821 4214 w
(a)2821 4084 w
10 S1 f
(_ _)1 80 1 2806 4114 t
10 R f
(.)2896 4144 w
10 CW f
(Sqrt)1080 4402 w
10 R f
(produces square roots:)2 898 1 1345 4402 t
10 CW f
(1 over sqrt {ax sup 2 +bx+c})6 1680 1 2268 4402 t
10 R f
(results in)1 364 1 3973 4402 t
12 S f
(\326` ````````)1 550 1 4387 4510 t
10 I f
(ax)4461 4510 w
7 R f
(2)4566 4470 w
10 S f
(+)4625 4510 w
10 I f
(bx)4696 4510 w
10 S f
(+)4814 4510 w
10 I f
(c)4885 4510 w
10 R f
(1)4641 4342 w
10 S1 f
(_ ___________)1 588 1 4372 4372 t
10 R f
(.)4995 4402 w
(The keywords)1 574 1 1080 4708 t
10 CW f
(from)1685 4708 w
10 R f
(and)1956 4708 w
10 CW f
(to)2131 4708 w
10 R f
(introduce lower and upper limits on arbitrary things:)7 2144 1 2283 4708 t
7 I f
(n)4459 4778 w
7 S f
(\256 \245)1 125 1 4499 4778 t
10 R f
(lim)4474 4708 w
7 R f
(0)4674 4808 w
15 S f
(S)4647 4738 w
7 I f
(n)4674 4608 w
10 I f
(x)4760 4708 w
7 I f
(i)4815 4728 w
10 R f
(is made with)2 525 1 4875 4708 t
10 CW f
(lim from {n \255> inf} sum from 0 to n x sub i .)13 2700 1 1080 4908 t
10 R f
( made with)2 448(Left and right brackets, braces, etc., of the right height are)10 2326 2 1080 5076 t
10 CW f
(left)3881 5076 w
10 R f
(and)4148 5076 w
10 CW f
(right)4319 5076 w
10 R f
(:)4619 5076 w
10 CW f
(left [ x sup)3 726 1 4674 5076 t
( sup 2 over alpha right ] ~=~1)7 1919(2 + y)2 336 2 1080 5281 t
10 R f
(produces)3377 5281 w
10 S f
(\351)3787 5194 w
(\357)3787 5294 w
(\353)3787 5394 w
10 I f
(x)3837 5291 w
7 R f
(2)3892 5251 w
10 S f
(+)3951 5291 w
(a)4064 5361 w
10 I f
(y)4047 5231 w
7 R f
(2)4102 5191 w
10 S1 f
(_ __)1 128 1 4032 5261 t
10 S f
(\371)4170 5194 w
(\357)4170 5294 w
(\373)4170 5394 w
(=)4257 5281 w
10 R f
(1. The)1 297 1 4361 5281 t
10 CW f
(right)4700 5281 w
10 R f
(clause is)1 358 1 5042 5281 t
( characters after)2 641(optional. Legal)1 633 2 1080 5506 t
10 CW f
(left)2382 5506 w
10 R f
(and)2650 5506 w
10 CW f
(right)2822 5506 w
10 R f
(are braces, brackets, bars,)3 1032 1 3150 5506 t
10 CW f
(c)4211 5506 w
10 R f
(and)4300 5506 w
10 CW f
(f)4473 5506 w
10 R f
(for ceiling and floor,)3 838 1 4562 5506 t
(and)1080 5626 w
10 CW f
("")1284 5626 w
10 R f
(for nothing at all \(useful for a right\255side\255only bracket\).)8 2176 1 1429 5626 t
(Vertical piles of things are made with)6 1509 1 1080 5794 t
10 CW f
(pile)2615 5794 w
10 R f
(,)2855 5794 w
10 CW f
(lpile)2906 5794 w
10 R f
(,)3206 5794 w
10 CW f
(cpile)3257 5794 w
10 R f
(, and)1 195 1 3557 5794 t
10 CW f
(rpile)3778 5794 w
10 R f
(:)4078 5794 w
10 CW f
(pile {a above b above)4 1268 1 4132 5794 t
(c})1080 5994 w
10 R f
(produces)1235 5994 w
10 I f
(c)1633 6094 w
(b)1630 5994 w
(a)1630 5894 w
10 R f
( be an arbitrary number of elements in a pile.)9 1877( can)1 173(. There)1 317 3 1680 5994 t
10 CW f
(lpile)4106 5994 w
10 R f
(left\255justifies,)4440 5994 w
10 CW f
(pile)4982 5994 w
10 R f
(and)5256 5994 w
10 CW f
(cpile)1080 6194 w
10 R f
(center, with different vertical spacing, and)5 1687 1 1405 6194 t
10 CW f
(rpile)3117 6194 w
10 R f
(right justifies.)1 556 1 3442 6194 t
(Matrices are made with)3 948 1 1080 6362 t
10 CW f
(matrix)2056 6362 w
10 R f
(:)2416 6362 w
10 CW f
( sub 2 } ccol { 1)6 1044(matrix { lcol { x sub i above y)8 1884 2 2472 6362 t
(above 2 } })3 660 1 1080 6572 t
10 R f
(produces)1765 6572 w
10 I f
(y)2150 6622 w
7 R f
(2)2205 6642 w
10 I f
(x)2150 6462 w
7 I f
(i)2205 6482 w
10 R f
(2)2298 6622 w
(1)2298 6462 w
( addition, there is)3 694(. In)1 158 2 2348 6572 t
10 CW f
(rcol)3225 6572 w
10 R f
(for a right\255justified column.)3 1110 1 3490 6572 t
(Diacritical marks are made with)4 1336 1 1080 6790 t
10 CW f
(prime)2455 6790 w
10 R f
(,)2755 6790 w
10 CW f
(dot)2819 6790 w
10 R f
(,)2999 6790 w
10 CW f
(dotdot)3063 6790 w
10 R f
(,)3423 6790 w
10 CW f
(hat)3487 6790 w
10 R f
(,)3667 6790 w
10 CW f
(tilde)3731 6790 w
10 R f
(,)4031 6790 w
10 CW f
(bar)4096 6790 w
10 R f
(,)4276 6790 w
10 CW f
(under)4341 6790 w
10 R f
(,)4641 6790 w
10 CW f
(vec)4706 6790 w
10 R f
(,)4886 6790 w
10 CW f
(dyad)4951 6790 w
10 R f
(, and)1 209 1 5191 6790 t
10 CW f
(under)1080 6915 w
10 R f
(:)1380 6915 w
10 CW f
(x sub 0 sup prime = f\(t\) bar + g\(t\) under)10 2480 1 1435 6915 t
10 R f
(is)3942 6915 w
10 I f
(x)4036 6915 w
7 R f
(0)4085 6934 w
10 S f
(\242)4085 6910 w
(=)4144 6915 w
10 I f
(f)4223 6915 w
10 R f
(\()4267 6915 w
10 I f
(t)4308 6915 w
10 R f
(\))4344 6915 w
10 S1 f
(_ __)1 144 1 4233 6822 t
10 S f
(+)4393 6915 w
10 I f
(g)4464 6915 w
10 R f
(\()4522 6915 w
10 I f
(t)4563 6915 w
10 R f
(\))4599 6915 w
10 S f
(_ ___)1 163 1 4464 6925 t
10 R f
(, and)1 196 1 4632 6915 t
10 CW f
( y)1 121(x vec =)2 424 2 4855 6915 t
(dyad)1080 7040 w
10 R f
(is)1345 7040 w
10 I f
(x)1437 7040 w
7 S f
(\256)1427 6990 w
10 S f
(=)1506 7040 w
10 I f
(y)1577 7040 w
7 S f
(\254 \256)1 80 1 1561 6990 t
10 R f
(.)1621 7040 w
( 62)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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89 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( EQN)1 4195(EQN \( 1 \))3 345 3 720 480 t
( prefix operators)2 663(Sizes and fonts can be changed with)6 1453 2 1080 960 t
10 CW f
(size)3223 960 w
10 I f
(n,)3490 960 w
10 CW f
(size \261)1 327 1 3592 960 t
10 I f
(n,)3927 960 w
10 CW f
(fat)4029 960 w
10 R f
(,)4209 960 w
10 CW f
(roman)4261 960 w
10 R f
(,)4561 960 w
10 CW f
(italic)4613 960 w
10 R f
(,)4973 960 w
10 CW f
(bold)5025 960 w
10 R f
(, or)1 135 1 5265 960 t
10 CW f
(font)1080 1080 w
10 I f
(n.)1360 1080 w
10 R f
(Size and fonts can be changed globally in a document by)10 2424 1 1475 1080 t
10 CW f
(gsize)3939 1080 w
10 I f
(n)4279 1080 w
10 R f
(and)4369 1080 w
10 CW f
(gfont)4553 1080 w
10 I f
(n)4893 1080 w
10 R f
( the)1 161(, or by)2 288 2 4951 1080 t
(command\255line arguments)1 1018 1 1080 1200 t
10 CW f
(\255s)2123 1200 w
10 I f
(n)2251 1200 w
10 R f
(and)2326 1200 w
10 CW f
(\255f)2495 1200 w
10 I f
(n.)2623 1200 w
10 R f
( size; this may be)4 766(Normally subscripts and superscripts are reduced by 3 point sizes from the previous)12 3554 2 1080 1368 t
(changed by the command\255line argument)4 1608 1 1080 1488 t
10 CW f
(\255p)2713 1488 w
10 I f
(n.)2841 1488 w
10 R f
( Place)1 267( up.)1 151(Successive display arguments can be lined)5 1700 3 1080 1656 t
10 CW f
(mark)3224 1656 w
10 R f
(before the desired lineup point in the first equa\255)8 1910 1 3490 1656 t
(tion; place)1 419 1 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(lineup)1524 1776 w
10 R f
(at the place that is to line up vertically in subsequent equations.)11 2531 1 1909 1776 t
(Shorthands may be defined or existing keywords redefined with)8 2581 1 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
(define)3689 1944 w
10 R f
(:)4049 1944 w
10 CW f
(define)4105 1944 w
10 I f
(thing)4494 1944 w
10 CW f
(%)4729 1944 w
10 I f
(replacement)4818 1944 w
10 CW f
(%)5340 1944 w
10 R f
(defines a new token called)4 1114 1 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(thing)2233 2064 w
10 R f
( by)1 138(which will be replaced)3 948 2 2478 2064 t
10 I f
(replacement)3602 2064 w
10 R f
(whenever it appears thereafter.)3 1267 1 4133 2064 t
(The)1080 2184 w
10 CW f
(%)1260 2184 w
10 R f
(may be any character that does not occur in)8 1734 1 1345 2184 t
10 CW f
(replacement)3104 2184 w
10 R f
(.)3764 2184 w
(Keywords like)1 586 1 1080 2363 t
10 CW f
(sum)1692 2363 w
10 R f
(\()1898 2363 w
15 S f
(S)1955 2393 w
10 R f
(\) ,)1 74 1 2068 2363 t
10 CW f
(int)2168 2363 w
10 R f
(\()2374 2363 w
14 S f
(\362)2423 2373 w
10 R f
(\) ,)1 74 1 2501 2363 t
10 CW f
(inf)2601 2363 w
10 R f
(\()2807 2363 w
10 S f
(\245)2848 2363 w
10 R f
( like)1 177( and shorthands)2 629(\) ,)1 74 3 2929 2363 t
10 CW f
(>=)3836 2363 w
10 R f
(\()3983 2363 w
10 S f
(\263)4032 2363 w
10 R f
(\) ,)1 74 1 4103 2363 t
10 CW f
(\255>)4204 2363 w
10 R f
(\()4351 2363 w
10 S f
(\256)4400 2363 w
10 R f
( and)1 171(\) ,)1 74 2 4515 2363 t
10 CW f
(!=)4787 2363 w
10 R f
(\()4934 2363 w
10 S f
(\271)4975 2363 w
10 R f
(\) are rec\255)2 362 1 5038 2363 t
( out in the desired case, as in)7 1218( letters are spelled)3 756(ognized. Greek)1 645 3 1080 2493 t
10 CW f
(alpha)3734 2493 w
10 R f
(or)4069 2493 w
10 CW f
(GAMMA)4187 2493 w
10 R f
( words)1 279(. Mathematical)1 634 2 4487 2493 t
(like)1080 2613 w
10 CW f
(sin)1255 2613 w
10 R f
(,)1435 2613 w
10 CW f
(cos)1485 2613 w
10 R f
(,)1665 2613 w
10 CW f
(log)1715 2613 w
10 R f
(are made Roman automatically.)3 1270 1 1920 2613 t
10 I f
(Troff)3240 2613 w
10 R f
( like)1 176(\(1\) four\255character escapes)2 1033 2 3449 2613 t
10 CW f
(\\\(lh)4684 2613 w
10 R f
(\()4950 2613 w
10 S1 f
()4983 2613 w
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16 177 moveto
16 188 lineto
21 193 lineto
30 193 lineto
34 189 lineto
36 183 lineto
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27 170 lineto
19 172 lineto
16 177 lineto
stroke

38 194 moveto
38 196 lineto
53 199 lineto
68 201 lineto
83 202 lineto
98 203 lineto
113 204 lineto
128 204 lineto
143 205 lineto
158 205 lineto
173 205 lineto
188 204 lineto
203 203 lineto
218 202 lineto
233 200 lineto
248 198 lineto
263 196 lineto
278 194 lineto
293 190 lineto
308 186 lineto
323 181 lineto
338 176 lineto
353 168 lineto
361 162 lineto
364 153 lineto
366 138 lineto
367 126 lineto
368 106 lineto
369 80 lineto
369 74 lineto
368 60 lineto
367 54 lineto
362 43 lineto
348 34 lineto
333 28 lineto
318 25 lineto
303 26 lineto
288 29 lineto
273 31 lineto
258 32 lineto
243 32 lineto
228 30 lineto
213 27 lineto
198 24 lineto
183 23 lineto
168 23 lineto
153 27 lineto
148 34 lineto
148 47 lineto
153 54 lineto
168 58 lineto
183 58 lineto
198 58 lineto
213 59 lineto
226 60 lineto
228 62 lineto
228 67 lineto
223 71 lineto
208 71 lineto
193 70 lineto
178 70 lineto
163 70 lineto
148 70 lineto
133 71 lineto
123 76 lineto
120 84 lineto
120 91 lineto
122 98 lineto
129 104 lineto
144 106 lineto
159 107 lineto
174 107 lineto
189 107 lineto
202 108 lineto
204 110 lineto
204 117 lineto
201 119 lineto
186 119 lineto
171 119 lineto
156 119 lineto
141 119 lineto
126 119 lineto
111 121 lineto
103 128 lineto
101 137 lineto
101 142 lineto
103 150 lineto
111 158 lineto
126 161 lineto
141 161 lineto
156 162 lineto
171 163 lineto
186 163 lineto
191 165 lineto
192 167 lineto
192 171 lineto
190 174 lineto
176 175 lineto
161 175 lineto
146 175 lineto
131 174 lineto
116 174 lineto
101 174 lineto
86 173 lineto
71 172 lineto
56 171 lineto
41 171 lineto
41 174 lineto
43 178 lineto
43 187 lineto
38 194 lineto
stroke

373 169 moveto
373 176 lineto
375 182 lineto
386 190 lineto
401 193 lineto
408 191 lineto
411 185 lineto
412 181 lineto
414 167 lineto
415 158 lineto
416 144 lineto
417 128 lineto
418 110 lineto
418 60 lineto
417 45 lineto
415 37 lineto
409 34 lineto
394 31 lineto
381 35 lineto
379 42 lineto
379 52 lineto
380 67 lineto
380 77 lineto
379 77 lineto
378 106 lineto
377 121 lineto
376 133 lineto
375 147 lineto
374 158 lineto
373 169 lineto

stroke
grestore
} def
%%EndGlobal
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10 S1 f
4983 2613 m
100 build_lh
5083 2613 m
10 R f
(\) can be)2 317 1 5083 2613 t
( passed through untouched; this permits keywords)6 2010( enclosed in double quotes " " are)7 1352( Strings)1 336(used anywhere.)1 622 4 1080 2733 t
(to be entered as text, and can be used to communicate with)11 2351 1 1080 2853 t
10 I f
(troff)3456 2853 w
10 R f
(when all else fails.)3 743 1 3654 2853 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3021 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/font/devpost)1080 3141 w
10 R f
(font descriptions for Postscript)3 1230 1 2460 3141 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3309 t
10 I f
(troff)1080 3429 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1261 3429 w
10 I f
(tbl)1427 3429 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1541 3429 w
( Kernighan and L. L. Cherry, `Typesetting Mathematics)7 2368(B. W.)1 254 2 1080 3549 t
10 S1 f
(\320)3702 3549 w
10 R f
(User's Guide', Unix Research System)4 1598 1 3802 3549 t
(Programmer's Manual, Volume 2)3 1348 1 1080 3669 t
(J. F. Ossanna and B. W. Kernighan, `NROFF/TROFF User's Manual',)9 2828 1 1080 3789 t
10 I f
(ibid.)3933 3789 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3957 t
10 R f
(To embolden digits, parens, etc., it is necessary to quote them, as in)12 2700 1 1080 4077 t
10 CW f
(bold "12.3")1 660 1 3805 4077 t
10 R f
(.)4465 4077 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 63)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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90 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( FACTOR)1 4005(FACTOR \( 1 \))3 535 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(factor, primes)1 554 1 1080 1080 t
10 S f
(-)1659 1080 w
10 R f
(factor a number, generate large primes)5 1539 1 1739 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(factor)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1465 1368 w
10 I f
(number)1523 1368 w
10 R f
(])1853 1368 w
10 CW f
(qfactor)1080 1536 w
(primes)1080 1704 w
10 R f
([)1465 1704 w
10 I f
(start)1523 1704 w
10 R f
([)1732 1704 w
10 I f
(finish)1790 1704 w
10 R f
(] ])1 91 1 2038 1704 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 I f
(Factor)1080 1992 w
10 R f
(prints)1378 1992 w
10 I f
(number)1632 1992 w
10 R f
( number must be)3 672( The)1 206(and its prime factors, each repeated the proper number of times.)10 2559 3 1963 1992 t
(positive and less than 2)4 933 1 1080 2112 t
7 R f
(56)2013 2062 w
10 R f
(\(about 7.2)1 405 1 2108 2112 t
10 S f
(\264)2513 2112 w
10 R f
(10)2568 2112 w
7 R f
(16)2668 2062 w
10 R f
(\).)2754 2112 w
(If no)1 196 1 1080 2280 t
10 I f
(number)1306 2280 w
10 R f
(is given,)1 344 1 1641 2280 t
10 I f
(factor)2015 2280 w
10 R f
( exits)1 220( It)1 117( factors them.)2 558(reads a stream of numbers from the standard input and)9 2221 4 2284 2280 t
( running time is proportional to)5 1253( Maximum)1 467(on any input not a positive integer.)6 1391 3 1080 2400 t
10 S f
(\326)4216 2400 w
10 I f
(n)4271 2400 w
10 S f
(`)4271 2400 w
10 I f
(.)4321 2400 w
(Primes)1080 2568 w
10 R f
( numbers ranging from)3 942(prints the prime)2 647 2 1395 2568 t
10 I f
(start)3017 2568 w
10 R f
(to)3234 2568 w
10 I f
(finish,)3345 2568 w
10 R f
(where)3626 2568 w
10 I f
(start)3902 2568 w
10 R f
(and)4119 2568 w
10 I f
(finish)4296 2568 w
10 R f
(are positive numbers)2 848 1 4552 2568 t
(less than 2)2 428 1 1080 2688 t
7 R f
(56)1508 2638 w
10 R f
(. If)1 143 1 1578 2688 t
10 I f
(finish)1748 2688 w
10 R f
(is missing,)1 431 1 1998 2688 t
10 I f
(primes)2456 2688 w
10 R f
(prints without end; if)3 848 1 2755 2688 t
10 I f
(start)3630 2688 w
10 R f
(is missing, it reads the starting number)6 1559 1 3841 2688 t
(from the standard input.)3 960 1 1080 2808 t
( 64)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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91 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( FILE)1 4189(FILE \( 1 \))3 351 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(file)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1238 1080 w
10 R f
(determine file type)2 754 1 1328 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(file)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 I f
(file)1403 1368 w
10 R f
(... ])1 158 1 1556 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(File)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(performs a series of tests on its argument)7 1688 1 1273 1656 t
10 I f
(files)2993 1656 w
10 R f
( classify their contents by language or)6 1562(in an attempt to)3 646 2 3192 1656 t
( no arguments are given, the classification is performed on standard input.)11 2959(purpose. If)1 457 2 1080 1776 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 1944 t
10 R f
(It can make mistakes, for example classifying a file of decimal data,)11 2719 1 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(.01)3824 2064 w
10 R f
(,)4004 2064 w
10 CW f
(.02)4054 2064 w
10 R f
(, etc. as)2 299 1 4234 2064 t
10 I f
(troff)4558 2064 w
10 R f
(\(1\) input.)1 372 1 4739 2064 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 65)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( FMT)1 4194(FMT \( 1 \))3 346 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(fmt)1080 1080 w
10 S f
(-)1244 1080 w
10 R f
(ultra\255simple text formatter)2 1054 1 1324 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fmt)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1343 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1724 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1840 1368 t
10 R f
(])2093 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Fmt)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(copies the given)2 651 1 1267 1656 t
10 I f
(files)1944 1656 w
10 R f
( The)1 207( by default\) to its standard output, filling and indenting lines.)10 2453(\(standard input)1 603 3 2137 1656 t
(options are)1 441 1 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1080 1944 w
10 I f
(n)1233 1944 w
10 R f
(Output line length is)3 820 1 1440 1944 t
10 I f
(n,)2285 1944 w
10 R f
(including indent, \(default 70\).)3 1196 1 2385 1944 t
10 CW f
(\255i)1080 2112 w
10 I f
(n)1233 2112 w
10 R f
(Indent)1440 2112 w
10 I f
(n)1720 2112 w
10 R f
(spaces \(default 0\).)2 728 1 1795 2112 t
10 CW f
(\255j)1080 2280 w
10 R f
(Don't join input lines, simply split them where necessary.)8 2310 1 1440 2280 t
( lines are inserted between input)5 1349( Empty)1 328(Empty lines and initial white space in input lines are preserved.)10 2643 3 1080 2448 t
(files.)1080 2568 w
10 I f
(Fmt)1080 2736 w
10 R f
(is idempotent: it leaves already formatted text unchanged.)7 2313 1 1266 2736 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2904 t
10 R f
(Words longer than 256 characters are split.)6 1715 1 1080 3024 t
( 66)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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93 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( FONE)1 4139(FONE \( 1 \))3 401 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(fone)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1282 1080 w
10 R f
(control ISDN telephone)2 954 1 1372 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fone)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 I f
(options...)1386 1368 w
10 R f
(])1764 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Fone)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(manages an)1 475 1 1317 1656 t
9 R f
(AT&T)1822 1656 w
10 R f
(7506)2099 1656 w
9 R f
(ISDN)2329 1656 w
10 R f
( normal functioning)2 810( control is supplementary:)3 1062( Program)1 401(telephone set.)1 556 4 2571 1656 t
( ProPhone1.5)1 540( set must be equipped with the)6 1228( The)1 207(of the phone is not affected.)5 1124 4 1080 1776 t
10 S f
(\324)4179 1776 w
9 R f
(ROM)4292 1776 w
10 R f
( ini\255)1 165( To)1 162(or equivalent.)1 550 3 4523 1776 t
(tialize after the)2 608 1 1080 1896 t
9 R f
(ROM)1716 1896 w
10 R f
(is first installed, push the)4 1023 1 1951 1896 t
10 CW f
(Select)3004 1896 w
10 R f
(, then the)2 379 1 3364 1896 t
10 CW f
(Data)3774 1896 w
10 R f
(button, and set parameters as fol\255)5 1355 1 4045 1896 t
(lows:)1080 2016 w
10 CW f
(DATA MODE: B2)2 780 1 1530 2184 t
(DATA RATE: 19200)2 960 1 1530 2304 t
(PARITY: SPACE)1 780 1 1530 2424 t
(LOCAL MODE: AT)2 840 1 1530 2544 t
10 I f
(Fone)1080 2712 w
10 R f
( the file)2 349( If)1 138( window.)1 394(should be run once per terminal session; it accepts commands typed in its)12 3188 4 1331 2712 t
10 CW f
(call.log)1080 2832 w
10 R f
( permanent log file may be initialized)6 1558( A)1 132( will contain a log of calls.)6 1123(exists and is writable, it)4 991 4 1596 2832 t
(with:)1080 2952 w
10 CW f
(chmod +a call.log >call.log)3 1620 1 1530 3120 t
10 R f
(Options for)1 458 1 1080 3288 t
10 I f
(fone)1563 3288 w
10 R f
(are:)1760 3288 w
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 3456 w
10 I f
(file)1233 3456 w
10 R f
(The telephone is controlled through)4 1426 1 1530 3456 t
10 I f
(file)2981 3456 w
10 R f
(instead of)1 391 1 3134 3456 t
10 CW f
(/dev/eia0)3550 3456 w
10 I f
(.)4098 3456 w
10 CW f
(\255l)1080 3624 w
10 I f
(file)1233 3624 w
10 R f
(Calls are logged in)3 752 1 1530 3624 t
10 I f
(file)2307 3624 w
10 R f
(instead of)1 391 1 2460 3624 t
10 CW f
(call.log)2876 3624 w
10 I f
(.)3364 3624 w
10 R f
(Commands to)1 570 1 1080 3792 t
10 I f
(fone)1686 3792 w
10 R f
( \()1 94(are read, one per line, from the standard input.)8 1936 2 1894 3792 t
10 CW f
(.,.)3940 3792 w
10 R f
(\).TP 9)1 261 1 4136 3792 t
10 CW f
(c)4433 3792 w
10 I f
(string)4537 3792 w
10 R f
(Call telephone)1 592 1 4808 3792 t
(number)1080 3912 w
10 I f
(string)1419 3912 w
10 R f
( characters are discarded, and the appropriate prefix \(9, 91, or none\) is)12 2907(. Non\255alphanumeric)1 832 2 1661 3912 t
( there is no active call, and)6 1091( \(If)1 153(guessed from the length of the result.)6 1502 3 1080 4032 t
10 I f
(string)3855 4032 w
10 R f
(begins with a digit, the initial)5 1193 1 4118 4032 t
10 CW f
(c)5340 4032 w
10 R f
(may be omitted.\))2 680 1 1080 4152 t
10 CW f
(C)1080 4320 w
10 I f
(string)1173 4320 w
10 R f
(The alphanumeric characters in)3 1254 1 1440 4320 t
10 I f
(string)2719 4320 w
10 R f
(are dialed exactly as given.)4 1083 1 2978 4320 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 4488 w
10 R f
(Drop the active call, or the last party added to a conference call.)12 2548 1 1440 4488 t
10 CW f
(h)1080 4656 w
10 R f
(Put the active call on hold.)5 1066 1 1440 4656 t
10 CW f
(k)1080 4824 w
10 I f
(string)1173 4824 w
10 R f
( and)1 169( hold,)1 253( active call is placed on)5 934( The)1 205(Add a party to a conference call.)6 1298 5 1440 4824 t
10 I f
(string)4324 4824 w
10 R f
( and dialed.)2 465(is parsed)1 352 2 4583 4824 t
( second call is connected, the)5 1179(Once the)1 361 2 1440 4944 t
10 CW f
(k)3008 4944 w
10 R f
(command with no argument adds the new call to the pre\255)10 2304 1 3096 4944 t
( the called party is indisposed, the commands)7 1850( If)1 121(viously active call appearance.)3 1236 3 1440 5064 t
10 CW f
(d)4677 5064 w
10 R f
(and)4767 5064 w
10 CW f
(r)4941 5064 w
10 R f
(will drop)1 369 1 5031 5064 t
(the second call and reconnect the first.)6 1532 1 1440 5184 t
10 CW f
(q)1080 5352 w
10 I f
(string)1173 5352 w
10 R f
( for directory entries matching)4 1226(Query the local switch)3 907 2 1440 5352 t
10 I f
(string)3601 5352 w
10 R f
(\(a surname preceded by up to two ini\255)7 1537 1 3863 5352 t
(tials, like)1 367 1 1440 5472 t
10 CW f
(fraser)1832 5472 w
10 R f
(,)2192 5472 w
10 CW f
(a fraser)1 480 1 2242 5472 t
10 R f
(,)2722 5472 w
10 CW f
(ag fraser)1 540 1 2772 5472 t
10 R f
(, or)1 133 1 3312 5472 t
10 CW f
(a g fraser)2 600 1 3470 5472 t
10 R f
(\).)4070 5472 w
10 CW f
(r)1080 5640 w
10 I f
(id)1173 5640 w
10 R f
( the appearance)2 627( If)1 120( call.)1 198(Reconnect a call on hold and make it the active)9 1915 4 1440 5640 t
10 I f
(id)4329 5640 w
10 R f
(is omitted, it defaults to)4 964 1 4436 5640 t
(that of the lowest numbered call on hold.)7 1637 1 1440 5760 t
10 CW f
(s)1080 5928 w
10 R f
(Show the)1 375 1 1440 5928 t
10 I f
(id)1840 5928 w
10 R f
(,)1926 5928 w
10 I f
(state)1976 5928 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 2173 5928 t
10 I f
(calling information)1 776 1 2392 5928 t
10 R f
(for each call.)2 517 1 3193 5928 t
10 CW f
(t)1080 6096 w
10 I f
(string)1173 6096 w
10 R f
(Run the)1 314 1 1440 6096 t
10 I f
(tel)1779 6096 w
10 R f
(\(1\) command on)2 660 1 1887 6096 t
10 I f
(string)2572 6096 w
10 R f
(.)2814 6096 w
10 CW f
(x)1080 6264 w
10 I f
(string)1173 6264 w
10 R f
( active call is placed in limbo \(similar to hold\), and)10 2120( The)1 213(Transfer the active call.)3 965 3 1440 6264 t
10 I f
(string)4771 6264 w
10 R f
(is parsed)1 361 1 5039 6264 t
( the second call is connected, the)6 1341( Once)1 265(and dialed.)1 443 3 1440 6384 t
10 CW f
(x)3519 6384 w
10 R f
( argument bridges the two)4 1059(command with no)2 732 2 3609 6384 t
( the called party is indisposed, the commands)7 1836( If)1 119(calls together and drops the intermediary \(you\).)6 1917 3 1440 6504 t
10 CW f
(d)5340 6504 w
10 R f
(and)1440 6624 w
10 CW f
(r)1609 6624 w
10 R f
(will drop the second call and reconnect the first.)8 1921 1 1694 6624 t
10 CW f
(.)1080 6792 w
10 I f
(string)1173 6792 w
10 R f
( touchtone)1 424(Transmits the converted)2 973 2 1440 6792 t
10 I f
(string)2867 6792 w
10 R f
(to the called party; a)4 835 1 3131 6792 t
10 I f
(string)3996 6792 w
10 R f
(that begins with a)3 723 1 4260 6792 t
10 CW f
(*)5013 6792 w
10 R f
(,)5073 6792 w
10 CW f
(#)5128 6792 w
10 R f
(, or a)2 212 1 5188 6792 t
(digit doesn't need the preceding)4 1281 1 1440 6912 t
10 CW f
(.)2746 6912 w
10 R f
( command)1 419(. \(See)1 252 2 2806 6912 t
10 CW f
(c)3502 6912 w
10 R f
(above if no call is active.\))5 1031 1 3587 6912 t
10 CW f
(?)1080 7080 w
10 R f
(Print a summary of commands.)4 1252 1 1440 7080 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 67)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( FONE)1 4139(FONE \( 1 \))3 401 3 720 480 t
(The)1080 960 w
10 CW f
(c)1265 960 w
10 R f
( if the handset is down, the call is placed)9 1674(command may be given before or after lifting the handset;)9 2371 2 1355 960 t
(with the speaker on and mike muted, so you can hear what's happening.)12 2878 1 1080 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(call.log)1080 1368 w
10 R f
(log of calls)2 444 1 1740 1368 t
10 CW f
(/dev/eia0)1080 1488 w
10 R f
(RS232 line to phone)3 820 1 1740 1488 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 1656 t
10 R f
(The speakerphone is not really supported.)5 1669 1 1080 1776 t
(There's still no way to set the clock.)7 1448 1 1080 1896 t
( 68)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( FORTUNE)1 3939(FORTUNE \( 1 \))3 601 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(fortune)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1393 1080 w
10 R f
(sample lines from a file)4 943 1 1483 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fortune)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1525 1368 w
10 I f
(file)1583 1368 w
10 R f
(])1736 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Fortune)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( a)1 79( If)1 126(prints a one\255line aphorism chosen at random.)6 1854 3 1436 1656 t
10 I f
(file)3530 1656 w
10 R f
(is specified, the saying is taken from that)7 1707 1 3693 1656 t
(file; otherwise it is selected from)5 1312 1 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(/sys/games/lib/fortunes)2417 1776 w
10 R f
(.)3797 1776 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 1944 t
10 CW f
(/sys/games/lib/fortunes)1080 2064 w
(/sys/games/lib/fortunes.index)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(fast lookup table, maintained automatically)4 1729 1 2895 2184 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 69)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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96 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( FREQ)1 4144(FREQ \( 1 \))3 396 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(freq)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1265 1080 w
10 R f
(print histogram of character frequencies)4 1595 1 1355 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(freq)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255dxocr)1403 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1788 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1904 1368 t
10 R f
(])2157 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Freq)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( By)1 176( files \(default standard input\) and prints histograms of the character frequencies.)11 3297(reads the given)2 620 3 1307 1656 t
(default,)1080 1776 w
10 I f
(freq)1414 1776 w
10 R f
(counts each byte as a character; under the)7 1700 1 1606 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255r)3337 1776 w
10 R f
(option it instead counts)3 949 1 3488 1776 t
9 R f
(UTF)4466 1776 w
10 R f
(sequences, that is,)2 733 1 4667 1776 t
(runes.)1080 1896 w
( byte value, in decimal, octal, hex, and Unicode)8 1942(Each non\255zero entry of the table is printed preceded by the)10 2378 2 1080 2064 t
( options are given, the)4 921( any)1 179( If)1 126(character \(if printable\).)2 941 4 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(\255d)3281 2184 w
10 R f
(,)3401 2184 w
10 CW f
(\255x)3460 2184 w
10 R f
(,)3580 2184 w
10 CW f
(\255o)3639 2184 w
10 R f
(,)3759 2184 w
10 CW f
(\255c)3818 2184 w
10 R f
(flags specify a subset of value for\255)6 1428 1 3972 2184 t
(mats: decimal, hex, octal, and character, respectively.)6 2136 1 1080 2304 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2472 t
10 I f
(utf)1080 2592 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1194 2592 w
( 70)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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97 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( GAMES)1 4050(GAMES \( 1 \))3 490 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( gnuchess, juggle, mandel, plumb, quiz, smiley, life, fsim, clock, catclock, fireworks, swar, zork)13 3875(4s, 5s, ana,)2 445 2 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 1200 w
10 R f
(time wasters)1 502 1 1170 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(games/4s)1080 1488 w
(games/5s)1080 1608 w
(games/ana)1080 1728 w
10 R f
([)1645 1728 w
10 I f
(fixwords)1703 1728 w
10 R f
(])2073 1728 w
10 CW f
(games/fireworks)1080 1848 w
(games/gnuchess)1080 1968 w
(games/juggle)1080 2088 w
10 R f
([)1825 2088 w
10 CW f
(\255h)1883 2088 w
10 I f
(nhand)2028 2088 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2303 2088 t
10 I f
(start)2419 2088 w
10 R f
(])2628 2088 w
10 I f
(pattern)2686 2088 w
10 CW f
(games/mandel)1080 2208 w
(games/plumb)1080 2328 w
10 R f
([)1765 2328 w
10 I f
(level)1823 2328 w
10 R f
(])2036 2328 w
10 CW f
(games/quiz)1080 2448 w
10 R f
([)1705 2448 w
10 I f
(category1 category2)1 823 1 1763 2448 t
10 R f
(])2611 2448 w
10 CW f
(games/smiley)1080 2568 w
(games/life)1080 2688 w
10 I f
(startfile)1705 2688 w
10 CW f
(games/fsim)1080 2808 w
(games/clock)1080 2928 w
(games/catclock)1080 3048 w
10 R f
([)1945 3048 w
10 CW f
(\255c)2003 3048 w
10 R f
(])2148 3048 w
10 CW f
(games/swar)1080 3168 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 3336 t
10 R f
(There are a few games in)5 1004 1 1080 3456 t
10 CW f
(/bin/games)2109 3456 w
10 R f
(:)2709 3456 w
10 CW f
(4s)1080 3624 w
10 R f
(,)1200 3624 w
10 CW f
(5s)1285 3624 w
10 R f
( tiles left or right by mov\255)6 1051( Move)1 286( or 5\255square tiles.)3 702(Try to fill complete rows using 4\255square)6 1621 4 1740 3624 t
( tiles for more points with button 2)7 1413( Drop)1 258( 1 and 3.)3 353( tiles with buttons)3 727( Rotate)1 315(ing the mouse.)2 594 6 1740 3744 t
(or the space bar.)3 653 1 1740 3864 t
10 CW f
(ana)1080 4032 w
10 R f
( dictio\255)1 298( can contain several)3 822( Anagrams)1 471(Find anagrams for words typed on standard input.)7 2069 4 1740 4032 t
( The)1 209(nary words.)1 475 2 1740 4152 t
10 I f
(fixwords)2453 4152 w
10 R f
( typed on standard input fix the number of)8 1711(argument or numbers)2 862 2 2827 4152 t
(words in the output anagrams.)4 1207 1 1740 4272 t
10 CW f
(gnuchess)1080 4440 w
10 R f
(Play chess. Type)2 674 1 1740 4440 t
10 CW f
(help)2439 4440 w
10 R f
(to list commands.)2 709 1 2704 4440 t
10 CW f
(juggle)1080 4608 w
10 R f
( The)1 218(Simulate a juggler.)2 784 2 1740 4608 t
10 I f
(pattern)2780 4608 w
10 R f
( At)1 164(lists the heights of a repeating sequence of throws.)8 2128 2 3108 4608 t
( that time, it must hold exactly one ball, unless it)10 2045( At)1 161(time t, hand \(t mod nhand\) throws.)6 1454 3 1740 4728 t
( height h at time t lands)6 963( throw of)2 372( A)1 125(executes a 0 throw, in which case it must hold no ball.)11 2200 4 1740 4848 t
( Some)1 284(at time t+h in hand \(\(t+h\) mod nhand\).)7 1593 2 1740 4968 t
10 I f
(pattern)3648 4968 w
10 R f
(s require a)2 427 1 3945 4968 t
10 I f
(start)4403 4968 w
10 R f
(sequence of throws)2 782 1 4618 4968 t
(to get the balls into position.)5 1140 1 1740 5088 t
10 CW f
(mandel)1080 5256 w
10 R f
( on the mouse buttons control various)6 1667( Menus)1 348(Compute and display Mandelbrot sets.)4 1645 3 1740 5256 t
(things.)1740 5376 w
10 CW f
(plumb)1080 5544 w
10 R f
(Build a plumbing system. Keep ahead of the advancing oil and don't waste pipe. The)14 3443 1 1740 5544 t
10 I f
(level)5212 5544 w
10 R f
(argument lets you start at a harder level.)7 1602 1 1740 5664 t
10 CW f
(quiz)1080 5832 w
10 R f
(gives associative knowledge tests on various subjects.)6 2156 1 1740 5832 t
10 CW f
(smiley)1080 6000 w
10 R f
( shoot, comma to move left, and period to)8 1711( space to)2 357( Type)1 259(A game of historical importance.)4 1333 4 1740 6000 t
(go right.)1 339 1 1740 6120 t
10 CW f
(life)1080 6288 w
10 R f
( is a library of interesting initial posi\255)7 1505( There)1 284(Play the game of life, given an initial position.)8 1871 3 1740 6288 t
(tions; the library is consulted if)5 1247 1 1740 6408 t
10 I f
(startfile)3012 6408 w
10 R f
(cannot be found.)2 668 1 3349 6408 t
10 CW f
(fsim)1080 6576 w
10 R f
(Pretend you're flying a Cessna.)4 1256 1 1740 6576 t
10 CW f
(clock)1080 6744 w
(catclock)1080 6912 w
10 R f
( Option)1 328(Display analog clocks.)2 907 2 1740 6912 t
10 CW f
(\255c)3000 6912 w
10 R f
(makes)3145 6912 w
10 I f
(catclock)3425 6912 w
10 R f
(crosseyed.)3782 6912 w
10 CW f
(fireworks)1080 7080 w
10 R f
(Hoist the fiery blue peter.)4 1023 1 1740 7080 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 71)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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98 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( GAMES)1 4050(GAMES \( 1 \))3 490 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(swar)1080 960 w
10 R f
( player types)2 512( One)1 217(Space war for two players called MCI and SPRINT.)8 2090 3 1740 960 t
10 CW f
(a)4585 960 w
10 R f
(or)4671 960 w
10 CW f
(d)4780 960 w
10 R f
( or)1 110(to turn left)2 424 2 4866 960 t
(right,)1740 1080 w
10 CW f
(s)1994 1080 w
10 R f
(to shoot,)1 360 1 2094 1080 t
10 CW f
(x)2494 1080 w
10 R f
(to disappear briefly \(``enter hyperspace''\) and)5 1910 1 2594 1080 t
10 CW f
(w)4543 1080 w
10 R f
( The)1 219(to accelerate.)1 539 2 4642 1080 t
(other player uses)2 680 1 1740 1200 t
10 CW f
(k)2447 1200 w
10 R f
(,)2507 1200 w
10 CW f
(;)2559 1200 w
10 R f
(,)2619 1200 w
10 CW f
(l)2671 1200 w
10 R f
(,)2731 1200 w
10 CW f
(.)2783 1200 w
10 R f
(\(the period\) and)2 641 1 2895 1200 t
10 CW f
(o)3564 1200 w
10 R f
( scores whenever either ship shoots)5 1426(. AT&T)1 350 2 3624 1200 t
( is occasionally fatal.)3 843( Hyperspace)1 520(itself or otherwise causes mayhem.)4 1400 3 1740 1320 t
10 CW f
(zork)1080 1488 w
10 R f
(The venerable adventure game.)3 1251 1 1740 1488 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 1656 t
10 CW f
(/sys/games/lib/4scores)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(scores of)1 357 1 2820 1776 t
10 I f
(4s)3202 1776 w
10 R f
(games)3316 1776 w
10 CW f
(/sys/games/lib/5scores)1080 1896 w
10 R f
(scores of)1 357 1 2820 1896 t
10 I f
(5s)3202 1896 w
10 R f
(games)3316 1896 w
10 CW f
(/sys/games/lib/plumb/scores)1080 2016 w
10 R f
(scores of)1 357 1 2820 2016 t
10 I f
(plumb)3202 2016 w
10 R f
(games)3477 2016 w
10 CW f
(/sys/games/lib/anawords)1080 2136 w
10 R f
(used by)1 308 1 2820 2136 t
10 I f
(ana)3153 2136 w
10 CW f
(/sys/games/lib/plumb/*)1080 2256 w
10 R f
(miscellaneous files used by)3 1096 1 2820 2256 t
10 I f
(plumb)3941 2256 w
10 CW f
(/sys/games/lib/quiz/*)1080 2376 w
10 R f
(miscellaneous files used by)3 1096 1 2820 2376 t
10 I f
(quiz)3941 2376 w
10 CW f
(/sys/games/lib/life/*)1080 2496 w
10 R f
(interesting starting positions)2 1134 1 2820 2496 t
( 72)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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99 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( GCAN)1 4117(GCAN \( 1 \))3 423 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(gcan, homespool, gspool)2 994 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2099 1080 w
10 R f
(interface to gnot laser\255printers)3 1205 1 2189 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(gcan)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1403 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1784 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1900 1368 t
10 R f
(])2153 1368 w
10 CW f
(homespool)1080 1608 w
(gspool)1080 1848 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2016 t
10 R f
(This command prints)2 858 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(files)1967 2136 w
10 R f
(\(standard input by default\) on a gnot laser printer.)8 2028 1 2164 2136 t
10 I f
(Troff)4247 2136 w
10 R f
(\(1\) output and ordinary)3 944 1 4456 2136 t
( in any case the first option can be used to specify)11 1988(text are generally recognized and processed appropriately;)6 2332 2 1080 2256 t
(the type of input:)3 686 1 1080 2376 t
10 CW f
(\255sb)1080 2544 w
10 R f
( \(See)1 227(Bitmap files.)1 517 2 1508 2544 t
10 I f
(bitmap)2277 2544 w
10 R f
(\(6\)\).)2563 2544 w
10 CW f
(\255sc)1080 2664 w
10 R f
(ordinary text.)1 538 1 1508 2664 t
10 CW f
(\255sd)1080 2784 w
10 I f
(troff)1508 2784 w
10 R f
(output.)1706 2784 w
10 CW f
(\255sm)1080 2904 w
9 R f
(MIDI)1508 2904 w
10 R f
(output.)1738 2904 w
10 CW f
(\255sr TYPE=rle)1 908 1 1080 3024 t
10 R f
(run\255length\255encoded bitmaps.)1 1148 1 2013 3024 t
(The destination printer is determined in one of the following ways, in decreasing order of precedence:)15 4069 1 1080 3192 t
(option)1440 3360 w
10 CW f
(\255d)1721 3360 w
10 I f
(dest)1866 3360 w
10 R f
(environment variable)1 851 1 1440 3480 t
10 CW f
(candest)2316 3480 w
10 R f
(printer named in file)3 818 1 1440 3600 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/candest)2283 3600 w
10 R f
(These options are common to all classes of input:)8 1976 1 1080 3768 t
10 CW f
(\255\255)1080 3936 w
10 R f
(No more options.)2 697 1 1508 3936 t
10 CW f
(\255dg)1080 4056 w
10 R f
(Destination is printer outside of graphics lab.)6 1801 1 1508 4056 t
10 CW f
(\255du)1080 4176 w
10 R f
(Destination is printer in dirty room.)5 1422 1 1508 4176 t
10 CW f
(\255dt)1080 4296 w
10 R f
(Destination is printer in 2C465 \(tom's office\).)6 1840 1 1508 4296 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 4416 w
10 R f
(Output goes to)2 589 1 1508 4416 t
10 CW f
(/usr/$user/pspool)2122 4416 w
10 R f
(for proofreading.)1 681 1 3167 4416 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 4536 w
10 I f
(file)1208 4536 w
10 R f
(Output goes to)2 589 1 1508 4536 t
10 I f
(file)2122 4536 w
10 R f
(for debugging.)1 588 1 2275 4536 t
10 CW f
(\255G)1080 4656 w
10 R f
(Output goes to)2 589 1 1508 4656 t
10 CW f
(/usr/$user/spool)2122 4656 w
10 R f
(for local printing.)2 702 1 3107 4656 t
10 CW f
(\255H)1080 4776 w
10 R f
(Suppress header page.)2 889 1 1508 4776 t
10 CW f
(\255I)1080 4896 w
10 R f
(Do not attempt page reversal \(no page number index is generated\).)10 2663 1 1508 4896 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1080 5016 w
10 I f
(n)1208 5016 w
10 R f
(Set number of lines per page \(forces)6 1446 1 1508 5016 t
10 CW f
(c)2979 5016 w
10 R f
(service even if data look like)5 1150 1 3064 5016 t
10 I f
(troff)4239 5016 w
10 R f
(\).)4420 5016 w
10 CW f
(\255%)1080 5136 w
10 I f
(n)1208 5136 w
10 R f
(Print odd\255numbered pages if)3 1140 1 1508 5136 t
10 I f
(n)2673 5136 w
10 R f
(=1, even\255numbered pages if)3 1114 1 2731 5136 t
10 I f
(n)3870 5136 w
10 R f
(=2.)3928 5136 w
10 CW f
(\255D)1080 5256 w
10 R f
(Turn on debugging.)2 791 1 1508 5256 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 5376 w
10 I f
(...)1208 5376 w
10 R f
(Print only those pages whose numbers appear in the list \(e.g.,)10 2450 1 1508 5376 t
10 CW f
(\255o 1,3,5\2558)1 600 1 3983 5376 t
10 R f
(\).)4583 5376 w
10 CW f
(\255O)1080 5496 w
10 I f
(...)1208 5496 w
10 R f
(Like)1508 5496 w
10 CW f
(\255o)1728 5496 w
10 R f
( counted sequentially, i.e.,)3 1085(, except pages are)3 744 2 1848 5496 t
10 I f
(troff)3715 5496 w
10 R f
(\255assigned page numbers are ignored.)4 1512 1 3888 5496 t
(\(Both options have the same effect on non\255)7 1722 1 1508 5616 t
10 I f
(troff)3230 5616 w
10 R f
(files.\))3428 5616 w
(These options are only valid with the types of input indicated:)10 2476 1 1080 5784 t
10 CW f
(\255m)1080 5952 w
10 I f
(n)1208 5952 w
10 R f
(Set magnification to)2 811 1 1508 5952 t
10 I f
(n)2344 5952 w
10 R f
(\(type)2419 5952 w
10 CW f
(b)2649 5952 w
10 R f
(\).)2709 5952 w
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 6072 w
10 I f
(n)1208 6072 w
10 R f
(Set point size to)3 642 1 1508 6072 t
10 I f
(n)2175 6072 w
10 R f
(\(type)2250 6072 w
10 CW f
(c)2480 6072 w
10 R f
(\).)2540 6072 w
10 CW f
(\255x)1080 6192 w
10 I f
(n)1208 6192 w
10 R f
(Move the image)2 649 1 1508 6192 t
10 I f
(n)2182 6192 w
10 R f
(pixels left \(types)2 666 1 2257 6192 t
10 CW f
(c)2948 6192 w
10 R f
(,)3008 6192 w
10 CW f
(d)3058 6192 w
10 R f
(,)3118 6192 w
10 CW f
(r)3168 6192 w
10 R f
(\).)3228 6192 w
10 CW f
(\255y)1080 6312 w
10 I f
(n)1208 6312 w
10 R f
(Move the image)2 649 1 1508 6312 t
10 I f
(n)2182 6312 w
10 R f
(pixels down \(types)2 755 1 2257 6312 t
10 CW f
(c)3037 6312 w
10 R f
(,)3097 6312 w
10 CW f
(d)3147 6312 w
10 R f
(,)3207 6312 w
10 CW f
(r)3257 6312 w
10 R f
(\).)3317 6312 w
10 CW f
(homespool)1080 6552 w
10 R f
(initializes the files needed for a private spooler;)7 1955 1 1653 6552 t
10 CW f
(gspool)3641 6552 w
10 R f
( the)1 155( See)1 202(starts such a spooler.)3 856 3 4034 6552 t
10 CW f
(\255G)5280 6552 w
10 R f
(option.)1080 6672 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 6840 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/candest)1080 6960 w
10 R f
(name of default printer.)3 942 1 2220 6960 t
10 CW f
(/usr/$user/pspool)1080 7080 w
10 R f
(proofreading spool area.)2 972 1 2220 7080 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 73)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( GCAN)1 4117(GCAN \( 1 \))3 423 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(/usr/$user/spool)1080 960 w
10 R f
(spool area.)1 432 1 2220 960 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1128 t
10 I f
(troff)1080 1248 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)1261 1248 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 1416 t
10 R f
(More input classes should be divined from the data.)8 2067 1 1080 1536 t
( 74)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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101 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( GRAP)1 4133(GRAP \( 1 \))3 407 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(grap)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1282 1080 w
10 R f
(pic preprocessor for drawing graphs)4 1440 1 1372 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(grap)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1403 1368 t
10 R f
(])1656 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Grap)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(is a)1 138 1 1318 1656 t
10 I f
(pic)1483 1656 w
10 R f
( are surrounded by the)4 900( Graphs)1 340(\(1\) preprocessor for drawing graphs on a typesetter.)7 2080 3 1613 1656 t
10 I f
(troff)4961 1656 w
10 R f
(`com\255)5162 1656 w
(mands')1080 1776 w
10 CW f
(.G1)1411 1776 w
10 R f
(and)1628 1776 w
10 CW f
(.G2)1808 1776 w
10 R f
( Commands)1 517( are scaled and plotted, with tick marks supplied automatically.)9 2621(. Data)1 274 3 1988 1776 t
( change the plotting style, define coordinate)6 1768(exist to modify the frame, add labels, override the default ticks,)10 2552 2 1080 1896 t
( addition,)1 383( In)1 138( transformations, and include data from files.)6 1827(ranges and)1 435 4 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(grap)3893 2016 w
10 R f
(provides the same loops, condi\255)4 1288 1 4112 2016 t
(tionals, and macro processing that)4 1362 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(pic)2467 2136 w
10 R f
(does.)2614 2136 w
10 CW f
(frame ht)1 447 1 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(e)1554 2304 w
10 CW f
(wid)1625 2304 w
10 I f
(e)1832 2304 w
10 CW f
(top dotted)1 567 1 1903 2304 t
10 I f
(...)2497 2304 w
10 R f
(: Set the frame around the graph to specified)8 1790 1 2580 2304 t
10 CW f
(ht)4397 2304 w
10 R f
(and)4544 2304 w
10 CW f
(wid)4715 2304 w
10 R f
( is 2)2 173(; default)1 332 2 4895 2304 t
( line)1 192( The)1 222(by 3 \(inches\).)2 580 3 1080 2424 t
10 I f
(styles)2116 2424 w
10 R f
(\()2379 2424 w
10 CW f
(dotted)2412 2424 w
10 R f
(,)2772 2424 w
10 CW f
(dashed)2838 2424 w
10 R f
(,)3198 2424 w
10 CW f
(invis)3264 2424 w
10 R f
(,)3564 2424 w
10 CW f
(solid)3630 2424 w
10 R f
(\(default\)\) of the)2 663 1 3971 2424 t
10 I f
(sides)4675 2424 w
10 R f
(\()4916 2424 w
10 CW f
(top)4949 2424 w
10 R f
(,)5129 2424 w
10 CW f
(bot)5195 2424 w
10 R f
(,)5375 2424 w
10 CW f
(left)1080 2544 w
10 R f
(,)1320 2544 w
10 CW f
(right)1370 2544 w
10 R f
(\) of the frame can be set independently.)7 1579 1 1670 2544 t
10 CW f
(label)1080 2712 w
10 I f
(side)1405 2712 w
10 CW f
( a set of strings")4 1080( "as)1 205("a label")1 540 3 1591 2712 t
10 I f
(adjust)3441 2712 w
10 R f
( label on specified side; default side)6 1437(: Place)1 269 2 3694 2712 t
(is bottom.)1 405 1 1080 2832 t
10 I f
(adjust)1539 2832 w
10 R f
(is)1813 2832 w
10 CW f
(up)1909 2832 w
10 R f
(\(or)2058 2832 w
10 CW f
(down left right)2 838 1 2203 2832 t
10 R f
(\))3041 2832 w
10 I f
(expr)3103 2832 w
10 R f
(to shift default position;)3 971 1 3309 2832 t
10 CW f
(width)4309 2832 w
10 I f
(expr)4638 2832 w
10 R f
(sets the width)2 556 1 4844 2832 t
(explicitly.)1080 2952 w
10 CW f
(ticks)1080 3120 w
10 I f
(side)1409 3120 w
10 CW f
(in at)1 269 1 1599 3120 t
10 I f
(optname expr, expr, ...)3 910 1 1897 3120 t
10 R f
(: Put ticks on)3 538 1 2815 3120 t
10 I f
(side)3382 3120 w
10 R f
(at)3572 3120 w
10 I f
(expr, ...,)1 331 1 3673 3120 t
10 R f
(and label with)2 574 1 4033 3120 t
10 I f
("expr".)4637 3120 w
10 R f
(If any)1 240 1 4953 3120 t
10 I f
(expr)5223 3120 w
10 R f
( "..." contains)2 542( If)1 117(is followed by "...", label tick with "...", and turn off all automatic labels.)13 2919 3 1080 3240 t
10 CW f
(%f)4684 3240 w
10 R f
( be)1 119('s, they will)2 477 2 4804 3240 t
(interpreted as)1 554 1 1080 3360 t
10 CW f
(printf)1673 3360 w
10 R f
( point)1 246( Ticks)1 287( the tick value.)3 633(formatting instructions for)2 1083 4 2072 3360 t
10 CW f
(in)4361 3360 w
10 R f
(or)4521 3360 w
10 CW f
(out)4644 3360 w
10 R f
(\(default out\).)1 536 1 4864 3360 t
(Tick iterator: instead of)3 958 1 1080 3480 t
10 CW f
(at)2069 3480 w
10 I f
(...,)2220 3480 w
10 R f
(use)2351 3480 w
10 CW f
(from)2515 3480 w
10 I f
(expr)2786 3480 w
10 CW f
(to)2994 3480 w
10 I f
(expr)3145 3480 w
10 CW f
(by)3353 3480 w
10 I f
(op expr)1 308 1 3504 3480 t
10 R f
(where)3843 3480 w
10 I f
(op)4116 3480 w
10 R f
(is optionally)1 503 1 4246 3480 t
10 CW f
(+\255*/)4779 3480 w
10 R f
(for addi\255)1 351 1 5049 3480 t
(tive or multiplicative steps.)3 1107 1 1080 3600 t
10 CW f
(by)2243 3600 w
10 R f
( no ticks are requested, they are)6 1302( If)1 123( omitted, to give steps of size 1.)7 1318(can be)1 263 4 2394 3600 t
(supplied automatically; suppress this with)4 1682 1 1080 3720 t
10 CW f
(ticks off)1 506 1 2788 3720 t
10 R f
( of 7% on)3 391( ticks normally leave a margin)5 1217(. Automatic)1 498 3 3294 3720 t
(each side; set this to anything by)6 1305 1 1080 3840 t
10 CW f
(margin =)1 445 1 2410 3840 t
10 I f
(expr.)2880 3840 w
10 CW f
(grid)1080 4008 w
10 I f
(side linedesc)1 519 1 1351 4008 t
10 CW f
(at)1901 4008 w
10 I f
(optname expr, expr, ...)3 916 1 2052 4008 t
10 R f
(: Draw grids perpendicular to)4 1203 1 2976 4008 t
10 I f
(side)4211 4008 w
10 R f
(in style)1 299 1 4404 4008 t
10 I f
(linedesc)4735 4008 w
10 R f
(at)5094 4008 w
10 I f
(expr,)5198 4008 w
(....)1080 4128 w
10 R f
(Iterators and labels work as with ticks.)6 1539 1 1205 4128 t
10 CW f
(coord)1080 4296 w
10 I f
(optname)1407 4296 w
10 CW f
(x)1778 4296 w
10 I f
(min, max)1 368 1 1865 4296 t
10 CW f
(y)2260 4296 w
10 I f
(min, max)1 368 1 2347 4296 t
10 CW f
( y)1 123( log)1 271(log x)1 303 3 2742 4296 t
10 R f
(: Set range of coords and optional log scaling on)9 1961 1 3439 4296 t
( value of)2 365( Default)1 357( data range.)2 478( overrides computation of)3 1056( This)1 237(either or both.)2 581 6 1080 4416 t
10 I f
(optname)4187 4416 w
10 R f
(is current coordinate)2 836 1 4564 4416 t
(system \(each)1 518 1 1080 4536 t
10 CW f
(coord)1623 4536 w
10 R f
(defines a new coordinate system\).)4 1355 1 1948 4536 t
10 CW f
(plot)1080 4704 w
10 I f
("str")1348 4704 w
10 CW f
(at)1566 4704 w
10 I f
(point)1714 4704 w
10 R f
(;)1928 4704 w
10 I f
("str")1984 4704 w
10 CW f
(at)2202 4704 w
10 I f
(point)2350 4704 w
10 R f
(: Put)1 190 1 2564 4704 t
10 I f
(str)2782 4704 w
10 R f
(at)2916 4704 w
10 I f
(point.)3016 4704 w
10 R f
(Text position can be qualified with)5 1416 1 3276 4704 t
10 CW f
(rjust)4721 4704 w
10 R f
(,)5021 4704 w
10 CW f
(ljust)5075 4704 w
10 R f
(,)5375 4704 w
10 CW f
(above)1080 4824 w
10 R f
(,)1380 4824 w
10 CW f
(below)1430 4824 w
10 R f
(after "...".)1 389 1 1755 4824 t
10 CW f
(line from)1 505 1 1080 4992 t
10 I f
(point)1610 4992 w
10 CW f
(to)1841 4992 w
10 I f
(point linedesc)1 558 1 1986 4992 t
10 R f
(: Draw line from here to there.)6 1216 1 2552 4992 t
10 CW f
(arrow)3818 4992 w
10 R f
(works in place of)3 690 1 4143 4992 t
10 CW f
(line)4858 4992 w
10 R f
(.)5098 4992 w
10 CW f
(next)1080 5160 w
10 I f
(optname)1345 5160 w
10 CW f
(at)1714 5160 w
10 I f
(point linedesc)1 558 1 1859 5160 t
10 R f
(: Continue plot of data in)5 1003 1 2425 5160 t
10 I f
(optname to point)2 678 1 3453 5160 t
10 R f
(; default is current.)3 754 1 4139 5160 t
10 CW f
(draw)1080 5328 w
10 I f
(optname linedesc ...)2 804 1 1349 5328 t
10 R f
( for)1 146(: Set mode)2 436 2 2161 5328 t
10 CW f
(next)2773 5328 w
10 R f
(: use this style from now on, and plot "..." at each point \(if)13 2387 1 3013 5328 t
(given\).)1080 5448 w
10 CW f
(new)1080 5616 w
10 I f
(optname linedesc ...)2 796 1 1285 5616 t
10 R f
(: Set mode for)3 569 1 2089 5616 t
10 CW f
(next)2683 5616 w
10 R f
(, but disconnect from previous.)4 1243 1 2923 5616 t
(A list of numbers)3 718 1 1080 5784 t
10 I f
(x y1 y2 y3 ...)4 529 1 1830 5784 t
10 R f
(is treated as)2 485 1 2391 5784 t
10 CW f
(plot bullet at)2 784 1 2908 5784 t
10 I f
(x,y1)3724 5784 w
10 R f
(;)3895 5784 w
10 CW f
(plot bullet at)2 784 1 3955 5784 t
10 I f
(x,y2)4771 5784 w
10 R f
( or as)2 232(; etc.,)1 226 2 4942 5784 t
10 CW f
(next at)1 388 1 1080 5904 t
10 I f
(x,y1)1496 5904 w
10 R f
(etc., if)1 255 1 1687 5904 t
10 CW f
(draw)1970 5904 w
10 R f
( one input num\255)3 642( of 1,2,3,... are provided if there is only)8 1588( Abscissae)1 452(is specified.)1 480 4 2238 5904 t
(ber per line.)2 479 1 1080 6024 t
(A point)1 316 1 1080 6192 t
10 I f
(optname expr, expr)2 799 1 1434 6192 t
10 R f
( A)1 136( coordinate system.)2 802(maps the point to the named)5 1195 3 2271 6192 t
10 I f
(linedesc)4443 6192 w
10 R f
(is one of)2 372 1 4809 6192 t
10 CW f
(dot)5220 6192 w
(dash invis solid)2 890 1 1080 6312 t
10 R f
(optionally followed by an expression.)4 1507 1 1995 6312 t
10 CW f
(define)1080 6480 w
10 I f
(name)1468 6480 w
10 CW f
({)1712 6480 w
10 I f
(whatever)1780 6480 w
10 CW f
(})2154 6480 w
10 R f
( sym\255)1 229( are macros already defined for standard plotting)7 1963( There)1 285(: Define a macro.)3 701 4 2222 6480 t
(bols like)1 348 1 1080 6600 t
10 CW f
(bullet)1459 6600 w
10 R f
(,)1819 6600 w
10 CW f
(circle)1875 6600 w
10 R f
(,)2235 6600 w
10 CW f
(star)2291 6600 w
10 R f
(,)2531 6600 w
10 CW f
(plus)2587 6600 w
10 R f
(, etc., in)2 331 1 2827 6600 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/grap.defines)3189 6600 w
10 R f
( it)1 86(, which is included if)4 865 2 4449 6600 t
(exists.)1080 6720 w
10 I f
(var)1080 6888 w
10 CW f
(=)1246 6888 w
10 I f
(expr)1339 6888 w
10 R f
( are)1 154( Operators)1 451(: Evaluate an expression.)3 1022 3 1524 6888 t
10 CW f
(+ \255 *)2 248 1 3184 6888 t
10 R f
(and)3466 6888 w
10 CW f
(/)3644 6888 w
10 R f
( are)1 155(. Functions)1 479 2 3704 6888 t
10 CW f
(log)4372 6888 w
10 R f
(and)4586 6888 w
10 CW f
(exp)4764 6888 w
10 R f
(\(both base)1 422 1 4978 6888 t
(10\),)1080 7008 w
10 CW f
(sin)1263 7008 w
10 R f
(,)1443 7008 w
10 CW f
(cos)1493 7008 w
10 R f
(,)1673 7008 w
10 CW f
(sqrt)1723 7008 w
10 R f
(;)1963 7008 w
10 CW f
(rand)2016 7008 w
10 R f
(returns random number on [0,1\);)4 1306 1 2281 7008 t
10 CW f
(max\()3612 7008 w
10 I f
(e)3860 7008 w
10 CW f
(,)3912 7008 w
10 I f
(e)3980 7008 w
10 CW f
(\))4032 7008 w
10 I f
(,)4100 7008 w
10 CW f
(min\()4150 7008 w
10 I f
(e)4398 7008 w
10 CW f
(,)4450 7008 w
10 I f
(e)4518 7008 w
10 CW f
(\))4570 7008 w
10 I f
(,)4638 7008 w
10 CW f
(int\()4688 7008 w
10 I f
(e)4936 7008 w
10 CW f
(\))4988 7008 w
10 I f
(.)5056 7008 w
10 CW f
(print)1080 7176 w
10 I f
(expr)1405 7176 w
10 R f
(;)1590 7176 w
10 CW f
(print ")1 420 1 1643 7176 t
10 I f
(...)2063 7176 w
10 CW f
(")2138 7176 w
10 R f
(: As a debugging aid, print)5 1066 1 2198 7176 t
10 I f
(expr)3289 7176 w
10 R f
(or)3474 7176 w
10 I f
(string)3582 7176 w
10 R f
(on the standard error.)3 853 1 3841 7176 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 75)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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102 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( GRAP)1 4133(GRAP \( 1 \))3 407 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(copy ")1 360 1 1080 960 t
10 I f
(file name)1 369 1 1440 960 t
10 CW f
(")1809 960 w
10 R f
(: Include this file right here.)5 1115 1 1869 960 t
10 CW f
(copy thru)1 511 1 1080 1128 t
10 I f
(macro)1622 1128 w
10 R f
(: Pass rest of input \(until)5 1011 1 1885 1128 t
10 CW f
(.G2)2927 1128 w
10 R f
(\) through)1 375 1 3107 1128 t
10 I f
(macro)3514 1128 w
10 R f
(, treating each field \(non\255blank, or "..."\))6 1623 1 3777 1128 t
(as an argument.)2 647 1 1080 1248 t
10 I f
(macro)1786 1248 w
10 R f
( body of one in place, like)6 1088(can be the name of a macro previously defined, or the)10 2237 2 2075 1248 t
10 CW f
(/plot $1 at $2,$3/)3 1080 1 1080 1368 t
10 R f
(.)2160 1368 w
10 CW f
(copy thru)1 505 1 1080 1536 t
10 I f
(macro)1610 1536 w
10 CW f
(until ")1 420 1 1890 1536 t
10 I f
(string)2310 1536 w
10 CW f
(")2544 1536 w
10 R f
(: Stop copy when input is)5 1020 1 2604 1536 t
10 I f
(string)3649 1536 w
10 R f
(\(left\255justified\).)3908 1536 w
10 CW f
(pic)1080 1704 w
10 I f
(remainder of line)2 694 1 1285 1704 t
10 R f
(: Copy to output with leading blanks removed.)7 1861 1 1987 1704 t
10 CW f
(graph)1080 1872 w
10 I f
(Name pic\255position)1 744 1 1413 1872 t
10 R f
( at specified position, e.g.,)4 1085(: Start a new frame, place it)6 1148 2 2165 1872 t
10 CW f
(graph Thing2 with)2 968 1 4432 1872 t
(.sw at Thing1.se + \(0.1,0\))4 1560 1 1080 1992 t
10 R f
(.)2640 1992 w
10 I f
(Name)2715 1992 w
10 R f
(must be capitalized to keep)4 1087 1 2973 1992 t
10 I f
(pic)4085 1992 w
10 R f
(happy.)4232 1992 w
10 CW f
(.)1080 2160 w
10 I f
(anything at beginning of line)4 1156 1 1148 2160 t
10 R f
(: Copied verbatim.)2 747 1 2312 2160 t
10 CW f
(sh %)1 208 1 1080 2328 t
10 I f
(anything)1296 2328 w
10 CW f
(%)1674 2328 w
10 R f
(: Pass everything between the)4 1199 1 1734 2328 t
10 CW f
(%)2961 2328 w
10 R f
('s to the shell; as with macros,)6 1231 1 3021 2328 t
10 CW f
(%)4280 2328 w
10 R f
( character and)2 566(may be any)2 466 2 4368 2328 t
10 I f
(anything)1080 2448 w
10 R f
(may include newlines.)2 896 1 1455 2448 t
10 CW f
(#)1080 2616 w
10 I f
(anything)1165 2616 w
10 R f
(: A comment, which is discarded.)5 1340 1 1523 2616 t
( arguments on the)3 746( Any)1 233( category is mandatory.)3 970(Order is mostly irrelevant; no)4 1222 4 1080 2784 t
10 CW f
(.G1)4287 2784 w
10 R f
(line are placed on the)4 897 1 4503 2784 t
(generated)1080 2904 w
10 CW f
(.PS)1492 2904 w
10 R f
(line for)1 291 1 1697 2904 t
10 I f
(pic.)2013 2904 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 3072 t
9 CW f
(.G1)1080 3182 w
(frame ht 1 top invis right invis)6 1728 1 1080 3292 t
(coord x 0, 10 y 1, 3 log y)8 1404 1 1080 3402 t
(ticks left in at 1 "bottommost tick", 2,3 "top tick")9 2808 1 1080 3512 t
(ticks bot in from 0 to 10 by 2)8 1620 1 1080 3622 t
(label bot "silly graph")3 1242 1 1080 3732 t
(label left "left side label" "here")5 1890 1 1080 3842 t
(grid left dashed at 2.5)4 1242 1 1080 3952 t
(copy thru / circle at $1,$2 /)6 1566 1 1080 4062 t
(1 1)1 162 1 1080 4172 t
(2 1.5)1 270 1 1080 4282 t
(3 2)1 162 1 1080 4392 t
(4 1.5)1 270 1 1080 4502 t
(10 3)1 216 1 1080 4612 t
(.G2)1080 4722 w
( 0.000i 1.583i 4.700i 0.000i)4 1512(\( .,. \)...)2 462 2 1080 4832 t
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9 CW f
4104 5721 1944 5721 Dl
1944 5001 1944 5721 Dl
2016 5721 1944 5721 Dl
(bottommost tick)1 810 1 1080 5739 t
2016 5267 1944 5267 Dl
2016 5001 1944 5001 Dl
(top tick)1 432 1 1458 5019 t
1944 5649 1944 5721 Dl
(0)1917 5829 w
2376 5649 2376 5721 Dl
(2)2349 5829 w
2808 5649 2808 5721 Dl
(4)2781 5829 w
3240 5649 3240 5721 Dl
(6)3213 5829 w
3672 5649 3672 5721 Dl
(8)3645 5829 w
4104 5649 4104 5721 Dl
(10)4050 5829 w
(silly graph)1 594 1 2727 6040 t
(left side label)2 810 1 1035 5324 t
(here)1332 5434 w
1980 5121 1944 5121 Dl
2053 5121 2017 5121 Dl
2126 5121 2090 5121 Dl
2199 5121 2163 5121 Dl
2273 5121 2237 5121 Dl
2346 5121 2310 5121 Dl
2419 5121 2383 5121 Dl
2492 5121 2456 5121 Dl
2566 5121 2530 5121 Dl
2639 5121 2603 5121 Dl
2712 5121 2676 5121 Dl
2785 5121 2749 5121 Dl
2859 5121 2823 5121 Dl
2931 5121 2895 5121 Dl
3005 5121 2969 5121 Dl
3078 5121 3042 5121 Dl
3152 5121 3116 5121 Dl
3224 5121 3188 5121 Dl
3298 5121 3262 5121 Dl
3371 5121 3335 5121 Dl
3444 5121 3408 5121 Dl
3517 5121 3481 5121 Dl
3591 5121 3555 5121 Dl
3664 5121 3628 5121 Dl
3737 5121 3701 5121 Dl
3810 5121 3774 5121 Dl
3884 5121 3848 5121 Dl
3957 5121 3921 5121 Dl
4030 5121 3994 5121 Dl
4104 5121 4068 5121 Dl
6 S1 f
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()2365 5474 w
2365 5474 m
23 build_ob
2388 5474 m
()2581 5285 w
2581 5285 m
23 build_ob
2604 5285 m
()2797 5474 w
2797 5474 m
23 build_ob
2820 5474 m
()4093 5019 w
4093 5019 m
23 build_ob
4116 5019 m
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 6249 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/grap.defines)1080 6369 w
10 R f
(definitions of standard plotting characters, e.g., bullet)6 2136 1 2460 6369 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6537 t
10 I f
(pic)1080 6657 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1210 6657 w
10 I f
(troff)1376 6657 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1557 6657 w
(J. L. Bentley and B. W. Kernighan, `GRAP)7 1758 1 1080 6777 t
10 S1 f
(\320)2838 6777 w
10 R f
(A Language for Typesetting Graphs', Unix Research System)7 2462 1 2938 6777 t
(Programmer's Manual, Volume 2)3 1348 1 1080 6897 t
( 76)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( GRAPH)1 4061(GRAPH \( 1 \))3 479 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(graph)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1332 1080 w
10 R f
(draw a graph)2 520 1 1422 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(graph)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1463 1368 t
10 R f
(])1844 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Graph)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( of numbers from the standard input as abscissas \()9 2012(with no options takes pairs)4 1076 2 1367 1656 t
10 I f
(x)4463 1656 w
10 R f
(\255values\) and ordinates)2 885 1 4515 1656 t
(\()1080 1776 w
10 I f
(y)1121 1776 w
10 R f
( stan\255)1 220( graph is encoded on the)5 983( The)1 207( points are connected by straight lines.)6 1546( Successive)1 490(\255values\) of a graph.)3 781 6 1173 1776 t
(dard output for display by)4 1038 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(plot)2143 1896 w
10 R f
(\(1\) filters.)1 399 1 2307 1896 t
( printed as a label beginning on the point.)8 1729(If an ordinate is followed by a nonnumeric string, that string is)11 2591 2 1080 2064 t
( quotes)1 289(Labels may be surrounded with)4 1275 2 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(" ")1 183 1 2707 2184 t
10 R f
(in which case they may be empty or contain blanks and num\255)11 2482 1 2918 2184 t
(bers; labels never contain newlines.)4 1422 1 1080 2304 t
(The following options are recognized, each as a separate argument.)9 2684 1 1080 2472 t
10 CW f
(\255a)1080 2640 w
10 R f
( no)1 141(Supply abscissas automatically;)2 1302 2 1440 2640 t
10 I f
(x)2924 2640 w
10 R f
( is given by the next)5 888( Spacing)1 388(\255values appear in the input.)4 1148 3 2976 2640 t
( starting point for automatic abscissas)5 1577( second optional argument is the)5 1371( A)1 137(argument \(default 1\).)2 875 4 1440 2760 t
(\(default 0, or 1 with a log scale in)8 1345 1 1440 2880 t
10 I f
(x,)2810 2880 w
10 R f
(or the lower limit given by)5 1069 1 2904 2880 t
10 CW f
(\255x)3998 2880 w
10 R f
(\).)4118 2880 w
10 CW f
(\255b)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(Break \(disconnect\) the graph after each label in the input.)9 2294 1 1440 3048 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 3216 w
10 R f
(Character string given by next argument is default label for each point.)11 2828 1 1440 3216 t
10 CW f
(\255g)1080 3384 w
10 R f
(Next argument is grid style, 0 no grid, 1 frame with ticks, 2 full grid \(default\).)15 3116 1 1440 3384 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1080 3552 w
10 R f
( the)1 155( ranges are automatically printed as part of)7 1753( Grid)1 240(Next argument is a legend to title the graph.)8 1812 4 1440 3552 t
(title unless a)2 500 1 1440 3672 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1965 3672 w
10 R f
(option is present.)2 686 1 2110 3672 t
10 CW f
(\255m)1080 3840 w
10 R f
( devices)1 336( Some)1 290( is mode \(style\) of connecting lines: 0 disconnected, 1 connected.)10 2727(Next argument)1 607 4 1440 3840 t
( Mode)1 284(give distinguishable line styles for other small integers.)7 2217 2 1440 3960 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3967 3960 w
10 R f
( style 1 and)3 458(1 \(default\) begins with)3 910 2 4032 3960 t
(rotates styles for successive curves under option)6 1924 1 1440 4080 t
10 CW f
(\255o)3389 4080 w
10 R f
(.)3509 4080 w
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 4248 w
10 R f
( ordinates for)2 556(\(Overlay.\) The)1 629 2 1440 4248 t
10 I f
(n)2662 4248 w
10 R f
(superposed curves appear in the input with each abscissa value.)9 2650 1 2750 4248 t
(The next argument is)3 846 1 1440 4368 t
10 I f
(n)2311 4368 w
10 R f
(.)2369 4368 w
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 4536 w
10 R f
(Save screen; no new page for this graph.)7 1618 1 1440 4536 t
10 CW f
(\255x l)1 240 1 1080 4704 t
10 R f
(If)1440 4704 w
10 CW f
(l)1546 4704 w
10 R f
(is present,)1 420 1 1646 4704 t
10 I f
(x)2106 4704 w
10 R f
( 2\) arguments are lower \(and upper\))6 1530( 1 \(or)2 246( Next)1 259(\255axis is logarithmic.)2 827 4 2158 4704 t
10 I f
(x)5061 4704 w
10 R f
(limits.)5146 4704 w
(Third argument, if present, is grid spacing on)7 1897 1 1440 4824 t
10 I f
(x)3375 4824 w
10 R f
( these quantities are determined)4 1312(axis. Normally)1 631 2 3457 4824 t
(automatically.)1440 4944 w
10 CW f
(\255y l)1 240 1 1080 5112 t
10 R f
(Similarly for)1 514 1 1440 5112 t
10 I f
(y)1979 5112 w
10 R f
(.)2031 5112 w
10 CW f
(\255e)1080 5280 w
10 R f
(Make automatically determined)2 1270 1 1440 5280 t
10 I f
(x)2735 5280 w
10 R f
(and)2804 5280 w
10 I f
(y)2973 5280 w
10 R f
(scales equal.)1 504 1 3042 5280 t
10 CW f
(\255h)1080 5448 w
10 R f
(Next argument is fraction of space for height.)7 1818 1 1440 5448 t
10 CW f
(\255w)1080 5616 w
10 R f
(Similarly for width.)2 792 1 1440 5616 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 5784 w
10 R f
(Next argument is fraction of space to move right before plotting.)10 2582 1 1440 5784 t
10 CW f
(\255u)1080 5952 w
10 R f
(Similarly to move up before plotting.)5 1489 1 1440 5952 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 6120 w
10 R f
( \(Option)1 361(Transpose horizontal and vertical axes.)4 1560 2 1440 6120 t
10 CW f
(\255a)3386 6120 w
10 R f
(now applies to the vertical axis.\))5 1298 1 3531 6120 t
(If a specified lower limit exceeds the upper limit, the axis is reversed.)12 2778 1 1080 6288 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6456 t
10 I f
(plot)1080 6576 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1244 6576 w
10 I f
(grap)1410 6576 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1607 6576 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6744 t
10 R f
(Segments that run out of bounds are dropped, not windowed.)9 2439 1 1080 6864 t
(Logarithmic axes may not be reversed.)5 1552 1 1080 6984 t
(Option)1080 7104 w
10 CW f
(\255e)1383 7104 w
10 R f
(actually makes automatic limits, rather than automatic scaling, equal.)8 2766 1 1528 7104 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 77)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( GREP)1 4144(GREP \( 1 \))3 396 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(grep)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1282 1080 w
10 R f
(search a file for a pattern)5 993 1 1372 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(grep)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1403 1368 t
10 R f
(])1784 1368 w
10 I f
(pattern)1842 1368 w
10 R f
([)2156 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2214 1368 t
10 R f
(])2467 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Grep)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(searches the input)2 745 1 1333 1656 t
10 I f
(files)2118 1656 w
10 R f
(\(standard input default\) for lines \(with newlines excluded\) that match the)10 3067 1 2333 1656 t
10 I f
(pattern,)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(a regular expression as defined in)5 1488 1 1449 1776 t
10 I f
(regexp)2992 1776 w
10 R f
( each line matching the pattern is)6 1500(\(6\). Normally,)1 629 2 3271 1776 t
( options are)2 466( The)1 205(`selected', and each selected line is copied to the standard output.)10 2611 3 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(Print only a count of matching lines.)6 1458 1 1440 2064 t
10 CW f
(\255h)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(Do not print file name tags \(headers\) with output lines.)9 2192 1 1440 2184 t
10 CW f
(\255i)1080 2304 w
10 R f
( lower case all letters in the pat\255)7 1286( implementation folds into)3 1062( The)1 206(Ignore alphabetic case distinctions.)3 1406 4 1440 2304 t
( lines are printed in their original form.)7 1559( Matched)1 399(tern and input before interpretation.)4 1422 3 1440 2424 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1080 2544 w
10 R f
(\(ell\) Print the names of files with selected lines; don't print the lines.)12 2745 1 1440 2544 t
10 CW f
(\255L)1080 2664 w
10 R f
(Print the names of files with no selected lines; the converse of)11 2477 1 1440 2664 t
10 CW f
(\255l)3942 2664 w
10 R f
(.)4062 2664 w
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 2784 w
10 R f
(Mark each printed line with its line number counted in its file.)11 2481 1 1440 2784 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 2904 w
10 R f
(Produce no output, but return status.)5 1452 1 1440 2904 t
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 3024 w
10 R f
(Reverse: print lines that do not match the pattern.)8 1973 1 1440 3024 t
( force this tagging, include)4 1076( \(To)1 196(Output lines are tagged by file name when there is more than one input file.)14 3048 3 1080 3192 t
10 CW f
(/dev/null)1080 3312 w
10 R f
(as a file name argument.\))4 1011 1 1645 3312 t
( when using the shell metacharacters)5 1486(Care should be taken)3 849 2 1080 3480 t
10 CW f
($*[^|\(\)=\\)3444 3480 w
10 R f
(and newline in)2 596 1 4013 3480 t
10 I f
(pattern)4638 3480 w
10 R f
(; it is safest)3 465 1 4935 3480 t
(to enclose the entire expression in single quotes)7 1906 1 1080 3600 t
10 S f
(\242)3027 3600 w
10 R f
(. . .)2 107 1 3068 3600 t
10 S f
(\242)3191 3600 w
10 R f
(.)3216 3600 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3768 t
10 I f
(ed)1080 3888 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1182 3888 w
10 I f
(awk)1348 3888 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1517 3888 w
10 I f
(sed)1683 3888 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1824 3888 w
10 I f
(sam)1990 3888 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2159 3888 w
10 I f
(regexp)2325 3888 w
10 R f
(\(6\))2604 3888 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 4056 t
10 R f
(Exit status is null if any lines are selected, or non\255null when none are selected or an error occurs.)18 3858 1 1080 4176 t
( 78)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( HELP)1 4150(HELP \( 1 \))3 390 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(help)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1277 1080 w
10 R f
(experimental window system)2 1171 1 1367 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(help/help)1080 1368 w
(help/buf)1080 1536 w
(eval `{/bin/help/parse)1 1320 1 1080 1704 t
10 R f
([)2425 1704 w
10 CW f
(\255ca0)2483 1704 w
10 R f
(] })1 106 1 2748 1704 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 I f
(Help)1080 1992 w
10 R f
( and user interface.)3 797(is an experimental combination of window system, editor, shell,)8 2658 2 1311 1992 t
10 I f
(Help)4829 1992 w
10 R f
(supports)5061 1992 w
(textual applications only.)2 1008 1 1080 2112 t
( t)1 2( yo ou ut)3 134( ay)1 52(L La)1 107 4 870 2280 t
( two compo\255)2 531( window is divided into)4 993( Each)1 261(The screen is divided initially into two columns of windows.)9 2535 4 1080 2400 t
(nents: a single line of text across the top, called the)10 2109 1 1080 2520 t
10 I f
(tag)3221 2520 w
10 R f
(, and a multi\255line)3 704 1 3357 2520 t
10 I f
(body)4093 2520 w
10 R f
( a)1 75( Typically)1 440(of text below.)2 566 3 4319 2520 t
( this case, the file)4 708( In)1 136( in the body.)3 509(window represents a file whose name is in the tag and whose contents are)13 2967 4 1080 2640 t
( The)1 209( white space.)2 526(name appears as the first part of the tag, followed by)10 2148 3 1080 2760 t
10 I f
(directory name)1 611 1 3992 2760 t
10 R f
(associated with the)2 768 1 4632 2760 t
(window is the file name in the tag stripped of text after its final slash character.)15 3161 1 1080 2880 t
( aligned sheets of paper that may)6 1356( windows and columns are stacked like)6 1600( The)1 211(The columns also have tags.)4 1153 4 1080 3048 t
( window has)2 525( Each)1 259( of this document, `window' will stand for `window or column'.\))10 2697( the rest)2 338(overlap. \(In)1 501 5 1080 3168 t
( window; each column has one to the)7 1491(associated a small black square to the left of the column containing the)12 2829 2 1080 3288 t
( of)1 116( with mouse button 1 on the square brings the associated window to the top of the stack)17 3647(top. Clicking)1 557 3 1080 3408 t
(windows in which it resides, leaving its x\255y position unchanged.)9 2568 1 1080 3528 t
( the button down and)4 856(Pressing mouse button 3 in the tag of a window allows the window to be moved: hold)16 3464 2 1080 3696 t
(release it in the desired new position.)6 1484 1 1080 3816 t
(New windows are placed automatically by)5 1734 1 1080 3984 t
10 I f
(help)2846 3984 w
10 R f
( in the bottom of the column containing)7 1642( are placed)2 445(. They)1 287 3 3026 3984 t
(the selected text \(q.v.\).)3 909 1 1080 4104 t
( t)1 2( xt)1 30( ex)1 52(T Te)1 107 4 870 4272 t
( behavior of this text is essentially the same as)9 1878( The)1 208( editable text in its tag and body.)7 1326(Each window contains)2 908 4 1080 4392 t
(in)1080 4512 w
10 I f
(sam)1191 4512 w
10 R f
( Double)1 351( the selection; there is a scroll bar to the left, etc.)11 2015(\(1\): button 1 selects text; typing replaces)6 1674 3 1360 4512 t
(clicking button 1 selects as in)5 1180 1 1080 4632 t
10 I f
(sam.)2285 4632 w
10 R f
(The tag and body have independent selections.)6 1866 1 2496 4632 t
(The current window \(tag or body\) is the one under the mouse; there is no `click\255to\255type' property.)16 3906 1 1080 4800 t
( button 1 is held down after a selec\255)8 1481( While)1 301(Cutting and pasting are done by chords on the mouse buttons.)10 2538 3 1080 4968 t
( button 2 will cut the selected text and button 3 will paste the snarf buffer into the selected)18 3781(tion, clicking)1 539 2 1080 5088 t
( is no menu for cutting and pasting, although there are such commands; see the next section.)16 3684(text. There)1 457 2 1080 5208 t
( on n)2 54( ti io)2 82( ut)1 30( ec cu)2 98( xe)1 46(E Ex)1 113 6 870 5376 t
( the button is released,)4 904( When)1 290( selecting the text of the command using button 2.)9 2017(Commands are executed by)3 1109 4 1080 5496 t
( a command is executing, the command)6 1638( While)1 303( to the shell for execution.)5 1088(the button 2 selection is passed)5 1291 4 1080 5616 t
( of the)2 277(name appears in the top line)5 1173 2 1080 5736 t
10 I f
(help)2566 5736 w
10 R f
( Selecting)1 433(screen; when the command completes, it is removed.)7 2193 2 2774 5736 t
(with button 2 does not affect the current text.)8 1800 1 1080 5856 t
( to)1 105(Some commands are built in)4 1148 2 1080 6024 t
10 I f
(help.)2360 6024 w
10 R f
( Examples)1 446(By convention, these commands have initial capital letters.)7 2370 2 2584 6024 t
(are)1080 6144 w
10 CW f
(Cut)1237 6144 w
10 R f
(,)1417 6144 w
10 CW f
(Paste)1478 6144 w
10 R f
(,)1778 6144 w
10 CW f
(Snarf)1839 6144 w
10 R f
(,)2139 6144 w
10 CW f
(Open)2200 6144 w
10 R f
( are interpreted internally, much like functions in)7 2028( commands)1 469( Such)1 261(, etc.)1 202 4 2440 6144 t
10 I f
(rc)1080 6264 w
10 R f
( built\255ins take no arguments and cause actions to the)9 2107( Some)1 280( to executable files.)3 782(\(1\), and do not correspond)4 1060 4 1171 6264 t
( are)1 158( They)1 267( point.)1 268( are suffixed with an exclamation)5 1398( These)1 301(window in which they are executed.)5 1506 6 1080 6384 t
10 CW f
(Close!)5015 6384 w
10 R f
(,)5375 6384 w
(which closes the window,)3 1032 1 1080 6504 t
10 CW f
(Get!)2137 6504 w
10 R f
(, which rereads the file, and)5 1105 1 2377 6504 t
10 CW f
(Put!)3507 6504 w
10 R f
(, which writes the window to its file.)7 1463 1 3747 6504 t
( the command name begins)4 1117( If)1 122( to execute is found as follows.)6 1276(The file name)2 564 4 1080 6672 t
10 CW f
(/)4190 6672 w
10 R f
(or)4281 6672 w
10 CW f
(./)4395 6672 w
10 R f
(it is taken as a literal)5 854 1 4546 6672 t
( If)1 116( of the window holding the command name.)7 1765( not, the name is prefixed by the directory name)9 1922( If)1 117(file name.)1 400 5 1080 6792 t
(that file does not exist or if there is no directory name, the name is prefixed by)16 3131 1 1080 6912 t
10 CW f
(/bin/)4236 6912 w
10 R f
(.)4536 6912 w
( quotes behave)2 605( Single)1 312( command to execute followed by its arguments.)7 1984(Multiple words are interpreted as a)5 1419 4 1080 7080 t
(as in)1 204 1 1080 7200 t
10 I f
(rc)1327 7200 w
10 R f
( no)1 142( commands that take an argument will use the selected text as an argument if)14 3319(\(1\). Built\255in)1 521 3 1418 7200 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 79)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( HELP)1 4150(HELP \( 1 \))3 390 3 720 480 t
( example, one may select a file name with button 1 and select)12 2550( For)1 197( provided explicitly.)2 824(argument is)1 476 4 1080 960 t
10 CW f
(Open)5160 960 w
10 R f
( commands must be provided their arguments explicitly,)7 2317( Shell)1 265( file.)1 192(with button 2 to open a window on a)8 1546 4 1080 1080 t
(although it is possible to discover the selection in a program designed to run under)14 3409 1 1080 1200 t
10 I f
(help)4523 1200 w
10 R f
(; see)1 189 1 4703 1200 t
10 I f
(help)4926 1200 w
10 R f
(\(4\) and)1 294 1 5106 1200 t
(read about)1 418 1 1080 1320 t
10 I f
(parse)1523 1320 w
10 R f
(below.)1770 1320 w
( s)1 2( lt ts)2 71( ul)1 30( au)1 52( fa)1 46( ef)1 35(D De)1 118 7 870 1488 t
( double click)2 532( is no way to)4 539( There)1 289(When selecting text with button 1, double clicks select words, lines, etc.)11 2960 4 1080 1608 t
( a null selection)3 630( Instead,)1 363(with button 2, however.)3 952 3 1080 1728 t
10 S1 f
(\320)3050 1728 w
10 R f
(a click)1 263 1 3175 1728 t
10 S1 f
(\320)3463 1728 w
10 R f
(with button 2 on a word expands to the entire)9 1812 1 3588 1728 t
( button 2 on)3 508( example, clicking)2 751( For)1 197(white\255space\255delimited word containing the selection.)4 2148 4 1080 1848 t
10 CW f
(Cut)4718 1848 w
10 R f
(will cut the)2 468 1 4932 1848 t
( the text selected with button 2 is not a null string, no such expansion occurs.)15 3073( If)1 116(selected text.)1 521 3 1080 1968 t
(When a null button 1 selection is used as an argument to a command, rules relevant to the command are)19 4320 1 1080 2136 t
( example,)1 398( For)1 199(used to expand the selection.)4 1191 3 1080 2256 t
10 CW f
(Open)2903 2256 w
10 R f
(expands the selection to a white\255space\255delimited word)6 2222 1 3178 2256 t
( is therefore possible to open a file with two clicks: one on the file)14 2809( It)1 123(and interprets that as a file name.)6 1388 3 1080 2376 t
(name, one on)2 549 1 1080 2496 t
10 CW f
(Open)1661 2496 w
10 R f
( leaves the selection at the null string at the end of the typed text,)14 2678( since typing)2 525(. Also,)1 296 3 1901 2496 t
( the selection at the end of the name\) and clicking but\255)11 2215(one may load a new file by typing its name \(leaving)10 2105 2 1080 2616 t
(ton 2 on)2 328 1 1080 2736 t
10 CW f
(Open.)1433 2736 w
10 R f
(Other commands interpret the selection as numbers, words, C identifiers, etc.,)10 3109 1 1758 2736 t
10 I f
(according to)1 508 1 4892 2736 t
(the rules of the command.)4 1035 1 1080 2856 t
10 R f
( s)1 2( ls)1 41( oo ol)2 82(T To)1 113 4 870 3024 t
(Tools in)1 339 1 1080 3144 t
10 I f
(help)1452 3144 w
10 R f
( programs and associated file, conventionally called)6 2125(comprise directories holding executable)3 1618 2 1657 3144 t
10 CW f
(stf)1080 3264 w
10 R f
( tools live in)3 549( Standard)1 422( the templates for executing the programs.)6 1785(\(`stuff'\) that holds)2 768 4 1303 3264 t
10 CW f
(/help)4869 3264 w
10 R f
(. For)1 231 1 5169 3264 t
(example,)1080 3384 w
10 CW f
(/help/cbr)1475 3384 w
10 R f
( text and)2 360(is a directory of tools for browsing C source)8 1820 2 2047 3384 t
10 CW f
(/help/cbr/stf)4260 3384 w
10 R f
(is a text)2 327 1 5073 3384 t
( the rules mentioned above, clicking button 2)7 1804( By)1 167( like a menu of browser commands.)6 1428(file that acts somewhat)3 921 4 1080 3504 t
(on, say,)1 308 1 1080 3624 t
10 CW f
(decl)1413 3624 w
10 R f
(in the window holding)3 903 1 1678 3624 t
10 CW f
(/help/cbr/stf)2607 3624 w
10 R f
(will execute)1 486 1 3413 3624 t
10 CW f
(/help/cbr/decl)3925 3624 w
10 R f
(, a program that)3 635 1 4765 3624 t
(identifies the declaration of a C variable.)6 1627 1 1080 3744 t
( t)1 2( oo ot)2 82(B Bo)1 119 3 870 3912 t
(When started,)1 573 1 1080 4032 t
10 I f
(help)1697 4032 w
10 R f
(initializes its display and prints the words)6 1775 1 1913 4032 t
10 CW f
(help/Boot)3732 4032 w
10 R f
(and)4316 4032 w
10 CW f
(Exit)4504 4032 w
10 R f
(across the top.)2 612 1 4788 4032 t
10 CW f
(Exit)1080 4152 w
10 R f
(is naturally the built\255in command to quit)6 1647 1 1350 4152 t
10 I f
(help)3027 4152 w
10 R f
( program)1 367(. The)1 234 2 3207 4152 t
10 CW f
(help/Boot)3837 4152 w
10 R f
(loads)4406 4152 w
10 I f
(help)4646 4152 w
10 R f
(with the tools)2 553 1 4847 4152 t
(named in the environment variable)4 1392 1 1080 4272 t
10 CW f
($helpboot .)1 660 1 2497 4272 t
10 R f
( s)1 2( ms)1 41( am)1 80( ra)1 46( og gr)2 87( ro)1 52( pr)1 35( p)1 93( t)1 2( rt)1 30( up pp po or)4 191(S Su)1 108 12 870 4440 t
(See)1080 4560 w
10 I f
(help)1282 4560 w
10 R f
(\(4\) for an explanation of the control files)7 1858 1 1462 4560 t
10 I f
(help)3378 4560 w
10 R f
( programs in)2 573( Two)1 267( applications.)1 567(offers its)1 385 4 3608 4560 t
10 CW f
(/bin/help)1080 4680 w
10 R f
(assist such applications.)2 966 1 1649 4680 t
10 I f
(Buf)2669 4680 w
10 R f
(collects its input and emits it in a single)8 1616 1 2837 4680 t
10 CW f
(write)4482 4680 w
10 R f
( It)1 114(system call.)1 475 2 4811 4680 t
(sends a maximum of 8192 bytes.)5 1346 1 1080 4800 t
10 I f
(Parse)2482 4800 w
10 R f
(reads)2746 4800 w
10 I f
(help)2987 4800 w
10 R f
( expands the)2 513( It)1 118( text.)1 207('s control files to find the selected)6 1395 4 3167 4800 t
(selection, if null, to the alphanumeric word defined by its option:)10 2718 1 1080 4920 t
10 CW f
(\2550)3835 4920 w
10 R f
(\(zero\) selects numbers;)2 949 1 3992 4920 t
10 CW f
(\255a)4978 4920 w
10 R f
(selects)5134 4920 w
(alphabetic words; and)2 894 1 1080 5040 t
10 CW f
(\255c)2008 5040 w
10 R f
(selects C identifiers.)2 831 1 2162 5040 t
10 I f
(Parse)3052 5040 w
10 R f
(then prints strings to set the environment variables)7 2081 1 3319 5040 t
10 CW f
($file)1080 5160 w
10 R f
( holding the selection,)3 907(to the file name of the window)6 1280 2 1414 5160 t
10 CW f
($dir)3634 5160 w
10 R f
(to the directory,)2 651 1 3907 5160 t
10 CW f
($base)4591 5160 w
10 R f
(to the base\255)2 476 1 4924 5160 t
(name \(file minus directory\),)3 1132 1 1080 5280 t
10 CW f
($line)2241 5280 w
10 R f
(to the line number holding the beginning of the selection, and)10 2512 1 2570 5280 t
10 CW f
($id)5112 5280 w
10 R f
(to)5322 5280 w
( output of)2 389( The)1 205(the text containing the word.)4 1146 3 1080 5400 t
10 I f
(parse)2845 5400 w
10 R f
(should be executed by)3 890 1 3092 5400 t
10 CW f
(rc)4007 5400 w
10 R f
(.)4127 5400 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 5568 t
10 CW f
(/mnt/help)1080 5688 w
10 R f
(Files served by)2 617 1 2040 5688 t
10 I f
(help)2688 5688 w
10 R f
(\(also unioned in)2 658 1 2892 5688 t
10 CW f
(/dev)3582 5688 w
10 R f
(in a window's name space, before the)6 1546 1 3854 5688 t
(terminal's real)1 579 1 2040 5808 t
10 CW f
(/dev)2644 5808 w
10 R f
(files\).)2909 5808 w
10 CW f
(/help)1080 5928 w
10 R f
(Directory of tools.)2 735 1 2040 5928 t
10 CW f
(/help/lib/boot)1080 6048 w
10 R f
(Bootstrap program.)1 777 1 2040 6048 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6216 t
10 I f
(8\275)1080 6336 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1213 6336 w
10 I f
(8\275)1379 6336 w
10 R f
(\(4\),)1512 6336 w
10 I f
(help)1678 6336 w
10 R f
(\(4\))1858 6336 w
(Rob Pike,)1 395 1 1080 6456 t
10 I f
(A Global Minimal User Interface.)4 1357 1 1500 6456 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6624 t
10 I f
(Help)1080 6744 w
10 R f
(has not been engineered or tested nearly as well as)9 2014 1 1299 6744 t
10 I f
(8\275.)3338 6744 w
10 R f
( 80)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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107 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( HOC)1 4189(HOC \( 1 \))3 351 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(hoc)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1249 1080 w
10 R f
(interactive floating point language)3 1373 1 1339 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(hoc)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1343 1368 t
10 R f
(])1596 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Hoc)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( of BASIC, with C\255like syn\255)5 1133(interprets a simple language for floating point arithmetic, at about the level)11 2996 2 1271 1656 t
(tax and functions.)2 713 1 1080 1776 t
(The named)1 446 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(files)1551 1944 w
10 R f
( no)1 126( If)1 116(are read and interpreted in order.)5 1306 3 1743 1944 t
10 I f
(file)3317 1944 w
10 R f
(is given or if)3 511 1 3471 1944 t
10 I f
(file)4008 1944 w
10 R f
(is)4162 1944 w
10 CW f
(\255)4255 1944 w
10 I f
(hoc)4341 1944 w
10 R f
(interprets the standard)2 889 1 4511 1944 t
(input.)1080 2064 w
10 I f
(Hoc)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(input consists of)2 694 1 1290 2232 t
10 I f
(expressions)2028 2232 w
10 R f
(and)2538 2232 w
10 I f
(statements)2726 2232 w
10 R f
( and their results printed.)4 1076( are evaluated)2 591(. Expressions)1 577 3 3156 2232 t
( function or procedure definitions, produce no output unless they)9 2744(Statements, typically assignments and)3 1576 2 1080 2352 t
(explicitly call)1 547 1 1080 2472 t
10 I f
(print)1652 2472 w
10 R f
(.)1855 2472 w
( the usual syntax, including)4 1161(Variable names have)2 866 2 1080 2640 t
10 CW f
(_)3148 2640 w
10 R f
(; the name)2 448 1 3208 2640 t
10 CW f
(_)3697 2640 w
10 R f
(by itself contains the value of the last)7 1602 1 3798 2640 t
( variables)1 404( The)1 224(expression evaluated.)1 878 3 1080 2760 t
10 CW f
(E)2630 2760 w
10 R f
(,)2690 2760 w
10 CW f
(PI)2759 2760 w
10 R f
(,)2879 2760 w
10 CW f
(PHI)2948 2760 w
10 R f
(,)3128 2760 w
10 CW f
(GAMMA)3197 2760 w
10 R f
(and)3541 2760 w
10 CW f
(DEG)3729 2760 w
10 R f
( 59.25...,)1 368(are predefined; the last is)4 1079 2 3953 2760 t
(degrees per radian.)2 755 1 1080 2880 t
(Expressions are formed with these C\255like operators, listed by decreasing precedence.)10 3386 1 1080 3048 t
10 CW f
(^)1080 3216 w
10 R f
(exponentiation)1440 3216 w
10 CW f
(! \255 ++ \255\255)3 540 1 1080 3384 t
(* / %)2 300 1 1080 3552 t
(+ \255)1 180 1 1080 3720 t
(> >= < <= == !=)5 900 1 1080 3888 t
(&&)1080 4056 w
(||)1080 4224 w
(= += \255= *= /= %=)5 960 1 1080 4392 t
10 R f
(Built in functions are)3 868 1 1080 4560 t
10 CW f
(abs)1980 4560 w
10 R f
(,)2160 4560 w
10 CW f
(acos)2218 4560 w
10 R f
(,)2458 4560 w
10 CW f
(asin)2516 4560 w
10 R f
(,)2756 4560 w
10 CW f
(atan)2814 4560 w
10 R f
(\(one argument\),)1 645 1 3087 4560 t
10 CW f
(cos)3765 4560 w
10 R f
(,)3945 4560 w
10 CW f
(cosh)4003 4560 w
10 R f
(,)4243 4560 w
10 CW f
(erf)4301 4560 w
10 R f
(,)4481 4560 w
10 CW f
(erfc)4539 4560 w
10 R f
(,)4779 4560 w
10 CW f
(exp)4837 4560 w
10 R f
(,)5017 4560 w
10 CW f
(gamma)5075 4560 w
10 R f
(,)5375 4560 w
10 CW f
(int)1080 4680 w
10 R f
(,)1260 4680 w
10 CW f
(log)1320 4680 w
10 R f
(,)1500 4680 w
10 CW f
(log10)1560 4680 w
10 R f
(,)1860 4680 w
10 CW f
(sin)1920 4680 w
10 R f
(,)2100 4680 w
10 CW f
(sinh)2160 4680 w
10 R f
(,)2400 4680 w
10 CW f
(sqrt)2460 4680 w
10 R f
(,)2700 4680 w
10 CW f
(tan)2760 4680 w
10 R f
(, and)1 204 1 2940 4680 t
10 CW f
(tanh)3179 4680 w
10 R f
( function)1 368(. The)1 240 2 3419 4680 t
10 CW f
(read\(x\))4062 4680 w
10 R f
(reads a value into the)4 884 1 4516 4680 t
(variable)1080 4800 w
10 CW f
(x)1433 4800 w
10 R f
(and returns 0 at EOF; the statement)6 1457 1 1525 4800 t
10 CW f
(print)3015 4800 w
10 R f
(prints a list of expressions that may include string)8 2052 1 3348 4800 t
(constants such as)2 688 1 1080 4920 t
10 CW f
("hello\\n".)1793 4920 w
10 R f
(Control flow statements are)3 1122 1 1080 5088 t
10 CW f
(if)2232 5088 w
10 R f
(\255)2352 5088 w
10 CW f
(else)2385 5088 w
10 R f
(,)2625 5088 w
10 CW f
(while)2680 5088 w
10 R f
(, and)1 199 1 2980 5088 t
10 CW f
(for)3209 5088 w
10 R f
( ends a state\255)3 536( Newline)1 394( for grouping.)2 564(, with braces)2 517 4 3389 5088 t
( is equivalent to a space.)5 976(ment. Backslash\255newline)1 1029 2 1080 5208 t
(Functions and procedures are introduced by the words)7 2207 1 1080 5376 t
10 CW f
(func)3318 5376 w
10 R f
(and)3589 5376 w
10 CW f
(proc)3764 5376 w
10 R f
(;)4004 5376 w
10 CW f
(return)4063 5376 w
10 R f
( return with a)3 556(is used to)2 390 2 4454 5376 t
( or procedure, arguments are referred to as)7 1728( a function)2 439( Within)1 334(value from a function.)3 905 4 1080 5496 t
10 CW f
($1)4516 5496 w
10 R f
(,)4636 5496 w
10 CW f
($2)4691 5496 w
10 R f
(, etc.; all other)3 589 1 4811 5496 t
(variables are global.)2 806 1 1080 5616 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 5784 t
10 CW f
(func gcd\(\) {)2 720 1 1080 5904 t
(temp = abs\($1\) % abs\($2\))4 1440 1 1440 6024 t
(if\(temp == 0\) return abs\($2\))4 1680 1 1440 6144 t
(return gcd\($2, temp\))2 1200 1 1440 6264 t
(})1080 6384 w
(for\(i=1; i<12; i++\) print gcd\(i,12\))4 2100 1 1080 6504 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6672 t
10 I f
(bc)1080 6792 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1182 6792 w
10 I f
(dc)1348 6792 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1450 6792 w
(B. W. Kernighan and R. Pike,)5 1196 1 1080 6912 t
10 I f
(The Unix Programming Environment,)3 1521 1 2301 6912 t
10 R f
(Prentice\255Hall, 1984)1 782 1 3847 6912 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 7080 t
10 R f
(Error recovery is imperfect within function and procedure definitions.)8 2791 1 1080 7200 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 81)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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108 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( HP)1 4272(HP \( 1 \))3 268 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(hp)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1205 1080 w
10 R f
(emulate an HP 2621 terminal)4 1171 1 1295 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(hp)1080 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(hp)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(replaces an 8\275 window with an emulation of an HP 2621 terminal.)11 2677 1 1205 1656 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 1824 t
10 I f
(Hp)1080 1944 w
10 R f
( but\255)1 187( a 24x80 screen is required, it can draw an outline \(using a menu item on)15 2906( If)1 116(cannot resize a window.)3 964 4 1227 1944 t
( will use only the space within the outline, but the user is responsible for resizing the window to)18 3905(ton 2\) and)2 415 2 1080 2064 t
(fit the outline.)2 564 1 1080 2184 t
( and newline modes when connecting to Unix systems via)9 2353(Use care in setting echo)4 965 2 1080 2352 t
10 I f
(con.)4427 2352 w
10 R f
(It may also be nec\255)4 775 1 4625 2352 t
(essary to set the emulator into raw mode manually \(using a button 2 menu entry\).)14 3249 1 1080 2472 t
( 82)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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109 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( KANA8\275)1 3987(KANA8\275 \( 1 \))3 553 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(kana8\275)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1418 1080 w
10 R f
(language transliterator)1 895 1 1508 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(kana8\275)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1465 1368 w
10 I f
(args)1523 1368 w
10 R f
(])1726 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
(The)1080 1656 w
10 I f
(kana8\275)1273 1656 w
10 R f
( an instance of the window manager)6 1525(script starts)1 471 2 1630 1656 t
10 I f
(8\275)3665 1656 w
10 R f
(\(1\) able to transliterate keyboard letter)5 1602 1 3798 1656 t
( also creates a small control)5 1111( It)1 112( characters in languages that do not use the Latin character set.)11 2510(sequences into)1 587 4 1080 1776 t
( Japanese hiragana)2 759(window; a menu on button 2 in this window chooses among English \(default\), Russian,)13 3561 2 1080 1896 t
( of)1 130( may also be controlled by sending one)7 1723( Language)1 466(or katakana, or Greek.)3 957 4 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(english)4403 2016 w
10 R f
(,)4823 2016 w
10 CW f
(katakana)4895 2016 w
10 R f
(,)5375 2016 w
10 CW f
(hiragana)1080 2136 w
10 R f
(,)1560 2136 w
10 CW f
(russian)1610 2136 w
10 R f
(, or)1 133 1 2030 2136 t
10 CW f
(greek)2188 2136 w
10 R f
(to the file)2 383 1 2513 2136 t
10 CW f
(/mnt/kanactl/data)2921 2136 w
10 R f
(.)3941 2136 w
( a Hepburn representation of hiragana or katakana.)7 2105(The Japanese selections interpret lower\255case letters as)6 2215 2 1080 2304 t
( selection interprets letters as Cyrillic; the transliteration is mostly phonetic, with)11 3518(The Russian)1 524 2 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(')5173 2424 w
10 R f
(for)5284 2424 w
10 I f
(myagkij\255znak)1080 2544 w
10 R f
(,)1620 2544 w
10 CW f
('')1681 2544 w
10 R f
(for)1837 2544 w
10 I f
(tverdyj\255znak)1989 2544 w
10 R f
(\(spell it)1 314 1 2518 2544 t
10 I f
(tvyordyj\255znak)2868 2544 w
10 R f
(if you want the dieresis\),)4 1038 1 3448 2544 t
10 CW f
(j)4523 2544 w
10 R f
(for)4620 2544 w
10 I f
(i\255kratkaya)4773 2544 w
10 R f
(. No)1 209 1 5191 2544 t
(transliteration is done in English mode.)5 1572 1 1080 2664 t
(If no arguments are given, the font specification)7 2023 1 1080 2832 t
10 CW f
(unicode.9)3143 2832 w
10 R f
( are arguments, they are)4 1019(is used; if there)3 658 2 3723 2832 t
(passed unchanged to the window system and an appropriate font must already be installed.)13 3622 1 1080 2952 t
(The command is a short script that starts)7 1632 1 1080 3120 t
10 CW f
(aux/kana)2739 3120 w
10 R f
( itself between)2 588(; this program inserts)3 853 2 3219 3120 t
10 CW f
(/dev/cons)4688 3120 w
10 R f
(and)5256 3120 w
( script then invokes an instance of)6 1359( The)1 205(the window system, and performs the transliteration.)6 2103 3 1080 3240 t
10 I f
(8\275.)4772 3240 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3408 t
10 CW f
(/mnt/kana/data1)1080 3528 w
10 R f
(used as a naming point for binding output upon)8 1894 1 2220 3528 t
10 CW f
(/dev/cons)4139 3528 w
10 R f
(.)4679 3528 w
10 CW f
(/mnt/kanactl/data)1080 3648 w
10 R f
(for controlling language.)2 990 1 2220 3648 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3816 t
10 I f
(8\275)1080 3936 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1213 3936 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4104 t
10 R f
(Considerably more sophistication is required to support ideographic languages.)8 3166 1 1080 4224 t
(The language can't be selected independently in each window.)8 2502 1 1080 4392 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 83)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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110 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( KILL)1 4173(KILL \( 1 \))3 367 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(kill, broke)1 411 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1516 1080 w
10 R f
(print commands to kill processes)4 1316 1 1606 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(kill)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(name)1345 1368 w
10 CW f
(broke)1080 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Kill)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(prints commands that will cause all processes called)7 2118 1 1261 1824 t
10 I f
(name)3409 1824 w
10 R f
(and owned by the current user to be termi\255)8 1744 1 3656 1824 t
( the)1 147(nated. Use)1 446 2 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
(send)1698 1944 w
10 R f
(command of)1 502 1 1963 1944 t
10 I f
(8\275)2490 1944 w
10 R f
(\(1\), or pipe the output of)5 982 1 2623 1944 t
10 I f
(kill)3630 1944 w
10 R f
(into)3783 1944 w
10 I f
(rc)3964 1944 w
10 R f
(\(1\) to execute the commands.)4 1178 1 4055 1944 t
10 I f
(Kill)1080 2112 w
10 R f
(suggests sending a)2 744 1 1256 2112 t
10 CW f
(kill)2025 2112 w
10 R f
( to the process's)3 649(note to the process; the same message delivered)7 1910 2 2290 2112 t
10 CW f
(ctl)4875 2112 w
10 R f
(file \(see)1 319 1 5081 2112 t
10 I f
(proc)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\) is a surer, if heavy handed, kill, but is necessary if the offending process is ignoring notes.)17 3774 1 1271 2232 t
10 I f
(Broke)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(prints commands that will cause all processes in the)8 2070 1 1343 2400 t
10 I f
(Broken)3438 2400 w
10 R f
(state and owned by the current user to go)8 1649 1 3751 2400 t
( error caught by the system, it may linger in the)10 2015( a process dies because of an)6 1224(away. When)1 536 3 1080 2520 t
10 I f
(Broken)4892 2520 w
10 R f
(state)5217 2520 w
( the commands printed by)4 1058( Executing)1 460(allowing examination with a debugger.)4 1582 3 1080 2640 t
10 I f
(broke)4211 2640 w
10 R f
(lets the system reclaim)3 931 1 4469 2640 t
(the resources used by the broken processes.)6 1737 1 1080 2760 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2928 t
10 I f
(ps)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1177 3048 w
10 I f
(stop)1343 3048 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1518 3048 w
10 I f
(proc)1684 3048 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1875 3048 w
( 84)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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111 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( LEX)1 4206(LEX \( 1 \))3 334 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(lex)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1227 1080 w
10 R f
(generator of lexical analysis programs)4 1524 1 1317 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(lex)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255tvn)1343 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1608 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1724 1368 t
10 R f
(])1977 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Lex)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( input)1 232( The)1 206( in simple lexical analysis of text.)6 1347(generates programs to be used)4 1208 4 1249 1656 t
10 I f
(files)4268 1656 w
10 R f
(\(standard input default\))2 939 1 4461 1656 t
( are)1 147(contain regular expressions to be searched for and actions written in C to be executed when expressions)16 4173 2 1080 1776 t
(found.)1080 1896 w
(A C source program,)3 858 1 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(lex.yy.c)1970 2064 w
10 R f
( program, when run, copies unrecognized portions of)7 2171( This)1 236(is generated.)1 511 3 2482 2064 t
(the input to the output, and executes the associated C action for each regular expression that is recognized.)17 4250 1 1080 2184 t
(The options have the following meanings.)5 1682 1 1080 2352 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 2520 w
10 R f
(Place the result on the standard output instead of in file)10 2203 1 1440 2520 t
10 CW f
(lex.yy.c)3668 2520 w
10 R f
(.)4148 2520 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 2688 w
10 R f
(Print a one\255line summary of statistics of the generated analyzer.)9 2545 1 1440 2688 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 2856 w
10 R f
(Opposite of)1 469 1 1440 2856 t
10 CW f
(\255v)1934 2856 w
10 R f
(;)2054 2856 w
10 CW f
(\255n)2107 2856 w
10 R f
(is default.)1 394 1 2252 2856 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 3024 t
10 R f
( case to lower, removes blanks at the end of lines, and replaces multiple blanks)14 3164(This program converts upper)3 1156 2 1080 3144 t
(by single blanks.)2 675 1 1080 3264 t
10 CW f
(%%)1080 3432 w
([A\255Z] putchar\(yytext[0]+'a'\255'A'\);)1 1980 1 1080 3552 t
([ ]+$)1 300 1 1080 3672 t
( '\);)1 240( putchar\(')1 660([ ]+)1 240 3 1080 3792 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3960 t
10 CW f
(lex.yy.c)1080 4080 w
10 R f
(output)2340 4080 w
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/lex/ncform)1080 4200 w
10 R f
(template)2340 4200 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4368 t
10 I f
(yacc)1080 4488 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1270 4488 w
10 I f
(sed)1436 4488 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1577 4488 w
(M. E. Lesk and E. Schmidt, `LEX)6 1438 1 1080 4608 t
10 S1 f
(\320)2518 4608 w
10 R f
( Research System Programmer's)3 1348(Lexical Analyzer Generator', Unix)3 1434 2 2618 4608 t
(Manual, Volume 2)2 752 1 1080 4728 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4896 t
10 R f
(Cannot handle)1 580 1 1080 5016 t
9 R f
(UTF.)1683 5016 w
10 R f
(The asteroid to kill this dinosaur is still in orbit.)9 1907 1 1080 5136 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 85)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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112 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( LOOK)1 4123(LOOK \( 1 \))3 417 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(look)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1283 1080 w
10 R f
(find lines in a sorted list)5 964 1 1373 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(look)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255dfnixt)1403 1368 w
10 I f
(c)1831 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1900 1368 t
10 I f
(string)2016 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2275 1368 t
10 I f
(file)2391 1368 w
10 R f
(])2544 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Look)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(consults a sorted)2 666 1 1305 1656 t
10 I f
(file)1996 1656 w
10 R f
(and prints all lines that begin with)6 1361 1 2149 1656 t
10 I f
(string)3535 1656 w
10 R f
( uses binary search.)3 781(. It)1 136 2 3777 1656 t
( Options)1 367(The following options are recognized.)4 1522 2 1080 1824 t
10 CW f
(dfnt)2994 1824 w
10 R f
(affect comparisons as in)3 967 1 3259 1824 t
10 I f
(sort)4251 1824 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)4415 1824 w
10 CW f
(\255i)1080 1992 w
10 R f
( is no)2 217(Interactive. There)1 733 2 1440 1992 t
10 I f
(string)2416 1992 w
10 R f
(argument; instead)1 714 1 2676 1992 t
10 I f
(look)3416 1992 w
10 R f
(takes lines from the standard input as strings)7 1786 1 3614 1992 t
(to be looked up.)3 644 1 1440 2112 t
10 CW f
(\255x)1080 2280 w
10 R f
( only lines of the file whose key matches)8 1631(Exact. Print)1 497 2 1440 2280 t
10 I f
(string)3593 2280 w
10 R f
(exactly.)3852 2280 w
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 2448 w
10 R f
(`Directory' order: only letters, digits, tabs and blanks participate in comparisons.)10 3226 1 1440 2448 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 2616 w
10 R f
( case letters compare equal to lower case.)7 1650(Fold. Upper)1 508 2 1440 2616 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 2784 w
10 R f
(Numeric comparison with initial string of digits, optional minus sign, and optional decimal point.)13 3895 1 1440 2784 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 2952 w
10 I f
([c])1208 2952 w
10 R f
(Character)1440 2952 w
10 I f
(c)1859 2952 w
10 R f
(terminates the sort key in the)5 1192 1 1935 2952 t
10 I f
(file.)3159 2952 w
10 R f
( If)1 124( the key.)2 357(By default, tab terminates)3 1053 3 3344 2952 t
10 I f
(c)4911 2952 w
10 R f
(is missing)1 412 1 4988 2952 t
(the entire line comprises the key.)5 1320 1 1440 3072 t
(If no)1 191 1 1080 3240 t
10 I f
(file)1296 3240 w
10 R f
(is specified,)1 477 1 1449 3240 t
10 CW f
(/lib/words)1951 3240 w
10 R f
(is assumed, with collating sequence)4 1429 1 2576 3240 t
10 CW f
(df)4030 3240 w
10 R f
(.)4150 3240 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3408 t
10 CW f
(/lib/words)1080 3528 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3696 t
10 I f
(sort)1080 3816 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1244 3816 w
10 I f
(grep)1410 3816 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1601 3816 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 3984 t
10 R f
(The exit status is)3 678 1 1080 4104 t
10 CW f
("not found")1 662 1 1785 4104 t
10 R f
(if no match is found, and)5 1009 1 2474 4104 t
10 CW f
("no dictionary")1 902 1 3510 4104 t
10 R f
(if)4439 4104 w
10 I f
(file)4527 4104 w
10 R f
(or the default dic\255)3 718 1 4682 4104 t
(tionary cannot be opened.)3 1031 1 1080 4224 t
( 86)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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113 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( LP)1 4283(LP \( 1 \))3 257 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(lp)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1183 1080 w
10 R f
(printer output)1 547 1 1273 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(lp)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1780 1368 t
10 R f
(])2033 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Lp)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( kill)1 163( can be used to queue files for printing, check a queue, or)12 2319( It)1 114(is a generalized output printing service.)5 1590 4 1214 1656 t
( options are:)2 494( The)1 205(jobs in a queue.)3 627 3 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 1944 w
10 I f
(dest)1233 1944 w
10 R f
( If)1 117( printer.)1 317(Select the destination)2 855 3 1563 1944 t
10 I f
(dest)2878 1944 w
10 R f
(is)3065 1944 w
10 CW f
(?)3158 1944 w
10 R f
( the absence of)3 598( In)1 134(, list the currently available printers.)5 1450 3 3218 1944 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1563 2064 w
10 R f
(, the destination is taken from the environment variable)8 2283 1 1683 2064 t
10 CW f
(LPDEST)4000 2064 w
10 R f
(. Destination)1 545 1 4360 2064 t
10 CW f
(stdout)4939 2064 w
10 R f
(is)5333 2064 w
( Destination)1 530(the standard output.)2 829 2 1563 2184 t
10 CW f
(safari)2966 2184 w
10 R f
(is)3370 2184 w
10 CW f
(/dev/lpt1data)3481 2184 w
10 R f
( port on a 386)4 635(line printer)1 460 2 4305 2184 t
(machine.)1563 2304 w
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 2424 w
10 I f
(proc)1233 2424 w
10 R f
( default preprocessor is)3 961( The)1 216( invoked.)1 383(The given preprocessor is)3 1058 4 1563 2424 t
10 CW f
(generic)4217 2424 w
10 R f
(, which tries to do)4 763 1 4637 2424 t
(the right thing for regular text,)5 1245 1 1563 2544 t
10 I f
(troff)2839 2544 w
10 R f
(\(1\) output, or)2 542 1 3020 2544 t
10 I f
(tex)3593 2544 w
10 R f
( no preprocessing is desired)4 1133( If)1 122(\(1\) output.)1 428 3 3717 2544 t
10 CW f
(noproc)1563 2664 w
10 R f
(may be specified.)2 701 1 1948 2664 t
10 CW f
(\255q)1080 2784 w
10 R f
( some devices, include printer status.)5 1473( For)1 189(Print the queue for the given destination.)6 1629 3 1563 2784 t
10 CW f
(\255k)1080 2904 w
10 R f
(Kill the job\(s\) given as subsequent arguments instead of file names for the given destination.)14 3704 1 1563 2904 t
( options may not be appli\255)5 1062( These)1 291( affect the output at a given device.)7 1423(The remaining options may be used to)6 1544 4 1080 3072 t
(cable to all devices.)3 787 1 1080 3192 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 3360 w
10 I f
(n)1233 3360 w
10 R f
(Print)1563 3360 w
10 I f
(n)1783 3360 w
10 R f
(copies.)1858 3360 w
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 3480 w
10 I f
(font)1233 3480 w
10 R f
(Set the font \(default)3 796 1 1563 3480 t
10 CW f
(CW.11)2384 3480 w
10 R f
(\).)2684 3480 w
10 CW f
(\255H)1080 3600 w
10 R f
(Suppress printing of header page.)4 1339 1 1563 3600 t
10 CW f
(\255i)1080 3720 w
10 I f
(n)1233 3720 w
10 R f
(Select paper input tray)3 901 1 1563 3720 t
10 I f
(n.)2489 3720 w
10 CW f
(\255l)1080 3840 w
10 I f
(n)1233 3840 w
10 R f
(Set the number of lines per page to)7 1395 1 1563 3840 t
10 I f
(n.)2983 3840 w
10 CW f
(\255L)1080 3960 w
10 R f
(Print pages in landscape mode \(i.e. turned 90 degrees\).)8 2187 1 1563 3960 t
10 CW f
(\255m)1080 4080 w
10 I f
(v)1233 4080 w
10 R f
(Set magnification to)2 811 1 1563 4080 t
10 I f
(v.)2399 4080 w
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 4200 w
10 I f
(n)1233 4200 w
10 R f
(Print)1563 4200 w
10 I f
(n)1783 4200 w
10 R f
(logical pages per physical page.)4 1272 1 1858 4200 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 4320 w
10 I f
(list)1233 4320 w
10 R f
(Print only pages whose page numbers appear in the comma\255separated)9 2960 1 1563 4320 t
10 I f
(list)4568 4320 w
10 R f
(of numbers and)2 663 1 4737 4320 t
( range)1 249(ranges. A)1 410 2 1563 4440 t
10 I f
(n)2250 4440 w
10 CW f
(\255)2308 4440 w
10 I f
(m)2376 4440 w
10 R f
(means pages)1 510 1 2476 4440 t
10 I f
(n)3014 4440 w
10 R f
(through)3091 4440 w
10 I f
(m)3429 4440 w
10 R f
(; a range)2 347 1 3509 4440 t
10 CW f
(\255)3883 4440 w
10 I f
(n)3951 4440 w
10 R f
(means from the beginning to page)5 1372 1 4028 4440 t
10 I f
(n)1563 4560 w
10 R f
(; a range)2 343 1 1621 4560 t
10 I f
(n)1989 4560 w
10 CW f
(\255)2047 4560 w
10 R f
(means from page)2 687 1 2132 4560 t
10 I f
(n)2844 4560 w
10 R f
(to the end.)2 419 1 2919 4560 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 4680 w
10 R f
(Reverse the order of page printing \(currently not functional\).)8 2425 1 1563 4680 t
10 CW f
(\255x)1080 4800 w
10 I f
(v)1233 4800 w
10 R f
(Set the horizontal offset of the print image, measured in inches.)10 2535 1 1563 4800 t
10 CW f
(\255y)1080 4920 w
10 I f
(v)1233 4920 w
10 R f
(Set the vertical offset of the print image, measured in inches.)10 2429 1 1563 4920 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 5088 t
10 CW f
(eqn paper | troff \255ms | lp \255dsafari)7 2100 1 1080 5208 t
10 R f
(Typeset and print a paper containing equations.)6 1894 1 1440 5328 t
10 CW f
(pr \255l100 file | lp \255l100 \255fCW.8)6 1860 1 1080 5496 t
10 R f
(Print a file in a small font at 100 lines per page.)11 1898 1 1440 5616 t
10 CW f
(lp \255dstdout /dev/windows/3/window > doc.ps)4 2520 1 1080 5784 t
10 R f
(Convert a bitmap to a postscript file.)6 1463 1 1440 5904 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6072 t
10 I f
(lp)1080 6192 w
10 R f
(\(8\))1166 6192 w
10 I f
(A Guide to the Lp Printer Spooler,)6 1386 1 1080 6312 t
10 R f
(P. Glick,)1 353 1 2491 6312 t
10 I f
(Unix Programmer's Manual,)2 1168 1 2869 6312 t
10 R f
(Tenth Edition, Volume 2.)3 1025 1 4062 6312 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6480 t
10 R f
( user can kill any job.)5 915( Any)1 233( options work with all output devices.)6 1574(Not all)1 285 4 1080 6600 t
10 I f
(Lp)4148 6600 w
10 R f
(will accept jobs from BSD)4 1110 1 4290 6600 t
(style lpdaemons but cannot send jobs to such systems.)8 2169 1 1080 6720 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 87)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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114 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( LS)1 4283(LS \( 1 \))3 257 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(ls, lc)1 189 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1294 1080 w
10 R f
(list contents of directory)3 974 1 1384 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(ls)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255dlnpqrstu)1283 1368 w
10 R f
(])1908 1368 w
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1966 1368 t
10 CW f
(lc)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1225 1536 w
10 CW f
(\255dlnpqrstu)1283 1536 w
10 R f
(])1908 1536 w
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1966 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 R f
( directory argument,)2 814(For each)1 346 2 1080 1824 t
10 I f
(ls)2266 1824 w
10 R f
(lists the contents of the directory; for each file argument,)9 2277 1 2359 1824 t
10 I f
(ls)4662 1824 w
10 R f
(repeats its name)2 645 1 4755 1824 t
( By)1 187( no argument is given, the current directory is listed.)9 2269( When)1 308(and any other information requested.)4 1556 4 1080 1944 t
(default, the output is sorted alphabetically by name.)7 2067 1 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(Lc)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(is the same as)3 552 1 1205 2232 t
10 I f
(ls,)1782 2232 w
10 R f
(but sets the)2 450 1 1899 2232 t
10 CW f
(\255p)2374 2232 w
10 R f
(option and pipes the output through)5 1425 1 2519 2232 t
10 I f
(mc)3969 2232 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)4093 2232 w
(There are a number of options:)5 1233 1 1080 2400 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 2568 w
10 R f
(If argument is a directory, list it, not its contents.)9 1949 1 1440 2568 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1080 2736 w
10 R f
( \(e.g., for devices, the)4 888(List in long format, giving mode \(see below\), file system type)10 2526 2 1440 2736 t
10 CW f
(#)4885 2736 w
10 R f
(code letter)1 424 1 4976 2736 t
( it; see)2 285(that names)1 443 2 1440 2856 t
10 I f
(Intro)2205 2856 w
10 R f
(\(4\)\), the instance or subdevice number, owner, group, size in bytes, and)11 2987 1 2413 2856 t
(time of last modification for each file.)6 1517 1 1440 2976 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 3144 w
10 R f
(Don't sort the listing.)3 856 1 1440 3144 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 3312 w
10 R f
(Print only the final path element of each file name.)9 2030 1 1440 3312 t
10 CW f
(\255q)1080 3480 w
10 R f
(List the)1 303 1 1440 3480 t
10 I f
(qid)1768 3480 w
10 R f
(\(see)1921 3480 w
10 I f
(stat)2106 3480 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) of each file.)3 647 1 2259 3480 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 3648 w
10 R f
(Reverse the order of sort.)4 1011 1 1440 3648 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 3816 w
10 R f
(Give size in Kbytes for each entry.)6 1388 1 1440 3816 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 3984 w
10 R f
(Sort by time modified \(latest first\) instead of by name.)9 2176 1 1440 3984 t
10 CW f
(\255u)1080 4152 w
10 R f
(Under)1440 4152 w
10 CW f
(\255t)1714 4152 w
10 R f
(sort by time of last access; under)6 1309 1 1859 4152 t
10 CW f
(\255l)3193 4152 w
10 R f
(print time of last access.)4 968 1 3338 4152 t
10 CW f
(\255F)1080 4320 w
10 R f
(Add the character)2 708 1 1440 4320 t
10 CW f
(/)2173 4320 w
10 R f
(after all directory names and the character)6 1677 1 2258 4320 t
10 CW f
(*)3960 4320 w
10 R f
(after all executable files.)3 980 1 4045 4320 t
(The mode printed under the)4 1109 1 1080 4488 t
10 CW f
(\255l)2214 4488 w
10 R f
(option contains 11 characters, interpreted as follows: the first character is)10 2924 1 2359 4488 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 4656 w
10 R f
(if the entry is a directory;)5 1012 1 1440 4656 t
10 CW f
(a)1080 4776 w
10 R f
(if the entry is an append\255only file;)6 1359 1 1440 4776 t
10 CW f
(\255)1080 4896 w
10 R f
(if the entry is a plain file.)6 1007 1 1440 4896 t
(The next letter is)3 674 1 1080 5064 t
10 CW f
(l)1779 5064 w
10 R f
(if the file is exclusive access \(one writer or reader at a time\).)12 2412 1 1864 5064 t
( first set refers to owner permis\255)6 1334( The)1 214( characters are interpreted as three sets of three bits each.)10 2362(The last 9)2 410 4 1080 5232 t
( each set)2 355( Within)1 334( last to all others.)4 710(sions; the next to permissions to others in the same user\255group; and the)12 2921 4 1080 5352 t
( execute the file as a program.)6 1253(the three characters indicate permission respectively to read, to write, or to)11 3067 2 1080 5472 t
( permission is interpreted to mean permission to search the directory for a speci\255)13 3286(For a directory, `execute')3 1034 2 1080 5592 t
( permissions are indicated as follows:)5 1501( The)1 205(fied file.)1 338 3 1080 5712 t
10 CW f
(r)1080 5880 w
10 R f
(if the file is readable;)4 848 1 1230 5880 t
10 CW f
(w)1080 6000 w
10 R f
(if the file is writable;)4 838 1 1230 6000 t
10 CW f
(x)1080 6120 w
10 R f
(if the file is executable;)4 937 1 1230 6120 t
10 CW f
(\255)1080 6240 w
10 R f
(if none of the above permissions is granted.)7 1742 1 1230 6240 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6408 t
10 I f
(stat)1080 6528 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1233 6528 w
10 I f
(mc)1374 6528 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1498 6528 w
( 88)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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115 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( MAIL)1 4145(MAIL \( 1 \))3 395 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(mail, edmail, sendmail, seemail, aliasmail, smtp, smtpd, uk2uk, vwhois, vismon)9 3201 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4306 1080 w
10 R f
(mail commands)1 636 1 4421 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(mail)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 I f
(arg ...)1 239 1 1403 1368 t
10 R f
(])1667 1368 w
10 CW f
(upas/edmail)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1765 1536 w
10 CW f
(\255cmpre)1823 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2208 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255[fF])2324 1536 w
10 I f
(mfile)2649 1536 w
10 R f
(])2874 1536 w
10 CW f
(upas/sendmail)1080 1704 w
10 R f
([)1885 1704 w
10 CW f
(\255x#)1943 1704 w
10 R f
(])2148 1704 w
10 I f
(person ...)1 372 1 2206 1704 t
10 CW f
(seemail)1080 1872 w
10 R f
([)1525 1872 w
10 CW f
(\255as)1583 1872 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1788 1872 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1904 1872 w
10 I f
(file)2049 1872 w
10 R f
(])2202 1872 w
10 CW f
(upas/aliasmail)1080 2040 w
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1945 2040 t
10 CW f
(smtp)1080 2208 w
10 R f
([)1345 2208 w
10 CW f
(\255fdu)1403 2208 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1668 2208 t
10 CW f
(\255h)1784 2208 w
10 I f
(host)1912 2208 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2104 2208 t
10 I f
(.domain)2220 2208 w
10 R f
(])2570 2208 w
10 I f
(address sender rcpt\255list)2 944 1 2628 2208 t
10 CW f
(smtpd)1080 2376 w
10 R f
([)1405 2376 w
10 CW f
(\255d)1463 2376 w
10 R f
(])1608 2376 w
10 CW f
(uk2uk)1080 2544 w
10 I f
(system user)1 463 1 1405 2544 t
10 CW f
(vwhois)1080 2712 w
10 I f
(people ...)1 366 1 1465 2712 t
10 CW f
(vismon)1080 2880 w
10 I f
(system)1465 2880 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 3048 t
10 R f
( il l)2 32( ai)1 30(M Ma)1 135 3 870 3168 t
(Mail invokes)1 525 1 1080 3288 t
10 I f
(edmail)1630 3288 w
10 CW f
(\255m)1927 3288 w
10 R f
(when no)1 341 1 2072 3288 t
10 I f
(persons)2438 3288 w
10 R f
( invokes)1 336( It)1 111(appear on the command line.)4 1156 3 2774 3288 t
10 I f
(sendmail)4402 3288 w
10 R f
(otherwise.)4788 3288 w
( ng g)2 54( it ti in)3 112( di)1 30( Ed)1 52( E)1 88( bo ox x)3 106( il lb)2 82( ai)1 30(M Ma)1 135 9 870 3456 t
10 I f
(Edmail)1080 3576 w
10 R f
( default mailbox is)3 777( The)1 215(edits a mailbox.)2 656 3 1404 3576 t
10 CW f
(/mail/box/)3087 3576 w
10 I f
(username)3695 3576 w
10 CW f
(/mbox.)4091 3576 w
10 R f
(The)4512 3576 w
10 CW f
(\255f)4703 3576 w
10 R f
(and)4859 3576 w
10 CW f
(\255F)5039 3576 w
10 R f
(com\255)5195 3576 w
(mand line options and the)4 1061 1 1080 3696 t
10 CW f
(s)2173 3696 w
10 R f
(and)2265 3696 w
10 CW f
(S)2441 3696 w
10 R f
( path names)2 489( Unrooted)1 433( specify an alternate mailbox.)4 1202(editing commands)1 743 4 2533 3696 t
(are interpreted relative to)3 1011 1 1080 3816 t
10 CW f
(/mail/box/)2118 3816 w
10 I f
(username)2726 3816 w
10 R f
(for)3141 3816 w
10 CW f
(\255f)3284 3816 w
10 R f
(and)3431 3816 w
10 CW f
(s)3602 3816 w
10 R f
(and relative to the current directory for)6 1563 1 3689 3816 t
10 CW f
(\255F)5280 3816 w
10 R f
(and)1080 3936 w
10 CW f
(S)1249 3936 w
10 R f
( the)1 147(. If)1 141 2 1309 3936 t
10 I f
(mfile)1622 3936 w
10 R f
(argument is omitted, the name defaults to)6 1657 1 1847 3936 t
10 CW f
(stored.)3529 3936 w
10 R f
(The options for)2 616 1 1080 4104 t
10 I f
(edmail)1721 4104 w
10 R f
(are:)2018 4104 w
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 4272 w
10 R f
(Create a mailbox.)2 707 1 1440 4272 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 4392 w
10 R f
(Reverse: print mail in first\255in, first\255out order.)6 1798 1 1440 4392 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 4512 w
10 R f
(Print all the mail messages without prompting for commands.)8 2469 1 1440 4512 t
10 CW f
(\255m)1080 4632 w
10 R f
(Use a manual style of interface, that is, print no messages unless directed to.)13 3045 1 1440 4632 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 4752 w
10 I f
(mfile)1233 4752 w
10 R f
(Read messages from the specified file \(see above\) instead of the default mailbox.)12 3240 1 1440 4872 t
10 CW f
(\255F)1080 4992 w
10 I f
(mfile)1233 4992 w
10 R f
(same as)1 313 1 1440 5112 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1778 5112 w
10 R f
(with different starting point for relative paths \(see above\).)8 2309 1 1923 5112 t
10 CW f
(\255e)1080 5232 w
10 R f
(Check silently if there is anything in the mailbox; return zero \(true\) if so, non\255zero otherwise.)15 3730 1 1440 5232 t
10 I f
(Edmail)1080 5400 w
10 R f
( printing a prompt)3 725( After)1 260(prints messages one at a time, prompting between messages.)8 2419 3 1394 5400 t
10 I f
(edmail)4823 5400 w
10 R f
(reads a)1 280 1 5120 5400 t
( as in)2 223( Commands,)1 537( message.)1 394(line from the standard input to direct disposition of the)9 2248 4 1080 5520 t
10 I f
(ed)4513 5520 w
10 R f
(\(1\), are of the form)4 785 1 4615 5520 t
(`[)1080 5640 w
10 I f
(range)1154 5640 w
10 R f
(])1395 5640 w
10 I f
(command)1479 5640 w
10 R f
([)1918 5640 w
10 I f
(arguments)1959 5640 w
10 R f
( command is applied to each message in the \(optional\) range)10 2688(]'. The)1 323 2 2389 5640 t
(addressed by message number and/or regular expressions in the style of)10 3001 1 1080 5760 t
10 I f
(ed)4120 5760 w
10 R f
( regular expression in)3 901(\(1\). A)1 277 2 4222 5760 t
( lines; an expression in percent signs searches on message con\255)10 2597(slashes searches among header \(postmark\))4 1723 2 1080 5880 t
(tent.)1080 6000 w
10 I f
(address)1080 6168 w
10 R f
(to indicate a single message header)5 1405 1 1872 6168 t
10 I f
(address)1080 6288 w
10 CW f
(,)1399 6288 w
10 I f
(address)1467 6288 w
10 R f
(to indicate a range of contiguous message headers)7 1998 1 1872 6288 t
10 CW f
(g/)1080 6408 w
10 I f
(expression)1208 6408 w
10 CW f
(/)1643 6408 w
10 R f
(to indicate all message headers matching the regular)7 2087 1 1872 6408 t
10 I f
(expression.)3984 6408 w
10 R f
(The commands are:)2 787 1 1080 6576 t
10 CW f
(b)1080 6696 w
10 R f
(Print the headers for the next ten messages.)7 1730 1 1872 6696 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 6816 w
10 R f
(Mark message to be deleted upon exiting)6 1642 1 1872 6816 t
10 I f
(edmail.)3539 6816 w
10 CW f
(h)1080 6936 w
10 R f
(Print the disposition, size in characters, and header line of the message.)11 2845 1 1872 6936 t
10 CW f
(m)1080 7056 w
10 I f
(person ...)1 372 1 1173 7056 t
10 R f
(Mail the message to the named)5 1240 1 1872 7056 t
10 I f
(persons.)3137 7056 w
10 CW f
(M)1080 7176 w
10 I f
(person ...)1 372 1 1173 7176 t
10 R f
(Same as)1 337 1 1872 7176 t
10 CW f
(m)2241 7176 w
10 R f
(except that lines typed on the terminal \(terminated by)8 2192 1 2333 7176 t
10 CW f
(EOT)4557 7176 w
10 R f
(\) are prefixed to)3 663 1 4737 7176 t
(the message.)1 510 1 1872 7296 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 89)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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116 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( MAIL)1 4145(MAIL \( 1 \))3 395 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(p)1080 960 w
10 R f
( interrupt stops the printing.)4 1114( An)1 259(Print message.)1 583 3 1872 960 t
10 CW f
(r)1080 1080 w
10 R f
(Reply to the sender of the message.)6 1417 1 1872 1080 t
10 CW f
(R)1080 1200 w
10 R f
(Like)1872 1200 w
10 CW f
(r)2080 1200 w
10 R f
(but with the message appended to the reply.)7 1753 1 2165 1200 t
10 CW f
(s)1080 1320 w
10 I f
(mfile)1173 1320 w
10 R f
(\(Save\) Append the message to the specified mailbox \(see above\).)9 2605 1 1872 1320 t
10 CW f
(S)1080 1440 w
10 I f
(mfile)1173 1440 w
10 R f
(Same as)1 330 1 1872 1440 t
10 CW f
(s)2227 1440 w
10 R f
(with different starting point for relative paths \(see above\).)8 2309 1 2312 1440 t
10 CW f
(q)1080 1560 w
10 R f
(Put undeleted mail back in the mailbox and stop.)8 1952 1 1872 1560 t
( as)1 108( Same)1 341(EOT \(control\255D\))1 673 3 1080 1680 t
10 CW f
(q)2227 1680 w
10 R f
(.)2287 1680 w
10 CW f
(w)1080 1800 w
10 I f
(file)1173 1800 w
10 R f
(Same as)1 330 1 1872 1800 t
10 CW f
(s)2227 1800 w
10 R f
(with the mail header line\(s\) stripped.)5 1470 1 2312 1800 t
10 CW f
(W)1080 1920 w
10 I f
(file)1173 1920 w
10 R f
(Same as)1 330 1 1872 1920 t
10 CW f
(w)2227 1920 w
10 R f
(with different starting point for relative paths \(see above\).)8 2309 1 2312 1920 t
10 CW f
(u)1080 2040 w
10 R f
(Remove mark for deletion.)3 1076 1 1872 2040 t
10 CW f
(x)1080 2160 w
10 R f
(Exit, without changing the mailbox file.)5 1597 1 1872 2160 t
10 CW f
(?)1080 2280 w
10 R f
(Print a command summary.)3 1105 1 1872 2280 t
10 CW f
(|)1080 2400 w
10 I f
(command)1148 2400 w
10 R f
(Run the)1 314 1 1872 2400 t
10 I f
(command)2211 2400 w
10 R f
(with the message as standard input.)5 1415 1 2624 2400 t
10 CW f
(!)1080 2520 w
10 I f
(command)1148 2520 w
10 R f
(Escape to the shell to do)5 974 1 1872 2520 t
10 I f
(command.)2871 2520 w
10 CW f
(=)1080 2640 w
10 R f
(Print the number of the current message.)6 1622 1 1872 2640 t
( il l)2 32( ai)1 30( Ma)1 46( M)1 116( ng g)2 54( in)1 52( nd di)2 82( en)1 52(S Se)1 102 9 870 2808 t
10 I f
(Sendmail)1080 2928 w
10 R f
( to each)2 316(takes the standard input up to an end\255of\255file and adds it)10 2222 2 1479 2928 t
10 I f
(person's)4045 2928 w
10 R f
( running)1 339(mailbox. When)1 644 2 4417 2928 t
(in an)1 200 1 1080 3048 t
10 I f
(8\275)1308 3048 w
10 R f
(\(1\) window,)1 491 1 1441 3048 t
10 I f
(sendmail)1960 3048 w
10 R f
( the window into Hold mode \(see)6 1344(automatically puts)1 739 2 2349 3048 t
10 I f
(8\275)4459 3048 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\); this means that)3 808 1 4592 3048 t
( because nothing will be sent to)6 1296(previous lines of the message can be edited freely,)8 2049 2 1080 3168 t
10 I f
(sendmail)4456 3168 w
10 R f
(until the ESC)2 552 1 4848 3168 t
( option)1 285( With)1 254(key is hit to exit Hold mode.)6 1172 3 1080 3288 t
10 CW f
(\255#)2820 3288 w
10 R f
(,)2940 3288 w
10 I f
(sendmail)2994 3288 w
10 R f
(does not send mail, but instead reports what com\255)8 2016 1 3384 3288 t
( option)1 282( With)1 251( to send the mail.)4 690(mand would be used)3 824 4 1080 3408 t
10 CW f
(\255x)3153 3408 w
10 R f
(,)3273 3408 w
10 I f
(sendmail)3324 3408 w
10 R f
(does not send mail, but instead reports the)7 1689 1 3711 3408 t
(full mail address of the recipient.)5 1320 1 1080 3528 t
( that look like postmarks)4 1005( Lines)1 276( with the sender's name and date.)6 1357(The message is automatically postmarked)4 1682 4 1080 3696 t
(are prefixed with)2 681 1 1080 3816 t
10 CW f
(>)1786 3816 w
10 R f
(.)1846 3816 w
10 I f
(Person)1080 3984 w
10 R f
(is a login name on the local system, a name for which there is an)14 2582 1 1388 3984 t
10 I f
(alias)3995 3984 w
10 R f
(, or a network mail address.)5 1106 1 4198 3984 t
( s)1 2( on ns)2 93( ti io)2 82( nt)1 30( en)1 52( on nv ve)3 150( Co)1 52( C)1 94( ng g)2 54( in)1 52( ss si)2 71( es)1 41( re)1 46( dd dr)2 87(A Ad)1 124 15 870 4152 t
( rewrite rules in)3 656(The local convention for converting addresses is given by)8 2371 2 1080 4272 t
10 CW f
(/mail/lib/rewrite)4141 4272 w
10 R f
(. The)1 239 1 5161 4272 t
(conventions generally used are:)3 1261 1 1080 4392 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 4560 w
10 R f
(A)1440 4560 w
10 I f
(person)1538 4560 w
10 R f
(containing no)1 548 1 1836 4560 t
10 CW f
(!)2410 4560 w
10 R f
(or)2496 4560 w
10 CW f
(@)2605 4560 w
10 R f
( is passed as an argument)5 1022( It)1 113( user or local alias.)4 759(is considered a local)3 815 4 2691 4560 t
(to)1440 4680 w
10 I f
(aliasmail)1550 4680 w
10 R f
(which returns either the expanded alias or)6 1710 1 1955 4680 t
10 CW f
(local!)3697 4680 w
10 I f
(person)4065 4680 w
10 R f
( no alias of that)4 640(if there is)2 391 2 4369 4680 t
(name.)1440 4800 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 4968 w
10 R f
(A canonical network mail address has the form)7 1952 1 1440 4968 t
10 I f
(machine)3427 4968 w
10 CW f
(!)3773 4968 w
10 I f
(...)3841 4968 w
10 CW f
(!)3924 4968 w
10 I f
(name,)3992 4968 w
10 R f
(with one or more machines)4 1131 1 4269 4968 t
(mentioned.)1440 5088 w
( il l)2 32( ai)1 30( ma)1 46( sm)1 80( as)1 41( li ia)2 76(A Al)1 102 7 870 5256 t
10 I f
(Aliasmail)1080 5376 w
10 R f
( an alias file begins with)5 984( line of)2 285( Each)1 250(expands mail aliases, its arguments, according to alias files.)8 2391 4 1490 5376 t
10 CW f
(#)1080 5496 w
10 R f
( expansion may contain)3 976( The)1 216( rest of a name line gives the expansion.)8 1688( The)1 216(\(comment\) or with a name.)4 1128 5 1176 5496 t
( are separated by)3 684( Items)1 276( by appending a backslash.)4 1089(multiple addresses and may be continued to another line)8 2271 4 1080 5616 t
(white space.)1 493 1 1080 5736 t
( file)1 174(In expanding a name, the sender's personal alias)7 2039 2 1080 5904 t
10 CW f
(/mail/box/)3334 5904 w
10 I f
(username)3942 5904 w
10 CW f
(/names)4338 5904 w
10 R f
(is checked first.)2 661 1 4739 5904 t
( system alias files, listed one per line in)8 1614(Then the)1 358 2 1080 6024 t
10 CW f
(/mail/lib/namefiles)3082 6024 w
10 R f
( the)1 152( If)1 121(, are checked in order.)4 905 3 4222 6024 t
(name is not found, the expansion is taken to be)9 1876 1 1080 6144 t
10 CW f
(local!)2981 6144 w
10 I f
(name.)3349 6144 w
10 R f
( s)1 2( es)1 41( bo ox xe)3 150( il lb)2 82( ai)1 30(M Ma)1 135 6 870 6312 t
(Incoming mail for a user)4 1015 1 1080 6432 t
10 I f
(username)2127 6432 w
10 R f
(is put in the file)4 656 1 2547 6432 t
10 CW f
(/mail/box/)3235 6432 w
10 I f
(username)3843 6432 w
10 CW f
(/mbox)4239 6432 w
10 R f
( file)1 166(unless either the)2 663 2 4571 6432 t
10 CW f
(/mail/box/)1080 6552 w
10 I f
(username)1688 6552 w
10 CW f
(/forward)2084 6552 w
10 R f
(or)2591 6552 w
10 CW f
(/mail/box/)2701 6552 w
10 I f
(username)3309 6552 w
10 CW f
(/pipeto)3705 6552 w
10 R f
( mailbox must have)3 789(exists. The)1 459 2 4152 6552 t
(append\255only and exclusive\255access mode \(see)4 1805 1 1080 6672 t
10 I f
(chmod)2914 6672 w
10 R f
( user must create his or her own mailbox using)9 1912(\(1\)\). A)1 300 2 3188 6672 t
(the)1080 6792 w
10 CW f
(\255c)1227 6792 w
10 R f
(option of)1 364 1 1372 6792 t
10 I f
(edmail)1761 6792 w
10 R f
( are created writable \(append\255only\) but not readable by others.)9 2487(. Mailboxes)1 497 2 2041 6792 t
( ng g)2 54( in)1 52( di)1 30( rd)1 52( ar)1 35( wa)1 46( rw)1 74( or)1 35(F Fo)1 108 9 870 6960 t
(If the file)2 389 1 1080 7080 t
10 CW f
(/mail/box/)1503 7080 w
10 I f
(username)2111 7080 w
10 CW f
(/forward)2507 7080 w
10 R f
( be)1 129(exists and is readable by everyone, incoming mail will)8 2250 2 3021 7080 t
( file may contain multiple addresses.)5 1500( The)1 212( contained in the first line of the file.)8 1518(forwarded to the addresses)3 1090 4 1080 7200 t
( 90)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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117 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( MAIL)1 4145(MAIL \( 1 \))3 395 3 720 480 t
(Forwarding loops are caught and resolved by local delivery.)8 2398 1 1080 960 t
( ng g)2 54( in)1 52( ri)1 30( er)1 35( il lt te)3 106(F Fi)1 86 6 870 1128 t
( file)1 164(If the)1 218 2 1080 1248 t
10 CW f
(/mail/box/)1493 1248 w
10 I f
(username)2101 1248 w
10 CW f
(/pipeto)2497 1248 w
10 R f
(exists and is readable and executable by everyone, it will be)10 2452 1 2948 1248 t
( will be piped to it rather than appended to his/her)10 1992( message)1 364( The)1 206(run for each incoming message for the user.)7 1758 4 1080 1368 t
( file is run as user)5 707( The)1 205(mail box.)1 378 3 1080 1488 t
10 CW f
(none)2395 1488 w
10 R f
(.)2635 1488 w
( c)1 2( sc)1 46( is)1 41(M Mi)1 119 4 870 1656 t
(The)1080 1776 w
10 I f
(seemail)1270 1776 w
10 R f
( reads a log)3 490( It)1 122(command notifies when a new message arrives in your mailbox.)9 2667 3 1611 1776 t
10 I f
(file)4926 1776 w
10 R f
(, default)1 338 1 5062 1776 t
10 CW f
(/sys/log/mail)1080 1896 w
10 R f
( where it is invoked, displaying the names)7 1703( runs continuously)2 747( It)1 115(, of incoming messages.)3 975 4 1860 1896 t
( The)1 209(and icons of senders of new messages.)6 1562 2 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(\255a)2880 2016 w
10 R f
( it to initialize by displaying all the faces in the)10 1927(flag causes)1 444 2 3029 2016 t
(log;)1080 2136 w
10 CW f
(\255s)1271 2136 w
10 R f
( than repeatedly displaying it.)4 1221(causes it to overwrite multiple appearances of the same face rather)10 2753 2 1426 2136 t
10 I f
(Vwhois)1080 2256 w
10 R f
(just displays in the)3 772 1 1408 2256 t
10 I f
(seemail)2213 2256 w
10 R f
(window the icons of)3 837 1 2551 2256 t
10 I f
(people. Vismon)1 624 1 3421 2256 t
10 R f
( of)1 117(is a version)2 471 2 4078 2256 t
10 I f
(seemail)4700 2256 w
10 R f
(that con\255)1 361 1 5039 2256 t
(nects to a remote Unix \(not Plan 9\) system to look for mail arriving there.)14 2944 1 1080 2376 t
10 I f
(Smtp)1080 2544 w
10 R f
(sends the mail message from standard input to the users)9 2381 1 1321 2544 t
10 I f
(rcpt\255list)3744 2544 w
10 R f
(on the host at network address)5 1297 1 4103 2544 t
10 I f
(address)1080 2664 w
10 R f
( the mail will contain the local sys\255)7 1416( return address of)3 704( The)1 208(using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.)5 1653 4 1419 2664 t
( the environment variable)3 1038(tem name from)2 618 2 1080 2784 t
10 I f
(sysname)2766 2784 w
10 R f
(and the user)2 492 1 3134 2784 t
10 I f
(sender)3656 2784 w
10 R f
(. If)1 146 1 3930 2784 t
10 I f
(.domain)4106 2784 w
10 R f
(is given, it is appended)4 939 1 4461 2784 t
( The)1 222(to the end of the system name.)6 1326 2 1080 2904 t
10 CW f
(\255u)2670 2904 w
10 R f
(option sends the mail in the standard Unix format instead of)10 2568 1 2832 2904 t
( The)1 206(RFC822 format.)1 657 2 1080 3024 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1969 3024 w
10 R f
( to the destination.)3 745(flag just prints out the converted message rather than sending it)10 2540 2 2115 3024 t
(The)1080 3144 w
10 CW f
(\255d)1260 3144 w
10 R f
(option turns on debugging output to standard error.)7 2043 1 1405 3144 t
10 I f
(Smtpd)1080 3312 w
10 R f
( input and output are the pro\255)6 1189( Standard)1 408(receives a message using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.)8 2445 3 1358 3312 t
( The)1 210(tocol connection.)1 693 2 1080 3432 t
10 CW f
(\255d)2013 3432 w
10 R f
(option turns on debugging output to standard error.)7 2078 1 2163 3432 t
10 I f
(Smtpd)4296 3432 w
10 R f
( a)1 73(is normally run by)3 751 2 4576 3432 t
(network listener such as)3 962 1 1080 3552 t
10 I f
(listen)2067 3552 w
10 R f
(\(8\).)2292 3552 w
10 CW f
(uk2uk)1080 3720 w
10 R f
( rules to turn a JANET style name into a domain style name, by flipping)14 2926(is used by the mail rewrite)5 1067 2 1407 3720 t
(all the components of)3 863 1 1080 3840 t
10 I f
(system,)1968 3840 w
10 R f
(appending !)1 474 1 2284 3840 t
10 I f
(user)2766 3840 w
10 R f
(to it, and writing the result to standard output.)8 1833 1 2963 3840 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 4008 t
10 CW f
(/sys/log/mail)1080 4128 w
10 R f
(mail log file)2 489 1 2580 4128 t
10 CW f
(/mail/box/*)1080 4248 w
10 R f
(mail directories)1 624 1 2580 4248 t
10 CW f
(/mail/box/*/mbox)1080 4368 w
10 R f
(mailbox files)1 525 1 2580 4368 t
10 CW f
(/mail/box/*/forward)1080 4488 w
10 R f
(forwarding address\(es\))1 916 1 2580 4488 t
10 CW f
(/mail/box/*/pipeto)1080 4608 w
10 R f
(mail filter)1 397 1 2580 4608 t
10 CW f
(/mail/box/*/L.reading)1080 4728 w
10 R f
(mutual exclusion lock for multiple mbox readers)6 1948 1 2580 4728 t
10 CW f
(/mail/box/*/L.mbox)1080 4848 w
10 R f
(mutual exclusion lock for altering mbox)5 1607 1 2580 4848 t
10 CW f
(/mail/box/*/dead.letter)1080 4968 w
10 R f
(unmailable text)1 619 1 2580 4968 t
10 CW f
(/mail/box/*/names)1080 5088 w
10 R f
(personal alias files)2 743 1 2580 5088 t
10 CW f
(/mail/lib/rewrite)1080 5208 w
10 R f
(rules for handling addresses)3 1117 1 2580 5208 t
10 CW f
(/mail/lib/namefiles)1080 5328 w
10 R f
(lists files to search for aliases in)6 1276 1 2580 5328 t
10 CW f
(/lib/face/48x48x?)1080 5448 w
10 R f
(directories of icons for)3 906 1 2580 5448 t
10 I f
(seemail)3511 5448 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5616 t
10 I f
(Edmail)1080 5736 w
10 R f
(truncates long headers for searching.)4 1465 1 1394 5736 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( MAN)1 4167(MAN \( 1 \))3 373 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(man, lookman)1 572 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1677 1080 w
10 R f
(print or find pages of this manual)6 1332 1 1767 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(man)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1343 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1724 1368 t
10 I f
(section section ...)2 691 1 1840 1368 t
10 R f
(])2556 1368 w
10 I f
(title ...)1 256 1 2614 1368 t
10 CW f
(lookman)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(key ...)1 232 1 1525 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Man)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(locates and prints pages of this manual named)7 1895 1 1296 1824 t
10 I f
(title)3224 1824 w
10 R f
(in the specified)2 626 1 3413 1824 t
10 I f
(sections)4072 1824 w
10 R f
(.)4402 1824 w
10 I f
(Title)4486 1824 w
10 R f
(is given in lower)3 696 1 4704 1824 t
(case. Each)1 447 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(section)1554 1944 w
10 R f
( no)1 126( If)1 117( for example, belong to chapter 2.)6 1353(is a number; pages marked \(2S\),)5 1302 4 1864 1944 t
10 I f
(section)4788 1944 w
10 R f
(is spec\255)1 303 1 5097 1944 t
( name from the)3 622( Any)1 227(ified, pages in all sections are printed.)6 1544 3 1080 2064 t
9 R f
(NAME)3501 2064 w
10 R f
(section at the top of the page will serve)8 1604 1 3796 2064 t
(as a)1 152 1 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(title)1257 2184 w
10 R f
(.)1421 2184 w
(The options are:)2 649 1 1080 2352 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 2520 w
10 R f
(Run)1440 2520 w
10 I f
(proof)1632 2520 w
10 R f
(\(1\) on the specified man pages.)5 1247 1 1857 2520 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 2688 w
10 R f
(Send the)1 347 1 1440 2688 t
10 I f
(troff)1812 2688 w
10 R f
(output to standard output.)3 1028 1 2010 2688 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 2856 w
10 R f
(\(Default\) Print the pages on the standard output using)8 2142 1 1440 2856 t
10 I f
(nroff)3607 2856 w
10 R f
(.)3810 2856 w
10 CW f
(Lookman)1080 3024 w
10 R f
( that contain all of the)5 899(prints the names of all manual sections)6 1578 2 1529 3024 t
10 I f
(key)4036 3024 w
10 R f
(words given on the command)4 1202 1 4198 3024 t
(line.)1080 3144 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3312 t
10 CW f
(/sys/man/?/*)1080 3432 w
10 I f
(troff)2760 3432 w
10 R f
(source for manual; this page is)5 1223 1 2958 3432 t
10 CW f
(/sys/man/1/man)4206 3432 w
(/sys/man/?/INDEX)1080 3552 w
10 R f
(indices searched to find pages corresponding to titles)7 2116 1 2760 3552 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/man/secindex)1080 3672 w
10 R f
(command to make an index for a given section)8 1869 1 2760 3672 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/man/lookman/index)1080 3792 w
10 R f
(index for)1 363 1 2760 3792 t
10 I f
(lookman)3148 3792 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3960 t
10 I f
(proof)1080 4080 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1305 4080 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4248 t
10 R f
(The manual was intended to be typeset; some detail is sacrificed on text terminals.)13 3290 1 1080 4368 t
(There is no automatic mechanism to keep the indices up to date.)11 2563 1 1080 4488 t
(Except for special cases, it doesn't recognize things that should be run through)12 3142 1 1080 4608 t
10 I f
(tbl)4247 4608 w
10 R f
(and/or)4378 4608 w
10 I f
(eqn)4658 4608 w
10 R f
(.)4810 4608 w
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( \( 1 \))3 140( MC)1 4244(MC \( 1 \))3 296 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(mc)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1227 1080 w
10 R f
(multicolumn print)1 726 1 1317 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(mc)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255)1283 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1368 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255)1484 1368 w
10 I f
(N)1552 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1644 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1760 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1905 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2021 1368 t
10 R f
(])2274 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Mc)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( into as many columns as will fit in)8 1470(splits the input)2 604 2 1239 1656 t
10 I f
(N)3346 1656 w
10 R f
( run in an)3 404( If)1 124(print positions.)1 609 3 3446 1656 t
10 I f
(8\275)4616 1656 w
10 R f
(\(1\) window, the)2 651 1 4749 1656 t
(default)1080 1776 w
10 I f
(N)1394 1776 w
10 R f
(is the number of blanks that will fit across the window; otherwise the default)13 3222 1 1498 1776 t
10 I f
(N)4757 1776 w
10 R f
( Under)1 310(is 80.)1 229 2 4861 1776 t
(option)1080 1896 w
10 CW f
(\255)1362 1896 w
10 R f
(each input line ending in a colon)6 1310 1 1448 1896 t
10 CW f
(:)2784 1896 w
10 R f
( output, multiple spaces are converted)5 1524( On)1 174( separately.)1 456(is printed)1 376 4 2870 1896 t
(to tabs; this is suppressed by option)6 1423 1 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(\255t)2528 2016 w
10 R f
(.)2648 2016 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2184 t
10 I f
(8\275)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1213 2304 w
10 I f
(pr)1379 2304 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1476 2304 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 93)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( MK)1 4239(MK \( 1 \))3 301 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(mk, membername)1 721 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1826 1080 w
10 R f
(maintain \(make\) related files)3 1150 1 1916 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(mk)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255f)1283 1368 w
10 I f
(mkfile)1428 1368 w
10 R f
( [)1 83(] ...)1 133 2 1697 1368 t
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1938 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2319 1368 t
10 I f
(target ...)1 339 1 2435 1368 t
10 R f
(])2799 1368 w
10 CW f
(membername)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(aggregate ...)1 505 1 1705 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Mk)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(uses the dependency rules specified in)5 1557 1 1238 1824 t
10 I f
(mkfile)2826 1824 w
10 R f
(to control the update \(usually by compilation\) of)7 1989 1 3101 1824 t
10 I f
(targets)5122 1824 w
10 R f
( The)1 208( source files upon which they depend.)6 1529(\(usually files\) from the)3 930 3 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(mkfile)3775 1944 w
10 R f
(\(default)4047 1944 w
10 CW f
(mkfile)4385 1944 w
10 R f
(\) contains a)2 466 1 4745 1944 t
10 I f
(rule)5239 1944 w
10 R f
( and an)2 294(for each target that identifies the files and other targets upon which it depends)13 3134 2 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(rc)4536 2064 w
10 R f
(\(1\) script, a)2 463 1 4627 2064 t
10 I f
(recipe)5118 2064 w
10 R f
(,)5375 2064 w
( is run if the target does not exist or if it is older than any of the files it)19 3015( script)1 259( The)1 217(to update the target.)3 829 4 1080 2184 t
(depends on.)1 491 1 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(Mkfile)1635 2304 w
10 R f
(may also contain)2 705 1 1929 2304 t
10 I f
(meta\255rules)2673 2304 w
10 R f
( no)1 140( If)1 131( actions for updating implicit targets.)5 1552(that define)1 438 4 3139 2304 t
10 I f
(target)1080 2424 w
10 R f
(is specified, the target of the first rule \(not meta\255rule\) in)10 2226 1 1344 2424 t
10 I f
(mkfile)3595 2424 w
10 R f
(is updated.)1 433 1 3864 2424 t
(The environment variable)2 1047 1 1080 2592 t
10 CW f
($NPROC)2160 2592 w
10 R f
( many targets may be updated simultaneously; Plan 9)8 2204(determines how)1 643 2 2553 2592 t
(sets)1080 2712 w
10 CW f
($NPROC)1255 2712 w
10 R f
(automatically to the number of CPUs on the current machine.)9 2458 1 1640 2712 t
(Options are:)1 491 1 1080 2880 t
10 CW f
(\255a)1080 3048 w
10 R f
( everything is updated.)3 910( Thus,)1 275(Assume all targets to be out of date.)7 1437 3 1560 3048 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 3168 w
10 R f
([)1200 3168 w
10 CW f
(egp)1233 3168 w
10 R f
( debugging output \()3 786(] Produce)1 474 2 1413 3168 t
10 CW f
(p)2673 3168 w
10 R f
(is for parsing,)2 552 1 2758 3168 t
10 CW f
(g)3335 3168 w
10 R f
(for graph building,)2 752 1 3420 3168 t
10 CW f
(e)4197 3168 w
10 R f
(for execution\).)1 587 1 4282 3168 t
10 CW f
(\255e)1080 3288 w
10 R f
(Explain why each target is made.)5 1325 1 1560 3288 t
10 CW f
(\255i)1080 3408 w
10 R f
(Force any missing intermediate targets to be made.)7 2036 1 1560 3408 t
10 CW f
(\255k)1080 3528 w
10 R f
(Do as much work as possible in the face of errors.)10 1998 1 1560 3528 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 3648 w
10 R f
(Print, but do not execute, the commands needed to update the targets.)11 2774 1 1560 3648 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 3768 w
10 R f
(Make the command line arguments sequentially rather than in parallel.)9 2823 1 1560 3768 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 3888 w
10 R f
(Touch \(update the modified date of\) file targets, without executing any recipes.)11 3163 1 1560 3888 t
10 CW f
(\255w)1080 4008 w
10 I f
(target1,target2,...)1208 4008 w
10 R f
(Pretend the modify time for each)5 1367 1 1560 4128 t
10 I f
(target)2962 4128 w
10 R f
(is the current time; useful in conjunction with)7 1894 1 3236 4128 t
10 CW f
(\255n)5166 4128 w
10 R f
(to)5322 4128 w
(learn what updates would be triggered by modifying the)8 2241 1 1560 4248 t
10 I f
(targets.)3826 4248 w
10 R f
(The)1080 4416 w
10 I f
(rc)1260 4416 w
10 R f
(\(1\) script)1 363 1 1351 4416 t
10 I f
(membername)1739 4416 w
10 R f
(extracts member names \(see `Aggregates' below\) from its arguments.)8 2779 1 2301 4416 t
( e)1 2( he)1 46(T Th)1 113 3 870 4584 t
10 CW f
(mkfile)1074 4584 w
10 R f
(A)1080 4704 w
10 I f
(mkfile)1180 4704 w
10 R f
(consists of)1 428 1 1452 4704 t
10 I f
(assignments)1908 4704 w
10 R f
(\(described under `Environment'\) and)3 1491 1 2425 4704 t
10 I f
(rules)3944 4704 w
10 R f
( contains)1 362( rule)1 183(. A)1 150 3 4152 4704 t
10 I f
(targets)4876 4704 w
10 R f
(and a)1 217 1 5183 4704 t
10 I f
(tail.)1080 4824 w
10 R f
( contains zero or more)4 896( tail)1 155( The)1 207(A target is a literal string and is normally a file name.)11 2158 4 1266 4824 t
10 I f
(prerequisites)4708 4824 w
10 R f
(and)5256 4824 w
(an optional)1 447 1 1080 4944 t
10 I f
(recipe,)1552 4944 w
10 R f
(which is an)2 455 1 1851 4944 t
10 CW f
(rc)2331 4944 w
10 R f
( rule takes)2 412( A)1 123( the recipe must begin with white space.)7 1610( line of)2 283(script. Each)1 496 5 2476 4944 t
(the form)1 341 1 1080 5064 t
10 CW f
(target: prereq1 prereq2)2 1380 1 1440 5232 t
(rc)1920 5352 w
10 I f
(recipe using)1 491 1 2100 5352 t
10 CW f
(prereq1, prereq2)1 960 1 2651 5352 t
10 I f
(to build)1 309 1 3671 5352 t
10 CW f
(target)4040 5352 w
10 R f
(When the recipe is executed, the first character on every line is elided.)12 2803 1 1080 5520 t
(After the colon on the target line, a rule may specify)10 2087 1 1080 5688 t
10 I f
(attributes)3192 5688 w
10 R f
(, described below.)2 726 1 3584 5688 t
(A)1080 5856 w
10 I f
(meta\255rule)1177 5856 w
10 R f
(has a target of the form)5 928 1 1590 5856 t
10 I f
(A)2543 5856 w
10 CW f
(%)2612 5856 w
10 I f
(B)2680 5856 w
10 R f
(where)2766 5856 w
10 I f
(A)3034 5856 w
10 R f
(and)3120 5856 w
10 I f
(B)3289 5856 w
10 R f
( a)1 70( meta\255rule acts as)3 695( A)1 122(are \(possibly empty\) strings.)3 1138 4 3375 5856 t
(rule for any potential target whose name matches)7 2042 1 1080 5976 t
10 I f
(A)3158 5976 w
10 CW f
(%)3227 5976 w
10 I f
(B)3295 5976 w
10 R f
(with)3392 5976 w
10 CW f
(%)3606 5976 w
10 R f
( an arbitrary string, called the)5 1225(replaced by)1 473 2 3702 5976 t
10 I f
(stem)1080 6096 w
10 R f
( of)1 112( interpreting a meta\255rule, the stem is substituted for all occurrences)10 2700(. In)1 161 3 1271 6096 t
10 CW f
(%)4273 6096 w
10 R f
(in the prerequisite names.)3 1038 1 4362 6096 t
( a meta\255rule, the environment variable)5 1574(In the recipe of)3 639 2 1080 6216 t
10 CW f
($stem)3328 6216 w
10 R f
(contains the string matched by the)5 1418 1 3663 6216 t
10 CW f
(%)5116 6216 w
10 R f
(. For)1 224 1 5176 6216 t
(example, a meta\255rule to compile a C program using)8 2055 1 1080 6336 t
10 I f
(2c)3160 6336 w
10 R f
(\(1\) might be:)2 522 1 3262 6336 t
10 CW f
(%.2: %.c)1 660 1 1440 6504 t
(2c $stem.c)1 600 1 1920 6624 t
(2l \255o $stem $stem.2)3 1140 1 1920 6744 t
10 R f
(Meta\255rules may contain an ampersand)4 1532 1 1080 6912 t
10 CW f
(&)2639 6912 w
10 R f
(rather than a percent sign)4 1016 1 2726 6912 t
10 CW f
(%)3769 6912 w
10 R f
(. A)1 149 1 3829 6912 t
10 CW f
(%)4005 6912 w
10 R f
( string)1 256(matches a maximal length)3 1052 2 4092 6912 t
(of any characters; an)3 827 1 1080 7032 t
10 CW f
(&)1932 7032 w
10 R f
(matches a maximal length string of any characters except period or slash.)11 2927 1 2017 7032 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( MK)1 4239(MK \( 1 \))3 301 3 720 480 t
(The text of the)3 588 1 1080 960 t
10 I f
(mkfile)1694 960 w
10 R f
( beginning with)2 632( Lines)1 274( as follows.)2 462(is processed)1 486 4 1964 960 t
10 CW f
(<)3845 960 w
10 R f
(followed by a file name are replaced)6 1468 1 3932 960 t
( run from unquoted)3 780( lines and comments, which)4 1125( Blank)1 292(by the contents of the named file.)6 1352 4 1080 1080 t
10 CW f
(#)4656 1080 w
10 R f
(characters to the)2 657 1 4743 1080 t
( in)1 104( character sequence backslash\255newline is deleted, so long lines)8 2502( The)1 205(following newline, are deleted.)3 1239 4 1080 1200 t
10 I f
(mkfile)5156 1200 w
10 R f
( processed by substituting for)4 1289( lines are)2 418( Non\255recipe)1 527(may be folded.)2 654 4 1080 1320 t
10 CW f
(`{)4021 1320 w
10 I f
(command)4149 1320 w
10 CW f
(})4545 1320 w
10 R f
(the output of the)3 742 1 4658 1320 t
10 I f
(command)1080 1440 w
10 R f
(when run by)2 505 1 1496 1440 t
10 I f
(rc.)2029 1440 w
10 R f
( characters)1 431( Special)1 347(References to variables are replaced by the variables' values.)8 2457 3 2165 1440 t
(may be quoted using single quotes)5 1380 1 1080 1560 t
10 CW f
('')2485 1560 w
10 R f
(as in)1 186 1 2630 1560 t
10 I f
(rc)2841 1560 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)2932 1560 w
(Assignments and rules are distinguished by the first unquoted occurrence of)10 3034 1 1080 1728 t
10 CW f
(:)4139 1728 w
10 R f
(\(rule\) or)1 329 1 4224 1728 t
10 CW f
(=)4578 1728 w
10 R f
(\(assignment\).)4663 1728 w
(A later rule may modify or override an existing rule under the following conditions:)13 3354 1 1080 1896 t
( no)1 137( the targets of the rules exactly match and one rule contains only a prerequisite clause and)16 3757(\255 If)1 426 3 1080 2064 t
( both targets are virtual,)4 951( either or)2 362( If)1 117(recipe, the clause is added to the prerequisites of the other rule.)11 2530 4 1440 2184 t
(the recipe is always executed.)4 1188 1 1440 2304 t
( do not match and both rules contain)7 1499( the targets of the rules match exactly and the prerequisites)10 2395(\255 If)1 426 3 1080 2472 t
(recipes,)1440 2592 w
10 I f
(mk)1772 2592 w
10 R f
(reports an ``ambiguous recipe'' error.)4 1503 1 1913 2592 t
( the target and prerequisites of both rules match exactly, the second rule overrides the first.)15 3623(\255 If)1 426 2 1080 2760 t
( t)1 2( nt)1 30( en)1 52( me)1 46( on nm)2 132( ro)1 52( ir)1 35( nv vi)2 82(E En)1 113 9 870 2928 t
( of)1 119(Rules may make use)3 854 2 1080 3048 t
10 CW f
(rc)2089 3048 w
10 R f
( legal reference of the form)5 1142( A)1 133(environment variables.)1 926 3 2245 3048 t
10 CW f
($OBJ)4482 3048 w
10 R f
(or)4758 3048 w
10 CW f
(${name})4877 3048 w
10 R f
(is)5333 3048 w
(expanded as in)2 623 1 1080 3168 t
10 I f
(rc)1743 3168 w
10 R f
( reference of the form)4 924(\(1\). A)1 277 2 1834 3168 t
10 CW f
(${name:)3074 3168 w
10 I f
(A)3502 3168 w
10 CW f
(%)3571 3168 w
10 I f
(B)3639 3168 w
10 CW f
(=)3708 3168 w
10 I f
(C)3776 3168 w
10 CW f
(%)3843 3168 w
10 I f
(D)3903 3168 w
10 CW f
(})3975 3168 w
10 R f
(, where)1 307 1 4035 3168 t
10 I f
(A, B, C, D)3 453 1 4381 3168 t
10 R f
(are \(possibly)1 527 1 4873 3168 t
( formed by expanding)3 909(empty\) strings, has the value)4 1182 2 1080 3288 t
10 CW f
($name)3206 3288 w
10 R f
(and substituting)1 647 1 3541 3288 t
10 I f
(C)4223 3288 w
10 R f
(for)4325 3288 w
10 I f
(A)4476 3288 w
10 R f
(and)4572 3288 w
10 I f
(D)4751 3288 w
10 R f
(for)4858 3288 w
10 I f
(B)5009 3288 w
10 R f
(in each)1 295 1 5105 3288 t
(word in)1 308 1 1080 3408 t
10 CW f
($name)1413 3408 w
10 R f
(that matches pattern)2 804 1 1738 3408 t
10 I f
(A)2567 3408 w
10 CW f
(%)2636 3408 w
10 I f
(B)2704 3408 w
10 CW f
(.)2773 3408 w
10 R f
(Variables can be set by assignments of the form)8 1913 1 1080 3576 t
10 I f
(var)1280 3696 w
10 CW f
(=)1413 3696 w
10 R f
([)1473 3696 w
10 I f
(attr)1506 3696 w
10 CW f
(=)1651 3696 w
10 R f
(])1711 3696 w
10 I f
(value)1744 3696 w
10 R f
(Blanks in the)2 544 1 1080 3816 t
10 I f
(value)1657 3816 w
10 R f
(break it into words, as in)5 1028 1 1906 3816 t
10 I f
(rc)2967 3816 w
10 R f
( variables)1 394( Such)1 259( the surrounding parentheses.)3 1197(but without)1 467 4 3083 3816 t
( as they are executed, unless)5 1175(are exported to the environment of recipes)6 1750 2 1080 3936 t
10 CW f
(U)4039 3936 w
10 R f
(, the only legal attribute)4 988 1 4099 3936 t
10 I f
(attr)5121 3936 w
10 R f
(, is)1 126 1 5274 3936 t
( is taken from \(in increasing order of precedence\) the default values)11 2755( initial value of a variable)5 1043(present. The)1 522 3 1080 4056 t
(below,)1080 4176 w
10 I f
(mk's)1377 4176 w
10 R f
(environment, the)1 680 1 1593 4176 t
10 I f
(mkfiles)2301 4176 w
10 R f
(, and any command line assignment as an argument to)9 2191 1 2592 4176 t
10 I f
(mk.)4811 4176 w
10 R f
(A variable)1 420 1 4980 4176 t
( variable)1 350( The)1 209( the first \(but not any subsequent\) assignment to that variable.)10 2507(assignment argument overrides)2 1254 4 1080 4296 t
10 CW f
(MKFLAGS)1080 4416 w
10 R f
( the option arguments \(arguments starting with)6 1883(contains all)1 461 2 1528 4416 t
10 CW f
(\255)3899 4416 w
10 R f
(or containing)1 532 1 3986 4416 t
10 CW f
(=)4545 4416 w
10 R f
(\) and)1 204 1 4605 4416 t
10 CW f
(MKARGS)4836 4416 w
10 R f
(con\255)5223 4416 w
(tains all the targets in the call to)7 1274 1 1080 4536 t
10 I f
(mk)2379 4536 w
10 R f
(.)2503 4536 w
(It is recommended that mkfiles start with)6 1643 1 1080 4704 t
10 CW f
(</$objtype/mkfile)1440 4872 w
10 R f
(to set)1 214 1 1080 5040 t
10 CW f
(CC)1319 5040 w
10 R f
(,)1439 5040 w
10 CW f
(LD)1489 5040 w
10 R f
(,)1609 5040 w
10 CW f
(RL)1660 5040 w
10 R f
(,)1780 5040 w
10 CW f
(AS)1831 5040 w
10 R f
(,)1951 5040 w
10 CW f
(O)2002 5040 w
10 R f
(,)2062 5040 w
10 CW f
(LEX)2113 5040 w
10 R f
(,)2293 5040 w
10 CW f
(YACC)2344 5040 w
10 R f
(, and)1 195 1 2584 5040 t
10 CW f
(MK)2805 5040 w
10 R f
(to values appropriate to the target architecture \(see the exam\255)9 2449 1 2951 5040 t
(ples below\).)1 488 1 1080 5160 t
( on n)2 54( ti io)2 82( ut)1 30( ec cu)2 98( xe)1 46(E Ex)1 113 6 870 5328 t
(During execution,)1 734 1 1080 5448 t
10 I f
(mk)1852 5448 w
10 R f
( be updated, and in what order, to build the)9 1843(determines which targets must)3 1257 2 2006 5448 t
10 I f
(names)5145 5448 w
10 R f
( then runs the associated recipes.)5 1308( It)1 111(specified on the command line.)4 1251 3 1080 5568 t
( is)1 100(A target is considered up to date if it has no prerequisites or if all its prerequisites are up to date and it)22 4220 2 1080 5736 t
( the recipe for a target has executed, the target is considered up to)13 2758( Once)1 271( its prerequisites.)2 702(newer than all)2 589 4 1080 5856 t
(date.)1080 5976 w
( different types of tar\255)4 895(The date stamp used to determine if a target is up to date is computed differently for)16 3425 2 1080 6144 t
( a target is)3 422(gets. If)1 305 2 1080 6264 t
10 I f
(virtual)1835 6264 w
10 R f
(\(the target of a rule with the)6 1132 1 2130 6264 t
10 CW f
(V)3290 6264 w
10 R f
(attribute\), its date stamp is initially zero; when the)8 2023 1 3377 6264 t
( if a tar\255)3 327( Otherwise,)1 488( its prerequisites.)2 686(target is updated the date stamp is set to the most recent date stamp of)14 2819 4 1080 6384 t
( stamp is set to the most recent date stamp of its prerequisites, or zero if it)16 2944(get does not exist as a file, its date)8 1376 2 1080 6504 t
( target's date stamp is always that)6 1396( the target is the name of a file and the)10 1600( Otherwise,)1 492(has no prerequisites.)2 832 4 1080 6624 t
( is computed when the target is needed in the execution of a rule; it)14 2693( date stamp)2 459( The)1 207(file's modification date.)2 961 4 1080 6744 t
(is not a static value.)4 791 1 1080 6864 t
( a)1 80( Such)1 261( are themselves prerequisites are treated specially.)6 2063(Nonexistent targets that have prerequisites and)5 1916 4 1080 7032 t
(target)1080 7152 w
10 I f
(t)1336 7152 w
10 R f
( the targets which have)4 932(is given the date stamp of its most recent prerequisite and if this causes all)14 3019 2 1393 7152 t
10 I f
(t)5372 7152 w
10 R f
( to be up to date,)5 711(as a prerequisite)2 664 2 1080 7272 t
10 I f
(t)2489 7272 w
10 R f
( Otherwise,)1 494(is considered up to date.)4 1004 2 2551 7272 t
10 I f
(t)4083 7272 w
10 R f
(is made in the normal fashion.)5 1255 1 4145 7272 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 95)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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122 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( MK)1 4239(MK \( 1 \))3 301 3 720 480 t
(The)1080 960 w
10 CW f
(\255i)1260 960 w
10 R f
(flag overrides this special treatment.)4 1450 1 1405 960 t
(Files may be made in any order that respects the preceding restrictions.)11 2839 1 1080 1128 t
(A recipe is executed by supplying the recipe as standard input to the command)13 3142 1 1080 1296 t
10 CW f
(/bin/rc \255e \255I)2 780 1 1560 1416 t
10 R f
(\(the)1080 1536 w
10 CW f
(\255e)1260 1536 w
10 R f
(is omitted if the)3 631 1 1405 1536 t
10 CW f
(E)2061 1536 w
10 R f
( environment is augmented by the following variables:)7 2184( The)1 205(attribute is set\).)2 619 3 2146 1536 t
10 CW f
($alltarget)1080 1704 w
10 R f
(all the targets of this rule.)5 1021 1 1780 1704 t
10 CW f
($newprereq)1080 1872 w
10 R f
(the prerequisites that caused this rule to execute.)7 1935 1 1780 1872 t
10 CW f
($nproc)1080 2040 w
10 R f
( satisfies 0)2 422( It)1 111(the process slot for this recipe.)5 1220 3 1780 2040 t
10 S f
(\243)3533 2040 w
10 CW f
($nproc)3588 2040 w
10 S f
(<)3948 2040 w
10 CW f
($NPROC)4003 2040 w
10 R f
(.)4363 2040 w
10 CW f
($pid)1080 2208 w
10 R f
(the process id for the)4 837 1 1780 2208 t
10 I f
(mk)2642 2208 w
10 R f
(executing the recipe.)2 828 1 2783 2208 t
10 CW f
($prereq)1080 2376 w
10 R f
(all the prerequisites for this rule.)5 1298 1 1780 2376 t
10 CW f
($stem)1080 2544 w
10 R f
(if this is a meta\255rule,)4 864 1 1780 2544 t
10 CW f
($stem)2679 2544 w
10 R f
( string that matched)3 824(is the)1 224 2 3014 2544 t
10 CW f
(%)4098 2544 w
10 R f
(or)4194 2544 w
10 CW f
(&)4313 2544 w
10 R f
( it is empty.)3 506(. Otherwise,)1 521 2 4373 2544 t
(For regular expression meta\255rules \(see below\), the variables)7 2416 1 1780 2664 t
10 CW f
(stem0)4225 2664 w
10 R f
(, ...,)1 153 1 4525 2664 t
10 CW f
(stem9)4706 2664 w
10 R f
(are set to)2 366 1 5034 2664 t
(the corresponding subexpressions.)2 1373 1 1780 2784 t
10 CW f
($target)1080 2952 w
10 R f
(the targets for this rule that need to be remade.)9 1857 1 1780 2952 t
(These variables are available only during the execution of a recipe, not while evaluating the)14 3661 1 1080 3120 t
10 I f
(mkfile.)4766 3120 w
10 R f
(Unless the rule has the)4 936 1 1080 3288 t
10 CW f
(Q)2049 3288 w
10 R f
( with recognizable environment)3 1294(attribute, the recipe is printed prior to execution)7 1964 2 2142 3288 t
( returning nonempty status \(see)4 1254( Commands)1 506(variables expanded.)1 792 3 1080 3408 t
10 I f
(intro)3657 3408 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\) cause)1 395 1 3860 3408 t
10 I f
(mk)4280 3408 w
10 R f
(to terminate.)1 505 1 4421 3408 t
(Recipes and backquoted)2 986 1 1080 3576 t
10 CW f
(rc)2099 3576 w
10 R f
( assignments execute in a copy of)6 1396(commands in places such as)4 1158 2 2252 3576 t
10 I f
(mk's)4840 3576 w
10 R f
(environ\255)5062 3576 w
(ment; changes they make to environment variables are not visible from)10 2840 1 1080 3696 t
10 I f
(mk.)3945 3696 w
10 R f
( read; variable substitution in the recipe is done when)9 2151(Variable substitution in a rule is done when the rule is)10 2169 2 1080 3864 t
( example:)1 391( For)1 189(the recipe is executed.)3 886 3 1080 3984 t
10 CW f
(bar=a.c)1440 4152 w
(foo: $bar)1 600 1 1440 4272 t
($CC \255o foo $bar)3 900 1 1920 4392 t
(bar=b.c)1440 4512 w
10 R f
(will compile)1 503 1 1080 4680 t
10 CW f
(b.c)1608 4680 w
10 R f
(into)1813 4680 w
10 CW f
(foo)1994 4680 w
10 R f
(, if)1 111 1 2174 4680 t
10 CW f
(a.c)2310 4680 w
10 R f
(is newer than)2 532 1 2515 4680 t
10 CW f
(foo)3072 4680 w
10 R f
(.)3252 4680 w
( s)1 2( es)1 41( te)1 46( at)1 30( ga)1 46( eg)1 52( re)1 46( gg gr)2 87(A Ag)1 124 9 870 4848 t
(Names of the form)3 751 1 1080 4968 t
10 I f
(a)1856 4968 w
10 R f
(\()1914 4968 w
10 I f
(b)1955 4968 w
10 R f
( to member)2 457(\) refer)1 245 2 2013 4968 t
10 I f
(b)2741 4968 w
10 R f
(of the aggregate)2 644 1 2817 4968 t
10 I f
(a)3487 4968 w
10 R f
( the only aggregates supported are)5 1371(. Currently,)1 484 2 3545 4968 t
10 I f
(ar)1080 5088 w
10 R f
(\(1\) archives.)1 498 1 1177 5088 t
( s)1 2( es)1 41( te)1 46( bu ut)2 82( ib)1 52( ri)1 30( tt tr)2 65(A At)1 102 8 870 5256 t
( may be immediately followed by)5 1441(The colon separating the target from the prerequisites)7 2263 2 1080 5376 t
10 I f
(attributes)4828 5376 w
10 R f
(and)5256 5376 w
( attributes are:)2 571( The)1 205(another colon.)1 571 3 1080 5496 t
10 CW f
(<)1080 5664 w
10 R f
(The standard output of the recipe is read by)8 1735 1 1440 5664 t
10 I f
(mk)3200 5664 w
10 R f
(as an additional)2 627 1 3341 5664 t
10 I f
(mkfile.)3993 5664 w
10 CW f
(D)1080 5784 w
10 R f
(If the recipe exits with a non\255null status, the target is deleted.)11 2438 1 1440 5784 t
10 CW f
(E)1080 5904 w
10 R f
(Continue execution if the recipe draws errors.)6 1826 1 1440 5904 t
10 CW f
(N)1080 6024 w
10 R f
(If there is no recipe, the target has its time updated.)10 2046 1 1440 6024 t
10 CW f
(n)1080 6144 w
10 R f
( files match the pattern in the)6 1189( Only)1 254( rule.)1 209(The rule is a meta\255rule that cannot be a target of a virtual)12 2308 4 1440 6144 t
(target.)1440 6264 w
10 CW f
(P)1080 6384 w
10 R f
(The characters after the)3 946 1 1440 6384 t
10 CW f
(P)2414 6384 w
10 R f
(until the terminating)2 823 1 2502 6384 t
10 CW f
(:)3353 6384 w
10 R f
( will be invoked)3 659( It)1 115( program name.)2 637(are taken as a)3 548 4 3441 6384 t
(as)1440 6504 w
10 CW f
(rc \255c prog 'arg1' 'arg2')4 1444 1 1549 6504 t
10 R f
(and should return a null exit status if and only if arg1 is not)13 2381 1 3019 6504 t
( stamps are still propagated in the normal way.)8 1867( Date)1 238(out of date with respect to arg2.)6 1267 3 1440 6624 t
10 CW f
(Q)1080 6744 w
10 R f
(The recipe is not printed prior to execution.)7 1736 1 1440 6744 t
10 CW f
(R)1080 6864 w
10 R f
( the rule,)2 360( In)1 137(The rule is a meta\255rule using regular expressions.)7 1996 3 1440 6864 t
10 CW f
(%)3963 6864 w
10 R f
( tar\255)1 168( The)1 210(has no special meaning.)3 969 3 4053 6864 t
( expression as defined in)4 1019(get is interpreted as a regular)5 1200 2 1440 6984 t
10 I f
(regexp)3692 6984 w
10 R f
( prerequisites may contain)3 1075(\(6\). The)1 354 2 3971 6984 t
(references to subexpressions in form)4 1463 1 1440 7104 t
10 CW f
(\\)2928 7104 w
10 I f
(n,)2996 7104 w
10 R f
(as in the)2 333 1 3096 7104 t
10 I f
(source)3454 7104 w
10 R f
(argument to)1 480 1 3745 7104 t
10 I f
(regsub)4250 7104 w
10 R f
(\(see)4547 7104 w
10 I f
(regexp)4732 7104 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\).)5011 7104 w
( 96)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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123 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( MK)1 4239(MK \( 1 \))3 301 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(U)1080 960 w
10 R f
(The targets are considered to have been updated even if the recipe did not do so.)15 3203 1 1440 960 t
10 CW f
(V)1080 1080 w
10 R f
( are distinct from files of the same name.)8 1633( They)1 255(The targets of this rule are marked as virtual.)8 1793 3 1440 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 1248 t
10 R f
(A simple mkfile to compile a program:)6 1560 1 1080 1368 t
10 CW f
(</$objtype/mkfile)1440 1536 w
( b.$O c.$O)2 600(prog: a.$O)1 640 2 1440 1776 t
($LD $CFLAGS \255o $target $prereq)4 1800 1 1840 1896 t
(%.$O: %.c)1 580 1 1440 2136 t
($CC $stem.c)1 660 1 1840 2256 t
10 R f
(Override flag settings in the mkfile:)5 1429 1 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(% mk target 'CFLAGS=\255O \255s')4 1560 1 1440 2592 t
10 R f
(To get the prerequisites for an aggregate:)6 1640 1 1080 2760 t
10 CW f
(% membername 'libc.a\(read.2\)' 'libc.a\(write.2\)')3 2820 1 1440 2928 t
(read.2 write.2)1 840 1 1440 3048 t
10 R f
(Maintain a library:)2 749 1 1080 3216 t
10 CW f
(libc.a\(%.$O\):N: %.$O)1 1440 1 1440 3384 t
( libc.a\(access.$O\) libc.a\(alarm.$O\) ...)3 2340(libc.a: libc.a\(abs.$O\))1 1640 2 1440 3504 t
(names=`{membername $newprereq})1 1800 1 1840 3624 t
(ar r libc.a $names && $RL libc.a && rm $names)9 2700 1 1840 3744 t
10 R f
(String expression variables to derive names from a master list:)9 2494 1 1080 3912 t
10 CW f
(NAMES=alloc arc bquote builtins expand main match mk var word)9 3660 1 1440 4080 t
(OBJ=${NAMES:%=%.$O})1440 4200 w
10 R f
(Regular expression meta\255rules:)2 1242 1 1080 4368 t
10 CW f
(\([^/]*\)/\(.*\)\\.o:R: \\1/\\2.c)1 1620 1 1440 4536 t
(cd $stem1; $CC $CFLAGS $stem2.c)4 1860 1 1840 4656 t
10 R f
(A correct way to deal with)5 1131 1 1080 4824 t
10 I f
(yacc)2250 4824 w
10 R f
( file)1 172( The)1 219(\(1\) grammars.)1 579 3 2440 4824 t
10 CW f
(lex.c)3449 4824 w
10 R f
(includes the file)2 668 1 3788 4824 t
10 CW f
(x.tab.h)4496 4824 w
10 R f
(rather than)1 444 1 4956 4824 t
10 CW f
(y.tab.h)1080 4944 w
10 R f
(in order to reflect changes in content, not just modification time.)10 2575 1 1525 4944 t
10 CW f
(lex.o: x.tab.h)1 820 1 1440 5112 t
(x.tab.h: y.tab.h)1 1220 1 1440 5232 t
(cmp \255s x.tab.h y.tab.h || cp y.tab.h x.tab.h)7 2640 1 1840 5352 t
( gram.y)1 600(y.tab.c y.tab.h:)1 960 2 1440 5472 t
($YACC \255d gram.y)2 900 1 1840 5592 t
10 R f
(The above example could also use the)6 1519 1 1080 5760 t
10 CW f
(P)2624 5760 w
10 R f
(attribute for the)2 621 1 2709 5760 t
10 CW f
(x.tab.h)3355 5760 w
10 R f
(rule:)3800 5760 w
10 CW f
( y.tab.h)1 660(x.tab.h:Pcmp \255s:)1 960 2 1440 5928 t
(cp y.tab.h x.tab.h)2 1080 1 1840 6048 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6216 t
10 I f
(rc)1080 6336 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1171 6336 w
10 I f
(regexp)1337 6336 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1616 6336 w
(A. Hume, `)2 449 1 1080 6456 t
10 I f
(Mk)1537 6456 w
10 R f
(: a Successor to)3 624 1 1672 6456 t
10 I f
(Make)2321 6456 w
10 R f
(', Unix Research System Programmer's Manual, Volume 2)7 2366 1 2550 6456 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6624 t
10 R f
(Identical recipes for regular expression meta\255rules only have one target.)9 2864 1 1080 6744 t
(Seemingly appropriate input like)3 1364 1 1080 6864 t
10 CW f
(CFLAGS=\255DHZ=60)2486 6864 w
10 R f
( an erroneous attribute; correct it by)6 1538(is parsed as)2 494 2 3368 6864 t
(inserting a space after the first)5 1205 1 1080 6984 t
10 CW f
(=)2310 6984 w
10 R f
(.)2370 6984 w
(The recipes printed by)3 904 1 1080 7104 t
10 I f
(mk)2012 7104 w
10 R f
(before being passed to)3 907 1 2156 7104 t
10 I f
(rc)3092 7104 w
10 R f
(for execution are sometimes erroneously expanded for)6 2196 1 3204 7104 t
( trust what's printed; rely on what)6 1354(printing. Don't)1 625 2 1080 7224 t
10 I f
(rc)3084 7224 w
10 R f
(does.)3192 7224 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 97)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( MKDIR)1 4067(MKDIR \( 1 \))3 473 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(mkdir)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1344 1080 w
10 R f
(make a directory)2 670 1 1434 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(mkdir)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(dirname ...)1 433 1 1405 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Mkdir)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( requires write permission in the parent directory.)7 1974( It)1 111(creates specified directories.)2 1132 3 1349 1656 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1824 t
10 I f
(rm)1080 1944 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1199 1944 w
10 I f
(cd)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(in)1199 2064 w
10 I f
(rc)1302 2064 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1393 2064 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2232 t
10 I f
(Mkdir)1080 2352 w
10 R f
( it prints a diagnostic and)5 1023( Otherwise)1 463( all directories were successfully made.)5 1583(returns null exit status if)4 980 4 1351 2352 t
(returns)1080 2472 w
10 CW f
("error")1382 2472 w
10 R f
(status.)1827 2472 w
( 98)1 125( Page)1 2089( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( MOVIE)1 4073(MOVIE \( 1 \))3 467 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(movie)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1355 1080 w
10 R f
(algorithm animation)1 814 1 1445 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(movie)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255d)1463 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1608 1368 t
10 I f
(files ...)1 267 1 1724 1368 t
10 R f
(])2016 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Movie)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( if the)2 259( Or,)1 193( script' into an internal representation, then displays it in a window.)11 2843(converts a `movie)2 739 4 1366 1656 t
( The)1 216( the internal representation format, the conversion step is skipped.)9 2731(input file is already in)4 925 3 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255d)4988 1776 w
10 R f
(option)5144 1776 w
( a file with the same name as the input file, with the suffix)13 2338(says to leave the internal representation around in)7 1982 2 1080 1896 t
( replaced by)2 501(\(if any\))1 304 2 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(.i)1917 2016 w
10 R f
( more than one file name is)6 1129( If)1 123( no file names are given, standard input is used.)9 1963(. If)1 148 4 2037 2016 t
(given, they are each animated in turn.)6 1502 1 1080 2136 t
( movie; button 2 adjusts view sizes and selects clicks; button 3 sets various)13 3139(Button 1 stops and starts the)5 1181 2 1080 2304 t
( `new file' option on the button 3 menu prompts for another file to display; that file must)17 3647(parameters. The)1 673 2 1080 2424 t
(be in internal representation format.)4 1433 1 1080 2544 t
( s)1 2( ts)1 41( pt)1 30( ip)1 52( ri)1 30( cr)1 35( sc)1 46( s)1 82( e)1 2( ie)1 46( ov vi)2 82(M Mo)1 141 12 870 2712 t
( no)1 129( If)1 120( each presented as a rectangular sub\255window.)6 1832(A movie consists of multiple independent views,)6 1970 4 1080 2832 t
10 CW f
(view)5160 2832 w
10 R f
(statements appear, there is a single implicit view)7 2068 1 1080 2952 t
10 CW f
(def.view)3190 2952 w
10 R f
( text or geometrical object may be)6 1466(. Any)1 264 2 3670 2952 t
( recurring label erases the pre\255)5 1219( A)1 124( to views.)2 390( and coordinates are local)4 1023( Labels)1 317(labeled with a name and colon.)5 1247 6 1080 3072 t
(vious object with that label.)4 1108 1 1080 3192 t
(Comments follow #; blank lines are ignored.)6 1785 1 1080 3360 t
10 CW f
(text)1080 3528 w
10 I f
(options x y string)3 692 1 1345 3528 t
10 R f
( one of)2 299( options:)1 384(Text is centered and medium size by default;)7 1871 3 1440 3648 t
10 CW f
( rjust above)2 674(center ljust)1 696 2 4030 3648 t
(below)1440 3768 w
10 R f
(, and one of)3 477 1 1740 3768 t
10 CW f
(small medium big bigbig)3 1281 1 2244 3768 t
10 R f
( is stripped from)3 661( leading quote)2 570(. A)1 149 3 3525 3768 t
10 I f
(string)4931 3768 w
10 R f
(, as is)2 227 1 5173 3768 t
(a trailing quote if a leading one is present.)8 1678 1 1440 3888 t
10 CW f
(line)1080 4008 w
10 I f
(options x1 y1 x2 y2)4 771 1 1345 4008 t
10 R f
( one of)2 299( options:)1 383(Lines are solid by default;)4 1083 3 1440 4128 t
10 CW f
(fat fatfat dotted dashed)3 1368 1 3241 4128 t
10 R f
(and one of)2 443 1 4645 4128 t
10 CW f
(\255> <\255)1 276 1 5124 4128 t
(<\255>)1440 4248 w
10 R f
(.)1620 4248 w
10 CW f
(box)1080 4368 w
10 I f
(options xmin ymin xmax ymax)4 1203 1 1285 4368 t
10 R f
(A box may be)3 563 1 1440 4488 t
10 CW f
(fill)2028 4488 w
10 R f
(ed.)2268 4488 w
10 CW f
(circle)1080 4608 w
10 I f
(options x1 y1 radius)3 814 1 1465 4608 t
10 R f
(Radius is measured in the)4 1027 1 1440 4728 t
10 I f
(x)2492 4728 w
10 R f
( circle may be)3 562(dimension. A)1 564 2 2561 4728 t
10 CW f
(fill)3712 4728 w
10 R f
(ed.)3952 4728 w
10 CW f
(erase)1080 4848 w
10 I f
(label)1413 4848 w
10 R f
(Erase an object explicitly.)3 1037 1 1440 4968 t
10 CW f
(clear)1080 5088 w
10 R f
(Erase all objects currently in the current view.)7 1840 1 1440 5088 t
10 CW f
(click)1080 5208 w
10 I f
(optional\255name)1413 5208 w
10 R f
( the intermediate with this name; clicks are used to control stepping in a movie or)15 3330(Place a mark in)3 630 2 1440 5328 t
(to define frames for a set of stills.)7 1342 1 1440 5448 t
10 CW f
(view)1080 5568 w
10 I f
(name)1353 5568 w
10 R f
(Associate subsequent objects with this view, until changed again.)8 2614 1 1440 5688 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 5856 t
10 R f
(All files are in)3 574 1 1080 5976 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/movie/$objtype)1679 5976 w
10 I f
(.)3067 5976 w
10 CW f
(fdevelop)1080 6144 w
10 R f
(Converts scripts to internal format.)4 1396 1 1680 6144 t
10 CW f
(anim)1080 6264 w
10 R f
(Displays one file in internal format.)5 1426 1 1680 6264 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6432 t
10 R f
(J. L. Bentley and B. W. Kernighan, `A System for Algorithm Animation',)11 3088 1 1080 6552 t
10 I f
(Unix Programmer's Manual,)2 1194 1 4206 6552 t
10 R f
(Tenth Edition, Volume 2)3 1000 1 1080 6672 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2072(Page 99)1 319 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( NETSTAT)1 3956(NETSTAT \( 1 \))3 584 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(netstat)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1366 1080 w
10 R f
(summarize network connections)2 1292 1 1456 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(netstat)1080 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Netstat)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(prints information about network connections. For)5 2050 1 1396 1656 t
10 I f
(Datakit)3478 1656 w
10 R f
(connections)3810 1656 w
10 I f
(netstat)4320 1656 w
10 R f
(reports the connec\255)2 780 1 4620 1656 t
( For)1 189( of the remote machine.)4 945(tion number, the local user, the connection state, the service, and the address)12 3067 3 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(IP)5306 1776 w
10 R f
(connections)1080 1896 w
10 I f
(netstat)1603 1896 w
10 R f
(reports the connection number, user, connection state, local port, remote port and)11 3483 1 1917 1896 t
(remote address.)1 636 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(Netstat)1776 2016 w
10 R f
( the network databases to print symbolic)6 1669(looks up port numbers and addresses in)6 1636 2 2095 2016 t
(names if possible.)2 719 1 1080 2136 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2304 t
10 CW f
(/net/*/*)1080 2424 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2592 t
10 I f
(dkconfig)1080 2712 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1432 2712 w
10 I f
(ipconfig)1598 2712 w
10 R f
(\(8\))1934 2712 w
( 100)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( NEWS)1 4117(NEWS \( 1 \))3 423 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(news)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1310 1080 w
10 R f
(print news items)2 661 1 1400 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(news)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255a)1403 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1548 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1664 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1809 1368 t
10 I f
(item ...)1 272 1 1925 1368 t
10 R f
(])2222 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
( options, this simple local news service prints files that have appeared in)12 3332(When invoked without)2 988 2 1080 1656 t
10 CW f
(/lib/news)1080 1776 w
10 R f
( time)1 209( The)1 211( preceded by an appropriate header.)5 1452(since last reading, most recent first, with each)7 1876 4 1652 1776 t
( options are)2 466( The)1 205(of reading is recorded.)3 897 3 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(\255a)1080 2064 w
10 R f
( recorded time is not changed.)5 1203( The)1 205(Print all items, regardless of currency.)5 1522 3 1440 2064 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 2232 w
10 R f
( the)1 159(Report the names of the current items without printing their contents, and without changing)13 3801 2 1440 2232 t
(recorded time.)1 576 1 1440 2352 t
(Other arguments select particular news items.)5 1824 1 1080 2520 t
(To post a news item, create a file in)8 1422 1 1080 2688 t
10 CW f
(/lib/news)2527 2688 w
10 R f
(.)3067 2688 w
( mail address in)3 882(You may arrange to receive news automatically by registering your)9 3438 2 1080 2856 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/subscribers)1080 2976 w
10 R f
( daemon mails sends recent news to all addresses on the list.)11 2408(. A)1 147 2 2280 2976 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3144 t
10 CW f
(/lib/news/*)1080 3264 w
10 R f
(articles)2400 3264 w
10 CW f
($HOME/lib/newstime)1080 3384 w
10 R f
(modify times is time of last read news)7 1524 1 2400 3384 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/subscribers)1080 3504 w
10 R f
(who gets news mailed to them)5 1213 1 2400 3504 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 101)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( NM)1 4239(NM \( 1 \))3 301 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(nm)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1233 1080 w
10 R f
(name list \(symbol table\))3 969 1 1323 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(nm)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255aghnsu)1283 1368 w
10 R f
(])1728 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1786 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Nm)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( executable or object)3 849(prints the name list of each)5 1109 2 1250 1656 t
10 I f
(file)3240 1656 w
10 R f
( the)1 154( If)1 123(in the argument list.)3 821 3 3400 1656 t
10 I f
(file)4530 1656 w
10 R f
(is an archive \(see)3 710 1 4690 1656 t
10 I f
(ar)1080 1776 w
10 R f
( than one file is given in the argument list,)9 1688( more)1 231( If)1 117(\(1\)\), the name list of each file in the archive is printed.)11 2187 4 1177 1776 t
(the name of each file is printed at the beginning of each line.)12 2420 1 1080 1896 t
(Each symbol name is preceded by its hexadecimal value \(blanks if undefined\) and one of the letters)16 3975 1 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(T)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(text segment symbol)2 828 1 1440 2232 t
10 CW f
(t)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(static text segment symbol)3 1064 1 1440 2352 t
10 CW f
(L)1080 2472 w
10 R f
(leaf function text segment symbol)4 1360 1 1440 2472 t
10 CW f
(l)1080 2592 w
10 R f
(static leaf function text segment symbol)5 1596 1 1440 2592 t
10 CW f
(D)1080 2712 w
10 R f
(data segment symbol)2 844 1 1440 2712 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 2832 w
10 R f
(static data segment symbol)3 1080 1 1440 2832 t
10 CW f
(B)1080 2952 w
10 R f
(bss segment symbol)2 806 1 1440 2952 t
10 CW f
(b)1080 3072 w
10 R f
(static bss segment symbol)3 1042 1 1440 3072 t
10 CW f
(a)1080 3192 w
10 R f
(automatic \(local\) variable symbol)3 1345 1 1440 3192 t
10 CW f
(p)1080 3312 w
10 R f
(function parameter symbol)2 1076 1 1440 3312 t
10 CW f
(z)1080 3432 w
10 R f
(source file name)2 659 1 1440 3432 t
10 CW f
(Z)1080 3552 w
10 R f
(source file line offset)3 845 1 1440 3552 t
10 CW f
(f)1080 3672 w
10 R f
(source file name components)3 1167 1 1440 3672 t
(The output is sorted alphabetically.)4 1407 1 1080 3840 t
(Options are:)1 491 1 1080 4008 t
10 CW f
(\255a)1080 4176 w
10 R f
(Print all symbols; normally only user\255defined text, data, and bss segment symbols are printed.)13 3753 1 1440 4176 t
10 CW f
(\255g)1080 4344 w
10 R f
(Print only global \()3 731 1 1440 4344 t
10 CW f
(T)2171 4344 w
10 R f
(,)2231 4344 w
10 CW f
(L)2281 4344 w
10 R f
(,)2341 4344 w
10 CW f
(D)2391 4344 w
10 R f
(,)2451 4344 w
10 CW f
(B)2501 4344 w
10 R f
(\) symbols.)1 417 1 2561 4344 t
10 CW f
(\255h)1080 4512 w
10 R f
(Do not print file name headers with output lines.)8 1940 1 1440 4512 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 4680 w
10 R f
(Sort according to the address of the symbols.)7 1798 1 1440 4680 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 4848 w
10 R f
(Don't sort; print in symbol\255table order.)5 1560 1 1440 4848 t
10 CW f
(\255u)1080 5016 w
10 R f
(Print only undefined symbols.)3 1206 1 1440 5016 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5184 t
10 I f
(ar)1080 5304 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1177 5304 w
10 I f
(2l)1343 5304 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1429 5304 w
10 I f
(db)1595 5304 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1703 5304 w
( 102)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( P)1 4344(P \( 1 \))3 196 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(p)1080 1080 w
10 S f
(-)1155 1080 w
10 R f
(paginate)1235 1080 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(p)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1165 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255)1223 1368 w
10 I f
(number)1291 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1621 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1737 1368 t
10 R f
(])1990 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(P)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( to its standard output, stopping at the end of every)10 2089(copies its standard input, or the named files if given,)9 2140 2 1171 1656 t
( \(for)1 178( page size may be set by saying)7 1291( The)1 210(22nd line, and between files, to wait for a newline from the user.)12 2641 4 1080 1776 t
(example\))1080 1896 w
10 CW f
(p \25560)1 300 1 1440 2064 t
10 R f
(While waiting for a newline,)4 1145 1 1080 2232 t
10 I f
(p)2250 2232 w
10 R f
(interprets the commands:)2 1010 1 2325 2232 t
10 CW f
(!)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(Pass the rest of the line to the shell as a command.)11 2009 1 1440 2400 t
10 CW f
(q)1080 2568 w
10 R f
(Quit.)1440 2568 w
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 2736 t
10 R f
(passwd, typepasswd, netkey)2 1126 1 1080 2856 t
10 S f
(-)2231 2856 w
10 R f
(change login password)2 915 1 2311 2856 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 3024 t
10 CW f
(passwd)1080 3144 w
(aux/typepasswd)1080 3312 w
(aux/netkey)1080 3480 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 3648 t
10 I f
(Passwd)1080 3768 w
10 R f
( prompts for the old password and then for the new)10 2131( program)1 371( The)1 213(changes your Plan 9 password.)4 1266 4 1419 3768 t
( New)1 251( be typed twice, to forestall mistakes.)6 1565( new password must)3 855( The)1 219( caller must supply both.)4 1042(one. The)1 388 6 1080 3888 t
( limited)1 313(passwords must be at least five characters long and be sufficiently hard to guess; passwords are not)16 4007 2 1080 4008 t
( each)1 211( Since)1 276( successful, the key in the encryption device is changed.)9 2273( the command is)3 673( If)1 121(to eight characters.)2 766 6 1080 4128 t
( For)1 194( separate encryption device, keys in other name space groups are not updated.)12 3163(name space group has a)4 963 3 1080 4248 t
( correct the problem, reboot or run)6 1377( To)1 161( the new password.)3 765(example, other windows will not have)5 1531 4 1080 4368 t
10 I f
(typepasswd)4939 4368 w
10 R f
(in the other windows.)3 866 1 1080 4488 t
10 I f
(Typepasswd)1080 4656 w
10 R f
(changes the key in the user's encryption device without changing the Plan 9 password.)13 3461 1 1594 4656 t
10 I f
(Netkey)1080 4824 w
10 R f
( is a substitute for a SecureNet box.)7 1420( It)1 111(uses the password to encrypt network challenges.)6 1971 3 1376 4824 t
( should be run only on a terminal; otherwise the password will be transmitted over a net\255)16 3620(These commands)1 700 2 1080 4992 t
(work in clear text.)3 726 1 1080 5112 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 5280 t
10 CW f
(/dev/key)1080 5400 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5568 t
10 I f
(encrypt)1080 5688 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1387 5688 w
10 I f
(cons)1553 5688 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1744 5688 w
10 I f
(securenet)1910 5688 w
10 R f
(\(8\))2300 5688 w
(Robert Morris and Ken Thompson, `UNIX password security,')7 2536 1 1080 5856 t
10 I f
(AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal)4 1756 1 3644 5856 t
10 R f
(63 \(1984\) 1649\2551672)2 849 1 1080 5976 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 103)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( PCC)1 4210(PCC \( 1 \))3 330 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(pcc)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1243 1080 w
10 R f
(APE C compiler driver)3 924 1 1333 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(pcc)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1343 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1724 1368 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1840 1368 t
10 R f
(])2181 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Pcc)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( files)1 202( Named)1 343(compiles and loads C programs, using APE \(ANSI C/POSIX\) include files and libraries.)12 3596 3 1259 1656 t
(ending with)1 480 1 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(.c)1590 1776 w
10 R f
(are preprocessed with)2 879 1 1740 1776 t
10 I f
(cpp)2649 1776 w
10 R f
(\(1\), then compiled with one of the compilers described in)9 2327 1 2801 1776 t
10 I f
(2c)5157 1776 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)5259 1776 w
(as specified by the environment variable)5 1676 1 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
($objtype)2794 1896 w
10 R f
( object files are then loaded using one of the)9 1883(. The)1 243 2 3274 1896 t
(loaders described in)2 798 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(2l)1903 2016 w
10 R f
( options are:)2 494(\(1\). The)1 346 2 1989 2016 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 2184 w
10 I f
(out)1233 2184 w
10 R f
(Place loader output in file)4 1032 1 1691 2184 t
10 I f
(out)2748 2184 w
10 R f
(instead of the default)3 840 1 2901 2184 t
10 CW f
(2.out)3766 2184 w
10 R f
(,)4066 2184 w
10 CW f
(v.out)4116 2184 w
10 R f
(, etc.)1 191 1 4416 2184 t
10 CW f
(\255P)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(Omit the compilation and loading phases; leave the result of preprocessing)10 3195 1 1691 2352 t
10 I f
(name)4932 2352 w
10 CW f
(.c)5156 2352 w
10 R f
(in)5322 2352 w
10 I f
(name)1691 2472 w
10 CW f
(.i.)1915 2472 w
(\255c)1080 2640 w
10 R f
(Omit the loading phase.)3 955 1 1691 2640 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 2808 w
10 R f
(Insert profiling code into the executable output.)6 1900 1 1691 2808 t
10 CW f
(\255w)1080 2976 w
10 R f
(Print compiler warning messages.)3 1354 1 1691 2976 t
10 CW f
(\255B)1080 3144 w
10 R f
(Don't complain about functions used without ANSI function prototypes.)8 2901 1 1691 3144 t
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 3312 w
10 R f
(Echo the preprocessing, compiling, and loading commands before they are executed.)10 3390 1 1691 3312 t
10 CW f
(\255D)1080 3480 w
10 I f
(name=def)1208 3480 w
10 CW f
(\255D)1080 3600 w
10 I f
(name)1208 3600 w
10 R f
(Define the)1 420 1 1691 3600 t
10 I f
(name)2138 3600 w
10 R f
(to the preprocessor, as if by)5 1118 1 2381 3600 t
10 CW f
(#define)3527 3600 w
10 R f
( no definition is given, the name)6 1309(. If)1 144 2 3947 3600 t
(is defined as)2 499 1 1691 3720 t
10 CW f
(1)2215 3720 w
10 R f
(.)2275 3720 w
10 CW f
(\255U)1080 3888 w
10 I f
(name)1208 3888 w
10 R f
(Undefine the)1 518 1 1691 3888 t
10 I f
(name)2234 3888 w
10 R f
(to the preprocessor, as if by)5 1103 1 2475 3888 t
10 CW f
(#undef)3603 3888 w
10 R f
(.)3963 3888 w
10 CW f
(\255I)1080 4056 w
10 I f
(dir)1208 4056 w
10 CW f
(#include)1691 4056 w
10 R f
(files whose names do not begin with)6 1496 1 2202 4056 t
10 CW f
(/)3730 4056 w
10 R f
(are always sought first in the directory)6 1578 1 3822 4056 t
(of the)1 311 1 1691 4176 t
10 I f
(file)2108 4176 w
10 R f
(argument, then in directories named in)5 1947 1 2342 4176 t
10 CW f
(\255I)4395 4176 w
10 R f
(options, then in)2 780 1 4620 4176 t
10 CW f
(/$objtype/include/ape)1691 4296 w
10 I f
(.)2959 4296 w
10 CW f
(\255N)1080 4464 w
10 R f
(Don't optimize compiled code.)3 1243 1 1691 4464 t
10 CW f
(\255S)1080 4632 w
10 R f
(Print an assembly language version of the object code on standard output.)11 2946 1 1691 4632 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 4800 w
10 I f
(name)1208 4800 w
10 R f
( in structure or union)4 854(Print on standard output a listing of the fields)8 1835 2 1691 4800 t
10 I f
(name)4409 4800 w
10 R f
(together with their)2 746 1 4654 4800 t
( can be used in conjunction with the debugger \(see)9 2066( This)1 233(offsets and some type information.)4 1410 3 1691 4920 t
10 I f
(db)1691 5040 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\).)1799 5040 w
( the include files and library routines specified in the ANSI C standard)12 2830(The APE environment contains all of)5 1490 2 1080 5208 t
( the IEEE Portable Operating System Interface standard)7 2406(\(X3.159\2551989\), as well as those specified in)6 1914 2 1080 5328 t
( order to access the POSIX routines, source programs should define)10 2723( In)1 135( ISO 9945\2551\).)2 556(\(POSIX, 1003.1\2551990,)1 906 4 1080 5448 t
(the preprocessor constant)2 1014 1 1080 5568 t
10 CW f
(_POSIX_SOURCE)2119 5568 w
10 R f
(.)2899 5568 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 5736 t
10 CW f
(/sys/include/ape)1080 5856 w
10 R f
(system area for machine\255independent)3 1493 1 2700 5856 t
10 CW f
(#include)4218 5856 w
10 R f
(directives.)4723 5856 w
10 CW f
(/$objtype/include/ape)1080 5976 w
10 R f
(system area for machine\255dependent)3 1415 1 2700 5976 t
10 CW f
(#include)4140 5976 w
10 R f
(directives.)4645 5976 w
10 CW f
(/$objtype/lib/ape/libap.a)1080 6096 w
10 R f
(ANSI C/POSIX library.)2 958 1 2700 6096 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6264 t
10 I f
(cpp)1080 6384 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1232 6384 w
10 I f
(2c)1398 6384 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1500 6384 w
10 I f
(2a)1666 6384 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1774 6384 w
10 I f
(2l)1940 6384 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2026 6384 w
10 I f
(rl)2192 6384 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2267 6384 w
10 I f
(mk)2433 6384 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2557 6384 w
10 I f
(nm)2723 6384 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2853 6384 w
10 I f
(db)3019 6384 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)3127 6384 w
10 I f
(prof)3293 6384 w
10 R f
(\(1\))3468 6384 w
(Howard Trickey,)1 681 1 1080 6552 t
10 I f
(``APE)1786 6552 w
10 S1 f
(\320)2060 6552 w
10 I f
(The ANSI/POSIX Environment'')2 1298 1 2185 6552 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6720 t
10 R f
( functions and terminal characteristic handlers are)6 2055( Signal)1 317(The locale manipulation functions are minimal.)5 1948 3 1080 6840 t
(only minimally implemented.)2 1213 1 1080 6960 t
10 I f
(Link)2356 6960 w
10 R f
( because Plan 9 doesn't support multiple links to a file.)10 2316(always fails,)1 512 2 2572 6960 t
(The functions related to setting effective user and group ids cannot be implemented because the concept)15 4320 1 1080 7080 t
(doesn't exist in Plan 9.)4 914 1 1080 7200 t
( 104)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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131 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( PIC)1 4244(PIC \( 1 \))3 296 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(pic, tpic)1 322 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1427 1080 w
10 R f
(troff and tex preprocessors for drawing pictures)6 1900 1 1517 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(pic)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 I f
(files)1343 1368 w
10 R f
(])1535 1368 w
10 CW f
(tpic)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1345 1536 w
10 I f
(files)1403 1536 w
10 R f
(])1595 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Pic)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(is a)1 142 1 1244 1824 t
10 I f
(troff)1417 1824 w
10 R f
( a typesetter.)2 521(\(1\) preprocessor for drawing figures on)5 1600 2 1598 1824 t
10 I f
(Pic)3776 1824 w
10 R f
(code is contained between)3 1071 1 3941 1824 t
10 CW f
(.PS)5044 1824 w
10 R f
(and)5256 1824 w
10 CW f
(.PE)1080 1944 w
10 R f
(lines:)1285 1944 w
10 CW f
(.PS)1440 2112 w
10 I f
(optional\255width optional\255height)1 1267 1 1680 2112 t
(element\255list)1440 2232 w
10 CW f
(.PE)1440 2352 w
10 R f
(or in a file mentioned in a)6 1032 1 1080 2520 t
10 CW f
(.PS)2137 2520 w
10 R f
(line:)2342 2520 w
10 CW f
(.PS)1440 2688 w
10 I f
(optional\255width optional\255height)1 1232 1 1653 2688 t
10 CW f
(<)2918 2688 w
10 I f
(file)2986 2688 w
10 R f
(If)1080 2856 w
10 I f
(optional\255width)1176 2856 w
10 R f
( wide, regardless of any dimensions used)6 1675(is present, the picture is made that many inches)8 1929 2 1796 2856 t
( height is scaled in the same proportion unless)8 1931(internally. The)1 624 2 1080 2976 t
10 I f
(optional\255height)3671 2976 w
10 R f
( If)1 126(is present.)1 415 2 4324 2976 t
10 CW f
(.PF)4900 2976 w
10 R f
(is used)1 285 1 5115 2976 t
(instead of)1 391 1 1080 3096 t
10 CW f
(.PE)1496 3096 w
10 R f
(, the typesetting position after printing is restored to what it was upon entry.)13 3034 1 1676 3096 t
(An)1080 3264 w
10 I f
(element\255list)1227 3264 w
10 R f
(is a list of elements:)4 800 1 1718 3264 t
10 I f
(primitive attribute\255list)1 912 1 1440 3384 t
(placename)1440 3504 w
10 CW f
(:)1932 3504 w
10 I f
(element)2052 3504 w
(placename)1440 3624 w
10 CW f
(:)1932 3624 w
10 I f
(position)2052 3624 w
(var)1440 3744 w
10 CW f
(=)1633 3744 w
10 I f
(expr)1753 3744 w
(direction)1440 3864 w
10 CW f
({)1440 3984 w
10 I f
(element\255list)1560 3984 w
10 CW f
(})2086 3984 w
([)1440 4104 w
10 I f
(element\255list)1560 4104 w
10 CW f
(])2086 4104 w
(for)1440 4224 w
10 I f
(var)1680 4224 w
10 CW f
(=)1873 4224 w
10 I f
(expr)1993 4224 w
10 CW f
(to)2230 4224 w
10 I f
(expr)2410 4224 w
10 CW f
(by)2647 4224 w
10 I f
(expr)2827 4224 w
10 CW f
(do {)1 240 1 3064 4224 t
10 I f
(anything)3364 4224 w
10 CW f
(})3774 4224 w
(if)1440 4344 w
10 I f
(expr)1620 4344 w
10 CW f
(then {)1 360 1 1857 4344 t
10 I f
(anything)2277 4344 w
10 CW f
(} else {)2 480 1 2687 4344 t
10 I f
(anything)3227 4344 w
10 CW f
(})3637 4344 w
(copy)1440 4464 w
10 I f
(file,)1740 4464 w
10 CW f
(copy thru)1 540 1 2013 4464 t
10 I f
(macro,)2613 4464 w
10 CW f
(copy)3013 4464 w
10 I f
(file)3313 4464 w
10 CW f
(thru)3501 4464 w
10 I f
(macro)3801 4464 w
10 CW f
(sh {)1 240 1 1440 4584 t
10 I f
(commandline)1740 4584 w
10 CW f
(})2338 4584 w
(print)1440 4704 w
10 I f
(expr)1800 4704 w
10 CW f
(reset)1440 4824 w
10 I f
(optional var\255list)1 648 1 1800 4824 t
(troff\255command)1440 4944 w
10 R f
( line)1 188(Elements are separated by newlines or semicolons; a long element may be continued by ending the)15 4132 2 1080 5112 t
( are introduced by a)4 836( Comments)1 495(with a backslash.)2 707 3 1080 5232 t
10 CW f
(#)3154 5232 w
10 R f
( names begin)2 547( Variable)1 403(and terminated by a newline.)4 1200 3 3250 5232 t
( and variable names retain their values)6 1583( Place)1 274( upper case.)2 489(with a lower case letter; place names begin with)8 1974 4 1080 5352 t
(from one picture to the next.)5 1137 1 1080 5472 t
(After each primitive the current position moves in the current direction \()11 2914 1 1080 5640 t
10 CW f
(up)3994 5640 w
10 R f
(,)4114 5640 w
10 CW f
(down)4139 5640 w
10 R f
(,)4379 5640 w
10 CW f
(left)4431 5640 w
10 R f
(,)4671 5640 w
10 CW f
(right)4696 5640 w
10 R f
(\(default\)\))5024 5640 w
( current position and direction are saved upon entry to a)10 2309( The)1 213(by the size of the primitive.)5 1139 3 1080 5760 t
10 CW f
({)4774 5760 w
10 R f
(...)4834 5760 w
10 CW f
(})4909 5760 w
10 R f
(block and)1 398 1 5002 5760 t
( in)1 117( within a block enclosed)4 1023( Elements)1 435(restored upon exit.)2 772 4 1080 5880 t
10 CW f
([)3466 5880 w
10 R f
(...)3526 5880 w
10 CW f
(])3601 5880 w
10 R f
(are treated as a unit; the dimensions are)7 1675 1 3725 5880 t
( variables, and direction of motion)5 1466( Names,)1 370( extreme points of the contained objects.)6 1725(determined by the)2 759 4 1080 6000 t
(within a block are local to that block.)7 1487 1 1080 6120 t
10 I f
(Troff\255command)1080 6288 w
10 R f
( context)1 326( a line is assumed to make sense in the)9 1594( Such)1 256(is any line that begins with a period.)7 1491 4 1733 6288 t
(where it appears; generally, this means only size and font changes.)10 2661 1 1080 6408 t
(The)1080 6576 w
10 I f
(primitive)1260 6576 w
10 R f
(objects are:)1 457 1 1646 6576 t
10 CW f
(box circle ellipse arc line arrow spline move)7 3120 1 1440 6696 t
10 I f
(text\255list)4680 6696 w
10 CW f
(arrow)1080 6816 w
10 R f
(is a synonym for)3 669 1 1405 6816 t
10 CW f
(line \255>)1 420 1 2099 6816 t
10 R f
(.)2519 6816 w
(An)1080 6984 w
10 I f
(attribute\255list)1230 6984 w
10 R f
(is a sequence of zero or more attributes; each attribute consists of a keyword, perhaps fol\255)15 3640 1 1760 6984 t
(lowed by a value.)3 704 1 1080 7104 t
10 CW f
(h\(eigh\)t)1440 7224 w
10 I f
(expr)1980 7224 w
10 CW f
(wid\(th\))2880 7224 w
10 I f
(expr)3360 7224 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 105)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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132 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( PIC)1 4244(PIC \( 1 \))3 296 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(rad\(ius\))1440 960 w
10 I f
(expr)1980 960 w
10 CW f
(diam\(eter\))2880 960 w
10 I f
(expr)3540 960 w
10 CW f
(up)1440 1080 w
10 I f
(opt\255expr)1620 1080 w
10 CW f
(down)2880 1080 w
10 I f
(opt\255expr)3180 1080 w
10 CW f
(right)1440 1200 w
10 I f
(opt\255expr)1800 1200 w
10 CW f
(left)2880 1200 w
10 I f
(opt\255expr)3180 1200 w
10 CW f
(from)1440 1320 w
10 I f
(position)1740 1320 w
10 CW f
(to)2880 1320 w
10 I f
(position)3060 1320 w
10 CW f
(at)1440 1440 w
10 I f
(position)1620 1440 w
10 CW f
(with)2880 1440 w
10 I f
(corner)3180 1440 w
10 CW f
(by)1440 1560 w
10 I f
(expr, expr)1 404 1 1620 1560 t
10 CW f
(then)2880 1560 w
(dotted)1440 1680 w
10 I f
(opt\255expr)1860 1680 w
10 CW f
(dashed)2880 1680 w
10 I f
(opt\255expr)3300 1680 w
10 CW f
(chop)1440 1800 w
10 I f
(opt\255expr)1740 1800 w
10 CW f
(\255> <\255 <\255>)2 660 1 2880 1800 t
(invis same)1 1680 1 1440 1920 t
10 I f
(text\255list expr)1 1617 1 1440 2040 t
10 R f
( all attributes make sense for all primitives;)7 1799( Not)1 210(Missing attributes and values are filled in from defaults.)8 2311 3 1080 2160 t
( attribute)1 358( The)1 205( are silently ignored.)3 821(irrelevant ones)1 591 4 1080 2280 t
10 CW f
(at)3080 2280 w
10 R f
(causes the geometrical center to be put at the specified)9 2175 1 3225 2280 t
(place;)1080 2400 w
10 CW f
(with)1349 2400 w
10 R f
( lines, splines and arcs,)4 949( For)1 196( the specified place.)3 813(causes the position on the object to be put at)9 1822 4 1620 2400 t
10 CW f
(height)1080 2520 w
10 R f
(and)1465 2520 w
10 CW f
(width)1634 2520 w
10 R f
( bare)1 196( A)1 122(refer to arrowhead size.)3 940 3 1959 2520 t
10 I f
(expr)3242 2520 w
10 R f
(implies motion in the current direction.)5 1566 1 3444 2520 t
(Text is normally an attribute of some primitive; by default it is placed at the geometrical center of the)18 4320 1 1080 2688 t
( text list is a list of text items:)8 1185( A)1 122( text is also permitted.)4 886(object. Stand\255alone)1 796 4 1080 2808 t
10 I f
(text\255item)1130 2928 w
10 CW f
(:)1479 2928 w
("...")1440 3048 w
10 I f
(positioning ...)1 551 1 1800 3048 t
10 CW f
(sprintf\(")1440 3168 w
10 I f
(format)1980 3168 w
10 CW f
(",)2247 3168 w
10 I f
(expr)2427 3168 w
10 CW f
(,)2604 3168 w
10 I f
(...)2724 3168 w
10 CW f
(\))2799 3168 w
10 I f
(positioning ...)1 551 1 2919 3168 t
(positioning)1130 3288 w
10 CW f
(:)1581 3288 w
(center ljust rjust above below)4 2040 1 1440 3408 t
10 R f
( text items for some primitive, they are arranged vertically and centered except as quali\255)14 3525(If there are multiple)3 795 2 1080 3528 t
( items may contain)3 782( Text)1 241( item independently.)2 835( requests apply to each)4 945(fied. Positioning)1 696 5 1080 3648 t
10 I f
(troff)4612 3648 w
10 R f
(commands for)1 582 1 4818 3648 t
( motions, etc., but make sure that these are balanced so that the entering state is)15 3212(size and font changes, local)4 1108 2 1080 3768 t
(restored before exiting.)2 928 1 1080 3888 t
(A position is ultimately an)4 1062 1 1080 4056 t
10 I f
(x,y)2167 4056 w
10 R f
(coordinate pair, but it may be specified in other ways.)9 2149 1 2305 4056 t
10 I f
(position)1130 4176 w
10 CW f
(:)1453 4176 w
10 I f
(expr, expr)1 404 1 1440 4296 t
(place)1440 4416 w
10 CW f
(\261)1716 4416 w
10 I f
(expr, expr)1 404 1 1836 4416 t
(place)1440 4536 w
10 CW f
(\261 \()1 180 1 1716 4536 t
10 I f
(expr, expr)1 404 1 1956 4536 t
10 CW f
(\))2420 4536 w
(\()1440 4656 w
10 I f
(position)1560 4656 w
10 CW f
(,)1883 4656 w
10 I f
(position)1968 4656 w
10 CW f
(\))2351 4656 w
10 I f
(x)2880 4656 w
10 R f
(from one,)1 388 1 2949 4656 t
10 I f
(y)3362 4656 w
10 R f
(the other)1 352 1 3431 4656 t
10 I f
(expr)1440 4776 w
10 R f
([)1642 4776 w
10 I f
(of the way)2 411 1 1675 4776 t
10 R f
(] between)1 390 1 2086 4776 t
10 I f
(position)2501 4776 w
10 R f
(and)2849 4776 w
10 I f
(position)3018 4776 w
(expr)1440 4896 w
10 S f
(<)1642 4896 w
10 I f
(position)1722 4896 w
10 R f
(,)2070 4896 w
10 I f
(position)2120 4896 w
10 S f
(>)2468 4896 w
10 R f
(\()1440 5016 w
10 I f
(position)1498 5016 w
10 R f
(\))1846 5016 w
10 I f
(place)1130 5184 w
10 CW f
(:)1346 5184 w
10 I f
(placename optional\255corner)1 1125 1 1440 5304 t
(corner)1440 5424 w
10 CW f
(of)1766 5424 w
10 I f
(placename)1946 5424 w
(nth primitive optional\255corner)2 1242 1 1440 5544 t
(corner)1440 5664 w
10 CW f
(of)1766 5664 w
10 I f
(nth primitive)1 549 1 1946 5664 t
10 CW f
(Here)1440 5784 w
10 R f
(An)1080 5904 w
10 I f
(optional\255corner)1227 5904 w
10 R f
(is one of the eight compass points or the center or the start or end of a primitive.)17 3201 1 1885 5904 t
10 I f
(optional\255corner)1130 6024 w
10 CW f
(:)1763 6024 w
(.n .e .w .s .ne .se .nw .sw .c .start .end)10 3120 1 1440 6144 t
10 I f
(corner)1130 6264 w
10 CW f
(:)1396 6264 w
(top bot left right start end)5 1980 1 1440 6384 t
10 R f
(Each object in a picture has an ordinal number;)8 1885 1 1080 6504 t
10 I f
(nth)2990 6504 w
10 R f
(refers to this.)2 524 1 3143 6504 t
10 I f
(nth)1130 6624 w
10 CW f
(:)1258 6624 w
10 I f
(n)1440 6744 w
10 CW f
(th)1490 6744 w
10 I f
(, n)1 200 1 1610 6744 t
10 CW f
(th last)1 420 1 1810 6744 t
10 R f
(The built\255in variables and their default values are:)7 1993 1 1080 6912 t
10 CW f
( 0.5)1 240( boxht)1 1080(boxwid 0.75)1 660 3 1440 7032 t
( 0.25)1 300( arcrad)1 960(circlerad 0.25)1 840 3 1440 7152 t
( 0.5)1 240( ellipseht)1 1080(ellipsewid 0.75)1 900 3 1440 7272 t
10 R f
( 106)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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133 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( PIC)1 4244(PIC \( 1 \))3 296 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
( 0.5)1 240( lineht)1 1140(linewid 0.5)1 660 3 1440 960 t
( 0.5)1 240( moveht)1 1140(movewid 0.5)1 660 3 1440 1080 t
( 0)1 120( textht)1 1260(textwid 0)1 540 3 1440 1200 t
( 0.1)1 240( arrowht)1 1080(arrowwid 0.05)1 780 3 1440 1320 t
( 2)1 120( arrowhead)1 1320(dashwid 0.1)1 660 3 1440 1440 t
(scale 1)1 420 1 1440 1560 t
10 R f
( until changed)2 568(These may be changed at any time, and the new values remain in force from picture to picture)17 3752 2 1080 1680 t
( reset by a)3 410(again or)1 326 2 1080 1800 t
10 CW f
(reset)1842 1800 w
10 R f
( changed within)2 640(statement. Variables)1 841 2 2168 1800 t
10 CW f
([)3675 1800 w
10 R f
(and)3761 1800 w
10 CW f
(])3931 1800 w
10 R f
(revert to their previous value upon)5 1383 1 4017 1800 t
( are divided by)3 596( Dimensions)1 528(exit from the block.)3 788 3 1080 1920 t
10 CW f
(scale)3017 1920 w
10 R f
(during output.)1 567 1 3342 1920 t
(Expressions in)1 591 1 1080 2088 t
10 I f
(pic)1701 2088 w
10 R f
( in)1 109( numbers representing dimensions are taken to be)7 2012( All)1 183(are evaluated in floating point.)4 1243 4 1853 2088 t
(inches.)1080 2208 w
10 I f
(expr)1130 2328 w
10 CW f
(:)1307 2328 w
10 I f
(expr op expr)2 574 1 1440 2448 t
10 CW f
(\255)1440 2568 w
10 I f
(expr)1560 2568 w
10 CW f
(!)1440 2688 w
10 I f
(expr)1560 2688 w
10 CW f
(\()1440 2808 w
10 I f
(expr)1560 2808 w
10 CW f
(\))1797 2808 w
(variable)1440 2928 w
(number)1440 3048 w
10 I f
(place)1440 3168 w
10 CW f
(.x)1716 3168 w
10 I f
(place)1956 3168 w
10 CW f
(.y)2232 3168 w
10 I f
(place)2472 3168 w
10 CW f
(.ht)2748 3168 w
10 I f
(place)3048 3168 w
10 CW f
(.wid)3324 3168 w
10 I f
(place)3684 3168 w
10 CW f
(.rad)3960 3168 w
(sin\()1440 3288 w
10 I f
(expr)1680 3288 w
10 CW f
(\) cos\()1 420 1 1857 3288 t
10 I f
(expr)2277 3288 w
10 CW f
(\) atan2\()1 540 1 2454 3288 t
10 I f
(expr,expr)2994 3288 w
10 CW f
(\) log\()1 420 1 3373 3288 t
10 I f
(expr)3793 3288 w
10 CW f
(\) exp\()1 420 1 3970 3288 t
10 I f
(expr)4390 3288 w
10 CW f
(\))4567 3288 w
(sqrt\()1440 3408 w
10 I f
(expr)1740 3408 w
10 CW f
(\) max\()1 420 1 1917 3408 t
10 I f
(expr,expr)2337 3408 w
10 CW f
(\) min\()1 420 1 2716 3408 t
10 I f
(expr,expr)3136 3408 w
10 CW f
(\) int\()1 420 1 3515 3408 t
10 I f
(expr)3935 3408 w
10 CW f
(\) rand\(\))1 540 1 4112 3408 t
10 I f
(op)1130 3528 w
10 CW f
(:)1230 3528 w
(+ \255 * / % < <= > >= == != && ||)12 2580 1 1440 3648 t
10 R f
(The)1080 3816 w
10 CW f
(define)1260 3816 w
10 R f
(and)1645 3816 w
10 CW f
(undef)1814 3816 w
10 R f
(statements are not part of the grammar.)6 1566 1 2139 3816 t
10 CW f
(define)1440 3936 w
10 I f
(name)1860 3936 w
10 CW f
({)2136 3936 w
10 I f
(replacement text)1 662 1 2256 3936 t
10 CW f
(})2978 3936 w
(undef)1440 4056 w
10 I f
(name)1800 4056 w
10 R f
(Occurrences of)1 616 1 1080 4176 t
10 CW f
($1)1732 4176 w
10 R f
(,)1852 4176 w
10 CW f
($2)1914 4176 w
10 R f
(, etc., in the replacement text will be replaced by the corresponding arguments if)13 3366 1 2034 4176 t
10 I f
(name)1080 4296 w
10 R f
(is invoked as)2 522 1 1321 4296 t
10 I f
(name)1440 4416 w
10 CW f
(\()1656 4416 w
10 I f
(arg1)1716 4416 w
10 CW f
(,)1905 4416 w
10 I f
(arg2)2025 4416 w
10 CW f
(, ...\))1 360 1 2214 4416 t
10 R f
( The)1 208( text may contain newlines.)4 1108( Replacement)1 574( null strings.)2 504(Non\255existent arguments are replaced by)4 1598 5 1080 4536 t
10 CW f
(undef)5100 4536 w
10 R f
(statement removes the definition of a macro.)6 1783 1 1080 4656 t
10 I f
(Tpic)1080 4824 w
10 R f
(is a)1 138 1 1285 4824 t
10 I f
(tex)1450 4824 w
10 R f
(\(1\) preprocessor that accepts)3 1149 1 1574 4824 t
10 I f
(pic)2750 4824 w
10 R f
( produces Tex commands that define a box called)8 2003(language. It)1 498 2 2899 4824 t
10 CW f
(\\graph)1080 4944 w
10 R f
( box may be output this way:)6 1161( The)1 205(, which contains the picture.)4 1126 3 1440 4944 t
10 CW f
(\\centerline{\\box\\graph})1440 5112 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 5280 t
10 CW f
(arrow "input" above; box "process"; arrow "output" above)7 3360 1 1080 5400 t
(move)1080 5520 w
(A: ellipse)1 600 1 1080 5640 t
(circle rad .1 with .w at A.e)6 1680 1 1260 5760 t
(circle rad .05 at 0.5 <A.c, A.ne>)6 1980 1 1260 5880 t
(arc from A.c to A.se rad 0.5)6 1680 1 1260 6000 t
10 R f
(\()1080 6168 w
10 CW f
(.,.)1129 6168 w
10 R f
(\)... 0.000i 0.500i 3.200i 0.000i)4 1220 1 1325 6168 t
(input)1985 6470 w
2268 6510 1908 6510 Dl
2268 6510 2196 6528 Dl
2268 6510 2196 6492 Dl
2268 6330 2268 6690 Dl
2808 6330 2268 6330 Dl
2808 6690 2808 6330 Dl
2268 6690 2808 6690 Dl
(process)2389 6530 w
(output)2860 6470 w
3168 6510 2808 6510 Dl
3168 6510 3096 6528 Dl
3168 6510 3096 6492 Dl
3528 6510 540 360 De
4068 6510 144 144 De
3857 6446 72 72 De
3798 6510 284 -220 -93 347 Da
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6936 t
10 I f
(grap)1080 7056 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1277 7056 w
10 I f
(doctype)1443 7056 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1761 7056 w
10 I f
(troff)1927 7056 w
10 R f
(\(1\))2108 7056 w
(B. W. Kernighan, `PIC)3 948 1 1080 7176 t
10 S1 f
(\320)2028 7176 w
10 R f
(a Graphics Language for Typesetting',)4 1579 1 2128 7176 t
10 I f
(Unix Programmer's Manual,)2 1186 1 3741 7176 t
10 R f
(Tenth Edi\255)1 439 1 4961 7176 t
(tion, Volume 2)2 603 1 1080 7296 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 107)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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134 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( PLOT)1 4150(PLOT \( 1 \))3 390 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(plot)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1261 1080 w
10 R f
(graphics filter)1 557 1 1351 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(plot)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1403 1368 t
10 R f
(])1656 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Plot)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(interprets plotting instructions \(see)3 1400 1 1275 1656 t
10 I f
(plot)2703 1656 w
10 R f
(\(6\)\) from the)2 521 1 2867 1656 t
10 I f
(files)3417 1656 w
10 R f
(or standard input, drawing the results on the)7 1787 1 3613 1656 t
(screen, or in the current)4 960 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(8\275)2068 1776 w
10 R f
( options may be interspersed with the)6 1511( Various)1 369(\(1\) window.)1 491 3 2201 1776 t
10 I f
(file)4600 1776 w
10 R f
(arguments; they)1 644 1 4756 1776 t
( are:)1 174( Options)1 367(take effect at the given point in processing.)7 1719 3 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(Double buffer: make a copy off screen before writing the screen.)10 2583 1 1613 2064 t
10 CW f
(\255e)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(Erase the screen.)2 672 1 1613 2232 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 2400 w
10 I f
(col)1233 2400 w
10 R f
(Set the foreground color \(see)4 1158 1 1613 2400 t
10 I f
(plot)2796 2400 w
10 R f
(\(6\) for color names\).)3 825 1 2960 2400 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 2568 w
10 I f
(fill)1233 2568 w
10 R f
(Set the background color.)3 1026 1 1613 2568 t
10 CW f
(\255g)1080 2736 w
10 I f
(grade)1233 2736 w
10 R f
( grades give better quality.)4 1062( Higher)1 327(Set the quality factor for arcs.)5 1186 3 1613 2736 t
10 CW f
(\255C)1080 2904 w
10 R f
(Close the current plot.)3 888 1 1613 2904 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3072 t
10 I f
(8\275)1080 3192 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1213 3192 w
10 I f
(plot)1379 3192 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1543 3192 w
( 108)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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135 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( PR)1 4277(PR \( 1 \))3 263 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(pr)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1188 1080 w
10 R f
(print file)1 347 1 1278 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(pr)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1780 1368 t
10 R f
(])2033 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Pr)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(produces a printed listing of one or more)7 1663 1 1209 1656 t
10 I f
(files.)2902 1656 w
10 R f
(The output is separated into pages headed by a date, the)10 2276 1 3124 1656 t
( no file arguments,)3 761( With)1 254( specified header, and the page number.)6 1608(name of the file or a)5 831 4 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(pr)4563 1776 w
10 R f
(prints its standard)2 719 1 4681 1776 t
(input.)1080 1896 w
(Options apply to all following files but may be reset between files:)11 2667 1 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(\255)1080 2232 w
10 I f
(n)1148 2232 w
10 R f
(Produce)1440 2232 w
10 I f
(n)1792 2232 w
10 R f
(\255column output.)1 639 1 1850 2232 t
10 CW f
(+)1080 2400 w
10 I f
(n)1148 2400 w
10 R f
(Begin printing with page)3 997 1 1440 2400 t
10 I f
(n.)2462 2400 w
10 CW f
(\255b)1080 2568 w
10 R f
(Balance columns on last page, in case of multi\255column output.)9 2495 1 1440 2568 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 2736 w
10 R f
(Double space.)1 565 1 1440 2736 t
10 CW f
(\255h)1080 2904 w
10 R f
(Take the next argument as a page header \()8 1683 1 1440 2904 t
10 I f
(file)3131 2904 w
10 R f
(by default\).)1 460 1 3284 2904 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 3072 w
10 R f
(Use formfeeds to separate pages.)4 1315 1 1440 3072 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1080 3240 w
10 I f
(n)1208 3240 w
10 R f
(Take the length of the page to be)7 1311 1 1440 3240 t
10 I f
(n)2776 3240 w
10 R f
(lines instead of the default 66.)5 1204 1 2851 3240 t
10 CW f
(\255m)1080 3408 w
10 R f
(Print all)1 320 1 1440 3408 t
10 I f
(files)1785 3408 w
10 R f
(simultaneously, each in one column.)4 1460 1 1977 3408 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 3576 w
10 R f
(Number the lines of each)4 1003 1 1440 3576 t
10 I f
(file.)2468 3576 w
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 3744 w
10 I f
(n)1208 3744 w
10 R f
(Offset the left margin)3 862 1 1440 3744 t
10 I f
(n)2327 3744 w
10 R f
(character positions.)1 776 1 2402 3744 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 3912 w
10 I f
(c)1208 3912 w
10 R f
(Separate columns by the single character)5 1637 1 1440 3912 t
10 I f
(c)3103 3912 w
10 R f
( missing)1 338( A)1 123(instead of aligning them with white space.)6 1696 3 3173 3912 t
10 I f
(c)5356 3912 w
10 R f
(is taken to be a tab.)5 771 1 1440 4032 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 4200 w
10 R f
(Do not print the 5\255line header or the 5\255line trailer normally supplied for each page.)14 3296 1 1440 4200 t
10 CW f
(\255w)1080 4368 w
10 I f
(n)1208 4368 w
10 R f
( page to be)3 456(For purposes of multi\255column output, take the width of the)9 2403 2 1440 4368 t
10 I f
(n)4331 4368 w
10 R f
(characters instead of the)3 987 1 4413 4368 t
(default 72.)1 427 1 1440 4488 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4656 t
10 I f
(cat)1080 4776 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1210 4776 w
10 I f
(lp)1376 4776 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1462 4776 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 109)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( PROF)1 4149(PROF \( 1 \))3 391 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(prof, kprof)1 432 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1537 1080 w
10 R f
(display profiling data)2 855 1 1627 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(prof)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255dr)1403 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1608 1368 t
10 I f
(program)1724 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2099 1368 t
10 I f
(profile)2215 1368 w
10 R f
(])2507 1368 w
10 CW f
(kprof)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(kernel kpdata)1 546 1 1405 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Prof)1080 1824 w
10 R f
( automatically by programs loaded using the)6 1836(interprets files produced)2 988 2 1292 1824 t
10 CW f
(\255p)4151 1824 w
10 R f
(option of)1 374 1 4306 1824 t
10 I f
(2l)4715 1824 w
10 R f
(or appropriate)1 572 1 4828 1824 t
( symbol table in the named program file \()8 1659(loader. The)1 480 2 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
(v.out)3219 1944 w
10 R f
(by default\) is read and correlated with the pro\255)8 1856 1 3544 1944 t
(file file \()2 373 1 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(prof.out)1453 2064 w
10 R f
( each symbol, the percentage of time \(in seconds\) spent executing)10 2755( For)1 202(by default\).)1 473 3 1970 2064 t
( symbol and the next is printed \(in decreasing order\), together with the time spent there and the)17 3811(between that)1 509 2 1080 2184 t
(number of times that routine was called.)6 1606 1 1080 2304 t
(Under option)1 541 1 1080 2472 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1657 2472 w
10 R f
(,)1777 2472 w
10 I f
(prof)1838 2472 w
10 R f
( the calls with the)4 753(prints the dynamic call graph of the target program, annotating)9 2606 2 2041 2472 t
( output is indented two spaces for each call,)8 1800( The)1 212( in each routine and those it calls, recursively.)8 1886(time spent)1 422 4 1080 2592 t
(and is formatted as)3 757 1 1080 2712 t
10 CW f
(symbol:time/ncall)1440 2832 w
10 R f
(where)1080 2952 w
10 I f
(symbol)1357 2952 w
10 R f
(is the entry point of the call,)6 1178 1 1674 2952 t
10 I f
(time)2886 2952 w
10 R f
(is in milliseconds, and)3 922 1 3092 2952 t
10 I f
(ncall)4048 2952 w
10 R f
( number of times that)4 895(is the)1 223 2 4282 2952 t
( If)1 116( called at that point in the call graph.)8 1462(entry point was)2 618 3 1080 3072 t
10 I f
(ncall)3301 3072 w
10 R f
(is one, the)2 408 1 3526 3072 t
10 CW f
(/ncall)3959 3072 w
10 R f
( recur\255)1 262( Normally)1 433(is elided.)1 361 3 4344 3072 t
(sive calls are compressed to keep the output brief; option)9 2277 1 1080 3192 t
10 CW f
(\255r)3382 3192 w
10 R f
(prints the full call graph.)4 985 1 3527 3192 t
( of the buffer in)4 630(The size)1 335 2 1080 3360 t
10 I f
(program)2071 3360 w
10 R f
(used to hold the profiling data, by default 2000 entries, may be controlled)12 2953 1 2447 3360 t
(by setting the environment variable)4 1479 1 1080 3480 t
10 CW f
(profsize)2600 3480 w
10 R f
(before running)1 606 1 3121 3480 t
10 I f
(program.)3768 3480 w
10 R f
(If the buffer fills, subsequent)4 1216 1 4184 3480 t
(function calls may not be recorded.)5 1408 1 1080 3600 t
10 I f
(Kprof)1080 3768 w
10 R f
(is similar to)2 493 1 1349 3768 t
10 I f
(prof,)1877 3768 w
10 R f
( the data accumulated by the kernel profiling device,)8 2186(but presents)1 490 2 2104 3768 t
10 I f
(kprof)4816 3768 w
10 R f
(\(3\))5035 3768 w
10 I f
(.)5159 3768 w
10 R f
(The)5245 3768 w
( file, typically)2 566(symbol table file, that of the operating system kernel, and the data)11 2693 2 1080 3888 t
10 CW f
(/dev/kpdata)4368 3888 w
10 R f
(, must be)2 372 1 5028 3888 t
(provided.)1080 4008 w
10 I f
(Kprof)1510 4008 w
10 R f
(has no options and cannot present dynamic data.)7 1936 1 1769 4008 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4176 t
10 I f
(2l)1080 4296 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1166 4296 w
10 I f
(kprof)1332 4296 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1551 4296 w
( 110)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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137 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( PROOF)1 4077(PROOF \( 1 \))3 463 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(proof)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1321 1080 w
10 R f
(troff output interpreter)2 898 1 1411 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(proof)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255m)1463 1368 w
10 I f
(mag)1591 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1788 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255/)1904 1368 w
10 I f
(nview)2032 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2290 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255F)2406 1368 w
10 I f
(dir)2551 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2693 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255d)2809 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2954 1368 t
10 I f
(file)3070 1368 w
10 R f
(])3223 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Proof)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(reads)1338 1656 w
10 I f
(troff)1578 1656 w
10 R f
(\(1\) intermediate language from)3 1259 1 1759 1656 t
10 I f
(file)3048 1656 w
10 R f
( and simulates the resulting pages on)6 1507(or standard input)2 687 2 3206 1656 t
(the screen.)1 426 1 1080 1776 t
(After a page of text is displayed,)6 1354 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(proof)2468 1944 w
10 R f
( typed commands)2 725( The)1 215( a command from the keyboard.)5 1325(pauses for)1 416 4 2719 1944 t
(are:)1080 2064 w
( on to next page of text.)6 946(newline Go)1 513 2 1080 2232 t
10 CW f
(\255)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(Go back to the previous page.)5 1192 1 1471 2400 t
10 CW f
(q)1080 2568 w
10 R f
(Quit.)1471 2568 w
10 CW f
(p)1080 2736 w
10 I f
(n)1148 2736 w
10 R f
(Print page)1 423 1 1471 2736 t
10 I f
(n.)1934 2736 w
10 R f
( that number; a missing)4 1003(An out\255of\255bounds page number means the end nearer to)8 2348 2 2049 2736 t
(number means the current page; a signed number means an offset to the current page.)14 3411 1 1471 2856 t
10 I f
(n)1080 3024 w
10 R f
(Same as)1 330 1 1471 3024 t
10 CW f
(p)1826 3024 w
10 I f
(n)1894 3024 w
10 CW f
(.)1952 3024 w
(c)1080 3192 w
10 R f
(Clear the screen, then wait for another command.)7 1970 1 1471 3192 t
10 CW f
(m)1080 3360 w
10 I f
(mag)1148 3360 w
10 R f
( it is printed with magnifica\255)5 1181( Normally)1 441(Change the magnification at which the output is printed.)8 2307 3 1471 3360 t
(tion .9;)1 284 1 1471 3480 t
10 I f
(mag)1780 3480 w
10 R f
(=.5 shrinks it to half size;)5 1017 1 1960 3480 t
10 I f
(mag)3002 3480 w
10 R f
(=2 doubles the size.)3 794 1 3182 3480 t
10 CW f
(x)1080 3648 w
10 I f
(val)1148 3648 w
10 R f
(Move everything)1 685 1 1471 3648 t
10 I f
(val)2181 3648 w
10 R f
(screen pixels to the right \(left, if)6 1284 1 2328 3648 t
10 I f
(val)3637 3648 w
10 R f
(is negative\).)1 488 1 3784 3648 t
10 CW f
(y)1080 3816 w
10 I f
(val)1148 3816 w
10 R f
(Move everything)1 685 1 1471 3816 t
10 I f
(val)2181 3816 w
10 R f
(screen pixels down \(up, if)4 1034 1 2328 3816 t
10 I f
(val)3387 3816 w
10 R f
(is negative\).)1 488 1 3534 3816 t
10 CW f
(/)1080 3984 w
10 I f
(nview)1148 3984 w
10 R f
(Split the window into)3 874 1 1471 3984 t
10 I f
(nview)2373 3984 w
10 R f
( goes into the rightmost, bottommost piece,)6 1758( current page)2 526(pieces. The)1 482 3 2634 3984 t
(and previous pages are shown in the other pieces.)8 1976 1 1471 4104 t
10 CW f
(\255F)1080 4272 w
10 I f
(dir)1268 4272 w
10 R f
(Use)1471 4272 w
10 I f
(dir)1651 4272 w
10 R f
(for fonts instead of)3 757 1 1793 4272 t
10 CW f
(/lib/font/bit)2575 4272 w
10 R f
(.)3355 4272 w
10 CW f
(d)1080 4440 w
10 R f
(Toggle the debug flag.)3 904 1 1471 4440 t
(The)1080 4608 w
10 CW f
(m)1260 4608 w
10 R f
(,)1320 4608 w
10 CW f
(/)1370 4608 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 1430 4608 t
10 CW f
(d)1649 4608 w
10 R f
(commands are also available as command line options.)7 2197 1 1734 4608 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 4776 t
10 CW f
(/lib/font/bit/*)1080 4896 w
10 R f
(fonts)2220 4896 w
10 CW f
(/lib/font/bit/MAP)1080 5016 w
10 R f
( and)1 185(how to convert troff output fonts and character names into screen fonts)11 2995 2 2220 5016 t
(character numbers)1 733 1 2220 5136 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5304 t
10 I f
(lp)1080 5424 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1166 5424 w
10 I f
(psi)1332 5424 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1457 5424 w
(Brian W. Kernighan,)2 837 1 1080 5544 t
10 I f
(A Typesetter\255independent Troff)2 1249 1 1942 5544 t
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 111)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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138 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( PS)1 4288(PS \( 1 \))3 252 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(ps, psu)1 278 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1383 1080 w
10 R f
(process status)1 552 1 1473 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(ps)1080 1368 w
(psu)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1285 1536 w
10 I f
(user)1343 1536 w
10 R f
(])1540 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Ps)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(prints information about processes.)3 1410 1 1207 1824 t
10 I f
(Psu)2669 1824 w
10 R f
(prints only information about processes started by)6 2016 1 2846 1824 t
10 I f
(user)4890 1824 w
10 R f
(\(default)5090 1824 w
10 CW f
($user)1080 1944 w
10 R f
(\).)1380 1944 w
( state, and command name are)5 1238(For each process reported, the user, process id, user time, system time, size,)12 3082 2 1080 2112 t
( is one of the following:)5 958(printed. State)1 558 2 1080 2232 t
10 CW f
(Moribund)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(Process has exited and is about to have its resources reclaimed.)10 2520 1 1684 2400 t
10 CW f
(Ready)1080 2568 w
10 R f
(on the queue of processes ready to be run.)8 1676 1 1684 2568 t
10 CW f
(Scheding)1080 2736 w
10 R f
(about to be run.)3 627 1 1684 2736 t
10 CW f
(Running)1080 2904 w
10 R f
(running.)1684 2904 w
10 CW f
(Queueing)1080 3072 w
10 R f
(waiting on a queue for a resource.)6 1354 1 1684 3072 t
10 CW f
(Wakeme)1080 3240 w
10 R f
(waiting for I/O or some other kernel event to wake it up.)11 2257 1 1684 3240 t
10 CW f
(Broken)1080 3408 w
10 R f
(dead of unnatural causes; lingering so that it can be examined.)10 2487 1 1684 3408 t
10 CW f
(Stopped)1080 3576 w
10 R f
(stopped.)1684 3576 w
10 CW f
(Stopwait)1080 3744 w
10 R f
(waiting for another process to stop.)5 1409 1 1684 3744 t
10 CW f
(Fault)1080 3912 w
10 R f
(servicing a page fault.)3 881 1 1684 3912 t
10 CW f
(Idle)1080 4080 w
10 R f
(waiting for something to do \(kernel processes only\).)7 2086 1 1684 4080 t
10 CW f
(New)1080 4248 w
10 R f
(being created.)1 559 1 1684 4248 t
10 CW f
(Pageout)1080 4416 w
10 R f
(paging out some other process.)4 1240 1 1684 4416 t
10 I f
(Syscall)1080 4584 w
10 R f
(performing the named system call.)4 1384 1 1684 4584 t
10 CW f
(no)1080 4752 w
10 I f
(resource)1268 4752 w
10 R f
(waiting for more of a critical)5 1150 1 1684 4752 t
10 I f
(resource.)2859 4752 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 4920 t
10 CW f
(/proc/*/status)1080 5040 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5208 t
10 I f
(kill)1080 5328 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1216 5328 w
10 I f
(db)1382 5328 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1490 5328 w
10 I f
(proc)1656 5328 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1847 5328 w
( 112)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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139 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( PSI)1 4255(PSI \( 1 \))3 285 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(psi)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1222 1080 w
10 R f
(postscript interpreter)1 829 1 1312 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(psi)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1343 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1724 1368 t
10 I f
(file)1840 1368 w
10 R f
(])1993 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Psi)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(reads postscript input from)3 1104 1 1243 1656 t
10 I f
(file)2382 1656 w
10 R f
( simulates the resulting pages in an)6 1465(or from standard input and)4 1105 2 2545 1656 t
10 I f
(8\275)5151 1656 w
10 R f
(\(1\))5284 1656 w
( options are)2 466(window. The)1 552 2 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 1944 w
10 I f
(n)1208 1944 w
10 R f
(Display page)1 524 1 1451 1944 t
10 I f
(n.)2000 1944 w
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 2112 w
10 R f
( corner positioned at the bottom left corner of)8 1859(Display the image at full scale, with the bottom left)9 2090 2 1451 2112 t
( a)1 74( default, the image is scaled to fit the window, maintaining the aspect ratio of)14 3169( \(By)1 206(the window.)1 500 4 1451 2232 t
(printer.\))1451 2352 w
10 CW f
(\255a)1080 2520 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 1233 2520 t
10 R f
( full scale with position)4 971(Display the image at)3 845 2 1451 2520 t
10 I f
(x,y)3300 2520 w
10 R f
(of the image placed at the bottom left corner of)9 1954 1 3446 2520 t
(the window.)1 494 1 1451 2640 t
( are Symbol, Times\255Roman, Times\255Italic,)4 1672( fonts)1 225( Available)1 438(Fonts are implemented with size\25524 bitmap fonts.)6 1985 4 1080 2808 t
(Times\255Bold, Helvetica, Helvetica\255Oblique, Helvetica\255Bold.)3 2382 1 1080 2928 t
(When the `cherries' icon is displayed, use mouse button 3 to move forward \()13 3074 1 1080 3096 t
10 CW f
(more)4154 3096 w
10 R f
(\) or quit \()3 383 1 4394 3096 t
10 CW f
(done)4777 3096 w
10 R f
(\). Button)1 383 1 5017 3096 t
(2 exits the program completely.)4 1268 1 1080 3216 t
9 R f
( LE E)2 59( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 5 720 3384 t
10 CW f
(troff \255ms memo | lp \255dstdout \255H | psi)8 2220 1 1440 3504 t
10 R f
(Format a memo, convert it to postscript, and display it.)9 2194 1 1080 3672 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3840 t
10 CW f
(psi.err)1080 3960 w
10 R f
(error messages)1 595 1 1620 3960 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4128 t
10 I f
(lp)1080 4248 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1166 4248 w
10 I f
(proof)1332 4248 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1557 4248 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 4416 t
10 R f
(Error comments are placed on file)5 1360 1 1080 4536 t
10 CW f
(psi.err)2465 4536 w
10 R f
(.)2885 4536 w
( an error is reported.)4 811( and)1 194(Symbols that lack bitmaps are replaced by `?')7 1827 3 1080 4704 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4872 t
10 R f
( screens, multiple path clip\255)4 1119(Unimplemented postscript features are rotated images or imagemasks, half tone)9 3201 2 1080 4992 t
(ping, and charpath.)2 765 1 1080 5112 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 113)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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140 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( PUSH)1 4144(PUSH \( 1 \))3 396 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(push, pull, Rpush, Rpull)3 974 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2079 1080 w
10 R f
(Datakit remote file copy)3 973 1 2169 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(push)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1403 1368 w
10 R f
(])1548 1368 w
10 I f
(machine file ... remotedir)3 1010 1 1606 1368 t
10 CW f
(pull)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1345 1536 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1403 1536 w
10 R f
(])1548 1536 w
10 I f
(machine file ... localdir)3 933 1 1606 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Push)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(and)1312 1824 w
10 I f
(pull)1488 1824 w
10 R f
( Datakit.)1 352(copy files between machines over)4 1380 2 1676 1824 t
10 I f
(Push)3466 1824 w
10 R f
(copies)3699 1824 w
10 I f
(files)3987 1824 w
10 R f
(from the local machine to the)5 1213 1 4187 1824 t
(directory)1080 1944 w
10 I f
(remotedir)1481 1944 w
10 R f
(on the named)2 570 1 1916 1944 t
10 I f
(machine)2527 1944 w
10 R f
(.)2873 1944 w
10 I f
(Pull)2964 1944 w
10 R f
(copies)3172 1944 w
10 I f
(files)3468 1944 w
10 R f
(from the named)2 664 1 3676 1944 t
10 I f
(machine)4381 1944 w
10 R f
(to the directory)2 640 1 4760 1944 t
10 I f
(localdir)1080 2064 w
10 R f
( as that of the original.)5 909( last component of the name of a copy is the same)11 2005( The)1 206(on the local machine.)3 857 4 1423 2064 t
( of the)2 275(If one)1 246 2 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(files)1636 2184 w
10 R f
(is a directory, a corresponding directory is created and the directory's files are copied,)13 3562 1 1838 2184 t
(recursively.)1080 2304 w
(Option)1080 2472 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1383 2472 w
10 R f
(announces each file as it is copied.)6 1383 1 1528 2472 t
( particu\255)1 340( In)1 138( in different contexts on different machines.)6 1779(Pushing and pulling involve two programs running)6 2063 4 1080 2640 t
(lar, pulling to directory)3 945 1 1080 2760 t
10 CW f
(.)2056 2760 w
10 R f
( current directory, but pushing to)5 1340(puts files in the local)4 857 2 2147 2760 t
10 CW f
(.)4374 2760 w
10 R f
(puts files in the remote)4 936 1 4464 2760 t
( metacharacters which are to be interpreted on the remote machine must be quoted.)13 3314( Shell)1 256(home directory.)1 632 3 1080 2880 t
10 I f
(Rpush)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(and)1355 3048 w
10 I f
(Rpull)1524 3048 w
10 R f
(are the programs started by remote pushes and pulls.)8 2099 1 1766 3048 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3216 t
10 I f
(con)1080 3336 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1232 3336 w
10 I f
(cp)1398 3336 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1500 3336 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 3504 t
10 R f
(Messages marked)1 712 1 1080 3624 t
10 CW f
(\(remote\))1817 3624 w
10 R f
(are from the sister process running on the remote machine.)9 2345 1 2322 3624 t
( 114)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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141 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( PWD)1 4178(PWD \( 1 \))3 362 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(pwd, pbd)1 372 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1477 1080 w
10 R f
(working directory)1 718 1 1567 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(pwd)1080 1368 w
(pbd)1080 1488 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 I f
(Pwd)1080 1776 w
10 R f
( the same)2 401(prints the path name of the working \(current\) directory. Pwd does not guarantee to return)14 3705 2 1294 1776 t
( the directory. The returned path may be another route through the name space to)14 3248(path that was used to enter)5 1072 2 1080 1896 t
( produces a)2 476(the same working directory. This behavior will arise when a combination of mounts or binds)14 3844 2 1080 2016 t
(graph in the file tree.)4 834 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(Pbd)1080 2304 w
10 R f
( is intended for)3 623( prints no final newline and)5 1126( It)1 117(prints the base name of the working \(current\) directory.)8 2262 4 1272 2304 t
(applications such as constructing shell prompts.)5 1910 1 1080 2424 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2592 t
10 I f
(cd)1080 2712 w
10 R f
(in)1199 2712 w
10 I f
(rc)1302 2712 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1393 2712 w
10 I f
(bind)1559 2712 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1745 2712 w
10 I f
(getwd)1911 2712 w
10 R f
(\(2\))2158 2712 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2880 t
10 R f
( prevents)1 368(A kernel bug sometimes)3 986 2 1080 3000 t
10 CW f
(pbd)2464 3000 w
10 R f
(from working when the current directory is a device, in which case)11 2726 1 2674 3000 t
10 I f
(pbd)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(returns `.'.)1 418 1 1255 3120 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 115)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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142 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( RC)1 4266(RC \( 1 \))3 274 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(rc, cd, eval, exec, exit, flag, newpgrp, shift, wait, whatis, .)10 2309 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3414 1080 w
10 R f
(command language)1 779 1 3504 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(rc)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255srdiIlxepvV)1283 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2028 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255c command)1 600 1 2144 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2769 1368 t
10 I f
(file)2885 1368 w
10 R f
([)3038 1368 w
10 I f
(arg ...)1 239 1 3096 1368 t
10 R f
(])3360 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Rc)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( a file or, with the)5 740( executes command lines read from a terminal or)8 1991( It)1 116(is the Plan 9 shell.)4 751 4 1215 1656 t
10 CW f
(\255c)4844 1656 w
10 R f
(flag, from)1 405 1 4995 1656 t
10 I f
(rc's)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(argument list.)1 550 1 1260 1776 t
( s)1 2( es)1 41( ne)1 46( in)1 52( Li)1 30( L)1 104( nd d)2 54( an)1 52( mm ma)2 126( om)1 80(C Co)1 119 11 870 1944 t
( semicolons \()2 549(A command line is a sequence of commands, separated by ampersands or)11 3015 2 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(&)4644 2064 w
10 R f
(or)4737 2064 w
10 CW f
(;)4853 2064 w
10 R f
(\) and termi\255)2 487 1 4913 2064 t
( right.)1 250( commands are executed in sequence from left to)8 2052( The)1 217(nated by a newline.)3 812 4 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(Rc)4472 2184 w
10 R f
(does not wait for a)4 787 1 4613 2184 t
(command followed by)2 899 1 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(&)2004 2304 w
10 R f
( a command)2 490( Whenever)1 460(to finish executing before starting the following command.)7 2360 3 2090 2304 t
(followed by)1 486 1 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(&)1597 2424 w
10 R f
( is assigned to the)4 731(is executed, its process id)4 1042 2 1688 2424 t
10 I f
(rc)3491 2424 w
10 R f
(variable)3604 2424 w
10 CW f
($apid)3955 2424 w
10 R f
( a command)2 498(. Whenever)1 489 2 4255 2424 t
10 I f
(not)5272 2424 w
10 R f
(followed by)1 501 1 1080 2544 t
10 CW f
(&)1627 2544 w
10 R f
(exits or is terminated, the)4 1097 1 1733 2544 t
10 I f
(rc)2876 2544 w
10 R f
(variable)3006 2544 w
10 CW f
($status)3374 2544 w
10 R f
(gets the process's wait message \(see)5 1559 1 3841 2544 t
10 I f
(wait)1080 2664 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\); it will be the null string if the command was successful.)11 2431 1 1261 2664 t
( command line may be continued on subsequent lines by typing a backslash \()13 3135(A long)1 278 2 1080 2832 t
10 CW f
(\\)4493 2832 w
10 R f
(\) followed by a new\255)4 847 1 4553 2832 t
( is not otherwise a special character.)6 1443( Backslash)1 455( sequence is treated as though it were a blank.)9 1829(line. This)1 403 4 1080 2952 t
(A number\255sign \()2 684 1 1080 3120 t
10 CW f
(#)1764 3120 w
10 R f
( including\) the next newline are ignored,)6 1700(\) and any following characters up to \(but not)8 1876 2 1824 3120 t
(except in quotation marks.)3 1060 1 1080 3240 t
( s)1 2( nd ds)2 93( an)1 52( mm ma)2 126( om)1 80( Co)1 52( C)1 110( e)1 2( le)1 46( pl)1 30( mp)1 52( im)1 80(S Si)1 86 13 870 3408 t
( the first argument is)4 855( If)1 123( interspersed with I/O redirections.)4 1417(A simple command is a sequence of arguments)7 1925 4 1080 3528 t
(the name of an)3 602 1 1080 3648 t
10 I f
(rc)1711 3648 w
10 R f
( of one of)3 394(function or)1 445 2 1823 3648 t
10 I f
(rc's)2690 3648 w
10 R f
(built\255in commands, it is executed by)5 1470 1 2873 3648 t
10 I f
(rc.)4371 3648 w
10 R f
(Otherwise if the name)3 893 1 4507 3648 t
(starts with a slash \()4 770 1 1080 3768 t
10 CW f
(/)1850 3768 w
10 R f
( containing no initial)3 837( Names)1 329( the program to be executed.)5 1146(\), it must be the path name of)7 1178 4 1910 3768 t
( in)1 110(slash are searched for in a list of directory names stored)10 2302 2 1080 3888 t
10 CW f
($path)3524 3888 w
10 R f
( first executable file of the given)6 1339(. The)1 237 2 3824 3888 t
(name found in a directory in)5 1159 1 1080 4008 t
10 CW f
($path)2269 4008 w
10 R f
( be executable, the user must have)6 1402( To)1 167( program to be executed.)4 1013(is the)1 219 4 2599 4008 t
(execute permission \(see)2 965 1 1080 4128 t
10 I f
(stat)2076 4128 w
10 R f
( machine's)1 440(\(2\)\) and the file must be either an executable binary for the current)12 2731 2 2229 4128 t
( line containing the full path name of a shell \(usually)10 2149( scripts begin with a)4 817( Shell)1 259(CPU type, or a shell script.)5 1095 4 1080 4248 t
10 CW f
(/bin/rc)1080 4368 w
10 R f
(\), prefixed by)2 540 1 1500 4368 t
10 CW f
(#!)2065 4368 w
10 R f
(.)2185 4368 w
( The)1 212(The first word of a simple command cannot be a keyword unless it is quoted or otherwise disguised.)17 4108 2 1080 4536 t
(keywords are)1 534 1 1080 4656 t
10 CW f
(for in while if not switch fn ~ ! @)9 2100 1 1440 4776 t
10 R f
( s)1 2( es)1 41( le)1 46( bl)1 30( ab)1 52( ia)1 46( ri)1 30( ar)1 35( Va)1 46( V)1 115( nd d)2 54( an)1 52( a)1 87( s)1 2( ts)1 41( nt)1 30( en)1 52( me)1 46( gu um)2 132( rg)1 52(A Ar)1 107 21 870 4944 t
(A number of constructions may be used where)7 1867 1 1080 5064 t
10 I f
(rc's)2973 5064 w
10 R f
( many cases a)3 557( In)1 135( argument to appear.)3 826(syntax requires an)2 728 4 3154 5064 t
(construction's value will be a list of arguments rather than a single string.)12 2938 1 1080 5184 t
( of one or more characters none of which is)9 1740(The simplest kind of argument is the unquoted word: a sequence)10 2580 2 1080 5352 t
(a blank, tab, newline, or any of the following:)8 1828 1 1080 5472 t
10 CW f
(# ; & | ^ $ = ` ' { } \( \) < >)14 1740 1 1440 5592 t
10 R f
(An unquoted word that contains any of the characters)8 2198 1 1080 5712 t
10 CW f
(* ? [)2 246 1 3311 5712 t
10 R f
(is a pattern for matching against file names.)7 1810 1 3590 5712 t
(The character)1 548 1 1080 5832 t
10 CW f
(*)1657 5832 w
10 R f
(matches any sequence of characters,)4 1463 1 1746 5832 t
10 CW f
(?)3238 5832 w
10 R f
(matches any single character, and)4 1355 1 3326 5832 t
10 CW f
([)4709 5832 w
10 I f
(class)4777 5832 w
10 CW f
(])4985 5832 w
10 R f
(matches)5073 5832 w
(any character in the)3 810 1 1080 5952 t
10 I f
(class)1924 5952 w
10 R f
( character of)2 517( the first)2 351(. If)1 150 3 2132 5952 t
10 I f
(class)3185 5952 w
10 R f
(is)3420 5952 w
10 CW f
(~)3522 5952 w
10 R f
( The)1 215(, the class is complemented.)4 1161 2 3582 5952 t
10 I f
(class)4993 5952 w
10 R f
(may)5228 5952 w
( pairs of characters separated by)5 1316(also contain)1 488 2 1080 6072 t
10 CW f
(\255)2916 6072 w
10 R f
( The)1 212(, standing for all characters lexically between the two.)8 2212 2 2976 6072 t
(character)1080 6192 w
10 CW f
(/)1475 6192 w
10 R f
( explicitly in a pattern, as must the first character of the path name components)14 3251(must appear)1 491 2 1566 6192 t
10 CW f
(.)5340 6192 w
10 R f
(and)1080 6312 w
10 CW f
(..)1251 6312 w
10 R f
( a pattern)2 373( pattern is replaced by a list of arguments, one for each path name matched, except that)16 3507(. A)1 149 3 1371 6312 t
( matching is done)3 726( Pattern)1 339( but rather stands for itself.)5 1106(matching no names is not replaced by the empty list,)9 2149 4 1080 6432 t
( Thus,)1 275(after all other operations.)3 1003 2 1080 6552 t
10 CW f
(x=/tmp echo $x^/*.c)2 1140 1 1440 6672 t
10 R f
(matches)1080 6792 w
10 CW f
(/tmp/*.c)1432 6792 w
10 R f
(, rather than matching)3 876 1 1912 6792 t
10 CW f
(/*.c)2813 6792 w
10 R f
(and then prefixing)2 732 1 3078 6792 t
10 CW f
(/tmp)3835 6792 w
10 R f
(.)4075 6792 w
( is a sequence of characters surrounded by single quotes \()10 2354(A quoted word)2 609 2 1080 6960 t
10 CW f
(')4043 6960 w
10 R f
( single quote is represented)4 1111(\). A)1 186 2 4103 6960 t
(in a quoted word by a pair of quotes \()9 1500 1 1080 7080 t
10 CW f
('')2580 7080 w
10 R f
(\).)2700 7080 w
( 116)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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143 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( RC)1 4266(RC \( 1 \))3 274 3 720 480 t
(Each of the following is an argument.)6 1506 1 1080 960 t
10 CW f
(\()1080 1080 w
10 I f
(arguments)1148 1080 w
10 CW f
(\))1578 1080 w
10 R f
( the members of)3 658(The value of a sequence of arguments enclosed in parentheses is a list comprising)13 3302 2 1440 1200 t
( syntax)1 295( lists have no recursive structure, although their)7 1967( Argument)1 465(each element of the sequence.)4 1233 4 1440 1320 t
( following are entirely equivalent:)4 1359( The)1 205(may suggest it.)2 603 3 1440 1440 t
10 CW f
(echo hi there everybody)3 1380 1 1800 1560 t
(\(\(echo\) \(hi there\) everybody\))3 1740 1 1800 1680 t
($)1080 1800 w
10 I f
(argument)1148 1800 w
10 CW f
($)1080 1920 w
10 I f
(argument)1148 1920 w
10 CW f
(\()1539 1920 w
10 I f
(subscript)1607 1920 w
10 CW f
(\))1982 1920 w
10 R f
(The)1440 2040 w
10 I f
(argument)1625 2040 w
10 R f
(after the)1 334 1 2038 2040 t
10 CW f
($)2402 2040 w
10 R f
( levels of)2 378( Multiple)1 401(is the name of a variable whose value is substituted.)9 2129 3 2492 2040 t
( If)1 144( strings.)1 345( values are lists of)4 837( Variable)1 422(indirection are possible, but of questionable utility.)6 2212 5 1440 2160 t
10 I f
(argument)1440 2280 w
10 R f
( number)1 332(is a)1 137 2 1849 2280 t
10 I f
(n)2345 2280 w
10 R f
(, the value is the)4 660 1 2403 2280 t
10 I f
(n)3090 2280 w
10 R f
(th element of)2 531 1 3148 2280 t
10 CW f
($*)3706 2280 w
10 R f
(, unless)1 302 1 3826 2280 t
10 CW f
($*)4155 2280 w
10 R f
(doesn't have)1 509 1 4302 2280 t
10 I f
(n)4838 2280 w
10 R f
(elements, in)1 485 1 4915 2280 t
( If)1 124(which case the value is empty.)5 1260 2 1440 2400 t
10 I f
(argument)2857 2400 w
10 R f
( list of subscripts, the)4 881(is followed by a parenthesized)4 1246 2 3273 2400 t
( parenthesis must fol\255)3 866( The)1 206( \(origin 1\).)2 432(value substituted is a list composed of the requested elements)9 2456 4 1440 2520 t
( to variables are described below.)5 1335( Assignments)1 567(low the variable name with no spaces.)6 1522 3 1440 2640 t
10 CW f
($#)1080 2760 w
10 I f
(argument)1208 2760 w
10 R f
( variable never assigned a value has)6 1447( A)1 125( the named variable.)3 818(The value is the number of elements in)7 1570 4 1440 2880 t
(zero elements.)1 576 1 1440 3000 t
($")1080 3120 w
10 I f
(argument)1171 3120 w
10 R f
( string containing the components of the named variable separated by spaces.)11 3127(The value is a single)4 833 2 1440 3240 t
(A variable with zero elements yields the empty string.)8 2161 1 1440 3360 t
10 CW f
(`{)1080 3480 w
10 I f
(command)1208 3480 w
10 CW f
(})1604 3480 w
10 I f
(rc)1440 3600 w
10 R f
(executes the)1 496 1 1554 3600 t
10 I f
(command)2081 3600 w
10 R f
( its standard output, splitting it into a list of arguments, using)11 2515(and reads)1 385 2 2500 3600 t
(characters in)1 506 1 1440 3720 t
10 CW f
($ifs)1971 3720 w
10 R f
( If)1 116(as separators.)1 537 2 2236 3720 t
10 CW f
($ifs)2914 3720 w
10 R f
(is not otherwise set, its value is)6 1247 1 3179 3720 t
10 CW f
(' \\t\\n')1 420 1 4451 3720 t
10 R f
(.)4871 3720 w
10 CW f
(<{)1080 3840 w
10 I f
(command)1208 3840 w
10 CW f
(})1604 3840 w
(>{)1080 3960 w
10 I f
(command)1208 3960 w
10 CW f
(})1604 3960 w
10 R f
(The)1440 4080 w
10 I f
(command)1625 4080 w
10 R f
( input connected to)3 781(is executed asynchronously with its standard output or standard)8 2576 2 2043 4080 t
( This)1 230( the name of a file referring to the other end of the pipe.)13 2248( value of the argument is)5 1005( The)1 208(a pipe.)1 269 5 1440 4200 t
( runs two commands)3 860( example, the following)3 976( For)1 198(allows the construction of non\255linear pipelines.)5 1926 4 1440 4320 t
10 CW f
(old)1440 4440 w
10 R f
(and)1645 4440 w
10 CW f
(new)1814 4440 w
10 R f
(and uses)1 341 1 2019 4440 t
10 CW f
(cmp)2385 4440 w
10 R f
(to compare their outputs)3 974 1 2590 4440 t
10 CW f
(cmp <{old} <{new})2 1020 1 1800 4560 t
10 I f
(argument)1080 4680 w
10 CW f
(^)1471 4680 w
10 I f
(argument)1539 4680 w
10 R f
(The)1440 4800 w
10 CW f
(^)1622 4800 w
10 R f
( the two operands have the same number of com\255)9 1992( If)1 119( operands.)1 413(operator concatenates its two)3 1167 4 1709 4800 t
( one operand must have one component, and)7 1815( not, then)2 387( If)1 122(ponents, they are concatenated pairwise.)4 1636 4 1440 4920 t
(the other must be non\255empty, and concatenation is distributive.)8 2520 1 1440 5040 t
( s)1 2( ts)1 41( et)1 30( re)1 46( ar)1 35( Ca)1 46( C)1 110( ee e)2 48( re)1 46(F Fr)1 91 10 870 5208 t
(In most circumstances,)2 928 1 1080 5328 t
10 I f
(rc)2038 5328 w
10 R f
(will insert the)2 560 1 2151 5328 t
10 CW f
(^)2741 5328 w
10 R f
( separated by)2 538(operator automatically between words that are not)6 2031 2 2831 5328 t
( one of)2 295( Whenever)1 468(white space.)1 502 3 1080 5448 t
10 CW f
($ ' `)2 248 1 2379 5448 t
10 R f
( or unquoted word or an unquoted word follows a)9 2055(follows a quoted)2 684 2 2661 5448 t
(quoted word with no intervening blanks or tabs, a)8 2096 1 1080 5568 t
10 CW f
(^)3215 5568 w
10 R f
( an unquoted word)3 788( If)1 130(is inserted between the two.)4 1168 3 3314 5568 t
(immediately follows a)2 926 1 1080 5688 t
10 CW f
($)2047 5688 w
10 R f
( underscore, or)2 625(and contains a character other than an alphanumeric,)7 2211 2 2148 5688 t
10 CW f
(*)5024 5688 w
10 R f
(, a)1 109 1 5084 5688 t
10 CW f
(^)5233 5688 w
10 R f
(is)5333 5688 w
( Thus)1 250(inserted before the first such character.)5 1550 2 1080 5808 t
10 CW f
(cc \255$flags $stem.c)2 1080 1 1440 5976 t
10 R f
(is equivalent to)2 611 1 1080 6144 t
10 CW f
(cc \255^$flags $stem^.c)2 1200 1 1440 6312 t
10 R f
( s)1 2( on ns)2 93( ti io)2 82( ec ct)2 76( re)1 46( ir)1 35( di)1 30( ed)1 52( Re)1 46( R)1 110( O)1 2( /O)1 74(I I/)1 63 13 870 6480 t
(The sequence)1 548 1 1080 6600 t
10 CW f
(>)1656 6600 w
10 I f
(file)1724 6600 w
10 R f
( \(file descriptor 1, normally the terminal\) to the named)9 2216(redirects the standard output file)4 1304 2 1880 6600 t
10 I f
(file;)1080 6720 w
10 CW f
(>>)1270 6720 w
10 I f
(file)1398 6720 w
10 R f
( standard input file \(file descriptor 0, also normally the)9 2213( The)1 208(appends standard output to the file.)5 1424 3 1555 6720 t
(terminal\) may be redirected from a file by the sequence)9 2294 1 1080 6840 t
10 CW f
(<)3408 6840 w
10 I f
(file)3476 6840 w
10 CW f
(,)3612 6840 w
10 R f
( `here document' by the)4 993(or from an inline)3 701 2 3706 6840 t
(sequence)1080 6960 w
10 CW f
(<<)1475 6960 w
10 I f
(eof\255marker.)1603 6960 w
10 R f
( input)1 235(The contents of a here document are lines of text taken from the command)13 3039 2 2126 6960 t
( but the)2 306(stream up to a line containing nothing)6 1528 2 1080 7080 t
10 I f
(eof\255marker,)2942 7080 w
10 R f
(which may be either a quoted or unquoted word.)8 1962 1 3438 7080 t
(If)1080 7200 w
10 I f
(eof\255marker)1192 7200 w
10 R f
(is unquoted, variable names of the form)6 1715 1 1681 7200 t
10 CW f
($)3442 7200 w
10 I f
(word)3510 7200 w
10 R f
(have their values substituted from)4 1438 1 3762 7200 t
10 I f
(rc's)5245 7200 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 117)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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144 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( RC)1 4266(RC \( 1 \))3 274 3 720 480 t
(environment. If)1 647 1 1080 960 t
10 CW f
($)1753 960 w
10 I f
(word)1821 960 w
10 R f
(is followed by a caret \()5 922 1 2053 960 t
10 CW f
(^)2975 960 w
10 R f
( If)1 118( caret is deleted.)3 654(\), the)1 206 3 3035 960 t
10 I f
(eof\255marker)4040 960 w
10 R f
(is quoted, no substitu\255)3 890 1 4510 960 t
(tion occurs.)1 466 1 1080 1080 t
( input or output by qualifying the redi\255)7 1583(Redirections may be applied to a file\255descriptor other than standard)9 2737 2 1080 1248 t
( example, the diagnostic output \(file descriptor 2\))7 2045( For)1 199(rection operator with a number in square brackets.)7 2076 3 1080 1368 t
(may be redirected by writing)4 1153 1 1080 1488 t
10 CW f
(cc junk.c >[2]junk)2 1080 1 2258 1488 t
10 R f
(.)3338 1488 w
( may be redirected to an already open descriptor by writing)10 2401(A file descriptor)2 660 2 1080 1656 t
10 CW f
(>[)4170 1656 w
10 I f
(fd0)4298 1656 w
10 CW f
(=)4434 1656 w
10 I f
(fd1)4502 1656 w
10 CW f
(])4638 1656 w
10 R f
(or)4727 1656 w
10 CW f
(<[)4839 1656 w
10 I f
(fd0)4967 1656 w
10 CW f
(=)5103 1656 w
10 I f
(fd1)5171 1656 w
10 CW f
(])5307 1656 w
10 I f
(.)5375 1656 w
(Fd1)1080 1776 w
10 R f
( previously opened file descriptor and)5 1516(is a)1 138 2 1268 1776 t
10 I f
(fd0)2948 1776 w
10 R f
(becomes a new copy \(in the sense of)7 1467 1 3102 1776 t
10 I f
(dup)4595 1776 w
10 R f
( file)1 159( A)1 123(\(2\)\) of it.)2 365 3 4753 1776 t
(descriptor may be closed by writing)5 1434 1 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(>[)2539 1896 w
10 I f
(fd0)2667 1896 w
10 CW f
(=])2803 1896 w
10 R f
(or)2948 1896 w
10 CW f
(<[)3056 1896 w
10 I f
(fd0)3184 1896 w
10 CW f
(=])3320 1896 w
10 I f
(.)3448 1896 w
10 R f
( Therefore,)1 478(Redirections are executed from left to right.)6 1815 2 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(cc junk.c >/dev/null >[2=1])3 1653 1 3409 2064 t
10 R f
(and)5099 2064 w
10 CW f
(cc)5280 2064 w
( >/dev/null)1 667(junk.c >[2=1])1 788 2 1080 2184 t
10 R f
(have different effects)2 860 1 2567 2184 t
10 S f
(-)3459 2184 w
10 R f
(the first puts standard output in)5 1282 1 3546 2184 t
10 CW f
(/dev/null)4860 2184 w
10 R f
( termi\255)1 275(and then puts diagnostic output in the same place, where the second directs diagnostic output to the)16 4045 2 1080 2304 t
(nal and sends standard output to)5 1285 1 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(/dev/null)2390 2424 w
10 R f
(.)2930 2424 w
( s)1 2( nd ds)2 93( an)1 52( mm ma)2 126( om)1 80( Co)1 52( C)1 110( po ou un nd d)5 210( mp)1 52( om)1 80(C Co)1 119 11 870 2592 t
(A pair of commands separated by a pipe operator \()9 2070 1 1080 2712 t
10 CW f
(|)3150 2712 w
10 R f
( standard output of the left com\255)6 1323( The)1 211(\) is a command.)3 656 3 3210 2712 t
( pipe operator may be deco\255)5 1151( The)1 212( standard input of the right command.)6 1549(mand is sent through a pipe to the)7 1408 4 1080 2832 t
(rated to use different file descriptors.)5 1489 1 1080 2952 t
10 CW f
(|[)2622 2952 w
10 I f
(fd)2750 2952 w
10 CW f
(])2836 2952 w
10 R f
(connects the output end of the pipe to file descriptor)9 2110 1 2924 2952 t
10 I f
(fd)5062 2952 w
10 R f
(rather)5168 2952 w
(than 1.)1 272 1 1080 3072 t
10 CW f
(|[)1402 3072 w
10 I f
(fd0)1530 3072 w
10 CW f
(=)1666 3072 w
10 I f
(fd1)1734 3072 w
10 CW f
(])1870 3072 w
10 R f
(connects output to)2 733 1 1955 3072 t
10 I f
(fd0)2713 3072 w
10 R f
(of the left command and input to)6 1310 1 2866 3072 t
10 I f
(fd1)4201 3072 w
10 R f
(of the right command.)3 888 1 4354 3072 t
(A pair of commands separated by)5 1344 1 1080 3240 t
10 CW f
(&&)2449 3240 w
10 R f
(or)2594 3240 w
10 CW f
(||)2702 3240 w
10 R f
( is executed and)3 643( either case, the left command)5 1197( In)1 133(is a command.)2 580 4 2847 3240 t
( operator is)2 451( the)1 149( If)1 118(its exit status examined.)3 967 4 1080 3360 t
10 CW f
(&&)2791 3360 w
10 R f
(the right command is executed if the left command's status is)10 2463 1 2937 3360 t
(null.)1080 3480 w
10 CW f
(||)1311 3480 w
10 R f
(causes the right command to be executed if the left command's status is non\255null.)13 3257 1 1456 3480 t
( null is changed to non\255null\) by)6 1279(The exit status of a command may be inverted \(non\255null is changed to null,)13 3041 2 1080 3648 t
(preceding it with a)3 746 1 1080 3768 t
10 CW f
(!)1851 3768 w
10 R f
(.)1911 3768 w
(The)1080 3936 w
10 CW f
(|)1261 3936 w
10 R f
( than the right.\))3 622(operator has highest precedence, and is left\255associative \(i.e. binds tighter to the left)12 3319 2 1347 3936 t
10 CW f
(!)5340 3936 w
10 R f
(has intermediate precedence, and)3 1323 1 1080 4056 t
10 CW f
(&&)2428 4056 w
10 R f
(and)2573 4056 w
10 CW f
(||)2742 4056 w
10 R f
(have the lowest precedence.)3 1118 1 2887 4056 t
(The unary)1 407 1 1080 4224 t
10 CW f
(@)1512 4224 w
10 R f
(operator, with precedence equal to)4 1376 1 1597 4224 t
10 CW f
(!)2998 4224 w
10 R f
(, causes its operand to be executed in a subshell.)9 1927 1 3058 4224 t
(Each of the following is a command.)6 1473 1 1080 4392 t
10 CW f
(if \()1 240 1 1080 4512 t
10 I f
(list)1345 4512 w
10 CW f
(\))1493 4512 w
10 I f
(command)1578 4512 w
10 R f
(A)1440 4632 w
10 I f
(list)1540 4632 w
10 R f
( sequence of commands, separated by)5 1527(is a)1 139 2 1691 4632 t
10 CW f
(&)3386 4632 w
10 R f
(,)3446 4632 w
10 CW f
(;)3500 4632 w
10 R f
( is executed and if its exit sta\255)7 1218( It)1 115(, or newline.)2 507 3 3560 4632 t
(tus is null, the)3 562 1 1440 4752 t
10 I f
(command)2027 4752 w
10 R f
(is executed.)1 471 1 2440 4752 t
10 CW f
(if not)1 360 1 1080 4872 t
10 I f
(command)1465 4872 w
10 R f
(The immediately preceding command must have been)6 2241 1 1440 4992 t
10 CW f
(if\()3719 4992 w
10 I f
(list)3907 4992 w
10 CW f
(\))4038 4992 w
10 I f
(command.)4137 4992 w
10 R f
(If its condition was)3 811 1 4589 4992 t
(non\255zero, the)1 526 1 1440 5112 t
10 I f
(command)1991 5112 w
10 R f
(is executed.)1 471 1 2404 5112 t
10 CW f
(for\()1080 5232 w
10 I f
(name)1328 5232 w
10 CW f
(in)1569 5232 w
10 I f
(arguments)1714 5232 w
10 CW f
(\))2144 5232 w
10 I f
(command)2229 5232 w
10 CW f
(for\()1080 5352 w
10 I f
(name)1328 5352 w
10 CW f
(\))1552 5352 w
10 I f
(command)1637 5352 w
10 R f
(The)1440 5472 w
10 I f
(command)1630 5472 w
10 R f
(is executed once for each)4 1051 1 2053 5472 t
10 I f
(argument)3140 5472 w
10 R f
(with that argument assigned to)4 1271 1 3559 5472 t
10 I f
(name)4866 5472 w
10 R f
( the)1 158(. If)1 152 2 5090 5472 t
(argument list is omitted,)3 973 1 1440 5592 t
10 CW f
($*)2438 5592 w
10 R f
(is used.)1 300 1 2583 5592 t
10 CW f
(while\()1080 5712 w
10 I f
(list)1448 5712 w
10 CW f
(\))1579 5712 w
10 I f
(command)1664 5712 w
10 R f
(The)1440 5832 w
10 I f
(list)1623 5832 w
10 R f
( time it returns null status, the)6 1216( Each)1 253(is executed repeatedly until its exit status is non\255null.)8 2156 3 1775 5832 t
10 I f
(command)1440 5952 w
10 R f
( empty)1 275( The)1 205(is executed.)1 471 3 1853 5952 t
10 I f
(list)2829 5952 w
10 R f
(always yields zero status.)3 1015 1 2977 5952 t
10 CW f
(switch\()1080 6072 w
10 I f
(argument)1508 6072 w
10 CW f
(\){)1899 6072 w
10 I f
(list)2027 6072 w
10 CW f
(})2158 6072 w
10 R f
(The)1440 6192 w
10 I f
(list)1626 6192 w
10 R f
(is searched for simple commands beginning with the word)8 2384 1 1780 6192 t
10 CW f
(case)4195 6192 w
10 R f
( at)1 104( search is only)3 592(. \(The)1 269 3 4435 6192 t
(the `top level' of the)4 899 1 1440 6312 t
10 I f
(list)2385 6312 w
10 R f
( is,)1 137(. That)1 278 2 2516 6312 t
10 CW f
(cases)2976 6312 w
10 R f
(in nested constructs are not found.\))5 1503 1 3321 6312 t
10 I f
(Argument)4894 6312 w
10 R f
(is)5333 6312 w
(matched against each word following)4 1609 1 1440 6432 t
10 CW f
(case)3102 6432 w
10 R f
( described)1 436(using the pattern\255matching algorithm)3 1569 2 3395 6432 t
(above, except that)2 733 1 1440 6552 t
10 CW f
(/)2203 6552 w
10 R f
(and the first characters of)4 1033 1 2293 6552 t
10 CW f
(.)3356 6552 w
10 R f
(and)3446 6552 w
10 CW f
(..)3619 6552 w
10 R f
( a)1 73( When)1 292(need not be matched explicitly.)4 1267 3 3768 6552 t
( the list are executed up to the next following)9 1815(match is found, commands in)4 1180 2 1440 6672 t
10 CW f
(case)4461 6672 w
10 R f
(command \(at the)2 673 1 4727 6672 t
(top level\) or the closing parenthesis.)5 1448 1 1440 6792 t
10 CW f
({)1080 6912 w
10 I f
(list)1148 6912 w
10 CW f
(})1279 6912 w
10 R f
( The)1 221(Braces serve to alter the grouping of commands implied by operator priorities.)11 3310 2 1440 7032 t
10 I f
(body)5012 7032 w
10 R f
(is a)1 153 1 5247 7032 t
(sequence of commands separated by)4 1457 1 1440 7152 t
10 CW f
(&)2922 7152 w
10 R f
(,)2982 7152 w
10 CW f
(;)3032 7152 w
10 R f
(, or newline.)2 499 1 3092 7152 t
( 118)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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145 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( RC)1 4266(RC \( 1 \))3 274 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(fn)1080 960 w
10 I f
(name)1268 960 w
10 CW f
({)1492 960 w
10 I f
(list)1560 960 w
10 CW f
(})1691 960 w
(fn)1080 1080 w
10 I f
(name)1268 1080 w
10 R f
(The first form defines a function with the given)8 2065 1 1440 1200 t
10 I f
(name)3551 1200 w
10 R f
( a command)2 532( whenever)1 433(. Subsequently,)1 660 3 3775 1200 t
(whose first argument is)3 941 1 1440 1320 t
10 I f
(name)2408 1320 w
10 R f
(is encountered, the current value of the remainder of the command's)10 2749 1 2651 1320 t
(argument list will be assigned to)5 1352 1 1440 1440 t
10 CW f
($*)2828 1440 w
10 R f
(, after saving its current value, and)6 1446 1 2948 1440 t
10 I f
(rc)4431 1440 w
10 R f
(will execute the)2 656 1 4551 1440 t
10 I f
(list)5244 1440 w
10 R f
(.)5375 1440 w
(The second form removes)3 1039 1 1440 1560 t
10 I f
(name)2504 1560 w
10 R f
('s function definition.)2 869 1 2728 1560 t
10 CW f
(fn)1080 1680 w
10 I f
(note)1268 1680 w
10 CW f
({)1448 1680 w
10 I f
(list)1516 1680 w
10 CW f
(})1647 1680 w
(fn)1080 1800 w
10 I f
(note)1268 1800 w
10 R f
( when)1 250(A function with the name of a note is defined in the usual way, but called)15 3049 2 1440 1920 t
10 I f
(rc)4773 1920 w
10 R f
(receives that)1 510 1 4890 1920 t
(note; see)1 388 1 1440 2040 t
10 I f
(notify)1889 2040 w
10 R f
( valid note names are)4 992(\(2\). The)1 382 2 2125 2040 t
10 CW f
(sigexit)3560 2040 w
10 R f
(,)3980 2040 w
10 CW f
(sighup)4065 2040 w
10 R f
(,)4425 2040 w
10 CW f
(sigint)4510 2040 w
10 R f
(,)4870 2040 w
10 CW f
(sigquit)4955 2040 w
10 R f
(,)5375 2040 w
10 CW f
(sigalrm)1440 2160 w
10 R f
(,)1860 2160 w
10 CW f
(sigbpt)1975 2160 w
10 R f
(,)2335 2160 w
10 CW f
(sigrange)2451 2160 w
10 R f
(,)2931 2160 w
10 CW f
(sigodd)3047 2160 w
10 R f
(,)3407 2160 w
10 CW f
(sigbadsys)3523 2160 w
10 R f
(,)4063 2160 w
10 CW f
(sigoddstack)4179 2160 w
10 R f
(,)4839 2160 w
10 CW f
(sigpipe)4955 2160 w
10 R f
(,)5375 2160 w
10 CW f
(sigtrap)1440 2280 w
10 R f
(, and)1 205 1 1860 2280 t
10 CW f
(sigfpe)2101 2280 w
10 R f
( default)1 313(. By)1 203 2 2461 2280 t
10 I f
(rc)3013 2280 w
10 R f
( interac\255)1 339(exits on receiving any signal, except when run)7 1929 2 3132 2280 t
(tively, in which case interrupts and quits normally cause)8 2322 1 1440 2400 t
10 I f
(rc)3796 2400 w
10 R f
( start)1 207(to stop whatever it's doing and)5 1280 2 3913 2400 t
( second form causes)3 815( The)1 209(reading a new command.)3 1015 3 1440 2520 t
10 I f
(rc)3507 2520 w
10 R f
(to handle a signal in the default manner.)7 1624 1 3618 2520 t
10 I f
(Rc)5295 2520 w
10 R f
(recognizes an artificial signal,)3 1197 1 1440 2640 t
10 CW f
(sigexit)2662 2640 w
10 R f
(, which occurs when)3 820 1 3082 2640 t
10 I f
(rc)3927 2640 w
10 R f
(is about to finish executing.)4 1108 1 4035 2640 t
10 I f
(name)1080 2760 w
10 CW f
(=)1304 2760 w
10 I f
(argument command)1 796 1 1372 2760 t
10 R f
( The)1 208(Any command may be preceded by a sequence of assignments interspersed with redirections.)12 3752 2 1440 2880 t
( command, unless the command is empty \(i.e. the)8 2003(assignments remain in effect until the end of the)8 1957 2 1440 3000 t
(assignments stand alone\), in which case they are effective until rescinded by later assignments.)13 3790 1 1440 3120 t
( s)1 2( nd ds)2 93( an)1 52( mm ma)2 126( om)1 80( Co)1 52( C)1 110( n)1 2( in)1 52( \255i)1 30( il lt t\255)3 95( ui)1 30(B Bu)1 119 13 870 3288 t
(These commands are executed internally by)5 1764 1 1080 3408 t
10 I f
(rc)2871 3408 w
10 R f
(, usually because their execution changes or depends on)8 2247 1 2962 3408 t
10 I f
(rc)5237 3408 w
10 R f
('s)5328 3408 w
(internal state.)1 538 1 1080 3528 t
10 CW f
(.)1080 3648 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1173 3648 t
10 R f
(Execute commands from)2 1006 1 1440 3768 t
10 I f
(file)2475 3768 w
10 R f
(.)2611 3768 w
10 CW f
($*)2690 3768 w
10 R f
( for the duration to the remainder of the argument list fol\255)11 2354(is set)1 207 2 2839 3768 t
(lowing)1440 3888 w
10 I f
(file)1743 3888 w
10 R f
(.)1879 3888 w
10 I f
(File)1954 3888 w
10 R f
(is searched for using)3 823 1 2140 3888 t
10 CW f
($path)2988 3888 w
10 R f
(.)3288 3888 w
10 CW f
(builtin)1080 4008 w
10 I f
(command ...)1 488 1 1533 4008 t
10 R f
(Execute)1440 4128 w
10 I f
(command)1786 4128 w
10 R f
(as usual except that any function named)6 1597 1 2199 4128 t
10 I f
(command)3821 4128 w
10 R f
(is ignored.)1 422 1 4234 4128 t
10 CW f
(cd [)1 240 1 1080 4248 t
10 I f
(dir)1328 4248 w
10 CW f
(])1453 4248 w
10 R f
(Change the current directory to)4 1271 1 1440 4368 t
10 I f
(dir)2742 4368 w
10 R f
( is)1 99( default argument)2 716(. The)1 236 3 2867 4368 t
10 CW f
($home)3950 4368 w
10 R f
(.)4250 4368 w
10 I f
(dir)4332 4368 w
10 R f
(is searched for in each)4 919 1 4481 4368 t
(of the directories mentioned in)4 1226 1 1440 4488 t
10 CW f
($cdpath)2691 4488 w
10 R f
(.)3111 4488 w
10 CW f
(eval [)1 360 1 1080 4608 t
10 I f
(arg ...)1 239 1 1448 4608 t
10 CW f
(])1695 4608 w
10 R f
( into a single string, read as input to)8 1494(The arguments are concatenated separated by spaces)6 2140 2 1440 4728 t
10 I f
(rc)5107 4728 w
10 R f
(, and)1 202 1 5198 4728 t
(executed.)1440 4848 w
10 CW f
(exec [)1 360 1 1080 4968 t
10 I f
(command ...)1 488 1 1448 4968 t
10 CW f
(])1944 4968 w
10 R f
(This instance of)2 638 1 1440 5088 t
10 I f
(rc)2103 5088 w
10 R f
(replaces itself with the given \(non\255built\255in\))5 1717 1 2211 5088 t
10 I f
(command)3953 5088 w
10 R f
(.)4349 5088 w
10 CW f
(flag)1080 5208 w
10 I f
(f)1388 5208 w
10 CW f
([+\255])1484 5208 w
10 R f
(Either set \()2 442 1 1440 5328 t
10 CW f
(+)1882 5328 w
10 R f
(\), clear \()2 338 1 1942 5328 t
10 CW f
(\255)2280 5328 w
10 R f
(\), or test \(neither)3 671 1 2340 5328 t
10 CW f
(+)3038 5328 w
10 R f
(nor)3125 5328 w
10 CW f
(\255)3285 5328 w
10 R f
(\) the flag)2 364 1 3345 5328 t
10 I f
(f)3736 5328 w
10 R f
(, where)1 295 1 3772 5328 t
10 I f
(f)4094 5328 w
10 R f
( the)1 150(is a single character, one of)5 1101 2 4149 5328 t
(command line flags \(see Invocation, below\).)5 1777 1 1440 5448 t
10 CW f
(exit [)1 360 1 1080 5568 t
10 I f
(status)1448 5568 w
10 CW f
(])1690 5568 w
10 R f
( none is given, the current value of)7 1386( If)1 116(Exit with the given exit status.)5 1217 3 1440 5688 t
10 CW f
($status)4184 5688 w
10 R f
(is used.)1 300 1 4629 5688 t
10 CW f
(rfork)1080 5808 w
10 R f
([)1440 5808 w
10 CW f
(nNeEsfF)1473 5808 w
10 R f
(])1893 5808 w
( group using)2 506(Become a new process)3 917 2 1440 5928 t
10 CW f
(rfork\()2891 5928 w
10 I f
(flags)3259 5928 w
10 CW f
(\))3462 5928 w
10 R f
(where)3550 5928 w
10 I f
(flags)3821 5928 w
10 R f
(is composed of the bitwise OR of)6 1356 1 4044 5928 t
(the)1440 6048 w
10 CW f
(rfork)1591 6048 w
10 R f
(flags specified by the option letters \(see)6 1604 1 1920 6048 t
10 I f
(fork)3552 6048 w
10 R f
( no)1 128(\(2\)\). If)1 293 2 3721 6048 t
10 I f
(flags)4170 6048 w
10 R f
(are given, they default to)4 1007 1 4393 6048 t
10 CW f
(ens)1440 6168 w
10 R f
(. The)1 244 1 1620 6168 t
10 I f
(flags)1903 6168 w
10 R f
(and their meanings are:)3 976 1 2137 6168 t
10 CW f
(n)3152 6168 w
10 R f
(is)3251 6168 w
10 CW f
(RFNAMEG)3357 6168 w
10 R f
(;)3777 6168 w
10 CW f
(N)3844 6168 w
10 R f
(is)3943 6168 w
10 CW f
(RFCNAMEG)4050 6168 w
10 R f
(;)4530 6168 w
10 CW f
(e)4598 6168 w
10 R f
(is)4698 6168 w
10 CW f
(RFENVG)4805 6168 w
10 R f
(;)5165 6168 w
10 CW f
(E)5233 6168 w
10 R f
(is)5333 6168 w
10 CW f
(RFCENVG)1440 6288 w
10 R f
(;)1860 6288 w
10 CW f
(s)1913 6288 w
10 R f
(is)1998 6288 w
10 CW f
(RFNOTEG)2090 6288 w
10 R f
(;)2510 6288 w
10 CW f
(f)2563 6288 w
10 R f
(is)2648 6288 w
10 CW f
(RFFDG)2740 6288 w
10 R f
(; and)1 197 1 3040 6288 t
10 CW f
(F)3262 6288 w
10 R f
(is)3347 6288 w
10 CW f
(RFCFDG)3439 6288 w
10 R f
(.)3799 6288 w
10 CW f
(shift [)1 420 1 1080 6408 t
10 I f
(n)1508 6408 w
10 CW f
(])1566 6408 w
10 R f
(Delete the first)2 593 1 1440 6528 t
10 I f
(n)2058 6528 w
10 R f
(\(default 1\) elements of)3 906 1 2133 6528 t
10 CW f
($*)3064 6528 w
10 R f
(.)3184 6528 w
10 CW f
(wait [)1 360 1 1080 6648 t
10 I f
(pid)1448 6648 w
10 CW f
(])1584 6648 w
10 R f
(Wait for the process with the given)6 1457 1 1440 6768 t
10 I f
(pid)2931 6768 w
10 R f
( no)1 135( If)1 126(to exit.)1 288 3 3094 6768 t
10 I f
(pid)3678 6768 w
10 R f
(is given, all outstanding processes are)5 1559 1 3841 6768 t
(waited for.)1 432 1 1440 6888 t
10 CW f
(whatis)1080 7008 w
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1473 7008 t
10 R f
(Print the value of each)4 902 1 1440 7128 t
10 I f
(name)2368 7128 w
10 R f
(in a form suitable for input to)6 1189 1 2610 7128 t
10 I f
(rc)3826 7128 w
10 R f
( output is an assignment to any)6 1251(. The)1 232 2 3917 7128 t
(variable, the definition of any function, a call to)8 2060 1 1440 7248 t
10 CW f
(builtin)3543 7248 w
10 R f
(for any built\255in command, or the)5 1394 1 4006 7248 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 119)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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146 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( RC)1 4266(RC \( 1 \))3 274 3 720 480 t
(completed pathname of any executable file.)5 1740 1 1440 960 t
10 CW f
(~)1080 1080 w
10 I f
(subject pattern ...)2 697 1 1173 1080 t
10 R f
(The)1440 1200 w
10 I f
(subject)1627 1200 w
10 R f
(is matched against each)3 966 1 1942 1200 t
10 I f
(pattern)2940 1200 w
10 R f
( it matches any pattern,)4 961( If)1 124(in sequence.)1 501 3 3261 1200 t
10 CW f
($status)4880 1200 w
10 R f
(is)5333 1200 w
( Otherwise,)1 492(set to zero.)2 449 2 1440 1320 t
10 CW f
($status)2412 1320 w
10 R f
( are the same as for file name matching,)8 1641( Patterns)1 378(is set to one.)3 518 3 2863 1320 t
(except that)1 438 1 1440 1440 t
10 CW f
(/)1906 1440 w
10 R f
(and the first character of)4 986 1 1994 1440 t
10 CW f
(.)3008 1440 w
10 R f
(and)3096 1440 w
10 CW f
(..)3268 1440 w
10 R f
( The)1 209(need not be matched explicitly.)4 1267 2 3417 1440 t
10 I f
(patterns)4922 1440 w
10 R f
(are)5279 1440 w
( before the)2 464(not subjected to file name matching)5 1529 2 1440 1560 t
10 CW f
(~)3477 1560 w
10 R f
(command is executed, so they need not be)7 1819 1 3581 1560 t
(enclosed in quotation marks.)3 1149 1 1440 1680 t
( t)1 2( nt)1 30( en)1 52( me)1 46( on nm)2 132( ro)1 52( ir)1 35( nv vi)2 82(E En)1 113 9 870 1848 t
(The)1080 1968 w
10 I f
(environment)1260 1968 w
10 R f
(is a list of strings made available to executing binaries by the)11 2439 1 1784 1968 t
10 CW f
(env)4248 1968 w
10 R f
(device \(see)1 445 1 4453 1968 t
10 I f
(env)4924 1968 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\).)5070 1968 w
10 I f
(Rc)5295 1968 w
10 R f
( string)1 254( The)1 206( environment entry for each variable whose value is non\255empty, and for each function.)13 3463(creates an)1 397 4 1080 2088 t
( by)1 135(for a variable entry has the variable's name followed)8 2177 2 1080 2208 t
10 CW f
(=)3427 2208 w
10 R f
( the value has more than one)6 1202( If)1 126(and its value.)2 550 3 3522 2208 t
( separated by ctrl\255a \()4 827(component, these are)2 851 2 1080 2328 t
10 CW f
('\\001')2758 2328 w
10 R f
( string for a function is just the)7 1244( The)1 207(\) characters.)1 488 3 3118 2328 t
10 I f
(rc)5084 2328 w
10 R f
(input)5194 2328 w
( name of a function in the environment is the function name preceded by)13 3072( The)1 218( function.)1 396(that defines the)2 634 4 1080 2448 t
10 CW f
(fn#)1080 2568 w
10 R f
(.)1260 2568 w
(When)1080 2736 w
10 I f
(rc)1343 2736 w
10 R f
(starts executing it reads variable and function definitions from its environment.)10 3160 1 1451 2736 t
( s)1 2( es)1 41( le)1 46( bl)1 30( ab)1 52( ia)1 46( ri)1 30( ar)1 35( Va)1 46( V)1 115( l)1 2( al)1 30( ia)1 46( ec ci)2 76( pe)1 46(S Sp)1 108 16 870 2904 t
(The following variables are set or used by)7 1677 1 1080 3024 t
10 I f
(rc)2782 3024 w
10 R f
(.)2873 3024 w
10 CW f
($*)1080 3144 w
10 R f
(Set to)1 238 1 1620 3144 t
10 I f
(rc)1890 3144 w
10 R f
( a)1 77( Whenever)1 467('s argument list during initialization.)4 1492 3 1981 3144 t
10 CW f
(.)4050 3144 w
10 R f
(command or a function is exe\255)5 1257 1 4143 3144 t
( saved and)2 437(cuted, the current value is)4 1064 2 1620 3264 t
10 CW f
($*)3154 3264 w
10 R f
( saved value is)3 609( The)1 213(receives the new argument list.)4 1271 3 3307 3264 t
(restored on completion of the)4 1176 1 1620 3384 t
10 CW f
(.)2821 3384 w
10 R f
(or function.)1 466 1 2906 3384 t
10 CW f
($apid)1080 3504 w
10 R f
(Whenever a process is started asynchronously with)6 2040 1 1620 3504 t
10 CW f
(&)3685 3504 w
10 R f
(,)3745 3504 w
10 CW f
($apid)3795 3504 w
10 R f
(is set to its process id.)5 878 1 4120 3504 t
10 CW f
($home)1080 3624 w
10 R f
(The default directory for)3 983 1 1620 3624 t
10 CW f
(cd)2628 3624 w
10 R f
(.)2748 3624 w
10 CW f
($ifs)1080 3744 w
10 R f
( If)1 119(The input field separators used in backquote substitutions.)7 2340 2 1620 3744 t
10 CW f
($ifs)4107 3744 w
10 R f
(is not set in)3 468 1 4375 3744 t
10 I f
(rc)4871 3744 w
10 R f
('s environ\255)1 438 1 4962 3744 t
(ment, it is initialized to blank, tab and newline.)8 1880 1 1620 3864 t
10 CW f
($path)1080 3984 w
10 R f
( path used to find commands and input files for the)10 2107(The search)1 440 2 1620 3984 t
10 CW f
(.)4199 3984 w
10 R f
( not set in the)4 567(command. If)1 542 2 4291 3984 t
(environment, it is initialized by)4 1361 1 1620 4104 t
10 CW f
(path=\(. /bin\))1 780 1 3033 4104 t
10 R f
( use)1 184( use is discouraged; instead)4 1201(. Its)1 202 3 3813 4104 t
10 I f
(bind)1620 4224 w
10 R f
(\(1\) to build a)3 519 1 1806 4224 t
10 CW f
(/bin)2350 4224 w
10 R f
(containing what's needed.)2 1045 1 2615 4224 t
10 CW f
($pid)1080 4344 w
10 R f
(Set during initialization to)3 1048 1 1620 4344 t
10 I f
(rc)2693 4344 w
10 R f
('s process id.)2 524 1 2784 4344 t
10 CW f
($prompt)1080 4464 w
10 R f
(When)1620 4464 w
10 I f
(rc)1888 4464 w
10 R f
(is run interactively, the first component of)6 1714 1 2001 4464 t
10 CW f
($prompt)3745 4464 w
10 R f
(is printed before reading each)4 1205 1 4195 4464 t
( typed and more lines are)5 1026( second component is printed whenever a newline is)8 2125(command. The)1 629 3 1620 4584 t
( not set in the environment, it is initialized by)9 2096( If)1 147(required to complete the command.)4 1537 3 1620 4704 t
10 CW f
(prompt=\('% ' ' '\))3 1020 1 1620 4824 t
10 R f
(.)2640 4824 w
10 CW f
($status)1080 4944 w
10 R f
( started with)2 502( \(unless)1 337(Set to the wait message of the last\255executed program.)8 2164 3 1620 4944 t
10 CW f
(&\). !)1 294 1 4652 4944 t
10 R f
(and)4975 4944 w
10 CW f
(~)5149 4944 w
10 R f
(also)5239 4944 w
(change)1620 5064 w
10 CW f
($status)1941 5064 w
10 R f
( control execution in)3 863( value is used to)4 700(. Its)1 189 3 2361 5064 t
10 CW f
(&&)4151 5064 w
10 R f
(,)4271 5064 w
10 CW f
(||)4334 5064 w
10 R f
(,)4454 5064 w
10 CW f
(if)4517 5064 w
10 R f
(and)4675 5064 w
10 CW f
(while)4857 5064 w
10 R f
(com\255)5195 5064 w
(mands. When)1 580 1 1620 5184 t
10 I f
(rc)2231 5184 w
10 R f
(exits at end\255of\255file of its input or on executing an)9 2015 1 2345 5184 t
10 CW f
(exit)4392 5184 w
10 R f
(command with no)2 736 1 4664 5184 t
(argument,)1620 5304 w
10 CW f
($status)2047 5304 w
10 R f
(is its exit status.)3 640 1 2492 5304 t
( on n)2 54( ti io)2 82( ca at)2 76( nv vo oc)3 150(I In)1 85 5 870 5472 t
(If)1080 5592 w
10 I f
(rc)1172 5592 w
10 R f
( argu\255)1 237( its first non\255flag)3 672( Otherwise)1 461(is started with no arguments it reads commands from standard input.)10 2749 4 1281 5592 t
( read commands \(but see)4 1060(ment is the name of a file from which to)9 1768 2 1080 5712 t
10 CW f
(\255c)3950 5712 w
10 R f
( arguments)1 458(below\). Subsequent)1 830 2 4112 5712 t
(become the initial value of)4 1065 1 1080 5832 t
10 CW f
($*)2170 5832 w
10 R f
(.)2290 5832 w
10 I f
(Rc)2365 5832 w
10 R f
(accepts the following command\255line flags.)4 1700 1 2495 5832 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 5952 w
10 I f
(string)1233 5952 w
10 R f
(Commands are read from)3 1017 1 1614 5952 t
10 I f
(string)2656 5952 w
10 R f
(.)2898 5952 w
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 6072 w
10 R f
(Print out exit status after any command where the status is non\255null.)11 2720 1 1614 6072 t
10 CW f
(\255e)1080 6192 w
10 R f
(Exit if)1 253 1 1614 6192 t
10 CW f
($status)1892 6192 w
10 R f
(is non\255null after executing a simple command.)6 1856 1 2337 6192 t
10 CW f
(\255i)1080 6312 w
10 R f
(If)1614 6312 w
10 CW f
(\255i)1709 6312 w
10 R f
(is present, or)2 521 1 1858 6312 t
10 I f
(rc)2408 6312 w
10 R f
( runs inter\255)2 448(is given no arguments and its standard input is a terminal, it)11 2432 2 2520 6312 t
( are prompted for using)4 937(actively. Commands)1 847 2 1614 6432 t
10 CW f
($prompt)3423 6432 w
10 R f
(.)3843 6432 w
10 CW f
(\255I)1080 6552 w
10 R f
(Makes sure)1 457 1 1614 6552 t
10 I f
(rc)2096 6552 w
10 R f
(is not run interactively.)3 927 1 2204 6552 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1080 6672 w
10 R f
(If)1614 6672 w
10 CW f
(\255l)1734 6672 w
10 R f
(is given or the first character of argument zero is)9 2212 1 1908 6672 t
10 CW f
(\255)4175 6672 w
10 R f
(,)4235 6672 w
10 I f
(rc)4315 6672 w
10 R f
(reads commands from)2 947 1 4453 6672 t
10 CW f
($home/lib/profile)1614 6792 w
10 R f
(, if it exists, before reading its normal input.)8 1757 1 2634 6792 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 6912 w
10 R f
(A no\255op.)1 355 1 1614 6912 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 7032 w
10 R f
(A no\255op.)1 355 1 1614 7032 t
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 7152 w
10 R f
(Echo input on file descriptor 2 as it is read.)9 1720 1 1614 7152 t
( 120)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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147 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( RC)1 4266(RC \( 1 \))3 274 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(\255x)1080 960 w
10 R f
(Print each simple command before executing it.)6 2007 1 1614 960 t
10 CW f
(\255r)3687 960 w
10 R f
( information \(internal)2 894(Print debugging)1 658 2 3848 960 t
(form of commands as they are executed\).)6 1648 1 1614 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 1248 t
10 R f
(It's too slow and too big.)5 1000 1 1080 1368 t
(There should be a way to match patterns against whole lists rather than just single strings.)15 3585 1 1080 1488 t
(Using)1080 1608 w
10 CW f
(~)1344 1608 w
10 R f
(to check the value of)4 831 1 1429 1608 t
10 CW f
($status)2285 1608 w
10 R f
(changes)2730 1608 w
10 CW f
($status)3076 1608 w
10 R f
(.)3496 1608 w
(Functions that use here documents don't work.)6 1873 1 1080 1728 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 121)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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148 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( RL)1 4272(RL \( 1 \))3 268 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(rl)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1166 1080 w
10 R f
(put table of contents in libraries)5 1268 1 1256 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(rl)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 I f
(\255v)1283 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1385 1368 t
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1501 1368 t
10 R f
(])1842 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(rl)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( load\255)1 233( The)1 208( which should be archives of one type of object files.)10 2140(add tables of contents to the named files,)7 1645 4 1174 1656 t
(ers \(see)1 301 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(2l)1406 1776 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\) need a table of contents in libraries.)7 1596 1 1492 1776 t
(The)1080 1944 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1267 1944 w
10 R f
(option prints debugging information \(the names of the symbols, their type, and their offset in the)15 3981 1 1419 1944 t
(archive\).)1080 2064 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2232 t
10 I f
(ar)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1177 2352 w
10 I f
(2l)1343 2352 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1429 2352 w
10 I f
(nm)1595 2352 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1725 2352 w
( 122)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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149 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( RM)1 4244(RM \( 1 \))3 296 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(rm)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1216 1080 w
10 R f
(remove files)1 496 1 1306 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(rm)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255fr)1283 1368 w
10 R f
(])1488 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1546 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Rm)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( of a file requires)4 733( Removal)1 424( directory is removed only if it is empty.)8 1709( A)1 134(removes files or directories.)3 1150 5 1250 1656 t
( options are)2 466( The)1 205(write permission in its directory, but neither read nor write permission on the file itself.)14 3485 3 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 1944 w
10 R f
(Don't report files that can't be removed.)6 1610 1 1440 1944 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 2112 w
10 R f
(Recursively delete the entire contents of a directory and the directory itself.)11 3010 1 1440 2112 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2280 t
10 I f
(remove)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1381 2400 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 123)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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150 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( SAM)1 4183(SAM \( 1 \))3 357 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(sam, B)1 278 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1383 1080 w
10 R f
(screen editor with structural regular expressions)5 1915 1 1473 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(sam)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1343 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1724 1368 t
10 I f
(files)1840 1368 w
10 R f
(])2032 1368 w
10 CW f
(sam \255r)1 325 1 1080 1536 t
10 I f
(machine)1430 1536 w
10 CW f
(sam.save)1080 1704 w
(B)1080 1872 w
10 R f
([)1165 1872 w
10 CW f
(\255nnnn)1223 1872 w
10 R f
(])1548 1872 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1606 1872 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2040 t
10 I f
(Sam)1080 2160 w
10 R f
( copy is here called a)5 869( The)1 211( of an external file.)4 780( modifies a local copy)4 902( It)1 116(is a multi\255file editor.)3 837 6 1282 2160 t
10 I f
(file)5028 2160 w
10 R f
(. The)1 236 1 5164 2160 t
(files are listed in a menu available through mouse button 3 or the)12 2645 1 1080 2280 t
10 CW f
(n)3754 2280 w
10 R f
( associated)1 438( file has an)3 447(command. Each)1 672 3 3843 2280 t
( that indicates)2 587(name, usually the name of the external file from which it was read, and a `modified' bit)16 3733 2 1080 2400 t
( not read into the editor's file until)7 1381( external file is)3 602( The)1 207(whether the editor's file agrees with the external file.)8 2130 4 1080 2520 t
(it first becomes the current file)5 1308 1 1080 2640 t
10 S1 f
(\320)2388 2640 w
10 R f
( commands apply)2 739(that to which editing)3 873 2 2488 2640 t
10 S1 f
(\320)4100 2640 w
10 R f
(whereupon its menu entry is)4 1200 1 4200 2640 t
( options are)2 466(printed. The)1 513 2 1080 2760 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 2928 w
10 R f
(Do not download the terminal part of)6 1499 1 1440 2928 t
10 I f
(sam.)2966 2928 w
10 R f
(Editing will be done with the command language only,)8 2220 1 3180 2928 t
(as in)1 186 1 1440 3048 t
10 I f
(ed)1651 3048 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)1753 3048 w
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 3216 w
10 I f
(machine)1233 3216 w
10 R f
(Run the host part remotely on the specified machine, the terminal part locally.)12 3118 1 1440 3336 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 3504 w
10 I f
(path)1233 3504 w
10 R f
( meaningful with the)3 830( Only)1 250(Start the host part from the specified file on the remote host.)11 2408 3 1440 3624 t
10 CW f
(\255r)4953 3624 w
10 R f
(option.)5098 3624 w
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 3792 w
10 I f
(path)1233 3792 w
10 R f
( for debugging.)2 613( Useful)1 316(Start the terminal part from the specified file.)7 1808 3 1440 3912 t
( s)1 2( on ns)2 93( io)1 52( ss si)2 71( es)1 41( re)1 46( xp pr)2 87( ex)1 52( e)1 87( r)1 2( ar)1 35( la)1 46( gu ul)2 82( eg)1 52(R Re)1 113 15 870 4080 t
(Regular expressions are as in)4 1164 1 1080 4200 t
10 I f
(regexp)2269 4200 w
10 R f
(\(6\) with the addition of)4 927 1 2548 4200 t
10 CW f
(\\n)3500 4200 w
10 R f
( expression)1 453( regular)1 307( A)1 122(to represent newlines.)2 873 4 3645 4200 t
( expression stands for the last complete)6 1624( empty regular)2 602( The)1 215(may never contain a literal newline character.)6 1879 4 1080 4320 t
( regular expression in)3 925( A)1 143(expression encountered.)1 985 3 1080 4440 t
10 I f
(sam)3180 4440 w
10 R f
(matches the longest leftmost substring formally)5 2012 1 3388 4440 t
( the reverse direction is equivalent to searching backwards with)9 2626( in)1 114( Searching)1 460(matched by the expression.)3 1120 4 1080 4560 t
(the catenation operations reversed in the expression.)6 2087 1 1080 4680 t
( s)1 2( es)1 41( ss se)2 87( es)1 41( re)1 46( dd dr)2 87(A Ad)1 124 7 870 4848 t
( the following, `character)3 1020( In)1 137( substring in a file.)4 763(An address identifies a)3 921 4 1080 4968 t
10 I f
(n)3950 4968 w
10 R f
(' means the null string after the)6 1272 1 4008 4968 t
10 I f
(n)5309 4968 w
10 R f
(\255)5367 4968 w
( `Line)1 272(th character in the file, with 1 the first character in the file.)12 2405 2 1080 5088 t
10 I f
(n)3788 5088 w
10 R f
(' means the)2 472 1 3846 5088 t
10 I f
(n)4348 5088 w
10 R f
(\255th match, starting at the)4 994 1 4406 5088 t
(beginning of the file, of the regular expression)7 1894 1 1080 5208 t
10 CW f
(.*\\n? .)1 426 1 3005 5208 t
10 R f
(All files always have a current substring, called)7 1938 1 3462 5208 t
(dot, that is the default address.)5 1218 1 1080 5328 t
( s)1 2( es)1 41( ss se)2 87( es)1 41( re)1 46( dd dr)2 87( Ad)1 52( A)1 115( e)1 2( le)1 46( pl)1 30( mp)1 52( im)1 80(S Si)1 86 14 870 5496 t
10 CW f
(#)1080 5616 w
10 I f
(n)1148 5616 w
10 R f
(The empty string after character)4 1279 1 1440 5616 t
10 I f
(n)2744 5616 w
10 R f
(;)2802 5616 w
10 CW f
(#0)2855 5616 w
10 R f
(is the beginning of the file.)5 1077 1 3000 5616 t
10 I f
(n)1080 5784 w
10 R f
(Line)1440 5784 w
10 I f
(n)1648 5784 w
10 R f
(.)1706 5784 w
10 CW f
(/)1080 5952 w
10 I f
(regexp)1148 5952 w
10 CW f
(/)1427 5952 w
(?)1080 6072 w
10 I f
(regexp)1148 6072 w
10 CW f
(?)1427 6072 w
10 R f
( found by looking toward the end \()7 1432(The substring that matches the regular expression,)6 2035 2 1440 6192 t
10 CW f
(/)4907 6192 w
10 R f
(\) or begin\255)2 433 1 4967 6192 t
(ning \()1 239 1 1440 6312 t
10 CW f
(?)1679 6312 w
10 R f
( the starting point)3 709( the file, and if necessary continuing the search from the other end to)13 2783(\) of)1 169 3 1739 6312 t
( matched substring may straddle the starting point.)7 2021( The)1 205(of the search.)2 534 3 1440 6432 t
10 CW f
(0)1080 6600 w
10 R f
( is not necessarily the null string; see)7 1474( This)1 228(The string before the first full line.)6 1384 3 1440 6600 t
10 CW f
(+)4551 6600 w
10 R f
(and)4636 6600 w
10 CW f
(\255)4805 6600 w
10 R f
(below.)4890 6600 w
10 CW f
($)1080 6768 w
10 R f
(The null string at the end of the file.)8 1440 1 1440 6768 t
10 CW f
(.)1080 6936 w
10 R f
(Dot.)1440 6936 w
10 CW f
(')1080 7104 w
10 R f
(The mark in the file \(see the)6 1125 1 1440 7104 t
10 CW f
(k)2590 7104 w
10 R f
(command below\).)1 721 1 2675 7104 t
( 124)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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151 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( SAM)1 4183(SAM \( 1 \))3 357 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(")1080 960 w
10 I f
(regexp)1140 960 w
10 CW f
(")1411 960 w
10 R f
(Preceding a simple address \(default)4 1467 1 1440 1080 t
10 CW f
(.)2944 1080 w
10 R f
( whose)1 293(\), refers to the address evaluated in the unique file)9 2103 2 3004 1080 t
(menu line matches the regular expression.)5 1680 1 1440 1200 t
( s)1 2( es)1 41( ss se)2 87( es)1 41( re)1 46( dd dr)2 87( Ad)1 52( A)1 115( po ou un nd d)5 210( mp)1 52( om)1 80(C Co)1 119 12 870 1368 t
(In the following,)2 669 1 1080 1488 t
10 I f
(a1)1774 1488 w
10 R f
(and)1899 1488 w
10 I f
(a2)2068 1488 w
10 R f
(are addresses.)1 553 1 2193 1488 t
10 I f
(a1)1080 1656 w
10 CW f
(+)1188 1656 w
10 I f
(a2)1256 1656 w
10 R f
(The address)1 479 1 1440 1656 t
10 I f
(a2)1944 1656 w
10 R f
(evaluated starting at the end of)5 1228 1 2069 1656 t
10 I f
(a1)3322 1656 w
10 R f
(.)3430 1656 w
10 I f
(a1)1080 1824 w
10 CW f
(\255)1188 1824 w
10 I f
(a2)1256 1824 w
10 R f
(The address)1 479 1 1440 1824 t
10 I f
(a2)1944 1824 w
10 R f
(evaluated looking in the reverse direction starting at the beginning of)10 2757 1 2069 1824 t
10 I f
(a1)4851 1824 w
10 R f
(.)4959 1824 w
10 I f
(a1)1080 1992 w
10 CW f
(,)1188 1992 w
10 I f
(a2)1256 1992 w
10 R f
(The substring from the beginning of)5 1446 1 1440 1992 t
10 I f
(a1)2911 1992 w
10 R f
(to the end of)3 505 1 3037 1992 t
10 I f
(a2)3568 1992 w
10 R f
(. If)1 142 1 3676 1992 t
10 I f
(a1)3844 1992 w
10 R f
(is missing,)1 430 1 3970 1992 t
10 CW f
(0)4426 1992 w
10 R f
( If)1 117(is substituted.)1 552 2 4512 1992 t
10 I f
(a2)5207 1992 w
10 R f
(is)5333 1992 w
(missing,)1440 2112 w
10 CW f
($)1802 2112 w
10 R f
(is substituted.)1 551 1 1887 2112 t
10 I f
(a1)1080 2280 w
10 CW f
(;)1188 2280 w
10 I f
(a2)1256 2280 w
10 R f
(Like)1440 2280 w
10 I f
(a1)1648 2280 w
10 CW f
(,)1756 2280 w
10 I f
(a2,)1824 2280 w
10 R f
(but with)1 331 1 1974 2280 t
10 I f
(a2)2330 2280 w
10 R f
(evaluated at the end of, and dot set to,)8 1514 1 2455 2280 t
10 I f
(a1)3994 2280 w
10 R f
(.)4102 2280 w
(The operators)1 551 1 1080 2448 t
10 CW f
(+)1656 2448 w
10 R f
(and)1741 2448 w
10 CW f
(\255)1910 2448 w
10 R f
(are high precedence, while)3 1068 1 1995 2448 t
10 CW f
(,)3088 2448 w
10 R f
(and)3173 2448 w
10 CW f
(;)3342 2448 w
10 R f
(are low precedence.)2 793 1 3427 2448 t
(In both)1 288 1 1080 2616 t
10 CW f
(+)1395 2616 w
10 R f
(and)1482 2616 w
10 CW f
(\255)1653 2616 w
10 R f
(forms, if)1 346 1 1740 2616 t
10 I f
(a2)2113 2616 w
10 R f
(is a line or character address with a missing number, the number defaults to 1.)14 3159 1 2241 2616 t
(If)1080 2736 w
10 I f
(a1)1179 2736 w
10 R f
(is missing,)1 437 1 1312 2736 t
10 CW f
(.)1782 2736 w
10 R f
( both)1 210( If)1 124(is substituted.)1 559 3 1875 2736 t
10 I f
(a1)2800 2736 w
10 R f
(and)2932 2736 w
10 I f
(a2)3108 2736 w
10 R f
(are present and distinguishable,)3 1280 1 3240 2736 t
10 CW f
(+)4552 2736 w
10 R f
(may be elided.)2 599 1 4644 2736 t
10 I f
(a2)5300 2736 w
10 R f
(may be a regular expression; if it is delimited by)9 1934 1 1080 2856 t
10 CW f
(?)3039 2856 w
10 R f
('s, the effect of the)4 750 1 3099 2856 t
10 CW f
(+)3874 2856 w
10 R f
(or)3959 2856 w
10 CW f
(\255)4067 2856 w
10 R f
(is reversed.)1 454 1 4152 2856 t
( useful idioms:)2 601( Some)1 281( a compound address to represent a malformed substring.)8 2306(It is an error for)4 639 4 1080 3024 t
10 I f
(a1)4935 3024 w
10 CW f
(+\255)5043 3024 w
10 R f
(\()5191 3024 w
10 I f
(a1)5232 3024 w
10 CW f
(\255)5340 3024 w
(+)1080 3144 w
10 I f
(\))1148 3144 w
10 R f
( the end \(beginning\) of a1.)5 1089(selects the line containing)3 1056 2 1213 3144 t
10 CW f
(0/)3414 3144 w
10 I f
(regexp)3542 3144 w
10 CW f
(/)3821 3144 w
10 R f
(locates the first match of the expres\255)6 1488 1 3912 3144 t
( form)1 221( \(The)1 240(sion in the file.)3 606 3 1080 3264 t
10 CW f
(0;//)2175 3264 w
10 R f
(sets dot unnecessarily.\))2 935 1 2443 3264 t
10 CW f
(./)3431 3264 w
10 I f
(regexp)3559 3264 w
10 CW f
(///)3838 3264 w
10 R f
(finds the second following occur\255)4 1354 1 4046 3264 t
(rence of the expression, and)4 1116 1 1080 3384 t
10 CW f
(.,/)2221 3384 w
10 I f
(regexp)2409 3384 w
10 CW f
(/)2688 3384 w
10 R f
(extends dot.)1 483 1 2773 3384 t
( s)1 2( nd ds)2 93( an)1 52( mm ma)2 126( om)1 80(C Co)1 119 6 870 3552 t
( represents text delimited by any printable character except)8 2475(In the following, text demarcated by slashes)6 1845 2 1080 3672 t
( may be elided, with multiple elisions then representing)8 2274( number of trailing delimiters)4 1209(alphanumerics. Any)1 837 3 1080 3792 t
( any delimited text, newline may not appear)7 1802( In)1 140(null strings, but the first delimiter must always be present.)9 2378 3 1080 3912 t
(literally;)1080 4032 w
10 CW f
(\\n)1450 4032 w
10 R f
(may be typed for newline; and)5 1247 1 1601 4032 t
10 CW f
(\\/)2879 4032 w
10 R f
(quotes the delimiter, here)3 1033 1 3030 4032 t
10 CW f
(/)4094 4032 w
10 R f
( is otherwise inter\255)3 761(. Backslash)1 485 2 4154 4032 t
(preted literally, except in)3 998 1 1080 4152 t
10 CW f
(s)2103 4152 w
10 R f
(commands.)2188 4152 w
( that may not are)4 675( Those)1 295( may be prefixed by an address to indicate their range of operation.)12 2686(Most commands)1 664 4 1080 4320 t
(marked with a)2 579 1 1080 4440 t
10 CW f
(*)1688 4440 w
10 R f
( sole excep\255)2 482( The)1 208( a command takes an address and none is supplied, dot is used.)12 2544(below. If)1 389 4 1777 4440 t
(tion is the)2 415 1 1080 4560 t
10 CW f
(w)1530 4560 w
10 R f
(command, which defaults to)3 1165 1 1626 4560 t
10 CW f
(0,$)2827 4560 w
10 R f
( the description, `range' is used to represent whatever)8 2224(. In)1 169 2 3007 4560 t
( so, it is always set to the)7 1084( If)1 128( of dot as a side effect.)6 972( commands set the value)4 1034( Many)1 296(address is supplied.)2 806 6 1080 4680 t
(`result' of the change: the empty string for a deletion, the new text for an insertion, etc. \(but see the)19 3978 1 1080 4800 t
10 CW f
(s)5084 4800 w
10 R f
(and)5170 4800 w
10 CW f
(e)5340 4800 w
10 R f
(commands\).)1080 4920 w
( s)1 2( nd ds)2 93( an)1 52( mm ma)2 126( om)1 80( co)1 52( c)1 87( t)1 2( xt)1 30( ex)1 52(T Te)1 107 11 870 5088 t
10 CW f
(a/)1080 5208 w
10 I f
(text)1208 5208 w
10 CW f
(/)1360 5208 w
10 R f
(or)1080 5328 w
10 CW f
(a)1080 5448 w
10 I f
(lines of text)2 461 1 1080 5568 t
10 CW f
(.)1080 5688 w
10 R f
( dot.)1 178( Set)1 178(Insert the text into the file after the range.)8 1660 3 1440 5688 t
10 CW f
(c)1080 5808 w
(i)1080 5928 w
10 R f
(Same as)1 330 1 1440 5928 t
10 CW f
(a)1795 5928 w
10 R f
(, but)1 178 1 1855 5928 t
10 CW f
(c)2058 5928 w
10 R f
(replaces the text, while)3 920 1 2143 5928 t
10 CW f
(i)3088 5928 w
10 R f
(inserts)3173 5928 w
10 I f
(before)3459 5928 w
10 R f
(the range.)1 393 1 3739 5928 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 6048 w
10 R f
( dot.)1 178( Set)1 178(Delete the text in the range.)5 1103 3 1440 6048 t
10 CW f
(s/)1080 6168 w
10 I f
(regexp)1208 6168 w
10 CW f
(/)1487 6168 w
10 I f
(text)1555 6168 w
10 CW f
(/)1707 6168 w
10 R f
(Substitute)1440 6288 w
10 I f
(text)1874 6288 w
10 R f
( dot to the modified)4 825( Set)1 187( first match to the regular expression in the range.)9 2066(for the)1 271 4 2051 6288 t
(range. In)1 382 1 1440 6408 t
10 I f
(text)1850 6408 w
10 R f
(the character)1 514 1 2022 6408 t
10 CW f
(&)2564 6408 w
10 R f
( the string that matched the expression. Backslash behaves)8 2354(stands for)1 394 2 2652 6408 t
(as usual unless followed by a digit:)6 1423 1 1440 6528 t
10 CW f
(\\)2891 6528 w
10 I f
(d)2959 6528 w
10 R f
( the subexpression begun)3 1019(stands for the string that matched)5 1344 2 3037 6528 t
(by the)1 249 1 1440 6648 t
10 I f
(d)1716 6648 w
10 R f
( If)1 118(\255th left parenthesis.)2 772 2 1774 6648 t
10 I f
(s)2691 6648 w
10 R f
(is followed immediately by a number)5 1506 1 2757 6648 t
10 I f
(n)4290 6648 w
10 R f
(, as in)2 238 1 4348 6648 t
10 CW f
(s2/x/y/)4612 6648 w
10 R f
(, the)1 173 1 5032 6648 t
10 I f
(n)5231 6648 w
10 R f
(\255th)5289 6648 w
( is followed by a)4 674( the command)2 568( If)1 117(match in the range is substituted.)5 1321 4 1440 6768 t
10 CW f
(g)4147 6768 w
10 R f
(, as in)2 240 1 4207 6768 t
10 CW f
(s/x/y/g)4474 6768 w
10 R f
(, all matches)2 506 1 4894 6768 t
(in the range are substituted.)4 1101 1 1440 6888 t
10 CW f
(m)1080 7008 w
10 I f
(a1)1173 7008 w
10 CW f
(t)1080 7128 w
10 I f
(a1)1173 7128 w
10 R f
(Move the range to after)4 936 1 1440 7128 t
10 I f
(a1)2401 7128 w
10 R f
(\()2526 7128 w
10 CW f
(m)2559 7128 w
10 R f
(\), or copy it \()4 524 1 2619 7128 t
10 CW f
(t)3143 7128 w
10 R f
( dot.)1 178(\). Set)1 236 2 3203 7128 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 125)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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152 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( SAM)1 4183(SAM \( 1 \))3 357 3 720 480 t
( s)1 2( nd ds)2 93( an)1 52( mm ma)2 126( om)1 80( co)1 52( c)1 87( y)1 2( ay)1 52( la)1 46( pl)1 30( sp)1 52( is)1 41(D Di)1 102 14 870 960 t
10 CW f
(p)1080 1080 w
10 R f
( dot.)1 178( Set)1 178(Print the text in the range.)5 1038 3 1440 1080 t
10 CW f
(=)1080 1200 w
10 R f
(Print the line address and character address of the range.)9 2249 1 1440 1200 t
10 CW f
(=#)1080 1320 w
10 R f
(Print just the character address of the range.)7 1751 1 1440 1320 t
( s)1 2( nd ds)2 93( an)1 52( mm ma)2 126( om)1 80( co)1 52( c)1 87( e)1 2( il le)2 76(F Fi)1 86 10 870 1440 t
(*)1080 1560 w
10 CW f
(b)1155 1560 w
10 I f
(file\255list)1248 1560 w
10 R f
(Set the current file to the first file named in the list that)12 2234 1 1440 1680 t
10 I f
(sam)3702 1680 w
10 R f
( may be)2 324( list)1 151( The)1 208(also has in its menu.)4 826 4 3891 1680 t
(expressed)1440 1800 w
10 CW f
(<)1865 1800 w
10 I f
(Plan 9 command)2 691 1 1933 1800 t
10 R f
( file names are taken as words \(in the shell sense\))10 2033(in which case the)3 711 2 2656 1800 t
(generated by the Plan 9 command.)5 1381 1 1440 1920 t
(*)1080 2040 w
10 CW f
(B)1155 2040 w
10 I f
(file\255list)1248 2040 w
10 R f
(Same as)1 336 1 1440 2160 t
10 CW f
(b)1807 2160 w
10 R f
( entered there, and all file names in the list)9 1760(, except that file names not in the menu are)9 1773 2 1867 2160 t
(are examined.)1 559 1 1440 2280 t
(*)1080 2400 w
10 CW f
(n)1155 2400 w
10 R f
( format is:)2 411( The)1 205(Print a menu of files.)4 841 3 1440 2400 t
10 CW f
(')1440 2520 w
10 R f
(or blank)1 330 1 1525 2520 t
(indicating the file is modified or clean,)6 1551 1 1800 2640 t
10 CW f
(\255)1440 2760 w
10 R f
(or)1525 2760 w
10 CW f
(+)1633 2760 w
10 R f
( unread or has been read \(in the terminal,)8 1741(indicating the file is)3 833 2 1800 2760 t
10 CW f
(*)4412 2760 w
10 R f
(means more than one)3 890 1 4510 2760 t
(window is open\),)2 691 1 1800 2880 t
10 CW f
(.)1440 3000 w
10 R f
(or blank)1 330 1 1525 3000 t
(indicating the current file,)3 1037 1 1800 3120 t
(a blank,)1 316 1 1440 3240 t
(and the file name.)3 715 1 1440 3360 t
(*)1080 3480 w
10 CW f
(D)1155 3480 w
10 I f
(file\255list)1248 3480 w
10 R f
( is an)2 229( It)1 120( files are named, the current file is deleted.)8 1773( no)1 133( If)1 124(Delete the named files from the menu.)6 1581 6 1440 3600 t
(error to)1 296 1 1440 3720 t
10 CW f
(D)1761 3720 w
10 R f
(a modified file, but a subsequent)5 1304 1 1846 3720 t
10 CW f
(D)3175 3720 w
10 R f
(will delete such a file.)4 879 1 3260 3720 t
( s)1 2( nd ds)2 93( an)1 52( mm ma)2 126( om)1 80( Co)1 52( C)1 110( O)1 2( /O)1 74(I I/)1 63 10 870 3840 t
(*)1080 3960 w
10 CW f
(e)1155 3960 w
10 I f
(filename)1248 3960 w
10 R f
( dot to the beginning of the file.)7 1266( Set)1 178(Replace the file by the contents of the named external file.)10 2331 3 1440 4080 t
10 CW f
(r)1080 4200 w
10 I f
(filename)1173 4200 w
10 R f
( dot.)1 178( Set)1 178(Replace the text in the range by the contents of the named external file.)13 2844 3 1440 4320 t
10 CW f
(w)1080 4440 w
10 I f
(filename)1173 4440 w
10 R f
(Write the range \(default)3 955 1 1440 4560 t
10 CW f
(0,$)2420 4560 w
10 R f
(\) to the named external file.)5 1103 1 2600 4560 t
(*)1080 4680 w
10 CW f
(f)1155 4680 w
10 I f
(filename)1248 4680 w
10 R f
(Set the file name and print the resulting menu entry.)9 2081 1 1440 4800 t
( name is used.)3 590(If the file name is absent from any of these, the current file)12 2431 2 1080 4920 t
10 CW f
(e)4159 4920 w
10 R f
(always sets the file name,)4 1055 1 4252 4920 t
10 CW f
(r)5340 4920 w
10 R f
(and)1080 5040 w
10 CW f
(w)1249 5040 w
10 R f
(do so if the file has no name.)7 1154 1 1334 5040 t
10 CW f
(<)1080 5160 w
10 I f
(Plan 9\255command)1 685 1 1173 5160 t
10 R f
(Replace the range by the standard output of the Plan 9 command.)11 2607 1 1440 5280 t
10 CW f
(>)1080 5400 w
10 I f
(Plan 9\255command)1 685 1 1173 5400 t
10 R f
(Sends the range to the standard input of the Plan 9 command.)11 2453 1 1440 5520 t
10 CW f
(|)1080 5640 w
10 I f
(Plan 9\255command)1 685 1 1173 5640 t
10 R f
(Send the range to the standard input, and replace it by the standard output, of the Plan 9 command.)18 3942 1 1440 5760 t
(*)1080 5880 w
10 CW f
(!)1155 5880 w
10 I f
(Plan 9\255command)1 685 1 1248 5880 t
10 R f
(Run the Plan 9 command.)4 1036 1 1440 6000 t
(*)1080 6120 w
10 CW f
(cd)1155 6120 w
10 I f
(directory)1308 6120 w
10 R f
( no directory is specified,)4 1012( If)1 116(Change working directory.)2 1073 3 1440 6240 t
10 CW f
($home)3666 6240 w
10 R f
(is used.)1 300 1 3991 6240 t
(In any of)2 370 1 1080 6360 t
10 CW f
(<)1481 6360 w
10 R f
(,)1541 6360 w
10 CW f
(>)1597 6360 w
10 R f
(,)1657 6360 w
10 CW f
(|)1713 6360 w
10 R f
(or)1804 6360 w
10 CW f
(!)1918 6360 w
10 R f
(, if the)2 270 1 1978 6360 t
10 I f
(Plan 9 command)2 689 1 2279 6360 t
10 R f
(is omitted the last)3 727 1 2999 6360 t
10 I f
(Plan 9 command)2 689 1 3757 6360 t
10 R f
(\(of any type\) is substi\255)4 923 1 4477 6360 t
(tuted. If)1 362 1 1080 6480 t
10 I f
(sam)1488 6480 w
10 R f
(is downloaded,)1 626 1 1695 6480 t
10 CW f
(!)2366 6480 w
10 R f
(sets standard input to)3 907 1 2471 6480 t
10 CW f
(/dev/null)3423 6480 w
10 R f
(, and otherwise unassigned output)4 1437 1 3963 6480 t
(\()1080 6600 w
10 CW f
(stdout)1113 6600 w
10 R f
(for)1498 6600 w
10 CW f
(!)1639 6600 w
10 R f
(and)1724 6600 w
10 CW f
(>)1893 6600 w
10 R f
(,)1953 6600 w
10 CW f
(stderr)2003 6600 w
10 R f
(for all\) is placed in)4 754 1 2388 6600 t
10 CW f
(/tmp/sam.err)3167 6600 w
10 R f
(and the first few lines are printed.)6 1344 1 3912 6600 t
( s)1 2( ls)1 41( al)1 30( on na)2 98( it ti io)3 112( on nd di)3 134( Co)1 52( C)1 110( nd d)2 54( an)1 52( a)1 87( s)1 2( oo op ps)3 145(L Lo)1 113 14 870 6720 t
10 CW f
(x/)1080 6840 w
10 I f
(regexp)1208 6840 w
10 CW f
(/)1487 6840 w
10 I f
(command)1580 6840 w
10 R f
( regular expression in the range, run the command with dot set to the match.)14 3082(For each match of the)4 878 2 1440 6960 t
( the regular expression and its slashes are omitted,)8 2189( If)1 139(Set dot to the last match.)5 1109 3 1440 7080 t
10 CW f
(/.*\\n/)4925 7080 w
10 R f
(is)5333 7080 w
( the end)2 326( string matches potentially occur before every character of the range and at)12 3033(assumed. Null)1 601 3 1440 7200 t
( 126)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( SAM)1 4183(SAM \( 1 \))3 357 3 720 480 t
(of the range.)2 501 1 1440 960 t
10 CW f
(y/)1080 1080 w
10 I f
(regexp)1208 1080 w
10 CW f
(/)1487 1080 w
10 I f
(command)1580 1080 w
10 R f
(Like)1440 1200 w
10 CW f
(x,)1648 1200 w
10 R f
( that)1 176(but run the command for each substring that lies before, between, or after the matches)14 3431 2 1793 1200 t
(would be generated by)3 930 1 1440 1320 t
10 CW f
(x)2403 1320 w
10 R f
( substrings potentially occur before)4 1437( Null)1 235( is no default behavior.)4 950(. There)1 315 4 2463 1320 t
(every character in the range.)4 1131 1 1440 1440 t
(*)1080 1560 w
10 CW f
(X/)1155 1560 w
10 I f
(regexp)1283 1560 w
10 CW f
(/)1562 1560 w
10 I f
(command)1655 1560 w
10 R f
( menu entry matches the regular expression, make that the current file and run)13 3167(For each file whose)3 793 2 1440 1680 t
( the expression is omitted, the command is run in every file.)11 2395( If)1 116(the command.)1 566 3 1440 1800 t
(*)1080 1920 w
10 CW f
(Y/)1155 1920 w
10 I f
(regexp)1283 1920 w
10 CW f
(/)1562 1920 w
10 I f
(command)1655 1920 w
10 R f
(Same as)1 330 1 1440 2040 t
10 CW f
(X)1795 2040 w
10 R f
(, but for files that do not match the regular expression, and the expression is required.)15 3411 1 1855 2040 t
10 CW f
(g/)1080 2160 w
10 I f
(regexp)1208 2160 w
10 CW f
(/)1487 2160 w
10 I f
(command)1580 2160 w
10 CW f
(v/)1080 2280 w
10 I f
(regexp)1208 2280 w
10 CW f
(/)1487 2280 w
10 I f
(command)1580 2280 w
10 R f
(If the range contains \()4 907 1 1440 2400 t
10 CW f
(g)2347 2400 w
10 R f
( not contain \()3 557(\) or does)2 365 2 2407 2400 t
10 CW f
(v)3329 2400 w
10 R f
(\) a match for the expression, set dot to the range)10 2011 1 3389 2400 t
(and run the command.)3 893 1 1440 2520 t
( nested arbitrarily deeply, but only one instance of either)9 2293(These may be)2 560 2 1080 2640 t
10 CW f
(X)3962 2640 w
10 R f
(or)4051 2640 w
10 CW f
(Y)4163 2640 w
10 R f
(may appear in a single com\255)5 1148 1 4252 2640 t
( empty command in an)4 924(mand. An)1 421 2 1080 2760 t
10 CW f
(x)2452 2760 w
10 R f
(or)2539 2760 w
10 CW f
(y)2649 2760 w
10 R f
(defaults to)1 421 1 2736 2760 t
10 CW f
(p)3184 2760 w
10 R f
( in)1 104(; an empty command)3 847 2 3244 2760 t
10 CW f
(X)4221 2760 w
10 R f
(or)4307 2760 w
10 CW f
(Y)4416 2760 w
10 R f
(defaults to)1 420 1 4502 2760 t
10 CW f
(f)4948 2760 w
10 R f
(.)5008 2760 w
10 CW f
(g)5084 2760 w
10 R f
(and)5170 2760 w
10 CW f
(v)5340 2760 w
10 R f
(do not have defaults.)3 832 1 1080 2880 t
( ny y)2 54( an)1 52( ll la)2 76( ce el)2 76( sc)1 46( is)1 41(M Mi)1 119 7 870 3000 t
10 CW f
(k)1080 3120 w
10 R f
( not set dot.)3 467( Does)1 255(Set the current file's mark to the range.)7 1563 3 1440 3120 t
(*)1080 3240 w
10 CW f
(q)1155 3240 w
10 R f
( is an error to quit with modified files, but a second)11 2048(Quit. It)1 314 2 1440 3240 t
10 CW f
(q)3827 3240 w
10 R f
(will succeed.)1 521 1 3912 3240 t
(*)1080 3360 w
10 CW f
(u)1162 3360 w
10 I f
(n)1255 3360 w
10 R f
(Undo the last)2 547 1 1447 3360 t
10 I f
(n)2026 3360 w
10 R f
( name of the current)4 835(\(default 1\) top\255level commands that changed the contents or)8 2457 2 2108 3360 t
( whose most recent change was simultaneous with the current file's change.)11 3060(file, and any other file)4 900 2 1440 3480 t
(Successive)1440 3600 w
10 CW f
(u)1907 3600 w
10 R f
( is ineffective are)3 704( only commands for which u)5 1166( The)1 209('s move further back in time.)5 1179 4 1967 3600 t
10 CW f
(cd)5255 3600 w
10 R f
(,)5375 3600 w
10 CW f
(u)1440 3720 w
10 R f
(,)1500 3720 w
10 CW f
(q)1550 3720 w
10 R f
(,)1610 3720 w
10 CW f
(w)1660 3720 w
10 R f
(and)1745 3720 w
10 CW f
(D)1914 3720 w
10 R f
(.)1974 3720 w
( If)1 120( the range is explicit, set dot to the range.)9 1681(\(empty\) If)1 426 3 1080 3840 t
10 I f
(sam)3336 3840 w
10 R f
( is selected on)3 578(is downloaded, the resulting dot)4 1296 2 3526 3840 t
( no address is specified \(the command is a newline\) dot is)11 2426( If)1 127( printed.)1 344(the screen; otherwise it is)4 1063 4 1440 3960 t
( dot is thereby unchanged, it is set to)8 1487( If)1 119(extended in either direction to line boundaries and printed.)8 2354 3 1440 4080 t
10 CW f
(.+1)1440 4200 w
10 R f
(and printed.)1 477 1 1645 4200 t
( s)1 2( es)1 41( ng ge)2 98( an)1 52( ha)1 46( ch)1 52( c)1 87( e)1 2( le)1 46( pl)1 30( lt ti ip)3 112( ul)1 30( mu)1 52( m)1 121( nd d)2 54( an)1 52( a)1 87( ng g)2 54( in)1 52( ou up pi)3 134( ro)1 52(G Gr)1 107 22 870 4368 t
(Commands may be grouped by enclosing them in braces)8 2280 1 1080 4488 t
10 CW f
({})3387 4488 w
10 R f
( within the braces must appear on)6 1360(. Commands)1 533 2 3507 4488 t
( a)1 76( an opening brace is like)5 1013( Semantically,)1 605(separate lines \(no backslashes are required between commands\).)7 2626 4 1080 4608 t
( within the braces)3 719( Commands)1 510( each sub\255command.)2 831(command: it takes an \(optional\) address and sets dot for)9 2260 4 1080 4728 t
( are not visible to other commands \(see the)8 1770(are executed sequentially, but changes made by one command)8 2550 2 1080 4848 t
( may be nested arbitrarily.)4 1045( Braces)1 321(next paragraph\).)1 653 3 1080 4968 t
( makes a number of changes to a file, as in)10 1899(When a command)2 764 2 1080 5136 t
10 CW f
(x/re/c/text/)3788 5136 w
10 R f
(, the addresses of all)4 892 1 4508 5136 t
( are in sequence, they are applied to the)8 1600( the changes)2 501( If)1 120(changes to the file are computed in the original file.)9 2099 4 1080 5256 t
( the several)2 460( insertions at the same address are catenated into a single insertion composed of)13 3212(file. Successive)1 648 3 1080 5376 t
(insertions in the order applied.)4 1218 1 1080 5496 t
( l)1 2( al)1 30( na)1 46( in)1 52( mi)1 30( rm)1 80( er)1 35( te)1 46( t)1 71( e)1 2( he)1 46(T Th)1 113 12 870 5664 t
(What follows refers to behavior of)5 1402 1 1080 5784 t
10 I f
(sam)2512 5784 w
10 R f
( that is, when operating as a display editor on a)10 1938(when downloaded,)1 759 2 2703 5784 t
( is the default behavior; invoking)5 1394( This)1 242(bitmap display.)1 631 3 1080 5904 t
10 I f
(sam)3386 5904 w
10 R f
(with the)1 339 1 3586 5904 t
10 CW f
(\255d)3964 5904 w
10 R f
(\(no download\) option provides)3 1277 1 4123 5904 t
(access to the command language only.)5 1536 1 1080 6024 t
( window is equivalent and is updated simultaneously)7 2127( Each)1 251( more windows open.)3 866(Each file may have zero or)5 1076 4 1080 6192 t
( window has an independent value of dot, indicated)8 2095( Each)1 254( windows on the same file.)5 1096(with changes in other)3 875 4 1080 6312 t
( usually)1 318( is)1 95( There)1 285( may be in a region not within the window.)9 1748( Dot)1 203(by a highlighted substring on the display.)6 1671 6 1080 6432 t
( Text)1 245( marked with a dark border, to which typed text and editing commands apply.)13 3260(a `current window',)2 815 3 1080 6552 t
(may be typed and edited as in)6 1187 1 1080 6672 t
10 I f
(8\275)2292 6672 w
10 R f
( the escape key \(ESC\) selects \(sets dot to\) text typed since the last)13 2645(\(1\); also)1 330 2 2425 6672 t
(mouse button hit.)2 698 1 1080 6792 t
( top of the menu provides the following operators,)8 2110( The)1 218( window operations.)2 839(The button 3 menu controls)4 1153 4 1080 6960 t
(each of which uses one or more)6 1281 1 1080 7080 t
10 I f
(8\275)2389 7080 w
10 R f
(\255like cursors to prompt for selection of a window or sweeping of a rect\255)13 2878 1 2522 7080 t
( a null rectangle gets a large window, disjoint from the command window or the whole)15 3563(angle. `Sweeping')1 757 2 1080 7200 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 127)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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154 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( SAM)1 4183(SAM \( 1 \))3 357 3 720 480 t
(screen, depending on where the null rectangle is.)7 1948 1 1080 960 t
10 CW f
(new)1080 1128 w
10 R f
(Create a new, empty file.)4 1003 1 1620 1128 t
10 CW f
(xerox)1080 1248 w
10 R f
(Create a copy of an existing window.)6 1489 1 1620 1248 t
10 CW f
(reshape)1080 1368 w
10 R f
(As in)1 214 1 1620 1368 t
10 I f
(8\275.)1859 1368 w
10 CW f
(close)1080 1488 w
10 R f
( the last window of a file,)6 1018( In)1 133(Delete the window.)2 779 3 1620 1488 t
10 CW f
(close)3575 1488 w
10 R f
(is equivalent to a)3 680 1 3900 1488 t
10 CW f
(D)4605 1488 w
10 R f
(for the file.)2 446 1 4690 1488 t
10 CW f
(write)1080 1608 w
10 R f
(Equivalent to a)2 605 1 1620 1608 t
10 CW f
(w)2250 1608 w
10 R f
(for the file.)2 446 1 2335 1608 t
( with)1 207(Below these operators is a list of available files, starting)9 2263 2 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(~~sam~~)3579 1776 w
10 R f
( Selecting)1 426(, the command window.)3 975 2 3999 1776 t
( the most recently used window on that file current, unless it is already current, in)15 3304(a file from the list makes)5 1016 2 1080 1896 t
( user is)2 311( no windows are open on the file, the)8 1582( If)1 129(which case selections cycle through the open windows.)7 2298 4 1080 2016 t
( other than)2 433( Files)1 248(prompted to open one.)3 908 3 1080 2136 t
10 CW f
(~~sam~~)2697 2136 w
10 R f
(are marked with one of the characters)6 1518 1 3145 2136 t
10 CW f
(\255+*)4690 2136 w
10 R f
(according as)1 503 1 4897 2136 t
( further mark)2 538( A)1 128(zero, one, or more windows are open on the file.)9 1988 3 1080 2256 t
10 CW f
(.)3765 2256 w
10 R f
( the current win\255)3 683(appears on the file in)4 861 2 3856 2256 t
(dow and a single quote,)4 946 1 1080 2376 t
10 CW f
(')2051 2376 w
10 R f
(, on a file modified since last write.)7 1412 1 2111 2376 t
(The command window, created automatically when)5 2148 1 1080 2544 t
10 CW f
(sam)3269 2544 w
10 R f
( an ordinary window except that text)6 1566(starts, is)1 344 2 3490 2544 t
( printed by editor com\255)4 921(typed to it is interpreted as commands for the editor rather than passive text, and text)15 3399 2 1080 2664 t
( behavior is like)3 656( The)1 210( it.)1 111(mands appears in)2 701 4 1080 2784 t
10 I f
(8\275,)2788 2784 w
10 R f
(with an `output point' that separates commands being typed)8 2432 1 2968 2784 t
( typed in the command window apply to the current open file)11 2455( Commands)1 507(from previous output.)2 873 3 1080 2904 t
10 S1 f
(\320)4915 2904 w
10 R f
(the file in)2 385 1 5015 2904 t
(the most recently current window.)4 1367 1 1080 3024 t
( t)1 2( xt)1 30( ex)1 52( te)1 46( t)1 71( ng g)2 54( ti in)2 82( at)1 30( la)1 46( pu ul)2 82( ip)1 52( ni)1 30( an)1 52(M Ma)1 135 14 870 3192 t
(Button 1 changes selection, much like)5 1561 1 1080 3312 t
10 I f
(8\275.)2674 3312 w
10 R f
( a non\255current window with button 1 makes it cur\255)9 2092(Pointing to)1 451 2 2857 3312 t
( selects text to the)4 740( Double\255clicking)1 705( dot.)1 184(rent; within the current window, button 1 selects text, thus setting)10 2691 4 1080 3432 t
(boundaries of words, lines, quoted strings or bracketed strings, depending on the text at the click.)15 3881 1 1080 3552 t
(Button 2 provides a menu of editing commands:)7 1930 1 1080 3720 t
10 CW f
(cut)1080 3840 w
10 R f
(Delete dot and save the deleted text in the snarf buffer.)10 2186 1 1440 3840 t
10 CW f
(paste)1080 3960 w
10 R f
(Replace the text in dot by the contents of the snarf buffer.)11 2301 1 1440 3960 t
10 CW f
(snarf)1080 4080 w
10 R f
(Save the text in dot in the snarf buffer.)8 1539 1 1440 4080 t
10 CW f
(look)1080 4200 w
10 R f
( text in)2 284( dot is the null string, the)6 1010( If)1 118(Search forward for the next occurrence of the literal text in dot.)11 2548 4 1440 4200 t
( snarf buffer is unaffected.)4 1054( The)1 205(the snarf buffer is used.)4 939 3 1440 4320 t
10 CW f
(<8\275>)1080 4440 w
10 R f
(Exchange snarf buffers with)3 1127 1 1440 4440 t
10 I f
(8\275)2592 4440 w
10 R f
(.)2725 4440 w
10 CW f
(/)1080 4560 w
10 I f
(regexp)1148 4560 w
10 R f
( in)1 117( \(Not)1 247( the last regular expression typed in a command.)8 2045(Search forward for the next match of)6 1551 4 1440 4680 t
(command window.\))1 799 1 1440 4800 t
10 CW f
(send)1080 4920 w
10 R f
( in dot, or the snarf buffer if dot is the null string, as if it were typed to the command)20 3434(Send the text)2 526 2 1440 4920 t
( window only.\))2 608( \(Command)1 500( the sent text in the snarf buffer.)7 1275(window. Saves)1 630 4 1440 5040 t
( on n)2 54( ti io)2 82( ca at)2 76( ic)1 46( un ni)2 82( mm mu)2 132( om)1 80( co)1 52( c)1 87( l)1 2( al)1 30( na)1 46( rn)1 52( er)1 35( te)1 46( xt)1 30(E Ex)1 113 17 870 5208 t
(On invocation)1 584 1 1080 5328 t
10 I f
(sam)1704 5328 w
10 R f
(creates a named pipe)3 881 1 1906 5328 t
10 CW f
(/srv/sam.)2828 5328 w
10 I f
(user)3376 5328 w
10 R f
(which acts as an additional source of com\255)7 1811 1 3589 5328 t
( if they had been typed in the command window.)9 1953( written to the named pipe are treated as)8 1604(mands. Characters)1 763 3 1080 5448 t
(This is usually used to issue)5 1120 1 1080 5568 t
10 CW f
(B)2225 5568 w
10 R f
(commands from the shell.)3 1038 1 2310 5568 t
10 I f
(B)1080 5736 w
10 R f
(is a shell\255level command that causes an instance of)8 2067 1 1170 5736 t
10 I f
(sam)3266 5736 w
10 R f
( load the named)3 650(running on the same terminal to)5 1294 2 3456 5736 t
10 I f
(files.)1080 5856 w
10 R f
(The option allows a line number to be specified for the initial position to display in the last named file.)19 4103 1 1297 5856 t
( on n)2 54( ti io)2 82( at)1 30( na)1 46( in)1 52( mi)1 30( rm)1 80( er)1 35( te)1 46( t)1 71( l)1 2( al)1 30( ma)1 46( rm)1 80( bn no or)3 139(A Ab)1 124 16 870 6024 t
(If)1080 6144 w
10 I f
(sam)1183 6144 w
10 R f
(terminates other than by a)4 1085 1 1381 6144 t
10 CW f
(q)2503 6144 w
10 R f
( etc.\), modified files are)4 1005(command \(by hangup, deleting its window,)5 1795 2 2600 6144 t
( file,)1 183(saved in an executable)3 903 2 1080 6264 t
10 CW f
($home/sam.save)2191 6264 w
10 R f
( program, when executed, asks whether to write each)8 2116(. This)1 253 2 3031 6264 t
( answer)1 307( The)1 205(file back to a external file.)5 1047 3 1080 6384 t
10 CW f
(y)2664 6384 w
10 R f
(causes writing; anything else skips the file.)6 1718 1 2749 6384 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 6552 t
10 CW f
($home/sam.save)1080 6672 w
($home/sam.err)1080 6792 w
(/sys/lib/samsave)1080 6912 w
10 R f
(the program called to unpack)4 1164 1 2065 6912 t
10 CW f
($home/sam.save)3254 6912 w
10 R f
(.)4094 6912 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 7080 t
10 I f
(ed)1080 7200 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1182 7200 w
10 I f
(sed)1348 7200 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1489 7200 w
10 I f
(grep)1655 7200 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1846 7200 w
10 I f
(8\275)2012 7200 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2145 7200 w
10 I f
(regexp)2311 7200 w
10 R f
(\(6\).)2590 7200 w
( 128)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( SED)1 4211(SED \( 1 \))3 329 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(sed)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1238 1080 w
10 R f
(stream editor)1 524 1 1328 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(sed)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255n)1343 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1488 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255e)1604 1368 w
10 I f
(script)1749 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2002 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255f)2118 1368 w
10 I f
(sfile)2263 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2455 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2571 1368 t
10 R f
(])2824 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Sed)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(copies the named)2 713 1 1259 1656 t
10 I f
(files)2007 1656 w
10 R f
( of)1 119(\(standard input default\) to the standard output, edited according to a script)11 3072 2 2209 1656 t
(commands. The)1 669 1 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1780 1776 w
10 R f
( script to be taken from file)6 1117(option causes the)2 700 2 1931 1776 t
10 I f
(sfile)3778 1776 w
10 R f
( there)1 229( If)1 121(; these options accumulate.)3 1097 3 3953 1776 t
(is just one)2 414 1 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(\255e)1523 1896 w
10 R f
(option and no)2 558 1 1672 1896 t
10 CW f
(\255f)2259 1896 w
10 R f
('s, the flag)2 432 1 2379 1896 t
10 CW f
(\255e)2840 1896 w
10 R f
( The)1 210(may be omitted.)2 657 2 2990 1896 t
10 CW f
(\255n)3887 1896 w
10 R f
(option suppresses the default out\255)4 1363 1 4037 1896 t
(put.)1080 2016 w
(A script consists of editing commands, one per line, of the following form:)12 2992 1 1080 2184 t
([)1440 2352 w
10 I f
(address)1473 2352 w
10 R f
([)1809 2352 w
10 CW f
(,)1842 2352 w
10 I f
(address)1927 2352 w
10 R f
(] ])1 91 1 2238 2352 t
10 I f
(function)2354 2352 w
10 R f
([)2707 2352 w
10 I f
(argument)2740 2352 w
10 R f
(...])3148 2352 w
( operation)1 405(In normal)1 393 2 1080 2520 t
10 I f
(sed)1906 2520 w
10 R f
(cyclically copies a line of input into a)7 1522 1 2067 2520 t
10 I f
(pattern space)1 544 1 3617 2520 t
10 R f
(\(unless there is something left)4 1211 1 4189 2520 t
(after a)1 252 1 1080 2640 t
10 CW f
(D)1358 2640 w
10 R f
(command\), applies in sequence all commands whose)6 2122 1 1444 2640 t
10 I f
(addresses)3592 2640 w
10 R f
(select that pattern space, and at the)6 1388 1 4012 2640 t
( to the standard output \(except under)6 1512(end of the script copies the pattern space)7 1670 2 1080 2760 t
10 CW f
(\255n)4295 2760 w
10 R f
(\) and deletes the pattern)4 985 1 4415 2760 t
(space.)1080 2880 w
(An)1080 3048 w
10 I f
(address)1232 3048 w
10 R f
( lines cumulatively across files, a)5 1356(is either a decimal number that counts input)7 1786 2 1573 3048 t
10 CW f
($)4746 3048 w
10 R f
(that addresses)1 563 1 4837 3048 t
(the last line of input, or a context address,)8 1702 1 1080 3168 t
10 CW f
(/)2811 3168 w
10 I f
(regular\255expression)2879 3168 w
10 CW f
(/)3647 3168 w
10 I f
(,)3715 3168 w
10 R f
(in the style of)3 559 1 3769 3168 t
10 I f
(regexp)4357 3168 w
10 R f
( the added)2 416(\(6\), with)1 348 2 4636 3168 t
(convention that)1 619 1 1080 3288 t
10 CW f
(\\n)1724 3288 w
10 R f
(matches a newline embedded in the pattern space.)7 1995 1 1869 3288 t
(A command line with no addresses selects every pattern space.)9 2511 1 1080 3456 t
(A command line with one address selects each pattern space that matches the address.)13 3431 1 1080 3624 t
( from the first pattern space that matches the)8 1790(A command line with two addresses selects the inclusive range)9 2530 2 1080 3792 t
( the second address is a number less)7 1446( \(If)1 150(first address through the next pattern space that matches the second.)10 2724 3 1080 3912 t
( the process is repeated,)4 958( Thereafter)1 466( first selected, only one line is selected.\))7 1614(than or equal to the line number)6 1282 4 1080 4032 t
(looking again for the first address.)5 1370 1 1080 4152 t
(Editing commands can be applied to non\255selected pattern spaces by use of the negation function)14 3838 1 1080 4320 t
10 CW f
(!)4943 4320 w
10 R f
(\(below\).)5028 4320 w
(An argument denoted)2 885 1 1080 4488 t
10 I f
(text)2000 4488 w
10 R f
( the last of which end with)6 1126(consists of one or more lines, all but)7 1519 2 2179 4488 t
10 CW f
(\\)4860 4488 w
10 R f
(to hide the)2 444 1 4956 4488 t
( in text are treated like backslashes in the replacement string of an)12 2717(newline. Backslashes)1 886 2 1080 4608 t
10 CW f
(s)4715 4608 w
10 R f
(command, and)1 594 1 4806 4608 t
(may be used to protect initial blanks and tabs against the stripping that is done on every script line.)18 3944 1 1080 4728 t
(An argument denoted)2 873 1 1080 4896 t
10 I f
(rfile)1982 4896 w
10 R f
(or)2178 4896 w
10 I f
(wfile)2290 4896 w
10 R f
( be preceded by exactly one)5 1135(must terminate the command line and must)6 1751 2 2514 4896 t
(blank. Each)1 496 1 1080 5016 t
10 I f
(wfile)1601 5016 w
10 R f
( can be at most 120 distinct)6 1094( There)1 282(is created before processing begins.)4 1421 3 1821 5016 t
10 I f
(wfile)4643 5016 w
10 R f
(arguments.)4863 5016 w
10 CW f
(a\\)1080 5184 w
10 I f
(text)1080 5304 w
10 R f
(Append. Place)1 607 1 1708 5304 t
10 I f
(text)2340 5304 w
10 R f
(on the output before reading the next input line.)8 1906 1 2509 5304 t
10 CW f
(b)1080 5472 w
10 I f
(label)1173 5472 w
10 R f
(Branch to the)2 566 1 1708 5472 t
10 CW f
(:)2313 5472 w
10 R f
(command bearing the)2 895 1 2412 5472 t
10 I f
(label.)3347 5472 w
10 R f
(If)3612 5472 w
10 I f
(label)3718 5472 w
10 R f
(is empty, branch to the end of the)7 1442 1 3958 5472 t
(script.)1708 5592 w
10 CW f
(c\\)1080 5760 w
10 I f
(text)1080 5880 w
10 R f
( end of a 2\255address range,)5 1064( 0 or 1 address or at the)7 983( With)1 257( the pattern space.)3 741(Change. Delete)1 647 5 1708 5880 t
(place)1708 6000 w
10 I f
(text)1943 6000 w
10 R f
( the next cycle.)3 604( Start)1 239(on the output.)2 553 3 2112 6000 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 6168 w
10 R f
( the next cycle.)3 604( Start)1 239(Delete the pattern space.)3 980 3 1708 6168 t
10 CW f
(D)1080 6336 w
10 R f
( the next)2 380( Start)1 257( pattern space through the first newline.)6 1691(Delete the initial segment of the)5 1364 4 1708 6336 t
(cycle.)1708 6456 w
10 CW f
(g)1080 6624 w
10 R f
(Replace the contents of the pattern space by the contents of the hold space.)13 2988 1 1708 6624 t
10 CW f
(G)1080 6792 w
10 R f
(Append the contents of the hold space to the pattern space.)10 2348 1 1708 6792 t
10 CW f
(h)1080 6960 w
10 R f
(Replace the contents of the hold space by the contents of the pattern space.)13 2988 1 1708 6960 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 129)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( SED)1 4211(SED \( 1 \))3 329 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(H)1080 960 w
10 R f
(Append the contents of the pattern space to the hold space.)10 2348 1 1708 960 t
10 CW f
(i\\)1080 1128 w
10 I f
(text)1080 1248 w
10 R f
(Insert. Place)1 518 1 1708 1248 t
10 I f
(text)2251 1248 w
10 R f
(on the standard output.)3 916 1 2420 1248 t
10 CW f
(n)1080 1416 w
10 R f
( the pattern space with the next line)7 1452( Replace)1 376( space to the standard output.)5 1190(Copy the pattern)2 674 4 1708 1416 t
(of input.)1 339 1 1708 1536 t
10 CW f
(N)1080 1704 w
10 R f
( current)1 311( \(The)1 242( space with an embedded newline.)5 1389(Append the next line of input to the pattern)8 1750 4 1708 1704 t
(line number changes.\))2 884 1 1708 1824 t
10 CW f
(p)1080 1992 w
10 R f
( the pattern space to the standard output.)7 1614(Print. Copy)1 487 2 1708 1992 t
10 CW f
(P)1080 2160 w
10 R f
( space through the first newline to the standard out\255)9 2118(Copy the initial segment of the pattern)6 1574 2 1708 2160 t
(put.)1708 2280 w
10 CW f
(q)1080 2448 w
10 R f
( not start a new cycle.)5 870( Do)1 172( to the end of the script.)6 946(Quit. Branch)1 541 4 1708 2448 t
10 CW f
(r)1080 2616 w
10 I f
(rfile)1173 2616 w
10 R f
(Read the contents of)3 818 1 1708 2616 t
10 I f
(rfile)2551 2616 w
10 R f
( them on the output before reading the next input line.)10 2156(. Place)1 291 2 2726 2616 t
10 CW f
(s/)1080 2784 w
10 I f
(regular\255expression)1200 2784 w
10 CW f
(/)1960 2784 w
10 I f
(replacement)2020 2784 w
10 CW f
(/)2513 2784 w
10 I f
(flags)2573 2784 w
10 R f
(Substitute the)1 570 1 1708 2904 t
10 I f
(replacement)2325 2904 w
10 R f
( instances of the)3 715(string for)1 391 2 2865 2904 t
10 I f
(regular\255expression)4019 2904 w
10 R f
(in the pattern)2 573 1 4827 2904 t
( character may be used instead of)6 1425(space. Any)1 484 2 1708 3024 t
10 CW f
(/)3658 3024 w
10 R f
( fuller description see)3 907( a)1 85(. For)1 230 3 3718 3024 t
10 I f
(regexp)4980 3024 w
10 R f
(\(6\).)5259 3024 w
10 I f
(Flags)1708 3144 w
10 R f
(is zero or more of)4 709 1 1961 3144 t
10 CW f
(g)1708 3312 w
10 R f
( the)1 171( for all non\255overlapping instances of)5 1565(Global. Substitute)1 771 3 2068 3312 t
10 I f
(regular expression)1 776 1 4624 3312 t
10 R f
(rather than just the first one.)5 1126 1 2068 3432 t
10 CW f
(p)1708 3600 w
10 R f
(Print the pattern space if a replacement was made.)8 2003 1 2068 3600 t
10 CW f
(w)1708 3768 w
10 I f
(wfile)1801 3768 w
10 R f
( the pattern space to)4 798(Write. Append)1 618 2 2068 3768 t
10 I f
(wfile)3509 3768 w
10 R f
(if a replacement was made.)4 1088 1 3729 3768 t
10 CW f
(t)1080 3936 w
10 I f
(label)1173 3936 w
10 R f
( to the)2 252(Test. Branch)1 536 2 1708 3936 t
10 CW f
(:)2522 3936 w
10 R f
(command bearing the)2 867 1 2608 3936 t
10 I f
(label)3502 3936 w
10 R f
(if any substitutions have been made since)6 1671 1 3729 3936 t
(the most recent reading of an input line or execution of a)11 2287 1 1708 4056 t
10 CW f
(t)4022 4056 w
10 R f
(. If)1 143 1 4082 4056 t
10 I f
(label)4252 4056 w
10 R f
(is empty, branch to the)4 921 1 4479 4056 t
(end of the script.)3 671 1 1708 4176 t
10 CW f
(w)1080 4344 w
10 I f
(wfile)1708 4344 w
10 R f
( the pattern space to)4 798(Write. Append)1 618 2 1708 4464 t
10 I f
(wfile.)3149 4464 w
10 CW f
(x)1080 4632 w
10 R f
(Exchange the contents of the pattern and hold spaces.)8 2137 1 1708 4632 t
10 CW f
(y/)1080 4800 w
10 I f
(string1)1200 4800 w
10 CW f
(/)1484 4800 w
10 I f
(string2)1544 4800 w
10 CW f
(/)1828 4800 w
10 R f
( in)1 107( all occurrences of characters)4 1173(Transform. Replace)1 820 3 1708 4920 t
10 I f
(string1)3837 4920 w
10 R f
(with the corresponding charac\255)3 1250 1 4150 4920 t
(ter in)1 208 1 1708 5040 t
10 I f
(string2.)1941 5040 w
10 R f
(The lengths of)2 577 1 2275 5040 t
10 I f
(string1)2877 5040 w
10 R f
(and)3186 5040 w
10 I f
(string2)3355 5040 w
10 R f
(must be equal.)2 580 1 3664 5040 t
10 CW f
(!)1080 5208 w
10 I f
(function)1148 5208 w
10 R f
( the)1 163(Don't. Apply)1 574 2 1708 5208 t
10 I f
(function)2487 5208 w
10 R f
(\(or group, if)2 519 1 2857 5208 t
10 I f
(function)3418 5208 w
10 R f
(is)3788 5208 w
10 CW f
({)3897 5208 w
10 R f
(\) only to lines)3 604 1 3957 5208 t
10 I f
(not)4603 5208 w
10 R f
(selected by the)2 627 1 4773 5208 t
(address\(es\).)1708 5328 w
10 CW f
(:)1080 5496 w
10 I f
(label)1173 5496 w
10 R f
(This command does nothing; it bears a)6 1549 1 1708 5496 t
10 I f
(label)3282 5496 w
10 R f
(for)3507 5496 w
10 CW f
(b)3648 5496 w
10 R f
(and)3733 5496 w
10 CW f
(t)3902 5496 w
10 R f
(commands to branch to.)3 960 1 3987 5496 t
10 CW f
(=)1080 5664 w
10 R f
(Place the current line number on the standard output as a line.)11 2468 1 1708 5664 t
10 CW f
({)1080 5832 w
10 R f
(Execute the following commands through a matching)6 2250 1 1708 5832 t
10 CW f
(})4001 5832 w
10 R f
(only when the pattern space is)5 1296 1 4104 5832 t
(selected.)1708 5952 w
(An empty command is ignored.)4 1263 1 1708 6120 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 6288 t
10 CW f
(sed 10q file)2 720 1 1080 6408 t
10 R f
(Print the first 10 lines of the file.)7 1305 1 1440 6528 t
10 CW f
(sed '/^$/d')1 660 1 1080 6696 t
10 R f
(Delete empty lines from standard input.)5 1587 1 1440 6816 t
10 CW f
(sed 's/UNIX/& system/g')2 1380 1 1080 6984 t
10 R f
(Replace every instance of)3 1027 1 1440 7104 t
10 CW f
(UNIX)2492 7104 w
10 R f
(by)2757 7104 w
10 CW f
(UNIX system)1 660 1 2882 7104 t
10 R f
(.)3542 7104 w
( 130)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( SED)1 4211(SED \( 1 \))3 329 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(sed 's/ *$//)2 720 1 1080 960 t
10 R f
(drop trailing blanks)2 783 1 2160 960 t
10 CW f
(/^$/d)1080 1080 w
10 R f
(drop empty lines)2 672 1 2160 1080 t
10 CW f
(s/ */\\)1 420 1 1080 1200 t
10 R f
(replace blanks by newlines)3 1078 1 2160 1200 t
10 CW f
(/g)1080 1320 w
(/^$/d' chapter*)1 900 1 1080 1440 t
10 R f
(Print the files)2 539 1 1440 1560 t
10 CW f
(chapter1)2004 1560 w
10 R f
(,)2484 1560 w
10 CW f
(chapter2)2534 1560 w
10 R f
(, etc. one word to a line.)6 962 1 3014 1560 t
10 CW f
(nroff \255ms manuscript | sed ')5 1680 1 1080 1728 t
(${)1080 1848 w
(/^$/p)1440 1968 w
10 R f
(if last line of file is empty, print it)8 1353 1 2160 1968 t
10 CW f
(})1080 2088 w
(//N)1080 2208 w
10 R f
(if current line is empty, append next line)7 1620 1 2160 2208 t
10 CW f
(/^\\n$/D')1080 2328 w
10 R f
(if two lines are empty, delete the first)7 1492 1 2160 2328 t
(Delete all but one of each group of empty lines from a formatted manuscript.)13 3072 1 1440 2448 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2616 t
10 I f
(ed)1080 2736 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1182 2736 w
10 I f
(grep)1348 2736 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1539 2736 w
10 I f
(awk)1705 2736 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1874 2736 w
10 I f
(lex)2040 2736 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2164 2736 w
10 I f
(sam)2330 2736 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2499 2736 w
10 I f
(regexp)2665 2736 w
10 R f
(\(6\))2944 2736 w
(L. E. McMahon, `SED)3 934 1 1080 2856 t
10 S1 f
(\320)2047 2856 w
10 R f
( Editor', Unix Research System Programmer's Manual,)6 2273(A Non\255interactive Text)2 947 2 2180 2856 t
(Volume 2.)1 422 1 1080 2976 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3144 t
10 R f
( consume characters beyond a line on which a)8 1922(If input is from a pipe, buffering may)7 1562 2 1080 3264 t
10 CW f
(q)4600 3264 w
10 R f
(command is exe\255)2 704 1 4696 3264 t
(cuted.)1080 3384 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 131)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( SEQ)1 4211(SEQ \( 1 \))3 329 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(seq)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1238 1080 w
10 R f
(print sequences of numbers)3 1095 1 1328 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(seq)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255w)1343 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1488 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1604 1368 w
10 I f
(format)1732 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2024 1368 t
10 I f
(first)2140 1368 w
10 R f
([)2327 1368 w
10 I f
(incr)2385 1368 w
10 R f
(] ])1 91 1 2571 1368 t
10 I f
(last)2687 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Seq)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(prints a sequence of numbers, one per line, from)8 1993 1 1257 1656 t
10 I f
(first)3283 1656 w
10 R f
(\(default 1\) to as near)4 861 1 3478 1656 t
10 I f
(last)4373 1656 w
10 R f
(as possible, in incre\255)3 848 1 4552 1656 t
(ments of)1 347 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(incr)1452 1776 w
10 R f
( numbers are interpreted as floating point.)6 1672( The)1 205(\(default 1\).)1 443 3 1638 1776 t
( options are)2 466( The)1 205(Normally integer values are printed as decimal integers.)7 2234 3 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 2112 w
10 I f
(format)1208 2112 w
10 R f
(Use the)1 309 1 1647 2112 t
10 I f
(print)1988 2112 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\255style)2191 2112 w
10 I f
(format print)1 494 1 2561 2112 t
10 R f
( default is)2 410( The)1 213( point\) number.)2 635(for printing each \(floating)3 1055 4 3087 2112 t
10 CW f
(%g)1647 2232 w
10 R f
(.)1767 2232 w
10 CW f
(\255w)1080 2400 w
10 R f
( effective)1 375( Not)1 202(Equalize the widths of all numbers by padding with leading zeros as necessary.)12 3176 3 1647 2400 t
(with option)1 459 1 1647 2520 t
10 CW f
(\255f)2131 2520 w
10 R f
(, nor with numbers in exponential notation.)6 1727 1 2251 2520 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 2688 t
10 CW f
(seq 0 .05 .1)3 720 1 1080 2808 t
10 R f
(Print)1440 2928 w
10 CW f
(0 0.05 0.1)2 600 1 1660 2928 t
10 R f
(\(on separate lines\).)2 756 1 2285 2928 t
10 CW f
(seq \255w 0 .05 .1)4 900 1 1080 3096 t
10 R f
(Print)1440 3216 w
10 CW f
(0.00 0.05 0.10)2 840 1 1660 3216 t
10 R f
(.)2500 3216 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3384 t
10 R f
(Option)1080 3504 w
10 CW f
(\255w)1392 3504 w
10 R f
( Thus)1 259(always surveys every value in advance.)5 1618 2 1546 3504 t
10 CW f
(seq \255w 1000000000)2 1038 1 3492 3504 t
10 R f
( to)1 113(is a hopeless way)3 723 2 4564 3504 t
(get an `infinite' sequence.)3 1036 1 1080 3624 t
( 132)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( SIZE)1 4189(SIZE \( 1 \))3 351 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(size)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1285 1080 w
10 R f
(print size of executable files)4 1125 1 1375 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(size)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1403 1368 t
10 R f
(])1656 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Size)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( of the argument executable files \(default)6 1664(prints the size of the segments for each)7 1576 2 1269 1656 t
10 CW f
(v.out)4538 1656 w
10 R f
( format)1 295(\). The)1 267 2 4838 1656 t
(is)1080 1776 w
10 I f
(textsize)1440 1944 w
10 CW f
(t)1742 1944 w
10 R f
(+)1827 1944 w
10 I f
(datasize)1908 1944 w
10 CW f
(d)2244 1944 w
10 R f
(+)2329 1944 w
10 I f
(bsssize)2410 1944 w
10 CW f
(b)2696 1944 w
10 R f
(=)2781 1944 w
10 I f
(total)2862 1944 w
10 R f
(where the numbers are in bytes.)5 1269 1 1080 2112 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 133)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( SLEEP)1 4105(SLEEP \( 1 \))3 435 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(sleep)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1310 1080 w
10 R f
(suspend execution for an interval)4 1325 1 1400 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(sleep)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(time)1405 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Sleep)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(suspends execution for)2 915 1 1321 1656 t
10 I f
(time)2261 1656 w
10 R f
(seconds.)2458 1656 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 1824 t
10 R f
(Execute a command 100 seconds hence.)5 1607 1 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
({sleep 100; command}&)2 1260 1 1440 2112 t
10 R f
(Repeat a command every 30 seconds.)5 1502 1 1080 2280 t
10 CW f
(while \(~ 1 1\){)3 840 1 1440 2448 t
(command)1800 2568 w
(sleep 30)1 480 1 1800 2688 t
(})1440 2808 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2976 t
10 I f
(sleep)1080 3096 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1293 3096 w
( 134)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( SORT)1 4144(SORT \( 1 \))3 396 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(sort)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1255 1080 w
10 R f
(sort and/or merge files)3 901 1 1345 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(sort)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1347 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255cmuMbdfinrt)1407 1368 w
10 I f
(x)2135 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 93 1 2206 1368 t
10 CW f
(+)2326 1368 w
10 I f
(pos1)2394 1368 w
10 R f
([)2610 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255)2670 1368 w
10 I f
(pos2)2738 1368 w
10 R f
( [)1 85( ...)1 102( ])1 85(] ...)1 135 4 2954 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255k)3388 1368 w
10 I f
(pos1)3535 1368 w
10 R f
([)3751 1368 w
10 I f
(,pos2)3812 1368 w
10 R f
( [)1 86(] ] ...)2 197 2 4054 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255o)4365 1368 w
10 I f
(output)4513 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 94 1 4797 1368 t
10 I f
(option ...)1 359 1 4919 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 94 1 5306 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1080 1488 t
10 R f
(])1333 1488 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 I f
(Sort)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(sorts lines of all the)4 823 1 1290 1776 t
10 I f
(files)2148 1776 w
10 R f
( no input files are)4 743( If)1 127(together and writes the result on the standard output.)8 2180 3 2350 1776 t
(named, the standard input is sorted.)5 1418 1 1080 1896 t
( ordering is affected)3 818( The)1 210( ordering is lexicographic by runes.)5 1439( Default)1 354(The default sort key is an entire line.)7 1499 5 1080 2064 t
(globally by the following options, one or more of which may appear.)11 2755 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(\255M)1080 2352 w
10 R f
( first three non\255white space characters of the field are folded to upper)12 2902( The)1 217(Compare as months.)2 841 3 1440 2352 t
(case and compared so that)4 1047 1 1440 2472 t
10 CW f
(JAN)2512 2472 w
10 R f
(precedes)2717 2472 w
10 CW f
(FEB)3090 2472 w
10 R f
( fields compare low to)4 893( Invalid)1 333(, etc.)1 191 3 3270 2472 t
10 CW f
(JAN)4712 2472 w
10 R f
(.)4892 2472 w
10 CW f
(\255b)1080 2640 w
10 R f
(Ignore leading white space \(spaces and tabs\) in field comparisons.)9 2644 1 1440 2640 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 2808 w
10 R f
( white space are significant in)5 1279(`Phone directory' order: only letters, accented letters, digits and)8 2681 2 1440 2808 t
(comparisons.)1440 2928 w
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 3096 w
10 R f
( their non\255accented)2 802( characters are folded to)4 1029( Accented)1 444(Fold lower case letters onto upper case.)6 1685 4 1440 3096 t
(upper case form.)2 667 1 1440 3216 t
10 CW f
(\255i)1080 3384 w
10 R f
(Ignore characters outside the)3 1149 1 1440 3384 t
9 R f
(ASCII)2612 3384 w
10 R f
(range 040\2550176 in non\255numeric comparisons.)4 1822 1 2872 3384 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 3552 w
10 R f
( minus sign, and zero)4 864(An initial numeric string, consisting of optional white space, optional plus or)11 3096 2 1440 3552 t
(or more digits with optional decimal point, is sorted by arithmetic value.)11 2896 1 1440 3672 t
10 CW f
(\255g)1080 3840 w
10 R f
(Numbers, like)1 566 1 1440 3840 t
10 CW f
(\255n)2031 3840 w
10 R f
(but with optional)2 684 1 2176 3840 t
10 CW f
(e)2885 3840 w
10 R f
(\255style exponents, are sorted by value.)5 1483 1 2945 3840 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 4008 w
10 R f
(Reverse the sense of comparisons.)4 1372 1 1440 4008 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 4176 w
10 I f
(x)1208 4176 w
10 R f
(`Tab character' separating fields is)4 1384 1 1440 4176 t
10 I f
(x)2849 4176 w
10 R f
(.)2901 4176 w
(The notation)1 517 1 1080 4344 t
10 CW f
(+)1631 4344 w
10 I f
(pos1)1699 4344 w
10 CW f
(\255)1946 4344 w
10 I f
(pos2)2014 4344 w
10 R f
(restricts a sort key to a field beginning at)8 1711 1 2245 4344 t
10 I f
(pos1)3991 4344 w
10 R f
(and ending just before)3 920 1 4223 4344 t
10 I f
(pos2)5178 4344 w
10 R f
(.)5375 4344 w
10 I f
(Pos1)1080 4464 w
10 R f
(and)1325 4464 w
10 I f
(pos2)1506 4464 w
10 R f
(each have the form)3 797 1 1740 4464 t
10 I f
(m)2574 4464 w
10 CW f
(.)2654 4464 w
10 I f
(n)2722 4464 w
10 CW f
(,)2780 4464 w
10 R f
( one or more of the flags)6 1047(optionally followed by)2 935 2 2877 4464 t
10 CW f
(Mbdfginr)4895 4464 w
10 R f
(,)5375 4464 w
(where)1080 4584 w
10 I f
(m)1349 4584 w
10 R f
(tells a number of fields to skip from the beginning of the line and)13 2619 1 1455 4584 t
10 I f
(n)4100 4584 w
10 R f
(tells a number of characters to)5 1215 1 4185 4584 t
( missing)1 343( A)1 128( for this key.)3 523( any flags are present they override all the global ordering options)11 2708( If)1 123(skip further.)1 495 6 1080 4704 t
10 CW f
(.)1080 4824 w
10 I f
(n)1148 4824 w
10 R f
(means)1235 4824 w
10 CW f
(.0;)1519 4824 w
10 R f
(a missing)1 385 1 1728 4824 t
10 CW f
(\255)2142 4824 w
10 I f
(pos2)2210 4824 w
10 R f
( the)1 152( Under)1 304( line.)1 205(means the end of the)4 842 4 2436 4824 t
10 CW f
(\255t)3969 4824 w
10 I f
(x)4097 4824 w
10 R f
(option, fields are strings sepa\255)4 1221 1 4179 4824 t
(rated by)1 331 1 1080 4944 t
10 I f
(x)1442 4944 w
10 R f
( space before a field is)5 924( White)1 300(; otherwise fields are non\255empty strings separated by white space.)9 2682 3 1494 4944 t
(part of the field, except under option)6 1461 1 1080 5064 t
10 CW f
(\255b)2566 5064 w
10 R f
(. A)1 147 1 2686 5064 t
10 CW f
(b)2858 5064 w
10 R f
(flag may be attached independently to)5 1522 1 2943 5064 t
10 I f
(pos1)4490 5064 w
10 R f
(and)4704 5064 w
10 I f
(pos2.)4873 5064 w
10 R f
(The notation)1 512 1 1080 5232 t
10 CW f
(\255k)1622 5232 w
10 I f
(pos1 [, pos2])2 541 1 1772 5232 t
10 R f
( course,)1 315( Of)1 160(is the Posix version of fields.)5 1186 3 2343 5232 t
10 I f
(pos1)4034 5232 w
10 R f
(and)4253 5232 w
10 I f
(pos2)4427 5232 w
10 R f
(have the same for\255)3 754 1 4646 5232 t
( value of)2 363( The)1 212(mat but different meanings.)3 1125 3 1080 5352 t
10 CW f
(.)2812 5352 w
10 I f
(m)2880 5352 w
10 R f
( 0 and a missing)4 674(is base 1 instead of base)5 997 2 2992 5352 t
10 CW f
(.)4694 5352 w
10 I f
(n)4762 5352 w
10 R f
(in)4851 5352 w
10 I f
(pos2)4960 5352 w
10 R f
(is the)1 220 1 5180 5352 t
(end of the field.)3 632 1 1080 5472 t
( Lines)1 275( compared only after all earlier keys compare equal.)8 2098(When there are multiple sort keys, later keys are)8 1947 3 1080 5640 t
(that otherwise compare equal are ordered with all bytes significant.)9 2683 1 1080 5760 t
(These option arguments are also understood:)5 1789 1 1080 5928 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 6096 w
10 R f
( to the ordering rules; give no output unless)8 1770(Check that the single input file is sorted according)8 2033 2 1597 6096 t
(the file is out of sort.)5 833 1 1597 6216 t
10 CW f
(\255m)1080 6384 w
10 R f
( input files are already sorted.)5 1221(Merge; the)1 441 2 1597 6384 t
10 CW f
(\255r)3316 6384 w
10 R f
( option does not work with the)6 1264(option. This)1 516 2 3468 6384 t
10 CW f
(\255u)5280 6384 w
10 R f
(option.)1597 6504 w
10 CW f
(\255u)1080 6672 w
10 R f
( bytes and bytes outside keys do not)7 1511( Ignored)1 369(Suppress all but one in each set of equal lines.)9 1923 3 1597 6672 t
(participate in this comparison.)3 1210 1 1597 6792 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 6960 w
10 R f
( file)1 160( This)1 230( of the standard output.)4 932(The next argument is the name of an output file to use instead)12 2481 4 1597 6960 t
(may be the same as one of the inputs.)8 1495 1 1597 7080 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 135)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( SORT)1 4144(SORT \( 1 \))3 396 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(\255T)1080 960 w
10 I f
(dir)1208 960 w
10 R f
(Put temporary files in)3 869 1 1597 960 t
10 I f
(dir)2491 960 w
10 R f
(rather than in)2 532 1 2633 960 t
10 CW f
(/tmp)3190 960 w
10 R f
(.)3430 960 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 1128 t
10 CW f
(sort \255u +0f +0 list)4 1140 1 1080 1248 t
10 R f
( differ)1 249(Print in alphabetical order all the unique spellings in a list of words where capitalized words)15 3711 2 1440 1368 t
(from uncapitalized.)1 776 1 1440 1488 t
10 CW f
(sort \255t: +1 /adm/users)3 1320 1 1080 1656 t
10 R f
(Print the users file sorted by user name \(the second colon\255separated field\).)11 2960 1 1440 1776 t
10 CW f
(sort \255umM dates)2 900 1 1080 1944 t
10 R f
( Options)1 376( in an already sorted file.)5 1037(Print the first instance of each month)6 1524 3 1440 2064 t
10 CW f
(\255um)4411 2064 w
10 R f
(with just one input)3 775 1 4625 2064 t
(file make the choice of a unique representative from a set of equal lines predictable.)14 3344 1 1440 2184 t
10 CW f
(grep \255n '^' input | sort \255t: +1f +0n | sed 's/[0\2559]*://')11 3360 1 1080 2352 t
10 R f
(A stable sort: input lines that compare equal will come out in their original order.)14 3244 1 1440 2472 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2640 t
10 CW f
(/tmp/sort.)1080 2760 w
10 S f
(<)1688 2760 w
10 I f
(pid)1743 2760 w
10 S f
(>)1871 2760 w
10 I f
(.)1926 2760 w
10 S f
(<)1951 2760 w
10 I f
(ordinal)2006 2760 w
10 S f
(>)2301 2760 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2928 t
10 I f
(uniq)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1266 3048 w
10 I f
(look)1432 3048 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1612 3048 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 3216 t
10 I f
(Sort)1080 3336 w
10 R f
( for disorder discovered)3 992(comments and exits with non\255null status for various trouble conditions and)10 3123 2 1285 3336 t
(under option)1 508 1 1080 3456 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1613 3456 w
10 R f
(.)1733 3456 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3624 t
10 R f
( result)1 255( The)1 213( with an internally generated end\255of\255field character.)6 2105(An external null character can be confused)6 1747 4 1080 3744 t
(can make a sub\255field not sort less than a longer field.)10 2110 1 1080 3864 t
(Some of the options, e.g.)4 997 1 1080 4032 t
10 CW f
(\255i)2127 4032 w
10 R f
(and)2272 4032 w
10 CW f
(\255M)2441 4032 w
10 R f
(, are hopelessly provincial.)3 1073 1 2561 4032 t
( 136)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( SPELL)1 4105(SPELL \( 1 \))3 435 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(spell)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1294 1080 w
10 R f
(find spelling errors)2 760 1 1384 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(spell)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 I f
(options)1463 1368 w
10 R f
(] \()1 91 1 1783 1368 t
10 CW f
(.,.)1890 1368 w
10 R f
(\)[)2086 1368 w
10 I f
(file)2177 1368 w
10 R f
(] \()1 91 1 2330 1368 t
10 CW f
(.,.)2437 1368 w
10 R f
(\).PP)2633 1368 w
10 CW f
(sprog)2828 1368 w
10 R f
([)3153 1368 w
10 I f
(options)3211 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3531 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255f)3647 1368 w
10 I f
(file)3792 1368 w
10 R f
(])3945 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Spell)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(looks up words from the named)5 1368 1 1325 1656 t
10 I f
(files)2738 1656 w
10 R f
( Possible)1 405( default\) in a public spelling list.)6 1423(\(standard input)1 622 3 2950 1656 t
(misspellings)1080 1776 w
10 S1 f
(\320)1581 1776 w
10 R f
( in neither and are not plausibly derivable from the former)10 2393(words that occur)2 681 2 1681 1776 t
10 S1 f
(\320)4755 1776 w
10 R f
(are placed on)2 545 1 4855 1776 t
(the standard output.)2 791 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(Spell)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(ignores constructs of)2 832 1 1305 2064 t
10 I f
(troff)2162 2064 w
10 R f
( understands these options:)3 1080( It)1 111(\(1\) and its standard preprocessors.)4 1366 3 2343 2064 t
10 CW f
(\255b)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(Check British spelling.)2 920 1 1440 2232 t
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(Print all words not literally in the spelling list, with derivations.)10 2540 1 1440 2400 t
10 CW f
(\255x)1080 2568 w
10 R f
(Print, marked with)2 747 1 1440 2568 t
10 CW f
(=)2212 2568 w
10 R f
(, every stem as it is looked up in the spelling list, along with its affix classes.)16 3063 1 2272 2568 t
(As a matter of policy,)4 888 1 1080 2736 t
10 I f
(spell)1998 2736 w
10 R f
( that follow gen\255)3 681( Variants)1 393(does not admit multiple spellings of the same word.)8 2109 3 2217 2736 t
( in)1 115( Thus,)1 287( unruly spelling is more common.)5 1410(eral rules are preferred over those that don't, even when the)10 2508 4 1080 2856 t
( `modeled', `sizable', and)3 1055(American usage, `modelled', `sizeable', and `judgment' are rejected in favor of)10 3265 2 1080 2976 t
( and)1 169( variants are shunned: `crewmember' and `backyard' cede to `crew member')10 3065(`judgement'. Agglutinated)1 1086 3 1080 3096 t
(`back yard' \(noun\) or `back\255yard' \(adjective\).)5 1820 1 1080 3216 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3384 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/amspell)1080 3504 w
10 R f
(American spelling list)2 883 1 2160 3504 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/brspell)1080 3624 w
10 R f
(British spelling list)2 763 1 2160 3624 t
10 CW f
(/bin/aux/sprog)1080 3744 w
10 R f
( one word per line on standard input, and)8 1671( expects)1 327( It)1 114(The actual spelling checker.)3 1128 4 2160 3744 t
(takes the same arguments as)4 1131 1 2160 3864 t
10 I f
(spell)3316 3864 w
10 R f
(.)3513 3864 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4032 t
10 I f
(deroff)1080 4152 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1327 4152 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4320 t
10 R f
(The heuristics of)2 671 1 1080 4440 t
10 I f
(deroff)1776 4440 w
10 R f
(\(1\) used to excise formatting information are imperfect.)7 2223 1 2023 4440 t
( is uneven; in particular biology, medicine, and chemistry, and perforce proper)11 3204(The spelling list's coverage)3 1116 2 1080 4560 t
(names, not to mention languages other than English, are covered very lightly.)11 3096 1 1080 4680 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 137)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( SPLIT)1 4133(SPLIT \( 1 \))3 407 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(split)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1278 1080 w
10 R f
(split a file into pieces)4 855 1 1368 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(split)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1463 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1844 1368 t
10 I f
(file)1960 1368 w
10 R f
(])2113 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Split)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(reads)1289 1656 w
10 I f
(file)1524 1656 w
10 R f
( names of)2 390( The)1 206( of 1000 lines per output file.)6 1169(\(standard input by default\) and writes it in pieces)8 1958 4 1677 1656 t
(the output files are)3 746 1 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(xaa)1851 1776 w
10 R f
(,)2031 1776 w
10 CW f
(xab)2081 1776 w
10 R f
(, and so on to)4 536 1 2261 1776 t
10 CW f
(xzz)2822 1776 w
10 R f
( options are)2 466(. The)1 230 2 3002 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255)1080 1944 w
10 I f
(n)1148 1944 w
10 R f
(Split into)1 371 1 1440 1944 t
10 I f
(n)1836 1944 w
10 R f
(\255line pieces.)1 482 1 1894 1944 t
10 CW f
(\255e)1080 2112 w
10 I f
(expression)1233 2112 w
10 R f
( line that matches a regular)5 1138(File divisions occur at each)4 1137 2 1440 2232 t
10 I f
(expression)3752 2232 w
10 R f
(; see)1 192 1 4187 2232 t
10 I f
(regexp)4416 2232 w
10 R f
(\(6\). Multiple)1 548 1 4695 2232 t
10 CW f
(\255e)5280 2232 w
10 R f
( subexpression of)2 705( a)1 73( If)1 120(options may appear.)2 815 4 1440 2352 t
10 I f
(expression)3181 2352 w
10 R f
(is contained in parentheses)3 1082 1 3636 2352 t
10 CW f
(\()4746 2352 w
10 R f
(...)4806 2352 w
10 CW f
(\))4881 2352 w
10 R f
(, the output)2 459 1 4941 2352 t
(file name is the portion of the line which matches the subexpression.)11 2741 1 1440 2472 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 2640 w
10 I f
(stem)1233 2640 w
10 R f
(Use)1440 2760 w
10 I f
(stem)1620 2760 w
10 R f
(instead of)1 391 1 1828 2760 t
10 CW f
(x)2244 2760 w
10 R f
(in output file names.)3 822 1 2329 2760 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 2928 w
10 I f
(suffix)1233 2928 w
10 R f
(Append)1440 3048 w
10 I f
(suffix)1781 3048 w
10 R f
(to names identified under)3 1018 1 2023 3048 t
10 CW f
(\255e)3066 3048 w
10 R f
(.)3186 3048 w
10 CW f
(\255x)1080 3216 w
10 R f
(Exclude the matched input line from the output file.)8 2073 1 1440 3216 t
10 CW f
(\255i)1080 3384 w
10 R f
(Ignore case in option)3 840 1 1440 3384 t
10 CW f
(\255e)2305 3384 w
10 R f
(; force output file names \(excluding the suffix\) to lower case.)10 2442 1 2425 3384 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3552 t
10 I f
(sed)1080 3672 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1221 3672 w
10 I f
(awk)1387 3672 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1556 3672 w
10 I f
(grep)1697 3672 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1888 3672 w
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( STOP)1 4155(STOP \( 1 \))3 385 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(stop, start)1 389 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1494 1080 w
10 R f
(print commands to stop and start processes)6 1715 1 1584 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(stop)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(name)1345 1368 w
10 CW f
(start)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(name)1405 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Stop)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(prints commands that will cause all processes called)7 2223 1 1303 1824 t
10 I f
(name)3571 1824 w
10 R f
( be)1 140(and owned by the current user to)6 1428 2 3832 1824 t
( processes can then be debugged when they are in a consistent state.)12 2713(stopped. The)1 541 2 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(Start)1080 2112 w
10 R f
(prints commands that will cause all stopped processes called)8 2467 1 1306 2112 t
10 I f
(name)3804 2112 w
10 R f
( by the current user to)5 908(and owned)1 441 2 4051 2112 t
(be started again.)2 651 1 1080 2232 t
(Use the)1 302 1 1080 2400 t
10 CW f
(send)1407 2400 w
10 R f
(command of)1 502 1 1672 2400 t
10 I f
(8\275)2199 2400 w
10 R f
(\(1\), or pipe into)3 627 1 2332 2400 t
10 I f
(rc)2984 2400 w
10 R f
(\(1\) to execute the commands.)4 1178 1 3075 2400 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2568 t
10 I f
(ps)1080 2688 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1177 2688 w
10 I f
(kill)1343 2688 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1479 2688 w
10 I f
(proc)1645 2688 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1836 2688 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 139)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( STRINGS)1 3983(STRINGS \( 1 \))3 557 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(strings)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1372 1080 w
10 R f
(extract printable strings)2 943 1 1462 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(strings)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1525 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1583 1368 t
10 R f
(])1836 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Strings)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( the)1 155( If)1 124( in a \(typically\) binary file.)5 1116(finds and prints strings containing 6 consecutive printable runes)8 2609 4 1396 1656 t
10 I f
(file)1080 1776 w
10 R f
( reports the decimal offset within the file)7 1628( Strings)1 334( input is taken from standard input.)6 1402(argument is omitted)2 802 4 1234 1776 t
( runes the line is terminated)5 1117(at which the string starts and the text of the string. If the string is longer than 70)17 3203 2 1080 1896 t
(by three dots and the printing is resumed on the next line with the offset of the continuation line.)18 3855 1 1080 2016 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2184 t
10 I f
(nm)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1210 2304 w
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( STRIP)1 4127(STRIP \( 1 \))3 413 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(strip)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1283 1080 w
10 R f
(remove symbols from binary files)4 1354 1 1373 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(strip)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1405 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Strip)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( a file requires write permission of)6 1435( Stripping)1 433( from executable files.)3 922(removes symbol table segments)3 1301 4 1309 1656 t
(the file and the directory it is in.)7 1282 1 1080 1776 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1944 t
10 I f
(a.out)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1291 2064 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 141)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( SUM)1 4183(SUM \( 1 \))3 357 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(sum)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1272 1080 w
10 R f
(sum and count blocks in a file)6 1199 1 1362 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(sum)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 CW f
(\2555r)1343 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1548 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1664 1368 t
10 R f
(])1917 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
(By default,)1 453 1 1080 1656 t
10 I f
(sum)1567 1656 w
10 R f
( each)1 217(calculates and prints a 32\255bit hexadecimal checksum, a byte count and the name of)13 3421 2 1762 1656 t
10 I f
(file)1080 1776 w
10 R f
( no files are given, the standard input is)8 1717( If)1 134( input length.)2 567( checksum is also a function of the)7 1517(. The)1 249 5 1216 1776 t
( options are)2 466( The)1 205( summing algorithms are available.)4 1407(summed. Other)1 641 4 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(Sum with the algorithm of System V's)6 1545 1 1440 2064 t
10 CW f
(sum \255r)1 360 1 3010 2064 t
10 R f
(and print the length \(in 1K blocks\) of the input.)9 1893 1 3395 2064 t
10 CW f
(\2555)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(Sum with System V's default algorithm and print the length \(in 512\255byte blocks\) of the input.)15 3743 1 1440 2232 t
10 I f
(Sum)1080 2400 w
10 R f
( spots, to validate a file communicated over some transmission line or)11 2836(is typically used to look for bad)6 1284 2 1280 2400 t
(as a quick way to determine if two files on different machines might be the same.)15 3250 1 1080 2520 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2688 t
10 I f
(cmp)1080 2808 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1254 2808 w
10 I f
(wc)1420 2808 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1539 2808 w
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( SYSCALL)1 3955(SYSCALL \( 1 \))3 585 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(syscall)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1402 1080 w
10 R f
(test a system call)3 680 1 1492 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(syscall)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1525 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255o)1583 1368 w
10 R f
(])1728 1368 w
10 I f
(entry)1786 1368 w
10 R f
([)2016 1368 w
10 I f
(arg ...)1 239 1 2074 1368 t
10 R f
(])2338 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Syscall)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(makes the)1 403 1 1389 1656 t
10 I f
(entry)1818 1656 w
10 R f
( prints the return value and the error string,)8 1724( It)1 112(system call with the given arguments.)5 1515 3 2049 1656 t
( value is passed\), a string \(its)6 1205( argument is either an integer constant as in C \(its)10 2071( An)1 181(if there was an error.)4 863 4 1080 1776 t
(address is passed\), or the literal)5 1273 1 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(buf)2382 1896 w
10 R f
( If)1 121( to a 1 Kbyte buffer is passed\).)7 1260(\(a pointer)1 389 3 2591 1896 t
10 CW f
(\255o)4391 1896 w
10 R f
(is given, the contents)3 859 1 4541 1896 t
(of the 1 Kbyte buffer are printed as a string after the system call is done.)15 2888 1 1080 2016 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 2184 t
10 R f
(Write a string to standard output)5 1296 1 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(syscall write 1 hello 5)4 1380 1 1440 2472 t
10 R f
(Print the last system call error string)6 1449 1 1080 2640 t
10 CW f
(syscall \255o errstr buf)3 1260 1 1440 2808 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2976 t
10 R f
(Section 2 of this manual.)4 997 1 1080 3096 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 3264 t
10 R f
(If)1080 3384 w
10 I f
(entry)1172 3384 w
10 R f
(is not a system call name, the exit status is)9 1703 1 1403 3384 t
10 CW f
(unknown)3132 3384 w
10 R f
( the system call succeeds, the exit status is)8 1706(. If)1 142 2 3552 3384 t
(null; otherwise the exit status is the string that)8 1839 1 1080 3504 t
10 I f
(errstr)2944 3504 w
10 R f
(\(2\) returns.)1 443 1 3180 3504 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TAIL)1 4173(TAIL \( 1 \))3 367 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(tail)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1233 1080 w
10 R f
(deliver the last part of a file)6 1103 1 1323 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(tail)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 CW f
(+\255)1403 1368 w
10 I f
(number)1523 1368 w
10 R f
([)1828 1368 w
10 CW f
(lbc)1861 1368 w
10 R f
(][)2041 1368 w
10 CW f
(rf)2107 1368 w
10 R f
(] ] [)2 149 1 2227 1368 t
10 I f
(file)2401 1368 w
10 R f
(])2554 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Tail)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( no file is named, the)5 873( If)1 123( named file to the standard output beginning at a designated place.)11 2723(copies the)1 408 4 1273 1656 t
(standard input is copied.)3 977 1 1080 1776 t
(Copying begins at position)3 1088 1 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
(+)2197 1944 w
10 I f
(number)2265 1944 w
10 R f
(measured from the beginning, or)4 1322 1 2599 1944 t
10 CW f
(\255)3951 1944 w
10 I f
(number)4019 1944 w
10 R f
(from the end of the input.)5 1046 1 4354 1944 t
10 I f
(Number)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(is counted in lines, 1K blocks or characters, according to the appended flag)12 3059 1 1432 2064 t
10 CW f
(l)4521 2064 w
10 R f
(,)4581 2064 w
10 CW f
(b)4636 2064 w
10 R f
(, or)1 138 1 4696 2064 t
10 CW f
(c)4864 2064 w
10 R f
( is)1 97(. Default)1 379 2 4924 2064 t
10 CW f
(\25510l)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(\(ten ell\).)1 338 1 1345 2184 t
(The further flag)2 639 1 1080 2352 t
10 CW f
(r)1749 2352 w
10 R f
(causes tail to print lines from the end of the file in reverse order;)13 2635 1 1839 2352 t
10 CW f
(f)4504 2352 w
10 R f
(\(follow\) causes)1 617 1 4594 2352 t
10 I f
(tail,)5241 2352 w
10 R f
(after printing to the end, to keep watch and print further data as it appears.)14 2960 1 1080 2472 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 2640 t
10 CW f
(tail file)1 540 1 1080 2760 t
10 R f
(Print the last 10 lines of a file.)7 1205 1 1440 2880 t
10 CW f
(tail +0f file)2 780 1 1080 3048 t
10 R f
(Print a file, and continue to watch data accumulate as it grows.)11 2504 1 1440 3168 t
10 CW f
(sed 10q file)2 720 1 1080 3336 t
10 R f
(Print the first 10 lines of a file.)7 1227 1 1440 3456 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3624 t
10 R f
(Tails relative to the end of the file are treasured up in a buffer, and thus are limited in length.)19 3701 1 1080 3744 t
(According to custom, option)3 1144 1 1080 3864 t
10 CW f
(+)2249 3864 w
10 I f
(number)2317 3864 w
10 R f
(counts lines from 1, and counts blocks and characters from 0.)10 2451 1 2647 3864 t
( 144)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TAPEFS)1 4038(TAPEFS \( 1 \))3 502 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(tapefs)1080 1080 w
10 S f
(-)1343 1080 w
10 R f
(mount archival file systems)3 1102 1 1423 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fs/32vfs)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1585 1368 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1643 1368 w
10 CW f
(m)1708 1368 w
10 I f
(mountpoint)1793 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2274 1368 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2390 1368 w
10 CW f
(p)2455 1368 w
10 I f
(passwd)2540 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2860 1368 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2976 1368 w
10 CW f
(g)3041 1368 w
10 I f
(group)3126 1368 w
10 R f
(])3390 1368 w
10 I f
(file)3448 1368 w
10 CW f
(fs/cpiofs)1080 1488 w
(fs/tarfs)1080 1608 w
(fs/tpfs)1080 1728 w
(fs/v6fs)1080 1848 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2016 t
10 R f
( from traditional tape or file system formats stored in)9 2180(These commands interpret data)3 1268 2 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(file)4560 2136 w
10 R f
(, and mount their)3 704 1 4696 2136 t
( optional)1 354( The)1 206(contents \(read\255only\) into a Plan 9 file system.)7 1827 3 1080 2256 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3493 2256 w
10 CW f
(p)3558 2256 w
10 R f
(and)3644 2256 w
10 S1 f
(\261)3814 2256 w
10 CW f
(g)3879 2256 w
10 R f
( password)1 402(flags specify Unix\255format)2 1033 2 3965 2256 t
( on the)2 292(\(respectively group\) files that give the mapping between the numeric user\255 and group\255ID numbers)13 4028 2 1080 2376 t
( The)1 215(media and the strings reported by Plan 9 status inquiries.)9 2355 2 1080 2496 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3685 2496 w
10 CW f
(m)3750 2496 w
10 R f
( which the)2 434(flag introduces the name at)4 1121 2 3845 2496 t
(new file system should be attached.)5 1420 1 1080 2616 t
10 I f
(32vfs)1080 2784 w
10 R f
( for the VAX,)3 578(interprets raw disk dumps of 32V systems, which are ca. 1978 research Unix systems)13 3499 2 1323 2784 t
(and also pre\255FFS Berkeley VAX systems.)5 1676 1 1080 2904 t
10 I f
(Cpiofs)1080 3072 w
10 R f
(interprets)1367 3072 w
10 I f
(cpio)1769 3072 w
10 R f
(tape images \(constructed with)3 1195 1 1966 3072 t
10 CW f
(c)3186 3072 w
10 R f
(flag\).)3271 3072 w
10 I f
(Tarfs)1080 3240 w
10 R f
(interprets)1317 3240 w
10 I f
(tar)1719 3240 w
10 R f
(tape images.)1 499 1 1861 3240 t
10 I f
(Tpfs)1080 3408 w
10 R f
(interprets)1278 3408 w
10 I f
(tp)1680 3408 w
10 R f
(tapes from the Fifth through Seventh Edition research Unix systems.)9 2742 1 1783 3408 t
10 I f
(V6fs)1080 3576 w
10 R f
(interprets disk images from the Fifth and Sixth edition research Unix systems.)11 3120 1 1283 3576 t
(These commands are constructed in a highly stereotyped way using the files)11 3119 1 1080 3744 t
10 I f
(fs.c)4231 3744 w
10 R f
(and)4400 3744 w
10 I f
(util.c)4577 3744 w
10 R f
(in their source)2 587 1 4813 3744 t
(directory, which in turn derive substantially from)6 1967 1 1080 3864 t
10 I f
(ramfs)3072 3864 w
10 R f
(\(4\).)3308 3864 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4032 t
10 R f
(Section 5)1 375 1 1080 4152 t
10 I f
(passim)1480 4152 w
10 R f
(,)1766 4152 w
10 I f
(ramfs)1816 4152 w
10 R f
(\(4\).)2052 4152 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 145)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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172 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TAR)1 4200(TAR \( 1 \))3 340 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(tar)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1210 1080 w
10 R f
(archiver)1300 1080 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(tar)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(key)1285 1368 w
10 R f
([)1442 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1500 1368 t
10 R f
(])1753 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Tar)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( a tree of files from one system to)8 1486( is most often used to transport)6 1335( It)1 128(saves and restores file trees.)4 1184 4 1267 1656 t
(another. The)1 537 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(key)1650 1776 w
10 R f
( argu\255)1 242( Other)1 284( string that contains at most one function letter plus optional modifiers.)11 2915(is a)1 144 4 1815 1776 t
( directory name implies)3 949( A)1 123( or directories to be dumped or restored.)7 1609(ments to the command are names of files)7 1639 4 1080 1896 t
(all the contained files and subdirectories \(recursively\).)6 2170 1 1080 2016 t
(The function is one of the following letters:)7 1740 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(c)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(Create a new archive with the given files as contents.)9 2123 1 1440 2352 t
10 CW f
(x)1080 2520 w
10 R f
( extracted recur\255)2 670( a file is a directory, the directory is)8 1486( If)1 124(Extract the named files from the archive.)6 1680 4 1440 2520 t
( If)1 122( no file argument is given, extract the entire archive.)9 2141( If)1 122( if possible.)2 476( are restored)2 506(sively. Modes)1 593 6 1440 2640 t
(the archive contains multiple entries for a file, the latest one wins.)11 2632 1 1440 2760 t
10 CW f
(t)1080 2928 w
10 R f
(List all occurrences of each)4 1096 1 1440 2928 t
10 I f
(file)2561 2928 w
10 R f
(in the archive, or of all files if there are no)10 1687 1 2714 2928 t
10 I f
(file)4426 2928 w
10 R f
(arguments.)4579 2928 w
10 CW f
(r)1080 3096 w
10 R f
(The named files are appended to the archive.)7 1789 1 1440 3096 t
(The modifiers are:)2 737 1 1080 3264 t
10 CW f
(v)1080 3432 w
10 R f
( With)1 260( the function letter.)3 790(\(verbose\) Print the name of each file treated preceded by)9 2343 3 1440 3432 t
10 CW f
(t)4868 3432 w
10 R f
(, give more)2 472 1 4928 3432 t
(details about the archive entries.)4 1289 1 1440 3552 t
10 CW f
(f)1080 3720 w
10 R f
( archive instead of the default standard input \(for keys)9 2195(Use the next argument as the name of the)8 1676 2 1440 3720 t
10 CW f
(x)5340 3720 w
10 R f
(and)1440 3840 w
10 CW f
(t)1609 3840 w
10 R f
(\) or standard output \(for keys)5 1167 1 1669 3840 t
10 CW f
(c)2861 3840 w
10 R f
(and)2946 3840 w
10 CW f
(r)3115 3840 w
10 R f
(\).)3175 3840 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 4008 t
10 I f
(Tar)1080 4128 w
10 R f
(can be used to move hierarchies thus:)6 1497 1 1250 4128 t
10 CW f
({cd fromdir; tar c .} | {cd todir; tar x})9 2460 1 1440 4296 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4464 t
10 I f
(ar)1080 4584 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1177 4584 w
10 I f
(bundle)1343 4584 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1623 4584 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4752 t
10 R f
(There is no way to ask for any but the last occurrence of a file.)14 2496 1 1080 4872 t
(File path names are limited to 100 characters.)7 1819 1 1080 4992 t
( allows specification of links and symbolic links, concepts foreign to Plan 9: they are)14 3702(The tar format)2 618 2 1080 5112 t
(ignored.)1080 5232 w
( 146)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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173 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TBL)1 4211(TBL \( 1 \))3 329 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(tbl)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1211 1080 w
10 R f
(format tables for nroff or troff)5 1199 1 1301 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(tbl)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1343 1368 t
10 R f
(])1596 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Tbl)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(is a preprocessor for formatting tables for)6 1705 1 1247 1656 t
10 I f
(nroff)2985 1656 w
10 R f
(or)3213 1656 w
10 I f
(troff)3329 1656 w
10 R f
( the standard)2 528( input files are copied to)5 1008(\(1\). The)1 354 3 3510 1656 t
(output, except for segments of the form)6 1578 1 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(.TS)1440 1944 w
10 I f
(options)1440 2064 w
10 CW f
(;)1803 2064 w
10 I f
(format)1440 2184 w
10 CW f
(.)1775 2184 w
10 I f
(data)1440 2304 w
10 CW f
(.T&)1440 2424 w
10 I f
(format)1440 2544 w
10 CW f
(.)1775 2544 w
10 I f
(data)1440 2664 w
10 R f
(. . .)2 125 1 1440 2784 t
10 CW f
(.TE)1440 2904 w
10 R f
(which describe tables and are replaced by)6 1673 1 1080 3072 t
10 I f
(troff)2780 3072 w
10 R f
( no arguments are given,)4 996( If)1 119( tables.)1 286(requests to lay out the)4 885 4 2980 3072 t
10 I f
(tbl)5294 3072 w
10 R f
(reads the standard input.)3 976 1 1080 3192 t
(The \(optional\))1 574 1 1080 3360 t
10 I f
(options)1679 3360 w
10 R f
(line is terminated by a semicolon and contains one or more of)11 2466 1 1999 3360 t
10 CW f
(center)1440 3528 w
10 R f
(center the table; default is left\255adjust)5 1461 1 2220 3528 t
10 CW f
(expand)1440 3648 w
10 R f
(make table as wide as current line length)7 1627 1 2220 3648 t
10 CW f
(box)1440 3768 w
(doublebox)1440 3888 w
10 R f
(enclose the table in a box or double box)8 1592 1 2220 3888 t
10 CW f
(allbox)1440 4008 w
10 R f
(enclose every item in a box)5 1095 1 2220 4008 t
10 CW f
(tab\()1440 4128 w
10 I f
(x)1688 4128 w
10 CW f
(\))1740 4128 w
10 R f
(use)2220 4128 w
10 I f
(x)2378 4128 w
10 R f
(to separate input items; default is tab)6 1471 1 2447 4128 t
10 CW f
(linesize\()1440 4248 w
10 I f
(n)1988 4248 w
10 CW f
(\))2046 4248 w
10 R f
(set rules in)2 433 1 2220 4248 t
10 I f
(n)2678 4248 w
10 R f
(\255point type)1 436 1 2736 4248 t
10 CW f
(delim\()1440 4368 w
10 I f
(xy)1808 4368 w
10 CW f
(\))1904 4368 w
10 R f
(recognize)2220 4368 w
10 I f
(x)2632 4368 w
10 R f
(and)2701 4368 w
10 I f
(y)2870 4368 w
10 R f
(as)2939 4368 w
10 I f
(eqn)3047 4368 w
10 R f
(\(1\) delimiters)1 541 1 3199 4368 t
(Each line, except the last, of the obligatory)7 1711 1 1080 4536 t
10 I f
(format)2816 4536 w
10 R f
( last line describes all)4 864( The)1 206( of the table.)3 502(describes one row)2 720 4 3108 4536 t
(rows until the next)3 753 1 1080 4656 t
10 CW f
(.T&)1860 4656 w
10 R f
( the format changes, or the end of the table at)10 1814(, where)1 295 2 2040 4656 t
10 CW f
(.TE)4175 4656 w
10 R f
( format is specified by)4 897(. A)1 148 2 4355 4656 t
(key letters, one per column, upper or lower case)8 1917 1 1080 4776 t
10 CW f
(L)1440 4944 w
10 R f
(Left justify: the default for columns without format keys.)8 2284 1 1800 4944 t
10 CW f
(R)1440 5064 w
10 R f
(Right justify.)1 529 1 1800 5064 t
10 CW f
(C)1440 5184 w
10 R f
(Center.)1800 5184 w
10 CW f
(N)1440 5304 w
10 R f
(Numeric: align at decimal point \(inferred for integers\) or at)9 2364 1 1800 5304 t
10 CW f
(\\&)4189 5304 w
10 R f
(.)4309 5304 w
10 CW f
(S)1440 5424 w
10 R f
(Span: extend previous column across this one.)6 1851 1 1800 5424 t
10 CW f
(A)1440 5544 w
10 R f
(Alphabetic: left\255aligned within column, widest item centered, indented relative to)9 3254 1 1800 5544 t
10 CW f
(L)5079 5544 w
10 R f
(rows.)5164 5544 w
10 CW f
(^)1440 5664 w
10 R f
(Vertical span: continue item from previous row into this row.)9 2453 1 1800 5664 t
10 CW f
(\255)1440 5784 w
10 R f
(Draw a horizontal rule in this column.)6 1523 1 1800 5784 t
10 CW f
(_)1440 5904 w
10 R f
(Draw a double horizontal rule in this column.)7 1820 1 1800 5904 t
(Key letters may be followed by modifiers, also either case:)9 2351 1 1080 6072 t
10 CW f
(|)1440 6240 w
10 R f
(Draw vertical rule between columns.)4 1471 1 1776 6240 t
10 CW f
(||)1440 6360 w
10 R f
(Draw a double vertical rule between columns.)6 1837 1 1776 6360 t
10 I f
(n)1440 6480 w
10 R f
(Gap between column is)3 940 1 1776 6480 t
10 I f
(n)2741 6480 w
10 R f
( is 3.)2 192( Default)1 349(ens wide.)1 377 3 2816 6480 t
10 CW f
(F)1440 6600 w
10 I f
(font)1508 6600 w
10 R f
(Use specified)1 540 1 1776 6600 t
10 I f
(font.)2341 6600 w
10 CW f
(B)2547 6600 w
10 R f
(and)2632 6600 w
10 CW f
(I)2801 6600 w
10 R f
(mean)2886 6600 w
10 CW f
(FB)3127 6600 w
10 R f
(and)3272 6600 w
10 CW f
(FI)3441 6600 w
10 R f
(.)3561 6600 w
10 CW f
(T)1440 6720 w
10 R f
(Begin vertically\255spanned item at top row of range; default is vertical centering \(with)12 3366 1 1776 6720 t
10 CW f
(^)5167 6720 w
10 R f
(\).)5227 6720 w
10 CW f
(P)1440 6840 w
10 I f
(n)1508 6840 w
10 R f
(Use point size)2 566 1 1776 6840 t
10 I f
(n.)2367 6840 w
10 CW f
(V)1440 6960 w
10 I f
(n)1508 6960 w
10 R f
(Use)1776 6960 w
10 I f
(n)1956 6960 w
10 R f
(\255point vertical spacing in text block; signed)6 1732 1 2014 6960 t
10 I f
(n)3771 6960 w
10 R f
(means relative change.)2 911 1 3846 6960 t
10 CW f
(W\()1440 7080 w
10 I f
(n)1568 7080 w
10 CW f
(\))1626 7080 w
10 R f
(Column width as a)3 753 1 1776 7080 t
10 I f
(troff)2554 7080 w
10 R f
( are optional if)3 585( Parens)1 316(width specification.)1 788 3 2752 7080 t
10 I f
(n)4466 7080 w
10 R f
(is a simple integer.)3 755 1 4541 7080 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 147)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TBL)1 4211(TBL \( 1 \))3 329 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(E)1440 960 w
10 R f
(Equalize the widths of all columns marked)6 1709 1 1776 960 t
10 CW f
(E)3510 960 w
10 R f
(.)3570 960 w
(Each line of)2 512 1 1080 1128 t
10 I f
(data)1632 1128 w
10 R f
( beginning with)2 660( Lines)1 288( items.)1 283(becomes one row of the table; tabs separate)7 1842 4 1850 1128 t
10 CW f
(.)4964 1128 w
10 R f
(are)5065 1128 w
10 I f
(troff)5227 1128 w
10 R f
( special data items are recognized:)5 1371(requests. Certain)1 696 2 1080 1248 t
10 CW f
(_)1440 1416 w
10 R f
(Draw a horizontal rule in this column.)6 1523 1 1800 1416 t
10 CW f
(=)1440 1536 w
10 R f
( of a single)3 468( data line consisting)3 821( A)1 130(Draw a double horizontal rule in this column.)7 1876 4 1800 1536 t
10 CW f
(_)5129 1536 w
10 R f
(or)5223 1536 w
10 CW f
(=)5340 1536 w
10 R f
(draws the rule across the whole table.)6 1499 1 1800 1656 t
10 CW f
(\\_)1440 1776 w
10 R f
(Draw a rule only as wide as the contents of the column.)11 2218 1 1800 1776 t
10 CW f
(\\R)1440 1896 w
10 I f
(x)1568 1896 w
10 R f
(Repeat character)1 666 1 1800 1896 t
10 I f
(x)2491 1896 w
10 R f
(across the column.)2 746 1 2560 1896 t
10 CW f
(\\^)1440 2016 w
10 R f
(Span the previous item in this column down into this row.)10 2320 1 1800 2016 t
10 CW f
(T{)1440 2136 w
10 R f
(The item is a text block to be separately formatted by)10 2200 1 1800 2136 t
10 I f
(troff)4032 2136 w
10 R f
( The)1 212(and placed in the table.)4 951 2 4237 2136 t
( with)1 211(block continues to the next line beginning)6 1731 2 1800 2256 t
10 CW f
(T})3775 2256 w
10 R f
( remainder of the data line fol\255)6 1267(. The)1 238 2 3895 2256 t
(lows at that point.)3 717 1 1800 2376 t
(When it is used in a pipeline with)7 1404 1 1080 2544 t
10 I f
(eqn,)2518 2544 w
10 R f
(the)2721 2544 w
10 I f
(tbl)2877 2544 w
10 R f
(command should be first, to minimize the volume of data)9 2383 1 3017 2544 t
(passed through pipes.)2 863 1 1080 2664 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 2832 t
10 R f
(Let)1080 2952 w
10 S f
(<)1238 2952 w
10 R f
(tab)1293 2952 w
10 S f
(>)1415 2952 w
10 R f
(represent a tab \(which should be typed as a genuine tab\).)10 2264 1 1495 2952 t
10 CW f
(.TS)1080 3072 w
(c s s)2 300 1 1080 3192 t
(c c s)2 300 1 1080 3312 t
(c c c)2 300 1 1080 3432 t
(l n n.)2 360 1 1080 3552 t
(Household Population)1 1200 1 1080 3672 t
(Town)1080 3792 w
10 S f
(<)1320 3792 w
10 R f
(tab)1375 3792 w
10 S f
(>)1497 3792 w
10 CW f
(Households)1552 3792 w
10 S f
(<)1080 3912 w
10 R f
(tab)1135 3912 w
10 S f
(>)1257 3912 w
10 CW f
(Number)1312 3912 w
10 S f
(<)1672 3912 w
10 R f
(tab)1727 3912 w
10 S f
(>)1849 3912 w
10 CW f
(Size)1904 3912 w
(Bedminster)1080 4032 w
10 S f
(<)1680 4032 w
10 R f
(tab)1735 4032 w
10 S f
(>)1857 4032 w
10 CW f
(789)1912 4032 w
10 S f
(<)2092 4032 w
10 R f
(tab)2147 4032 w
10 S f
(>)2269 4032 w
10 CW f
(3.26)2324 4032 w
(Bernards Twp.)1 780 1 1080 4152 t
10 S f
(<)1860 4152 w
10 R f
(tab)1915 4152 w
10 S f
(>)2037 4152 w
10 CW f
(3087)2092 4152 w
10 S f
(<)2332 4152 w
10 R f
(tab)2387 4152 w
10 S f
(>)2509 4152 w
10 CW f
(3.74)2564 4152 w
(Bernardsville)1080 4272 w
10 S f
(<)1860 4272 w
10 R f
(tab)1915 4272 w
10 S f
(>)2037 4272 w
10 CW f
(2018)2092 4272 w
10 S f
(<)2332 4272 w
10 R f
(tab)2387 4272 w
10 S f
(>)2509 4272 w
10 CW f
(3.30)2564 4272 w
(.TE)1080 4392 w
(Household Population)1 1200 1 3660 3432 t
(Town Households)1 1335 1 3690 3552 t
(Number Size)1 750 1 4350 3672 t
( 3.26)1 450(Bedminster 789)1 1230 2 3420 3792 t
( 3087 3.74)2 900(Bernards Twp.)1 780 2 3420 3912 t
(Bernardsville 2018 3.30)2 1680 1 3420 4032 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4560 t
10 I f
(troff)1080 4680 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1261 4680 w
10 I f
(eqn)1427 4680 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1579 4680 w
( L. Cherry, `TBL)3 706(M. E. Lesk and L.)4 748 2 1080 4800 t
10 S1 f
(\320)2534 4800 w
10 R f
(a Program to Format Tables', Unix Research System Programmer's)8 2766 1 2634 4800 t
(Manual, Volume 2)2 752 1 1080 4920 t
( 148)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TCS)1 4216(TCS \( 1 \))3 324 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(tcs)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1216 1080 w
10 R f
(translate character sets)2 902 1 1306 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(tcs)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255slcv)1343 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1668 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1784 1368 w
10 I f
(ics)1929 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2065 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255t)2181 1368 w
10 I f
(ocs)2326 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2484 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2600 1368 t
10 R f
(])2853 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Tcs)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(interprets the named)2 825 1 1249 1656 t
10 I f
(file\(s\))2104 1656 w
10 R f
( from the)2 378(\(standard input default\) as a stream of characters)7 1976 2 2367 1656 t
10 I f
(ics)4752 1656 w
10 R f
(character set)1 506 1 4894 1656 t
( them to runes, and then converts them into a stream of characters from the)14 3005(or format, converts)2 766 2 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(ocs)4877 1776 w
10 R f
(character)5036 1776 w
( default value for)3 693( The)1 208(set or format on the standard output.)6 1469 3 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(ics)3478 1896 w
10 R f
(and)3617 1896 w
10 I f
(ocs)3789 1896 w
10 R f
(is)3950 1896 w
10 CW f
(utf)4045 1896 w
10 R f
(, the)1 175 1 4225 1896 t
9 R f
(UTF)4426 1896 w
10 R f
(encoding described)1 776 1 4624 1896 t
(in)1080 2016 w
10 I f
(utf)1189 2016 w
10 R f
(\(6\). The)1 352 1 1303 2016 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1686 2016 w
10 R f
( character sets known to)4 984(option lists the)2 602 2 1837 2016 t
10 I f
(tcs)3453 2016 w
10 R f
( continues in the face of conver\255)6 1315(. Processing)1 513 2 3572 2016 t
(sion errors \(the)2 618 1 1080 2136 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1731 2136 w
10 R f
( The)1 213(option prevents reporting of these errors\).)5 1703 2 1884 2136 t
10 CW f
(\255c)3833 2136 w
10 R f
(option forces the output to contain)5 1414 1 3986 2136 t
(only correctly converted characters; otherwise,)4 1877 1 1080 2256 t
10 CW f
(0x80)2983 2256 w
10 R f
(characters will be substituted for)4 1307 1 3249 2256 t
9 R f
(UTF)4580 2256 w
10 R f
(encoding errors)1 624 1 4776 2256 t
(and)1080 2376 w
10 CW f
(0xFFFD)1249 2376 w
10 R f
(characters will substituted for unknown characters.)5 2034 1 1634 2376 t
(The)1080 2544 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1267 2544 w
10 R f
( or makes the)3 559(option generates various diagnostic and summary information on standard error,)9 3269 2 1419 2544 t
10 CW f
(\255l)5280 2544 w
10 R f
(output more verbose.)2 846 1 1080 2664 t
10 I f
(Tcs)1080 2832 w
10 R f
(recognizes the following character sets:)4 1579 1 1244 2832 t
10 CW f
(utf)1080 3000 w
10 R f
(\(our\))1620 3000 w
9 R f
(UTF)1842 3000 w
10 R f
(encoding from X/Open)2 926 1 2037 3000 t
10 CW f
(utf1)1080 3120 w
9 R f
(UTF)1620 3120 w
10 R f
(encoding from 10646)2 860 1 1815 3120 t
10 CW f
(ascii)1080 3240 w
10 R f
(7\255bit ASCII)1 475 1 1620 3240 t
10 CW f
(8859\2551)1080 3360 w
10 R f
(Latin\2551 \(Central European\))2 1086 1 1620 3360 t
10 CW f
(8859\2552)1080 3480 w
10 R f
(Latin\2552 \(Czech .. Slovak\))3 1012 1 1620 3480 t
10 CW f
(8859\2553)1080 3600 w
10 R f
(Latin\2553 \(Dutch .. Turkish\))3 1040 1 1620 3600 t
10 CW f
(8859\2554)1080 3720 w
10 R f
(Latin\2554 \(Scandinavian\))1 923 1 1620 3720 t
10 CW f
(8859\2555)1080 3840 w
10 R f
(Part 5 \(Cyrillic\))2 633 1 1620 3840 t
10 CW f
(8859\2556)1080 3960 w
10 R f
(Part 6 \(Arabic\))2 598 1 1620 3960 t
10 CW f
(8859\2557)1080 4080 w
10 R f
(Part 7 \(Greek\))2 570 1 1620 4080 t
10 CW f
(8859\2558)1080 4200 w
10 R f
(Part 8 \(Hebrew\))2 642 1 1620 4200 t
10 CW f
(8859\2559)1080 4320 w
10 R f
(Latin\2555 \(Finnish .. Portuguese\))3 1230 1 1620 4320 t
10 CW f
(kio8)1080 4440 w
10 R f
(KIO\2558 \(recommended\))1 916 1 1620 4440 t
10 CW f
(kio8x)1080 4560 w
10 R f
(KIO\2558 \(alternate\))1 694 1 1620 4560 t
10 CW f
(jis)1080 4680 w
10 R f
(XJIS)1620 4680 w
10 CW f
(gb)1080 4800 w
10 R f
(Chinese national standard \(GB2312\25580\))3 1595 1 1620 4800 t
10 CW f
(big5)1080 4920 w
10 R f
(Big 5 \(HKU version\))3 846 1 1620 4920 t
10 CW f
(unicode)1080 5040 w
10 R f
(Unicode 1.0)1 488 1 1620 5040 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 5208 t
10 CW f
(tcs \255f 8859\2551)2 780 1 1080 5328 t
10 R f
(Convert 8859\2551 \(Latin\2551\) characters into)4 1624 1 1440 5448 t
9 R f
(UTF)3087 5448 w
10 R f
(format.)3282 5448 w
10 CW f
(tcs \255s \255f jis)3 780 1 1080 5616 t
10 R f
( encoded in one of several shift JIS encodings into)9 2182(Convert characters)1 768 2 1440 5736 t
9 R f
(UTF)4432 5736 w
10 R f
(format. Unknown)1 754 1 4646 5736 t
(Kanji will be converted into)4 1121 1 1440 5856 t
10 CW f
(0xFFFD)2586 5856 w
10 R f
(characters.)2971 5856 w
10 CW f
(tcs \255lv)1 420 1 1080 6024 t
10 R f
(Print an up to date list of the supported character sets.)10 2144 1 1440 6144 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6312 t
10 I f
(ascii)1080 6432 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1277 6432 w
10 I f
(rune)1443 6432 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1634 6432 w
10 I f
(utf)1800 6432 w
10 R f
(\(6\).)1914 6432 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 149)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TEE)1 4217(TEE \( 1 \))3 323 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(tee)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1221 1080 w
10 R f
(pipe fitting)1 442 1 1311 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(tee)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255i)1343 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1488 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255a)1604 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1749 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255u)1865 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2010 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2126 1368 t
10 R f
(])2379 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Tee)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(transcribes the standard input to the standard output and makes copies in the)12 3046 1 1249 1656 t
10 I f
(files.)4320 1656 w
10 R f
(The options are)2 621 1 4537 1656 t
10 CW f
(\255i)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(Ignore interrupts.)1 693 1 1440 1824 t
10 CW f
(\255a)1080 1992 w
10 R f
(Append the output to the)4 994 1 1440 1992 t
10 I f
(files)2459 1992 w
10 R f
(rather than rewriting them.)3 1070 1 2651 1992 t
10 CW f
(\255u)1080 2160 w
10 R f
(Unbuffered: write the output one character at a time.)8 2097 1 1440 2160 t
( 150)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TEL)1 4217(TEL \( 1 \))3 323 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(tel, pq)1 250 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1355 1080 w
10 R f
(look in phone book)3 775 1 1445 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(tel)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(key ...)1 232 1 1285 1368 t
10 CW f
(pq)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(name ...)1 316 1 1225 1488 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 I f
(Tel)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(looks up)1 362 1 1253 1776 t
10 I f
(key)1660 1776 w
10 R f
( telephone book,)2 705(in a private)2 489 2 1837 1776 t
10 CW f
($home/lib/tel,)3077 1776 w
10 R f
(and in the public telephone book,)5 1437 1 3963 1776 t
10 CW f
(/lib/tel)1080 1896 w
10 R f
( uses)1 203(. It)1 142 2 1560 1896 t
10 I f
(grep)1936 1896 w
10 R f
(\(with the)1 364 1 2150 1896 t
10 CW f
(\255i)2545 1896 w
10 R f
( may be any part of a)6 872(option to ignore case differences\), so the key)7 1832 2 2696 1896 t
( and office)2 462( the telephone book contains names, userids, home numbers,)8 2558( Customarily,)1 587(name or number.)2 713 4 1080 2016 t
( also contains a directory of area codes and miscellaneous people of general interest.)13 3369( It)1 111(numbers of users.)2 707 3 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(Pq)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(looks up names in the AT&T personnel database.)7 1975 1 1216 2304 t
10 I f
(Name)3241 2304 w
10 R f
( a surname optionally prefixed by ini\255)6 1515(should be)1 386 2 3499 2304 t
(tials and periods, as in)4 923 1 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(emlin)2036 2424 w
10 R f
(or)2369 2424 w
10 CW f
(g.emlin)2484 2424 w
10 R f
(or)2936 2424 w
10 CW f
(g.r.emlin)3051 2424 w
10 R f
(.)3591 2424 w
10 I f
(Pq)3673 2424 w
10 R f
(also accepts keyword arguments of the)5 1584 1 3816 2424 t
(form)1080 2544 w
10 I f
(key)1300 2544 w
10 CW f
(=)1440 2544 w
10 I f
(value. Key)1 447 1 1508 2544 t
10 R f
(may be one of)3 571 1 1981 2544 t
10 CW f
(org)2578 2544 w
10 R f
(for organization number,)2 999 1 2784 2544 t
10 CW f
(ext)3810 2544 w
10 R f
(or)4017 2544 w
10 CW f
(tel)4127 2544 w
10 R f
(for office telephone exten\255)3 1066 1 4334 2544 t
(sion, or)1 300 1 1080 2664 t
10 CW f
(room)1405 2664 w
10 R f
( that)1 175( Beware)1 354(for office number.)2 728 3 1670 2664 t
10 CW f
(=)2952 2664 w
10 R f
(must be quoted when passed through)5 1479 1 3037 2664 t
10 I f
(rc)4541 2664 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)4632 2664 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2832 t
10 CW f
(/lib/tel)1080 2952 w
10 R f
(Public telephone number database.)3 1392 1 1680 2952 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 151)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TEST)1 4161(TEST \( 1 \))3 379 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(test)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1244 1080 w
10 R f
(set status according to condition)4 1288 1 1334 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(test)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(expr)1345 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Test)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(evaluates the expression)2 990 1 1282 1656 t
10 I f
(expr)2307 1656 w
10 R f
( is)1 103( the value is true the exit status is null; otherwise the exit status)13 2654(. If)1 151 3 2492 1656 t
( there are no arguments the exit status is non\255null.)9 1992(non\255null. If)1 480 2 1080 1776 t
(The following primitives are used to construct)6 1848 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(expr)2953 1944 w
10 R f
(.)3138 1944 w
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 2112 w
10 I f
(file)1233 2112 w
10 R f
(True if the file exists \(is accessible\) and is readable.)9 2067 1 1665 2112 t
10 CW f
(\255w)1080 2232 w
10 I f
(file)1233 2232 w
10 R f
(True if the file exists and is writable.)7 1470 1 1665 2232 t
10 CW f
(\255x)1080 2352 w
10 I f
(file)1233 2352 w
10 R f
(True if the file exists and has execute permission.)8 1977 1 1665 2352 t
10 CW f
(\255e)1080 2472 w
10 I f
(file)1233 2472 w
10 R f
(True if the file exists.)4 857 1 1665 2472 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 2592 w
10 I f
(file)1233 2592 w
10 R f
(True if the file exists and is a plain file.)9 1570 1 1665 2592 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 2712 w
10 I f
(file)1233 2712 w
10 R f
(True if the file exists and is a directory.)8 1572 1 1665 2712 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 2832 w
10 I f
(file)1233 2832 w
10 R f
(True if the file exists and has a size greater than zero.)11 2127 1 1665 2832 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 2952 w
10 I f
(fildes)1233 2952 w
10 R f
(True if the open file whose file descriptor number is)9 2136 1 1665 2952 t
10 I f
(fildes)3832 2952 w
10 R f
(\(1 by default\) is the same file as)7 1320 1 4080 2952 t
10 CW f
(/dev/cons)1665 3072 w
10 R f
(.)2205 3072 w
10 I f
(s1)1080 3192 w
10 CW f
(=)1237 3192 w
10 I f
(s2)1365 3192 w
10 R f
(True if the strings)3 713 1 1665 3192 t
10 I f
(s1)2403 3192 w
10 R f
(and)2517 3192 w
10 I f
(s2)2686 3192 w
10 R f
(are identical.)1 515 1 2800 3192 t
10 I f
(s1)1080 3312 w
10 CW f
(!=)1237 3312 w
10 I f
(s2)1425 3312 w
10 R f
(True if the strings)3 713 1 1665 3312 t
10 I f
(s1)2403 3312 w
10 R f
(and)2517 3312 w
10 I f
(s2)2686 3312 w
10 R f
(are not identical.)2 668 1 2800 3312 t
( if)1 86(s1 True)1 773 2 1080 3432 t
10 I f
(s1)1964 3432 w
10 R f
( \(Deprecated.\))1 594(is not the null string.)4 826 2 2078 3432 t
10 CW f
(\255z)1080 3552 w
10 I f
(s1)1233 3552 w
10 R f
(True if the length of string)5 1057 1 1665 3552 t
10 I f
(s1)2747 3552 w
10 R f
(is zero.)1 288 1 2861 3552 t
10 I f
(n1)1080 3672 w
10 CW f
(\255eq)1248 3672 w
10 I f
(n2)1496 3672 w
10 R f
(True if the integers)3 780 1 1665 3672 t
10 I f
(n1)2476 3672 w
10 R f
(and)2607 3672 w
10 I f
(n2)2782 3672 w
10 R f
( of the comparisons)3 806( Any)1 228(are arithmetically equal.)2 979 3 2913 3672 t
10 CW f
(\255ne)4958 3672 w
10 R f
(,)5138 3672 w
10 CW f
(\255gt)5195 3672 w
10 R f
(,)5375 3672 w
10 CW f
(\255ge)1665 3792 w
10 R f
(,)1845 3792 w
10 CW f
(\255lt)1907 3792 w
10 R f
(, or)1 145 1 2087 3792 t
10 CW f
(\255le)2269 3792 w
10 R f
(may be used in place of)5 1005 1 2486 3792 t
10 CW f
(\255eq)3528 3792 w
10 R f
( \(nonstandard\) construct)2 992(. The)1 241 2 3708 3792 t
10 CW f
(\255l)4977 3792 w
10 I f
(string,)5141 3792 w
10 R f
(meaning the length of)3 874 1 1665 3912 t
10 I f
(string,)2564 3912 w
10 R f
(may be used in place of an integer.)7 1391 1 2848 3912 t
(These primaries may be combined with the following operators:)8 2563 1 1080 4080 t
10 CW f
(!)1080 4248 w
10 R f
(unary negation operator)2 953 1 1617 4248 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 4368 w
10 R f
(binary)1617 4368 w
10 I f
(or)1897 4368 w
10 R f
(operator)2011 4368 w
10 CW f
(\255a)1080 4488 w
10 R f
(binary)1617 4488 w
10 I f
(and)1897 4488 w
10 R f
(operator; higher precedence than)3 1309 1 2072 4488 t
10 CW f
(\255o)3406 4488 w
(\()1080 4608 w
10 I f
(expr)1208 4608 w
10 CW f
(\))1453 4608 w
10 R f
(parentheses for grouping.)2 1017 1 1617 4608 t
( to)1 104(Notice that all the operators and flags are separate arguments)9 2435 2 1080 4776 t
10 I f
(test)3645 4776 w
10 R f
( also that parentheses and equal)5 1266(. Notice)1 342 2 3792 4776 t
(signs are meaningful to)3 935 1 1080 4896 t
10 I f
(rc)2040 4896 w
10 R f
(and must be enclosed in quotes.)5 1271 1 2148 4896 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 5064 t
10 I f
(Test)1080 5184 w
10 R f
( what an)2 346(is a dubious way to check for specific character strings: it uses a process to do)15 3158 2 1275 5184 t
10 I f
(rc)4808 5184 w
10 R f
(\(1\) match or)2 501 1 4899 5184 t
( but wrong, because)3 813( first example is not only inefficient)6 1468( The)1 211(switch statement can do.)3 1000 4 1080 5304 t
10 I f
(test)4602 5304 w
10 R f
(understands the)1 629 1 4771 5304 t
(purported string)1 641 1 1080 5424 t
10 CW f
("\255c")1746 5424 w
10 R f
(as an option.)2 508 1 2011 5424 t
10 CW f
(if \(test $1 '=' "\255c"\) echo OK # wrong!)8 2280 1 1440 5592 t
10 R f
(A better way is)3 607 1 1080 5760 t
10 CW f
(if \(~ $1 \255c\) echo OK)5 1200 1 1440 5928 t
10 R f
(Test whether)1 518 1 1080 6096 t
10 CW f
(abc)1623 6096 w
10 R f
(is in the current directory.)4 1034 1 1828 6096 t
10 CW f
(test \255f abc \255o \255d abc)5 1260 1 1440 6264 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6432 t
10 I f
(rc)1080 6552 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1171 6552 w
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TEX)1 4206(TEX \( 1 \))3 334 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(tex, latex, slitex, bibtex, dvips, dviselect, mf)6 1766 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2871 1080 w
10 R f
(text formatting and typesetting)3 1230 1 2961 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(tex)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 I f
(first\255line)1343 1368 w
10 R f
(])1713 1368 w
10 CW f
(latex)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(file)1405 1536 w
10 R f
([.tex])1541 1536 w
10 CW f
(slitex)1080 1704 w
10 I f
(file)1465 1704 w
10 R f
([.tex])1601 1704 w
10 CW f
(dvips)1080 1872 w
10 R f
([)1405 1872 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1463 1872 t
10 R f
(])1844 1872 w
10 I f
(dvifile)1902 1872 w
10 CW f
(dviselect)1080 2040 w
10 R f
([)1645 2040 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1703 2040 w
10 CW f
(s)1768 2040 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1853 2040 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1969 2040 w
10 CW f
(i)2034 2040 w
10 I f
(infile)2119 2040 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2350 2040 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2466 2040 w
10 CW f
(o)2531 2040 w
10 I f
(outfile)2616 2040 w
10 R f
(])2897 2040 w
10 I f
(list of pages)2 484 1 2955 2040 t
10 R f
([)3464 2040 w
10 I f
(infile)3522 2040 w
10 R f
([)3753 2040 w
10 I f
(outfile)3811 2040 w
10 R f
(] ])1 91 1 4092 2040 t
10 CW f
(bibtex)1080 2208 w
10 I f
(auxname)1465 2208 w
10 CW f
(mf)1080 2376 w
10 R f
([)1225 2376 w
10 I f
(first\255line)1283 2376 w
10 R f
(])1653 2376 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2544 t
10 I f
(Tex)1080 2664 w
10 R f
(formats interspersed text and commands and outputs a)7 2172 1 1249 2664 t
10 CW f
(.dvi)3446 2664 w
10 R f
(\(`device independent'\) file.)2 1088 1 3711 2664 t
( line should begin with a \(pos\255)6 1222( That)1 234( the command line behaves as the first input line.)9 1968(An argument given on)3 896 4 1080 2832 t
( name or a)3 430(sibly truncated\) file)2 792 2 1080 2952 t
10 I f
(\\controlsequence)2331 2952 w
10 R f
(. Thus)1 279 1 3021 2952 t
10 CW f
(tex paper)1 544 1 3329 2952 t
10 R f
(processes the file)2 695 1 3902 2952 t
10 CW f
(paper.tex)4626 2952 w
10 R f
(. The)1 234 1 5166 2952 t
(base name of)2 534 1 1080 3072 t
10 CW f
(paper)1643 3072 w
10 R f
(becomes the)1 500 1 1972 3072 t
10 I f
(jobname)2501 3072 w
10 R f
( no file is named,)4 707( If)1 120(, and is used in forming output file names.)8 1720 3 2853 3072 t
(the jobname is)2 585 1 1080 3192 t
10 CW f
(texput)1691 3192 w
10 R f
( default)1 303(. The)1 231 2 2051 3192 t
10 CW f
(.tex)2611 3192 w
10 R f
( extension explic\255)2 710(extension can be overridden by specifying an)6 1813 2 2877 3192 t
(itly.)1080 3312 w
(The output is written on)4 993 1 1080 3480 t
10 I f
(jobname)2106 3480 w
10 CW f
(.dvi)2458 3480 w
10 I f
(,)2706 3480 w
10 R f
( printed using)2 568(which can be)2 542 2 2764 3480 t
10 I f
(lp)3908 3480 w
10 R f
( log of error messages goes)5 1134(\(1\). A)1 272 2 3994 3480 t
(into)1080 3600 w
10 I f
(jobname)1261 3600 w
10 CW f
(.log.)1613 3600 w
10 R f
( many Postscript fonts can be used \(see the contents of)10 2660(As well as the standard TeX fonts,)6 1660 2 1080 3768 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tex/fonts/psvf)1080 3888 w
10 R f
( file)1 162(\). The)1 268 2 2460 3888 t
10 CW f
(testfont.tex)2919 3888 w
10 R f
(\(in the standard macro directory\) will print)6 1732 1 3668 3888 t
(a table of any font.)4 751 1 1080 4008 t
(These environment variables adjust the behavior of)6 2046 1 1080 4176 t
10 I f
(tex)3151 4176 w
10 R f
(:)3275 4176 w
10 CW f
(TEXINPUTS)1080 4344 w
10 R f
(Search path for)2 617 1 1740 4344 t
10 CW f
(\\input)2386 4344 w
10 R f
(and)2775 4344 w
10 CW f
(\\openin)2948 4344 w
10 R f
( should be colon\255separated, and start with)6 1691(files. It)1 312 2 3397 4344 t
(dot. Default:)1 530 1 1740 4464 t
10 CW f
(.:/sys/lib/tex/macros)2295 4464 w
(TEXFONTS)1080 4584 w
10 R f
( Default:)1 377(Search path for font metric files.)5 1297 2 1740 4584 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tex/fonts/tfm)3439 4584 w
(TEXFORMATS)1080 4704 w
10 R f
( Default:)1 377(Search path for format files.)4 1122 2 1740 4704 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tex/macros)3264 4704 w
(TEXPOOL)1080 4824 w
10 R f
( Default:)1 377(Search path for strings.)3 926 2 1740 4824 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tex)3068 4824 w
(TEXEDIT)1080 4944 w
10 R f
(Template for the switch\255to\255editor\255on\255error option, with)5 2206 1 1740 4944 t
10 CW f
(%s)3973 4944 w
10 R f
(for the file name and)4 839 1 4120 4944 t
10 CW f
(%d)4986 4944 w
10 R f
(for the)1 266 1 5134 4944 t
( Default:)1 377(line number.)1 505 2 1740 5064 t
10 CW f
(/bin/ed %s)1 600 1 2647 5064 t
10 I f
(Latex)1080 5232 w
10 R f
(is a version of)3 611 1 1343 5232 t
10 I f
(tex)1996 5232 w
10 R f
(with a standard set of macros loaded.)6 1585 1 2154 5232 t
10 I f
(Latex)3806 5232 w
10 R f
(produces)4070 5232 w
10 I f
(file)4472 5232 w
10 CW f
(.dvi)4608 5232 w
10 R f
(and a cross\255)2 510 1 4890 5232 t
(referencing file,)1 639 1 1080 5352 t
10 I f
(file)1747 5352 w
10 CW f
(.aux)1883 5352 w
10 I f
(.)2131 5352 w
10 R f
( be necessary to run)4 800(It might)1 323 2 2209 5352 t
10 I f
(latex)3359 5352 w
10 R f
(twice, to get all of the cross\255referencing done)7 1820 1 3580 5352 t
(properly.)1080 5472 w
10 I f
(Slitex)1493 5472 w
10 R f
(is a variant of)3 546 1 1740 5472 t
10 I f
(latex)2311 5472 w
10 R f
(with fonts and commands suitable for making slides.)7 2110 1 2530 5472 t
10 I f
(Bibtex)1080 5640 w
10 R f
( processing program, often used in conjunction with)7 2158(is a bibliography)2 692 2 1370 5640 t
10 I f
(latex)4256 5640 w
10 R f
(.)4458 5640 w
10 I f
(Bibtex)4544 5640 w
10 R f
(reads the top\255)2 565 1 4835 5640 t
(level auxiliary \()2 660 1 1080 5760 t
10 CW f
(.aux)1740 5760 w
10 R f
(\) file output by)3 639 1 1980 5760 t
10 I f
(latex)2658 5760 w
10 R f
(and creates a bibliography \()4 1160 1 2890 5760 t
10 CW f
(.bbl)4050 5760 w
10 R f
(\) file to be included in the)6 1110 1 4290 5760 t
( The)1 226(LaTeX source file.)2 792 2 1080 5880 t
10 I f
(auxname)2144 5880 w
10 R f
( Each)1 271( command line should be given without an extension.)8 2311(on the)1 268 3 2550 5880 t
10 CW f
(\\cite)1080 6000 w
10 R f
( source file is looked up in bibliography files to gather together those used in the document.)16 3756(in the)1 232 2 1412 6000 t
(Then a bibliography style file is executed to write a)9 2055 1 1080 6120 t
10 CW f
(\\thebibliography)3160 6120 w
10 R f
(environment.)4145 6120 w
(The source file should have defined the bibliography \()8 2248 1 1080 6288 t
10 CW f
(.bib)3328 6288 w
10 R f
( to search with the)4 776(\) files)1 240 2 3568 6288 t
10 CW f
(\\bibliography)4620 6288 w
10 R f
( style \()2 274(command, and the bibliography)3 1277 2 1080 6408 t
10 CW f
(.bst)2631 6408 w
10 R f
(\) file to execute with the)5 978 1 2871 6408 t
10 CW f
(\\bibliographystyle)3875 6408 w
10 R f
(command.)4981 6408 w
10 I f
(Bibtex)1080 6528 w
10 R f
(searches the)1 501 1 1377 6528 t
10 CW f
(TEXINPUTS)1920 6528 w
10 R f
(path for)1 330 1 2502 6528 t
10 CW f
(.bst)2874 6528 w
10 R f
(files, and the)2 547 1 3156 6528 t
10 CW f
(BIBINPUTS)3745 6528 w
10 R f
(path for)1 330 1 4327 6528 t
10 CW f
(.bst)4699 6528 w
10 R f
(files. The)1 419 1 4981 6528 t
(LaTeX manual describes how to make bibliography files.)7 2296 1 1080 6648 t
10 I f
(Dvips)1080 6816 w
10 R f
(converts)1347 6816 w
10 CW f
(.dvi)1719 6816 w
10 R f
( is normally invoked by)4 990( It)1 121( standard output.)2 689(files to Postscript, writing the result on)6 1607 4 1993 6816 t
10 I f
(lp)1080 6936 w
10 R f
(\(1\), but if invoked separately, the following options are useful:)9 2505 1 1166 6936 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 7104 w
10 R f
(reverse pages.)1 564 1 1483 7104 t
10 CW f
(\255r0)2097 7104 w
10 R f
(means don't reverse pages \(if reversing is default\).)7 2022 1 2302 7104 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 153)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TEX)1 4206(TEX \( 1 \))3 334 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(\255T)1080 960 w
10 I f
(dev)1208 960 w
10 R f
(output device:)1 572 1 1483 960 t
10 I f
(dev)2083 960 w
10 R f
(is one of)2 350 1 2249 960 t
10 CW f
(laserwriter)2627 960 w
10 R f
(\(default for)1 454 1 3315 960 t
10 I f
(dvips)3797 960 w
10 R f
(\),)4016 960 w
10 CW f
(gnot)4102 960 w
10 R f
(,)4342 960 w
10 CW f
(fax)4396 960 w
10 R f
(, or)1 137 1 4576 960 t
10 CW f
(lino)4742 960 w
10 R f
(\(the com\255)1 389 1 5011 960 t
( The)1 206( Postscript service\).)2 787(puter center's high resolution)3 1179 3 1483 1080 t
10 CW f
(\255Tgnot)3681 1080 w
10 R f
(option should be used for prepar\255)5 1333 1 4067 1080 t
(ing output for)2 550 1 1483 1200 t
10 I f
(psi)2058 1200 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)2183 1200 w
10 CW f
(\255L)1080 1368 w
10 R f
(print paper in landscape mode.)4 1228 1 1483 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255Z)1080 1536 w
10 R f
(compress the fonts before sending them.)5 1614 1 1483 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255Z0)1080 1704 w
10 R f
(don't compress the fonts before sending them.)6 1850 1 1483 1704 t
(The following environment variables affect)4 1735 1 1080 1872 t
10 I f
(dvips)2840 1872 w
10 R f
(:)3059 1872 w
10 CW f
(TEXPKS)1080 2040 w
10 R f
(Search path for font bitmaps \(PK files\).)6 1578 1 1740 2040 t
10 CW f
(TEXVFONTS)1080 2160 w
10 R f
(Search path for virtual font descriptions.)5 1614 1 1740 2160 t
10 I f
(Dviselect)1080 2328 w
10 R f
(selects pages from a)3 860 1 1494 2328 t
10 CW f
(.dvi)2397 2328 w
10 R f
(file, creating a new)3 818 1 2680 2328 t
10 CW f
(.dvi)3541 2328 w
10 R f
(file. A)1 298 1 3824 2328 t
10 I f
(range)4165 2328 w
10 R f
(is a string of the form)5 958 1 4442 2328 t
10 I f
(first:last)1080 2448 w
10 R f
(where both)1 451 1 1450 2448 t
10 I f
(first)1931 2448 w
10 R f
(and)2123 2448 w
10 I f
(last)2297 2448 w
10 R f
( numeric strings, with negative numbers indicated by a lead\255)9 2449(are optional)1 479 2 2472 2448 t
(ing underscore character \()3 1058 1 1080 2568 t
10 CW f
(_)2138 2568 w
10 R f
( both)1 210(\). If)1 181 2 2198 2568 t
10 I f
(first)2621 2568 w
10 R f
(and)2815 2568 w
10 I f
(last)2991 2568 w
10 R f
( the colon may also be omitted, or may be)9 1748(are omitted,)1 484 2 3168 2568 t
(replaced with an asterisk \()4 1055 1 1080 2688 t
10 CW f
(*)2135 2688 w
10 R f
(\). A)1 181 1 2195 2688 t
10 I f
(TeX page selector)2 723 1 2402 2688 t
10 R f
( A)1 123(is a list of pages separated by periods.)7 1521 2 3151 2688 t
10 I f
(list of pages)2 486 1 4821 2688 t
10 R f
(is)5333 2688 w
( of page TeX page selectors, separated by commas and/or white space.)11 2839(described by a set)3 715 2 1080 2808 t
10 I f
(Dviselect)4686 2808 w
10 R f
(actually)5084 2808 w
(looks at the ten)3 650 1 1080 2928 t
10 I f
(count)1769 2928 w
10 R f
( \(\\)1 99(variables that TeX writes; the first of these)7 1803 2 2030 2928 t
10 CW f
(count0)3932 2928 w
10 R f
(\) is the page number, with)5 1108 1 4292 2928 t
(\\)1080 3048 w
10 CW f
(count1)1108 3048 w
10 R f
(through \\)1 365 1 1494 3048 t
10 CW f
(count9)1859 3048 w
10 R f
( \(Typically)1 468( are in use.)3 438(having varied uses depending on which macro packages)7 2249 3 2245 3048 t
(\\)1080 3168 w
10 CW f
(count1)1108 3168 w
10 R f
( page is included in)4 805( A)1 129( or section number.\))3 825(is a chapter)2 470 4 1501 3168 t
10 I f
(dviselect)3762 3168 w
10 R f
('s output if all its \\count values)6 1281 1 4119 3168 t
( example, the command)3 993( For)1 202( command line.)2 645(are within any one of the ranges listed on the)9 1902 4 1080 3288 t
10 CW f
(dviselect)4860 3288 w
(*.1,35:)1080 3408 w
10 R f
(might select everything in chapter 1, as well as pages 35 and up.)12 2568 1 1525 3408 t
( \\)1 59(Instead of)1 401 2 1080 3576 t
10 CW f
(count)1540 3576 w
10 R f
(values,)1871 3576 w
10 I f
(dviselect)2182 3576 w
10 R f
(can also select by absolute page number, indicated by a leading equal)11 2838 1 2562 3576 t
(sign \()1 237 1 1080 3696 t
10 CW f
(=)1317 3696 w
10 R f
( of absolute pages are also allowed:)6 1491(\). Ranges)1 414 2 1377 3696 t
10 CW f
(dviselect =3:7)1 852 1 3319 3696 t
10 R f
(will extract the third through)4 1193 1 4207 3696 t
(seventh pages.)1 582 1 1080 3816 t
10 I f
(Dvips)1080 3984 w
10 R f
( can be output using)4 857(understands some extended graphics commands that)5 2154 2 1350 3984 t
10 I f
(tpic specials)1 510 1 4399 3984 t
10 R f
(in the TeX)2 453 1 4947 3984 t
( of them work by building up a path of)9 1636(source. Many)1 579 2 1080 4104 t
10 I f
(x,y)3330 4104 w
10 R f
(pairs, and then doing something with the path.)7 1922 1 3478 4104 t
( drawing special is emitted; all)5 1259(The tpic coordinate system has its origin at the current dvi position when a)13 3061 2 1080 4224 t
(length arguments are in units of milli\255inches, and the y\255axis goes positive downward.)12 3402 1 1080 4344 t
10 CW f
(\\special{pa)1080 4512 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 1808 4512 t
10 CW f
(})1929 4512 w
10 R f
(Add)1440 4632 w
10 I f
(x,y)1637 4632 w
10 R f
(to the current path.)3 754 1 1775 4632 t
10 CW f
(\\special{fp})1080 4800 w
10 R f
(Flush the current path: draw it as a polygonal line and reset the path to be empty.)16 3232 1 1440 4920 t
10 CW f
(\\special{da)1080 5088 w
10 I f
(dlen)1808 5088 w
10 CW f
(})1988 5088 w
10 R f
(Like)1440 5208 w
10 CW f
(fp)1648 5208 w
10 R f
(but draw dashed line, with dashes)5 1348 1 1793 5208 t
10 I f
(dlen)3166 5208 w
10 R f
(milli\255inches long.)1 706 1 3363 5208 t
10 CW f
(\\special{dt)1080 5376 w
10 I f
(slen)1808 5376 w
10 CW f
(})1977 5376 w
10 R f
(Like)1440 5496 w
10 CW f
(fp)1648 5496 w
10 R f
(but draw a dotted line, with dots)6 1291 1 1793 5496 t
10 I f
(slen)3109 5496 w
10 R f
(apart.)3295 5496 w
10 CW f
(\\special{sp})1080 5664 w
10 R f
(Like)1440 5784 w
10 CW f
(fp)1648 5784 w
10 R f
( through the midpoints of the segments of the)8 1824( spline goes)2 472( The)1 205(but draw a quadratic spline.)4 1106 4 1793 5784 t
(path, and straight pieces extend it to the endpoints.)8 2026 1 1440 5904 t
10 CW f
(\\special{ar)1080 6072 w
10 I f
(x y xr yr s e)5 462 1 1808 6072 t
10 CW f
(})2278 6072 w
10 R f
( arc with center at)4 762(Draw a circular or elliptical)4 1146 2 1440 6192 t
10 I f
(x,y)3385 6192 w
10 R f
(and radii)1 364 1 3535 6192 t
10 I f
(xr)3936 6192 w
10 R f
(and)4064 6192 w
10 I f
(yr)4253 6192 w
10 R f
( arc goes clockwise)3 814(. The)1 242 2 4344 6192 t
(from angle)1 435 1 1440 6312 t
10 I f
(s)1900 6312 w
10 R f
(to angle)1 319 1 1964 6312 t
10 I f
(e)2308 6312 w
10 R f
(\(angles measured clockwise from the positive x\255axis\).)6 2154 1 2377 6312 t
10 CW f
(\\special{pn)1080 6480 w
10 I f
(n)1808 6480 w
10 CW f
(})1866 6480 w
10 R f
(Set line width \(pen diameter\) to)5 1268 1 1440 6600 t
10 I f
(n)2733 6600 w
10 R f
(milli\255inches.)2791 6600 w
10 CW f
(\\special{bk})1080 6768 w
10 R f
(Set shading to black \(will fill the next object drawn with black\).)11 2553 1 1440 6888 t
10 CW f
(\\special{sh})1080 7056 w
10 R f
(Set shading to grey.)3 794 1 1440 7176 t
( 154)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TEX)1 4206(TEX \( 1 \))3 334 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(\\special{wh})1080 960 w
10 R f
(Set shading to white.)3 839 1 1440 1080 t
10 CW f
(\\special{psfile=)1080 1248 w
10 I f
(file options)1 448 1 2048 1248 t
10 CW f
(})2504 1248 w
10 R f
(Include)1440 1368 w
10 I f
(file)1764 1368 w
10 R f
(, which should be a Postscript illustration, making its origin be the current dvi position.)14 3500 1 1900 1368 t
( Postscript transformation matrix will be in effect, but it can be modified by the)14 3480(The default)1 480 2 1440 1488 t
10 I f
(options)1440 1608 w
10 R f
(, a list of space\255separated)4 1089 1 1743 1608 t
10 I f
(key)2879 1608 w
10 R f
(=)3019 1608 w
10 I f
(value)3083 1608 w
10 R f
( keys are: hoffset, voffset,)4 1124(assignments. Allowed)1 930 2 3346 1608 t
( values are supplied to Postscript)5 1423(hscale, vscale, angle, If supplied, these)5 1664 2 1440 1728 t
10 I f
(translate)4574 1728 w
10 R f
(,)4938 1728 w
10 I f
(scale)4971 1728 w
10 R f
(, and)1 216 1 5184 1728 t
10 I f
(rotate)1448 1848 w
10 R f
( to)1 109( keys hsize and vsize may be supplied, to cause clipping)10 2294( Also,)1 269(commands, in that order.)3 1011 4 1717 1848 t
( and offsets should be specified in points, angles should be specified in degrees.)13 3187( Sizes)1 261(those sizes.)1 455 3 1440 1968 t
(All of the specials leave TeX at the same position on the page that it started in.)16 3143 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(Mf)1080 2304 w
10 R f
( is used by)3 440( It)1 116( program that produces fonts for TeX.)6 1546(runs metafont,)1 581 4 1220 2304 t
10 I f
(dvips)3933 2304 w
10 R f
(when bitmaps for a given font)5 1226 1 4174 2304 t
(at a given size do not exist.)6 1085 1 1080 2424 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2592 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tex/macros/*)1080 2712 w
10 R f
(macros and preloaded format files)4 1363 1 2700 2712 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tex/macros/doc/*)1080 2832 w
10 R f
(more TeX\255related documentation)2 1330 1 2700 2832 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tex/fonts/tfm)1080 2952 w
10 R f
(font metrics)1 480 1 2700 2952 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tex/fonts/psvf)1080 3072 w
10 R f
(PostScript virtual font metrics)3 1203 1 2700 3072 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tex/fonts/canonpk)1080 3192 w
10 R f
(bitmaps for canon engines \(300 dpi\))5 1445 1 2700 3192 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tex/fonts/linopk)1080 3312 w
10 R f
(bitmaps for Linotron \(1270 dpi\))4 1277 1 2700 3312 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tex/fonts/gnotpk)1080 3432 w
10 R f
(bitmaps for gnot screen \(100 dpi\))5 1334 1 2700 3432 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tex/*)1080 3552 w
10 R f
(miscellaneous configuration files and Postscript headers)5 2244 1 2700 3552 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3720 t
10 I f
(pic)1080 3840 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1210 3840 w
10 I f
(lp)1376 3840 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1462 3840 w
10 I f
(proof)1628 3840 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1853 3840 w
10 I f
(psi)2019 3840 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2144 3840 w
10 I f
(troff)2310 3840 w
10 R f
(\(1)2491 3840 w
(D. E. Knuth,)2 508 1 1080 3960 t
10 I f
(The TEXbook,)1 572 1 1613 3960 t
10 R f
(Addison\255Wesley, 1984)1 921 1 2210 3960 t
(L. Lamport,)1 480 1 1080 4080 t
10 I f
(LaTeX, A Document Preparation System,)4 1654 1 1585 4080 t
10 R f
(Addison\255Wesley, 1985)1 921 1 3264 4080 t
(H. Trickey, `Latex User Guide', Unix Research System Programmer's Manual, Volume 2)11 3590 1 1080 4200 t
(Various documents in)2 877 1 1080 4320 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tex/macros/doc.)1982 4320 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4488 t
10 R f
(Should be spelled)2 711 1 1080 4608 t
10 S f
(tec)1816 4608 w
10 R f
(.)1959 4608 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 155)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( THINK)1 4090(THINK \( 1 \))3 450 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(think)1080 1080 w
10 S f
(-)1311 1080 w
10 R f
(HP ThinkJet filter)2 722 1 1391 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(think)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255r)1463 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1608 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1724 1368 w
10 I f
(outfile)1869 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2150 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2266 1368 t
10 R f
(])2519 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Think)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(filters the given)2 635 1 1337 1656 t
10 I f
(files)2001 1656 w
10 R f
(\(standard input by default\) to)4 1181 1 2197 1656 t
10 I f
(outfile)3407 1656 w
10 R f
(\()3692 1656 w
10 CW f
(/dev/lpt1data)3725 1656 w
10 R f
( are)1 151( Tabs)1 249(by default\).)1 465 3 4535 1656 t
( and runes that fall outside the standard)7 1574(expanded, carriage\255returns are added after newlines,)5 2093 2 1080 1776 t
9 R f
(ASCII)4771 1776 w
10 R f
(range are)1 368 1 5032 1776 t
( The)1 205(converted to Roman\2558 codes if possible.)5 1609 2 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(\255r)2919 1896 w
10 R f
(option suppresses this conversion.)3 1366 1 3064 1896 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2064 t
10 CW f
(/dev/lpt1data)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(Centronix printer port)2 877 1 1980 2184 t
( 156)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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183 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TIME)1 4156(TIME \( 1 \))3 384 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(time)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1283 1080 w
10 R f
(time a command)2 666 1 1373 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(time)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(command)1345 1368 w
10 R f
([)1758 1368 w
10 I f
(arg ...)1 239 1 1816 1368 t
10 R f
(])2080 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
(The)1080 1656 w
10 I f
(command)1263 1656 w
10 R f
(is executed with the given arguments; after it is complete,)9 2344 1 1680 1656 t
10 I f
(time)4053 1656 w
10 R f
(reports on standard error the)4 1146 1 4254 1656 t
(program's elapsed user time, system time, and real time, in seconds, followed by the command line.)15 3995 1 1080 1776 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1944 t
10 I f
(prof)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1255 2064 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 157)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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184 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TOUCH)1 4056(TOUCH \( 1 \))3 484 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(touch)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1327 1080 w
10 R f
(set modification date of a file)5 1173 1 1417 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(touch)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255c)1463 1368 w
10 R f
(])1608 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1666 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Touch)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(attempts to set the modification time of the)7 1726 1 1356 1656 t
10 I f
(files)3108 1656 w
10 R f
( a)1 71( If)1 117(to the current time.)3 763 3 3301 1656 t
10 I f
(file)4279 1656 w
10 R f
(does not exist, it will be)5 966 1 4434 1656 t
(created unless option)2 843 1 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1948 1776 w
10 R f
(is present.)1 405 1 2093 1776 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1944 t
10 I f
(ls)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1155 2064 w
10 I f
(stat)1321 2064 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1474 2064 w
10 I f
(chmod)1640 2064 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1914 2064 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2232 t
10 I f
(Touch)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(will not touch directories.)3 1027 1 1355 2352 t
( 158)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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185 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TR)1 4272(TR \( 1 \))3 268 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(tr)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1166 1080 w
10 R f
(translate characters)1 766 1 1256 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(tr)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255cds)1283 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1548 1368 t
10 I f
(string1)1664 1368 w
10 R f
([)1973 1368 w
10 I f
(string2)2031 1368 w
10 R f
(] ])1 91 1 2340 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Tr)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( input to the standard output with substitution or deletion of selected characters.)12 3387(copies the standard)2 797 2 1216 1656 t
(Input characters found in)3 1009 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(string1)2116 1776 w
10 R f
(are mapped into the corresponding characters of)6 1934 1 2427 1776 t
10 I f
(string2)4388 1776 w
10 R f
(. When)1 315 1 4680 1776 t
10 I f
(string2)5022 1776 w
10 R f
(is)5333 1776 w
(short it is padded to the length of)7 1347 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(string1)2456 1896 w
10 R f
( combination of the options)4 1116( Any)1 226(by duplicating its last character.)4 1289 3 2769 1896 t
10 CW f
(\255cds)1080 2016 w
10 R f
(may be used:)2 527 1 1345 2016 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(Complement)1440 2184 w
10 I f
(string1)1995 2184 w
10 R f
( list of all other 8\255bit unsigned)6 1295(: replace it with a lexicographically ordered)6 1818 2 2287 2184 t
(characters.)1440 2304 w
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 2472 w
10 R f
(Delete from input all characters in)5 1366 1 1440 2472 t
10 I f
(string1)2831 2472 w
10 R f
(.)3123 2472 w
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 2640 w
10 R f
(Squeeze repeated output characters that occur in)6 1927 1 1440 2640 t
10 I f
(string2)3392 2640 w
10 R f
(to single characters.)2 795 1 3701 2640 t
(In either string a noninitial sequence)5 1491 1 1080 2808 t
10 CW f
(\255)2603 2808 w
10 I f
(x,)2671 2808 w
10 R f
(where)2772 2808 w
10 I f
(x)3047 2808 w
10 R f
( a range of)3 447(is any character \(possibly quoted\), stands for)6 1830 2 3123 2808 t
( code up through)3 677(characters: a possibly empty sequence of codes running from the successor of the previous)13 3643 2 1080 2928 t
(the code for)2 492 1 1080 3048 t
10 I f
(x.)1605 3048 w
10 R f
(The character)1 552 1 1707 3048 t
10 CW f
(\\)2292 3048 w
10 R f
( 2 or 3 octal digits stands for the character whose Unicode)11 2419(followed by 1,)2 596 2 2385 3048 t
( character sequence)2 805( The)1 218( those digits.)2 535(value is given by)3 722 4 1080 3168 t
10 CW f
(\\x)3398 3168 w
10 R f
(followed by 1, 2, 3, or 4 hexadecimal digits)8 1844 1 3556 3168 t
( A)1 124(stands for the character whose Unicode value is given by those digits.)11 2806 2 1080 3288 t
10 CW f
(\\)4037 3288 w
10 R f
(followed by any other character)4 1276 1 4124 3288 t
(stands for that character.)3 980 1 1080 3408 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 3576 t
10 R f
(Replace all upper\255case letters by lower\255case.)5 1777 1 1080 3696 t
10 CW f
(tr A\255Z a\255z <mixed >lower)4 1440 1 1440 3864 t
10 R f
(Create a list of all the words in)7 1306 1 1080 4032 t
10 CW f
(file1)2422 4032 w
10 R f
(one per line in)3 607 1 2758 4032 t
10 CW f
(file2)3401 4032 w
10 R f
(, where a word is taken to be a maximal)9 1699 1 3701 4032 t
(string of alphabetics.)2 835 1 1080 4152 t
10 I f
(String2)1965 4152 w
10 R f
(is given as a quoted newline.)5 1154 1 2285 4152 t
10 CW f
(tr \255cs A\255Za\255z ')3 900 1 1440 4320 t
(' <file1 >file2)2 900 1 1440 4440 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4608 t
10 I f
(sed)1080 4728 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1221 4728 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 159)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TROFF)1 4088(TROFF \( 1 \))3 452 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(troff, nroff)1 426 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1531 1080 w
10 R f
(text formatting and typesetting)3 1230 1 1621 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(troff)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1463 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1844 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1960 1368 t
10 R f
(])2213 1368 w
10 CW f
(nroff)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1405 1536 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1463 1536 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1844 1536 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1960 1536 t
10 R f
(])2213 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Troff)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(formats text in the named)4 1037 1 1310 1824 t
10 I f
(files)2376 1824 w
10 R f
(for printing on a typesetter.)4 1106 1 2572 1824 t
10 I f
(Nroff)3732 1824 w
10 R f
( but produces output)3 834(does the same,)2 593 2 3973 1824 t
(suitable for typewriter\255like devices.)3 1419 1 1080 1944 t
(If no)1 197 1 1080 2112 t
10 I f
(file)1308 2112 w
10 R f
( argument consisting of a single minus \()7 1651( An)1 179(argument is present, the standard input is read.)7 1910 3 1468 2112 t
10 CW f
(\255)5208 2112 w
10 R f
(\) is)1 132 1 5268 2112 t
( options, which may appear in any order so)8 1730( The)1 206( file name corresponding to the standard input.)7 1871(taken to be a)3 513 4 1080 2232 t
(long as they appear before the files, are:)7 1595 1 1080 2352 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 2520 w
10 I f
(list)1208 2520 w
10 R f
(Print pages in the comma\255separated)4 1445 1 1466 2520 t
10 I f
(list)2941 2520 w
10 R f
( range)1 251( A)1 127(of numbers and ranges.)3 946 3 3094 2520 t
10 I f
(N)4448 2520 w
10 CW f
(\255)4523 2520 w
10 I f
(M)4591 2520 w
10 R f
(means)4705 2520 w
10 I f
(N)4991 2520 w
10 R f
(through)5089 2520 w
10 I f
(M)1466 2640 w
10 R f
(; initial)1 287 1 1557 2640 t
10 CW f
(\255)1869 2640 w
10 I f
(M)1937 2640 w
10 R f
(means up to)2 483 1 2045 2640 t
10 I f
(M;)2553 2640 w
10 R f
(final)2694 2640 w
10 I f
(N)2902 2640 w
10 CW f
(\255)2977 2640 w
10 R f
(means from)1 474 1 3062 2640 t
10 I f
(N)3561 2640 w
10 R f
(to the end.)2 419 1 3653 2640 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 2808 w
10 I f
(N)1208 2808 w
10 R f
(Number first generated page)3 1138 1 1466 2808 t
10 I f
(N)2629 2808 w
10 R f
(.)2704 2808 w
10 CW f
(\255m)1080 2976 w
10 I f
(name)1208 2976 w
10 R f
(Process the macro file)3 884 1 1466 2976 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tmac/tmac.)2375 2976 w
10 I f
(name)3523 2976 w
10 R f
(before the input)2 632 1 3764 2976 t
10 I f
(files)4421 2976 w
10 R f
(.)4596 2976 w
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 3144 w
10 I f
(aN)1208 3144 w
10 R f
(Set register)1 452 1 1466 3144 t
10 I f
(a)1943 3144 w
10 R f
(\(one character name\) to)3 943 1 2018 3144 t
10 I f
(N)2986 3144 w
10 R f
(.)3061 3144 w
10 CW f
(\255i)1080 3312 w
10 R f
(Read standard input after the input files are exhausted.)8 2176 1 1466 3312 t
10 CW f
(\255q)1080 3480 w
10 R f
(Invoke the simultaneous input\255output mode of the)6 1999 1 1466 3480 t
10 CW f
(rd)3490 3480 w
10 R f
(request.)3635 3480 w
10 CW f
(\255N)1080 3648 w
10 R f
(Produce output suitable for typewriter\255like devices.)5 2052 1 1466 3648 t
( t)1 2( no ot)2 82( \(n)1 52( \()1 76( s)1 2( ce es)2 87( ic)1 46( vi)1 30( ev)1 52( de)1 46( d)1 93( r)1 2( er)1 35( tt te)2 76( et)1 30( se)1 46( es)1 41( yp pe)2 98(T Ty)1 113 19 870 3816 t
10 CW f
(\255N)1922 3816 w
10 R f
( y)1 2( ly)1 52( on nl)2 82( o)1 93(\) \))1 35 5 2042 3816 t
10 CW f
(\255a)1080 3936 w
10 R f
(Send a printable textual approximation of the results to the standard output.)11 3014 1 1466 3936 t
10 CW f
(\255T)1080 4104 w
10 I f
(dest)1208 4104 w
10 R f
(Prepare output for typesetter)3 1139 1 1466 4104 t
10 I f
(dest)2630 4104 w
10 R f
(:)2799 4104 w
10 CW f
(\255TLatin1)1466 4224 w
10 R f
( The)1 206( 8859\2551 Latin\2551 and other characters.)5 1484(\(The default.\) PostScript printers with ISO)5 1704 3 2006 4224 t
(name is a holdover; in fact the output is Unicode characters encoded in)12 2833 1 2006 4344 t
9 R f
(UTF.)4862 4344 w
10 CW f
(\255Tpost)1466 4464 w
10 R f
(PostScript printers)1 742 1 2006 4464 t
10 CW f
(\255T202)1466 4584 w
10 R f
(Mergenthaler Linotron 202)2 1087 1 2006 4584 t
10 CW f
(\255F)1080 4752 w
10 I f
(dir)1208 4752 w
10 R f
(Take font information from directory)4 1486 1 1441 4752 t
10 I f
(dir.)2952 4752 w
10 R f
( \()1 2( \()1 76( r)1 2( er)1 35( it te)2 76( ri)1 30( wr)1 35( ew)1 74( yp pe)2 98(T Ty)1 113 10 870 4920 t
10 CW f
(\255N)1411 4920 w
10 R f
( y)1 2( ly)1 52( on nl)2 82( o)1 93( t)1 2( pu ut)2 82( tp)1 52( ou ut)2 82( o)1 93(\) \))1 35 10 1531 4920 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 5040 w
10 I f
(N)1208 5040 w
10 R f
(Halt prior to every)3 740 1 1466 5040 t
10 I f
(N)2231 5040 w
10 R f
(pages \(default)1 562 1 2323 5040 t
10 I f
(N)2910 5040 w
10 R f
(=1\) to allow paper loading or changing.)6 1584 1 2985 5040 t
10 CW f
(\255T)1080 5208 w
10 I f
(name)1208 5208 w
10 R f
( Known)1 376(Prepare output for specified terminal.)4 1622 2 1466 5208 t
10 I f
(names)3521 5208 w
10 R f
(include)3833 5208 w
10 CW f
(utf)4184 5208 w
10 R f
( Plan 9)2 344(for the normal)2 635 2 4421 5208 t
(Unicode/)1466 5328 w
8 R f
(UTF)1832 5328 w
10 R f
(character set \(default\),)2 899 1 2012 5328 t
10 CW f
(37)2939 5328 w
10 R f
(for the Teletype model 37,)4 1074 1 3087 5328 t
10 CW f
(lp)4189 5328 w
10 R f
(\(`line\255printer'\) for any ter\255)3 1063 1 4337 5328 t
(minal without half\255line capability,)3 1429 1 1466 5448 t
10 CW f
(450)2941 5448 w
10 R f
(for the)1 285 1 3167 5448 t
9 R f
(DASI)3499 5448 w
10 R f
(\255450 \(Diablo Hyterm\), and)3 1136 1 3709 5448 t
10 CW f
(think)4892 5448 w
10 R f
(\(HP)5239 5448 w
(ThinkJet\).)1466 5568 w
10 CW f
(\255e)1080 5736 w
10 R f
(Produce equally\255spaced words in adjusted lines, using full terminal resolution.)9 3133 1 1466 5736 t
10 CW f
(\255h)1080 5904 w
10 R f
( Tab)1 207( spacing to speed output and reduce output character count.)9 2385(Use output tabs during horizontal)4 1342 3 1466 5904 t
(settings are assumed to be every 8 nominal character widths.)9 2423 1 1466 6024 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 6192 t
10 CW f
(/tmp/trtmp*)1080 6312 w
10 R f
(temporary file)1 568 1 2460 6312 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tmac/tmac.*)1080 6432 w
10 R f
(standard macro files)2 809 1 2460 6432 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/troff/term/*)1080 6552 w
10 R f
(terminal driving tables for)3 1046 1 2460 6552 t
10 I f
(nroff)3531 6552 w
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/troff/font/*)1080 6672 w
10 R f
(font width tables for)3 813 1 2460 6672 t
10 I f
(troff)3298 6672 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6840 t
10 I f
(lp)1080 6960 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1166 6960 w
10 I f
(proof)1332 6960 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1557 6960 w
10 I f
(eqn)1723 6960 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1875 6960 w
10 I f
(tbl)2041 6960 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2155 6960 w
10 I f
(pic)2321 6960 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2451 6960 w
10 I f
(grap)2617 6960 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2814 6960 w
10 I f
(doctype)2980 6960 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)3298 6960 w
10 I f
(ms)3464 6960 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)3583 6960 w
10 I f
(mpm)3749 6960 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)3951 6960 w
10 I f
(bitmap)4117 6960 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)4403 6960 w
10 I f
(tex)4569 6960 w
10 R f
(\(1\))4693 6960 w
( W. Kernighan, `Nroff/Troff User's Manual', Unix Research System Programmer's)9 3453(J. F. Ossanna and B.)4 867 2 1080 7080 t
(Manual, Volume 2)2 752 1 1080 7200 t
( 160)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TROFF)1 4088(TROFF \( 1 \))3 452 3 720 480 t
(B. W. Kernighan, `A TROFF Tutorial',)5 1579 1 1080 960 t
10 I f
(ibid.)2684 960 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 161)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TWEAK)1 4040(TWEAK \( 1 \))3 500 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(tweak)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1343 1080 w
10 R f
(edit bitmap files, subfont files, face files, etc.)7 1800 1 1433 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(tweak)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1463 1368 t
10 R f
(])1716 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Tweak)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( create original images, use)4 1089( To)1 161(edits existing files holding various forms of bitmap images.)8 2380 3 1366 1656 t
10 I f
(art)5021 1656 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)5146 1656 w
10 I f
(Tweak)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(reads its argument)2 738 1 1369 1824 t
10 I f
(files)2135 1824 w
10 R f
( the bitmap is too)4 711( If)1 120(and displays the resulting bitmaps in a vertical column.)8 2239 3 2330 1824 t
(wide to fit across the display, it is folded much like a long line of text in an)17 3100 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(8\275)4211 1944 w
10 R f
( each bit\255)2 381(window. Under)1 652 2 4367 1944 t
( first line shows the)4 843( The)1 220( the image.)2 471(map is displayed one or two lines of text presenting parameters of)11 2786 4 1080 2064 t
(bitmap's)1080 2184 w
10 CW f
(ldepth)1464 2184 w
10 R f
( number of bits per pixel;)5 1053(, the log base 2 of the)6 911 2 1824 2184 t
10 CW f
(r)3821 2184 w
10 R f
(, the rectangle covered by the image;)6 1519 1 3881 2184 t
(and the name of the)4 787 1 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(file)1892 2304 w
10 R f
( the file is a subfont, a second line presents a hexadec\255)11 2178( If)1 117( it was read.)3 485(from which)1 463 4 2157 2304 t
(imal Unicode)1 545 1 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(offset)1654 2424 w
10 R f
( values from the subfont \(typically as stored in a font file;)11 2333(to be applied to character)4 1024 2 2043 2424 t
(see)1080 2544 w
10 I f
(font)1232 2544 w
10 R f
(\(6\)\); and the subfont's)3 890 1 1396 2544 t
10 CW f
(n)2311 2544 w
10 R f
(,)2371 2544 w
10 CW f
(height)2421 2544 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 2781 2544 t
10 CW f
(ascent)3000 2544 w
10 R f
(as defined in)2 510 1 3385 2544 t
10 I f
(cachechars)3920 2544 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)4382 2544 w
( text associ\255)2 483( The)1 208( magnified views of portions of the bitmaps may be displayed.)10 2525(By means described below,)3 1104 4 1080 2712 t
(ated with such a view includes)5 1243 1 1080 2832 t
10 CW f
(mag)2352 2832 w
10 R f
( from a subfont,)3 647( the view is of a single character)7 1316( If)1 120(, the magnification.)2 785 4 2532 2832 t
( and as a)3 361(the second line of text shows the character's value \(including the subfont's offset\) in hexadecimal)14 3959 2 1080 2952 t
(character in)1 489 1 1080 3072 t
10 I f
(tweak's)1616 3072 w
10 R f
(default font; the character's)3 1165 1 1968 3072 t
10 CW f
(x)3180 3072 w
10 R f
(,)3240 3072 w
10 CW f
(top)3312 3072 w
10 R f
(,)3492 3072 w
10 CW f
(bottom)3564 3072 w
10 R f
(,)3924 3072 w
10 CW f
(left)3996 3072 w
10 R f
(, and)1 216 1 4236 3072 t
10 CW f
(width)4499 3072 w
10 R f
(as defined in)2 554 1 4846 3072 t
10 I f
(cachechars)1080 3192 w
10 R f
(\(2\); and)1 313 1 1542 3192 t
10 CW f
(iwidth)1880 3192 w
10 R f
(, the physical width of the image in the subfont's bitmap.)10 2282 1 2240 3192 t
( first is to click mouse)5 891( The)1 206( of a character from a subfont.)6 1210(There are two methods to obtain a magnified view)8 2013 4 1080 3360 t
( second is to select the)5 911( The)1 208(button 1 over the image of the character in the subfont.)10 2233 3 1080 3480 t
10 CW f
(char)4460 3480 w
10 R f
(entry on the but\255)3 672 1 4728 3480 t
( and then type at)4 692(ton 3 menu, point the resulting gunsight cursor at the desired subfont and click button 3,)15 3628 2 1080 3600 t
( value, either as a multi\255digit hexadecimal number)7 2036(the text prompt at the bottom of the screen the character)10 2284 2 1080 3720 t
(or as a single rune representing the character.)7 1805 1 1080 3840 t
( cursor)1 283( The)1 213(To magnify a portion of other types of bitmap files, click button 1 over the unmagnified file.)16 3824 3 1080 4008 t
( with button 1, sweep a rectangle, as in)8 1657( Still)1 231(will switch to a cross.)4 921 3 1080 4128 t
10 CW f
(8\275)3927 4128 w
10 R f
( the portion of the)4 764(, that encloses)2 589 2 4047 4128 t
(image to be magnified.)3 921 1 1080 4248 t
( default, button 1 sets)4 862( By)1 168(Depressing buttons 1 and 2 change within magnified images changes pixel values.)11 3290 3 1080 4416 t
(the pixel to all ones and button 2 sets the pixel to all zeros.)13 2343 1 1080 4536 t
( values, as well as many of the)7 1241( These)1 291( top of the screen is a textual display of global parameters.)11 2362(Across the)1 426 4 1080 4704 t
( 1 on the displayed value and)6 1213(textual values associated with the images, may be edited by clicking button)11 3107 2 1080 4824 t
( values along the top of the screen are:)8 1535( The)1 205(typing a new value.)3 782 3 1080 4944 t
10 CW f
(mag)1080 5112 w
10 R f
(Default magnification.)1 904 1 1440 5112 t
10 CW f
(val\(hex\))1080 5280 w
10 R f
( value must be in hexadecimal,)5 1307( The)1 219( images.)1 347(The value used to modify pixels within magnified)7 2087 4 1440 5400 t
(optionally preceded by a tilde for bitwise negation.)7 2036 1 1440 5520 t
10 CW f
(but1)1080 5688 w
(but2)1080 5856 w
10 R f
( function may be specified)4 1067( The)1 207(The boolean function used by the named button to set pixel values.)11 2686 3 1440 5856 t
(either by name as defined in)5 1148 1 1440 5976 t
10 CW f
(<libg.h>)2617 5976 w
10 R f
(, e.g.)1 197 1 3097 5976 t
10 CW f
(DorS)3347 5976 w
10 R f
(, or by simple boolean expression, e.g.)6 1555 1 3587 5976 t
10 CW f
(S|D)5195 5976 w
10 R f
(.)5375 5976 w
(In these expressions,)2 829 1 1440 6096 t
10 CW f
(S)2294 6096 w
10 R f
(is the pixel value defined above and)6 1436 1 2379 6096 t
10 CW f
(D)3840 6096 w
10 R f
(is the pixel being modified.)4 1097 1 3925 6096 t
10 CW f
(copy)1080 6264 w
10 R f
(The boolean function used in the)5 1312 1 1440 6264 t
10 CW f
(copy)2777 6264 w
10 R f
(menu item.)1 450 1 3042 6264 t
( these functions prompt for the image)6 1564( of)1 118( Many)1 293(Under button 3 is a menu holding a variety of functions.)10 2345 4 1080 6432 t
( a different)2 449(upon which to act by switching to a gunsight cursor; click button 3 over the selection, or click)17 3871 2 1080 6552 t
(button to cancel the action.)4 1079 1 1080 6672 t
10 CW f
(open)1080 6840 w
10 R f
( name of the file is typed to the prompt on the bottom line.)13 2338( The)1 205(Read and display a file.)4 940 3 1440 6840 t
10 CW f
(read)1080 7008 w
10 R f
(Reread a file.)2 534 1 1440 7008 t
10 CW f
(write)1080 7176 w
10 R f
(Write a file.)2 479 1 1440 7176 t
( 162)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TWEAK)1 4040(TWEAK \( 1 \))3 500 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(copy)1080 960 w
10 R f
( copy function, default)3 916(Use the)1 305 2 1440 960 t
10 CW f
(S)2690 960 w
10 R f
( The)1 209(, to transfer a rectangle of pixels from one image to another.)11 2441 2 2750 960 t
( one image or just click button 3 to)8 1426(program prompts with a cross cursor; sweep out a rectangle in)10 2534 2 1440 1080 t
( program will leave that rectangle in place and attach another one to)12 2794( The)1 211(select the whole image.)3 955 3 1440 1200 t
( or another)2 448( that rectangle to the desired place in any image and click button 3,)13 2790( Move)1 292(the cursor.)1 430 4 1440 1320 t
(button to cancel the action.)4 1079 1 1440 1440 t
10 CW f
(char)1080 1608 w
10 R f
(As described above, open a magnified view of a character image in a subfont.)13 3100 1 1440 1608 t
10 CW f
(close)1080 1776 w
10 R f
( the unmagnified file, also close any magnified views of)9 2268( the image is)3 514( If)1 118(Close the specified image.)3 1060 4 1440 1776 t
(that file.)1 333 1 1440 1896 t
10 CW f
(exit)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(Quit)1440 2064 w
10 I f
(tweak.)1643 2064 w
10 R f
(The program will complain once about modified but unwritten files.)9 2725 1 1926 2064 t
(To clear blocks of pixels, use)5 1170 1 1080 2232 t
10 CW f
(copy)2275 2232 w
10 R f
(with function)1 536 1 2540 2232 t
10 CW f
(0)3101 2232 w
10 R f
(.)3161 2232 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2400 t
10 I f
(art)1080 2520 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1205 2520 w
10 I f
(bitmap)1371 2520 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1657 2520 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 163)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( TWIG)1 4140(TWIG \( 1 \))3 400 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(twig)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1283 1080 w
10 R f
(tree\255manipulation language)1 1095 1 1373 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(twig)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255sASC)1403 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1728 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255w)1844 1368 w
10 I f
(suffix)1997 1368 w
10 R f
(])2239 1368 w
10 I f
(file.mt)2297 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Twig)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( associated costs into C)4 989(converts a tree\255specification scheme consisting of pattern\255action rules with)8 3092 2 1319 1656 t
( C functions first find a minimum\255cost covering)7 1941( The)1 209( manipulate input trees.)3 950(functions that can be called to)5 1220 4 1080 1776 t
( associated with the)3 809(of an input tree using a dynamic programming algorithm and then execute the actions)13 3511 2 1080 1896 t
( tree\255specification scheme may allow several coverings for an input tree,)10 2925( The)1 208( the covering.)2 552(patterns used in)2 635 4 1080 2016 t
(but the dynamic programming algorithm resolves any ambiguities by selecting a cheapest covering.)12 3981 1 1080 2136 t
(The input file containing the tree\255specification scheme must have the suffix)10 3067 1 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(.mt)4177 2304 w
10 R f
(.)4357 2304 w
10 I f
(Twig)4437 2304 w
10 R f
( out\255)1 192(produces two)1 540 2 4668 2304 t
(put files:)1 363 1 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(walker.c)1478 2424 w
10 R f
( file for the tree matcher, and)6 1214(, which becomes the source)4 1140 2 1958 2424 t
10 CW f
(symbols.h)4346 2424 w
10 R f
(, which con\255)2 514 1 4886 2424 t
(tains the definitions for the node and label symbols used in the source file.)13 2969 1 1080 2544 t
(To build)1 347 1 1080 2712 t
10 CW f
(walker.c)1457 2712 w
10 R f
(,)1937 2712 w
10 I f
(twig)1993 2712 w
10 R f
(uses an internal template file, by default on appropriate for use with)11 2772 1 2197 2712 t
10 I f
(fprintf)5000 2712 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)5259 2712 w
(The options are)2 621 1 1080 2832 t
10 CW f
(\255A)1080 3000 w
10 R f
(Use a template file for ANSI/POSIX source files.)7 1974 1 1597 3000 t
10 CW f
(\255C)1080 3168 w
10 R f
(Use a template file for files that use libc's)8 1669 1 1597 3168 t
10 I f
(print)3291 3168 w
10 R f
(\(2\) routines.)1 488 1 3494 3168 t
10 CW f
(\255S)1080 3336 w
10 R f
(Use a template file for files that use)7 1422 1 1597 3336 t
10 I f
(fprintf)3044 3336 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)3303 3336 w
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 3504 w
10 R f
(Do not produce a)3 690 1 1597 3504 t
10 CW f
(symbols.h)2312 3504 w
10 R f
(file.)2877 3504 w
10 CW f
(\255w)1080 3672 w
10 I f
(suffix)1233 3672 w
10 R f
(Use the template file)3 829 1 1597 3672 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/twig/walker.)2451 3672 w
10 I f
(suffix.)3719 3672 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3840 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/twig)1080 3960 w
10 R f
(System area for template files.)4 1217 1 1980 3960 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4128 t
10 I f
(yacc)1080 4248 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1270 4248 w
(S. W. K. Tjiang,)3 676 1 1080 4368 t
10 I f
(The Twig Reference Manual,)3 1178 1 1787 4368 t
10 R f
(Computing Science Technical Report No. 120, AT&T Bell)7 2404 1 2996 4368 t
(Laboratories, Murray Hill, N.J.)3 1245 1 1080 4488 t
( K. Tjiang,)2 481(A. V. Aho, M. Ganapathi, and S. W.)7 1620 2 1080 4608 t
10 I f
(Code generation using tree matching and dynamic)6 2170 1 3230 4608 t
(programming.)1080 4728 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4896 t
10 R f
(When tree matching fails, the debugging output is cryptic.)8 2325 1 1080 5016 t
( 164)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( UNIQ)1 4151(UNIQ \( 1 \))3 389 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(uniq)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1283 1080 w
10 R f
(report repeated lines in a file)5 1144 1 1373 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(uniq)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255udc)1403 1368 w
10 R f
([)1668 1368 w
10 CW f
(+\255)1726 1368 w
10 I f
(num)1854 1368 w
10 R f
(] ] [)2 149 1 2051 1368 t
10 I f
(file)2225 1368 w
10 R f
(])2378 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Uniq)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(copies the input)2 655 1 1316 1656 t
10 I f
(file,)2007 1656 w
10 R f
( the)1 159( In)1 144(or the standard input, to the standard output comparing adjacent lines.)10 2901 3 2196 1656 t
( lines must be adja\255)4 781( Repeated)1 422( repeated lines are removed.)4 1125(normal case, the second and succeeding copies of)7 1992 4 1080 1776 t
(cent in order to be found.)5 1009 1 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(\255u)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(Print unique lines.)2 731 1 1440 2064 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(Print \(one copy of\) duplicated lines.)5 1437 1 1440 2232 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 2400 w
10 R f
( Implies)1 350(Prefix a repetition count and a tab to each output line.)10 2144 2 1440 2400 t
10 CW f
(\255u)3959 2400 w
10 R f
(and)4104 2400 w
10 CW f
(\255d)4273 2400 w
10 R f
(.)4393 2400 w
10 CW f
(\255)1080 2568 w
10 I f
(num)1148 2568 w
10 R f
(The first)1 341 1 1440 2568 t
10 I f
(num)1806 2568 w
10 R f
( a string)2 324( field is defined as)4 732( A)1 122(fields together with any blanks before each are ignored.)8 2219 4 2003 2568 t
(of non\255space, non\255tab characters separated by tabs and spaces from its neighbors.)11 3244 1 1440 2688 t
10 CW f
(+)1080 2856 w
10 I f
(num)1148 2856 w
10 R f
(The first)1 341 1 1440 2856 t
10 I f
(num)1806 2856 w
10 R f
( are skipped before characters.)4 1214( Fields)1 295(characters are ignored.)2 904 3 2003 2856 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3024 t
10 I f
(sort)1080 3144 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1244 3144 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3312 t
10 R f
(Field\255selection and comparison should be compatible with)6 2337 1 1080 3432 t
10 I f
(sort)3442 3432 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)3606 3432 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 165)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( UNITS)1 4106(UNITS \( 1 \))3 434 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(units)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1300 1080 w
10 R f
(conversion program)1 801 1 1390 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(units)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 I f
(file)1463 1368 w
10 R f
(])1616 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Units)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( works)1 274( It)1 116( to their equivalents in other scales.)6 1442(converts quantities expressed in various standard scales)6 2242 4 1326 1656 t
(interactively in this fashion:)3 1119 1 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(you have: inch)2 840 1 1440 1944 t
(you want: cm)2 720 1 1440 2064 t
(* 2.54)1 360 1 1680 2184 t
(/ 0.393701)1 600 1 1680 2304 t
10 R f
( multiplier.)1 446(A quantity is specified as a multiplicative combination of units optionally preceded by a numeric)14 3874 2 1080 2472 t
(Powers are indicated by suffixed positive integers, division by the usual sign:)11 3092 1 1080 2592 t
10 CW f
(you have: 15 pounds force/in2)4 1740 1 1440 2760 t
(you want: atm)2 780 1 1440 2880 t
(* 1.02069)1 540 1 1680 3000 t
(/ .97973)1 480 1 1680 3120 t
10 R f
( units, abbreviations, and metric prefixes are recognized, together with a generous)11 3402(Most familiar)1 558 2 1440 3240 t
(leavening of exotica and a few constants of nature including:)9 2431 1 1440 3360 t
10 CW f
(pi)1440 3528 w
10 R f
(ratio of circumference to diameter)4 1362 1 1920 3528 t
10 CW f
(c)1440 3648 w
10 R f
(speed of light)2 544 1 1920 3648 t
10 CW f
(e)1440 3768 w
10 R f
(charge on an electron)3 855 1 1920 3768 t
10 CW f
(g)1440 3888 w
10 R f
(acceleration of gravity)2 897 1 1920 3888 t
10 CW f
(force)1440 4008 w
10 R f
(same as)1 313 1 1920 4008 t
10 CW f
(g)2258 4008 w
(mole)1440 4128 w
10 R f
(Avogadro's number)1 801 1 1920 4128 t
10 CW f
(water)1440 4248 w
10 R f
(pressure head per unit height of water)6 1507 1 1920 4248 t
10 CW f
(au)1440 4368 w
10 R f
(astronomical unit)1 697 1 1920 4368 t
(The)1080 4536 w
10 CW f
(pound)1260 4536 w
10 R f
( names are run together, e.g.)5 1135( Compound)1 496( of mass.)2 360(is a unit)2 317 4 1585 4536 t
10 CW f
(lightyear)3944 4536 w
10 R f
( units that dif\255)3 567(. British)1 349 2 4484 4536 t
(fer from their US counterparts are prefixed thus:)7 2071 1 1080 4656 t
10 CW f
(brgallon)3195 4656 w
10 R f
( is denoted)2 471(. Currency)1 465 2 3675 4656 t
10 CW f
(belgiumfranc)4655 4656 w
10 R f
(,)5375 4656 w
10 CW f
(britainpound)1080 4776 w
10 R f
(, etc.)1 191 1 1800 4776 t
(The complete list of units can be found in)8 1737 1 1080 4944 t
10 CW f
(/lib/units)2852 4944 w
10 R f
(. A)1 157 1 3452 4944 t
10 I f
(file)3644 4944 w
10 R f
(argument to)1 490 1 3807 4944 t
10 I f
(units)4332 4944 w
10 R f
(specifies a file to be)4 838 1 4562 4944 t
(used instead of)2 599 1 1080 5064 t
10 CW f
(/lib/units.)1704 5064 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 5232 t
10 CW f
(/lib/units)1080 5352 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5520 t
10 R f
(Since)1080 5640 w
10 I f
(units)1332 5640 w
10 R f
( multiplicative scale changes, it can convert Kelvin to Rankine but not Centigrade to)13 3452(does only)1 391 2 1557 5640 t
(Fahrenheit.)1080 5760 w
(Currency conversions are only as accurate as the last time someone updated)11 3029 1 1080 5880 t
10 CW f
(/lib/units)4134 5880 w
10 R f
(.)4734 5880 w
( 166)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( VI)1 4295(VI \( 1 \))3 245 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(vi, ki)1 206 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1311 1080 w
10 R f
(instruction simulators)1 870 1 1401 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(vi)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 I f
(textfile)1283 1368 w
10 R f
(])1580 1368 w
10 CW f
(vi)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(pid)1225 1488 w
10 CW f
(ki)1080 1608 w
10 R f
([)1225 1608 w
10 I f
(textfile)1283 1608 w
10 R f
(])1580 1608 w
10 CW f
(ki)1080 1728 w
10 I f
(pid)1225 1728 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1896 t
10 I f
(Vi)1080 2016 w
10 R f
( has two main uses: as a debugger)7 1384( It)1 115(simulates the execution of a MIPS binary in a Plan 9 environment.)11 2703 3 1198 2016 t
( running under)2 628( Programs)1 453( statistics gatherer.)2 786(and as a)2 363 4 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(vi)3355 2136 w
10 R f
(execute about two hundred times slower than)6 1928 1 3472 2136 t
(normal)1080 2256 w
10 S1 f
(\320)1363 2256 w
10 R f
(but faster than single stepping under)5 1496 1 1463 2256 t
10 I f
(db. Ki)1 254 1 2993 2256 t
10 R f
(is similar to)2 493 1 3281 2256 t
10 I f
(vi)3809 2256 w
10 R f
( The)1 215(but interprets SPARC binaries.)3 1269 2 3916 2256 t
(following discussion refers to)3 1185 1 1080 2376 t
10 I f
(vi)2290 2376 w
10 R f
(but applies to)2 539 1 2387 2376 t
10 I f
(ki)2951 2376 w
10 R f
(as well.)1 305 1 3048 2376 t
10 I f
(Vi)1080 2544 w
10 R f
(will simulate the execution of a named)6 1566 1 1197 2544 t
10 I f
(textfile.)2791 2544 w
10 R f
( copy of an existing process with pro\255)7 1534(It will also make a)4 750 2 3116 2544 t
(cess id)1 269 1 1080 2664 t
10 I f
(pid)1374 2664 w
10 R f
(and simulate its continuation.)3 1178 1 1527 2664 t
(As a debugger)2 592 1 1080 2832 t
10 I f
(vi)1705 2832 w
10 R f
( complete information than)3 1112(offers more)1 470 2 1810 2832 t
10 I f
(db)3426 2832 w
10 R f
( can be performed at the level of)7 1356(\(1\). Tracing)1 510 2 3534 2832 t
(instructions, system calls, or function calls.)5 1742 1 1080 2952 t
10 I f
(Vi)2875 2952 w
10 R f
( be triggered when specified addresses)5 1547(allows breakpoints to)2 861 2 2992 2952 t
( is produced for)3 665( report of instruction counts, load delay fills and distribution)9 2509( A)1 133(in memory are accessed.)3 1013 4 1080 3072 t
(each run.)1 365 1 1080 3192 t
10 I f
(Vi)1495 3192 w
10 R f
(simulates the CPU's caches and MMU to assist the optimization of compilers and programs.)13 3697 1 1609 3192 t
(The command interface mirrors the interface to)6 1919 1 1080 3360 t
10 I f
(db)3029 3360 w
10 R f
(; see)1 185 1 3137 3360 t
10 I f
(db)3352 3360 w
10 R f
( formats and)2 511( Data)1 244(\(1\) for a detailed description.)4 1185 3 3460 3360 t
(addressing are compatible with)3 1254 1 1080 3480 t
10 I f
(db)2362 3480 w
10 R f
(except for disassembly:)2 949 1 2490 3480 t
10 I f
(vi)3467 3480 w
10 R f
(offers only MIPS \()3 761 1 3567 3480 t
10 CW f
(db \255mmipsco)1 628 1 4328 3480 t
10 R f
(\) mnemon\255)1 444 1 4956 3480 t
(ics for machine instructions.)3 1132 1 1080 3600 t
10 I f
(Ki)2262 3600 w
10 R f
(offers both Plan 9 and Sun SPARC formats.)7 1761 1 2382 3600 t
(Several extra commands allow extended tracing and printing of statistics:)9 2932 1 1080 3768 t
10 CW f
($t)1080 3936 w
10 R f
([)1200 3936 w
10 CW f
(0ics)1233 3936 w
10 R f
(])1473 3936 w
(The)1440 4056 w
10 I f
(t)1620 4056 w
10 R f
(command controls tracing. Zero cancels all tracing options.)7 2371 1 1673 4056 t
10 CW f
(i)1800 4224 w
10 R f
(Enable instruction tracing)2 1032 1 1885 4224 t
10 CW f
(c)1800 4392 w
10 R f
(Enable call tracing)2 748 1 1885 4392 t
10 CW f
(s)1800 4560 w
10 R f
(Enable system call tracing)3 1051 1 1885 4560 t
10 CW f
($i)1080 4728 w
10 R f
([)1200 4728 w
10 CW f
(itsp)1233 4728 w
10 R f
(])1473 4728 w
(The)1440 4848 w
10 CW f
(i)1620 4848 w
10 R f
(command prints statistics accumulated by all code run in this session.)10 2779 1 1705 4848 t
10 CW f
(i)1800 5016 w
10 R f
(Print instruction counts and frequency.)4 1551 1 1885 5016 t
10 CW f
(p)1800 5184 w
10 R f
(Print cycle profile.)2 746 1 1885 5184 t
10 CW f
(t)1800 5352 w
10 R f
(\()1885 5352 w
10 I f
(Vi)1926 5352 w
10 R f
(only\) Print TLB and cache statistics.)5 1460 1 2040 5352 t
10 CW f
(s)1800 5520 w
10 R f
(Print memory reference, working set and size statistics.)7 2210 1 1885 5520 t
10 CW f
(:b)1080 5688 w
10 R f
([)1200 5688 w
10 CW f
(arwe)1233 5688 w
10 R f
(])1473 5688 w
10 I f
(Vi)1440 5808 w
10 R f
( breakpoints monitor when a loca\255)5 1387( These)1 292( be set on any memory location.)6 1303(allows breakpoints to)2 861 4 1557 5808 t
( equality the compared value is the)6 1452( For)1 199(tion is accessed, read, written, or equals a certain value.)9 2309 3 1440 5928 t
10 I f
(count)1440 6048 w
10 R f
(\(see)1687 6048 w
10 I f
(db)1872 6048 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\) supplied to the command.)4 1207 1 1980 6048 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6216 t
10 I f
(nm)1080 6336 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1210 6336 w
10 I f
(db)1376 6336 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1484 6336 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6504 t
10 R f
(The code generated by)3 905 1 1080 6624 t
10 CW f
(vc)2010 6624 w
10 R f
(and)2155 6624 w
10 CW f
(kc)2324 6624 w
10 R f
(are well supported, but some unusual instructions are unimplemented.)8 2797 1 2469 6624 t
(Some Plan 9 system calls such as)6 1345 1 1080 6744 t
10 I f
(fork)2452 6744 w
10 R f
( floating point simulation makes assump\255)5 1668( The)1 208( traps.)1 247(cause simulated)1 637 4 2640 6744 t
( support. The floating point conversions performed by vi)8 2307(tions about the underlying machine floating point)6 2013 2 1080 6864 t
(may cause a loss of precision.)5 1192 1 1080 6984 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 167)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( WC)1 4239(WC \( 1 \))3 301 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(wc)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1221 1080 w
10 R f
(word count)1 452 1 1311 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(wc)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255lwrbc)1283 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1668 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1784 1368 t
10 R f
(])2037 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Wc)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( runes, syntactically\255invalid)2 1117(counts lines, words,)2 802 2 1236 1656 t
9 R f
(UTF)3183 1656 w
10 R f
(codes and bytes in the named)5 1198 1 3383 1656 t
10 I f
(files,)4611 1656 w
10 R f
(or in the stan\255)3 567 1 4833 1656 t
( word is a maximal string of characters delimited by spaces, tabs or new\255)13 2976( A)1 127( no file is named.)4 711(dard input if)2 506 4 1080 1776 t
( count of runes includes invalid codes.)6 1534(lines. The)1 419 2 1080 1896 t
( \(lines, words, runes, broken)4 1198(If the optional argument is present, just the specified counts)9 2521 2 1080 2064 t
9 R f
(UTF)4838 2064 w
10 R f
(codes or)1 351 1 5049 2064 t
(bytes\) are selected by the letters)5 1277 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(l)2382 2184 w
10 R f
(,)2442 2184 w
10 CW f
(w)2492 2184 w
10 R f
(,)2552 2184 w
10 CW f
(r)2602 2184 w
10 R f
(,)2662 2184 w
10 CW f
(b)2712 2184 w
10 R f
(, or)1 133 1 2772 2184 t
10 CW f
(c)2930 2184 w
10 R f
( lines, words and bytes \()5 971(. Otherwise,)1 510 2 2990 2184 t
10 CW f
(\255lwc)4471 2184 w
10 R f
(\) are reported.)2 561 1 4711 2184 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2352 t
10 R f
(Unicode has many blank characters scattered through it, but)8 2456 1 1080 2472 t
10 I f
(wc)3569 2472 w
10 R f
(looks for only)2 577 1 3713 2472 t
9 R f
(ASCII)4321 2472 w
10 R f
( new\255)1 233(space, tab and)2 578 2 4589 2472 t
(line.)1080 2592 w
10 I f
(Wc)1080 2712 w
10 R f
(should have options to count suboptimal utf codes and bytes that cannot occur in any utf code.)16 3771 1 1232 2712 t
( 168)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( WHO)1 4162(WHO \( 1 \))3 378 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(who, whois)1 461 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1566 1080 w
10 R f
(who is using the machine)4 1016 1 1656 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(who)1080 1368 w
(whois)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(person)1405 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Who)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(prints the name of everyone with a non\255Exiting process on the current machine.)12 3180 1 1288 1824 t
10 I f
(Whois)1080 1992 w
10 R f
(looks in)1 320 1 1355 1992 t
10 CW f
(/adm/whois)1700 1992 w
10 R f
(and)2325 1992 w
10 CW f
(/adm/users)2494 1992 w
10 R f
(to find out more information about)5 1391 1 3119 1992 t
10 I f
(person.)4535 1992 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 169)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( XD)1 4256(XD \( 1 \))3 284 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(xd)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1205 1080 w
10 R f
(hex, octal, decimal, or ASCII dump)5 1426 1 1295 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(xd)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1283 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1664 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255)1780 1368 w
10 I f
(format ...)1 367 1 1848 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2265 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2381 1368 t
10 R f
(])2634 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Xd)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(concatenates and dumps the)3 1117 1 1216 1656 t
10 I f
(files)2358 1656 w
10 R f
( of 16 bytes)3 472( Groups)1 345( default\) in one or more formats.)6 1306(\(standard input by)2 727 4 2550 1656 t
( by its address)3 572( line of output is prefixed)5 1023( Each)1 251(are printed in each of the named formats, one format per line.)11 2474 4 1080 1776 t
( blank\255)1 285( first line of output for each group is zero\255padded; subsequent are)11 2652( The)1 209(\(byte offset\) in the input file.)5 1174 4 1080 1896 t
(padded.)1080 2016 w
(Formats other than)2 767 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1878 2184 w
10 R f
( of characters telling size and style,)6 1447(are specified by pairs)3 868 2 2029 2184 t
10 CW f
(4x)4376 2184 w
10 R f
( sizes)1 226( The)1 212(by default.)1 434 3 4528 2184 t
(are)1080 2304 w
10 CW f
(1)1080 2472 w
10 R f
(or)1165 2472 w
10 CW f
(b)1273 2472 w
10 R f
(1\255byte units.)1 500 1 1410 2472 t
10 CW f
(2)1080 2592 w
10 R f
(or)1165 2592 w
10 CW f
(w)1273 2592 w
10 R f
(2\255byte big\255endian units.)2 952 1 1410 2592 t
10 CW f
(4)1080 2712 w
10 R f
(or)1165 2712 w
10 CW f
(l)1273 2712 w
10 R f
(4\255byte big\255endian units.)2 952 1 1410 2712 t
(The styles are)2 554 1 1080 2880 t
10 CW f
(o)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(Octal.)1440 3048 w
10 CW f
(x)1080 3168 w
10 R f
(Hexadecimal.)1440 3168 w
10 CW f
(d)1080 3288 w
10 R f
(Decimal.)1440 3288 w
(Other options are)2 693 1 1080 3456 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 3624 w
10 R f
(Format as)1 397 1 1503 3624 t
10 CW f
(1x)1925 3624 w
10 R f
(but print)1 342 1 2070 3624 t
9 R f
(ASCII)2435 3624 w
10 R f
(representations or C escape sequences where possible.)6 2169 1 2695 3624 t
10 CW f
(\255a)1080 3792 w
10 I f
(style)1208 3792 w
10 R f
(Print file addresses in the given style \(and size 4\).)9 1986 1 1503 3792 t
10 CW f
(\255u)1080 3960 w
10 R f
(\(Unbuffered\) Flush the output buffer after each 16\255byte sequence.)8 2628 1 1503 3960 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 4128 w
10 R f
(Reverse \(swab\) the order of bytes in each group of 4 before printing.)12 2740 1 1503 4128 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 4296 w
10 R f
(Print repeating groups of identical 16\255byte sequences as the first group followed by an asterisk.)14 3802 1 1503 4296 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4464 t
10 I f
(db)1080 4584 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1188 4584 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4752 t
10 R f
(The various output formats don't line up properly in the output of)11 2623 1 1080 4872 t
10 I f
(xd.)3728 4872 w
10 R f
( 170)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 1 \))3 140( YACC)1 4122(YACC \( 1 \))3 418 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(yacc)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1287 1080 w
10 R f
(yet another compiler\255compiler)2 1214 1 1377 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(yacc)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1403 1368 t
10 R f
(])1784 1368 w
10 I f
(grammar)1842 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Yacc)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( LR\(1\) parser and trans\255)4 962(converts a context\255free grammar and translation code into a set of tables for an)13 3139 2 1299 1656 t
( grammar may be ambiguous; specified precedence rules are used to break ambiguities.)12 3489(lator. The)1 413 2 1080 1776 t
(The output file,)2 639 1 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
(y.tab.c)1754 1944 w
10 R f
( be compiled by the C compiler to produce a program)10 2251(, must)1 255 2 2174 1944 t
10 CW f
(yyparse)4716 1944 w
10 R f
(. This)1 264 1 5136 1944 t
( lexical analyzer function,)3 1042(program must be loaded with a)5 1255 2 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(yylex\(void\))3404 2064 w
10 R f
(\(often generated by)2 779 1 4091 2064 t
10 I f
(lex)4897 2064 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\), with)1 379 1 5021 2064 t
(a)1080 2184 w
10 CW f
(main\(int argc, char *argv[]\))3 1887 1 1218 2184 t
10 R f
(program, and with an error handling routine,)6 2200 1 3200 2184 t
10 CW f
(yyerror\(char*\))1080 2304 w
10 R f
(.)1920 2304 w
(The options are)2 621 1 1080 2472 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 2640 w
10 I f
(output)1233 2640 w
10 R f
(Direct output to the specified file instead of)7 1739 1 1636 2640 t
10 CW f
(y.tab.c.)3400 2640 w
(\255D)1080 2808 w
10 I f
(n)1208 2808 w
10 R f
(Create file)1 439 1 1636 2808 t
10 CW f
(y.debug)2121 2808 w
10 R f
( output)1 303( amount of diagnostic)3 932( The)1 226(, containing diagnostic messages.)3 1398 4 2541 2808 t
(from the parser is regulated by value)6 1463 1 1636 2928 t
10 I f
(n)3124 2928 w
10 R f
(:)3182 2928 w
( errors.)1 282(0 Report)1 632 2 1636 3096 t
( report reductions.)2 729(1 Also)1 549 2 1636 3264 t
( report the name of each token returned by)8 1695(2 Also)1 549 2 1636 3432 t
10 CW f
(yylex)3905 3432 w
10 R f
(.)4205 3432 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 3600 w
10 R f
(Create file)1 422 1 1636 3600 t
10 CW f
(y.output)2087 3600 w
10 R f
( and of conflicts arising)4 963(, containing a description of the parsing tables)7 1870 2 2567 3600 t
(from ambiguities in the grammar.)4 1346 1 1636 3720 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 3888 w
10 R f
(Create file)1 429 1 1636 3888 t
10 CW f
(y.tab.h)2101 3888 w
10 R f
(, containing)1 483 1 2521 3888 t
10 CW f
(#define)3041 3888 w
10 R f
(statements that associate)2 1006 1 3498 3888 t
10 I f
(yacc)4541 3888 w
10 R f
(\255assigned `token)1 669 1 4731 3888 t
( it in source files other than)6 1153( Include)1 359( `token names'.)2 638(codes' with user\255declared)2 1046 4 1636 4008 t
10 CW f
(y.tab.c)4867 4008 w
10 R f
(to)5322 4008 w
(give access to the token codes.)5 1225 1 1636 4128 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 4296 w
10 I f
(stem)1233 4296 w
10 R f
(Change the prefix)2 727 1 1636 4296 t
10 CW f
(y)2394 4296 w
10 R f
(of the file names)3 686 1 2485 4296 t
10 CW f
(y.tab.c)3203 4296 w
10 R f
(,)3623 4296 w
10 CW f
(y.tab.h)3680 4296 w
10 R f
(,)4100 4296 w
10 CW f
(y.debug)4157 4296 w
10 R f
(, and)1 201 1 4577 4296 t
10 CW f
(y.output)4810 4296 w
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(to)5322 4296 w
10 I f
(stem.)1636 4416 w
10 CW f
(\255S)1080 4584 w
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(Write a parser that uses)4 936 1 1636 4584 t
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(stdio)2597 4584 w
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(instead of the)2 538 1 2817 4584 t
10 I f
(print)3380 4584 w
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(routines in libc.)2 625 1 3600 4584 t
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( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 4752 t
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(y.output)1080 4872 w
(y.tab.c)1080 4992 w
(y.tab.h)1080 5112 w
(y.debug)1080 5232 w
(y.tmp.*)1080 5352 w
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(temporary file)1 568 1 2220 5352 t
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(y.acts.*)1080 5472 w
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(temporary file)1 568 1 2220 5472 t
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(/sys/lib/yaccpar)1080 5592 w
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(parser prototype)1 651 1 2220 5592 t
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(/sys/lib/yaccpars)1080 5712 w
10 R f
(parser prototype using stdio)3 1113 1 2220 5712 t
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( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5880 t
10 I f
(lex)1080 6000 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1204 6000 w
10 I f
(Yacc: A parser generator,)3 1055 1 1080 6120 t
10 R f
( Research System Programmer's Manual, Vol\255)5 1894(S. C. Johnson and R. Sethi, Unix)6 1342 2 2164 6120 t
(ume 2)1 247 1 1080 6240 t
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( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6408 t
10 R f
(The parser may not have full information when it writes to)10 2491 1 1080 6528 t
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(y.debug)3611 6528 w
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(so that the names of the tokens)6 1328 1 4072 6528 t
(returned by)1 457 1 1080 6648 t
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(yylex)1562 6648 w
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(may be missing.)2 653 1 1887 6648 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 171)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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( \( 1 \))3 140( YESTERDAY)1 3806(YESTERDAY \( 1 \))3 734 3 720 480 t
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( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(yesterday)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1487 1080 w
10 R f
(print file names from the dump)5 1246 1 1577 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(yesterday)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1645 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255c)1703 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1848 1368 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1964 1368 w
10 I f
(date)2029 1368 w
10 R f
(])2226 1368 w
10 I f
(files ...)1 267 1 2284 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Yesterday)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(prints the names of the)4 966 1 1513 1656 t
10 I f
(files)2518 1656 w
10 R f
( dumps are done early in the)6 1221( Since)1 287(from the most recent dump.)4 1167 3 2725 1656 t
( example, if today is March 17, 1992,)7 1498( For)1 189(morning, yesterday's files are really in today's dump.)7 2138 3 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(yesterday /adm/users)1 1200 1 1440 1944 t
10 R f
(prints)1080 2112 w
10 CW f
(/n/dump/1992/0317/adm/users)1440 2280 w
10 R f
( recent dump in the current year, so the dump selected may)11 2400(In fact, the implementation is to select the most)8 1920 2 1080 2448 t
(not be from today.)3 738 1 1080 2568 t
(With option)1 481 1 1080 2736 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1586 2736 w
10 R f
(,)1706 2736 w
10 I f
(yesterday)1756 2736 w
10 R f
(copies the dump file to the current directory.)7 1780 1 2163 2736 t
(The)1080 2904 w
10 I f
(date)1273 2904 w
10 R f
( with a format of 2, 4, 6, or 8 digits of the form)13 2058(option selects other day's dumps,)4 1387 2 1483 2904 t
10 I f
(dd, mmdd,)1 433 1 4967 2904 t
(yymmdd,)1080 3024 w
10 R f
(or)1462 3024 w
10 I f
(yyyymmdd.)1570 3024 w
(Yesterday)1080 3192 w
10 R f
(does not guarantee that the string it prints represents an existing file.)11 2730 1 1499 3192 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 3360 t
10 R f
(Back up to yesterday's MIPS binary of)6 1559 1 1080 3480 t
10 CW f
(vc)2664 3480 w
10 R f
(:)2784 3480 w
10 CW f
(cd /mips/bin)1 720 1 1440 3648 t
(yesterday \255c vc)2 900 1 1440 3768 t
10 R f
(Temporarily back up to March 1's MIPS C library to see if a program runs correctly when loaded with it:)19 4207 1 1080 3936 t
10 CW f
(bind `{yesterday \2550301 /mips/lib/libc.a} /mips/lib/libc.a)4 3420 1 1440 4104 t
(rm v.out)1 480 1 1440 4224 t
(mk)1440 4344 w
(v.out)1440 4464 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 4632 t
10 CW f
(/n/dump)1080 4752 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4920 t
10 I f
(fs)1080 5040 w
10 R f
(\(4\))1155 5040 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5208 t
10 R f
(It's hard to use this command without singing.)7 1861 1 1080 5328 t
( 172)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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( \( 2 \))3 140( INTRO)1 4095(INTRO \( 2 \))3 445 3 720 480 t
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( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(intro)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1294 1080 w
10 R f
(introduction to library functions)3 1280 1 1384 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <u.h>)1 840 1 1080 1368 t
(#include <libc.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1536 t
(#include <stdio.h>)1 1080 1 1080 1704 t
(#include <bio.h>)1 960 1 1080 1872 t
(#include <libg.h>)1 1020 1 1080 2040 t
(#include <gnot.h>)1 1020 1 1080 2208 t
(#include <frame.h>)1 1080 1 1080 2376 t
(#include <layer.h>)1 1080 1 1080 2544 t
(#include <regexp.h>)1 1140 1 1080 2712 t
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( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2880 t
10 R f
( the most part, each library is defined by a single C)11 2047( For)1 190( describes functions in various libraries.)5 1597(This section)1 486 4 1080 3000 t
( name of the archive is)5 911( The)1 206( proper.)1 311(include file, listed above, and a single archive file containing the library)11 2892 4 1080 3120 t
10 CW f
(/$objtype/lib/lib)1080 3240 w
10 I f
(x)2108 3240 w
10 CW f
(.a)2160 3240 w
10 I f
(,)2288 3240 w
10 R f
(where)2349 3240 w
10 I f
(x)2628 3240 w
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(is the base of the include file name, stripped of a leading)11 2378 1 2708 3240 t
10 CW f
(lib)5122 3240 w
10 R f
(if)5339 3240 w
( example,)1 390(present. For)1 504 2 1080 3360 t
10 CW f
(<libg.h>)2001 3360 w
10 R f
( of library)2 401(defines the contents)2 797 2 2508 3360 t
10 CW f
(/$objtype/lib/libg.a)3732 3360 w
10 R f
(which may)1 442 1 4958 3360 t
(be abbreviated when named to the loader as)7 1762 1 1080 3480 t
10 CW f
(\255lg .)1 302 1 2869 3480 t
10 R f
( each include file contains a)5 1126(In practice,)1 450 2 3198 3480 t
10 CW f
(#pragma)4802 3480 w
10 R f
(that)5250 3480 w
( so it is rarely necessary to tell the loader)9 1669(directs the loader to pick up the associated archive automatically,)9 2651 2 1080 3600 t
(which libraries a program needs.)4 1305 1 1080 3720 t
(The library to which a function belongs is identified by the section number at the top of the manual page:)19 4203 1 1080 3888 t
( functions constitute the `C library',)5 1462(\(2\) These)1 598 2 1080 4056 t
10 I f
(libc,)3171 4056 w
10 R f
( call sub\255)2 380(containing most of the basic non\255system)5 1643 2 3377 4056 t
(routines such as)2 652 1 1440 4176 t
10 I f
(strlen .)1 285 1 2124 4176 t
10 R f
( all of these functions are in)6 1145(Declarations for)1 652 2 2441 4176 t
10 CW f
(<libc.h>)4269 4176 w
10 R f
(, which must be)3 651 1 4749 4176 t
(preceded by \()2 542 1 1440 4296 t
10 I f
(needs)1990 4296 w
10 R f
(\) an include of)3 579 1 2225 4296 t
10 CW f
(<u.h>)2829 4296 w
10 R f
(.)3129 4296 w
( functions constitute the library)4 1285(\(2G\) These)1 598 2 1080 4464 t
10 I f
(libg)2997 4464 w
10 R f
( for these functions)3 798( Declarations)1 563(, the graphics library.)3 878 3 3161 4464 t
(are in)1 224 1 1440 4584 t
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(<libg.h>)1689 4584 w
10 R f
(, which needs)2 546 1 2169 4584 t
10 CW f
(<libc.h>)2740 4584 w
10 R f
(and)3245 4584 w
10 CW f
(<u.h>)3414 4584 w
10 R f
(.)3714 4584 w
( functions constitute the library)4 1265(\(2S\) These)1 598 2 1080 4752 t
10 I f
(libstdio)2972 4752 w
10 R f
( \(see)1 190(, the `standard I/O package')4 1126 2 3281 4752 t
10 I f
(fgetc)4627 4752 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\). Declara\255)1 571 1 4829 4752 t
(tions for these functions are in)5 1212 1 1440 4872 t
10 CW f
(<stdio.h>)2677 4872 w
10 R f
(.)3217 4872 w
( in which such)3 667( Files)1 274( specialized libraries have not been given distinctive captions.)8 2703(\(2X\) Various)1 676 4 1080 5040 t
(libraries are found are named on appropriate pages.)7 2049 1 1440 5160 t
(The include file)2 654 1 1080 5328 t
10 CW f
(<u.h>)1770 5328 w
10 R f
( of several other include files, declares the architecture\255dependent)8 2718(, a prerequisite)2 612 2 2070 5328 t
(and \255independent types, including:)3 1397 1 1080 5448 t
10 I f
(ushort)2507 5448 w
10 R f
(,)2771 5448 w
10 I f
(uchar)2826 5448 w
10 R f
(, and)1 199 1 3067 5448 t
10 I f
(ulong)3296 5448 w
10 R f
( types;)1 268(, the unsigned integer)3 875 2 3532 5448 t
10 I f
(schar)4704 5448 w
10 R f
(, the signed)2 466 1 4934 5448 t
(char type;)1 401 1 1080 5568 t
10 I f
(vlong)1511 5568 w
10 R f
(, a very long integral type;)5 1079 1 1741 5568 t
10 I f
(jmp)2850 5568 w
10 S f
(_)3000 5568 w
10 I f
(buf)3050 5568 w
10 R f
(, the type of the argument to)6 1165 1 3186 5568 t
10 I f
(setjmp)4382 5568 w
10 R f
(and)4674 5568 w
10 I f
(longjmp,)4849 5568 w
10 R f
(plus)5233 5568 w
( define the layout of)4 812(macros that)1 466 2 1080 5688 t
10 I f
(jmp)2385 5688 w
10 S f
(_)2535 5688 w
10 I f
(buf)2585 5688 w
10 R f
(\(see)2740 5688 w
10 I f
(setjmp)2927 5688 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\); definitions of the bits in the floating\255point control)8 2204 1 3196 5688 t
( used by)2 343(register as)1 411 2 1080 5808 t
10 I f
(getfcr)1864 5808 w
10 R f
(\(2\);)2105 5808 w
10 I f
(Length)2279 5808 w
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(, a union giving different views of the 64\255bit length of a file, declared)13 2835 1 2565 5808 t
(as)1080 5928 w
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(typedef union)1 780 1 1440 6096 t
({)1440 6216 w
(char clength[8];)1 1080 1 1740 6336 t
(vlong vlength;)1 900 1 1740 6456 t
(struct)1740 6576 w
({)1740 6696 w
( high order */)3 840( /*)1 300(long hlength;)1 780 3 2160 6816 t
( low order */)3 780( /*)1 360(long length;)1 720 3 2160 6936 t
(};)1740 7056 w
(} Length;)1 540 1 1440 7176 t
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( \( 2 \))3 140( INTRO)1 4095(INTRO \( 2 \))3 445 3 720 480 t
( ac ce e)3 94( pa)1 46( sp)1 52( s)1 66( e)1 2( me)1 46( am)1 80(N Na)1 118 8 870 960 t
(Files are collected into a hierarchical organization called a)8 2391 1 1080 1080 t
10 I f
(file tree)1 317 1 3505 1080 t
10 R f
(starting in a)2 490 1 3856 1080 t
10 I f
(directory)4380 1080 w
10 R f
(called the)1 394 1 4780 1080 t
10 I f
(root.)5208 1080 w
10 R f
( called)1 277(File names, also)2 677 2 1080 1200 t
10 I f
(paths)2073 1200 w
10 R f
(, consist of a number of)5 1013 1 2298 1200 t
10 CW f
(/)3350 1200 w
10 R f
(\255separated)3410 1200 w
10 I f
(path elements)1 566 1 3858 1200 t
10 R f
(with the slashes corre\255)3 937 1 4463 1200 t
( contain only printable characters that occupy no more than)9 2451( path element must)3 782( A)1 130(sponding to directories.)2 957 4 1080 1320 t
10 CW f
(NAMELEN\2551)1080 1440 w
10 R f
( path element cannot contain a space or slash.)8 1821(bytes. A)1 358 2 1645 1440 t
( to Plan 9, it is)5 644(When a process presents a file name)6 1523 2 1080 1608 t
10 I f
(evaluated)3285 1608 w
10 R f
( with a)2 298( Start)1 252(by the following algorithm.)3 1139 3 3711 1608 t
( first character of the path:)5 1090(directory that depends on the)4 1191 2 1080 1728 t
10 CW f
(/)3393 1728 w
10 R f
(means the root of the main hierarchy,)6 1536 1 3485 1728 t
10 CW f
(#)5053 1728 w
10 R f
(means)5145 1728 w
( anything else means the process's current)6 1697(the separate root of a kernel device's file tree \(see Section 3\), and)12 2623 2 1080 1848 t
( that direc\255)2 436( for each path element, look up the element in the directory, advance to)13 2880( Then)1 258(working directory.)1 746 4 1080 1968 t
( last step may yield a directory or regular file.)9 1905( The)1 214(tory, do a possible translation \(see below\) and repeat.)8 2201 3 1080 2088 t
(The collection of files reachable from the root is called the)10 2339 1 1080 2208 t
10 I f
(name space)1 468 1 3444 2208 t
10 R f
(of a process.)2 501 1 3937 2208 t
( can use)2 325(A program)1 436 2 1080 2376 t
10 I f
(bind)1868 2376 w
10 R f
(or)2073 2376 w
10 I f
(mount)2183 2376 w
10 R f
(\(see)2460 2376 w
10 I f
(bind)2647 2376 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) to say that whenever a specified file is reached during eval\255)11 2567 1 2833 2376 t
( the same system calls create)5 1170( Also,)1 268( from a second specified file.)5 1178(uation, evaluation instead continues)3 1447 4 1080 2496 t
10 I f
(union)5172 2496 w
(directories)1080 2616 w
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( that are searched sequentially until the desired)7 1892(, which are concatenations of ordinary directories)6 1987 2 1521 2616 t
( Using)1 305(element is found.)2 723 2 1080 2736 t
10 I f
(bind)2148 2736 w
10 R f
(and)2366 2736 w
10 I f
(mount)2550 2736 w
10 R f
(to do name space adjustment affects only the current process)9 2560 1 2840 2736 t
( layout of the name space should be preserved; see)9 2209( conventions about the)3 962( Certain)1 364(group \(see below\).)2 785 4 1080 2856 t
10 I f
(namespace)1080 2976 w
10 R f
(\(4\).)1531 2976 w
( O)1 2( /O)1 74( I/)1 30( I)1 60( e)1 2( il le)2 76(F Fi)1 86 7 870 3144 t
(Files are opened for input or output by)7 1568 1 1080 3264 t
10 I f
(open)2677 3264 w
10 R f
(or)2900 3264 w
10 I f
(create)3012 3264 w
10 R f
(\(see)3290 3264 w
10 I f
(open)3479 3264 w
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( return an integer called a)5 1041( calls)1 212(\(2\)\). These)1 466 3 3681 3264 t
10 I f
(file descriptor)1 569 1 1080 3384 t
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( the file to subsequent I/O calls, notably)7 1621(which identifies)1 646 2 1679 3384 t
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(read)3975 3384 w
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(\(2\) and)1 289 1 4166 3384 t
10 I f
(write)4484 3384 w
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( descriptors)1 467(. File)1 235 2 4698 3384 t
( system allocates the numbers by selecting the lowest unused)9 2466( The)1 208( current system.)2 641(range from 0 to 99 in the)6 1005 4 1080 3504 t
( may be reassigned using)4 1052(descriptor. They)1 691 2 1080 3624 t
10 I f
(dup)2860 3624 w
10 R f
( descriptors are indices into a kernel resident)7 1859(\(2\). File)1 359 2 3018 3624 t
10 I f
(file)5272 3624 w
(descriptor table)1 636 1 1080 3744 t
10 R f
( some cases \(see)3 659( In)1 134( file descriptor table.)3 829( process has an associated)4 1036(. Each)1 274 5 1724 3744 t
10 I f
(rfork)4682 3744 w
10 R f
(in)4908 3744 w
10 I f
(fork)5012 3744 w
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(\(2\)\) a)1 219 1 5181 3744 t
(file descriptor table may be shared by several processes.)8 2241 1 1080 3864 t
( the standard input, 1 is the standard output, and 2 is the standard error)14 2925(By convention, file descriptor 0 is)5 1395 2 1080 4032 t
( conventions; it is permissible to close)6 1528( one exception, the operating system is unaware of these)9 2260(output. With)1 532 3 1080 4152 t
( by a file open only for writing, but many programs will be confused by such chi\255)16 3270(file 0, or even to replace it)6 1050 2 1080 4272 t
( exception is that the system prints messages about broken processes to file descriptor 2.)14 3526(canery. The)1 495 2 1080 4392 t
( I/O position in the file is called the)8 1416( The)1 205(Files are normally read or written in sequential order.)8 2132 3 1080 4560 t
10 I f
(file offset)1 371 1 4859 4560 t
10 R f
(and)5256 4560 w
(may be set arbitrarily using the)5 1240 1 1080 4680 t
10 I f
(seek)2345 4680 w
10 R f
(\(2\) system call.)2 613 1 2524 4680 t
( contain an integral number of records,)6 1597( They)1 263(Directories may be opened and read much like regular files.)9 2460 3 1080 4848 t
(called)1080 4968 w
10 I f
(directory entries,)1 693 1 1348 4968 t
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(of length)1 362 1 2070 4968 t
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(DIRLEN)2461 4968 w
10 R f
(\(defined in)1 439 1 2850 4968 t
10 CW f
(<libc.h>)3318 4968 w
10 R f
( entry is a machine\255independent)4 1291(\). Each)1 311 2 3798 4968 t
( existing file in the directory, including the name, ownership, per\255)10 2637(representation of the information about an)5 1683 2 1080 5088 t
( be retrieved by)3 629( entry corresponding to an arbitrary file can)7 1758( The)1 208(mission, access dates, and so on.)5 1319 4 1080 5208 t
10 I f
(stat)5021 5208 w
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(\(2\) or)1 226 1 5174 5208 t
10 I f
(fstat)1080 5328 w
10 R f
(;)1261 5328 w
10 I f
(wstat)1316 5328 w
10 R f
(and)1555 5328 w
10 I f
(fwstat)1726 5328 w
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( entry may be translated)4 967( An)1 174(write back entries, thus changing the properties of a file.)9 2266 3 1993 5328 t
(into a more convenient, addressable form called a)7 2061 1 1080 5448 t
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(Dir)3176 5448 w
10 R f
(structure;)3391 5448 w
10 I f
(dirstat, dirfstat, dirwstat,)2 1026 1 3803 5448 t
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(and)4864 5448 w
10 I f
(dirfwstat)5043 5448 w
10 R f
(execute the appropriate translations \(see)4 1601 1 1080 5568 t
10 I f
(stat)2706 5568 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\).)2859 5568 w
(New files are made with)4 1003 1 1080 5736 t
10 I f
(create)2115 5736 w
10 R f
(\(in)2396 5736 w
10 I f
(open)2539 5736 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) and deleted with)3 855 1 2741 5736 t
10 I f
(remove)3628 5736 w
10 R f
( not directly be)3 626( may)1 204(\(2\). Directories)1 641 3 3929 5736 t
(written;)1080 5856 w
10 I f
(create)1416 5856 w
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(,)1673 5856 w
10 I f
(remove)1723 5856 w
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(,)2024 5856 w
10 I f
(wstat)2074 5856 w
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(, and)1 194 1 2294 5856 t
10 I f
(fwstat)2513 5856 w
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(alter them.)1 427 1 2778 5856 t
10 I f
(Pipe)1080 6024 w
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(\(2\) creates a connected pair of file descriptors, useful for local communication.)11 3150 1 1271 6024 t
( l)1 2( ol)1 30( ro)1 52( tr)1 35( on nt)2 82( co)1 52( c)1 71( nd d)2 54( an)1 52( a)1 71( on n)2 54( ti io)2 82( ut)1 30( ec cu)2 98( xe)1 46( ex)1 52( e)1 71( ss s)2 43( ce es)2 87( oc)1 46( ro)1 52(P Pr)1 91 22 870 6192 t
( created when an existing one calls)6 1421(A new process is)3 691 2 1080 6312 t
10 I f
(rfork)3222 6312 w
10 R f
(with the)1 330 1 3452 6312 t
10 CW f
(RFPROC)3812 6312 w
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(bit set, usually just by calling)5 1198 1 4202 6312 t
10 I f
(fork)1080 6432 w
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( most other attributes of the)5 1107( new \(child\) process starts out with copies of the address space and)12 2696(\(2\). The)1 348 3 1249 6432 t
( the parent;)2 455( particular, the child starts out running the same program as)10 2397( In)1 135(old \(parent\) process.)2 821 4 1080 6552 t
10 I f
(exec)4916 6552 w
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(\(2\) will)1 300 1 5100 6552 t
(bring in a different one.)4 945 1 1080 6672 t
( files, indexed by file descriptor; and a current)8 1907(Each process has a unique integer process id; a set of open)11 2413 2 1080 6840 t
(working directory \(changed by)3 1233 1 1080 6960 t
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(chdir)2338 6960 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\).)2557 6960 w
(Each process has a set of attributes)6 1481 1 1080 7128 t
10 S1 f
(\320)2601 7128 w
10 R f
( space, etc.)2 469(memory, open files, name)3 1085 2 2741 7128 t
10 S1 f
(\320)4336 7128 w
10 R f
(that may be shared or)4 923 1 4477 7128 t
( to)1 103(unique. Flags)1 564 2 1080 7248 t
10 I f
(rfork)1772 7248 w
10 R f
(control the sharing of these attributes.)5 1509 1 1997 7248 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( INTRO)1 4095(INTRO \( 2 \))3 445 3 720 480 t
( terminates by calling)3 866(A process)1 396 2 1080 960 t
10 I f
(exits)2368 960 w
10 R f
( parent process may call)4 968(\(2\). A)1 264 2 2559 960 t
10 I f
(wait)3817 960 w
10 R f
(\(in)4016 960 w
10 I f
(exits)4153 960 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) to wait for some child)5 1056 1 4344 960 t
( may be passed from)4 826( string of status information)4 1115( A)1 123(to terminate.)1 506 4 1080 1080 t
10 I f
(exits)3675 1080 w
10 R f
(to)3883 1080 w
10 I f
(wait)3986 1080 w
10 R f
( process can go to sleep for)6 1086(. A)1 147 2 4167 1080 t
(a specified time by calling)4 1054 1 1080 1200 t
10 I f
(sleep)2159 1200 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)2372 1200 w
(There is a)2 409 1 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(notification)1522 1368 w
10 R f
( telling a process about events such as address faults, floating point)11 2779(mechanism for)1 604 2 2017 1368 t
( process uses)2 521( A)1 122( processes.)1 432(faults, and messages from other)4 1271 4 1080 1488 t
10 I f
(notify)3451 1488 w
10 R f
(\(2\) to register the function to be called \(the)8 1713 1 3687 1488 t
10 I f
(notification handler)1 798 1 1080 1608 t
10 R f
(\) when such events occur.)4 1033 1 1886 1608 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1776 t
10 I f
(nm)1080 1896 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1210 1896 w
10 I f
(2l)1376 1896 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1462 1896 w
10 I f
(2c)1628 1896 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1730 1896 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2064 t
10 R f
(Math functions in)2 717 1 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(libc)1825 2184 w
10 R f
( values when the function is undefined for the given arguments or)11 2670(will return special)2 727 2 2003 2184 t
(when the value is not representable \(see)6 1590 1 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(nan)2695 2304 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\).)2853 2304 w
(Some of the functions in)4 1015 1 1080 2472 t
10 I f
(libc)2128 2472 w
10 R f
( others employ system calls in their implementa\255)7 2009(are system calls and many)4 1080 2 2311 2472 t
( system calls return integers, with)5 1368(tion. All)1 364 2 1080 2592 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2842 2592 w
10 R f
(1 indicating that an error occurred;)5 1413 1 2907 2592 t
10 I f
(errstr)4350 2592 w
10 R f
( string)1 257(\(2\) recovers a)2 557 2 4586 2592 t
( may affect the value of the error string are said to ``set)12 2307( that)1 183( Functions)1 453(describing the error.)2 822 4 1080 2712 t
10 I f
(errstr)4879 2712 w
10 R f
(''; it is)2 285 1 5115 2712 t
(understood that the error string is altered only if an error occurs.)11 2561 1 1080 2832 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( ABORT)1 4061(ABORT \( 2 \))3 479 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(abort)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1310 1080 w
10 R f
(generate a fault)2 614 1 1400 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(void abort\(void\))1 1020 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Abort)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( can then)2 372( process)1 329( The)1 210(causes an access fault, causing the current process to enter the `Broken' state.)12 3151 4 1338 1656 t
(be inspected by a debugger.)4 1111 1 1080 1776 t
( 176)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( ABS)1 4205(ABS \( 2 \))3 335 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(abs, labs)1 344 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1449 1080 w
10 R f
(integer absolute values)2 915 1 1539 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
( a\))1 180(int abs\(int)1 780 2 1080 1368 t
( a\))1 180(long labs\(long)1 900 2 1080 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Abs)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(returns the absolute value of integer)5 1433 1 1255 1824 t
10 I f
(a)2713 1824 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 2771 1824 t
10 I f
(labs)2990 1824 w
10 R f
(does the same for a long.)5 998 1 3182 1824 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1992 t
10 I f
(floor)1080 2112 w
10 R f
(\(2\) for)1 257 1 1283 2112 t
10 I f
(fabs)1565 2112 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2280 t
10 I f
(Abs)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(and)1255 2400 w
10 I f
(labs)1424 2400 w
10 R f
(return the most negative integer or long when the true result is unrepresentable.)12 3169 1 1616 2400 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( ACCESS)1 4021(ACCESS \( 2 \))3 519 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(access)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1359 1080 w
10 R f
(determine accessibility of file)3 1184 1 1449 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(int access\(char *name, int mode\))4 1920 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Access)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(evaluates the given file)3 938 1 1381 1656 t
10 I f
(name)2349 1656 w
10 R f
( If)1 121(for accessibility.)1 665 2 2595 1656 t
10 I f
(mode)3411 1656 w
10 CW f
(&4)3627 1656 w
10 R f
( expected;)1 413(is nonzero, read permission is)4 1210 2 3777 1656 t
(if)1080 1776 w
10 I f
(mode)1174 1776 w
10 CW f
(&2)1390 1776 w
10 R f
( permission; if)2 592(, write)1 263 2 1510 1776 t
10 I f
(mode)2397 1776 w
10 CW f
(&1)2613 1776 w
10 R f
( If)1 123(, execute permission.)2 857 2 2733 1776 t
10 I f
(mode)3745 1776 w
10 CW f
(==0)3961 1776 w
10 R f
( In)1 140(, the file merely need exist.)5 1119 2 4141 1776 t
( is returned if the desired access is per\255)8 1551( Zero)1 238(any case all directories leading to the file must permit searches.)10 2531 3 1080 1896 t
(mitted,)1080 2016 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1386 2016 w
10 R f
(1 if not.)2 314 1 1451 2016 t
( be announced as writable by)5 1176( directory may)2 586( A)1 124(Only access bits are checked.)4 1179 4 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(access)4173 2184 w
10 R f
(, but an attempt to open)5 959 1 4441 2184 t
( look executable, but)3 835(it for writing will fail \(although files may be created there\); a file may)13 2818 2 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(exec)4759 2304 w
10 R f
(\(2\) will fail)2 457 1 4943 2304 t
(unless it is in proper format.)5 1127 1 1080 2424 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2592 t
10 I f
(stat)1080 2712 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1233 2712 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2880 t
10 R f
(Sets)1080 3000 w
10 I f
(errstr.)1272 3000 w
10 R f
( 178)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2G \))3 212( ADD)1 4040(ADD \( 2G \))3 428 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( raddp, rsubp, rmul, rdiv, rshift, inset, rcanon, eqpt, eqrect, ptinrect, rectinrect, rectXrect,)12 3572(add, sub, mul, div,)3 748 2 1080 1080 t
(rectclip, Dx, Dy, Pt, Rect, Rpt)5 1205 1 1080 1200 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2310 1200 w
10 R f
(arithmetic on points and rectangles)4 1398 1 2400 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(#include <u.h>)1 840 1 1080 1488 t
(#include <libc.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1608 t
(#include <libg.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1728 t
( p, Point q\))3 720(Point add\(Point)1 1140 2 1080 1896 t
( p, Point q\))3 720(Point sub\(Point)1 1140 2 1080 2064 t
( p, int a\))3 600(Point mul\(Point)1 1140 2 1080 2232 t
( p, int a\))3 600(Point div\(Point)1 1140 2 1080 2400 t
(Rectangle raddp\(Rectangle r, Point p\))4 2220 1 1080 2568 t
(Rectangle rsubp\(Rectangle r, Point p\))4 2220 1 1080 2736 t
(Rectangle rmul\(Rectangle r, int a\))4 2040 1 1080 2904 t
(Rectangle rdiv\(Rectangle r, int a\))4 2040 1 1080 3072 t
(Rectangle rshift\(Rectangle r, int a\))4 2160 1 1080 3240 t
(Rectangle inset\(Rectangle r, int n\))4 2100 1 1080 3408 t
(Rectangle rcanon\(Rectangle r\))2 1740 1 1080 3576 t
( p, Point q\))3 720(int eqpt\(Point)1 1200 2 1080 3744 t
( r, Rectangle s\))3 960(int eqrect\(Rectangle)1 1560 2 1080 3912 t
( p, Rectangle r\))3 960(int ptinrect\(Point)1 1440 2 1080 4080 t
( r, Rectangle s\))3 960(int rectinrect\(Rectangle)1 1800 2 1080 4248 t
( r, Rectangle s\))3 960(int rectXrect\(Rectangle)1 1740 2 1080 4416 t
( *rp, Rectangle b\))3 1080(int rectclip\(Rectangle)1 1680 2 1080 4584 t
( r\))1 180(int Dx\(Rectangle)1 1320 2 1080 4752 t
( r\))1 180(int Dy\(Rectangle)1 1320 2 1080 4920 t
( x, int y\))3 600(Point Pt\(int)1 960 2 1080 5088 t
(Rectangle Rect\(int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1\))8 2760 1 1080 5256 t
(Rectangle Rpt\(Point p, Point q\))4 1860 1 1080 5424 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 5592 t
10 R f
(The functions)1 558 1 1080 5712 t
10 I f
(Pt)1669 5712 w
10 R f
(,)1766 5712 w
10 I f
(Rect)1822 5712 w
10 R f
(and)2030 5712 w
10 I f
(Rpt)2205 5712 w
10 R f
( are imple\255)2 446( These)1 294(construct geometrical data types from their components.)6 2285 3 2375 5712 t
(mented as macros.)2 740 1 1080 5832 t
10 I f
(Add)1080 6000 w
10 R f
(returns the Point sum of its arguments:)6 1562 1 1268 6000 t
10 CW f
(Pt\()2857 6000 w
10 I f
(p)3045 6000 w
10 CW f
(.x+)3103 6000 w
10 I f
(q)3291 6000 w
10 CW f
(.x,)3349 6000 w
10 I f
(p)3556 6000 w
10 CW f
(.y+)3614 6000 w
10 I f
(q)3802 6000 w
10 CW f
(.y\))3860 6000 w
10 I f
(. Sub)1 227 1 4048 6000 t
10 R f
(returns the Point difference)3 1098 1 4302 6000 t
(of its arguments:)2 676 1 1080 6120 t
10 CW f
(Pt\()1783 6120 w
10 I f
(p)1971 6120 w
10 CW f
(.x\255)2029 6120 w
10 I f
(q)2217 6120 w
10 CW f
(.x,)2275 6120 w
10 I f
(p)2482 6120 w
10 CW f
(.y\255)2540 6120 w
10 I f
(q)2728 6120 w
10 CW f
(.y\))2786 6120 w
10 I f
(. Mul)1 238 1 2974 6120 t
10 R f
(returns the Point)2 663 1 3238 6120 t
10 CW f
(Pt\()3927 6120 w
10 I f
(p)4115 6120 w
10 CW f
(.x*)4173 6120 w
10 I f
(a)4361 6120 w
10 CW f
(,)4419 6120 w
10 I f
(p)4505 6120 w
10 CW f
(.y*)4563 6120 w
10 I f
(a)4751 6120 w
10 CW f
(\))4809 6120 w
10 I f
(. Div)1 220 1 4877 6120 t
10 R f
(returns)5123 6120 w
(the Point)1 359 1 1080 6240 t
10 CW f
(Pt\()1464 6240 w
10 I f
(p)1652 6240 w
10 CW f
(.x/)1710 6240 w
10 I f
(a)1898 6240 w
10 CW f
(,)1956 6240 w
10 I f
(p)2041 6240 w
10 CW f
(.y/)2099 6240 w
10 I f
(a)2287 6240 w
10 CW f
(\))2345 6240 w
10 I f
(.)2413 6240 w
(Raddp)1080 6408 w
10 R f
( Rectangle)1 432(returns the)1 431 2 1373 6408 t
10 CW f
(Rect\(add\()2269 6408 w
10 I f
(r)2817 6408 w
10 CW f
(.min,)2864 6408 w
10 I f
(p)3197 6408 w
10 CW f
(\), add\()1 393 1 3255 6408 t
10 I f
(r)3656 6408 w
10 CW f
(.max,)3703 6408 w
10 I f
(p)4036 6408 w
10 CW f
(\)\))4094 6408 w
10 R f
(;)4214 6408 w
10 I f
(rsubp)4275 6408 w
10 R f
(returns the Rectangle)2 864 1 4536 6408 t
10 CW f
(Rpt\(sub\()1080 6528 w
10 I f
(r)1568 6528 w
10 CW f
(.min,)1615 6528 w
10 I f
(p)1972 6528 w
10 CW f
(\), sub\()1 417 1 2030 6528 t
10 I f
(r)2455 6528 w
10 CW f
(.max,)2502 6528 w
10 I f
(p)2859 6528 w
10 CW f
(\)\))2917 6528 w
10 R f
(.)3037 6528 w
10 I f
(Rmul)3144 6528 w
10 R f
( Rectangle)1 455(returns the)1 456 2 3412 6528 t
10 CW f
(Rpt\(mul\()4379 6528 w
10 I f
(r)4867 6528 w
10 CW f
(.min,)4914 6528 w
10 I f
(a)5222 6528 w
10 CW f
(\),)5280 6528 w
(mul\()1080 6648 w
10 I f
(r)1328 6648 w
10 CW f
(.max,)1375 6648 w
10 I f
(a)1683 6648 w
10 CW f
(\)\))1741 6648 w
10 R f
(;)1861 6648 w
10 I f
(Rdiv)1914 6648 w
10 R f
(returns the Rectangle)2 848 1 2122 6648 t
10 CW f
(Rpt\(div\()2995 6648 w
10 I f
(r)3483 6648 w
10 CW f
(.min,)3530 6648 w
10 I f
(a)3838 6648 w
10 CW f
(\), div\()1 385 1 3896 6648 t
10 I f
(r)4289 6648 w
10 CW f
(.max,)4336 6648 w
10 I f
(a)4644 6648 w
10 CW f
(\)\))4702 6648 w
10 I f
(.)4830 6648 w
(Rshift)1080 6816 w
10 R f
(returns the rectangle)2 844 1 1354 6816 t
10 I f
(r)2238 6816 w
10 R f
( by)1 141(with all coordinates either left\255shifted or right\255shifted)6 2220 2 2317 6816 t
10 I f
(a)4719 6816 w
10 R f
(, depending on)2 623 1 4777 6816 t
(whether)1080 6936 w
10 I f
(a)1426 6936 w
10 R f
(is positive or negative, respectively.)4 1437 1 1501 6936 t
10 I f
(Inset)1080 7104 w
10 R f
(returns the Rectangle)2 848 1 1299 7104 t
10 CW f
(Rect\()2172 7104 w
10 I f
(r)2480 7104 w
10 CW f
(.min.x+)2527 7104 w
10 I f
(n)2955 7104 w
10 CW f
(,)3013 7104 w
10 I f
(r)3098 7104 w
10 CW f
(.min.y+)3145 7104 w
10 I f
(n)3573 7104 w
10 CW f
(,)3631 7104 w
10 I f
(r)3716 7104 w
10 CW f
(.max.x\255)3763 7104 w
10 I f
(n)4191 7104 w
10 CW f
(,)4249 7104 w
10 I f
(r)4334 7104 w
10 CW f
(.max.y\255)4381 7104 w
10 I f
(n)4809 7104 w
10 CW f
(\))4867 7104 w
10 I f
(.)4935 7104 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 179)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2G \))3 212( ADD)1 4040(ADD \( 2G \))3 428 3 720 480 t
10 I f
(Rcanon)1080 960 w
10 R f
(returns a rectangle with the same extent as)7 1693 1 1410 960 t
10 I f
(r)3128 960 w
10 R f
(, canonicalized so that)3 890 1 3175 960 t
10 CW f
(min.x)4091 960 w
10 S f
(\243)4417 960 w
10 CW f
(max.x)4498 960 w
10 R f
(, and)1 195 1 4798 960 t
10 CW f
(min.y)5019 960 w
10 S f
(\243)5345 960 w
10 CW f
(max.y)1080 1080 w
10 R f
(.)1380 1080 w
10 I f
(Eqpt)1080 1248 w
10 R f
( if equal.)2 364(compares its argument Points and returns 0 if unequal, 1)9 2298 2 1299 1248 t
10 I f
(Eqrect)4017 1248 w
10 R f
(does the same for its argu\255)5 1086 1 4314 1248 t
(ment Rectangles.)1 688 1 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(Ptinrect)1080 1536 w
10 R f
(returns 1 if)2 438 1 1427 1536 t
10 I f
(p)1890 1536 w
10 R f
(is a point within)3 648 1 1965 1536 t
10 I f
(r)2638 1536 w
10 R f
(, and 0 otherwise.)3 707 1 2685 1536 t
10 I f
(Rectinrect)1080 1704 w
10 R f
(returns 1 if all the pixels in)6 1077 1 1515 1704 t
10 I f
(r)2617 1704 w
10 R f
(are also in)2 410 1 2681 1704 t
10 I f
(s)3116 1704 w
10 R f
(, and 0 otherwise.)3 707 1 3163 1704 t
10 I f
(RectXrect)1080 1872 w
10 R f
(returns 1 if)2 438 1 1498 1872 t
10 I f
(r)1961 1872 w
10 R f
(and)2025 1872 w
10 I f
(s)2194 1872 w
10 R f
(share any point, and 0 otherwise.)5 1317 1 2258 1872 t
10 I f
(Rectclip)1080 2040 w
10 R f
(clips in place the Rectangle pointed to by)7 1651 1 1432 2040 t
10 I f
(rp)3108 2040 w
10 R f
(so that it is completely contained within)6 1600 1 3222 2040 t
10 I f
(b)4847 2040 w
10 R f
( return)1 264(. The)1 231 2 4905 2040 t
(value is 1 if any part of *)7 1001 1 1080 2160 t
10 I f
(rp)2089 2160 w
10 R f
(is within)1 348 1 2203 2160 t
10 I f
(b)2576 2160 w
10 R f
( the return value is 0 and *)7 1062(. Otherwise,)1 510 2 2634 2160 t
10 I f
(rp)4214 2160 w
10 R f
(is unchanged.)1 549 1 4328 2160 t
(The functions)1 553 1 1080 2328 t
10 I f
(Dx)1659 2328 w
10 R f
(and)1801 2328 w
10 I f
(Dy)1971 2328 w
10 R f
( implemented as mac\255)3 885( are)1 147( They)1 256( of a Rectangle.)3 629( y\))1 116( and height \()3 505( x\))1 116(give the width \()3 633 8 2113 2328 t
(ros.)1080 2448 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2616 t
10 I f
(graphics)1080 2736 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1438 2736 w
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( ARG)1 4189(ARG \( 2 \))3 351 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(ARG)1080 1080 w
10 S f
(-)1316 1080 w
10 R f
(process option letters from argv)4 1270 1 1396 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <libc.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1368 t
(ARGBEGIN {)1 600 1 1080 1488 t
(} ARGEND)1 480 1 1080 1608 t
(char *ARGF\(\);)1 780 1 1080 1728 t
(Rune ARGC\(\);)1 720 1 1080 1848 t
(extern char *argv0;)2 1140 1 1080 2016 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2184 t
10 R f
(Command\255line arguments to programs \(see)4 1795 1 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(exec)2916 2304 w
10 R f
( of)1 125(\(2\)\) are conventionally arranged as a set)6 1696 2 3100 2304 t
10 I f
(options)4963 2304 w
10 S1 f
(\320)5300 2304 w
10 R f
(strings beginning with a)3 970 1 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(\255)2077 2424 w
10 R f
(\(minus sign\))1 505 1 2164 2424 t
10 S1 f
(\320)2696 2424 w
10 R f
( The)1 207(followed by plain arguments such as file names.)7 1939 2 2823 2424 t
10 CW f
(ARG)4995 2424 w
10 R f
(mac\255)5201 2424 w
( characters appear in nonempty clus\255)5 1500( Option)1 335( means for processing these options.)5 1483(ros provide a convenient)3 1002 4 1080 2544 t
(ters preceded by)2 669 1 1080 2664 t
10 CW f
(\255)1782 2664 w
10 R f
( processing is terminated \(by an argument not starting with)9 2419( options)1 328(. After)1 293 3 1842 2664 t
10 CW f
(\255)4914 2664 w
10 R f
(, or by the)3 426 1 4974 2664 t
(argument)1080 2784 w
10 CW f
(\255\255)1482 2784 w
10 R f
(which is then skipped, or by the argument)7 1676 1 1627 2784 t
10 CW f
(\255)3328 2784 w
10 R f
(\), execution resumes after the)4 1177 1 3388 2784 t
10 CW f
(ARGEND)4590 2784 w
10 R f
(.)4950 2784 w
(The body of a)3 569 1 1080 2952 t
10 CW f
(switch)1679 2952 w
10 R f
(statement should be put between)4 1324 1 2069 2952 t
10 CW f
(ARGBEGIN{)3423 2952 w
10 R f
(and)3993 2952 w
10 CW f
(}ARGEND)4167 2952 w
10 R f
(; it is executed once)4 813 1 4587 2952 t
( option character \(the character itself may be referenced by)9 2421(for each)1 332 2 1080 3072 t
10 CW f
(ARGC\(\))3866 3072 w
10 R f
( an option takes a string)5 992(\). If)1 182 2 4226 3072 t
( or if that is empty, the next argument\), it can be refer\255)12 2197(argument \(that is, the rest of the current option string)9 2123 2 1080 3192 t
(enced by)1 357 1 1080 3312 t
10 CW f
(ARGF\(\))1462 3312 w
10 R f
(. After)1 285 1 1822 3312 t
10 CW f
(ARGEND)2132 3312 w
10 R f
(,)2492 3312 w
10 I f
(argv)2542 3312 w
10 R f
(points at a zero\255terminated list of the remaining)7 1900 1 2750 3312 t
10 I f
(argc)4675 3312 w
10 R f
(arguments.)4883 3312 w
10 CW f
(ARGBEGIN)1080 3480 w
10 R f
(also sets up)2 461 1 1585 3480 t
10 I f
(argv0)2071 3480 w
10 R f
(to point at)2 406 1 2329 3480 t
10 CW f
(argv[0])2760 3480 w
10 R f
(\(conventionally the name of the program\).)5 1691 1 3205 3480 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 3648 t
10 R f
( that can take option)4 838(This program processes arguments for a command)6 2054 2 1080 3768 t
10 CW f
(b)4004 3768 w
10 R f
(and option)1 432 1 4096 3768 t
10 CW f
(f)4560 3768 w
10 R f
(, which requires an)3 780 1 4620 3768 t
(argument.)1080 3888 w
10 CW f
(#include <u.h>)1 840 1 1080 4056 t
(#include <libc.h>)1 1020 1 1080 4176 t
(main\(int argc, char *argv[]\))3 1680 1 1080 4416 t
({)1080 4536 w
(char *f;)1 480 1 1560 4656 t
(print\("%s", argv[0]\);)1 1260 1 1560 4896 t
(ARGBEGIN{)1560 5016 w
( \255b"\); break;)2 780( print\(")1 840(case 'b':)1 540 3 1560 5136 t
( = ARGF\(\); print\(" \255f\(%s\)", f?f:"no arg"\); break;)7 2940( f)1 480(case 'f':)1 540 3 1560 5256 t
( badflag\('%c'\)", ARGC\(\)\); break;)3 1920(default: print\(")1 1380 2 1560 5376 t
(}ARGEND)1560 5496 w
(print\(" %d args:", argc\);)3 1500 1 1560 5616 t
(while\(*argv\))1560 5736 w
(print\(" '%s'", *argv++\);)2 1440 1 2040 5856 t
(print\("\\n"\);)1560 5976 w
(exits\(0\);)1560 6096 w
(})1080 6216 w
10 R f
(When this program is run as)5 1129 1 1080 6336 t
10 CW f
(prog \255bffile1 \255r \255f file2 arg1 argn)6 2100 1 1560 6456 t
10 R f
(it yields)1 320 1 1080 6576 t
10 CW f
(prog \255b \255f\(file1\) badflag\('r'\) \255f\(file2\) 2 args: 'arg1' 'argn')8 3720 1 1560 6696 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 6864 t
10 CW f
(ARGF\(\))1080 6984 w
10 R f
(returns 0 on error.)3 720 1 1465 6984 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 181)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( ATOF)1 4139(ATOF \( 2 \))3 401 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(atof, atoi, atol, charstod, strtod, strtol, strtoul)6 1783 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2888 1080 w
10 R f
(convert text to numbers)3 946 1 2978 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(double atof\(char *nptr\))2 1380 1 1080 1368 t
( *nptr\))1 420(int atoi\(char)1 960 2 1080 1536 t
( *nptr\))1 420(long atol\(char)1 960 2 1080 1704 t
(double charstod\(int \(*f\)\(void *\), void *a\))5 2520 1 1080 1872 t
(double strtod\(char *nptr, char **rptr\))4 2280 1 1080 2040 t
( *nptr, char **rptr, int base\))5 1800(long strtol\(char)1 1080 2 1080 2208 t
( *nptr, char **rptr, int base\))5 1800(ulong strtoul\(char)1 1140 2 1080 2376 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2544 t
10 I f
(Atof)1080 2664 w
10 R f
(,)1255 2664 w
10 I f
(atoi)1311 2664 w
10 R f
(, and)1 200 1 1475 2664 t
10 I f
(atol)1706 2664 w
10 R f
(convert a string pointed to by)5 1204 1 1893 2664 t
10 I f
(nptr)3129 2664 w
10 R f
(to floating, integer, and long integer representation)6 2072 1 3328 2664 t
( C escapes are understood, as in)6 1350( Leading)1 390( first unrecognized character ends the string.)6 1854(respectively. The)1 726 4 1080 2784 t
10 I f
(strtol)1080 2904 w
10 R f
(with)1317 2904 w
10 I f
(base)1520 2904 w
10 R f
(zero.)1728 2904 w
10 I f
(Atof)1080 3072 w
10 R f
( and spaces, then an optional sign, then a string of digits optionally)12 2683(recognizes an optional string of tabs)5 1445 2 1272 3072 t
(containing a decimal point, then an optional)6 1757 1 1080 3192 t
10 CW f
(e)2862 3192 w
10 R f
(or)2947 3192 w
10 CW f
(E)3055 3192 w
10 R f
(followed by an optionally signed integer.)5 1643 1 3140 3192 t
10 I f
(Atoi)1080 3360 w
10 R f
(and)1274 3360 w
10 I f
(atol)1445 3360 w
10 R f
( decimal)1 344(recognize an optional string of tabs and spaces, then an optional sign, then a string of)15 3428 2 1628 3360 t
(digits.)1080 3480 w
10 I f
(Strtod, strtol,)1 535 1 1080 3648 t
10 R f
(and)1643 3648 w
10 I f
(strtoul,)1816 3648 w
10 R f
(behave similarly to)2 774 1 2132 3648 t
10 I f
(atof,)2935 3648 w
10 R f
(and)3145 3648 w
10 I f
(atol)3318 3648 w
10 R f
(and, if)1 259 1 3503 3648 t
10 I f
(rptr)3791 3648 w
10 R f
(is not zero, set)3 589 1 3976 3648 t
10 I f
(*rptr)4594 3648 w
10 R f
(to point to the)3 571 1 4829 3648 t
(input character immediately after the string converted.)6 2170 1 1080 3768 t
10 I f
(Strtol)1080 3936 w
10 R f
(and)1331 3936 w
10 I f
(strtoul)1503 3936 w
10 R f
( specified)1 389(interpret the digit string in the)5 1212 2 1793 3936 t
10 I f
(base,)3423 3936 w
10 R f
(from 2 to 36, each digit being less than the)9 1740 1 3660 3936 t
( If)1 117( A\255Z.)1 217( with value over 9 are represented by letters, a\255z or)10 2044(base. Digits)1 499 4 1080 4056 t
10 I f
(base)3983 4056 w
10 R f
(is 0, the input is interpreted as)6 1208 1 4192 4056 t
( in the style of C \(with no suffixed type indicators\): numbers are octal if they begin with)17 3538(an integral constant)2 782 2 1080 4176 t
10 CW f
(0)1080 4296 w
10 R f
(, hexadecimal if they begin with)5 1287 1 1140 4296 t
10 CW f
(0x)2452 4296 w
10 R f
(or)2597 4296 w
10 CW f
(0X)2705 4296 w
10 R f
(, otherwise decimal.)2 804 1 2825 4296 t
10 I f
(Strtoul)3679 4296 w
10 R f
(does not recognize signs.)3 1004 1 3977 4296 t
10 I f
(Charstod)1080 4464 w
10 R f
( like)1 180(interprets floating point numbers)3 1325 2 1482 4464 t
10 I f
(atof)3017 4464 w
10 R f
(, but it gets successive characters by calling)7 1776 1 3181 4464 t
10 CW f
(\(*)4987 4464 w
10 I f
(f)5107 4464 w
10 CW f
(\)\(a\))5135 4464 w
10 R f
(.)5375 4464 w
(The last call to)3 594 1 1080 4584 t
10 I f
(f)1700 4584 w
10 R f
( it must have returned a character that is not a legal continuation of a)14 2739(terminates the scan, so)3 907 2 1754 4584 t
( it may be necessary to back up the input stream one character after calling)14 2981(number. Therefore,)1 797 2 1080 4704 t
10 I f
(charstod)4883 4704 w
10 R f
(.)5241 4704 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4872 t
10 I f
(fscanf)1080 4992 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1327 4992 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 5160 t
10 R f
( interpretable as a number; even in this case,)8 1811(Zero is returned if the beginning of the input string is not)11 2323 2 1080 5280 t
10 I f
(rptr)5244 5280 w
10 R f
(will be updated.)2 641 1 1080 5400 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5568 t
10 I f
(Atoi)1080 5688 w
10 R f
(and)1272 5688 w
10 I f
(atol)1441 5688 w
10 R f
(accept octal and hexadecimal numbers in the style of C, contrary to the ANSI specification.)14 3654 1 1622 5688 t
( 182)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( AUTH)1 4123(AUTH \( 2 \))3 417 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(auth, srvauth, getchall, challreply, newns, authdial, passtokey, nvcsum)7 2813 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3918 1080 w
10 R f
(network authentication)1 918 1 4008 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <u.h>)1 840 1 1080 1368 t
(#include <libc.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1488 t
(#include <auth.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1608 t
(char* auth\(int fd, char *dialstring\))4 2160 1 1080 1776 t
(char* srvauth\(char *user\))2 1500 1 1080 1944 t
( *user, char chall[NETCHLEN]\);)3 1800(int getchall\(char)1 1140 2 1080 2112 t
( fd, char *user, char *response\);)5 1980(int challreply\(int)1 1200 2 1080 2280 t
(char* newns\(char *user, char *nsfile\))4 2220 1 1080 2448 t
( *service\))1 600(int authdial\(char)1 1140 2 1080 2616 t
( key[DESKEYLEN], char *password\))3 1920(int passtokey\(char)1 1200 2 1080 2784 t
(uchar nvcsum\(void *mem, int len\))4 1920 1 1080 2952 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 3120 t
10 I f
(Auth)1080 3240 w
10 R f
(and)1294 3240 w
10 I f
(srvauth)1463 3240 w
10 R f
( for Plan 9 remote execution using the)7 1530(authenticate connections)1 984 2 1788 3240 t
10 I f
(rexauth)4328 3240 w
10 R f
(protocol described)1 741 1 4659 3240 t
(in)1080 3360 w
10 I f
(auth)1190 3360 w
10 R f
(\(6\).)1376 3360 w
10 I f
(Auth)1574 3360 w
10 R f
(authenticates an outgoing network call.)4 1595 1 1795 3360 t
10 I f
(Fd)3447 3360 w
10 R f
( of the)2 267(is a file descriptor to the data channel)7 1543 2 3590 3360 t
(network connection.)1 821 1 1080 3480 t
10 I f
(Auth)1958 3480 w
10 R f
(extracts from)1 536 1 2179 3480 t
10 I f
(dialstring)2747 3480 w
10 R f
(the name of the server being called.)6 1463 1 3169 3480 t
10 I f
(Dialstring)4689 3480 w
10 R f
(should)5133 3480 w
(be the address passed to)4 1023 1 1080 3600 t
10 I f
(dial)2144 3600 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)2308 3600 w
10 I f
(Auth)2515 3600 w
10 R f
( user's name with)3 752(reads the)1 373 2 2745 3600 t
10 I f
(getuser)3910 3600 w
10 R f
(\(2\) and uses)2 512 1 4212 3600 t
10 CW f
(#c/crypt)4764 3600 w
10 R f
(for)5284 3600 w
(encrypting and decrypting)2 1048 1 1080 3720 t
10 I f
(rexauth)2153 3720 w
10 R f
(messages.)2483 3720 w
10 I f
(Srvauth)1080 3888 w
10 R f
( the name of the user into)6 1105( copies)1 294( It)1 125(authenticates the corresponding incoming call.)4 1917 4 1430 3888 t
10 I f
(user)4911 3888 w
10 R f
(, which)1 309 1 5091 3888 t
(must be at least)3 619 1 1080 4008 t
10 CW f
(NAMELEN)1724 4008 w
10 R f
(bytes long.)1 439 1 2169 4008 t
10 I f
(Getchall)1080 4176 w
10 R f
(and)1451 4176 w
10 I f
(challreply)1622 4176 w
10 R f
(authenticate an incoming network call for a service that does not perform the usual)13 3346 1 2054 4176 t
( use the)2 323( They)1 264(Plan 9 authentication.)2 887 3 1080 4296 t
10 I f
(chal)2588 4296 w
10 R f
(protocol described in)2 859 1 2793 4296 t
10 I f
(auth)3685 4296 w
10 R f
(\(6\).)3871 4296 w
10 I f
(User)4070 4296 w
10 R f
(points to the local name of)5 1103 1 4297 4296 t
(the user.)1 343 1 1080 4416 t
10 I f
(Getchall)1478 4416 w
10 R f
( authentication server and copies it to)6 1528(reads a null\255terminated textual challenge from the)6 2020 2 1852 4416 t
10 I f
(chall)1080 4536 w
10 R f
( returns the open file descriptor to the authentication server, or)10 2522(. It)1 139 2 1288 4536 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3977 4536 w
10 R f
( challenge should)2 703( The)1 207(1 if it fails.)3 448 3 4042 4536 t
( the user should use a Digital Pathways Securenet Key or)10 2325(be printed for the user to see, and)7 1351 2 1080 4656 t
10 I f
(aux/netkey)4785 4656 w
10 R f
(\(see)5240 4656 w
10 I f
(passwd)1080 4776 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\) to generate the appropriate response.)5 1639 1 1383 4776 t
10 I f
(Challreply)1080 4944 w
10 R f
( text string, and the file)5 937(should be called with the user's response, which is also a null\255terminated)11 2929 2 1534 4944 t
(descriptor returned from)2 975 1 1080 5064 t
10 I f
(getchall)2080 5064 w
10 R f
( returns 0 if it succeeds, or)6 1056(. It)1 136 2 2410 5064 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3627 5064 w
10 R f
(1 if the user was not authenticated.)6 1389 1 3692 5064 t
10 I f
(Srvauth)1080 5232 w
10 R f
(and)1416 5232 w
10 I f
(challreply)1585 5232 w
10 R f
(set the process's user name and encryption key \(see)8 2061 1 2015 5232 t
10 I f
(cons)4101 5232 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\).)4292 5232 w
10 I f
(Newns)1080 5400 w
10 R f
(builds a name space for)4 958 1 1376 5400 t
10 I f
(user)2363 5400 w
10 R f
( opens the file)3 578(. It)1 140 2 2543 5400 t
10 I f
(nsfile)3291 5400 w
10 R f
(\()3538 5400 w
10 CW f
(/lib/namespace)3571 5400 w
10 R f
(is used if)2 371 1 4441 5400 t
10 I f
(nsfile)4842 5400 w
10 R f
(is null\),)1 311 1 5089 5400 t
( old environment, and erases the current name space, sets the environment variables)12 3456(copies the)1 412 2 1080 5520 t
10 CW f
(user)4982 5520 w
10 R f
(and)5256 5520 w
10 CW f
(home)1080 5640 w
10 R f
(, and interprets the commands in)5 1304 1 1320 5640 t
10 I f
(nsfile)2649 5640 w
10 R f
( format of)2 399(. The)1 230 2 2874 5640 t
10 I f
(nsfile)3528 5640 w
10 R f
(is described in)2 577 1 3770 5640 t
10 I f
(namespace)4372 5640 w
10 R f
(\(6\).)4823 5640 w
10 I f
(Authdial)1080 5808 w
10 R f
(calls)1455 5808 w
10 I f
(service)1668 5808 w
10 R f
( returns a file descriptor to the open connection)8 1933( It)1 117(on the local authentication server.)4 1370 3 1980 5808 t
(or)1080 5928 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1188 5928 w
10 R f
(1 if it fails.)3 439 1 1253 5928 t
10 I f
(Passtokey)1080 6096 w
10 R f
(converts)1505 6096 w
10 I f
(password)1869 6096 w
10 R f
(into a DES key and stores the result in)8 1540 1 2279 6096 t
10 I f
(key)3845 6096 w
10 R f
( returns 0 if)3 466(. It)1 137 2 3985 6096 t
10 I f
(password)4614 6096 w
10 R f
(could not)1 376 1 5024 6096 t
(be converted, and 1 otherwise.)4 1219 1 1080 6216 t
10 I f
(Nvcsum)1080 6384 w
10 R f
(computes a checksum for the)4 1224 1 1436 6384 t
10 I f
(len)2700 6384 w
10 R f
(byte array)1 416 1 2862 6384 t
10 I f
(mem)3318 6384 w
10 R f
( is used to checksum keys stored in non\255)8 1735(. It)1 151 2 3514 6384 t
(volatile RAM.)1 578 1 1080 6504 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 6672 t
10 CW f
(#c/crypt)1080 6792 w
10 R f
(Encryption file used by)3 935 1 2220 6792 t
10 I f
(auth)3180 6792 w
10 R f
(.)3366 6792 w
10 CW f
(/lib/namespace)1080 6960 w
10 R f
(Default name space specification file.)4 1504 1 2220 6960 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 7128 t
10 I f
(Auth)1080 7248 w
10 R f
(,)1277 7248 w
10 I f
(srvauth)1327 7248 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 1635 7248 t
10 I f
(newns)1854 7248 w
10 R f
(return a pointer to an error message upon failure, and 0 upon success.)12 2771 1 2129 7248 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 183)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( AUTH)1 4123(AUTH \( 2 \))3 417 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 960 t
10 I f
(passwd)1080 1080 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1383 1080 w
10 I f
(auth)1549 1080 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)1735 1080 w
10 I f
(cons)1901 1080 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)2092 1080 w
10 I f
(dial)2258 1080 w
10 R f
(\(2\))2422 1080 w
( 184)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2G \))3 212( BALLOC)1 3856(BALLOC \( 2G \))3 612 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( rdbitmap, wrbitmap, rdbitmapfile, wrbitmapfile)4 1993(balloc, bfree,)1 538 2 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3652 1080 w
10 R f
(allocating, freeing, reading, writing bit\255)4 1642 1 3758 1080 t
(maps)1080 1200 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(#include <u.h>)1 840 1 1080 1488 t
(#include <libc.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1608 t
(#include <libg.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1728 t
(Bitmap *balloc\(Rectangle r, int ldepth\))4 2340 1 1080 1896 t
( *b\))1 240(void bfree\(Bitmap)1 1140 2 1080 2064 t
( *b, int ymin, int ymax, uchar *data\))7 2220(void rdbitmap\(Bitmap)1 1320 2 1080 2232 t
( *b, int ymin, int ymax, uchar *data\))7 2220(void wrbitmap\(Bitmap)1 1320 2 1080 2400 t
(Bitmap *rdbitmapfile\(int fd\))2 1680 1 1080 2568 t
( fd, Bitmap *b\))3 900(void wrbitmapfile\(int)1 1380 2 1080 2736 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2904 t
10 R f
(A new bitmap is allocated with)5 1246 1 1080 3024 t
10 CW f
(balloc)2351 3024 w
10 R f
(; it will have the extent and)6 1088 1 2711 3024 t
10 I f
(ldepth)3824 3024 w
10 R f
(\(log base 2 of the number of bits)7 1301 1 4099 3024 t
(per pixel\) given by its arguments, and will be filled with zeros. The)12 2715 1 1080 3144 t
10 I f
(id)3822 3144 w
10 R f
( to the identi\255)3 539(field will have been set)4 934 2 3927 3144 t
(fying number used by)3 880 1 1080 3264 t
10 CW f
(/dev/bitblt)1987 3264 w
10 R f
(\(see)2674 3264 w
10 I f
(bit)2861 3264 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\), and the)2 494 1 2975 3264 t
10 I f
(cache)3496 3264 w
10 R f
(field will be zero.)3 710 1 3755 3264 t
10 I f
(Balloc)4517 3264 w
10 R f
(returns 0 if the)3 594 1 4806 3264 t
(server has run out of bitmap resources.)6 1549 1 1080 3384 t
10 I f
(Bfree)2679 3384 w
10 R f
(frees the resources used by its argument bitmap.)7 1924 1 2920 3384 t
( exter\255)1 260(The remaining functions deal with moving groups of pixel values between bitmaps and user space or)15 4060 2 1080 3552 t
( is a fixed format for the exchange and storage of bitmap data \(see)13 2640( There)1 282(nal files.)1 344 3 1080 3672 t
10 I f
(bitmap)4371 3672 w
10 R f
(\(6\)\).)4657 3672 w
10 I f
(Rdbitmap)1080 3840 w
10 R f
( from bitmap)2 532(reads rows of pixels)3 813 2 1498 3840 t
10 I f
(b)2873 3840 w
10 R f
(into)2953 3840 w
10 I f
(data)3139 3840 w
10 R f
( rows read have)3 643(. The)1 235 2 3325 3840 t
10 I f
(y)4233 3840 w
10 R f
(=)4285 3840 w
10 I f
(ymin)4349 3840 w
10 R f
(,)4551 3840 w
10 I f
(ymin)4584 3840 w
10 R f
(+1, ...)1 236 1 4786 3840 t
10 I f
(ymax)5052 3840 w
10 S f
(-)5270 3840 w
10 R f
(1.)5325 3840 w
(Those rows must be within the range allowed by)8 1942 1 1080 3960 t
10 I f
(b)3047 3960 w
10 CW f
(.r)3105 3960 w
10 I f
(.)3233 3960 w
10 CW f
(Wrbitmap)1080 4128 w
10 R f
(replaces the specified rows of pixels in bitmap)7 1855 1 1585 4128 t
10 I f
(b)3465 4128 w
10 R f
(with)3540 4128 w
10 I f
(data)3743 4128 w
10 R f
(.)3929 4128 w
10 I f
(Rdbitmapfile)1080 4296 w
10 R f
( file \(see)2 345(creates a bitmap from data contained an external)7 1936 2 1622 4296 t
10 I f
(bitmap)3929 4296 w
10 R f
(\(6\) for the file format\);)4 918 1 4215 4296 t
10 I f
(fd)5159 4296 w
10 R f
(is a)1 137 1 5263 4296 t
( returned bitmap is allocated using)5 1379( The)1 205(file descriptor obtained by opening such a file for reading.)9 2323 3 1080 4416 t
10 I f
(balloc.)5012 4416 w
(Wrbitmapfile)1080 4584 w
10 R f
(writes bitmap)1 555 1 1641 4584 t
10 I f
(b)2229 4584 w
10 R f
(onto file descriptor)2 778 1 2312 4584 t
10 I f
(fd)3124 4584 w
10 R f
( format is as)3 518( The)1 214(, which should be open for writing.)6 1458 3 3210 4584 t
(described for)1 523 1 1080 4704 t
10 I f
(rdbitmapfile)1628 4704 w
10 R f
(.)2131 4704 w
10 I f
(Rdbitmapfile)1080 4872 w
10 R f
(and)1622 4872 w
10 I f
(wrbitmapfile)1791 4872 w
10 R f
(do not close)2 483 1 2328 4872 t
10 I f
(fd)2836 4872 w
10 R f
(.)2922 4872 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5040 t
10 I f
(graphics)1080 5160 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1438 5160 w
10 I f
(bitblt)1604 5160 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1824 5160 w
10 I f
(bit)1990 5160 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)2104 5160 w
10 I f
(bitmap)2270 5160 w
10 R f
(\(6\))2556 5160 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 5328 t
10 R f
(These functions return 0 on failure, usually due to insufficient memory.)10 2857 1 1080 5448 t
(May set)1 319 1 1080 5616 t
10 I f
(errstr.)1424 5616 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5784 t
10 CW f
(Ldepth)1080 5904 w
10 R f
(must be 0, 1, 2, or 3.)6 822 1 1465 5904 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 185)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( BIND)1 4156(BIND \( 2 \))3 384 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(bind, mount, unmount)2 890 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1995 1080 w
10 R f
(change name space)2 769 1 2085 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(int bind\(char *name, char *old, int flag\))6 2460 1 1080 1368 t
(int mount\(int fd, char *old, int flag, char *aname, char *authserv\))10 4020 1 1080 1536 t
(int unmount\(char *name, char *old\))4 2040 1 1080 1704 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 I f
(Bind)1080 1992 w
10 R f
(and)1303 1992 w
10 I f
(mount)1482 1992 w
10 R f
(modify the file name space of the current process and other processes in its name space)15 3633 1 1767 1992 t
(group \(see)1 419 1 1080 2112 t
10 I f
(fork)1525 2112 w
10 R f
( both calls,)2 438(\(2\)\). For)1 364 2 1694 2112 t
10 I f
(old)2522 2112 w
10 R f
( file or directory in the current name space)8 1695(is the name of an existing)5 1029 2 2676 2112 t
( name)1 249( The)1 213(where the modification is to be made.)6 1548 3 1080 2232 t
10 I f
(old)3123 2232 w
10 R f
(is)3284 2232 w
10 I f
(evaluated)3384 2232 w
10 R f
(as described in)2 609 1 3805 2232 t
10 I f
(intro)4447 2232 w
10 R f
(\(2\), except that no)3 750 1 4650 2232 t
(translation of the final path element is done.)7 1759 1 1080 2352 t
(For)1080 2520 w
10 I f
(bind)1248 2520 w
10 R f
(,)1434 2520 w
10 I f
(name)1488 2520 w
10 R f
( name of another \(or possibly the same\) existing file or directory in the current name)15 3449(is the)1 218 2 1733 2520 t
( a successful)2 510(space. After)1 509 2 1080 2640 t
10 I f
(bind)2127 2640 w
10 R f
(call, the file name)3 721 1 2333 2640 t
10 I f
(old)3081 2640 w
10 R f
(is an alias for the object originally named by)8 1797 1 3236 2640 t
10 I f
(name)5060 2640 w
10 R f
(; if)1 116 1 5284 2640 t
(the modification doesn't hide it,)4 1280 1 1080 2760 t
10 I f
(name)2385 2760 w
10 R f
( evaluation of)2 551( The)1 206( refer to its original file.)5 959(will also still)2 518 4 2626 2760 t
10 I f
(new)4886 2760 w
10 R f
(happens)5073 2760 w
(at the time of the)4 677 1 1080 2880 t
10 I f
(bind)1782 2880 w
10 R f
(, not when the binding is later used.)7 1424 1 1968 2880 t
(The)1080 3048 w
10 I f
(fd)1267 3048 w
10 R f
(argument to)1 487 1 1377 3048 t
10 I f
(mount)1896 3048 w
10 R f
( The)1 213( to a file server.)4 655(is a file descriptor of an open network connection or pipe)10 2354 3 2178 3048 t
10 I f
(old)1080 3168 w
10 R f
( a successful)2 514( After)1 266(file must be a directory.)4 975 3 1239 3168 t
10 I f
(mount)3024 3168 w
10 R f
(the file tree)2 464 1 3304 3168 t
10 I f
(served)3798 3168 w
10 R f
(\(see below\) by)2 597 1 4088 3168 t
10 I f
(fd)4715 3168 w
10 R f
(will be visible)2 577 1 4823 3168 t
(with its root directory having name)5 1407 1 1080 3288 t
10 I f
(old)2512 3288 w
10 R f
(.)2648 3288 w
(The)1080 3456 w
10 I f
(flag)1268 3456 w
10 R f
( the following,)2 604( In)1 142(controls details of the modification made to the name space.)9 2474 3 1457 3456 t
10 I f
(new)4711 3456 w
10 R f
(refers to the)2 494 1 4906 3456 t
(file as defined by)3 690 1 1080 3576 t
10 I f
(name)1795 3576 w
10 R f
(or the root directory served by)5 1211 1 2036 3576 t
10 I f
(fd)3272 3576 w
10 R f
( both)1 203(. Either)1 319 2 3358 3576 t
10 I f
(old)3905 3576 w
10 R f
(and new files must be directories,)5 1342 1 4058 3576 t
(or both must not be directories.)5 1249 1 1080 3696 t
10 I f
(Flag)2379 3696 w
10 R f
(can be one of:)3 562 1 2593 3696 t
10 CW f
(MREPL)1080 3864 w
10 R f
(Replace the)1 472 1 1580 3864 t
10 I f
(old)2081 3864 w
10 R f
( an evaluation of)3 683( Henceforth,)1 527(file by the new one.)4 806 3 2238 3864 t
10 I f
(old)4284 3864 w
10 R f
(will be translated to the)4 958 1 4442 3864 t
( they are directories \(for)4 975( If)1 119(new file.)1 352 3 1580 3984 t
10 I f
(mount)3054 3984 w
10 R f
(, this condition is true by definition\),)6 1485 1 3312 3984 t
10 I f
(old)4825 3984 w
10 R f
(becomes a)1 420 1 4980 3984 t
10 I f
(union directory)1 619 1 1580 4104 t
10 R f
(consisting of one directory \(the new file\).)6 1655 1 2224 4104 t
10 CW f
(MBEFORE)1080 4272 w
10 R f
(Both the)1 348 1 1580 4272 t
10 I f
(old)1959 4272 w
10 R f
( directory)1 392( the constituent files of the new)6 1290( Add)1 228(and new files must be directories.)5 1372 4 2118 4272 t
(to the union directory at)4 980 1 1580 4392 t
10 I f
(old)2590 4392 w
10 R f
( an)1 124( After)1 265(so its contents appear first in the union.)7 1606 3 2748 4392 t
10 CW f
(MBEFORE)4773 4392 w
10 I f
(bind)5222 4392 w
10 R f
(or)1580 4512 w
10 I f
(mount,)1703 4512 w
10 R f
( when evaluating file names in the union)7 1735(the new directory will be searched first)6 1647 2 2018 4512 t
(directory.)1580 4632 w
10 CW f
(MAFTER)1080 4800 w
10 R f
(Like)1580 4800 w
10 CW f
(MBEFORE)1788 4800 w
10 R f
(but the new directory goes at the end of the union.)10 2005 1 2233 4800 t
(The flags are defined in)4 963 1 1080 4968 t
10 CW f
(<libc.h>)2072 4968 w
10 R f
( there is an)3 450( addition,)1 382(. In)1 162 3 2552 4968 t
10 CW f
(MCREATE)3576 4968 w
10 R f
(flag that can be OR'd with any of)7 1374 1 4026 4968 t
( a)1 69( When)1 288(the above.)1 410 3 1080 5088 t
10 I f
(create)1872 5088 w
10 R f
(system call \(see)2 632 1 2146 5088 t
10 I f
(open)2803 5088 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) attempts to create in a union directory, and the file does)11 2395 1 3005 5088 t
( one is found with)4 738(not exist, the elements of the union are searched in order until)11 2501 2 1080 5208 t
10 CW f
(MCREATE)4348 5208 w
10 R f
( file is)2 258(set. The)1 345 2 4797 5208 t
(created in that directory; if that attempt fails, the)8 1933 1 1080 5328 t
10 I f
(create)3038 5328 w
10 R f
(fails.)3312 5328 w
(With)1080 5496 w
10 I f
(mount,)1307 5496 w
10 R f
(the file descriptor)2 708 1 1609 5496 t
10 I f
(fd)2344 5496 w
10 R f
( to respond to 9P mes\255)5 912(must be open for reading and writing and prepared)8 2039 2 2449 5496 t
( the)1 148( After)1 261(sages \(see Section 5\).)3 862 3 1080 5616 t
10 I f
(mount,)2377 5616 w
10 R f
(the file tree starting at)4 880 1 2678 5616 t
10 I f
(old)3584 5616 w
10 R f
(is served by a kernel)4 820 1 3738 5616 t
10 I f
(mnt)4583 5616 w
10 R f
( That)1 233(\(3\) device.)1 426 2 4741 5616 t
(device will turn operations in the tree into messages on)9 2227 1 1080 5736 t
10 I f
(fd)3335 5736 w
10 R f
(.)3421 5736 w
10 I f
(Aname)3499 5736 w
10 R f
( file trees on the)4 659(selects among different)2 937 2 3804 5736 t
(server; the null string chooses the default tree.)7 1911 1 1080 5856 t
10 I f
(Authserv)3051 5856 w
10 R f
( is used)2 318( It)1 120(is the textual name of the file server.)7 1521 3 3441 5856 t
(during authentication to assure that)4 1404 1 1080 5976 t
10 I f
(fd)2509 5976 w
10 R f
( If)1 116(is a connection to the intended server.)6 1511 2 2612 5976 t
10 I f
(authserv)4264 5976 w
10 R f
(is the empty string,)3 767 1 4633 5976 t
(no authentication is performed and the empty string is used as the authentication key in the)15 3707 1 1080 6096 t
10 CW f
(attach)4817 6096 w
10 R f
(mes\255)5206 6096 w
(sage \(see)1 362 1 1080 6216 t
10 I f
(auth)1467 6216 w
10 R f
(\(5\) and)1 285 1 1653 6216 t
10 I f
(attach)1963 6216 w
10 R f
(\(5\)\).)2221 6216 w
(The file descriptor)2 737 1 1080 6384 t
10 I f
(fd)1842 6384 w
10 R f
(is automatically closed by a successful)5 1545 1 1945 6384 t
10 I f
(mount)3515 6384 w
10 R f
(call.)3790 6384 w
(The effects of)2 555 1 1080 6552 t
10 I f
(bind)1662 6552 w
10 R f
(and)1867 6552 w
10 I f
(mount)2038 6552 w
10 R f
(can be undone by)3 707 1 2315 6552 t
10 I f
(unmount.)3049 6552 w
10 R f
(If)3451 6552 w
10 I f
(name)3544 6552 w
10 R f
(is zero, everything bound to or mounted)6 1613 1 3787 6552 t
(upon)1080 6672 w
10 I f
(old)1306 6672 w
10 R f
( If)1 117(is unbound or unmounted.)3 1053 2 1460 6672 t
10 I f
(name)2656 6672 w
10 R f
(is not zero, it is evaluated as described above for)9 1949 1 2898 6672 t
10 I f
(bind)4873 6672 w
10 R f
(, and the)2 341 1 5059 6672 t
(effect of binding or mounting that particular result on)8 2136 1 1080 6792 t
10 I f
(old)3241 6792 w
10 R f
(is undone.)1 411 1 3394 6792 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6960 t
10 I f
(bind)1080 7080 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1266 7080 w
10 I f
(intro)1432 7080 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1635 7080 w
10 I f
(fcall)1801 7080 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1987 7080 w
10 I f
(intro)2153 7080 w
10 R f
(\(5\),)2356 7080 w
10 I f
(mnt)2522 7080 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)2680 7080 w
10 I f
(srv)2846 7080 w
10 R f
(\(3\))2976 7080 w
( 186)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( BIND)1 4156(BIND \( 2 \))3 384 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 960 t
10 R f
(These routines set)2 721 1 1080 1080 t
10 I f
(errstr.)1826 1080 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 1248 t
10 I f
(Mount)1080 1368 w
10 R f
( server, so the process doing a)6 1224(will not return until it has successfully attached to the file)10 2328 2 1369 1368 t
10 I f
(mount)4950 1368 w
10 R f
(can\255)5229 1368 w
(not be the one serving.)4 907 1 1080 1488 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 187)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( BIO)1 4228(BIO \( 2 \))3 312 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(Bopen, Binit, Binits, Brdline, Bgetc, Bgetrune, Bgetd, Bungetc, Bungetrune, Bread, Bseek, Boffset,)11 4320 1 1080 1080 t
(Bfildes, Blinelen, Bputc, Bputrune, Bprint, Bwrite, Bflush, Bclose, Bbuffered)8 3110 1 1080 1200 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4215 1200 w
10 R f
(buffered input/output)1 852 1 4305 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(#include <bio.h>)1 960 1 1080 1488 t
(Biobuf*Bopen\(char *file, int mode\))3 2040 1 1080 1656 t
( *bp, int fd, int mode\))5 1380(int Binit\(Biobuf)1 1073 2 1080 1824 t
( *bp, int fd, int mode, uchar *buf, int size\))9 2700(int Binits\(Biobufhdr)1 1313 2 1080 1992 t
( *bp\))1 300(int Bclose\(Biobufhdr)1 1313 2 1080 2160 t
( *bp, char *format, ...\))4 1440(int Bprint\(Biobufhdr)1 1313 2 1080 2328 t
( *bp, int delim\))3 960(void* Brdline\(Biobufhdr)1 1373 2 1080 2496 t
( *bp\))1 300(int Blinelen\(Biobufhdr)1 1433 2 1080 2664 t
( *bp\))1 300(long Boffset\(Biobufhdr)1 1373 2 1080 2832 t
( *bp\))1 300(int Bfildes\(Biobufhdr)1 1373 2 1080 3000 t
( *bp\))1 300(int Bgetc\(Biobufhdr)1 1253 2 1080 3168 t
( *bp\))1 300(long Bgetrune\(Biobufhdr)1 1433 2 1080 3336 t
( *bp, double *d\))3 960(int Bgetd\(Biobufhdr)1 1253 2 1080 3504 t
( *bp\))1 300(int Bungetc\(Biobufhdr)1 1373 2 1080 3672 t
( *bp\))1 300(int Bungetrune\(Biobufhdr)1 1553 2 1080 3840 t
( *bp, long offset, int ptr\))5 1620(long Bseek\(Biobufhdr)1 1253 2 1080 4008 t
( *bp, int c\))3 720(int Bputc\(Biobufhdr)1 1253 2 1080 4176 t
( *bp, long c\))3 780(int Bputrune\(Biobufhdr)1 1433 2 1080 4344 t
( *bp, void *addr, long nbytes\))5 1800(long Bread\(Biobufhdr)1 1253 2 1080 4512 t
( *bp, void *addr, long nbytes\))5 1800(long Bwrite\(Biobufhdr)1 1313 2 1080 4680 t
( *bp\))1 300(int Bflush\(Biobufhdr)1 1313 2 1080 4848 t
( *bp\))1 300(int Bbuffered\(Biobufhdr)1 1493 2 1080 5016 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 5184 t
10 R f
( on different file descriptors is independent.)6 1744( I/O)1 183(These routines implement fast buffered I/O.)5 1752 3 1080 5304 t
10 I f
(Bopen)1080 5472 w
10 R f
(opens)1360 5472 w
10 I f
(file)1618 5472 w
10 R f
(for mode)1 363 1 1771 5472 t
10 CW f
(OREAD)2159 5472 w
10 R f
(or creates for mode)3 772 1 2484 5472 t
10 CW f
(OWRITE)3281 5472 w
10 R f
( calls)1 208(. It)1 136 2 3641 5472 t
10 I f
(malloc)4010 5472 w
10 R f
(\(2\) to allocate a buffer.)4 916 1 4290 5472 t
10 I f
(Binit)1080 5640 w
10 R f
(initializes a standard size buffer, type)5 1566 1 1315 5640 t
10 I f
(Biobuf,)2921 5640 w
10 R f
( in by the user.)4 655(with the open file descriptor passed)5 1492 2 3253 5640 t
10 I f
(Binits)1080 5760 w
10 R f
(initializes a non\255standard size buffer, type)5 1709 1 1346 5760 t
10 I f
(Biobufhdr,)3087 5760 w
10 R f
( area, and)2 396(with the open file descriptor, buffer)5 1454 2 3550 5760 t
(buffer size passed in by the user.)6 1305 1 1080 5880 t
10 I f
(Biobuf)2435 5880 w
10 R f
(and)2727 5880 w
10 I f
(Biobufhdr)2896 5880 w
10 R f
(are related by the declaration:)4 1185 1 3327 5880 t
10 CW f
(typedef struct Biobuf Biobuf;)3 1740 1 1440 6048 t
(struct Biobuf)1 780 1 1440 6168 t
({)1440 6288 w
(Biobufhdr;)1793 6408 w
(uchar b[Bungetsize+Bsize];)1 1560 1 1793 6528 t
(};)1440 6648 w
10 R f
( our compiler, arguments of types pointer to Biobuf and pointer to Biobufhdr)12 3126(Because of type promotion in)4 1194 2 1080 6816 t
(can be used interchangeably in the following routines.)7 2163 1 1080 6936 t
10 I f
(Bopen, Binit,)1 530 1 1080 7104 t
10 R f
(or)1640 7104 w
10 I f
(Binits)1753 7104 w
10 R f
(should be called before any of the other routines on that buffer.)11 2588 1 2017 7104 t
10 I f
(Bfildes)4661 7104 w
10 R f
(returns the)1 430 1 4970 7104 t
(integer file descriptor of the associated open file.)7 1951 1 1080 7224 t
( 188)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( BIO)1 4228(BIO \( 2 \))3 312 3 720 480 t
10 I f
(Bclose)1080 960 w
10 R f
(flushes the buffer for)3 866 1 1380 960 t
10 I f
(bp)2280 960 w
10 R f
( the buffer was allocated by)5 1155(. If)1 151 2 2388 960 t
10 I f
(Bopen)3729 960 w
10 R f
(, the buffer is)3 562 1 3992 960 t
10 I f
(freed)4589 960 w
10 R f
(and the file is)3 571 1 4829 960 t
(closed.)1080 1080 w
10 I f
(Brdline)1080 1248 w
10 R f
( from the file associated with)5 1212(reads a string)2 550 2 1414 1248 t
10 I f
(bp)3211 1248 w
10 R f
(up to and including the first)5 1158 1 3346 1248 t
10 I f
(delim)4539 1248 w
10 R f
(character. The)1 604 1 4796 1248 t
( at the end of the line is not altered.)9 1436(delim character)1 621 2 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(Brdline)3190 1368 w
10 R f
(returns a pointer to the start of the line or)9 1666 1 3518 1368 t
10 CW f
(0)5212 1368 w
10 R f
(on)5300 1368 w
(end\255of\255file or read error.)3 976 1 1080 1488 t
10 I f
(Blinelen)2107 1488 w
10 R f
( string returned)2 614(returns the length \(including the delim\) of the most recent)9 2320 2 2466 1488 t
(by)1080 1608 w
10 I f
(Brdline)1205 1608 w
10 R f
(.)1513 1608 w
10 I f
(Bgetc)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(returns the next character from)4 1233 1 1333 1776 t
10 I f
(bp)2592 1776 w
10 R f
(, or a negative value at end of file.)8 1371 1 2700 1776 t
10 I f
(Bungetc)4122 1776 w
10 R f
(may be called immedi\255)3 924 1 4476 1776 t
(ately after)1 401 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(Bgetc)1506 1896 w
10 R f
(to allow the same character to be reread.)7 1611 1 1758 1896 t
10 I f
(Bgetrune)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(calls)1472 2064 w
10 I f
(Bgetc)1681 2064 w
10 R f
(to read the bytes of the next)6 1121 1 1935 2064 t
9 R f
(UTF)3081 2064 w
10 R f
(sequence in the input stream and returns the value of)9 2122 1 3278 2064 t
( returns a negative value at end of file.)8 1572( It)1 116(the rune represented by the sequence.)5 1520 3 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(Bungetrune)4343 2184 w
10 R f
(may be called)2 562 1 4838 2184 t
(immediately after)1 709 1 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(Bgetrune)1816 2304 w
10 R f
(to allow the same)3 708 1 2209 2304 t
9 R f
(UTF)2942 2304 w
10 R f
( or a rune.)3 413(sequence to be reread as either bytes)6 1468 2 3139 2304 t
10 I f
(Bungetc)5073 2304 w
10 R f
(and)1080 2424 w
10 I f
(Bungetrune)1249 2424 w
10 R f
(may back up a maximum of five bytes.)7 1559 1 1740 2424 t
10 I f
(Bgetd)1080 2592 w
10 R f
(uses)1338 2592 w
10 I f
(charstod)1535 2592 w
10 R f
(\(see)1910 2592 w
10 I f
(atof)2095 2592 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) and)1 318 1 2259 2592 t
10 I f
(Bgetc)2602 2592 w
10 R f
(to read the formatted floating\255point number in the input stream,)9 2545 1 2855 2592 t
( value is stored in)4 705( The)1 205(skipping initial blanks and tabs.)4 1270 3 1080 2712 t
10 CW f
(*d.)3285 2712 w
10 I f
(Bread)1080 2880 w
10 R f
(reads)1352 2880 w
10 I f
(nbytes)1590 2880 w
10 R f
(of data from)2 499 1 1873 2880 t
10 I f
(bp)2400 2880 w
10 R f
(into memory starting at)3 945 1 2528 2880 t
10 I f
(addr)3501 2880 w
10 R f
( read is returned on)4 786( number of bytes)3 683(. The)1 233 3 3698 2880 t
(success and a negative value is returned if a read error occurred.)11 2557 1 1080 3000 t
10 I f
(Bseek)1080 3168 w
10 R f
(applies)1340 3168 w
10 I f
(seek)1651 3168 w
10 R f
(\(2\) to)1 222 1 1830 3168 t
10 I f
(bp)2080 3168 w
10 R f
( returns the new file offset.)5 1090(. It)1 139 2 2188 3168 t
10 I f
(Boffset)3470 3168 w
10 R f
(returns the file offset of the next charac\255)7 1624 1 3776 3168 t
(ter to be processed.)3 770 1 1080 3288 t
10 I f
(Bputc)1080 3456 w
10 R f
(outputs the low order 8 bits of)6 1205 1 1338 3456 t
10 I f
(c)2568 3456 w
10 R f
(on)2637 3456 w
10 I f
(bp)2762 3456 w
10 R f
( this causes a)3 524(. If)1 141 2 2870 3456 t
10 I f
(write)3560 3456 w
10 R f
( there is an error, a negative)6 1116(to occur and)2 493 2 3791 3456 t
( a zero is returned.)4 739( Otherwise,)1 485(value is returned.)2 690 3 1080 3576 t
10 I f
(Bputrune)1080 3744 w
10 R f
(calls)1477 3744 w
10 I f
(Bputc)1685 3744 w
10 R f
(to output the low order 16 bits of)7 1319 1 1943 3744 t
10 I f
(c)3287 3744 w
10 R f
(as a rune in)3 457 1 3356 3744 t
9 R f
(UTF)3836 3744 w
10 R f
(format on the output stream.)4 1135 1 4031 3744 t
10 I f
(Bprint)1080 3912 w
10 R f
( interface to)2 496(is a buffered)2 516 2 1370 3912 t
10 I f
(print)2417 3912 w
10 R f
( this causes a)3 554(\(2\). If)1 267 2 2620 3912 t
10 I f
(write)3476 3912 w
10 R f
(to occur and there is an error, a negative)8 1683 1 3717 3912 t
(value \()1 274 1 1080 4032 t
10 CW f
(Beof)1354 4032 w
10 R f
( the number of bytes output is returned.)7 1576( Otherwise,)1 485(\) is returned.)2 507 3 1594 4032 t
10 I f
(Bwrite)1080 4200 w
10 R f
(outputs)1377 4200 w
10 I f
(nbytes)1702 4200 w
10 R f
(of data starting at)3 711 1 1987 4200 t
10 I f
(addr)2728 4200 w
10 R f
(to)2947 4200 w
10 I f
(bp)3055 4200 w
10 R f
( causes a)2 366( this)1 175(. If)1 146 3 3163 4200 t
10 I f
(write)3881 4200 w
10 R f
(to occur and there is an error, a)7 1282 1 4118 4200 t
( the number of bytes written is returned.)7 1603( Otherwise,)1 485(negative value is returned.)3 1053 3 1080 4320 t
10 I f
(Bflush)1080 4488 w
10 R f
(causes any buffered output associated with)5 1750 1 1369 4488 t
10 I f
(bp)3152 4488 w
10 R f
( return is as for)4 640( The)1 213(to be written.)2 546 3 3285 4488 t
10 I f
(Bputc)4718 4488 w
10 R f
(.)4959 4488 w
10 I f
(Bflush)5043 4488 w
10 R f
(is)5333 4488 w
(called on exit for every buffer still open for writing.)9 2068 1 1080 4608 t
10 I f
(Bbuffered)1080 4776 w
10 R f
( of bytes still avail\255)4 800( reading, this is the number)5 1118( When)1 294(returns the number of bytes in the buffer.)7 1683 4 1505 4776 t
(able from the last read on the file; when writing, it is the number of bytes ready to be written.)19 3725 1 1080 4896 t
(The macros)1 475 1 1080 5064 t
10 I f
(BGETC)1587 5064 w
10 R f
(,)1912 5064 w
10 I f
(BPUTC)1969 5064 w
10 R f
(,)2294 5064 w
10 I f
(BOFFSET)2351 5064 w
10 R f
(,)2781 5064 w
10 I f
(BFILDES)2838 5064 w
10 R f
(, and)1 201 1 3240 5064 t
10 I f
(BLINELEN)3473 5064 w
10 R f
(are provided as fast versions of the)6 1433 1 3967 5064 t
(corresponding routines.)1 943 1 1080 5184 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5352 t
10 I f
(open)1080 5472 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1282 5472 w
10 I f
(print)1448 5472 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1651 5472 w
10 I f
(exits)1817 5472 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2008 5472 w
10 I f
(utf)2174 5472 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)2288 5472 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 5640 t
10 I f
(Bio)1080 5760 w
10 R f
(routines that return integers yield)4 1330 1 1245 5760 t
10 CW f
(Beof)2601 5760 w
10 R f
(if)2867 5760 w
10 I f
(bp)2954 5760 w
10 R f
(is not the descriptor of an open file.)7 1427 1 3080 5760 t
10 I f
(Bopen)4558 5760 w
10 R f
(returns zero if)2 561 1 4839 5760 t
( routines set)2 483( All)1 178(the file cannot be opened in the given mode.)8 1772 3 1080 5880 t
10 I f
(errstr)3538 5880 w
10 R f
(on error.)1 343 1 3791 5880 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6048 t
10 I f
(Brdline)1080 6168 w
10 R f
(returns an error on strings longer than the buffer associated with the file and also if the end\255of\255file)17 3990 1 1410 6168 t
(is encountered before a delimiter.)4 1354 1 1080 6288 t
10 I f
(Blinelen)2488 6288 w
10 R f
(will tell how many characters should be skipped in these cases.)10 2551 1 2849 6288 t
(In the case of a true end\255of\255file,)6 1259 1 1080 6408 t
10 I f
(Blinelen)2364 6408 w
10 R f
(will return zero.)2 640 1 2722 6408 t
(The data returned by)3 828 1 1080 6576 t
10 I f
(Brdline)1933 6576 w
10 R f
(may be overwritten by calls to any other)7 1611 1 2258 6576 t
10 I f
(bio)3894 6576 w
10 R f
(routine on the same)3 785 1 4047 6576 t
10 I f
(bp.)4857 6576 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 189)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2G \))3 212( BITBLT)1 3906(BITBLT \( 2G \))3 562 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( disc, ellipse, texture, border, string, str\255)6 1637(bitblt, bitbltclip, clipline, point, segment, polysegment, arc, circle,)7 2683 2 1080 1080 t
(size, strwidth, Fcode)2 827 1 1080 1200 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1932 1200 w
10 R f
(graphics functions)1 735 1 2022 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(#include <u.h>)1 840 1 1080 1488 t
(#include <libg.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1608 t
( *db, Point dp, Bitmap *sb,)5 1620(void bitblt\(Bitmap)1 1140 2 1080 1776 t
(Rectangle sr, Fcode f\))3 1320 1 1680 1896 t
( *\))1 180(int bitbltclip\(void)1 1260 2 1080 2064 t
( r, Point *p0, Point *p1\))5 1500(int clipline\(Rectangle)1 1440 2 1080 2232 t
( *b, Point p, int v, Fcode f\))7 1740(void point\(Bitmap)1 1080 2 1080 2400 t
( *b, Point p, Point q, int v, Fcode f\))9 2280(void segment\(Bitmap)1 1200 2 1080 2568 t
( *b, int n, Point *pp, int v, Fcode f\))9 2280(void polysegment\(Bitmap)1 1440 2 1080 2736 t
( *b, Point p, int r, int v, Fcode f\))9 2160(void circle\(Bitmap)1 1140 2 1080 2904 t
( *b, Point p, int r, int v, Fcode\))8 2040(void disc\(Bitmap)1 1020 2 1080 3072 t
( *b, Point p0, Point p1, Point p2, int v, Fcode f\))11 3000(void arc\(Bitmap)1 960 2 1080 3240 t
( *b, Point p, int a, int b, int v, Fcode f\))11 2580(void ellipse\(Bitmap)1 1200 2 1080 3408 t
( *b, Rectangle r, Bitmap *t, Fcode f\))7 2220(void texture\(Bitmap)1 1200 2 1080 3576 t
( *b, Rectangle r, int w, Fcode f\))7 1980(void border\(Bitmap)1 1140 2 1080 3744 t
(Point string\(Bitmap *b, Point p, Font *ft, char *s, Fcode f\))10 3600 1 1080 3912 t
(Point strsize\(Font *ft, char *s\))4 1920 1 1080 4080 t
( *ft, char *s\))3 840(long strwidth\(Font)1 1140 2 1080 4248 t
(enum Fcode {)2 720 1 1080 4416 t
( notS,)1 360( DandnotS,)1 780(Zero, DnorS,)1 960 3 1480 4536 t
( DnandS,)1 660( DxorS,)1 660(notDandS, notD,)1 900 3 1480 4656 t
( DornotS,)1 960( D,)1 300(DandS, DxnorS,)1 1020 3 1480 4776 t
( F,)1 420( DorS,)1 420(S, notDorS,)1 1080 3 1480 4896 t
(} Fcode;)1 480 1 1080 5016 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 5184 t
10 I f
(Bitblt)1080 5304 w
10 R f
(\(bit\255block transfer\) takes bits from rectangle)5 1785 1 1332 5304 t
10 I f
(sr)3146 5304 w
10 R f
(in the)1 229 1 3253 5304 t
10 I f
(source)3511 5304 w
10 R f
(Bitmap)3806 5304 w
10 I f
(sb)4130 5304 w
10 R f
( them on a con\255)4 641(and overlays)1 511 2 4248 5304 t
( with the)2 372(gruent rectangle)1 657 2 1080 5424 t
10 CW f
(min)2145 5424 w
10 R f
(corner at point)2 604 1 2361 5424 t
10 I f
(dp)3001 5424 w
10 R f
(in the)1 236 1 3137 5424 t
10 I f
(destination)3409 5424 w
10 R f
(bitmap,)3890 5424 w
10 I f
(db)4229 5424 w
10 R f
(. The)1 241 1 4337 5424 t
10 I f
(f)4614 5424 w
10 R f
(parameter defines)1 722 1 4678 5424 t
( sixteen codes in)3 675( The)1 209( the source and destination pixels.)5 1374(each destination pixel as a function of)6 1532 4 1080 5544 t
10 CW f
(Fcode)4899 5544 w
10 R f
(give)5228 5544 w
(all possible boolean operations on the source)6 1852 1 1080 5664 t
10 CW f
(S)2967 5664 w
10 R f
(and destination)1 617 1 3061 5664 t
10 CW f
(D)3712 5664 w
10 R f
( code values may be expressed as)6 1389(. The)1 239 2 3772 5664 t
(boolean operations on the values)4 1329 1 1080 5784 t
10 CW f
(S)2439 5784 w
10 R f
(and)2529 5784 w
10 CW f
(D.)2703 5784 w
10 R f
(For example,)1 533 1 2879 5784 t
10 CW f
(D|S)3443 5784 w
10 R f
(computes the result as the logical)5 1359 1 3654 5784 t
10 I f
(or)5044 5784 w
10 R f
(of the)1 236 1 5164 5784 t
( bit deep,)2 377( pixels are more than one)5 1031( If)1 121(destination pixel's old value and the overlaying source pixel's value.)9 2791 4 1080 5904 t
( The)1 210(the operations are bitwise.)3 1063 2 1080 6024 t
10 CW f
(Zero)2383 6024 w
10 R f
(and)2653 6024 w
10 CW f
(F)2827 6024 w
10 R f
( or all ones,)3 484(codes result in new pixel values that are all zeros)9 1999 2 2917 6024 t
(respectively.)1080 6144 w
( depths, the source rectangle is first converted to have)9 2217(If the source and destination bitmaps have different)7 2103 2 1080 6312 t
( as follows: conversion to a smaller number of bits per pixel is accom\255)13 2927(the same depth as the destination,)5 1393 2 1080 6432 t
( of high order bits; conversion to a larger number of bits per pixel is)14 2811(plished by taking the desired number)5 1509 2 1080 6552 t
( the high order bits, and replicating it as many times as neces\255)12 2502(accomplished by putting the small value into)6 1818 2 1080 6672 t
(sary to fill the lower order bits.)6 1240 1 1080 6792 t
( destination bitmaps, so that)4 1144(All of the drawing graphics functions clip the rectangle against the source and)12 3176 2 1080 6960 t
( changed and none are changed that would have come from)10 2471(only pixels within the destination bitmap are)6 1849 2 1080 7080 t
(areas outside the source bitmap.)4 1286 1 1080 7200 t
10 I f
(Bitbltclip)2418 7200 w
10 R f
( a)1 72(takes a pointer to the first argument of)7 1542 2 2818 7200 t
10 I f
(bitblt)4460 7200 w
10 R f
(argument list and)2 700 1 4700 7200 t
( 190)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2G \))3 212( BITBLT)1 3906(BITBLT \( 2G \))3 562 3 720 480 t
(clips)1080 960 w
10 I f
(dp)1297 960 w
10 R f
(and)1425 960 w
10 I f
(sr)1597 960 w
10 R f
( resulting)1 377(so the)1 239 2 1703 960 t
10 I f
(bitblt)2346 960 w
10 R f
( returns one if the)4 712( It)1 113(is confined to the source and destination bitmaps.)7 1990 3 2585 960 t
(x and y dimensions of the resulting)6 1405 1 1080 1080 t
10 I f
(bitblt)2510 1080 w
10 R f
(are positive; zero otherwise.)3 1125 1 2747 1080 t
10 I f
(Point)1080 1248 w
10 R f
( point)1 233(changes the value of the destination)5 1433 2 1323 1248 t
10 I f
(p)3016 1248 w
10 R f
(in bitmap)1 383 1 3093 1248 t
10 I f
(b)3503 1248 w
10 R f
(according to function code)3 1073 1 3580 1248 t
10 I f
(f)4680 1248 w
10 R f
( source is a)3 452(. The)1 232 2 4716 1248 t
(pixel with value)2 644 1 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(v)1749 1368 w
10 R f
( constant)1 358(. The)1 230 2 1801 1368 t
10 CW f
(~0)2414 1368 w
10 R f
(represents the maximum pixel value.)4 1473 1 2559 1368 t
10 I f
(Segment)1080 1536 w
10 R f
(,)1426 1536 w
10 I f
(circle)1478 1536 w
10 R f
(,)1713 1536 w
10 I f
(disc)1765 1536 w
10 R f
(, and)1 196 1 1934 1536 t
10 I f
(ellipse)2157 1536 w
10 R f
(all draw in bitmap)3 736 1 2445 1536 t
10 I f
(b)3208 1536 w
10 R f
(with function code)2 753 1 3285 1536 t
10 I f
(f)4065 1536 w
10 R f
(and a source pixel with value)5 1182 1 4121 1536 t
10 I f
(v.)5331 1536 w
(Arc)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(draws a circular arc centered on)5 1289 1 1253 1656 t
10 I f
(p0,)2571 1656 w
10 R f
(traveling clockwise from)2 1006 1 2725 1656 t
10 I f
(p1)3760 1656 w
10 R f
(to)3889 1656 w
10 I f
(p2)3996 1656 w
10 R f
(or a point on the circle near)6 1121 1 4125 1656 t
10 I f
(p2.)5275 1656 w
(Segment)1080 1776 w
10 R f
( bitmap)1 307(draws a line segment in)4 955 2 1446 1776 t
10 I f
(b)2737 1776 w
10 R f
(from point)1 429 1 2816 1776 t
10 I f
(p)3274 1776 w
10 R f
(to)3353 1776 w
10 I f
(q)3460 1776 w
10 R f
( segment is half\255open:)3 897(. The)1 234 2 3518 1776 t
10 I f
(p)4678 1776 w
10 R f
(is the first point)3 643 1 4757 1776 t
(of the segment and)3 787 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(q)1902 1896 w
10 R f
( point beyond the segment, so adjacent segments sharing endpoints abut.)10 2993(is the first)2 420 2 1987 1896 t
10 I f
(Polysegment)1080 2016 w
10 R f
(draws the)1 391 1 1621 2016 t
10 I f
(n)2043 2016 w
10 S1 f
(\261)2101 2016 w
10 R f
(1 segments joining the)3 921 1 2166 2016 t
10 I f
(n)3118 2016 w
10 R f
( by)1 132(points in the array pointed to)5 1182 2 3199 2016 t
10 I f
(pp. Clipline)1 480 1 4545 2016 t
10 R f
(clips the)1 343 1 5057 2016 t
(line segment from *)3 811 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(p0)1899 2136 w
10 R f
(to *)1 156 1 2027 2136 t
10 I f
(p1)2191 2136 w
10 R f
(\()2319 2136 w
10 I f
(p0)2360 2136 w
10 R f
(is closed,)1 375 1 2488 2136 t
10 I f
(p1)2891 2136 w
10 R f
(is open\) to rectangle)3 821 1 3019 2136 t
10 I f
(r)3868 2136 w
10 R f
(, adjusting)1 420 1 3915 2136 t
10 I f
(p0)4363 2136 w
10 R f
(and)4491 2136 w
10 I f
(p1)4663 2136 w
10 R f
( the seg\255)2 342(so that)1 267 2 4791 2136 t
(ment is within the rectangle and *)6 1360 1 1080 2256 t
10 I f
(p1)2448 2256 w
10 R f
( returns 0 if none of the segment is in the rectangle, 1 oth\255)13 2339( It)1 113(is closed.)1 374 3 2574 2256 t
(erwise.)1080 2376 w
10 I f
(Circle)1080 2544 w
10 R f
(draws a circle with radius)4 1069 1 1366 2544 t
10 I f
(r)2471 2544 w
10 R f
(and center at point)3 773 1 2546 2544 t
10 I f
(p)3355 2544 w
10 R f
(.)3413 2544 w
10 I f
(Disc)3500 2544 w
10 R f
(is the same except that it fills the circle.)8 1680 1 3720 2544 t
10 I f
(Ellipse)1080 2664 w
10 R f
(draws an ellipse with horizontal semi\255axis)5 1684 1 1383 2664 t
10 I f
(a)3092 2664 w
10 R f
(and vertical semi\255axis)2 876 1 3167 2664 t
10 I f
(b.)4068 2664 w
(Border)1080 2832 w
10 R f
( function)1 365(draws, with)1 472 2 1394 2832 t
10 I f
(f)2263 2832 w
10 R f
(in bitmap)1 388 1 2323 2832 t
10 I f
(b)2743 2832 w
10 R f
(, the rectangular outline with lines of width)7 1775 1 2801 2832 t
10 I f
(w)4608 2832 w
10 R f
(fitting just inside)2 693 1 4707 2832 t
(rectangle)1080 2952 w
10 I f
(r)1470 2952 w
10 R f
(.)1517 2952 w
10 I f
(Texture)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(draws, with function)2 828 1 1412 3120 t
10 I f
(f)2267 3120 w
10 R f
(in bitmap)1 383 1 2322 3120 t
10 I f
(b)2732 3120 w
10 R f
(, a texture using the bitmap specified by)7 1612 1 2790 3120 t
10 I f
(t)4429 3120 w
10 R f
( texture bitmap is)3 703(. The)1 232 2 4465 3120 t
(aligned on)1 424 1 1080 3240 t
10 I f
(b)1534 3240 w
10 R f
( then)1 201('s coordinate system so that \(0,0\) in both coordinate systems coincide, and)11 3032 2 1592 3240 t
10 I f
(t)4854 3240 w
10 R f
(is replicated)1 489 1 4911 3240 t
(to form a tiling of)4 727 1 1080 3360 t
10 I f
(b)1837 3360 w
10 R f
( tiling is clipped to rectangle)5 1166(. The)1 235 2 1895 3360 t
10 I f
(r)3326 3360 w
10 R f
(in)3395 3360 w
10 I f
(b)3503 3360 w
10 R f
(, and then transferred to)4 970 1 3561 3360 t
10 I f
(b)4561 3360 w
10 R f
(using the specified)2 759 1 4641 3360 t
(function.)1080 3480 w
10 I f
(String)1080 3648 w
10 R f
(draws the text characters given by the null\255terminated)7 2169 1 1353 3648 t
9 R f
(UTF)3548 3648 w
10 R f
(string)3746 3648 w
10 I f
(s)4002 3648 w
10 R f
(into bitmap)1 463 1 4070 3648 t
10 I f
(b)4562 3648 w
10 R f
(, using font)2 461 1 4620 3648 t
10 I f
(ft.)5110 3648 w
10 R f
(The)5245 3648 w
(upper left corner of the first character \(i.e., a point that is)11 2398 1 1080 3768 t
10 I f
(ft)3515 3768 w
10 CW f
(\255>ascent)3579 3768 w
10 R f
(above the baseline\) is placed at)5 1304 1 4096 3768 t
(point)1080 3888 w
10 I f
(p)1318 3888 w
10 R f
( right by the previous)4 887(, and subsequent characters are placed on the same baseline, displaced to the)12 3137 2 1376 3888 t
(character's)1080 4008 w
10 CW f
(width)1549 4008 w
10 R f
( individual characters are)3 1029(. The)1 238 2 1849 4008 t
10 I f
(bitblt)3149 4008 w
10 R f
('ed into the destination, using drawing function)6 1938 1 3369 4008 t
10 I f
(f)5339 4008 w
10 R f
(.)5375 4008 w
10 I f
(String)1080 4128 w
10 R f
(returns the point after the final character of)7 1714 1 1350 4128 t
10 I f
(s)3089 4128 w
10 R f
(; this can be outside)4 794 1 3136 4128 t
10 I f
(b)3955 4128 w
10 R f
(if the string was clipped.)4 985 1 4030 4128 t
(The bounding box for text to be drawn with)8 1804 1 1080 4296 t
10 I f
(string)2916 4296 w
10 R f
(in font)1 271 1 3182 4296 t
10 I f
(ft)3485 4296 w
10 R f
(can be found with)3 739 1 3573 4296 t
10 I f
(strsize)4344 4296 w
10 R f
(; it returns the)3 579 1 4608 4296 t
10 CW f
(max)5220 4296 w
10 R f
(point of the bounding box, assuming a)6 1590 1 1080 4416 t
10 CW f
(min)2704 4416 w
10 R f
(point of \(0,0\).)2 573 1 2918 4416 t
10 I f
(Strwidth)3549 4416 w
10 R f
(returns the)1 432 1 3922 4416 t
10 I f
(x)4387 4416 w
10 R f
(\255component of the)2 748 1 4439 4416 t
10 CW f
(max)5220 4416 w
10 R f
(point.)1080 4536 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4704 t
10 I f
(graphics)1080 4824 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1438 4824 w
10 I f
(utf)1604 4824 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1718 4824 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 4992 t
10 R f
(These routines call the graphics error function on fatal errors.)9 2449 1 1080 5112 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 191)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( BRK)1 4194(BRK \( 2 \))3 346 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(brk, sbrk)1 355 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1460 1080 w
10 R f
(change memory allocation)2 1059 1 1550 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
( *addr\))1 420(int brk\(void)1 840 2 1080 1368 t
(void* sbrk\(ulong incr\))2 1320 1 1080 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Brk)1080 1824 w
10 R f
( \(called the break\) to)4 865(sets the system's idea of the lowest non\255stack location not used by the program)13 3277 2 1258 1824 t
10 I f
(addr)1080 1944 w
10 R f
( not less than)3 540( Locations)1 449( the next multiple of 4 bytes.)6 1177(rounded up to)2 567 4 1300 1944 t
10 I f
(addr)4063 1944 w
10 R f
(and below the stack pointer)4 1118 1 4282 1944 t
(may cause a memory violation if accessed.)6 1710 1 1080 2064 t
(In the alternate function)3 980 1 1080 2232 t
10 I f
(sbrk, incr)1 391 1 2093 2232 t
10 R f
( added to the program's data space and a pointer to the)11 2280(more bytes are)2 603 2 2517 2232 t
( occurs as with)3 596( Rounding)1 445(start of the new area is returned.)6 1282 3 1080 2352 t
10 I f
(brk)3428 2352 w
10 R f
(.)3569 2352 w
(When a program begins execution via)5 1546 1 1080 2520 t
10 I f
(exec)2657 2520 w
10 R f
( is set at the highest location defined by the program)10 2162(the break)1 374 2 2864 2520 t
( therefore, only programs with growing data areas need to use)10 2559( Ordinarily,)1 500( storage areas.)2 585(and data)1 345 4 1080 2640 t
10 I f
(brk)5103 2640 w
10 R f
(. A)1 156 1 5244 2640 t
(call to)1 247 1 1080 2760 t
10 I f
(sbrk)1352 2760 w
10 R f
(with a zero argument returns the lowest address in the dynamic segment.)11 2906 1 1549 2760 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2928 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1283 3048 w
10 I f
(malloc)1449 3048 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1729 3048 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 3216 t
10 R f
(These functions set)2 771 1 1080 3336 t
10 I f
(errstr.)1876 3336 w
10 R f
(The error return from)3 855 1 1080 3504 t
10 I f
(sbrk)1960 3504 w
10 R f
(is)2157 3504 w
10 CW f
(\(void *\)\2551)1 600 1 2249 3504 t
10 R f
(.)2849 3504 w
( 192)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2G \))3 212( CACHECHARS)1 3583(CACHECHARS \( 2G \))3 885 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(cachechars, agefont, loadchar, Subfont, Fontchar, Font)5 2184 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3314 1080 w
10 R f
(font utilities)1 487 1 3404 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <u.h>)1 840 1 1080 1368 t
(#include <libc.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1488 t
(#include <libg.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1608 t
( *f, char **s, ushort *c, int n, int *widp\))9 2580(int cachechars\(Font)1 1200 2 1080 1776 t
( *f, Rune r, Cacheinfo *c, int h, int noclr\))9 2640(int loadchar\(Font)1 1080 2 1080 1944 t
(void agefont\(Font *f\))2 1260 1 1080 2112 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2280 t
10 R f
(A)1080 2400 w
10 I f
(Font)1177 2400 w
10 R f
( and bitblt)2 408( graphics library)2 654( The)1 205(may contain too many characters to hold in memory simultaneously.)9 2742 4 1391 2400 t
(device \(see)1 466 1 1080 2520 t
10 I f
(bit)1592 2520 w
10 R f
( a cache of recently used character)6 1491(\(3\)\) cooperate to solve this problem by maintaining)7 2203 2 1706 2520 t
( by most programs:)3 790( details of this cooperation need not be known)8 1874(images. The)1 517 3 1080 2640 t
10 I f
(binit)4291 2640 w
10 R f
(and its associated)2 709 1 4505 2640 t
10 I f
(font)5244 2640 w
10 R f
(variable,)1080 2760 w
10 I f
(rdfontfile, charwidth, string,)2 1164 1 1464 2760 t
10 R f
(and)2666 2760 w
10 I f
(ffree)2848 2760 w
10 R f
( routines described)2 778( The)1 217(are sufficient for most purposes.)4 1337 3 3068 2760 t
(below are used internally by the graphics library to maintain the font cache.)12 3019 1 1080 2880 t
(A)1080 3048 w
10 CW f
(Subfont)1177 3048 w
10 R f
( set of images for a contiguous range of characters, stored as a single bitmap with the char\255)17 3642(is a)1 136 2 1622 3048 t
( is described by the following data structures.)7 1814( It)1 111(acters placed side\255by\255side on a common baseline.)6 1976 3 1080 3168 t
10 CW f
(typedef)1440 3336 w
(struct Fontchar {)2 1020 1 1440 3456 t
( left edge of bits */)5 1260( /*)1 600(ushort x;)1 660 3 1740 3576 t
( first non\255zero scan\255line */)4 1680( /*)1 480(uchar top;)1 780 3 1740 3696 t
( last non\255zero scan\255line */)4 1620( /*)1 300(uchar bottom;)1 960 3 1740 3816 t
( offset of baseline */)4 1320(char left; /*)2 1260 2 1740 3936 t
( width of baseline */)4 1260(uchar width; /*)2 1260 2 1740 4056 t
(} Fontchar;)1 660 1 1440 4176 t
(typedef)1440 4416 w
(struct Subfont {)2 960 1 1440 4536 t
( number of chars in subfont */)6 1800( /*)1 600(short n;)1 660 3 1740 4656 t
( height of bitmap */)4 1200( /*)1 300(char height;)1 960 3 1740 4776 t
( top of bitmap to baseline */)6 1740( /*)1 300(char ascent;)1 960 3 1740 4896 t
( n+1 Fontchars */)3 1020( /*)1 360(Fontchar *info;)1 900 3 1740 5016 t
( id as known in /dev/bitblt */)6 1800( /*)1 540(int id;)1 720 3 1740 5136 t
(} Font;)1 420 1 1440 5256 t
10 R f
( fills the rectangle)3 736(The bitmap)1 463 2 1080 5424 t
10 CW f
(\(0, 0,)1 366 1 2345 5424 t
10 I f
(w)2777 5424 w
10 CW f
(, height\))1 546 1 2844 5424 t
10 R f
(, where)1 299 1 3390 5424 t
10 I f
(w)3720 5424 w
10 R f
(is the sum of the horizontal extents \(of)7 1582 1 3818 5424 t
( character)1 393( pixels to be displayed for)5 1060( The)1 210(non\255zero pixels\) for all characters.)4 1390 4 1080 5544 t
10 I f
(c)4162 5544 w
10 R f
(are in the rectangle)3 773 1 4235 5544 t
10 CW f
(\()5072 5544 w
10 I f
(i)5132 5544 w
10 CW f
(\255>x,)5160 5544 w
10 I f
(i)1080 5664 w
10 CW f
(\255>top, \()1 500 1 1108 5664 t
10 I f
(i)1608 5664 w
10 CW f
(+1\)\255>x,)1636 5664 w
10 I f
(i)2136 5664 w
10 CW f
(\255>bottom\))2164 5664 w
10 R f
(where)2749 5664 w
10 I f
(i)3037 5664 w
10 R f
(is)3110 5664 w
10 CW f
(&subfont\255>info[)3257 5664 w
10 I f
(c)4157 5664 w
10 CW f
(])4201 5664 w
10 R f
( dis\255)1 196( a character is)3 610(. When)1 333 3 4261 5664 t
(played at)1 368 1 1080 5784 t
10 CW f
(Point p)1 390 1 1478 5784 t
10 R f
(in a bitmap, the character rectangle is placed at)8 1915 1 1898 5784 t
10 CW f
(\(p.x+)3842 5784 w
10 I f
(i)4150 5784 w
10 CW f
(\255>left, p.y\))1 689 1 4186 5784 t
10 R f
(and the next)2 496 1 4904 5784 t
(character of the string is displayed at)6 1631 1 1080 5904 t
10 CW f
(\(p.x+)2763 5904 w
10 I f
(i)3071 5904 w
10 CW f
(\255>width, p.y\))1 772 1 3107 5904 t
10 R f
( characters is)2 576( baseline of the)3 688(. The)1 257 3 3879 5904 t
10 CW f
(ascent)1080 6024 w
10 R f
( The)1 210(rows down from the top of the subfont bitmap.)8 1908 2 1470 6024 t
10 CW f
(info)3618 6024 w
10 R f
(array has)1 366 1 3887 6024 t
10 CW f
(n+1)4282 6024 w
10 R f
(elements, one each for)3 909 1 4491 6024 t
(characters 0 to)2 599 1 1080 6144 t
10 CW f
(n\2551)1713 6144 w
10 R f
( the)1 157( Thus)1 260(plus an additional entry so the size of the last character can be calculated.)13 3056 3 1927 6144 t
(width,)1080 6264 w
10 I f
(w,)1358 6264 w
10 R f
(of the)1 230 1 1475 6264 t
10 CW f
(Bitmap)1730 6264 w
10 R f
(associated with a)2 682 1 2115 6264 t
10 CW f
(Subfont s)1 505 1 2822 6264 t
10 R f
(is)3352 6264 w
10 CW f
(s\255>info[s\255>n].x)3444 6264 w
10 R f
(.)4344 6264 w
(A)1080 6432 w
10 CW f
(Font)1186 6432 w
10 R f
( collection of subfonts together with the ranges of)8 2066(consists of an overall height and ascent and a)8 1874 2 1460 6432 t
(runes \(see)1 401 1 1080 6552 t
10 I f
(utf)1506 6552 w
10 R f
( are described by the following structures.)6 1677( Fonts)1 273(\(6\)\) they represent.)2 761 3 1620 6552 t
10 CW f
(typedef)1440 6720 w
(struct Cachefont {)2 1080 1 1440 6840 t
( rune value of 0th char in subfont */)8 2220(Rune min; /*)2 1320 2 1740 6960 t
( rune value+1 of last char in subfont */)8 2400(Rune max; /*)2 1320 2 1740 7080 t
( name has been made absolute */)6 1860( /*)1 480(int abs;)1 840 3 1740 7200 t
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 193)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2G \))3 212( CACHECHARS)1 3583(CACHECHARS \( 2G \))3 885 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(char *name;)1 960 1 1740 960 t
(} Cachefont;)1 720 1 1440 1080 t
(typedef)1440 1320 w
(struct Cacheinfo {)2 1080 1 1440 1440 t
( value of character at this slot in cache */)9 2640( /*)1 360(Rune value;)1 960 3 1740 1560 t
(ushort age;)1 840 1 1740 1680 t
( right edge of bits */)5 1320( /*)1 300(ulong xright;)1 1020 3 1740 1800 t
(Fontchar;)1740 1920 w
(} Cacheinfo;)1 720 1 1440 2040 t
(typedef)1440 2280 w
(struct Cachesubf {)2 1080 1 1440 2400 t
( for replacement */)3 1140( /*)1 480(ulong age;)1 840 3 1740 2520 t
( font info that owns us */)6 1560( /*)1 480(Cachefont *cf;)1 840 3 1740 2640 t
( attached subfont */)3 1200( /*)1 540(Subfont *f;)1 780 3 1740 2760 t
(} Cachesubf;)1 720 1 1440 2880 t
(typedef)1440 3120 w
(struct Font {)2 780 1 1440 3240 t
(char *name;)1 960 1 1740 3360 t
( max height of bitmap, interline spacing */)7 2580( /*)1 300(uchar height;)1 1020 3 1740 3480 t
( top of bitmap to baseline */)6 1740( /*)1 300(char ascent;)1 1020 3 1740 3600 t
( widest so far; used in caching only */)8 2340( /*)1 360(char width;)1 960 3 1740 3720 t
( of images */)3 780( /*)1 300(char ldepth;)1 1020 3 1740 3840 t
( of font */)3 660( /*)1 540(short id;)1 780 3 1740 3960 t
( number of subfonts */)4 1320(short nsub; /*)2 1320 2 1740 4080 t
( increasing counter; used for LRU */)6 2160( /*)1 480(ulong age;)1 840 3 1740 4200 t
( size of cache */)4 1020( /*)1 300(int ncache;)1 1020 3 1740 4320 t
( size of subfont list */)5 1440( /*)1 360(int nsubf;)1 960 3 1740 4440 t
(Cacheinfo *cache;)1 1020 1 1740 4560 t
(Cachesubf *subf;)1 960 1 1740 4680 t
( as read from file */)5 1260( /*)1 360(Cachefont **sub;)1 960 3 1740 4800 t
(} Font;)1 420 1 1440 4920 t
10 R f
(The)1080 5088 w
10 CW f
(height)1273 5088 w
10 R f
(,)1633 5088 w
10 CW f
(ascent)1696 5088 w
10 R f
(, and)1 208 1 2056 5088 t
10 CW f
(ldepth)2303 5088 w
10 R f
(fields of Font are described in)5 1265 1 2702 5088 t
10 I f
(graphics)4006 5088 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)4364 5088 w
10 CW f
(Sub)4569 5088 w
10 R f
(contains)4788 5088 w
10 CW f
(nsub)5160 5088 w
10 R f
(pointers to)1 440 1 1080 5208 t
10 CW f
(Cachefonts)1560 5208 w
10 R f
(. A)1 162 1 2160 5208 t
10 CW f
(Cachefont)2362 5208 w
10 R f
(connects runes)1 604 1 2941 5208 t
10 CW f
(min)3584 5208 w
10 R f
(through)3803 5208 w
10 CW f
(max)4153 5208 w
10 R f
(, inclusive, to the subfont)4 1067 1 4333 5208 t
(with file name)2 577 1 1080 5328 t
10 CW f
(name)1682 5328 w
10 R f
(; it corresponds to a line of the file describing the font.)11 2175 1 1922 5328 t
(The image for rune)3 767 1 1080 5496 t
10 I f
(r)1872 5496 w
10 R f
(is found in position)3 776 1 1936 5496 t
10 I f
(r)2737 5496 w
10 S f
(-)2776 5496 w
10 CW f
(min)2831 5496 w
10 R f
(of the subfont.)2 580 1 3036 5496 t
( cache)1 255(For each font, the library, with support from the graphics server, maintains a cache of subfonts and a)17 4065 2 1080 5664 t
( The)1 213(of recently used character images.)4 1391 2 1080 5784 t
10 CW f
(subf)2717 5784 w
10 R f
(and)2989 5784 w
10 CW f
(cache)3165 5784 w
10 R f
(fields are used by the library to maintain these)8 1903 1 3497 5784 t
(caches. The)1 509 1 1080 5904 t
10 CW f
(width)1628 5904 w
10 R f
( is the maximum of the horizontal extents of the characters in the cache.)13 3067(of a font)2 366 2 1967 5904 t
10 I f
(String)1080 6024 w
10 R f
( and emitting a sequence of cache indices to draw.)9 2060(draws a string by loading the cache)6 1450 2 1357 6024 t
10 I f
(Cachechars)4923 6024 w
10 R f
(guarantees the images for the characters pointed to by)8 2166 1 1080 6144 t
10 I f
(*s)3273 6144 w
10 R f
(are in the cache of)4 738 1 3389 6144 t
10 I f
(f.)4154 6144 w
10 R f
(It calls)1 271 1 4234 6144 t
10 I f
(loadchar)4532 6144 w
10 R f
(to put miss\255)2 479 1 4921 6144 t
(ing characters into the cache.)4 1172 1 1080 6264 t
10 I f
(Cachechars)2305 6264 w
10 R f
(translates the character string into a set of cache indices which it)11 2591 1 2809 6264 t
(loads into the array)3 771 1 1080 6384 t
10 I f
(c,)1877 6384 w
10 R f
(up to a maximum of)4 815 1 1972 6384 t
10 I f
(n)2813 6384 w
10 R f
( string.)1 280(indices or the length of the)5 1073 2 2889 6384 t
10 I f
(Cachechars)4294 6384 w
10 R f
(returns in)1 382 1 4798 6384 t
10 I f
(c)5207 6384 w
10 R f
(the)5278 6384 w
( indices emitted, updates)3 988(number of cache)2 666 2 1080 6504 t
10 I f
(*s)2759 6504 w
10 R f
(to point to the next character to be processed, and sets)10 2154 1 2873 6504 t
10 I f
(*widp)5052 6504 w
10 R f
(to)5322 6504 w
( characters processed.)2 879(the total width of the)4 845 2 1080 6624 t
10 I f
(Cachechars)2858 6624 w
10 R f
(may return before the end of the string if it cannot)10 2036 1 3364 6624 t
( can return zero if it is unable to make progress)10 1999( It)1 123( active data in the caches.)5 1079(proceed without destroying)2 1119 4 1080 6744 t
(because it is unable to resize the caches.)7 1601 1 1080 6864 t
10 I f
(Loadchar)1080 7032 w
10 R f
( loads the subfont contain\255)4 1076( if necessary, it)3 613( First,)1 262(loads a character image into the character cache.)7 1952 4 1497 7032 t
( to copy the character into position)6 1459( it tells the graphics server)5 1116( Then)1 268(ing the character.)2 715 4 1080 7152 t
10 I f
(h)4675 7152 w
10 R f
(in the character)2 638 1 4762 7152 t
( the current font)3 700(cache. If)1 387 2 1080 7272 t
10 CW f
(width)2212 7272 w
10 R f
( horizontal extent of the character being loaded,)7 2053(is smaller than the)3 790 2 2557 7272 t
( 194)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2G \))3 212( CACHECHARS)1 3583(CACHECHARS \( 2G \))3 885 3 720 480 t
10 I f
(loadfont)1080 960 w
10 R f
( the bigger width, unless)4 1032(clears the cache and resets it to accept characters with)9 2271 2 1453 960 t
10 I f
(noclr)4794 960 w
10 R f
(is set, in)2 357 1 5043 960 t
(which case it just returns)4 1033 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2148 1080 w
10 R f
( font at all,)3 466( the character does not exist in the)7 1431(1. If)1 201 3 2213 1080 t
10 I f
(loadfont)4347 1080 w
10 R f
(returns 0; if it is)4 683 1 4717 1080 t
(unable to load the character without destroying cached information, it returns)10 3086 1 1080 1200 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4191 1200 w
10 R f
(1.)4256 1200 w
(The)1080 1368 w
10 CW f
(age)1262 1368 w
10 R f
( font)1 188( The)1 207(fields record when subfonts and characters have been used.)8 2378 3 1469 1368 t
10 CW f
(age)4269 1368 w
10 R f
( time)1 206(is increased every)2 718 2 4476 1368 t
(the font is used \()4 686 1 1080 1488 t
10 I f
(agefont)1774 1488 w
10 R f
( character or subfont)3 837( A)1 127(does this\).)1 416 3 2104 1488 t
10 CW f
(age)3514 1488 w
10 R f
( characters or)2 544( Thus,)1 280(is set to the font age.)5 852 3 3724 1488 t
(subfonts with small ages are the best candidates for replacement when the cache is full.)14 3484 1 1080 1608 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1776 t
10 I f
(graphics)1080 1896 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1438 1896 w
10 I f
(balloc)1604 1896 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1862 1896 w
10 I f
(bitblt)2028 1896 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2248 1896 w
10 I f
(subfalloc)2414 1896 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2789 1896 w
10 I f
(bitmap)2955 1896 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)3241 1896 w
10 I f
(font)3407 1896 w
10 R f
(\(6\))3571 1896 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2064 t
10 R f
(All of the functions use the graphics error function \(see)9 2209 1 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(graphics)3314 2184 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\).)3672 2184 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 195)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( CHDIR)1 4089(CHDIR \( 2 \))3 451 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(chdir)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1310 1080 w
10 R f
(change working directory)2 1025 1 1400 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(int chdir\(char *dirname\))2 1440 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Chdir)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(changes the working directory of the invoking process to)8 2386 1 1352 1656 t
10 I f
(dirname)3777 1656 w
10 R f
( working directory is the)4 1038(. The)1 244 2 4118 1656 t
( names that do not begin with)6 1183(starting point for evaluating file)4 1275 2 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(/)3563 1776 w
10 R f
(or)3648 1776 w
10 CW f
(#)3756 1776 w
10 R f
(, as explained in)3 649 1 3816 1776 t
10 I f
(intro)4490 1776 w
10 R f
( Plan 9)2 278(\(2\). When)1 429 2 4693 1776 t
(boots, the initial process has)4 1130 1 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(/)2235 1896 w
10 R f
(for its working directory.)3 1004 1 2320 1896 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2064 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1283 2184 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2352 t
10 R f
(Sets)1080 2472 w
10 I f
(errstr.)1272 2472 w
10 R f
( 196)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( CPUTIME)1 3961(CPUTIME \( 2 \))3 579 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(cputime, times)1 589 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1694 1080 w
10 R f
(cpu time in this process and children)6 1465 1 1784 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
( t[4]\))1 360(int times\(long)1 1020 2 1080 1368 t
(double cputime\(void\))1 1200 1 1080 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Times)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(fills in the array)3 635 1 1344 1824 t
10 I f
(t)2004 1824 w
10 R f
( milliseconds spent in user code, system calls, child processes in)10 2580(with the number of)3 763 2 2057 1824 t
(user code, and child processes in system calls.)7 1879 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(Cputime)3014 1944 w
10 R f
( to)1 107(returns the sum of those same times, converted)7 1910 2 3383 1944 t
(seconds.)1080 2064 w
10 I f
(Times)1471 2064 w
10 R f
(returns the real time, in milliseconds used by the process so far.)11 2538 1 1735 2064 t
(These functions read)2 831 1 1080 2232 t
10 CW f
(/dev/cputime)1936 2232 w
10 R f
(, opening that file when)4 946 1 2656 2232 t
10 I f
(time)3627 2232 w
10 R f
(is first called.)2 541 1 3824 2232 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2400 t
10 I f
(cons)1080 2520 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1271 2520 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 197)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( CTIME)1 4089(CTIME \( 2 \))3 451 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone)4 1771 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2876 1080 w
10 R f
(convert date and time to)4 965 1 2966 1080 t
9 R f
(ASCII)3954 1080 w
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(char* ctime\(long clock\))2 1380 1 1080 1368 t
( clock\))1 420(Tm* localtime\(long)1 1200 2 1080 1536 t
( clock\))1 420(Tm* gmtime\(long)1 1020 2 1080 1704 t
(char* asctime\(Tm *tm\))2 1260 1 1080 1872 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2040 t
10 I f
(Ctime)1080 2160 w
10 R f
(converts a time)2 614 1 1346 2160 t
10 I f
(clock)1987 2160 w
10 R f
( by)1 128(such as returned)2 652 2 2224 2160 t
10 I f
(time)3032 2160 w
10 R f
(\(2\) into)1 300 1 3212 2160 t
9 R f
(ASCII)3538 2160 w
10 R f
(and returns a pointer to a 30\255byte string)7 1599 1 3801 2160 t
( the fields have constant width.)5 1243( All)1 178(in the following form.)3 883 3 1080 2280 t
10 CW f
( 01:07:47 EST 1973\\n\\0)3 1320( 5)1 180(Wed Aug)1 420 3 1440 2448 t
10 I f
(Localtime)1080 2616 w
10 R f
(and)1516 2616 w
10 I f
(gmtime)1696 2616 w
10 R f
( the broken\255down time.)3 968(return pointers to structures containing)4 1592 2 2026 2616 t
10 I f
(Localtime)4648 2616 w
10 R f
(corrects)5085 2616 w
(for the time zone and possible daylight savings time;)8 2126 1 1080 2736 t
10 I f
(gmtime)3233 2736 w
10 R f
(converts directly to GMT.)3 1046 1 3553 2736 t
10 I f
(Asctime)4650 2736 w
10 R f
(converts a)1 408 1 4992 2736 t
(broken\255down time to)2 838 1 1080 2856 t
9 R f
(ASCII)1941 2856 w
10 R f
(and returns a pointer to a 30\255character string.)7 1795 1 2201 2856 t
10 CW f
(typedef)1080 2976 w
(struct {)1 480 1 1080 3096 t
( seconds \(range 0..59\) */)4 1500( /*)1 600(int sec;)1 540 3 1380 3216 t
( minutes \(0..59\) */)3 1140( /*)1 600(int min;)1 540 3 1380 3336 t
( hours \(0..23\) */)3 1020( /*)1 540(int hour;)1 600 3 1380 3456 t
( day of the month \(1..31\) */)6 1680( /*)1 540(int mday;)1 600 3 1380 3576 t
( month of the year \(0..11\) */)6 1740( /*)1 600(int mon;)1 540 3 1380 3696 t
( year A.D.)2 600( /*)1 540(int year;)1 600 3 1380 3816 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3180 3816 w
10 CW f
(1900 */)1 420 1 3305 3816 t
( day of week \(0..6, Sunday = 0\) */)8 2040( /*)1 540(int wday;)1 600 3 1380 3936 t
( day of year \(0..365\) */)5 1440( /*)1 540(int yday;)1 600 3 1380 4056 t
( time zone name */)4 1080( /*)1 360(char zone[4];)1 780 3 1380 4176 t
(} Tm;)1 300 1 1080 4296 t
10 R f
(When local time is first requested, the program consults the)9 2398 1 1080 4464 t
10 CW f
(timezone)3505 4464 w
10 R f
(environment variable to determine)3 1387 1 4013 4464 t
( variable is set at system boot time by)8 1713( \(This)1 287( zone and converts accordingly.)4 1370(the time)1 352 4 1080 4584 t
10 I f
(init)4853 4584 w
10 R f
(\(8\).\) The)1 405 1 4995 4584 t
10 CW f
(timezone)1080 4704 w
10 R f
( seconds followed)2 725(variable contains the normal time zone name and its difference from GMT in)12 3089 2 1586 4704 t
( remainder is a list)4 750( The)1 208( time zone name and its difference followed by a newline.)10 2344(by an alternate \(daylight\))3 1018 4 1080 4824 t
( past the start of 1970, in the first time zone\) when the alternate time zone applies.)16 3294(of pairs of times \(seconds)4 1026 2 1080 4944 t
(For example:)1 530 1 1080 5064 t
10 CW f
(EST \25518000 EDT \25514400)3 1260 1 1440 5232 t
(9943200 25664400 41392800 57718800 ...)4 2280 1 1500 5352 t
10 R f
(Greenwich Mean Time is represented by)5 1626 1 1080 5520 t
10 CW f
(GMT 0)1 300 1 1440 5688 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5856 t
10 I f
(time)1080 5976 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1260 5976 w
10 I f
(init)1426 5976 w
10 R f
(\(8\))1568 5976 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6144 t
10 R f
(The return values point to static data whose content is overwritten by each call.)13 3161 1 1080 6264 t
(Daylight Savings Time is ``normal'' in the Southern hemisphere.)8 2606 1 1080 6384 t
(These routines are not equipped to handle non\255)7 1877 1 1080 6504 t
9 R f
(ASCII)2957 6504 w
10 R f
(text.)3217 6504 w
( 198)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( CTYPE)1 4083(CTYPE \( 2 \))3 457 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toascii,)7 2280(isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum,)5 2040 2 1080 1080 t
10 S f
(_)1080 1200 w
10 R f
(toupper,)1130 1200 w
10 S f
(_)1485 1200 w
10 R f
(tolower, toupper, tolower)2 1015 1 1535 1200 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2575 1200 w
10 R f
(ASCII character classification)2 1202 1 2665 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(#include <ctype.h>)1 1080 1 1080 1488 t
(isalpha\(c\))1080 1656 w
(isupper\(c\))1080 1824 w
(islower\(c\))1080 1992 w
(isdigit\(c\))1080 2160 w
(isxdigit\(c\))1080 2328 w
(isalnum\(c\))1080 2496 w
(isspace\(c\))1080 2664 w
(ispunct\(c\))1080 2832 w
(isprint\(c\))3420 1488 w
(isgraph\(c\))3420 1656 w
(iscntrl\(c\))3420 1824 w
(isascii\(c\))3420 1992 w
(_toupper\(c\))3420 2160 w
(_tolower\(c\))3420 2328 w
(toupper\(c\))3420 2496 w
(tolower\(c\))3420 2664 w
(toascii\(c\))3420 2832 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 3024 t
10 R f
(These macros classify)2 897 1 1080 3144 t
9 R f
(ASCII)2008 3144 w
10 R f
( is a predicate returning nonzero)5 1333( Each)1 258( lookup.)1 337(\255coded integer values by table)4 1229 4 2243 3144 t
(for true, zero for false.)4 904 1 1080 3264 t
10 I f
(Isascii)2036 3264 w
10 R f
( on all integer values; the rest are defined only where)10 2127(is defined)1 393 2 2324 3264 t
10 I f
(isascii)4870 3264 w
10 R f
(is true)1 248 1 5152 3264 t
(and on the single non\255)4 888 1 1080 3384 t
9 R f
(ASCII)1968 3384 w
10 R f
(value)2228 3384 w
10 CW f
(EOF)2469 3384 w
10 R f
(;)2649 3384 w
10 I f
(fopen)2702 3384 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)2932 3384 w
10 I f
(isalpha c)1 411 1 1080 3552 t
10 R f
(is a letter, a)3 460 1 1516 3552 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1976 3552 w
10 R f
(z or A)2 249 1 2041 3552 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2290 3552 w
10 R f
(Z)2355 3552 w
10 I f
(isupper c)1 411 1 1080 3720 t
10 R f
(is an upper case letter, A)5 986 1 1516 3720 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2502 3720 w
10 R f
(Z)2567 3720 w
10 I f
(islower c)1 411 1 1080 3888 t
10 R f
(is a lower case letter, a)5 908 1 1516 3888 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2424 3888 w
10 R f
(z)2489 3888 w
10 I f
(isdigit c)1 411 1 1080 4056 t
10 R f
(is a digit, 0)3 445 1 1516 4056 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1961 4056 w
10 R f
(9)2026 4056 w
10 I f
(isxdigit c)1 411 1 1080 4224 t
10 R f
(is a hexadecimal digit, 0)4 974 1 1516 4224 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2490 4224 w
10 R f
(9 or a)2 227 1 2555 4224 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2782 4224 w
10 R f
(f or A)2 238 1 2847 4224 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3085 4224 w
10 R f
(F)3150 4224 w
10 I f
(isalnum c)1 411 1 1080 4392 t
10 R f
(is an alphanumeric character, a)4 1237 1 1516 4392 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2753 4392 w
10 R f
(z or A)2 249 1 2818 4392 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3067 4392 w
10 R f
(Z or 0)2 244 1 3132 4392 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3376 4392 w
10 R f
(9)3441 4392 w
10 I f
(isspace c)1 411 1 1080 4560 t
10 R f
( horizontal tab, newline, vertical tab, formfeed, or carriage return \(0x20, 0x9, 0xA,)12 3444(is a space,)2 429 2 1527 4560 t
(0xB, 0xC, 0xD\))2 639 1 1447 4680 t
10 I f
(ispunct c)1 411 1 1080 4848 t
10 R f
(is a punctuation character \(one of)5 1332 1 1516 4848 t
10 CW f
(!"#$%&'\(\)*+,\255./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~)2908 4848 w
10 R f
(\))4828 4848 w
10 I f
(isprint c)1 411 1 1080 5016 t
10 R f
(is a printing character, 0x20 \(space\) through 0x7E \(tilde\))8 2270 1 1516 5016 t
10 I f
(isgraph c)1 411 1 1080 5184 t
10 R f
(is a visible printing character, 0x21 \(exclamation\) through 0x7E \(tilde\))9 2829 1 1516 5184 t
10 I f
(iscntrl c)1 411 1 1080 5352 t
10 R f
(is a delete character, 0x7F, or ordinary control character, 0x0 through 0x1F)11 3004 1 1516 5352 t
10 I f
(isascii c)1 411 1 1080 5520 t
10 R f
(is an)1 186 1 1516 5520 t
9 R f
(ASCII)1725 5520 w
10 R f
(character, 0x0 through 0x7F)3 1131 1 1985 5520 t
10 I f
(Toascii)1080 5688 w
10 R f
(is not a classification macro; it converts its argument to)9 2212 1 1400 5688 t
9 R f
(ASCII)3635 5688 w
10 R f
(range by)1 346 1 3895 5688 t
10 I f
(and)4266 5688 w
10 R f
(ing with 0x7F.)2 587 1 4424 5688 t
(If)1080 5856 w
10 I f
(c)1176 5856 w
10 R f
( letter,)1 261(is an upper case)3 649 2 1250 5856 t
10 I f
(tolower)2191 5856 w
10 R f
(returns the lower case version of the character; otherwise it returns the)11 2872 1 2528 5856 t
(original character.)1 726 1 1080 5976 t
10 I f
(Toupper)1857 5976 w
10 R f
( case version of a character or the original charac\255)9 1989(is similar, returning the upper)4 1189 2 2222 5976 t
(ter.)1080 6096 w
10 I f
(Tolower)1273 6096 w
10 R f
(and)1645 6096 w
10 I f
(toupper)1827 6096 w
10 R f
(are functions;)1 560 1 2176 6096 t
10 S f
(_)2775 6096 w
10 I f
(tolower)2825 6096 w
10 R f
(and)3170 6096 w
10 S f
(_)3353 6096 w
10 I f
(toupper)3403 6096 w
10 R f
(are corresponding macros which should)4 1647 1 3753 6096 t
(only be used when it is known that the argument is upper case or lower case, respectively.)16 3593 1 1080 6216 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6384 t
10 R f
(These macros are)2 697 1 1080 6504 t
8 R f
(ASCII)1797 6504 w
10 R f
(\255centric.)2006 6504 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 199)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( DIAL)1 4162(DIAL \( 2 \))3 378 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(dial, hangup, announce, listen, accept, reject, netmkaddr)6 2245 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3350 1080 w
10 R f
(make and break network connections)4 1485 1 3440 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
( *addr, char *local, char *dir, int *cfdp\))7 2520(int dial\(char)1 900 2 1080 1368 t
( ctl\))1 300(int hangup\(int)1 960 2 1080 1536 t
( *addr, char *dir\))3 1080(int announce\(char)1 1140 2 1080 1704 t
( *dir, char *newdir\))3 1200(int listen\(char)1 1020 2 1080 1872 t
( ctl, char *dir\))3 960(int accept\(int)1 960 2 1080 2040 t
( ctl, char *dir, char *cause\))5 1740(int reject\(int)1 960 2 1080 2208 t
(char* netmkaddr\(char *addr, char *defnet, char *defservice\))6 3540 1 1080 2376 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2544 t
10 R f
(For these routines,)2 751 1 1080 2664 t
10 I f
(addr)1861 2664 w
10 R f
( the form)2 378(is a network address of)4 940 2 2080 2664 t
10 I f
(network)3429 2664 w
10 CW f
(!)3759 2664 w
10 I f
(netaddr)3827 2664 w
10 CW f
(!)4146 2664 w
10 I f
(service, network)1 660 1 4214 2664 t
10 CW f
(!)4882 2664 w
10 I f
(netaddr,)4950 2664 w
10 R f
(or)5317 2664 w
(simply)1080 2784 w
10 I f
(netaddr. Network)1 705 1 1384 2784 t
10 R f
(is any directory listed in)4 986 1 2119 2784 t
10 CW f
(/net)3135 2784 w
10 R f
(or the special token,)3 819 1 3405 2784 t
10 CW f
(net)4254 2784 w
10 R f
(.)4434 2784 w
10 CW f
(Net)4514 2784 w
10 R f
(is a free variable)3 676 1 4724 2784 t
(that stands for any network in common between the source and the host)12 2970 1 1080 2904 t
10 I f
(netaddr)4085 2904 w
10 R f
(.)4404 2904 w
10 I f
(Netaddr)4489 2904 w
10 R f
(can be a host)3 548 1 4852 2904 t
( meta\255name of the form)4 946(name, a domain name, a network address, or a)8 1864 2 1080 3024 t
10 CW f
($)3916 3024 w
10 I f
(attribute.)3984 3024 w
10 CW f
($)4405 3024 w
10 I f
(attribute)4473 3024 w
10 R f
(is replaced by)2 556 1 4844 3024 t
10 I f
(value)1080 3144 w
10 R f
(from the value\255attribute pair)3 1140 1 1325 3144 t
10 I f
(attribute)2494 3144 w
10 CW f
(=)2847 3144 w
10 I f
(value)2915 3144 w
10 R f
(most closely associated with the source host in the net\255)9 2240 1 3160 3144 t
(work data base \(see)3 783 1 1080 3264 t
10 I f
(ndb)1888 3264 w
10 R f
(\(6\)\).)2046 3264 w
(If a connection attempt is successful and)6 1637 1 1080 3432 t
10 I f
(dir)2745 3432 w
10 R f
(is non\255zero, the path name of a)6 1251 1 2890 3432 t
10 I f
(line directory)1 544 1 4169 3432 t
10 R f
(that has files for)3 658 1 4742 3432 t
(accessing the connection is copied into)5 1616 1 1080 3552 t
10 I f
(dir)2733 3552 w
10 R f
( to be less than 40 bytes long.)7 1260( path name is guaranteed)4 1040(. The)1 242 3 2858 3552 t
( The)1 211(One line directory exists for each possible connection.)7 2203 2 1080 3672 t
10 CW f
(data)3525 3672 w
10 R f
(file in the line directory should be used)7 1604 1 3796 3672 t
( The)1 211(to communicate with the destination.)4 1504 2 1080 3792 t
10 CW f
(ctl)2826 3792 w
10 R f
( directory can be used to send commands to)8 1787(file in the line)3 576 2 3037 3792 t
( See)1 198(the line.)1 326 2 1080 3912 t
10 I f
(dk)1633 3912 w
10 R f
(\(3\) and)1 289 1 1735 3912 t
10 I f
(ip)2053 3912 w
10 R f
(\(3\) for messages that can be written to the)8 1714 1 2139 3912 t
10 CW f
(ctl)3883 3912 w
10 R f
( last close of the)4 669(file. The)1 368 2 4093 3912 t
10 CW f
(data)5160 3912 w
10 R f
(or)1080 4032 w
10 CW f
(ctl)1188 4032 w
10 R f
(file will close the connection.)4 1179 1 1393 4032 t
10 I f
(Dial)1080 4200 w
10 R f
( to destination)2 569(makes a call)2 493 2 1283 4200 t
10 I f
(addr)2371 4200 w
10 R f
( the network in)3 605( If)1 117(on a multiplexed network.)3 1052 3 2586 4200 t
10 I f
(addr)4386 4200 w
10 R f
(is)4601 4200 w
10 CW f
(net)4694 4200 w
10 R f
(,)4874 4200 w
10 I f
(dial)4925 4200 w
10 R f
(will try)1 293 1 5107 4200 t
( returns a file)3 532( It)1 112(in succession all networks in common between source and destination until a call succeeds.)13 3676 3 1080 4320 t
(descriptor open for reading and writing the)6 1725 1 1080 4440 t
10 CW f
(data)2832 4440 w
10 R f
( The)1 207(file in the line directory.)4 976 2 3099 4440 t
10 CW f
(addr)4309 4440 w
10 R f
( direc\255)1 260(file in the line)3 564 2 4576 4440 t
( case with UDP)3 636( the network allows the local address to be set, as is the)12 2265( If)1 121(tory contains the address called.)4 1298 4 1080 4560 t
(and TCP port numbers, and)4 1142 1 1080 4680 t
10 I f
(local)2257 4680 w
10 R f
( local address will be set to)6 1148(is non\255zero, the)2 638 2 2492 4680 t
10 I f
(local)4314 4680 w
10 R f
(. If)1 152 1 4522 4680 t
10 I f
(cfdp)4710 4680 w
10 R f
(is non\255zero,)1 482 1 4918 4680 t
10 CW f
(*)1080 4800 w
10 I f
(cfdp)1148 4800 w
10 R f
(is set to a file descriptor open for reading and writing the control file.)13 2762 1 1345 4800 t
10 I f
(Hangup)1080 4968 w
10 R f
(is a means of forcing a connection to hang up without closing the)12 2608 1 1427 4968 t
10 CW f
(ctl)4060 4968 w
10 R f
(and)4265 4968 w
10 CW f
(data)4434 4968 w
10 R f
(files.)4699 4968 w
10 I f
(Announce)1080 5136 w
10 R f
(and)1507 5136 w
10 I f
(listen)1679 5136 w
10 R f
(are the complements of)3 943 1 1924 5136 t
10 I f
(dial. Announce)1 609 1 2896 5136 t
10 R f
(establishes a network name to which calls can)7 1866 1 3534 5136 t
( Like)1 240(be made.)1 367 2 1080 5256 t
10 I f
(dial)1719 5256 w
10 R f
(,)1883 5256 w
10 I f
(announce)1940 5256 w
10 R f
(returns an open)2 629 1 2360 5256 t
10 CW f
(ctl)3021 5256 w
10 R f
(file. The)1 370 1 3233 5256 t
10 I f
(listen)3635 5256 w
10 R f
( argument the)2 561(routine takes as its first)4 955 2 3884 5256 t
10 I f
(dir)1080 5376 w
10 R f
(of a previous)2 523 1 1223 5376 t
10 I f
(announce.)1772 5376 w
10 R f
( is received,)2 483(When a call)2 478 2 2211 5376 t
10 I f
(listen)3199 5376 w
10 R f
(returns an open)2 619 1 3443 5376 t
10 CW f
(ctl)4089 5376 w
10 R f
(file for the line the call was)6 1104 1 4296 5376 t
( sets)1 184( It)1 120(received on.)1 496 3 1080 5496 t
10 I f
(newdir)1914 5496 w
10 R f
( the new line directory.)4 955(to the path name of)4 807 2 2226 5496 t
10 I f
(Accept)4046 5496 w
10 R f
(accepts a call received by)4 1050 1 4350 5496 t
10 I f
(listen)1080 5616 w
10 R f
(, while)1 289 1 1305 5616 t
10 I f
(reject)1636 5616 w
10 R f
(refuses the call because of)4 1118 1 1906 5616 t
10 I f
(cause)3067 5616 w
10 R f
(.)3302 5616 w
10 I f
(Accept)3395 5616 w
10 R f
(returns a file descriptor for the data file)7 1691 1 3709 5616 t
(opened)1080 5736 w
10 CW f
(ORDWR .)1 420 1 1393 5736 t
10 I f
(Netmkaddr)1080 5904 w
10 R f
( a default net\255)3 554( takes an address along with)5 1123( It)1 111(make an address suitable for dialing or announcing.)7 2063 4 1549 5904 t
( a pointer to static data holding the)7 1385( returns)1 303( It)1 112(work and service to use if they are not specified in the address.)12 2520 4 1080 6024 t
(actual address to use.)3 848 1 1080 6144 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 6312 t
10 R f
(Make a call and return an open file descriptor to use for communications:)12 2933 1 1080 6432 t
10 CW f
(int callkremvax\(void\))1 1260 1 1440 6600 t
({)1440 6720 w
(return dial\("kremvax", 0, 0, 0\);)4 1920 1 1800 6840 t
(})1440 6960 w
10 R f
(Call the local authentication server:)4 1420 1 1080 7128 t
( 200)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( DIAL)1 4162(DIAL \( 2 \))3 378 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(int dialauth\(char *service\))2 1620 1 1440 960 t
({)1440 1080 w
(return dial\(netmkaddr\("$auth", 0, service\), 0, 0, 0\);)6 3180 1 1800 1200 t
(})1440 1320 w
10 R f
(Announce as)1 519 1 1080 1488 t
10 CW f
(kremvax)1626 1488 w
10 R f
(on Datakit and loop forever receiving calls and echoing back to the caller anything)13 3327 1 2073 1488 t
(sent:)1080 1608 w
10 CW f
(int)1440 1776 w
(bekremvax\(void\))1440 1896 w
({)1440 2016 w
(int dfd, acfd, lcfd;)3 1200 1 1800 2136 t
(char adir[40], ldir[40];)2 1440 1 1800 2256 t
(int n;)1 360 1 1800 2376 t
(char buf[256];)1 840 1 1800 2496 t
(afd = announce\("dk!kremvax", adir\);)3 2100 1 1800 2736 t
(if\(afd < 0\))2 660 1 1800 2856 t
(return \2551;)1 600 1 2160 2976 t
(for\(;;\){)1800 3216 w
(/* listen for a call */)5 1380 1 2160 3336 t
(lcfd = listen\(adir, ldir\);)3 1560 1 2160 3456 t
(if\(lcfd < 0\))2 720 1 2160 3576 t
(return \2551;)1 600 1 2520 3696 t
(/* fork a process to echo */)6 1680 1 2160 3936 t
(switch\(fork\(\)\){)2160 4056 w
(case \2551:)1 480 1 2160 4176 t
(perror\("forking"\);)2520 4296 w
(close\(lcfd\);)2520 4416 w
(break;)2520 4536 w
(case 0:)1 420 1 2160 4656 t
(/* accept the call and open the data file */)9 2640 1 2520 4776 t
(dfd = accept\(lcfd, ldir\);)3 1500 1 2520 4896 t
(if\(dfd < 0\))2 660 1 2520 5016 t
(return \2551;)1 600 1 2880 5136 t
(/* echo until EOF */)4 1200 1 2520 5376 t
(while\(\(n = read\(dfd, buf, sizeof\(buf\)\)\) > 0\))6 2640 1 2520 5496 t
(write\(dfd, buf, n\);)2 1140 1 2880 5616 t
(exits\(0\);)2520 5736 w
(default:)2160 5856 w
(close\(lcfd\);)2520 5976 w
(break;)2520 6096 w
(})2160 6216 w
(})1800 6456 w
(})1440 6576 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6744 t
10 I f
(auth)1080 6864 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1266 6864 w
10 I f
(dk)1432 6864 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1534 6864 w
10 I f
(ip)1700 6864 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1786 6864 w
10 I f
(stream)1952 6864 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)2232 6864 w
10 I f
(ndb)2398 6864 w
10 R f
(\(8\))2556 6864 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 7032 t
10 I f
(Dial, announce,)1 641 1 1080 7152 t
10 R f
(and)1746 7152 w
10 I f
(listen)1915 7152 w
10 R f
(return)2157 7152 w
10 S f
(-)2420 7152 w
10 R f
(1 if they fail.)3 516 1 2475 7152 t
10 I f
(Hangup)3041 7152 w
10 R f
(returns nonzero if it fails.)4 1012 1 3388 7152 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 201)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( DIRREAD)1 3956(DIRREAD \( 2 \))3 584 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(dirread)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1387 1080 w
10 R f
(read directory)1 556 1 1477 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(int dirread\(int fd, Dir *buf, long nbytes\))6 2520 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
(The data returned by a)4 1001 1 1080 1656 t
10 I f
(read)2132 1656 w
10 R f
( entries in a machine\255)4 967(\(2\) on a directory is a set of complete directory)9 2110 2 2323 1656 t
(independent format, exactly equivalent to the result of a)8 2240 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(stat)3346 1776 w
10 R f
( or subdirectory in the directory.)5 1292(\(2\) on each file)3 609 2 3499 1776 t
10 I f
(Dirread)1080 1896 w
10 R f
( reads from)2 454( It)1 111(decodes the directory entries into a machine\255dependent form.)7 2444 3 1427 1896 t
10 I f
(fd)4461 1896 w
10 R f
( the data)2 340(and unpacks)1 496 2 4564 1896 t
(into)1080 2016 w
10 CW f
(Dir)1269 2016 w
10 R f
(structures in)1 499 1 1482 2016 t
10 I f
(buf)2014 2016 w
10 R f
(\(see)2175 2016 w
10 I f
(stat)2368 2016 w
10 R f
(\(2\) for the layout of a)5 896 1 2521 2016 t
10 CW f
(Dir)3449 2016 w
10 R f
(\).)3629 2016 w
10 I f
(Nbytes)3744 2016 w
10 R f
(is the size of)3 523 1 4048 2016 t
10 CW f
(buf)4603 2016 w
10 R f
(; it should be a)4 617 1 4783 2016 t
(multiple of)1 448 1 1080 2136 t
10 CW f
(sizeof\(Dir\))1559 2136 w
10 R f
( entries have length)3 797(. Directory)1 463 2 2219 2136 t
10 CW f
(DIRLEN)3510 2136 w
10 R f
(\(defined in)1 441 1 3901 2136 t
10 CW f
(<libc.h>)4374 2136 w
10 R f
(\) in machine\255)2 546 1 4854 2136 t
( successful)1 441( A)1 128(independent form.)1 738 3 1080 2256 t
10 I f
(read)2418 2256 w
10 R f
( directory always returns a multiple of)6 1555(of a)1 158 2 2632 2256 t
10 CW f
(DIRLEN)4375 2256 w
10 R f
(;)4735 2256 w
10 I f
(dirread)4793 2256 w
10 R f
(always)5123 2256 w
(returns a multiple of)3 813 1 1080 2376 t
10 CW f
(sizeof\(Dir\))1918 2376 w
10 R f
(.)2578 2376 w
10 I f
(Dirread)1080 2544 w
10 R f
( number of bytes filled in)5 1103(returns the)1 441 2 1444 2544 t
10 CW f
(buf)3031 2544 w
10 R f
(; the number returned may be less than the number)9 2189 1 3211 2544 t
( file offset is advanced by the number of bytes actually read.)11 2411(requested. The)1 612 2 1080 2664 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2832 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 2952 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1283 2952 w
10 I f
(open)1449 2952 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1651 2952 w
10 I f
(read)1817 2952 w
10 R f
(\(2\))2008 2952 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 3120 t
10 R f
(Sets)1080 3240 w
10 I f
(errstr.)1272 3240 w
10 R f
( 202)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( DUP)1 4200(DUP \( 2 \))3 340 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(dup)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1255 1080 w
10 R f
(duplicate an open file descriptor)4 1286 1 1345 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(int dup\(int oldfd, int newfd\))4 1740 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
( file descriptor,)2 629(Given a)1 323 2 1080 1656 t
10 I f
(oldfd)2068 1656 w
10 R f
(, referring to an open file,)5 1077 1 2282 1656 t
10 I f
(dup)3395 1656 w
10 R f
(returns a new file descriptor referring to the)7 1819 1 3581 1656 t
( If)1 117(same file.)1 389 2 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(newfd)1612 1776 w
10 R f
(is in the range of legal file descriptors)7 1518 1 1877 1776 t
10 I f
(dup)3421 1776 w
10 R f
( that for the new file descriptor \(clos\255)7 1488(will use)1 315 2 3597 1776 t
(ing any old file associated with)5 1256 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(newfd\);)2364 1896 w
10 R f
(if)2697 1896 w
10 I f
(newfd)2786 1896 w
10 R f
(is)3053 1896 w
10 S1 f
(\261)3148 1896 w
10 R f
(1 the system chooses the lowest available file descrip\255)8 2187 1 3213 1896 t
(tor.)1080 2016 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2184 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1283 2304 w
10 I f
(dup)1449 2304 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1607 2304 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2472 t
10 R f
(Sets)1080 2592 w
10 I f
(errstr.)1272 2592 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 203)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( ENCRYPT)1 3944(ENCRYPT \( 2 \))3 596 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(encrypt, decrypt, netcrypt)2 1025 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2130 1080 w
10 R f
(DES encryption)1 641 1 2220 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
( *key, void *data, int len\))5 1620(int encrypt\(void)1 1080 2 1080 1368 t
( *key, void *data, int len\))5 1620(int decrypt\(void)1 1080 2 1080 1536 t
( *key, void *data\))3 1080(int netcrypt\(void)1 1140 2 1080 1704 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 I f
(Encrypt)1080 1992 w
10 R f
(and)1425 1992 w
10 I f
(decrypt)1598 1992 w
10 R f
( and decryption.)2 656(perform DES encryption)2 995 2 1926 1992 t
10 I f
(Key)3632 1992 w
10 R f
(is an array of)3 538 1 3817 1992 t
10 CW f
(DESKEYLEN)4385 1992 w
10 R f
(\(defined as)1 445 1 4955 1992 t
(7 in)1 161 1 1080 2112 t
10 CW f
(<libc.h>)1274 2112 w
10 R f
( the encryption key.)3 814(\) bytes containing)2 732 2 1754 2112 t
10 I f
(Data)3357 2112 w
10 R f
(is an array of)3 544 1 3589 2112 t
10 I f
(len)4165 2112 w
10 R f
(bytes; it must be at least 8)6 1081 1 4319 2112 t
( bytes are encrypted or decrypted in place.)7 1689( The)1 205(bytes long.)1 439 3 1080 2232 t
(The DES algorithm encrypts an individual 8 byte block of data.)10 2679 1 1080 2400 t
10 I f
(Encrypt)3823 2400 w
10 R f
(uses the following method to)4 1221 1 4179 2400 t
( last byte of the encrypted)5 1069( The)1 212( encrypted as usual.)3 808( first 8 bytes are)4 675( The)1 213(encrypt data longer than 8 bytes.)5 1343 6 1080 2520 t
( is repeated until)3 669( This)1 230( make the next 8 bytes to encrypt.)7 1362(result is prefixed to the next 7 unencrypted bytes to)9 2059 4 1080 2640 t
( remaining unencrypted bytes are encrypted with enough of)8 2458( Any)1 232( 7 bytes remain unencrypted.)4 1196(fewer than)1 434 4 1080 2760 t
(the preceding encrypted bytes to make a full 8 byte block.)10 2315 1 1080 2880 t
10 I f
(Decrypt)3445 2880 w
10 R f
(uses the inverse algorithm.)3 1071 1 3791 2880 t
10 I f
(Netcrypt)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(performs the same encryption as a Securenet Box.)7 2001 1 1449 3048 t
10 I f
(Data)3500 3048 w
10 R f
(points to an)2 467 1 3725 3048 t
9 R f
(ASCII)4215 3048 w
10 R f
(string of decimal digits)3 925 1 4475 3048 t
( digits are copied into an 8 byte buffer with trailing binary)11 2344( These)1 290( between 0 and 10000.)4 909(with numeric value)2 777 4 1080 3168 t
( first four bytes are each printed as two digit)9 1775( The)1 206( as one DES block.)4 767(zero fill and encrypted)3 900 4 1080 3288 t
9 R f
(ASCII)4752 3288 w
10 R f
(hexadeci\255)5013 3288 w
(mal numbers, and the string is copied into data.)8 1893 1 1080 3408 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 3576 t
10 R f
(These routines return 1 if the data was encrypted, and 0 if the encryption fails.)14 3191 1 1080 3696 t
10 I f
(Encrypt)4326 3696 w
10 R f
(and)4672 3696 w
10 I f
(decrypt)4846 3696 w
10 R f
(fail if)1 225 1 5175 3696 t
(the data passed is less than 8 bytes long.)8 1607 1 1080 3816 t
10 I f
(Netcrypt)2737 3816 w
10 R f
(can fail if it is passed invalid data.)7 1365 1 3106 3816 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3984 t
10 I f
(securenet)1080 4104 w
10 R f
(\(8\))1470 4104 w
( 204)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( ERF)1 4216(ERF \( 2 \))3 324 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(erf, erfc)1 314 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1419 1080 w
10 R f
(error function)1 551 1 1509 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(double erf\(double x\))2 1200 1 1080 1368 t
(double erfc\(double x\))2 1260 1 1080 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 R f
(These functions calculate the error function erf\()6 1917 1 1080 1824 t
10 I f
(x)3005 1824 w
10 R f
( erfc\()1 215(\) and the complementary error function)5 1581 2 3057 1824 t
10 I f
(x)4861 1824 w
10 R f
( error)1 221(\). The)1 266 2 4913 1824 t
(criterion for both)2 682 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(erf)1787 1944 w
10 R f
(and)1923 1944 w
10 I f
(erfc)2092 1944 w
10 R f
(is relative.)1 416 1 2272 1944 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2112 t
10 R f
(There are no error returns.)4 1048 1 1080 2232 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 205)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( ERRSTR)1 4021(ERRSTR \( 2 \))3 519 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(errstr)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1315 1080 w
10 R f
(description of last system call error)5 1406 1 1405 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(int errstr\(char *ans\))2 1260 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
(When a system call fails it returns)6 1443 1 1080 1656 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2562 1656 w
10 R f
( error in a per\255process buffer.)5 1242(1 and records a string describing the)6 1531 2 2627 1656 t
10 I f
(Errstr)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(copies the contents of that buffer into the array)8 1884 1 1352 1776 t
10 I f
(ans)3263 1776 w
10 R f
(and clears the buffer.)3 847 1 3429 1776 t
10 I f
(Ans)4328 1776 w
10 R f
( at least)2 307(should contain)1 588 2 4505 1776 t
10 CW f
(ERRLEN)1080 1896 w
10 R f
(characters \(defined in)2 863 1 1465 1896 t
10 CW f
(<libc.h>)2353 1896 w
10 R f
(\).)2833 1896 w
(The verb)1 357 1 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(r)1462 2064 w
10 R f
(in)1547 2064 w
10 I f
(print)1650 2064 w
10 R f
(\(2\) calls)1 324 1 1853 2064 t
10 I f
(errstr)2202 2064 w
10 R f
(and outputs the error string.)4 1107 1 2455 2064 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2232 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1283 2352 w
10 I f
(perror)1449 2352 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1718 2352 w
( 206)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2G \))3 212( EVENT)1 3929(EVENT \( 2G \))3 539 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( ekbd, ecanread, ecanmouse, ecankbd, ereshaped, getrect,)6 2495(event, einit, estart, etimer, eread, emouse,)5 1825 2 1080 1080 t
(menuhit, Event, Mouse, Menu)3 1216 1 1080 1200 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2321 1200 w
10 R f
(graphics events)1 618 1 2411 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(#include <u.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1488 t
(#include <libc.h>)1 1200 1 1080 1608 t
(#include <libg.h>)1 1200 1 1080 1728 t
( keys\))1 360(void einit\(ulong)1 1260 2 1080 1896 t
( *e\))1 240(ulong event\(Event)1 1260 2 1080 2064 t
(Mouse emouse\(void\))1 1320 1 1080 2232 t
(int ekbd\(void\))1 1200 1 1080 2400 t
(int ecanmouse\(void\))1 1500 1 1080 2568 t
(int ecankbd\(void\))1 1380 1 1080 2736 t
( key, int fd, int n\))5 1200(ulong estart\(ulong)1 1320 2 1080 2904 t
( key, int n\))3 720(ulong etimer\(ulong)1 1320 2 1080 3072 t
( keys, Event *e\))3 960(ulong eread\(ulong)1 1260 2 1080 3240 t
( keys\))1 360(int ecanread\(ulong)1 1440 2 1080 3408 t
( r\))1 180(void ereshaped\(Rectangle)1 1740 2 1080 3576 t
(Rectangle getrect\(int but, Mouse *m\))4 2160 1 1080 3744 t
( but, Mouse *m, Menu *menu\))5 1620(int menuhit\(int)1 1260 2 1080 3912 t
(enum{)1080 4080 w
(Emouse = 1,)2 660 1 1680 4200 t
(Ekeyboard = 2,)2 840 1 1680 4320 t
(};)1080 4440 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 4608 t
10 R f
( use them,)2 420( To)1 167( of input.)2 376(These routines provide an interface to multiple sources)7 2228 4 1080 4728 t
10 I f
(einit)4302 4728 w
10 R f
( the)1 153( If)1 122(must be called.)2 614 3 4511 4728 t
(argument to)1 499 1 1080 4848 t
10 I f
(einit)1623 4848 w
10 R f
(has the)1 299 1 1845 4848 t
10 CW f
(Emouse)2188 4848 w
10 R f
(and)2592 4848 w
10 CW f
(Ekeyboard)2780 4848 w
10 R f
(bits set, the mouse and keyboard events will be)8 2036 1 3364 4848 t
(enabled; in this case,)3 841 1 1080 4968 t
10 I f
(binit)1949 4968 w
10 R f
(\(see)2161 4968 w
10 I f
(graphics)2349 4968 w
10 R f
( user must provide a func\255)5 1065( The)1 209( already been called.)3 831(\(2\)\) must have)2 588 4 2707 4968 t
(tion called)1 421 1 1080 5088 t
10 I f
(ereshaped)1528 5088 w
10 R f
( which the process is running has been reshaped;)8 1954(to be called whenever the window in)6 1481 2 1965 5088 t
(the argument will be the)4 971 1 1080 5208 t
10 CW f
(Rectangle)2076 5208 w
10 R f
(for the new window shape, including the border.)7 1938 1 2641 5208 t
( are read by the event mechanism and put in a queue.)11 2194(As characters are typed on the keyboard, they)7 1864 2 1080 5376 t
10 I f
(Ekbd)5195 5376 w
10 R f
( characters are read in raw)5 1052( The)1 206( the queue, blocking until the queue is non\255empty.)8 2012(returns the next rune from)4 1050 4 1080 5496 t
(mode \(see)1 407 1 1080 5616 t
10 I f
(cons)1512 5616 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\), so they are available as soon as a complete rune is typed.)12 2472 1 1703 5616 t
( released, a new mouse event is queued by the)9 1921(When the mouse moves or a mouse button is depressed or)10 2399 2 1080 5784 t
(event mechanism.)1 728 1 1080 5904 t
10 I f
(Emouse)1865 5904 w
10 R f
(returns the next mouse event from the queue, blocking until the queue is non\255)13 3187 1 2213 5904 t
(empty.)1080 6024 w
10 I f
(Emouse)1405 6024 w
10 R f
(returns a)1 346 1 1746 6024 t
10 CW f
(Mouse)2117 6024 w
10 R f
(structure:)2442 6024 w
10 CW f
(struct Mouse)1 720 1 1440 6192 t
({)1440 6312 w
(int buttons;)1 840 1 1740 6432 t
(Point xy;)1 540 1 1740 6552 t
(ulong msec;)1 660 1 1740 6672 t
(};)1440 6792 w
(Buttons&1)1080 6960 w
10 R f
(is set when the left mouse button is depressed,)8 1995 1 1663 6960 t
10 CW f
(buttons&2)3701 6960 w
10 R f
(when the middle button is)4 1115 1 4285 6960 t
(depressed, and)1 602 1 1080 7080 t
10 CW f
(buttons&4)1722 7080 w
10 R f
( current mouse position is always)5 1410( The)1 220(when the right button is depressed.)5 1468 3 2302 7080 t
(returned in)1 435 1 1080 7200 t
10 CW f
(xy)1540 7200 w
10 R f
(.)1660 7200 w
10 CW f
(Msec)1735 7200 w
10 R f
(is a time stamp in units of milliseconds.)7 1590 1 2000 7200 t
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10 R f
( \( 2G \))3 212( EVENT)1 3929(EVENT \( 2G \))3 539 3 720 480 t
10 I f
(Ecankbd)1080 960 w
10 R f
(and)1454 960 w
10 I f
(ecanmouse)1623 960 w
10 R f
(return non\255zero when there are keyboard or mouse events available to be read.)12 3126 1 2091 960 t
10 I f
(Estart)1080 1128 w
10 R f
( takes as arguments the file)5 1144( It)1 123(can be used to register additional file descriptors to scan for input.)11 2772 3 1361 1128 t
( register, the maximum length of an event message on that descriptor, and a key to be used in)18 3812(descriptor to)1 508 2 1080 1248 t
( a zero)2 271( If)1 119( must be a power of 2 and must not conflict with any previous keys.)14 2753( key)1 171( The)1 207(accessing the event.)2 799 6 1080 1368 t
( given, one will be allocated and returned.)7 1698(key is)1 240 2 1080 1488 t
10 CW f
(Ekeyboard)3141 1488 w
10 R f
(and)3709 1488 w
10 CW f
(Emouse)3881 1488 w
10 R f
(are the mouse and keyboard)4 1131 1 4269 1488 t
(event keys.)1 449 1 1080 1608 t
10 I f
(Etimer)1080 1776 w
10 R f
( of)1 112(starts a repeating timer with a period)6 1482 2 1380 1776 t
10 I f
(n)3003 1776 w
10 R f
( timer)1 240( Extra)1 270( one timer can be started.)5 1023(milliseconds. Only)1 785 4 3082 1776 t
(events are not queued and the timer channel has no associated data.)11 2688 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(Eread)1080 2064 w
10 R f
( specified by the mask)4 909(waits for the next event)4 949 2 1352 2064 t
10 CW f
(keys)3239 2064 w
10 R f
(of event keys submitted to)4 1071 1 3508 2064 t
10 CW f
(estart)4608 2064 w
10 R f
( fills in)2 292(. It)1 140 2 4968 2064 t
(the appropriate field of the argument)5 1466 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(Event)2571 2184 w
10 R f
(structure, which looks like:)3 1088 1 2896 2184 t
10 CW f
(struct Event)1 720 1 1440 2352 t
({)1440 2472 w
(int kbdc;)1 660 1 1740 2592 t
(Mouse mouse;)1 720 1 1740 2712 t
(int n;)1 480 1 1740 2832 t
(uchar data[EMAXMSG];)1 1200 1 1740 2952 t
(};)1440 3072 w
(Data)1080 3240 w
10 R f
( hold a 9P message.)4 819(is an array which is large enough to)7 1464 2 1351 3240 t
10 I f
(Eread)3691 3240 w
10 R f
(returns the key for the event which)6 1433 1 3967 3240 t
( example, if a mouse event was read,)7 1471( For)1 189(was chosen.)1 482 3 1080 3360 t
10 I f
(Emouse)3247 3360 w
10 R f
(will be returned.)2 657 1 3588 3360 t
10 I f
(Event)1080 3528 w
10 R f
( return is the same as for)6 981( The)1 205(waits for the next event of any kind.)7 1442 3 1332 3528 t
10 I f
(eread)3985 3528 w
10 R f
(.)4220 3528 w
(As described in)2 625 1 1080 3696 t
10 I f
(graphics)1732 3696 w
10 R f
(\(2\), the graphics functions are buffered.)5 1591 1 2090 3696 t
10 I f
(Event)3733 3696 w
10 R f
(,)3968 3696 w
10 I f
(eread)4020 3696 w
10 R f
(,)4255 3696 w
10 I f
(emouse)4307 3696 w
10 R f
(, and)1 196 1 4614 3696 t
10 I f
(ekbd)4837 3696 w
10 R f
(all cause)1 348 1 5052 3696 t
(a buffer flush unless there is an event of the appropriate type already queued.)13 3075 1 1080 3816 t
10 I f
(Getrect)1080 3984 w
10 R f
( should be called with)4 877( It)1 111(prompts the user to sweep a rectangle.)6 1527 3 1404 3984 t
10 I f
(m)3945 3984 w
10 R f
(holding the mouse event that trig\255)5 1357 1 4043 3984 t
(gered the)1 373 1 1080 4104 t
10 I f
(getrect)1483 4104 w
10 R f
(\(or, if none, a)3 552 1 1790 4104 t
10 CW f
(Mouse)2371 4104 w
10 R f
(with)2700 4104 w
10 CW f
(buttons)2907 4104 w
10 R f
( changes to the sweep cursor, waits for)7 1574( It)1 115(set to 7\).)2 355 3 3356 4104 t
( released, and then waits for button number)7 1744(the buttons all to be)4 793 2 1080 4224 t
10 I f
(but)3644 4224 w
10 R f
(to be depressed, marking the initial cor\255)6 1601 1 3799 4224 t
( another button is depressed instead,)5 1453(ner. If)1 270 2 1080 4344 t
10 I f
(getrect)2829 4344 w
10 R f
(returns a rectangle with zero for both corners, after wait\255)9 2268 1 3132 4344 t
( Otherwise,)1 497(ing for all the buttons to be released.)7 1536 2 1080 4464 t
10 I f
(getrect)3150 4464 w
10 R f
(continually draws the swept rectangle until the)6 1936 1 3464 4464 t
( mouse structure pointed to by)5 1228( The)1 208(button is released again, and returns the swept rectangle.)8 2280 3 1080 4584 t
10 I f
(m)4824 4584 w
10 R f
(will contain)1 477 1 4923 4584 t
(the final mouse event.)3 882 1 1080 4704 t
10 I f
(Menuhit)1080 4872 w
10 R f
( should be called with)4 893( It)1 115( item number.)2 566(displays a menu and returns a selected menu)7 1798 4 1441 4872 t
10 I f
(m)4842 4872 w
10 R f
(holding the)1 457 1 4943 4872 t
(mouse event that triggered the)4 1209 1 1080 4992 t
10 I f
(menuhit)2314 4992 w
10 R f
(; it will call)3 459 1 2644 4992 t
10 I f
(emouse)3128 4992 w
10 R f
( A)1 122(to update it.)2 475 2 3452 4992 t
10 CW f
(Menu)4074 4992 w
10 R f
(is a structure:)2 538 1 4339 4992 t
10 CW f
(struct Menu)1 660 1 1440 5160 t
({)1440 5280 w
(char **item;)1 780 1 1740 5400 t
(char *\(*gen\)\(int\);)1 1140 1 1740 5520 t
(int lasthit;)1 840 1 1740 5640 t
(};)1440 5760 w
10 R f
(If)1080 5928 w
10 CW f
(item)1180 5928 w
10 R f
( a null\255terminated array of the character strings to be displayed as menu)12 2980(is nonzero, it should be)4 966 2 1454 5928 t
(items. Otherwise,)1 729 1 1080 6048 t
10 CW f
(gen)1836 6048 w
10 R f
(should be a function that, given an item number, returns the character string for that)14 3358 1 2042 6048 t
( at zero.)2 332( are numbered starting)3 913( Items)1 278(item, or zero if the number is past the end of the list.)12 2164 4 1080 6168 t
10 I f
(Menuhit)4824 6168 w
10 R f
(waits)5189 6168 w
(until)1080 6288 w
10 I f
(but)1290 6288 w
10 R f
( returns the number of the selection, or)7 1547(is released, and then)3 812 2 1444 6288 t
10 S f
(-)3828 6288 w
10 R f
( The)1 205(1 for no selection.)3 721 2 3883 6288 t
10 I f
(m)4834 6288 w
10 R f
(argument is)1 469 1 4931 6288 t
(filled in with the final mouse event.)6 1424 1 1080 6408 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6576 t
10 I f
(8\275)1080 6696 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1213 6696 w
10 I f
(graphics)1379 6696 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1737 6696 w
10 I f
(cons)1903 6696 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)2094 6696 w
10 I f
(bit)2260 6696 w
10 R f
(\(3\))2374 6696 w
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( EXEC)1 4139(EXEC \( 2 \))3 401 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(exec, execl)1 442 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1547 1080 w
10 R f
(execute a file)2 531 1 1637 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(int exec\(char *name, char* argv[]\))4 2040 1 1080 1368 t
(int execl\(char *name, ...\))3 1560 1 1080 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Exec)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(and)1300 1824 w
10 I f
(execl)1471 1824 w
10 R f
( process with the named file, then transfer to the entry point of the image)14 2951(overlay the calling)2 747 2 1702 1824 t
(of the file.)2 413 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(Name)1080 2112 w
10 R f
( to be executed; it must not be a directory, and the permissions must)13 2850(points to the name of the file)6 1203 2 1347 2112 t
( it \(see)2 280(allow the current user to execute)5 1339 2 1080 2232 t
10 I f
(stat)2731 2232 w
10 R f
( should also be a valid binary image, as defined in the)11 2224(\(2\)\). It)1 292 2 2884 2232 t
10 I f
(a.out)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(\(6\) for the current machine architecture, or a shell script \(see)10 2527 1 1291 2352 t
10 I f
(rc)3854 2352 w
10 R f
( first line of a shell script)6 1065(\(1\)\). The)1 390 2 3945 2352 t
(must begin with)2 657 1 1080 2472 t
10 CW f
(#!)1768 2472 w
10 R f
( the file and any initial arguments to)7 1481(followed by the name of the program to interpret)8 2000 2 1919 2472 t
(that program, for example)3 1042 1 1080 2592 t
10 CW f
(#!/bin/rc)1440 2760 w
(ls | mc)2 420 1 1440 2880 t
10 R f
(When a C program is executed, it is called as follows:)10 2155 1 1080 3048 t
10 CW f
(void main\(int argc, char *argv[]\))4 1980 1 1440 3216 t
10 I f
(Argv)1080 3384 w
10 R f
(is a copy of the array of argument pointers passed to)10 2150 1 1305 3384 t
10 I f
(exec)3486 3384 w
10 R f
(; that array must end in a null pointer, and)9 1730 1 3670 3384 t
10 I f
(argc)1080 3504 w
10 R f
( the)1 157( convention, the first argument should be)6 1706( By)1 178(is the number of elements before the null pointer.)8 2060 4 1299 3504 t
(name of the program to be executed.)6 1484 1 1080 3624 t
10 I f
(Execl)2618 3624 w
10 R f
(is like)1 246 1 2868 3624 t
10 I f
(exec)3143 3624 w
10 R f
(except that)1 439 1 3348 3624 t
10 I f
(argv)3817 3624 w
10 R f
(will be an array of the parameters)6 1370 1 4030 3624 t
(that follow)1 436 1 1080 3744 t
10 I f
(name)1541 3744 w
10 R f
( last argument to)3 669( The)1 205(in the call.)2 419 3 1782 3744 t
10 I f
(execl)3100 3744 w
10 R f
(must be a null pointer.)4 897 1 3329 3744 t
(For a file beginning)3 794 1 1080 3912 t
10 CW f
(#!)1901 3912 w
10 R f
(, the arguments passed to the program \()7 1589 1 2021 3912 t
10 CW f
(/bin/rc)3610 3912 w
10 R f
(in the example above\) will be the)6 1343 1 4057 3912 t
( executed, any arguments on the)5 1321(name of the file being)4 908 2 1080 4032 t
10 CW f
(#!)3341 4032 w
10 R f
(line, the name of the file again, and finally the)9 1907 1 3493 4032 t
(second and subsequent arguments given to the original)7 2210 1 1080 4152 t
10 I f
(exec)3318 4152 w
10 R f
( of)1 112( result honors the two conventions)5 1389(call. The)1 377 3 3522 4152 t
(a program accepting as argument a file to be interpreted and)10 2399 1 1080 4272 t
10 CW f
(argv[0])3504 4272 w
10 R f
(naming the file being executed.)4 1256 1 3949 4272 t
( are carried into the result; in particular, files remain open across)11 2621(Most attributes of the calling process)5 1494 2 1080 4440 t
10 I f
(exec)5224 4440 w
10 R f
(\(except those opened with)3 1054 1 1080 4560 t
10 CW f
(OCEXEC)2162 4560 w
10 R f
(OR'd into the open mode; see)5 1206 1 2550 4560 t
10 I f
(open)3783 4560 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\); and the working directory and)5 1415 1 3985 4560 t
(environment \(see)1 699 1 1080 4680 t
10 I f
(env)1813 4680 w
10 R f
( newly)1 279(\(3\)\) remain the same However, a)5 1357 2 1959 4680 t
10 I f
(exec'ed)3630 4680 w
10 R f
(process has no notification handler)4 1432 1 3968 4680 t
(\(see)1080 4800 w
10 I f
(notify)1265 4800 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\).)1501 4800 w
(When the new program begins, the global cell)7 1897 1 1080 4968 t
10 CW f
(_clock)3010 4968 w
10 R f
( cell that keeps approxi\255)4 995(is set to the address of a)6 1002 2 3403 4968 t
( time is measured in milliseconds but is updated at a)10 2138( The)1 210(mate time expended by the process at user level.)8 1972 3 1080 5088 t
( clock is typically used by the profiler but is available to all programs.)13 2797( This)1 228(system\255dependent lower rate.)2 1172 3 1080 5208 t
( the new image is as follows: the)7 1356(The above conventions apply to C programs; the raw system interface to)11 2964 2 1080 5376 t
( pointer is)2 422(word pointed to by the stack)5 1195 2 1080 5496 t
10 CW f
(argc)2733 5496 w
10 R f
(; the words beyond that are the zeroth and subsequent ele\255)10 2427 1 2973 5496 t
(ments of)1 349 1 1080 5616 t
10 CW f
(argv)1456 5616 w
10 R f
( terminating null pointer; and the return register \(e.g.)8 2132(, followed by a)3 605 2 1696 5616 t
10 CW f
(R0)4486 5616 w
10 R f
(on the 68020\) con\255)3 766 1 4634 5616 t
(tains the address of the clock.)5 1181 1 1080 5736 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5904 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 6024 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1283 6024 w
10 I f
(stat)1449 6024 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1602 6024 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 6192 t
10 R f
(If these functions fail, they return and set)7 1648 1 1080 6312 t
10 I f
(errstr.)2754 6312 w
10 R f
( be no return from a successful)6 1242(There can)1 396 2 3033 6312 t
10 I f
(exec)4698 6312 w
10 R f
(or)4901 6312 w
10 I f
(execl)5011 6312 w
10 R f
(; the)1 177 1 5223 6312 t
(calling image is lost.)3 828 1 1080 6432 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 209)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( EXITS)1 4117(EXITS \( 2 \))3 423 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(exits, atexit, atexitdont)2 911 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2016 1080 w
10 R f
(terminate process, process cleanup)3 1385 1 2106 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
( *msg\))1 360(void _exits\(char)1 1020 2 1080 1368 t
( *msg\))1 360(void exits\(char)1 960 2 1080 1488 t
(int atexit\(void\(*\)\(void\)\))1 1620 1 1080 1656 t
(void atexitdont\(void\(*\)\(void\)\))1 1860 1 1080 1824 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1992 t
10 I f
(Exits)1080 2112 w
10 R f
(is the conventional way to terminate a process.)7 1897 1 1309 2112 t
10 S f
(_)3260 2112 w
10 I f
(Exits)3310 2112 w
10 R f
( can never)2 417( They)1 259(is the underlying system call.)4 1185 3 3539 2112 t
(return.)1080 2232 w
10 I f
(Msg)1080 2400 w
10 R f
( length)1 279(conventionally includes a brief \(maximum)4 1710 2 1280 2400 t
10 CW f
(ERRLEN)3298 2400 w
10 R f
(\) explanation of the reason for exiting, or a)8 1742 1 3658 2400 t
( string is passed to the parent process, pre\255)8 1718( The)1 208( termination.)1 514(null pointer or empty string to indicate normal)7 1880 4 1080 2520 t
(fixed by the name and process id of the exiting process, when the parent does a)15 3160 1 1080 2640 t
10 I f
(wait)4265 2640 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)4446 2640 w
(Before calling)1 580 1 1080 2808 t
10 S f
(_)1697 2808 w
10 I f
(exits)1747 2808 w
10 R f
(with)1967 2808 w
10 I f
(msg)2183 2808 w
10 R f
(as an argument,)2 655 1 2382 2808 t
10 I f
(exits)3075 2808 w
10 R f
(calls in reverse order all the functions recorded by)8 2104 1 3296 2808 t
10 I f
(atexit)1080 2928 w
10 R f
(.)1310 2928 w
10 I f
(Atexit)1080 3096 w
10 R f
(records)1339 3096 w
10 I f
(fn)1658 3096 w
10 R f
(as a function to be called by)6 1126 1 1762 3096 t
10 I f
(exits)2914 3096 w
10 R f
( typical)1 299( A)1 124( nonzero otherwise.)2 788( returns zero if it failed,)5 947(. It)1 137 5 3105 3096 t
(use is to register a cleanup routine for an I/O package.)10 2158 1 1080 3216 t
(Calling)1080 3384 w
10 I f
(atexit)1400 3384 w
10 R f
( with the same function argument causes)6 1631(twice \(or more\))2 620 2 1647 3384 t
10 I f
(exits)3924 3384 w
10 R f
(to invoke the function twice \(or)5 1267 1 4133 3384 t
(more\).)1080 3504 w
(There is a limit to the number of exit functions that will be recorded;)13 2809 1 1080 3672 t
10 I f
(atexit)3919 3672 w
10 R f
(returns 0 if that limit has been)6 1229 1 4171 3672 t
(reached.)1080 3792 w
10 I f
(Atexitdont)1080 3960 w
10 R f
(cancels a previous registration of an exit function, which is useful after a)12 2986 1 1523 3960 t
10 I f
(fork)4541 3960 w
10 R f
( con\255)1 210(\(2\) to avoid)2 480 2 4710 3960 t
(flicting calls of an exit function)5 1257 1 1080 4080 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4248 t
10 I f
(fork)1080 4368 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1249 4368 w
10 I f
(wait)1415 4368 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1596 4368 w
( 210)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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237 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( EXP)1 4211(EXP \( 2 \))3 329 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(exp, log, log10, pow, pow10, sqrt)5 1344 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2449 1080 w
10 R f
(exponential, logarithm, power, square root)4 1700 1 2539 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(double exp\(double x\))2 1200 1 1080 1368 t
(double log\(double x\))2 1200 1 1080 1536 t
(double log10\(double x\))2 1320 1 1080 1704 t
(double pow\(double x, double y\))4 1800 1 1080 1872 t
(double pow10\(int n\))2 1140 1 1080 2040 t
(double sqrt\(double x\))2 1260 1 1080 2208 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2376 t
10 I f
(Exp)1080 2496 w
10 R f
(returns the exponential function of)4 1381 1 1260 2496 t
10 I f
(x.)2666 2496 w
(Log)1080 2664 w
10 R f
(returns the natural logarithm of)4 1248 1 1261 2664 t
10 I f
(x)2534 2664 w
10 R f
(;)2586 2664 w
10 I f
(log10)2639 2664 w
10 R f
(returns the base 10 logarithm.)4 1190 1 2892 2664 t
10 I f
(Pow)1080 2832 w
10 R f
(returns)1283 2832 w
10 I f
(x)1585 2832 w
8 I f
(y)1629 2782 w
10 R f
(and)1689 2832 w
10 I f
(pow10)1858 2832 w
10 R f
(returns)2150 2832 w
10 I f
(10)2452 2832 w
8 I f
(n)2552 2782 w
10 R f
(as a double.)2 474 1 2617 2832 t
10 I f
(Sqrt)1080 3000 w
10 R f
(returns the square root of)4 1003 1 1272 3000 t
10 I f
(x.)2300 3000 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3168 t
10 I f
(hypot)1080 3288 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1310 3288 w
10 I f
(sinh)1476 3288 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1651 3288 w
10 I f
(intro)1817 3288 w
10 R f
(\(2\))2020 3288 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 211)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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238 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( FCALL)1 4083(FCALL \( 2 \))3 457 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( dirmodeconv)1 553(fcall, convS2M, convD2M, convM2S, convM2D, getS, fcallconv, dirconv,)7 2994 2 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4653 1080 w
10 R f
(interface to Plan)2 656 1 4744 1080 t
(9 File protocol)2 589 1 1080 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(#include <u.h>)1 840 1 1080 1488 t
(#include <libc.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1608 t
(#include <fcall.h>)1 1080 1 1080 1728 t
(int convS2M\(Fcall *f, char *ap\))4 1860 1 1080 1896 t
(int convD2M\(Dir *d, char *ap\))4 1740 1 1080 2064 t
(int convM2S\(char *ap, Fcall *f, int n\))6 2280 1 1080 2232 t
(int convM2D\(char *ap, Dir *d\))4 1740 1 1080 2400 t
(char *getS\(int fd, char *ap, Fcall *f, long *lp\))8 2880 1 1080 2568 t
(int dirconv\(void *o, int f1, int f2, int f3, int chr\))10 3180 1 1080 2736 t
(int fcallconv\(void *o, int f1, int f2, int f3, int chr\))10 3300 1 1080 2904 t
(int dirmodeconv\(void *o, int f2, int f2, int f3, int chr\))10 3420 1 1080 3072 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 3240 t
10 R f
( to and)2 284(These routines convert messages in the machine\255independent format of the Plan 9 file protocol, 9P,)14 4036 2 1080 3360 t
(from a more convenient form, an)5 1319 1 1080 3480 t
10 CW f
(Fcall)2424 3480 w
10 R f
(structure:)2749 3480 w
10 CW f
(typedef)1080 3600 w
(struct Fcall {)2 840 1 1080 3720 t
(char type;)1 660 1 1320 3840 t
(short fid;)1 600 1 1320 3960 t
(short tag;)1 600 1 1320 4080 t
(union {)1 420 1 1320 4200 t
(struct {)1 480 1 1680 4320 t
( Tflush */)2 600(ushort oldtag;/*)1 1860 2 1920 4440 t
( Rattach, Rwalk, Ropen, Rcreate */)5 2040( /*)1 840(Qid qid;)1 600 3 1920 4560 t
(};)1680 4680 w
(struct {)1 480 1 1680 4800 t
( /* Tauth, Tattach */)4 1260(char uname[NAMELEN];)1 1260 2 1920 4920 t
( /* Tattach */)3 840(char aname[NAMELEN];)1 1260 2 1920 5040 t
( Tattach */)2 660(char auth[NAMELEN]; /*)2 1440 2 1920 5160 t
( Tauth, Rauth */)3 960(char chal[8+NAMELEN];/*)1 1440 2 1920 5280 t
(};)1680 5400 w
(struct {)1 480 1 1680 5520 t
( Rerror */)2 600(char ename[ERRLEN]; /*)2 1440 2 1920 5640 t
(};)1680 5760 w
(struct {)1 480 1 1680 5880 t
( Tcreate */)2 660( /*)1 780(long perm;)1 660 3 1920 6000 t
( Tclone, Tclwalk */)3 1140( /*)1 660(short newfid;)1 780 3 1920 6120 t
( Twalk, Tclwalk, Tcreate */)4 1620(char name[NAMELEN]; /*)2 1440 2 1920 6240 t
( Tcreate, Topen */)3 1080( /*)1 780(char mode;)1 660 3 1920 6360 t
(};)1680 6480 w
(struct {)1 480 1 1680 6600 t
( Tread, Twrite */)3 1020( /*)1 660(long offset;)1 780 3 1920 6720 t
( Tread, Twrite, Rread */)4 1440( /*)1 720(long count;)1 720 3 1920 6840 t
( Twrite, Rread */)3 1020( /*)1 720(char *data;)1 720 3 1920 6960 t
(};)1680 7080 w
(struct {)1 480 1 1680 7200 t
10 R f
( 212)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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239 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( FCALL)1 4083(FCALL \( 2 \))3 457 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
( Twstat, Rstat */)3 1020( /*)1 300(char stat[DIRLEN];)1 1140 3 1920 960 t
(};)1680 1080 w
(};)1320 1200 w
(} Fcall;)1 480 1 1080 1320 t
10 R f
(This structure is defined in)4 1123 1 1080 1488 t
10 CW f
(<fcall.h>)2241 1488 w
10 R f
( section 5 for a full description of 9P messages and their)11 2387(. See)1 232 2 2781 1488 t
( all message types, the)4 944(encoding. For)1 592 2 1080 1608 t
10 CW f
(type)2653 1608 w
10 R f
(field of an)2 434 1 2930 1608 t
10 CW f
(Fcall)3401 1608 w
10 R f
(holds one of)2 518 1 3738 1608 t
10 CW f
(Tnop)4293 1608 w
10 R f
(,)4533 1608 w
10 CW f
(Rnop)4594 1608 w
10 R f
(,)4834 1608 w
10 CW f
(Tsession)4895 1608 w
10 R f
(,)5375 1608 w
10 CW f
(Rsession)1080 1728 w
10 R f
(, etc. \(defined in an enumerated type in)7 1644 1 1560 1728 t
10 CW f
(<fcall.h>)3241 1728 w
10 R f
(\).)3781 1728 w
10 CW f
(Fid)3901 1728 w
10 R f
(is used by most messages, and)5 1281 1 4119 1728 t
10 CW f
(tag)1080 1848 w
10 R f
( are used selectively by the message types given in com\255)10 2377( other fields)2 503( The)1 218(is used by all messages.)4 1004 4 1298 1848 t
(ments.)1080 1968 w
10 I f
(ConvM2S)1080 2136 w
10 R f
(takes a 9P message at)4 877 1 1502 2136 t
10 I f
(ap)2407 2136 w
10 R f
(of length)1 361 1 2535 2136 t
10 I f
(n)2924 2136 w
10 R f
(, and uses it to fill in)6 838 1 2982 2136 t
10 CW f
(Fcall)3848 2136 w
10 R f
(structure)4176 2136 w
10 I f
(f)4553 2136 w
10 R f
( mes\255)1 223( the passed)2 444(. If)1 144 3 4589 2136 t
(sage including any data for)4 1089 1 1080 2256 t
10 CW f
(Twrite)2196 2256 w
10 R f
(and)2583 2256 w
10 CW f
(Rread)2754 2256 w
10 R f
(messages is formatted properly, the return value is)7 2020 1 3081 2256 t
10 I f
(n)5127 2256 w
10 R f
(; oth\255)1 215 1 5185 2256 t
( For)1 191(erwise it is 0.)3 539 2 1080 2376 t
10 CW f
(Twrite)1837 2376 w
10 R f
(and)2224 2376 w
10 CW f
(Tread)2395 2376 w
10 R f
(messages,)2722 2376 w
10 CW f
(data)3151 2376 w
10 R f
(is set to a pointer into the argument message, not)9 1981 1 3419 2376 t
(a copy.)1 288 1 1080 2496 t
10 I f
(ConvS2M)1080 2664 w
10 R f
(does the reverse conversion, turning)4 1468 1 1504 2664 t
10 I f
(f)3003 2664 w
10 R f
(into a message starting at)4 1034 1 3062 2664 t
10 I f
(ap)4127 2664 w
10 R f
( length of the resulting)4 929(. The)1 236 2 4235 2664 t
( For)1 189(message is returned.)2 812 2 1080 2784 t
10 CW f
(Twrite)2106 2784 w
10 R f
(and)2491 2784 w
10 CW f
(Rread)2660 2784 w
10 R f
(messages,)2985 2784 w
10 CW f
(count)3412 2784 w
10 R f
(bytes starting at)2 633 1 3737 2784 t
10 CW f
(data)4395 2784 w
10 R f
(are copied into the)3 740 1 4660 2784 t
(message.)1080 2904 w
(The constant)1 514 1 1080 3072 t
10 CW f
(MAXMSG)1620 3072 w
10 R f
(is the length of the longest message, excluding data;)8 2092 1 2006 3072 t
10 CW f
(MAXFDATA)4124 3072 w
10 R f
(\(8192\) is the maxi\255)3 769 1 4631 3072 t
(mum)1080 3192 w
10 CW f
(count)1359 3192 w
10 R f
( are guaranteed to be shorter than)6 1611( messages)1 450( Thus)1 298(in a read or write message.)5 1309 4 1732 3192 t
10 CW f
(MAXMSG+MAXFDATA)1080 3312 w
10 R f
(bytes long.)1 439 1 2005 3312 t
(Another structure is)2 831 1 1080 3480 t
10 CW f
(Dir)1955 3480 w
10 R f
(, used by the routines described in)6 1476 1 2135 3480 t
10 I f
(stat)3655 3480 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)3808 3480 w
10 I f
(ConvM2D)4018 3480 w
10 R f
(converts the machine\255)2 921 1 4479 3480 t
(independent form starting at)3 1150 1 1080 3600 t
10 I f
(ap)2262 3600 w
10 R f
(into)2394 3600 w
10 I f
(d)2582 3600 w
10 R f
( the encoding.)2 575(and returns the length of)4 1004 2 2664 3600 t
10 I f
(ConvD2M)4299 3600 w
10 R f
(does the reverse)2 654 1 4746 3600 t
(translation, also returning the length of the encoding.)7 2117 1 1080 3720 t
10 I f
(GetS)1080 3888 w
10 R f
(reads a message from file descriptor)5 1513 1 1313 3888 t
10 I f
(fd)2865 3888 w
10 R f
(into)2982 3888 w
10 I f
(ap)3177 3888 w
10 R f
(and converts the message using)4 1315 1 3316 3888 t
10 I f
(convM2S)4671 3888 w
10 R f
(into the)1 318 1 5082 3888 t
10 CW f
(Fcall)1080 4008 w
10 R f
(structure)1413 4008 w
10 I f
(f)1795 4008 w
10 R f
(. The)1 238 1 1831 4008 t
10 I f
(lp)2102 4008 w
10 R f
(argument must point to a)4 1032 1 2213 4008 t
10 CW f
(long)3278 4008 w
10 R f
(holding the size of the)4 920 1 3551 4008 t
10 I f
(ap)4504 4008 w
10 R f
( some\255)1 276( is)1 100(buffer. It)1 387 3 4637 4008 t
( If)1 131(what resilient to transient read errors.)5 1566 2 1080 4128 t
10 I f
(convM2S)2817 4128 w
10 R f
(succeeds, its return value is stored in *)7 1654 1 3229 4128 t
10 I f
(lp)4891 4128 w
10 R f
(, and)1 210 1 4977 4128 t
10 I f
(getS)5228 4128 w
10 R f
( Otherwise)1 460(returns zero.)1 498 2 1080 4248 t
10 I f
(getS)2063 4248 w
10 R f
(returns a string identifying the error.)5 1453 1 2260 4248 t
10 I f
(Dirconv)1080 4416 w
10 R f
(,)1415 4416 w
10 I f
(fcallconv)1476 4416 w
10 R f
(, and)1 205 1 1850 4416 t
10 I f
(dirmodeconv)2091 4416 w
10 R f
(are formatting routines, suitable for)4 1461 1 2648 4416 t
10 I f
(fmtinstall)4145 4416 w
10 R f
(\(see)4560 4416 w
10 I f
(print)4756 4416 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\). They)1 441 1 4959 4416 t
(convert)1080 4536 w
10 CW f
(Dir*)1426 4536 w
10 R f
(,)1666 4536 w
10 CW f
(Fcall*)1738 4536 w
10 R f
(, and)1 216 1 2098 4536 t
10 CW f
(long)2361 4536 w
10 R f
(values into string representations of the directory buffer,)7 2405 1 2648 4536 t
10 CW f
(Fcall)5100 4536 w
10 R f
(buffer, or file mode value.)4 1047 1 1080 4656 t
10 I f
(Fcallconv)2177 4656 w
10 R f
(assumes that)1 508 1 2601 4656 t
10 I f
(dirconv)3134 4656 w
10 R f
(has been installed with format letter)5 1434 1 3464 4656 t
10 CW f
(D)4923 4656 w
10 R f
(.)4983 4656 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4824 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 4944 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1283 4944 w
10 I f
(stat)1449 4944 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1602 4944 w
10 I f
(intro)1768 4944 w
10 R f
(\(5\))1971 4944 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 5112 t
10 I f
(GetS)1080 5232 w
10 R f
(sets)1299 5232 w
10 I f
(errstr.)1474 5232 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5400 t
10 R f
( 8 bytes in the protocol, but these routines assume they fit into a)13 2606(The offset and directory length fields have)6 1714 2 1080 5520 t
(long.)1080 5640 w
10 I f
(ConvS2M)1080 5808 w
10 R f
(should check for counts exceeding)4 1380 1 1499 5808 t
10 CW f
(MAXFMSG)2904 5808 w
10 R f
(.)3324 5808 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 213)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2S \))3 196( FGETC)1 3971(FGETC \( 2S \))3 513 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( fputs, puts, fread, fwrite)4 1000(fgetc, getc, getchar, fputc, putc, putchar, ungetc, fgets, gets,)8 2404 2 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4513 1080 w
10 R f
(stdio input and out\255)3 793 1 4607 1080 t
(put)1080 1200 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(#include <stdio.h>)1 1080 1 1080 1488 t
( *f\))1 240(int fgetc\(FILE)1 900 2 1080 1656 t
( *f\))1 240(int getc\(FILE)1 840 2 1080 1824 t
(int getchar\(void\))1 1080 1 1080 1992 t
( c, FILE *f\))3 720(int fputc\(int)1 840 2 1080 2160 t
( c, FILE *f\))3 720(int putc\(int)1 780 2 1080 2328 t
( c\))1 180(int putchar\(int)1 960 2 1080 2496 t
( c, FILE *f\))3 720(int ungetc\(int)1 900 2 1080 2664 t
(char *fgets\(char *s, int n, FILE *f\))6 2160 1 1080 2832 t
(char *gets\(char *s\))2 1140 1 1080 3000 t
( *s, FILE *f\))3 780(int fputs\(char)1 900 2 1080 3168 t
( *s\))1 240(int puts\(char)1 840 2 1080 3336 t
(long fread\(void *ptr, long itemsize, long nitems, FILE *stream\))8 3780 1 1080 3504 t
(long fwrite\(void *ptr, long itemsize, long nitems, FILE *stream\))8 3840 1 1080 3672 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 3840 t
10 R f
(The functions described here work on open stdio streams \(see)9 2464 1 1080 3960 t
10 I f
(fopen)3569 3960 w
10 R f
(\).)3799 3960 w
10 I f
(Fgetc)1080 4128 w
10 R f
(returns as an)2 512 1 1336 4128 t
10 CW f
(int)1877 4128 w
10 R f
(the next)1 323 1 2086 4128 t
10 CW f
(unsigned char)1 749 1 2438 4128 t
10 R f
( stream)1 296(from input)1 429 2 3216 4128 t
10 I f
(f.)3971 4128 w
10 R f
(If the stream is at end\255of\255file, the)6 1346 1 4054 4128 t
(end\255of\255file indicator for the stream is set and)7 1838 1 1080 4248 t
10 I f
(fgetc)2950 4248 w
10 R f
(returns)3176 4248 w
10 CW f
(EOF)3485 4248 w
10 R f
( a read error occurs, the error indicator)7 1587(. If)1 148 2 3665 4248 t
( is set and)3 433(for the stream)2 576 2 1080 4368 t
10 I f
(fgetc)2126 4368 w
10 R f
(returns)2357 4368 w
10 CW f
(EOF)2671 4368 w
10 R f
(.)2851 4368 w
10 I f
(Getc)2938 4368 w
10 R f
(is like)1 254 1 3163 4368 t
10 I f
(fgetc)3454 4368 w
10 R f
(except that it is implemented as a macro.)7 1715 1 3685 4368 t
10 I f
(Getchar)1080 4488 w
10 R f
(is like)1 242 1 1432 4488 t
10 I f
(getc)1699 4488 w
10 R f
(except that it always reads from)5 1272 1 1890 4488 t
10 CW f
(stdin)3187 4488 w
10 R f
(.)3487 4488 w
10 I f
(Ungetc)1080 4656 w
10 R f
(pushes character)1 672 1 1404 4656 t
10 I f
(c)2112 4656 w
10 R f
(back onto the input stream)4 1104 1 2192 4656 t
10 CW f
(f)3332 4656 w
10 R f
( by)1 137( pushed\255back character will be returned)5 1630(. The)1 241 3 3392 4656 t
( successful intervening)2 931( A)1 130(subsequent reads in the reverse order of their pushing.)8 2223 3 1080 4776 t
10 I f
(fseek)4397 4776 w
10 R f
(,)4604 4776 w
10 I f
(fsetpos)4662 4776 w
10 R f
(, or)1 141 1 4948 4776 t
10 I f
(rewind)5122 4776 w
10 R f
(on)1080 4896 w
10 I f
(f)1213 4896 w
10 R f
(discards any pushed\255back characters for)4 1626 1 1274 4896 t
10 I f
(f)2933 4896 w
10 R f
( character of pushback is guaranteed.)5 1523(. One)1 250 2 2969 4896 t
10 I f
(Ungetc)4801 4896 w
10 R f
(returns)5123 4896 w
(the character pushed back \(converted to)5 1591 1 1080 5016 t
10 CW f
(unsigned char)1 746 1 2697 5016 t
10 R f
(\), or)1 167 1 3443 5016 t
10 CW f
(EOF)3636 5016 w
10 R f
( successful call)2 604( A)1 122(if the operation fails.)3 832 3 3842 5016 t
(to)1080 5136 w
10 I f
(ungetc)1183 5136 w
10 R f
( indicator for the stream after read\255)6 1401( file position)2 506( The)1 205(clears the end\255of\255file indicator for the stream.)6 1814 4 1474 5136 t
(ing or discarding all pushed\255back characters is the same as it was before the characters were pushed back.)17 4215 1 1080 5256 t
10 I f
(Fputc)1080 5424 w
10 R f
(writes character)1 634 1 1339 5424 t
10 I f
(c)1999 5424 w
10 R f
(\(converted to)1 530 1 2069 5424 t
10 CW f
(unsigned char)1 746 1 2625 5424 t
10 R f
(\) to output stream)3 711 1 3371 5424 t
10 I f
(f)4108 5424 w
10 R f
( indicated by the)3 669(at the position)2 569 2 4162 5424 t
( the file cannot support posi\255)5 1181( If)1 123( stream and advances the indicator appropriately.)6 2001(position indicator for the)3 1015 4 1080 5544 t
( with append mode, the character is appended to the output)10 2464(tioning requests, or if the stream was opened)7 1856 2 1080 5664 t
(stream.)1080 5784 w
10 I f
(Fputc)1436 5784 w
10 R f
(returns the character written or)4 1289 1 1709 5784 t
10 CW f
(EOF)3038 5784 w
10 R f
(if there was a write error.)5 1082 1 3258 5784 t
10 I f
(Putc)4405 5784 w
10 R f
(is like)1 257 1 4628 5784 t
10 I f
(fputc)4925 5784 w
10 R f
(but is)1 235 1 5165 5784 t
(implemented as a macro.)3 998 1 1080 5904 t
10 I f
(Putchar)2128 5904 w
10 R f
(is like)1 242 1 2475 5904 t
10 I f
(putc)2742 5904 w
10 R f
(except that it always writes to)5 1190 1 2939 5904 t
10 CW f
(stdout)4154 5904 w
10 R f
(.)4514 5904 w
( input takes place as if characters were read by successive calls to)12 2674(All other)1 362 2 1080 6072 t
10 I f
(fgetc)4146 6072 w
10 R f
(and all other output takes)4 1030 1 4370 6072 t
(place as if characters were written by successive calls to)9 2240 1 1080 6192 t
10 I f
(fputc)3345 6192 w
10 R f
(.)3553 6192 w
10 I f
(Fgets)1080 6360 w
10 R f
(reads up to and including the next newline, but not past end\255of\255file or more than)14 3226 1 1329 6360 t
10 I f
(n)4582 6360 w
10 R f
( from)1 222(\2551 characters,)1 538 2 4640 6360 t
(stream)1080 6480 w
10 I f
(f)1377 6480 w
10 R f
(into array)1 391 1 1436 6480 t
10 I f
(s)1857 6480 w
10 R f
( null character is written immediately after the last character read into the array \(if)14 3344(. A)1 152 2 1904 6480 t
(any characters are read at all\).)5 1194 1 1080 6600 t
10 I f
(Fgets)2324 6600 w
10 R f
(returns)2571 6600 w
10 I f
(s)2873 6600 w
10 R f
(if successful, otherwise a null pointer.)5 1517 1 2937 6600 t
10 I f
(Gets)4504 6600 w
10 R f
(is similar to)2 473 1 4712 6600 t
10 I f
(fgets)5211 6600 w
10 R f
(except that it always reads from)5 1347 1 1080 6720 t
10 CW f
(stdin)2467 6720 w
10 R f
( terminating newline, if any.)4 1188(and it discards the)3 769 2 2807 6720 t
10 I f
(Gets)4828 6720 w
10 R f
(does not)1 350 1 5050 6720 t
(check for overflow of the receiving array, so its use is deprecated.)11 2628 1 1080 6840 t
10 I f
(Fputs)1080 7008 w
10 R f
(writes the string)2 674 1 1348 7008 t
10 I f
(s)2062 7008 w
10 R f
(to stream)1 409 1 2141 7008 t
10 I f
(f)2590 7008 w
10 R f
(, returning)1 431 1 2626 7008 t
10 CW f
(EOF)3097 7008 w
10 R f
(if a write error occurred, otherwise a nonnegative)7 2083 1 3317 7008 t
( terminating null character is not written.)6 1634(value. The)1 446 2 1080 7128 t
10 I f
(Puts)3210 7128 w
10 R f
(is the same, writing to)4 886 1 3413 7128 t
10 CW f
(stdout)4324 7128 w
10 R f
(.)4684 7128 w
( 214)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2S \))3 196( FGETC)1 3971(FGETC \( 2S \))3 513 3 720 480 t
10 I f
(Fread)1080 960 w
10 R f
(reads from the named input)4 1114 1 1353 960 t
10 I f
(stream)2496 960 w
10 R f
(at most)1 296 1 2797 960 t
10 I f
(nitems)3122 960 w
10 R f
(of data of the type of)5 854 1 3412 960 t
10 I f
(*ptr)4295 960 w
10 R f
(into a block beginning)3 909 1 4491 960 t
(at)1080 1080 w
10 I f
(ptr.)1177 1080 w
10 R f
(It returns the number of items actually read.)7 1752 1 1344 1080 t
10 I f
(Fwrite)1080 1248 w
10 R f
(appends to the named output)4 1169 1 1377 1248 t
10 I f
(stream)2576 1248 w
10 R f
(at most)1 298 1 2878 1248 t
10 I f
(nitems)3207 1248 w
10 R f
(of data of the type of)5 864 1 3499 1248 t
10 I f
(*ptr)4394 1248 w
10 R f
(from a block begin\255)3 808 1 4592 1248 t
(ning at)1 275 1 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(ptr.)1380 1368 w
10 R f
(It returns the number of items actually written.)7 1864 1 1547 1368 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1536 t
10 I f
(read)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1271 1656 w
10 I f
(fopen)1437 1656 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1667 1656 w
10 I f
(bio)1833 1656 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1969 1656 w
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( FLOOR)1 4072(FLOOR \( 2 \))3 468 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(fabs, fmod, floor, ceil)3 865 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1970 1080 w
10 R f
(absolute value, remainder, floor, ceiling functions)5 1991 1 2060 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(double floor\(double x\))2 1320 1 1080 1368 t
(double ceil\(double x\))2 1260 1 1080 1536 t
(double fabs\(double x\))2 1260 1 1080 1704 t
(double fmod\(double x, double y\))4 1860 1 1080 1872 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2040 t
10 I f
(Fabs)1080 2160 w
10 R f
(returns the absolute value)3 1023 1 1305 2160 t
10 S f
(\357)2353 2160 w
10 I f
(x)2426 2160 w
10 S f
(\357)2494 2160 w
10 R f
(.)2543 2160 w
10 I f
(Floor)1080 2328 w
10 R f
(returns the largest integer not greater than)6 1668 1 1333 2328 t
10 I f
(x)3026 2328 w
10 R f
(.)3078 2328 w
10 I f
(Ceil)1080 2496 w
10 R f
(returns the smallest integer not less than)6 1604 1 1272 2496 t
10 I f
(x)2901 2496 w
10 R f
(.)2953 2496 w
10 I f
(Fmod)1080 2664 w
10 R f
(returns)1344 2664 w
10 I f
(x)1652 2664 w
10 R f
(if)1727 2664 w
10 I f
(y)1819 2664 w
10 R f
(is zero, otherwise the number)4 1202 1 1894 2664 t
10 I f
(f)3127 2664 w
10 R f
(with the same sign as)4 879 1 3186 2664 t
10 I f
(x)4096 2664 w
10 R f
( that)1 182(, such)1 239 2 4148 2664 t
10 I f
(x = iy + f)4 408 1 4601 2664 t
10 R f
(for some)1 359 1 5041 2664 t
(integer)1080 2784 w
10 I f
(i)1382 2784 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 1418 2784 t
10 S f
(\357)1637 2784 w
10 I f
(f)1710 2784 w
10 S f
(\357 < \357)2 203 1 1762 2784 t
10 I f
(x)1989 2784 w
10 S f
(\357)2057 2784 w
10 R f
(.)2106 2784 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2952 t
10 I f
(abs)1080 3072 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1227 3072 w
10 I f
(frexp)1393 3072 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1606 3072 w
( 216)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2S \))3 196( FOPEN)1 3971(FOPEN \( 2S \))3 513 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( fgetpos, ftell, fsetpos,)3 900(fopen, freopen, fdopen, fileno, fclose, sopenr, sopenw, sclose, fflush, setvbuf, setbuf,)10 3420 2 1080 1080 t
(fseek, rewind, feof, ferror, clearerr)4 1376 1 1080 1200 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2481 1200 w
10 R f
(standard buffered input/output package)3 1566 1 2571 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(#include <stdio.h>)1 1080 1 1080 1488 t
(FILE *fopen\(char *filename, char *mode\))4 2340 1 1080 1656 t
(FILE *freopen\(char *filename, char *mode, FILE *f\))6 3000 1 1080 1824 t
(FILE *fdopen\(int fd, char *mode\))4 1920 1 1080 1992 t
( *f\))1 240(int fileno\(FILE)1 960 2 1080 2160 t
(FILE *sopenr\(char *s\))2 1260 1 1080 2328 t
(FILE *sopenw\(void\))1 1080 1 1080 2496 t
(char *sclose\(FILE *f\))2 1260 1 1080 2664 t
( *f\))1 240(int fclose\(FILE)1 960 2 1080 2832 t
( *f\))1 240(int fflush\(FILE)1 960 2 1080 3000 t
( *f, char *buf, int type, long size\))7 2160(int setvbuf\(FILE)1 1020 2 1080 3168 t
(void setbuf\(FILE *f, char *buf\))4 1860 1 1080 3336 t
( *f, long *pos\))3 900(int fgetpos\(FILE)1 1020 2 1080 3504 t
(long ftell\(FILE *f\))2 1140 1 1080 3672 t
( *f, long *pos\))3 900(int fsetpos\(FILE)1 1020 2 1080 3840 t
( *f, long offset, int whence\))5 1740(int fseek\(FILE)1 900 2 1080 4008 t
(void rewind\(FILE *f\))2 1200 1 1080 4176 t
( *f\))1 240(int feof\(FILE)1 840 2 1080 4344 t
( *f\))1 240(int ferror\(FILE)1 960 2 1080 4512 t
(void clearerr\(FILE *f\))2 1320 1 1080 4680 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 4848 t
10 R f
(The functions described in Section 2S constitute the ANSI standard buffered I/O package with extensions.)14 4246 1 1080 4968 t
(A file with associated buffering is called a)7 1730 1 1080 5136 t
10 I f
(stream)2841 5136 w
10 R f
( declared to be a pointer to a defined type)9 1717(and is)1 242 2 3144 5136 t
10 CW f
(FILE)5135 5136 w
10 R f
(.)5375 5136 w
10 I f
(Fopen)1080 5256 w
10 R f
(\(2\) creates certain descriptive data for a stream and returns a pointer to designate the stream in all)17 4057 1 1343 5256 t
( are three normally open streams with constant pointers declared in the include)12 3228( There)1 288(further transactions.)1 804 3 1080 5376 t
(file and associated with the standard open files:)7 1894 1 1080 5496 t
10 CW f
(stdin)1080 5664 w
10 R f
(standard input file)2 727 1 1580 5664 t
10 CW f
(stdout)1080 5784 w
10 R f
(standard output file)2 777 1 1580 5784 t
10 CW f
(stderr)1080 5904 w
10 R f
(standard error file)2 714 1 1580 5904 t
(A constant pointer)2 738 1 1080 6072 t
10 CW f
(NULL)1878 6072 w
10 R f
(designates no stream at all.)4 1079 1 2143 6072 t
10 I f
(Fopen)1080 6240 w
10 R f
(opens the file named by)4 962 1 1362 6240 t
10 I f
(filename)2351 6240 w
10 R f
(and associates a stream with it.)5 1247 1 2722 6240 t
10 I f
(Fopen)4021 6240 w
10 R f
( to be used)3 439(returns a pointer)2 658 2 4303 6240 t
( or)1 108(to identify the stream in subsequent operations,)6 1896 2 1080 6360 t
10 CW f
(NULL)3109 6360 w
10 R f
(if the open fails.)3 649 1 3374 6360 t
10 I f
(Mode)4073 6360 w
10 R f
(is a character string having)4 1075 1 4325 6360 t
(one of the following values:)4 1121 1 1080 6480 t
10 CW f
("r")1080 6600 w
10 R f
(open for reading)2 659 1 1480 6600 t
10 CW f
("w")1080 6720 w
10 R f
(truncate to zero length or create for writing)7 1720 1 1480 6720 t
10 CW f
("a")1080 6840 w
10 R f
(append; open or create for writing at end of file)9 1892 1 1480 6840 t
10 CW f
("r+")1080 6960 w
10 R f
(open for update \(reading and writing\))5 1499 1 1480 6960 t
10 CW f
("w+")1080 7080 w
10 R f
(truncate to zero length or create for update)7 1697 1 1480 7080 t
10 CW f
("a+")1080 7200 w
10 R f
(append; open or create for update at end of file)9 1869 1 1480 7200 t
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10 R f
( \( 2S \))3 196( FOPEN)1 3971(FOPEN \( 2S \))3 513 3 720 480 t
( have a)2 306(In addition, each of the above strings can)7 1718 2 1080 960 t
10 CW f
(b)3141 960 w
10 R f
(somewhere after the first character, meaning `binary)6 2162 1 3238 960 t
(file', but this implementation makes no distinction between binary and text files.)11 3223 1 1080 1080 t
10 I f
(Fclose)1080 1248 w
10 R f
(causes the stream pointed to by)5 1296 1 1380 1248 t
10 I f
(f)2710 1248 w
10 R f
( and does a)3 476(to be flushed \(see below\))4 1039 2 2772 1248 t
10 I f
(close)4322 1248 w
10 R f
(\(see)4562 1248 w
10 I f
(open)4757 1248 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) on the)2 441 1 4959 1248 t
( automatically allocated buffer.)3 1250( frees any)2 391( It)1 113(associated file.)1 595 4 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(Fclose)3480 1368 w
10 R f
(is called automatically on)3 1027 1 3772 1368 t
10 I f
(exits)4825 1368 w
10 R f
(\(2\) for all)2 384 1 5016 1368 t
(open streams.)1 549 1 1080 1488 t
10 I f
(Freopen)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(is like open except that it reuses stream pointer)8 1915 1 1448 1656 t
10 I f
(f)3393 1656 w
10 R f
(.)3429 1656 w
10 I f
(Freopen)3509 1656 w
10 R f
(first attempts to close any file associ\255)6 1523 1 3877 1656 t
(ated with)1 369 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(f)1474 1776 w
10 R f
(; it ignores any errors in that close.)7 1387 1 1510 1776 t
10 I f
(Fdopen)1080 1944 w
10 R f
(associates a stream with an open Plan 9 file descriptor.)9 2185 1 1410 1944 t
10 I f
(Fileno)1080 2112 w
10 R f
(returns the number of the Plan 9 file descriptor associated with the stream.)12 2970 1 1366 2112 t
10 I f
(Sopenr)1080 2280 w
10 R f
(associates a read\255only stream with a null\255terminated string.)7 2357 1 1388 2280 t
10 I f
(Sopenw)1080 2448 w
10 R f
( file descriptor is associated with the stream; instead, all output is)11 2697( No)1 179(opens a stream for writing.)4 1101 3 1423 2448 t
(written to the stream buffer.)4 1117 1 1080 2568 t
10 I f
(Sclose)1080 2736 w
10 R f
(closes a stream opened with)4 1124 1 1361 2736 t
10 I f
(sopenr)2511 2736 w
10 R f
(or)2809 2736 w
10 I f
(sopenw)2918 2736 w
10 R f
( buffer associ\255)2 574( returns a pointer to the 0 terminated)7 1463(. It)1 137 3 3226 2736 t
(ated with the stream.)3 832 1 1080 2856 t
( and then)2 370(By default, output to a stream is fully buffered: it is accumulated in a buffer until the buffer is full,)19 3950 2 1080 3024 t
10 I f
(write)1080 3144 w
10 R f
(\(see)1312 3144 w
10 I f
(read)1497 3144 w
10 R f
( exception is standard error, which is line buffered: output)9 2318( An)1 172(\(2\)\) is used to write the buffer.)6 1222 3 1688 3144 t
( fully buffered by default; this means that)7 1677( is also)2 282( Input)1 263(is accumulated in a buffer until a newline is written.)9 2098 4 1080 3264 t
10 I f
(read)1080 3384 w
10 R f
( are taken from that buffer until it emp\255)8 1577(\(2\) is used to fill a buffer as much as it can, and then characters)14 2552 2 1271 3384 t
(ties.)1080 3504 w
10 I f
(Setvbuf)1301 3504 w
10 R f
( file)1 166(changes the buffering method for)4 1358 2 1627 3504 t
10 I f
(f)3184 3504 w
10 R f
(according to)1 504 1 3245 3504 t
10 I f
(type:)3782 3504 w
10 R f
(either)4014 3504 w
10 CW f
(_IOFBF)4274 3504 w
10 R f
(for fully buffered,)2 733 1 4667 3504 t
10 CW f
(_IOLBF)1080 3624 w
10 R f
(for line buffered, or)3 789 1 1466 3624 t
10 CW f
(_IONBF)2281 3624 w
10 R f
(for unbuffered \(each character causes a)5 1566 1 2667 3624 t
10 I f
(read)4259 3624 w
10 R f
(or)4468 3624 w
10 I f
(write\).)4577 3624 w
10 R f
(If)4892 3624 w
10 I f
(buf)4983 3624 w
10 R f
(is sup\255)1 264 1 5136 3624 t
(plied, it is used as the buffer and)7 1312 1 1080 3744 t
10 I f
(size)2419 3744 w
10 R f
(should be its size; If)4 813 1 2596 3744 t
10 I f
(buf)3436 3744 w
10 R f
( buffer of the given size is allocated)7 1448(is zero, a)2 361 2 3591 3744 t
(\(except for the unbuffered case\) using)5 1514 1 1080 3864 t
10 I f
(malloc)2619 3864 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)2899 3864 w
10 I f
(Setbuf)1080 4032 w
10 R f
( If)1 124(is an older method for changing buffering.)6 1742 2 1363 4032 t
10 I f
(buf)3262 4032 w
10 R f
( the)1 156(is supplied, it changes to fully buffered with)7 1821 2 3423 4032 t
( size)1 182(given buffer, which should be of)5 1318 2 1080 4152 t
10 CW f
(BUFSIZ)2607 4152 w
10 R f
(\(defined in)1 437 1 2994 4152 t
10 CW f
(stdio.h)3458 4152 w
10 R f
(\). If)1 176 1 3878 4152 t
10 I f
(buf)4081 4152 w
10 R f
(is zero, the buffering method)4 1164 1 4236 4152 t
(changes to unbuffered.)2 911 1 1080 4272 t
10 I f
(Fflush)1080 4440 w
10 R f
(flushes the buffer of output stream)5 1378 1 1361 4440 t
10 I f
(f)2764 4440 w
10 R f
(, delivering any unwritten buffered data to the host file.)9 2210 1 2800 4440 t
(There is a)2 415 1 1080 4608 t
10 I f
(file position indicator)2 890 1 1531 4608 t
10 R f
( starts out pointing at the first character)7 1651( It)1 123(associated with each stream.)3 1169 3 2457 4608 t
( file posi\255)2 391( The)1 209( is opened with append mode, in which case the indicator is always ignored\).)13 3122(\(unless the file)2 598 4 1080 4728 t
(tion indicator is maintained by the reading and writing functions described in)11 3083 1 1080 4848 t
10 I f
(fgetc)4188 4848 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)4390 4848 w
10 I f
(Fgetpos)1080 5016 w
10 R f
(stores the current value of the file position indicator for stream)10 2521 1 1428 5016 t
10 I f
(f)3976 5016 w
10 R f
(in the object pointed to by)5 1057 1 4031 5016 t
10 I f
(pos)5115 5016 w
10 R f
(. It)1 138 1 5262 5016 t
(returns zero on success, nonzero otherwise.)5 1796 1 1080 5136 t
10 I f
(Ftell)2939 5136 w
10 R f
(returns the current value of the file position indicator.)8 2234 1 3166 5136 t
(The file position indicator is to be used only as an argument to)12 2498 1 1080 5256 t
10 I f
(fseek.)3603 5256 w
(Fsetpos)1080 5424 w
10 R f
(sets the file position indicator for stream)6 1633 1 1419 5424 t
10 I f
(f)3080 5424 w
10 R f
( the object pointed to by)5 989(to the value of)3 583 2 3136 5424 t
10 I f
(pos)4737 5424 w
10 R f
(, which shall)2 516 1 4884 5424 t
(be a value returned by an earlier call to)8 1564 1 1080 5544 t
10 I f
(fgetpos)2670 5544 w
10 R f
( success, nonzero oth\255)3 881( returns zero on)3 626( It)1 112(on the same stream.)3 796 4 2985 5544 t
(erwise.)1080 5664 w
10 I f
(Fseek)1428 5664 w
10 R f
( characters from the beginning of the file, by adding)9 2205(obtains a new position, measured in)5 1497 2 1698 5664 t
10 I f
(offset)1080 5784 w
10 R f
(to the position specified by)4 1123 1 1332 5784 t
10 I f
(whence)2490 5784 w
10 R f
( of the file if)4 535(: the beginning)2 620 2 2797 5784 t
10 I f
(whence)3986 5784 w
10 R f
(is)4319 5784 w
10 CW f
(SEEK_SET)4420 5784 w
10 R f
(; the current)2 500 1 4900 5784 t
(value of the file position indicator for)6 1504 1 1080 5904 t
10 CW f
(SEEK_CUR)2610 5904 w
10 R f
(; and the end\255of\255file for)4 940 1 3090 5904 t
10 CW f
(SEEK_END)4057 5904 w
10 R f
(.)4537 5904 w
10 I f
(Rewind)4614 5904 w
10 R f
(sets the file)2 459 1 4941 5904 t
(position indicator to the beginning of the file.)7 1816 1 1080 6024 t
(An integer constant)2 806 1 1080 6192 t
10 CW f
(EOF)1923 6192 w
10 R f
( deal with)2 420(is returned upon end of file or error by integer\255valued functions that)11 2840 2 2140 6192 t
(streams.)1080 6312 w
10 I f
(Feof)1460 6312 w
10 R f
(returns non\255zero if and only if)5 1200 1 1668 6312 t
10 I f
(f)2893 6312 w
10 R f
(is at its end of file.)5 744 1 2946 6312 t
10 I f
(Ferror)1080 6480 w
10 R f
(returns non\255zero if and only if)5 1235 1 1384 6480 t
10 I f
(f)2651 6480 w
10 R f
( can get into the error state if a system call)10 1771( It)1 119( the error state.)3 622(is in)1 177 4 2711 6480 t
(failed on the associated file or a memory allocation failed.)9 2323 1 1080 6600 t
10 I f
(Clearerr)3453 6600 w
10 R f
(takes a stream out of the error state.)7 1424 1 3828 6600 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6768 t
10 I f
(fprintf)1080 6888 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1339 6888 w
10 I f
(fscanf)1505 6888 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1752 6888 w
10 I f
(fgetc)1918 6888 w
10 R f
(\(2\))2120 6888 w
10 I f
(open)1080 7008 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1282 7008 w
10 I f
(read)1448 7008 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1639 7008 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 7176 t
10 R f
(The value)1 405 1 1080 7296 t
10 CW f
(EOF)1519 7296 w
10 R f
(is returned uniformly to indicate that a)6 1591 1 1733 7296 t
10 CW f
(FILE)3358 7296 w
10 R f
(pointer has not been initialized with)5 1485 1 3633 7296 t
10 I f
(fopen,)5153 7296 w
10 R f
( 218)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2S \))3 196( FOPEN)1 3971(FOPEN \( 2S \))3 513 3 720 480 t
( \(input\) stream, or a)4 798(input \(output\) has been attempted on an output)7 1889 2 1080 960 t
10 CW f
(FILE)3794 960 w
10 R f
(pointer designates corrupt or oth\255)4 1339 1 4061 960 t
(erwise unintelligible)1 819 1 1080 1080 t
10 CW f
(FILE)1924 1080 w
10 R f
(data.)2189 1080 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 1248 t
10 R f
( until long after it is computed)6 1217(Buffering of output can prevent output data from being seen)9 2404 2 1080 1368 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4727 1368 w
10 R f
(perhaps never,)1 582 1 4818 1368 t
(as when an abort occurs between buffer filling and flushing.)9 2400 1 1080 1488 t
( can cause trouble)3 729( This)1 232( it actually uses.)3 656(Buffering of input can cause a process to consume more input than)11 2703 4 1080 1608 t
(across)1080 1728 w
10 I f
(exec)1354 1728 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)1538 1728 w
(Buffering may delay the receipt of a write error until a subsequent)11 2762 1 1080 1848 t
10 I f
(stdio)3878 1848 w
10 R f
( file\255closing)1 492(writing, seeking, or)2 799 2 4109 1848 t
(call.)1080 1968 w
( 9)1 78( Plan)1 205( In)1 135(ANSI says that a file can be fully buffered only if the file is not attached to an interactive device.)19 3902 4 1080 2088 t
(all are fully buffered except standard error.)6 1713 1 1080 2208 t
10 I f
(Fdopen)1080 2376 w
10 R f
(,)1393 2376 w
10 I f
(fileno)1443 2376 w
10 R f
(,)1679 2376 w
10 I f
(sopenr)1729 2376 w
10 R f
(,)2009 2376 w
10 I f
(sopenw)2059 2376 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 2367 2376 t
10 I f
(sclose)2586 2376 w
10 R f
(are not ANSI stdio functions.)4 1174 1 2855 2376 t
(Stdio offers no support for runes or)6 1427 1 1080 2544 t
9 R f
(UTF)2533 2544 w
10 R f
( is necessary, use)3 699( external compatibility)2 911(characters. Unless)1 753 3 2731 2544 t
10 I f
(bio)5123 2544 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)5259 2544 w
(which supports)1 608 1 1080 2664 t
9 R f
(UTF)1711 2664 w
10 R f
(and is smaller, faster, and simpler than stdio.)7 1787 1 1906 2664 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 219)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( FORK)1 4133(FORK \( 2 \))3 407 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(fork, rfork)1 415 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1520 1080 w
10 R f
(manipulate process resources)2 1169 1 1610 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(int fork\(void\))1 840 1 1080 1368 t
(int rfork\(int flags\))2 1200 1 1080 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 R f
( The)1 209( way new processes are created.)5 1292(Forking is the only)3 768 3 1080 1824 t
10 I f
(flags)3378 1824 w
10 R f
(argument to)1 484 1 3602 1824 t
10 I f
(rfork)4115 1824 w
10 R f
(selects which resources of)3 1056 1 4344 1824 t
( process \(parent\) are shared by the new process \(child\) or initialized to their default values.)15 3804(the invoking)1 516 2 1080 1944 t
( shared, permits pro\255)3 841(The resources include the file name space, the open file descriptor table \(which, when)13 3479 2 1080 2064 t
( open and close files for other processes\), the set of environment variables \(see)13 3246(cesses to)1 361 2 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(env)4720 2184 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\), the note)2 534 1 4866 2184 t
( to a member's)3 620(group \(the set of processes that receive notes written)8 2151 2 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(notepg)3884 2304 w
10 R f
(file; see)1 321 1 4277 2304 t
10 I f
(proc)4631 2304 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\), and open)2 578 1 4822 2304 t
(files.)1080 2424 w
10 I f
(Flags)1327 2424 w
10 R f
(is the logical OR of some subset of)7 1402 1 1580 2424 t
10 CW f
(RFPROC)1080 2592 w
10 R f
(If set a new process is created; otherwise changes affect the current process.)12 3031 1 1440 2712 t
10 CW f
(RFNAMEG)1080 2880 w
10 R f
( a copy of the parent's name space; otherwise the new process)11 2666(If set, the new process inherits)5 1294 2 1440 3000 t
( mutually exclusive with)3 986( Is)1 122(shares the parent's name space.)4 1254 3 1440 3120 t
10 CW f
(RFCNAMEG)3827 3120 w
10 R f
(.)4307 3120 w
10 CW f
(RFNOWAIT)1080 3288 w
10 R f
( child process will be disassociated from the parent. Upon exit the child will leave no)15 3566(If set, the)2 394 2 1440 3408 t
10 CW f
(Waitmsg)1440 3528 w
10 R f
(\(see)1885 3528 w
10 I f
(wait)2070 3528 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) for the parent to collect.)5 1130 1 2251 3528 t
10 CW f
(RFCNAMEG)1080 3696 w
10 R f
( starts with a clean name space. A new name space must be built from a)15 3031(If set, the new process)4 929 2 1440 3816 t
( mutually exclusive with)3 986( Is)1 122(mount of an open file descriptor.)5 1309 3 1440 3936 t
10 CW f
(RFNAMEG)3882 3936 w
10 R f
(.)4302 3936 w
10 CW f
(RFENVG)1080 4104 w
10 R f
( copied; otherwise the two processes share environment vari\255)8 2495(If set, the environment variables are)5 1465 2 1440 4224 t
( mutually exclusive with)3 986(ables. Is)1 352 2 1440 4344 t
10 CW f
(RFCENVG)2803 4344 w
10 R f
(.)3223 4344 w
10 CW f
(RFCENVG)1080 4512 w
10 R f
( mutually exclusive with)3 986( Is)1 122(If set, the new process starts with an empty environment.)9 2277 3 1440 4632 t
10 CW f
(RFENVG)4850 4632 w
10 R f
(.)5210 4632 w
10 CW f
(RFNOTEG)1080 4800 w
10 R f
( written to)2 425(Each process is a member of a group of processes that all receive notes when a note is)17 3535 2 1440 4920 t
(any of their)2 468 1 1440 5040 t
10 CW f
(notepg)1937 5040 w
10 R f
(files \(see)1 361 1 2326 5040 t
10 I f
(proc)2716 5040 w
10 R f
( group of a new process is by default the same as its)12 2110(\(3\)\). The)1 383 2 2907 5040 t
(parent, but if)2 539 1 1440 5160 t
10 CW f
(RFNOTEG)2017 5160 w
10 R f
(is set \(regardless of)3 815 1 2475 5160 t
10 CW f
(RFPROC)3329 5160 w
10 R f
(\), the process becomes the first in a new)8 1711 1 3689 5160 t
(group, isolated from previous processes.)4 1614 1 1440 5280 t
10 CW f
(RFFDG)1080 5448 w
10 R f
(If set, the invoker's file descriptor table \(see)7 1776 1 1440 5448 t
10 I f
(intro)3243 5448 w
10 R f
( two processes share)3 826(\(2\)\) is copied; otherwise the)4 1128 2 3446 5448 t
(a single table.)2 552 1 1440 5568 t
10 CW f
(RFCFDG)1080 5736 w
10 R f
( mutually exclusive with)3 1067( Is)1 149(If set, the new process starts with a clean file descriptor table.)11 2744 3 1440 5856 t
10 CW f
(RFCFDG)1440 5976 w
10 R f
(.)1800 5976 w
10 CW f
(RFMEM)1080 6144 w
10 R f
(If set, the kernel will mark segments of type)8 1793 1 1440 6144 t
10 CW f
(data)3262 6144 w
10 R f
(and)3531 6144 w
10 CW f
(bss)3704 6144 w
10 R f
( inherit)1 291(as shared. The child will then)5 1196 2 3913 6144 t
( Subse\255)1 328( the parent process owns. Other segment types will be unaffected.)10 2682(all the shared segments)3 950 3 1440 6264 t
( stack)1 234( The)1 209( between children.)2 742(quent forks by the parent will then propagate the shared data and bss)12 2775 4 1440 6384 t
( be set only with)4 661( May)1 233(segment is always split.)3 950 3 1440 6504 t
10 CW f
(RFPROC)3309 6504 w
10 R f
(.)3669 6504 w
( in a shared file descriptor table are kept open until either they are explicitly closed or all)17 3693(File descriptors)1 627 2 1080 6672 t
(processes sharing the table exit.)4 1267 1 1080 6792 t
(If)1080 6960 w
10 CW f
(RFPROC)1177 6960 w
10 R f
( the value returned in the parent process is the process id of the child process; the value)17 3598(is set,)1 234 2 1568 6960 t
( Without)1 387(returned in the child is zero.)5 1165 2 1080 7080 t
10 CW f
(RFPROC)2666 7080 w
10 R f
( ids range from 1 to the)6 980( Process)1 363( value is zero.)3 578(, the return)2 453 4 3026 7080 t
(maximum integer \()2 828 1 1080 7200 t
10 CW f
(int)1908 7200 w
10 R f
(\) value.)1 330 1 2088 7200 t
10 I f
(Rfork)2499 7200 w
10 R f
( required process resources are)4 1356(will sleep, if necessary, until)4 1267 2 2777 7200 t
( 220)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( FORK)1 4133(FORK \( 2 \))3 407 3 720 480 t
(available.)1080 960 w
10 I f
(Fork)1080 1128 w
10 R f
(is just a call of)4 583 1 1299 1128 t
10 CW f
(rfork\(RFFDG|RFPROC\))1907 1128 w
10 R f
(.)3047 1128 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1296 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 1416 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1283 1416 w
10 I f
(proc)1449 1416 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1640 1416 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 1584 t
10 R f
(These functions set)2 771 1 1080 1704 t
10 I f
(errstr.)1876 1704 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 221)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2S \))3 196( FPRINTF)1 3887(FPRINTF \( 2S \))3 597 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( vsprintf)1 361(fprintf, printf, sprintf, vfprintf, vprintf,)4 1540 2 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3006 1080 w
10 R f
(print formatted output)2 883 1 3096 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <stdio.h>)1 1080 1 1080 1368 t
(int fprintf \(FILE *f, char *format, ...\);)6 2460 1 1080 1536 t
(int printf\(char *format, ...\);)3 1800 1 1080 1704 t
(int sprintf \(char *s, char *format, ...\);)6 2460 1 1080 1872 t
(int vfprintf \(FILE *f, char *format, char *args\);)7 2940 1 1080 2040 t
(int vprintf\(char *format, char *args\);)4 2280 1 1080 2208 t
(int vsprintf \(char *s, char *format, char *args\);)7 2940 1 1080 2376 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2544 t
10 I f
(Fprintf)1080 2664 w
10 R f
(places output on the named output stream)6 1671 1 1390 2664 t
10 I f
(f)3087 2664 w
10 R f
(\(see)3141 2664 w
10 I f
(fopen)3327 2664 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\).)3557 2664 w
10 I f
(Printf)3782 2664 w
10 R f
( standard out\255)2 553(places output on the)3 805 2 4042 2664 t
(put stream)1 421 1 1080 2784 t
10 I f
(stdout)1528 2784 w
10 R f
(.)1781 2784 w
10 I f
(Sprintf)1858 2784 w
10 R f
(places output followed by the null character \()7 1824 1 2158 2784 t
10 CW f
(\\0)3982 2784 w
10 R f
( starting at)2 424(\) in consecutive bytes)3 874 2 4102 2784 t
10 I f
(s)1080 2904 w
10 R f
( to ensure that enough storage is available.)7 1711(; it is the user's responsibility)5 1186 2 1127 2904 t
10 I f
(Vfprintf)4076 2904 w
10 R f
(,)4396 2904 w
10 I f
(vprintf)4448 2904 w
10 R f
(, and)1 196 1 4723 2904 t
10 I f
(vsprintf)4946 2904 w
10 R f
(are)5279 2904 w
(the same, except the)3 827 1 1080 3024 t
10 I f
(args)1938 3024 w
10 R f
( in an argument list of the calling function,)8 1747(argument is a pointer to an argument)6 1506 2 2147 3024 t
(and the effect is as if the calling function's argument list from that point on is passed to the)18 3635 1 1080 3144 t
10 I f
(printf)4740 3144 w
10 R f
(routines.)4988 3144 w
(Each function returns the number of characters transmitted \(not including the)10 3083 1 1080 3312 t
10 CW f
(\\0)4189 3312 w
10 R f
(in the case of)3 532 1 4335 3312 t
10 I f
(sprintf)4893 3312 w
10 R f
(\), or a)2 237 1 5163 3312 t
(negative value if an output error was encountered.)7 2000 1 1080 3432 t
( and print their trailing arguments under control of a)9 2182(These functions convert, format,)3 1330 2 1080 3600 t
10 I f
(format)4628 3600 w
10 R f
(string. The)1 469 1 4931 3600 t
10 I f
(format)1080 3720 w
10 R f
( stream, and)2 501(contains two types of objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to the output)13 3518 2 1381 3720 t
( results are)2 462( The)1 220(conversion specifications, each of which results in fetching of zero or more arguments.)12 3638 3 1080 3840 t
( the format is)3 554( If)1 124( format.)1 324(undefined if there are arguments of the wrong type or too few arguments for the)14 3318 4 1080 3960 t
(exhausted while arguments remain, the excess are ignored.)7 2347 1 1080 4080 t
(Each conversion specification is introduced by the character)7 2556 1 1080 4248 t
10 CW f
(%)3683 4248 w
10 R f
( the)1 170(. After)1 308 2 3743 4248 t
10 CW f
(%)4269 4248 w
10 R f
(, the following appear in)4 1071 1 4329 4248 t
(sequence:)1080 4368 w
(Zero or more)2 526 1 1440 4536 t
10 I f
(flags)1991 4536 w
10 R f
(, which modify the meaning of the conversion specification.)8 2402 1 2194 4536 t
( string specifying a minimum)4 1234(An optional decimal digit)3 1064 2 1440 4704 t
10 I f
(field width)1 440 1 3777 4704 t
10 R f
( the converted value has)4 1020(. If)1 155 2 4225 4704 t
( the left)2 313(fewer characters than the field width, it will be padded with spaces on the left \(or right, if)17 3647 2 1440 4824 t
(adjustment, described later, has been given\) to the field width.)9 2485 1 1440 4944 t
(An optional)1 476 1 1440 5112 t
10 I f
(precision)1942 5112 w
10 R f
(that gives the minimum number of digits to appear for the)10 2325 1 2348 5112 t
10 CW f
(d)4699 5112 w
10 R f
(,)4759 5112 w
10 CW f
(i)4810 5112 w
10 R f
(,)4870 5112 w
10 CW f
(o)4921 5112 w
10 R f
(,)4981 5112 w
10 CW f
(u)5032 5112 w
10 R f
(,)5092 5112 w
10 CW f
(x)5144 5112 w
10 R f
(, and)1 196 1 5204 5112 t
10 CW f
(X)1440 5232 w
10 R f
( digits to appear after the decimal point for the)9 1918(conversions, the number of)3 1111 2 1533 5232 t
10 CW f
(e)4594 5232 w
10 R f
(,)4654 5232 w
10 CW f
(E)4711 5232 w
10 R f
(, and)1 201 1 4771 5232 t
10 CW f
(f)5004 5232 w
10 R f
(conver\255)5096 5232 w
( number of significant digits for the)6 1493(sions, the maximum)2 831 2 1440 5352 t
10 CW f
(g)3801 5352 w
10 R f
(and)3898 5352 w
10 CW f
(G)4079 5352 w
10 R f
(conversions, or the maximum)3 1224 1 4176 5352 t
( be written from a string in)6 1071(number of characters to)3 947 2 1440 5472 t
10 CW f
(s)3483 5472 w
10 R f
( precision takes the form of a)6 1164(conversion. The)1 668 2 3568 5472 t
(period \()1 313 1 1440 5592 t
10 CW f
(.)1753 5592 w
10 R f
( by an optional decimal integer; if the integer is omitted, it is treated as zero.)15 3049(\) followed)1 438 2 1813 5592 t
(An optional)1 490 1 1440 5760 t
10 CW f
(h)1970 5760 w
10 R f
(specifying that a following)3 1119 1 2070 5760 t
10 CW f
(d)3229 5760 w
10 R f
(,)3289 5760 w
10 CW f
(i)3354 5760 w
10 R f
(,)3414 5760 w
10 CW f
(o)3479 5760 w
10 R f
(,)3539 5760 w
10 CW f
(u)3604 5760 w
10 R f
(,)3664 5760 w
10 CW f
(x)3729 5760 w
10 R f
(or)3829 5760 w
10 CW f
(X)3952 5760 w
10 R f
( to a)2 204(conversion specifier applies)2 1144 2 4052 5760 t
10 CW f
(short int)1 514 1 1440 5880 t
10 R f
(or)1988 5880 w
10 CW f
(unsigned short)1 814 1 2105 5880 t
10 R f
(argument \(the argument will have been promoted according)7 2448 1 2952 5880 t
(to the integral promotions, and its value shall be converted to)10 2625 1 1440 6000 t
10 CW f
(short)4108 6000 w
10 R f
(or)4451 6000 w
10 CW f
(unsigned short)1 823 1 4577 6000 t
10 R f
(before printing\); an optional)3 1183 1 1440 6120 t
10 CW f
(h)2666 6120 w
10 R f
(specifying that a following)3 1128 1 2769 6120 t
10 CW f
(n)3940 6120 w
10 R f
( a)1 86(conversion specifier applies to)3 1271 2 4043 6120 t
(pointer to a)2 471 1 1440 6240 t
10 CW f
(short)1944 6240 w
10 R f
(argument; an optional)2 893 1 2277 6240 t
10 CW f
(l)3203 6240 w
10 R f
( following)1 423(\(ell\) specifying that a)3 875 2 3296 6240 t
10 CW f
(d)4628 6240 w
10 R f
(,)4688 6240 w
10 CW f
(i)4747 6240 w
10 R f
(,)4807 6240 w
10 CW f
(o)4866 6240 w
10 R f
(,)4926 6240 w
10 CW f
(u)4985 6240 w
10 R f
(,)5045 6240 w
10 CW f
(x)5104 6240 w
10 R f
(, or)1 142 1 5164 6240 t
10 CW f
(X)5340 6240 w
10 R f
(conversion character applies to a)4 1335 1 1440 6360 t
10 CW f
(long)2806 6360 w
10 R f
(or)3077 6360 w
10 CW f
(unsigned long)1 751 1 3191 6360 t
10 R f
(argument; an optional)2 889 1 3973 6360 t
10 CW f
(l)4893 6360 w
10 R f
(specifying)4984 6360 w
(that a following)2 673 1 1440 6480 t
10 CW f
(n)2158 6480 w
10 R f
(conversion specifier applies to a pointer to a)7 1906 1 2263 6480 t
10 CW f
(long int)1 466 1 4214 6480 t
10 R f
(argument; or an)2 674 1 4726 6480 t
(optional)1440 6600 w
10 CW f
(L)1808 6600 w
10 R f
(specifying that a following)3 1116 1 1907 6600 t
10 CW f
(e)3062 6600 w
10 R f
(,)3122 6600 w
10 CW f
(E)3186 6600 w
10 R f
(,)3246 6600 w
10 CW f
(f)3310 6600 w
10 R f
(,)3370 6600 w
10 CW f
(g)3434 6600 w
10 R f
(, or)1 147 1 3494 6600 t
10 CW f
(G)3680 6600 w
10 R f
(conversion specifier applies to a)4 1342 1 3779 6600 t
10 CW f
(long)5160 6600 w
(double)1440 6720 w
10 R f
( an)1 126(argument. If)1 525 2 1832 6720 t
10 CW f
(h)2516 6720 w
10 R f
(,)2576 6720 w
10 CW f
(l)2634 6720 w
10 R f
(, or)1 141 1 2694 6720 t
10 CW f
(L)2868 6720 w
10 R f
(appears with any other conversion specifier, the behavior is)8 2439 1 2961 6720 t
(undefined.)1440 6840 w
(A character that indicates the type of conversion to be applied.)10 2497 1 1440 7008 t
(A field width or precision, or both, may be indicated by an asterisk \()13 2875 1 1080 7176 t
10 CW f
(*)3955 7176 w
10 R f
( this)1 181( In)1 144(\) instead of a digit string.)5 1060 3 4015 7176 t
(case, an)1 320 1 1080 7296 t
10 CW f
(int)1430 7296 w
10 I f
(arg)1640 7296 w
10 R f
( arguments specifying field width or precision,)6 1891( The)1 209( or precision.)2 532(supplies the field width)3 951 4 1817 7296 t
( 222)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2S \))3 196( FPRINTF)1 3887(FPRINTF \( 2S \))3 597 3 720 480 t
( negative field width)3 854( A)1 132(or both, shall appear \(in that order\) before the argument \(if any\) to be converted.)14 3334 3 1080 960 t
(argument is taken as a)4 899 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2007 1080 w
10 R f
( as if it were)4 501( negative precision is taken)4 1099( A)1 125(flag followed by a positive field width.)6 1575 4 2100 1080 t
(missing.)1080 1200 w
(The flag characters and their meanings are:)6 1722 1 1080 1368 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 1488 w
10 R f
(The result of the conversion is left\255justified within the field.)9 2392 1 1580 1488 t
10 CW f
(+)1080 1608 w
10 R f
(The result of a signed conversion always begins with a sign \()11 2438 1 1580 1608 t
10 CW f
(+)4018 1608 w
10 R f
(or)4103 1608 w
10 CW f
(\255)4211 1608 w
10 R f
(\).)4271 1608 w
( a sign, or a signed conversion results in no)9 1798( the first character of a signed conversion is not)9 1956(blank If)1 566 3 1080 1728 t
( implies that if the blank and)6 1222( This)1 241( the result.)2 445(characters, a blank is prefixed to)5 1366 4 1580 1848 t
10 CW f
(+)4892 1848 w
10 R f
(flags both)1 410 1 4990 1848 t
(appear, the blank flag is ignored.)5 1311 1 1580 1968 t
10 CW f
(#)1080 2088 w
10 R f
( For)1 194(The result is to be converted to an ``alternate form.'')9 2145 2 1580 2088 t
10 CW f
(o)3949 2088 w
10 R f
( increases the preci\255)3 812(conversion, it)1 549 2 4039 2088 t
( For)1 195(sion to force the first digit of the result to be a zero.)12 2127 2 1580 2208 t
10 CW f
(x)3933 2208 w
10 R f
(or)4024 2208 w
10 CW f
(X)4137 2208 w
10 R f
(conversion, a non\255zero result)3 1173 1 4227 2208 t
(has)1580 2328 w
10 CW f
(0x)1748 2328 w
10 R f
(or)1903 2328 w
10 CW f
(0X)2021 2328 w
10 R f
( For)1 199(prefixed to it.)2 561 2 2176 2328 t
10 CW f
(e)2971 2328 w
10 R f
(,)3031 2328 w
10 CW f
(E)3091 2328 w
10 R f
(,)3151 2328 w
10 CW f
(f)3211 2328 w
10 R f
(,)3271 2328 w
10 CW f
(g)3331 2328 w
10 R f
(, and)1 204 1 3391 2328 t
10 CW f
(G)3630 2328 w
10 R f
(conversions, the result always contains a)5 1675 1 3725 2328 t
( even if no digits follow the point \(normally, a decimal point appears in the result)15 3247(decimal point,)1 573 2 1580 2448 t
( For)1 193( digit follows it\).)3 685(of these conversions only if a)5 1188 3 1580 2568 t
10 CW f
(g)3675 2568 w
10 R f
(and)3764 2568 w
10 CW f
(G)3937 2568 w
10 R f
(conversions, trailing zeros are)3 1209 1 4026 2568 t
10 I f
(not)5264 2568 w
10 R f
( other conversions, the behavior is unde\255)6 1646( For)1 193( normally are.)2 565(be removed from the result as they)6 1416 4 1580 2688 t
(fined.)1580 2808 w
10 CW f
(0)1080 2928 w
10 R f
(For)1580 2928 w
10 CW f
(d)1749 2928 w
10 R f
(,)1809 2928 w
10 CW f
(i)1864 2928 w
10 R f
(,)1924 2928 w
10 CW f
(o)1979 2928 w
10 R f
(,)2039 2928 w
10 CW f
(u)2094 2928 w
10 R f
(,)2154 2928 w
10 CW f
(x)2209 2928 w
10 R f
(,)2269 2928 w
10 CW f
(X)2324 2928 w
10 R f
(,)2384 2928 w
10 CW f
(e)2439 2928 w
10 R f
(,)2499 2928 w
10 CW f
(E)2554 2928 w
10 R f
(,)2614 2928 w
10 CW f
(f)2669 2928 w
10 R f
(,)2729 2928 w
10 CW f
(g)2784 2928 w
10 R f
(, and)1 199 1 2844 2928 t
10 CW f
(G)3073 2928 w
10 R f
( indication of)2 545(conversions, leading zeros \(following any)4 1692 2 3163 2928 t
( the)1 155( If)1 124(sign or base\) are used to pad the field width; no space padding is performed.)14 3173 3 1580 3048 t
10 CW f
(0)5065 3048 w
10 R f
(and)5158 3048 w
10 S1 f
(\261)5335 3048 w
10 R f
(flags both appear, the)3 874 1 1580 3168 t
10 CW f
(0)2484 3168 w
10 R f
( For)1 194(flag will be ignored.)3 825 2 2574 3168 t
10 CW f
(d)3623 3168 w
10 R f
(,)3683 3168 w
10 CW f
(i)3738 3168 w
10 R f
(,)3798 3168 w
10 CW f
(o)3854 3168 w
10 R f
(,)3914 3168 w
10 CW f
(u)3970 3168 w
10 R f
(,)4030 3168 w
10 CW f
(x)4086 3168 w
10 R f
(, and)1 200 1 4146 3168 t
10 CW f
(X)4377 3168 w
10 R f
(conversions, if a preci\255)3 932 1 4468 3168 t
(sion is specified, the)3 816 1 1580 3288 t
10 CW f
(0)2421 3288 w
10 R f
( other conversions, the behavior is undefined.)6 1819( For)1 189(flag will be ignored.)3 810 3 2506 3288 t
(The conversion characters and their meanings are:)6 2005 1 1080 3456 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 3624 w
10 R f
(,)1140 3624 w
10 CW f
(o)1165 3624 w
10 R f
(,)1225 3624 w
10 CW f
(u)1250 3624 w
10 R f
(,)1310 3624 w
10 CW f
(x)1335 3624 w
10 R f
(,)1395 3624 w
10 CW f
(X)1420 3624 w
10 R f
(The integer)1 461 1 1580 3624 t
10 I f
(arg)2071 3624 w
10 R f
(is converted to signed decimal \()5 1298 1 2248 3624 t
10 CW f
(d)3546 3624 w
10 R f
(or)3636 3624 w
10 CW f
(i)3749 3624 w
10 R f
(\), unsigned octal \()3 736 1 3809 3624 t
10 CW f
(o)4545 3624 w
10 R f
(\), unsigned decimal)2 795 1 4605 3624 t
(\()1580 3744 w
10 CW f
(u)1613 3744 w
10 R f
( hexadecimal notation \()3 955(\), or unsigned)2 564 2 1673 3744 t
10 CW f
(x)3192 3744 w
10 R f
(or)3282 3744 w
10 CW f
(X)3395 3744 w
10 R f
(\); the letters)2 487 1 3455 3744 t
10 CW f
(abcdef)3972 3744 w
10 R f
(are used for)2 480 1 4362 3744 t
10 CW f
(x)4872 3744 w
10 R f
(conversion)4962 3744 w
(and the letters)2 560 1 1580 3864 t
10 CW f
(ABCDEF)2165 3864 w
10 R f
(for)2550 3864 w
10 CW f
(X)2691 3864 w
10 R f
( the minimum number of dig\255)5 1191( precision specifies)2 765(conversion. The)1 668 3 2776 3864 t
(its to appear; if the value being converted can be represented in fewer digits, it is expanded)16 3820 1 1580 3984 t
( of converting a zero value with a)7 1422( result)1 258( The)1 216( default precision is 1.)4 929( The)1 216(with leading zeros.)2 779 6 1580 4104 t
(precision of zero is no characters.)5 1340 1 1580 4224 t
10 CW f
(f)1080 4344 w
10 R f
(The)1580 4344 w
10 CW f
(double)1771 4344 w
10 R f
( decimal notation in the style [)6 1288(argument is converted to)3 1023 2 2167 4344 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4478 4344 w
10 R f
(])4543 4344 w
10 I f
(ddd)4576 4344 w
10 CW f
(.)4726 4344 w
10 I f
(ddd)4786 4344 w
10 R f
(, where the)2 464 1 4936 4344 t
( the precision)2 544( If)1 119(number of digits after the decimal point is equal to the precision specification.)12 3157 3 1580 4464 t
(is missing, it is taken as 6; if the precision is explicitly)11 2173 1 1580 4584 t
10 CW f
(0)3778 4584 w
10 R f
(, no decimal point appears.)4 1076 1 3838 4584 t
10 CW f
(e)1080 4704 w
10 R f
(,)1140 4704 w
10 CW f
(E)1165 4704 w
10 R f
(The)1580 4704 w
10 CW f
(double)1760 4704 w
10 R f
(argument is converted in the style [)6 1409 1 2145 4704 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3554 4704 w
10 R f
(])3619 4704 w
10 I f
(d)3652 4704 w
10 CW f
(.)3702 4704 w
10 I f
(ddd)3762 4704 w
10 CW f
(e)3912 4704 w
10 R f
(\261)3972 4704 w
10 I f
(dd)4028 4704 w
10 R f
(, where there is one digit before)6 1272 1 4128 4704 t
( number of digits after it is equal to the precision; when the precision)13 2794(the decimal point and the)4 1026 2 1580 4824 t
( The)1 216( it is taken as 6; if the precision is zero, no decimal point appears.)14 2767(is missing,)1 439 3 1580 4944 t
10 CW f
(E)5038 4944 w
10 R f
(format)5134 4944 w
(code produces a number with)4 1207 1 1580 5064 t
10 CW f
(E)2820 5064 w
10 R f
(instead of)1 399 1 2913 5064 t
10 CW f
(e)3345 5064 w
10 R f
( exponent always)2 709( The)1 213(introducing the exponent.)2 1040 3 3438 5064 t
(contains at least two digits.)4 1086 1 1580 5184 t
10 CW f
(g)1080 5304 w
10 R f
(,)1140 5304 w
10 CW f
(G)1165 5304 w
10 R f
(The)1580 5304 w
10 CW f
(double)1768 5304 w
10 R f
(argument is printed in style)4 1126 1 2161 5304 t
10 CW f
(f)3320 5304 w
10 R f
(or)3413 5304 w
10 CW f
(e)3529 5304 w
10 R f
( style)1 223(\(or in)1 227 2 3622 5304 t
10 CW f
(E)4106 5304 w
10 R f
(in the case of a)4 634 1 4200 5304 t
10 CW f
(G)4868 5304 w
10 R f
(conversion)4962 5304 w
( explicit preci\255)2 598( an)1 128( If)1 125(specifier\), with the precision specifying the number of significant digits.)9 2969 4 1580 5424 t
( used depends on the value converted: style)7 1803( style)1 223( The)1 214(sion is zero, it is taken as 1.)7 1165 4 1580 5544 t
10 CW f
(e)5020 5544 w
10 R f
(is used)1 285 1 5115 5544 t
( the conversion is less than)5 1074(only if the exponent resulting from)5 1401 2 1580 5664 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4080 5664 w
10 R f
(4 or greater than or equal to the)7 1255 1 4145 5664 t
( decimal point)2 580( zeros are removed from the fractional portion of the result; a)11 2474(precision. Trailing)1 766 3 1580 5784 t
(appears only if it is followed by a digit.)8 1574 1 1580 5904 t
10 CW f
(c)1080 6024 w
10 R f
(The)1580 6024 w
10 CW f
(int)1760 6024 w
10 R f
(argument is converted to an)4 1109 1 1965 6024 t
10 CW f
(unsigned char)1 745 1 3099 6024 t
10 R f
(, and the resulting character is written.)6 1530 1 3844 6024 t
10 CW f
(s)1080 6144 w
10 R f
( and characters from the string are)6 1470(The argument is taken to be a string \(character pointer\))9 2350 2 1580 6144 t
(printed until a null character \()5 1219 1 1580 6264 t
10 CW f
(\\0)2799 6264 w
10 R f
(\) is encountered or the number of characters indicated by the)10 2481 1 2919 6264 t
( so all)2 259( the precision is missing, it is taken to be infinite,)10 2057( If)1 125(precision specification is reached.)3 1379 4 1580 6384 t
( value for the argument yields unde\255)6 1459( zero)1 199( A)1 125(characters up to the first null character are printed.)8 2037 4 1580 6504 t
(fined results.)1 516 1 1580 6624 t
10 CW f
(P)1080 6744 w
10 R f
(The)1580 6744 w
10 CW f
(void *)1 361 1 1761 6744 t
10 R f
(argument is printed in an implementation defined way \(for Plan 9: the address as)13 3252 1 2148 6744 t
(hexadecimal number\).)1 892 1 1580 6864 t
10 CW f
(n)1080 6984 w
10 R f
(The argument shall be a pointer to an integer into which is)11 2443 1 1580 6984 t
10 I f
(written)4059 6984 w
10 R f
(the number of characters)3 1021 1 4379 6984 t
(written to the output stream so far by this call to)10 1921 1 1580 7104 t
10 I f
(fprintf)3526 7104 w
10 R f
( argument is converted.)3 937(. No)1 197 2 3785 7104 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 223)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2S \))3 196( FPRINTF)1 3887(FPRINTF \( 2S \))3 597 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(%)1080 960 w
10 R f
(Print a)1 264 1 1580 960 t
10 CW f
(%)1869 960 w
10 R f
(; no argument is converted.)4 1090 1 1929 960 t
(If a conversion specification is invalid, the behavior is undefined.)9 2615 1 1080 1128 t
( for an array of character type using)7 1432(If any argument is, or points to, a union or an aggregate \(except)12 2539 2 1080 1296 t
10 CW f
(%s)5077 1296 w
10 R f
(con\255)5223 1296 w
(version, or a pointer cast to be a pointer to)9 1686 1 1080 1416 t
10 CW f
(void)2791 1416 w
10 R f
(using)3056 1416 w
10 CW f
(%P)3298 1416 w
10 R f
(conversion\), the behavior is undefined.)4 1558 1 3443 1416 t
( case does a nonexistent or small field width cause truncation of a field; if the result of a conversion is)20 4111(In no)1 209 2 1080 1584 t
(wider than the field width, the field is expanded to contain the conversion result.)13 3215 1 1080 1704 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1872 t
10 I f
(fopen)1080 1992 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1310 1992 w
10 I f
(fscanf)1476 1992 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1723 1992 w
10 I f
(print)1889 1992 w
10 R f
(\(2\))2092 1992 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2160 t
10 R f
(There is no way to print a wide character \(rune\).)9 1927 1 1080 2280 t
( 224)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2X \))3 212( FRAME)1 3911(FRAME \( 2X \))3 557 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( frptofchar, frinsert, frdelete, frselect, frselectp, frselectf, frgetmouse)7 2796(frinit, frsetrects, frclear, frcharofpt,)3 1424 2 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)5335 1080 w
10 R f
(frames of text)2 554 1 1080 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(#include <u.h>)1 840 1 1080 1488 t
(#include <libc.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1608 t
(#include <libg.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1728 t
(#include <frame.h>)1 1080 1 1080 1848 t
( *f, Rectangle r, Font *ft, Bitmap *b\);)7 2340(void frinit\(Frame)1 1080 2 1080 2016 t
( *f, Rectangle r, Bitmap *b\);)5 1740(void frsetrects\(Frame)1 1320 2 1080 2184 t
( *f\);)1 300(void frclear\(Frame)1 1140 2 1080 2352 t
(ulong frcharofpt\(Frame *f, Point pt\);)4 2220 1 1080 2520 t
(Point frptofchar\(Frame *f, ulong p\);)4 2160 1 1080 2688 t
( *f, Rune *r0, Rune *r1, ulong p\);)7 2040(void frinsert\(Frame)1 1200 2 1080 2856 t
( *f, ulong p0, ulong p1\);)5 1500(int frdelete\(Frame)1 1200 2 1080 3024 t
( *f, Mouse *m\);)3 900(void frselect\(Frame)1 1200 2 1080 3192 t
( *f, Fcode fc\);)3 900(void frselectp\(Frame)1 1260 2 1080 3360 t
( *f, Point p0, Point p1, Fcode c\);)7 2040(void frselectf\(Frame)1 1260 2 1080 3528 t
(extern void frgetmouse\(void\);)2 1740 1 1080 3696 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 3864 t
10 R f
(This library supports)2 859 1 1080 3984 t
10 I f
(frames)1977 3984 w
10 R f
( displays, such as in)4 853(of editable text in a single font on bitmap)8 1753 2 2287 3984 t
10 I f
(sam)4932 3984 w
10 R f
(\(1\) and)1 299 1 5101 3984 t
10 I f
(8\275)1080 4104 w
10 R f
( lines are folded and tabs are at fixed inter\255)9 1754( Long)1 266( any character except NUL \(0\).)5 1264( may hold)2 412(\(1\). Frames)1 491 5 1213 4104 t
(vals.)1080 4224 w
(The user\255visible data structure, a)4 1305 1 1080 4392 t
10 CW f
(Frame)2410 4392 w
10 R f
(, is defined in)3 544 1 2710 4392 t
10 CW f
(<frame.h>)3279 4392 w
10 R f
(:)3819 4392 w
10 CW f
(typedef struct Frame Frame;)3 1620 1 1440 4560 t
(struct Frame)1 720 1 1440 4680 t
({)1440 4800 w
( of chars in the frame */)6 1500( /*)1 720(Font *font;)1 960 3 1740 4920 t
( on which frame appears */)5 1560( /*)1 900(Bitmap *b;)1 780 3 1740 5040 t
( in which text appears */)5 1500( /*)1 960(Rectangle r;)1 720 3 1740 5160 t
( of full frame */)4 1020( /*)1 660(Rectangle entire;)1 1020 3 1740 5280 t
(Frbox *box;)1 900 1 1740 5400 t
( selection */)2 780( /*)1 660( p1;)1 240(ulong p0,)1 780 4 1740 5520 t
( left edge of text */)5 1260( /*)1 780(short left;)1 900 3 1740 5640 t
( nalloc;)1 480(ushort nbox,)1 900 2 1740 5760 t
( max size of tab, in pixels */)7 1800( /*)1 660(ushort maxtab;)1 1020 3 1740 5880 t
( # runes in frame */)5 1200( /*)1 660(ushort nchars;)1 1020 3 1740 6000 t
( # lines with text */)5 1260( /*)1 660(ushort nlines;)1 1020 3 1740 6120 t
( total # lines in frame */)6 1560( /*)1 540(ushort maxlines;)1 1140 3 1740 6240 t
( last line fills frame */)5 1500( /*)1 300(ushort lastlinefull;)1 1380 3 1740 6360 t
( changed since frselect\(\) */)4 1680( /*)1 540(ushort modified;)1 1140 3 1740 6480 t
(};)1440 6600 w
(Frbox)1080 6768 w
10 R f
( by the interface.)3 685(is an internal type and is not used)7 1363 2 1409 6768 t
10 CW f
(P0)3512 6768 w
10 R f
(and)3662 6768 w
10 CW f
(p1)3836 6768 w
10 R f
(may be changed by the application)5 1414 1 3986 6768 t
( called afterwards to maintain a consistent display.)7 2075(provided the selection routines are)4 1411 2 1080 6888 t
10 I f
(Maxtab)4624 6888 w
10 R f
(determines)4962 6888 w
(the size of tab stops.)4 813 1 1080 7008 t
10 I f
(Frinit)1943 7008 w
10 R f
( 8 times the width of a)6 900(sets it to)2 334 2 2202 7008 t
10 CW f
(0)3462 7008 w
10 R f
(\(zero\) character in the font; it may be changed)8 1852 1 3548 7008 t
( other elements of the structure are maintained by the library and)11 2608( The)1 207( frame.)1 284(before any text is added to the)6 1221 4 1080 7128 t
(should not be modified directly.)4 1280 1 1080 7248 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 225)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2X \))3 212( FRAME)1 3911(FRAME \( 2X \))3 557 3 720 480 t
( designed to work alongside another)5 1490(The text within frames is not directly addressable; instead frames are)10 2830 2 1080 960 t
( a longer document such as a)6 1177( typical application is to display a section of)8 1800( The)1 210(structure that holds the text.)4 1133 4 1080 1080 t
( in the window)3 645( the application will keep its own copy of the text)10 2126( Usually)1 376(text file or terminal session.)4 1173 4 1080 1200 t
(\(probably as an array of)4 968 1 1080 1320 t
10 CW f
(Runes)2077 1320 w
10 R f
(\) and pass components of this text to the frame routines to display the visi\255)14 3023 1 2377 1320 t
( the text that is visible is held by the)9 1541( Only)1 261(ble portion.)1 472 3 1080 1440 t
10 CW f
(Frame)3390 1440 w
10 R f
( application must check)3 982(; the)1 186 2 3690 1440 t
10 CW f
(maxlines)4895 1440 w
10 R f
(,)5375 1440 w
10 CW f
(nlines)1080 1560 w
10 R f
(, and)1 201 1 1440 1560 t
10 CW f
(lastlinefull)1673 1560 w
10 R f
( at the)2 256(to determine, for example, whether new text needs to be appended)10 2719 2 2425 1560 t
(end of the)2 399 1 1080 1680 t
10 CW f
(Frame)1504 1680 w
10 R f
(after calling)1 479 1 1829 1680 t
10 I f
(frdelete)2333 1680 w
10 R f
(\(q.v.\).)2663 1680 w
( routines in the library to allocate)6 1338(There are no)2 505 2 1080 1848 t
10 CW f
(Frames)2950 1848 w
10 R f
(; instead the interface assumes that)5 1399 1 3310 1848 t
10 CW f
(Frames)4736 1848 w
10 R f
(will be)1 277 1 5123 1848 t
(components of larger structures.)3 1313 1 1080 1968 t
10 I f
(Frinit)2452 1968 w
10 R f
(prepares the)1 493 1 2720 1968 t
10 CW f
(Frame)3246 1968 w
10 I f
(f)3579 1968 w
10 R f
(so characters drawn in it will appear in the)8 1760 1 3640 1968 t
(single)1080 2088 w
10 CW f
(Font)1353 2088 w
10 I f
(ft.)1627 2088 w
10 R f
(It then calls)2 484 1 1742 2088 t
10 CW f
(frsetrects)2260 2088 w
10 R f
( the geometry for the)4 877(to initialize)1 462 2 2894 2088 t
10 CW f
(Frame.)4268 2088 w
10 R f
(The)4663 2088 w
10 CW f
(Bitmap)4853 2088 w
10 I f
(b)5248 2088 w
10 R f
(is)5333 2088 w
(where the)1 399 1 1080 2208 t
10 CW f
(Frame)1513 2208 w
10 R f
(is to be drawn;)3 615 1 1846 2208 t
10 CW f
(Rectangle)2494 2208 w
10 I f
(r)3067 2208 w
10 R f
(defines the limit of the portion of the)7 1530 1 3139 2208 t
10 CW f
(Bitmap)4702 2208 w
10 R f
(the text)1 305 1 5095 2208 t
( The)1 216(will occupy.)1 505 2 1080 2328 t
10 CW f
(Bitmap)1837 2328 w
10 R f
( allowing the other routines to be called to maintain the)10 2329(pointer may be null,)3 838 2 2233 2328 t
(associated data structure in, for example, an obscured window.)8 2508 1 1080 2448 t
10 I f
(Frclear)1080 2616 w
10 R f
( structures associated with)3 1066(frees the internal)2 678 2 1414 2616 t
10 I f
(f,)3188 2616 w
10 R f
(permitting another)1 746 1 3271 2616 t
10 I f
(frinit)4047 2616 w
10 R f
(or)4278 2616 w
10 I f
(frsetrects)4391 2616 w
10 R f
(on the)1 252 1 4793 2616 t
10 CW f
(Frame)5075 2616 w
10 R f
(.)5375 2616 w
(If)1080 2736 w
10 I f
(f)1171 2736 w
10 R f
(is to be deallocated, the associated)5 1375 1 1224 2736 t
10 CW f
(Font)2624 2736 w
10 R f
(and)2889 2736 w
10 CW f
(Bitmap)3058 2736 w
10 R f
(must be freed separately.)3 997 1 3443 2736 t
(To reshape a)2 525 1 1080 2904 t
10 CW f
(Frame)1638 2904 w
10 R f
(, use)1 191 1 1938 2904 t
10 I f
(frclear)2162 2904 w
10 R f
(and)2467 2904 w
10 I f
(frinit)2644 2904 w
10 R f
(and then)1 349 1 2878 2904 t
10 I f
(frinsert)3260 2904 w
10 R f
( a)1 77( If)1 124(\(q.v.\) to recreate the display.)4 1176 3 3588 2904 t
10 CW f
(Frame)4999 2904 w
10 R f
(is)5333 2904 w
( its containing rectangle is unchanged, it is sufficient)8 2146(being moved but not reshaped, that is, if the shape of)10 2174 2 1080 3024 t
(to)1080 3144 w
10 I f
(bitblt)1184 3144 w
10 R f
( rectangle from the old to the new location and then call)11 2254(\(2\) the containing)2 712 2 1404 3144 t
10 I f
(frsetrects)4397 3144 w
10 R f
(to establish the)2 604 1 4796 3144 t
( redrawing is necessary.)3 958( No)1 172(new geometry.)1 593 3 1080 3264 t
10 CW f
(Frames)1080 3432 w
10 R f
( runes, not as bytes.)4 792(hold text as)2 461 2 1465 3432 t
10 I f
(Frptofchar)2769 3432 w
10 R f
(returns the location of the upper left corner of the)9 1979 1 3234 3432 t
10 I f
(p'th)5239 3432 w
10 R f
(rune in the)2 437 1 1080 3552 t
10 CW f
(Frame)1547 3552 w
10 I f
(f.)1877 3552 w
10 R f
(If)1960 3552 w
10 I f
(f)2056 3552 w
10 R f
( than)1 201(holds fewer)1 473 2 2114 3552 t
10 I f
(p)2817 3552 w
10 R f
(runes,)2896 3552 w
10 I f
(frptofchar)3166 3552 w
10 R f
(returns the location of the upper right corner)7 1799 1 3601 3552 t
(of the last character in)4 918 1 1080 3672 t
10 I f
(f. Frcharofpt)1 525 1 2031 3672 t
10 R f
( the index of the closest rune whose image's)8 1841(is the inverse: it returns)4 970 2 2589 3672 t
(upper left corner is up and to the left of)9 1566 1 1080 3792 t
10 I f
(pt.)2671 3792 w
(Frinsert)1080 3960 w
10 R f
(inserts into)1 443 1 1434 3960 t
10 CW f
(Frame)1903 3960 w
10 I f
(f)2229 3960 w
10 R f
(starting at rune index)3 849 1 2283 3960 t
10 I f
(p)3158 3960 w
10 R f
(the runes between)2 722 1 3234 3960 t
10 I f
(r0)3982 3960 w
10 R f
(and)4097 3960 w
10 I f
(r1.)4267 3960 w
10 R f
( is)1 94(If a NUL \(0\) character)4 899 2 4407 3960 t
( newlines are handled by the library, but all other characters, including)11 2841( and)1 172( Tabs)1 247(inserted, chaos will ensue.)3 1060 4 1080 4080 t
( backspaces are printed; to erase a character, use)8 2120( example,)1 411( For)1 212(control characters, are just displayed.)4 1577 4 1080 4200 t
10 I f
(frdelete.)1080 4320 w
(Frdelete)1080 4488 w
10 R f
(deletes from the)2 657 1 1450 4488 t
10 CW f
(Frame)2139 4488 w
10 R f
(the text between)2 668 1 2471 4488 t
10 I f
(p0)3171 4488 w
10 R f
(and)3303 4488 w
10 I f
(p1)3479 4488 w
10 R f
(;)3587 4488 w
10 I f
(p1)3647 4488 w
10 R f
( first rune beyond the dele\255)5 1118(points at the)2 503 2 3779 4488 t
(tion.)1080 4608 w
10 I f
(Frselect)1080 4776 w
10 R f
(tracks the mouse to select a contiguous string of text in the)11 2378 1 1435 4776 t
10 CW f
(Frame)3841 4776 w
10 R f
( 1)1 79( called, mouse button)3 864(. When)1 316 3 4141 4776 t
( will set)2 351( will return when the button is released and)8 1869( It)1 129(should be depressed.)2 865 4 1080 4896 t
10 I f
(f)4336 4896 w
10 CW f
(\255>p0)4372 4896 w
10 R f
(and)4654 4896 w
10 I f
(f)4840 4896 w
10 CW f
(\255>p1)4876 4896 w
10 R f
(to the)1 242 1 5158 4896 t
(selected range of text.)3 887 1 1080 5016 t
10 I f
(Frselectf)2021 5016 w
10 R f
(and)2405 5016 w
10 I f
(Frselectp)2578 5016 w
10 R f
(modify the display of the selected text.)6 1575 1 2984 5016 t
10 I f
(Frselectf)4614 5016 w
10 R f
(highlights)4999 5016 w
(the text between)2 682 1 1080 5136 t
10 I f
(p0)1801 5136 w
10 R f
(and)1939 5136 w
10 I f
(p1)2121 5136 w
10 R f
(\(which must have been returned by)5 1470 1 2259 5136 t
10 I f
(frptofochar)3767 5136 w
10 R f
(\) using)1 288 1 4231 5136 t
10 CW f
(bitblt)4557 5136 w
10 R f
(in mode)1 338 1 4955 5136 t
10 I f
(c.)5331 5136 w
(Frselectp)1080 5256 w
10 R f
(is similar but highlights the text from)6 1526 1 1488 5256 t
10 I f
(f)3045 5256 w
10 CW f
(\255>p0)3081 5256 w
10 R f
(to)3352 5256 w
10 I f
(f)3461 5256 w
10 CW f
(\255>p1)3497 5256 w
10 I f
(.)3745 5256 w
10 R f
(Neither)3826 5256 w
10 I f
(frselectf)4156 5256 w
10 R f
(nor)4509 5256 w
10 I f
(frselectp)4674 5256 w
10 R f
(modifies)5050 5256 w
10 I f
(f)1080 5376 w
10 CW f
(\255>p0)1116 5376 w
10 R f
(or)1381 5376 w
10 I f
(f)1489 5376 w
10 CW f
(\255>p1)1525 5376 w
10 I f
(.)1773 5376 w
10 R f
(Upon return from)2 708 1 1080 5544 t
10 I f
(frinsert)1815 5544 w
10 R f
(or)2137 5544 w
10 I f
(frdelete,)2247 5544 w
10 R f
(the display will be consistent but)5 1324 1 2604 5544 t
10 I f
(f)3955 5544 w
10 CW f
(\255>p0)3991 5544 w
10 R f
(and)4258 5544 w
10 I f
(f)4429 5544 w
10 CW f
(\255>p1)4465 5544 w
10 R f
(may not point to)3 668 1 4732 5544 t
( may be necessary to adjust the selection and use)9 1967( It)1 113(the desired selection.)2 844 3 1080 5664 t
10 I f
(frselectf)4031 5664 w
10 R f
(or)4380 5664 w
10 I f
(frselectp)4490 5664 w
10 R f
(to fix the dis\255)3 539 1 4861 5664 t
(play.)1080 5784 w
10 I f
(Frgetmouse)1080 5952 w
10 R f
(must be provided by the application;)5 1568 1 1602 5952 t
10 I f
(frselect)3216 5952 w
10 R f
( call to)2 314( Each)1 270(calls it to get mouse updates.)5 1260 3 3556 5952 t
10 I f
(frgetmouse)1080 6072 w
10 R f
(should update the)2 735 1 1564 6072 t
10 CW f
(Mouse)2338 6072 w
10 R f
(structure pointed to by)3 944 1 2677 6072 t
10 I f
(frselect's)3660 6072 w
10 R f
(argument)4065 6072 w
10 I f
(m. Frgetmouse)1 613 1 4481 6072 t
10 R f
(should)5133 6072 w
(block until the mouse status has changed.)6 1657 1 1080 6192 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6360 t
10 I f
(graphics)1080 6480 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1438 6480 w
10 I f
(bitblt)1604 6480 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1824 6480 w
10 I f
(cachechars)1990 6480 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)2452 6480 w
( 226)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( FREXP)1 4088(FREXP \( 2 \))3 452 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(frexp, ldexp, modf)2 743 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1848 1080 w
10 R f
(split into mantissa and exponent)4 1289 1 1938 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(double frexp\(double value, int *eptr\))4 2220 1 1080 1368 t
(double ldexp\(double value, int exp\))4 2100 1 1080 1536 t
(double modf\(double value, double *iptr\))4 2340 1 1080 1704 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 I f
(Frexp)1080 1992 w
10 R f
(returns the mantissa of)3 976 1 1366 1992 t
10 I f
(value)2390 1992 w
10 R f
(and stores the exponent indirectly through)5 1804 1 2654 1992 t
10 I f
(eptr,)4507 1992 w
10 R f
(so that)1 288 1 4742 1992 t
10 I f
(value)5079 1992 w
10 R f
(=)5344 1992 w
10 I f
(frexp)1080 2112 w
10 R f
(\()1293 2112 w
10 I f
(value)1334 2112 w
10 R f
(\))1558 2112 w
10 S f
(\264)1591 2112 w
10 R f
(2)1646 2112 w
8 S f
(*)1702 2062 w
8 I f
(eptr)1742 2062 w
10 I f
(Ldexp)1080 2280 w
10 R f
(returns the quantity)2 777 1 1349 2280 t
10 I f
(value)2151 2280 w
10 S f
(\264)2375 2280 w
10 R f
(2)2430 2280 w
8 I f
(exp)2486 2230 w
10 R f
(.)2602 2280 w
10 I f
(Modf)1080 2448 w
10 R f
(returns the positive fractional part of)5 1461 1 1316 2448 t
10 I f
(value)2802 2448 w
10 R f
(and stores the integer part indirectly through)6 1775 1 3043 2448 t
10 I f
(iptr.)4843 2448 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2616 t
10 I f
(Ldexp)1080 2736 w
10 R f
(returns 0 for underflow and the appropriately signed infinity for overflow.)10 2958 1 1349 2736 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2904 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 3024 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1283 3024 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 227)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2S \))3 196( FSCANF)1 3909(FSCANF \( 2S \))3 575 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(fscanf, scanf, sscanf, vfscanf)3 1145 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2250 1080 w
10 R f
(scan formatted input)2 821 1 2340 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <stdio.h>)1 1080 1 1080 1368 t
(int fscanf \(FILE *f, char *format, ...\);)6 2400 1 1080 1536 t
(int scanf\(char *format, ... \);)4 1800 1 1080 1704 t
(int sscanf \(char *s, char *format, ...\);)6 2400 1 1080 1872 t
(int vfscanf \(FILE *stream, char *format, char *args\);)7 3180 1 1080 2040 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2208 t
10 I f
(Fscanf)1080 2328 w
10 R f
(reads from the named input stream)5 1409 1 1381 2328 t
10 I f
(f)2819 2328 w
10 R f
(\(see)2876 2328 w
10 I f
(fopen)3065 2328 w
10 R f
( of the string pointed to by)6 1091(\(2\)\) under control)2 717 2 3295 2328 t
10 I f
(format)5133 2328 w
10 R f
( are to be converted for assignment, using subse\255)8 1957(that specifies the admissible input sequences and how they)8 2363 2 1080 2448 t
( arguments)1 442( there are insufficient)3 850( If)1 116(quent arguments as pointers to the objects to receive the converted input.)11 2912 4 1080 2568 t
( the format is exhausted while arguments remain, the excess)9 2491( If)1 126( the behavior is undefined.)4 1102(for the format,)2 601 4 1080 2688 t
(arguments are evaluated \(as always\) but are otherwise ignored.)8 2512 1 1080 2808 t
10 I f
(Scanf)1080 2976 w
10 R f
(and)1332 2976 w
10 I f
(sscanf)1506 2976 w
10 R f
(are the same, but they read from)6 1318 1 1786 2976 t
10 I f
(stdin)3134 2976 w
10 R f
(and the character string)3 948 1 3359 2976 t
10 I f
(s)4337 2976 w
10 R f
(, respectively.)1 562 1 4384 2976 t
10 I f
(Vfscanf)5002 2976 w
10 R f
(is)5333 2976 w
(like)1080 3096 w
10 I f
(scanf)1260 3096 w
10 R f
(, except the)2 467 1 1479 3096 t
10 I f
(args)1976 3096 w
10 R f
( argument list of the calling function)6 1484(argument is a pointer to an argument in an)8 1732 2 2184 3096 t
(and the effect is as if the calling function's argument list from that point on is passed to the scanf routines.)20 4242 1 1080 3216 t
( more white\255space characters; an ordinary charac\255)6 1992(The format is composed of zero or more directives: one or)10 2328 2 1080 3384 t
(ter \(not)1 297 1 1080 3504 t
10 CW f
(%)1408 3504 w
10 R f
( by the character)3 676( conversion specification is introduced)4 1566( Each)1 255(\); or a conversion specification.)4 1285 4 1468 3504 t
10 CW f
(%.)5280 3504 w
10 R f
(After the)1 357 1 1080 3624 t
10 CW f
(%)1462 3624 w
10 R f
(, the following appear in sequence:)5 1397 1 1522 3624 t
(An optional assignment\255suppressing character)3 1844 1 1440 3792 t
10 CW f
(*)3309 3792 w
10 R f
(.)3369 3792 w
(An optional decimal integer that specifies the maximum field width.)9 2731 1 1440 3960 t
(An optional)1 476 1 1440 4128 t
10 CW f
(h)1942 4128 w
10 R f
(,)2002 4128 w
10 CW f
(l)2053 4128 w
10 R f
(\(ell\) or)1 275 1 2139 4128 t
10 CW f
(L)2440 4128 w
10 R f
( conversion specifiers)2 874( The)1 207( the receiving object.)3 843(indicating the size of)3 838 4 2526 4128 t
10 CW f
(d)5315 4128 w
10 R f
(,)5375 4128 w
10 CW f
(i)1440 4248 w
10 R f
(, and)1 197 1 1500 4248 t
10 CW f
(n)1725 4248 w
10 R f
( by)1 127(shall be preceded)2 698 2 1813 4248 t
10 CW f
(h)2665 4248 w
10 R f
(if the corresponding argument is a pointer to)7 1792 1 2752 4248 t
10 CW f
(short)4571 4248 w
10 R f
(rather than a)2 502 1 4898 4248 t
(pointer to)1 388 1 1440 4368 t
10 CW f
(int)1855 4368 w
10 R f
(, or by)2 264 1 2035 4368 t
10 CW f
(l)2327 4368 w
10 R f
(if it is a pointer to)5 729 1 2415 4368 t
10 CW f
(long)3172 4368 w
10 R f
( the conversion specifiers)3 1026(. Similarly,)1 476 2 3412 4368 t
10 CW f
(o)4942 4368 w
10 R f
(,)5002 4368 w
10 CW f
(u)5055 4368 w
10 R f
(, and)1 197 1 5115 4368 t
10 CW f
(x)5340 4368 w
10 R f
(shall be preceded by)3 853 1 1440 4488 t
10 CW f
(h)2329 4488 w
10 R f
(if the corresponding argument is a pointer to)7 1855 1 2425 4488 t
10 CW f
(unsigned short)1 816 1 4316 4488 t
10 R f
(rather)5168 4488 w
(than a pointer to)3 667 1 1440 4608 t
10 CW f
(unsigned)2137 4608 w
10 R f
(, or by)2 268 1 2617 4608 t
10 CW f
(l)2915 4608 w
10 R f
(if it is a pointer to)5 739 1 3005 4608 t
10 CW f
(unsigned long)1 750 1 3774 4608 t
10 R f
( conver\255)1 335( the)1 152(. Finally,)1 389 3 4524 4608 t
(sion specifiers)1 585 1 1440 4728 t
10 CW f
(e)2061 4728 w
10 R f
(,)2121 4728 w
10 CW f
(f)2181 4728 w
10 R f
(, and)1 204 1 2241 4728 t
10 CW f
(g)2480 4728 w
10 R f
(shall be preceded by)3 847 1 2575 4728 t
10 CW f
(l)3457 4728 w
10 R f
(if the corresponding argument is a pointer to)7 1848 1 3552 4728 t
10 CW f
(double)1440 4848 w
10 R f
(rather than a pointer to)4 913 1 1825 4848 t
10 CW f
(float)2764 4848 w
10 R f
(, or by)2 260 1 3064 4848 t
10 CW f
(L)3350 4848 w
10 R f
(if it is a pointer to)5 719 1 3436 4848 t
10 CW f
(long double)1 626 1 4181 4848 t
10 R f
( an)1 120(. If)1 142 2 4807 4848 t
10 CW f
(h)5095 4848 w
10 R f
(,)5155 4848 w
10 CW f
(l)5206 4848 w
10 R f
(, or)1 134 1 5266 4848 t
10 CW f
(L)1440 4968 w
10 R f
(appears with any other conversion specifier, the behavior is undefined.)9 2824 1 1525 4968 t
( valid conversion specifiers are)4 1249( The)1 207( to be applied.)3 572(A character that specifies the type of conversion)7 1932 4 1440 5136 t
(described below.)1 676 1 1440 5256 t
10 I f
(Fscanf)1080 5424 w
10 R f
( as detailed below,)3 767( a directive fails,)3 686( If)1 123(executes each directive of the format in turn.)7 1833 4 1384 5424 t
10 I f
(fscanf)4826 5424 w
10 R f
(returns.)5098 5424 w
(Failures are described as input failures \(due to the unavailability of input\), or matching failures \(due to)16 4320 1 1080 5544 t
(inappropriate input\).)1 821 1 1080 5664 t
( executed by reading input up to the first non\255white\255space character)10 2733(A directive composed of white space is)6 1587 2 1080 5832 t
(\(which remains unread\), or until no more characters can be read.)10 2575 1 1080 5952 t
( if dif\255)2 259( If)1 118( by reading the next character from the stream.)8 1880(A directive that is an ordinary character is executed)8 2063 4 1080 6120 t
( differing and subsequent characters)4 1468(fers from the one comprising the directive, the directive fails, and the)11 2852 2 1080 6240 t
(remain unread.)1 598 1 1080 6360 t
( that is a conversion specification defines a set matching input sequences, as described below for)15 3874(A directive)1 446 2 1080 6528 t
( conversion specification is executed in the following steps:)8 2386( A)1 122(each specifier.)1 575 3 1080 6648 t
(Input white\255space characters \(as specified by)5 1856 1 1080 6816 t
10 I f
(isspace)2974 6816 w
10 R f
(, see)1 190 1 3276 6816 t
10 I f
(ctype)3504 6816 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) are skipped, unless the specification)5 1678 1 3722 6816 t
(includes a)1 402 1 1080 6936 t
10 CW f
([)1507 6936 w
10 R f
(,)1567 6936 w
10 CW f
(c)1617 6936 w
10 R f
(, or)1 133 1 1677 6936 t
10 CW f
(n)1835 6936 w
10 R f
(specifier.)1920 6936 w
(An input item is read from the stream, unless the specification includes an)12 3080 1 1080 7104 t
10 CW f
(n)4195 7104 w
10 R f
( input item is)3 559(specifier. An)1 551 2 4290 7104 t
( \(up to any specified maximum field width\) which is an)10 2260(defined as the longest sequence of input characters)7 2060 2 1080 7224 t
( 228)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2S \))3 196( FSCANF)1 3909(FSCANF \( 2S \))3 575 3 720 480 t
( unread.)1 324( first character, if any, after the input item remains)9 2027( The)1 207(initial subsequence of a matching sequence.)5 1762 4 1080 960 t
( this condition is a matching fail\255)6 1346(If the length of the input item is zero, the execution of the directive fails:)14 2974 2 1080 1080 t
(ure, unless an error prevented input from the stream, in which case it is an input failure.)16 3496 1 1080 1200 t
( of a)2 183(Except in the case)3 729 2 1080 1368 t
10 CW f
(%)2020 1368 w
10 R f
(specifier, the input item \(or, in the case of a)9 1765 1 2108 1368 t
10 CW f
(%n)3901 1368 w
10 R f
(directive, the count of input char\255)5 1351 1 4049 1368 t
( the input item is not a matching)7 1362( If)1 126( a type appropriate to the conversion specifier.)7 1921(acters\) is converted to)3 911 4 1080 1488 t
( assignment sup\255)2 684( Unless)1 328( a matching failure.)3 794(sequence, the execution of the directive fails: this condition is)9 2514 4 1080 1608 t
(pression was indicated by a)4 1142 1 1080 1728 t
10 CW f
(*)2258 1728 w
10 R f
( the first)2 353(, the result of the conversion is placed in the object pointed to by)13 2729 2 2318 1728 t
(argument following the)2 958 1 1080 1848 t
10 I f
(format)2074 1848 w
10 R f
( this object)2 461( If)1 127(argument that has not already received a conversion result.)8 2435 3 2377 1848 t
( the result of the conversion cannot be represented in the space pro\255)12 2729(does not have an appropriate type, or if)7 1591 2 1080 1968 t
(vided, the behavior is undefined.)4 1309 1 1080 2088 t
(The following conversion specifiers are valid:)5 1838 1 1080 2256 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 2424 w
10 R f
( whose format is the same as expected for the subject)10 2163(Matches an optionally signed decimal integer,)5 1857 2 1380 2424 t
(sequence of the)2 646 1 1380 2544 t
10 I f
(strtol)2064 2544 w
10 R f
(\(see)2314 2544 w
10 I f
(atof)2512 2544 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) function with 10 for the)5 1183 1 2676 2544 t
10 CW f
(base)3896 2544 w
10 R f
( corresponding)1 608(argument. The)1 619 2 4173 2544 t
(argument shall be a pointer to)5 1190 1 1380 2664 t
10 CW f
(int)2595 2664 w
10 R f
(.)2775 2664 w
10 CW f
(i)1080 2832 w
10 R f
( whose format is the same as expected for the subject)10 2163(Matches an optionally signed decimal integer,)5 1857 2 1380 2832 t
(sequence of the)2 622 1 1380 2952 t
10 I f
(strtol)2028 2952 w
10 R f
(function with 0 for the)4 903 1 2266 2952 t
10 CW f
(base)3195 2952 w
10 R f
( corresponding argument shall be)4 1331(argument. The)1 608 2 3461 2952 t
(a pointer to)2 455 1 1380 3072 t
10 CW f
(int)1860 3072 w
10 R f
(.)2040 3072 w
10 CW f
(o)1080 3240 w
10 R f
( octal integer, whose format is the same as expected for the subject)12 2813(Matches an optionally signed)3 1207 2 1380 3240 t
(sequence of the)2 646 1 1380 3360 t
10 I f
(strtoul)2064 3360 w
10 R f
(\(see)2364 3360 w
10 I f
(atof)2562 3360 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) function with 8 for the)5 1133 1 2726 3360 t
10 CW f
(base)3896 3360 w
10 R f
( corresponding)1 608(argument. The)1 619 2 4173 3360 t
(argument shall be a pointer to)5 1190 1 1380 3480 t
10 CW f
(unsigned int)1 685 1 2595 3480 t
10 R f
(.)3280 3480 w
10 CW f
(u)1080 3648 w
10 R f
( whose format is the same as expected for the subject)10 2163(Matches an optionally signed decimal integer,)5 1857 2 1380 3648 t
(sequence of the)2 626 1 1380 3768 t
10 I f
(strtoul)2033 3768 w
10 R f
(function with 10 for the)4 957 1 2322 3768 t
10 CW f
(base)3306 3768 w
10 R f
( corresponding argument shall)3 1218(argument. The)1 609 2 3573 3768 t
(be a pointer to)3 574 1 1380 3888 t
10 CW f
(unsigned int)1 685 1 1979 3888 t
10 R f
(.)2664 3888 w
10 CW f
(x)1080 4056 w
10 R f
( is the same as expected for the)7 1335(Matches an optionally signed hexadecimal integer, whose format)7 2685 2 1380 4056 t
(subject sequence of the)3 952 1 1380 4176 t
10 I f
(strtoul)2365 4176 w
10 R f
(function with 16 for the)4 977 1 2660 4176 t
10 CW f
(base)3669 4176 w
10 R f
( corresponding argu\255)2 845(argument. The)1 614 2 3941 4176 t
(ment shall be a pointer to)5 1013 1 1380 4296 t
10 CW f
(unsigned int)1 685 1 2418 4296 t
10 R f
(.)3103 4296 w
10 CW f
(e)1080 4464 w
10 R f
(,)1140 4464 w
10 CW f
(f)1165 4464 w
10 R f
(,)1225 4464 w
10 CW f
(g)1250 4464 w
10 R f
( expected for the)3 691(Matches an optionally signed floating\255point number, whose format is the same as)11 3329 2 1380 4464 t
(subject string of the)3 803 1 1380 4584 t
10 I f
(strtod)2211 4584 w
10 R f
(\(see)2473 4584 w
10 I f
(atof)2661 4584 w
10 R f
( corresponding argument shall be a pointer to)7 1832( The)1 208(\(2\)\) function.)1 535 3 2825 4584 t
10 CW f
(float .)1 420 1 1380 4704 t
(s)1080 4872 w
10 R f
( argument shall be a pointer)5 1142( corresponding)1 601( The)1 210(Matches a sequence of non\255white\255space characters.)5 2067 4 1380 4872 t
( NUL \(0\))2 385(to the initial character of an array large enough to accept the sequence and a terminating)15 3635 2 1380 4992 t
(character, which will be added automatically.)5 1815 1 1380 5112 t
10 CW f
([)1080 5280 w
10 R f
( nonempty sequence of characters from a set of expected characters \(the)11 2991(Matches a)1 417 2 1380 5280 t
10 I f
(scanset)4824 5280 w
10 R f
(\). The)1 274 1 5126 5280 t
( an array large enough to accept)6 1291(corresponding argument shall be a pointer to the initial character of)10 2729 2 1380 5400 t
( conversion)1 467( The)1 209( which will be added automatically.)5 1446(the sequence and a terminating NUL character,)6 1898 4 1380 5520 t
(specifier includes all subsequent characters in the)6 2033 1 1380 5640 t
10 I f
(format)3448 5640 w
10 R f
(string, up to and including the matching)6 1651 1 3749 5640 t
(right brace \()2 497 1 1380 5760 t
10 CW f
(])1877 5760 w
10 R f
( characters between the brackets \(the)5 1494(\). The)1 268 2 1937 5760 t
10 I f
(scanlist)3729 5760 w
10 R f
( the)1 153(\) comprise the scanset, unless)4 1204 2 4043 5760 t
(character after the left bracket is a circumflex \()8 1918 1 1380 5880 t
10 CW f
(^)3298 5880 w
10 R f
( contains all characters)3 926(\), in which case the scanset)5 1116 2 3358 5880 t
( a special case, if)4 690( As)1 164(that do not appear in the scanlist between the circumflex and the right bracket.)13 3166 3 1380 6000 t
(the conversion specifier begins with)4 1454 1 1380 6120 t
10 CW f
([])2862 6120 w
10 R f
(or)3010 6120 w
10 CW f
([^])3121 6120 w
10 R f
( character is in the scanlist and the)7 1386(, the right bracket)3 713 2 3301 6120 t
( a)1 70( If)1 117( right bracket that ends the specification.)6 1628(next right bracket character is the matching)6 1729 4 1380 6240 t
10 CW f
(\255)4950 6240 w
10 R f
(character)5036 6240 w
(is in the scanlist and is not the first, nor the second where the first character is a)17 3206 1 1380 6360 t
10 CW f
(^)4613 6360 w
10 R f
(, nor the last char\255)4 727 1 4673 6360 t
( characters in the)3 708(acter, the behavior is implementation\255defined \(in Plan 9: the scanlist includes all)11 3312 2 1380 6480 t
9 R f
(ASCII)1380 6600 w
10 R f
(range between the two characters on either side of the)9 2146 1 1640 6600 t
10 CW f
(\255)3811 6600 w
10 R f
(\).)3871 6600 w
10 CW f
(c)1080 6768 w
10 R f
( no field width is)4 706(Matches a sequence of characters of the number specified by the field width \(1 if)14 3314 2 1380 6768 t
( initial character of an)4 875( corresponding argument shall be a pointer to the)8 1966( The)1 206(present in the directive\).)3 973 4 1380 6888 t
( NUL character is added.)4 999( No)1 172(array large enough to accept the sequence.)6 1691 3 1380 7008 t
10 CW f
(P)1080 7176 w
10 R f
( set of)2 292(Matches an implementation\255defined set of sequences, which should be the same as the)12 3728 2 1380 7176 t
(sequences that may be produced by the)6 1569 1 1380 7296 t
10 CW f
(%P)2975 7296 w
10 R f
(conversion of the)2 695 1 3121 7296 t
10 I f
(fprintf)3841 7296 w
10 R f
( corresponding)1 596( The)1 205(\(2\) function.)1 499 3 4100 7296 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 229)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2S \))3 196( FSCANF)1 3909(FSCANF \( 2S \))3 575 3 720 480 t
(argument shall be a pointer to a pointer to)8 1694 1 1380 960 t
10 CW f
(void)3102 960 w
10 R f
( is implemen\255)2 558( interpretation of the input item)5 1267(. The)1 233 3 3342 960 t
( pro\255)1 191(tation defined; however, for any input item other than a value converted earlier during the same)15 3829 2 1380 1080 t
(gram execution, the behavior of the)5 1419 1 1380 1200 t
10 CW f
(%P)2824 1200 w
10 R f
(conversion is undefined.)2 979 1 2969 1200 t
10 CW f
(n)1080 1368 w
10 R f
( be a pointer to integer into which is writ\255)9 1689( corresponding argument shall)3 1218( The)1 207(No input is consumed.)3 906 4 1380 1368 t
(ten the number of characters read from the input stream so far by this call to)15 3080 1 1380 1488 t
10 I f
(fscanf)4488 1488 w
10 R f
( a)1 71( of)1 111(. Execution)1 483 3 4735 1488 t
10 CW f
(%n)1380 1608 w
10 R f
(directive does not increment the assignment count returned at the completion of)11 3187 1 1525 1608 t
10 I f
(fscanf)4737 1608 w
10 R f
(.)4984 1608 w
10 CW f
(%)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(Matches a single)2 697 1 1380 1776 t
10 CW f
(%)2115 1776 w
10 R f
( complete conversion specification)3 1431( The)1 219( occurs.)1 324(; no conversion or assignment)4 1251 4 2175 1776 t
(shall be)1 308 1 1380 1896 t
10 CW f
(%%)1713 1896 w
10 R f
(.)1833 1896 w
(If a conversion specification is invalid, the behavior is undefined.)9 2615 1 1080 2064 t
(The conversion specifiers)2 1025 1 1080 2232 t
10 CW f
(E)2130 2232 w
10 R f
(,)2190 2232 w
10 CW f
(G)2240 2232 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 2300 2232 t
10 CW f
(X)2519 2232 w
10 R f
(are also valid and behave the same as, respectively,)8 2050 1 2604 2232 t
10 CW f
(e)4679 2232 w
10 R f
(,)4739 2232 w
10 CW f
(g)4789 2232 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 4849 2232 t
10 CW f
(x)5068 2232 w
10 R f
(.)5128 2232 w
( end\255of\255file occurs before any charac\255)5 1506( If)1 117( is terminated.)2 571(If end\255of\255file is encountered during input, conversion)6 2126 4 1080 2400 t
( than leading white space, where permitted\), execu\255)7 2058(ters matching the current directive have been read \(other)8 2262 2 1080 2520 t
( input failure; otherwise, unless execution of the current)8 2360(tion of the current directive terminates with an)7 1960 2 1080 2640 t
( of the following directive \(if any\) is terminated)8 1972(directive is terminated with a matching failure, execution)7 2348 2 1080 2760 t
(with an input failure.)3 838 1 1080 2880 t
( a conflicting input character, the offending input character is left unread in the)13 3213(If conversion terminates on)3 1107 2 1080 3048 t
( white space \(including newline characters\) is left unread unless matched by a direc\255)13 3418( Trailing)1 376(input stream.)1 526 3 1080 3168 t
( literal matches and suppressed assignments is not directly determinable other than via)12 3499( success of)2 438(tive. The)1 383 3 1080 3288 t
(the)1080 3408 w
10 CW f
(%n)1227 3408 w
10 R f
(directive.)1372 3408 w
( value from)2 470(The return)1 422 2 1080 3576 t
10 I f
(fscanf)2002 3576 w
10 R f
(is the number of input items assigned, which can be fewer than provided for,)13 3129 1 2271 3576 t
( if an input failure occurs before any con\255)8 1680( However,)1 443( zero, in the event of an early matching failure.)9 1897(or even)1 300 4 1080 3696 t
(version,)1080 3816 w
10 CW f
(EOF)1424 3816 w
10 R f
(is returned.)1 449 1 1629 3816 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3984 t
10 I f
(fopen)1080 4104 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1310 4104 w
10 I f
(fgetc)1476 4104 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1678 4104 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4272 t
10 R f
(Does not know about)3 852 1 1080 4392 t
9 R f
(UTF.)1955 4392 w
10 R f
( 230)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( GAMMA)1 4006(GAMMA \( 2 \))3 534 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(gamma)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1399 1080 w
10 R f
(log gamma function)2 805 1 1489 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(double gamma\(double x\))2 1320 1 1080 1368 t
(int signgam;)1 900 1 1080 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Gamma)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(returns ln)1 380 1 1421 1824 t
10 S f
(\357G)1826 1824 w
10 R f
(\()1935 1824 w
10 I f
(x)1984 1824 w
10 R f
(\))2044 1824 w
10 S f
(\357)2077 1824 w
10 R f
( sign of)2 300(. The)1 230 2 2126 1824 t
10 S f
(G)2681 1824 w
10 R f
(\()2741 1824 w
10 I f
(x)2790 1824 w
10 R f
(\) is returned in the external integer)6 1380 1 2850 1824 t
10 I f
(signgam)4255 1824 w
10 R f
(.)4602 1824 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 1992 t
10 R f
(Computation of the gamma function:)4 1483 1 1080 2112 t
10 CW f
(errno = 0;)2 600 1 1480 2280 t
(y = gamma\(x\);)2 780 1 1480 2400 t
(if\(errno || y > 88\))4 1140 1 1480 2520 t
(error\(\);)1880 2640 w
(y = signgam*exp\(y\);)2 1140 1 1480 2760 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2928 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1283 3048 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 231)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( GETENV)1 4001(GETENV \( 2 \))3 539 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(getenv, putenv)1 588 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1693 1080 w
10 R f
(access environment variables)2 1169 1 1783 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(char* getenv\(char *name\))2 1440 1 1080 1368 t
( *name, char *val\))3 1080(int putenv\(char)1 1020 2 1080 1488 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 I f
(Getenv)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(reads the contents of)3 832 1 1390 1776 t
10 CW f
(/env/)2250 1776 w
10 I f
(name)2558 1776 w
10 R f
(\(see)2802 1776 w
10 I f
(env)2990 1776 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\) into memory allocated with)4 1288 1 3136 1776 t
10 I f
(malloc)4452 1776 w
10 R f
(\(2\), 0\255terminates)1 668 1 4732 1776 t
( no file exists, 0 is returned.)6 1110( If)1 116(it, and returns a pointer to that area.)7 1422 3 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(Putenv)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(creates the file)2 589 1 1386 2064 t
10 CW f
(/env/)2004 2064 w
10 I f
(name)2312 2064 w
10 R f
(and writes the string)3 825 1 2557 2064 t
10 I f
(val)3411 2064 w
10 R f
( terminating)1 490( The)1 209(to it.)1 188 3 3562 2064 t
10 CW f
(0)4478 2064 w
10 R f
( the)1 152( If)1 120(is not written.)2 561 3 4567 2064 t
(file value cannot be written,)4 1117 1 1080 2184 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2222 2184 w
10 R f
(1 is returned.)2 524 1 2287 2184 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2352 t
10 I f
(env)1080 2472 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1226 2472 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2640 t
10 R f
(Sets)1080 2760 w
10 I f
(errstr.)1272 2760 w
10 R f
( 232)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( GETFCR)1 4016(GETFCR \( 2 \))3 524 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(getfcr, setfcr, getfsr, setfsr)3 1046 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2151 1080 w
10 R f
(control floating point)2 850 1 2241 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(ulong getfcr\(void\))1 1080 1 1080 1368 t
(void setfcr\(ulong fcr\))2 1320 1 1080 1536 t
(ulong getfsr\(void\))1 1080 1 1080 1704 t
(void setfsr\(ulong fsr\))2 1320 1 1080 1872 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2040 t
10 R f
( of)1 119(These routines provide a fairly portable interface to control the rounding and exception characteristics)13 4201 2 1080 2160 t
( of pseudo\255registers, the floating point control)6 1888( effect, they define a pair)5 1046( In)1 143(IEEE 754 floating point units.)4 1243 4 1080 2280 t
(register,)1080 2400 w
10 CW f
(fcr)1430 2400 w
10 R f
( floating point status register,)4 1177(, which affects rounding, precision, and exceptions, and the)8 2381 2 1610 2400 t
10 CW f
(fsr)5195 2400 w
10 R f
(,)5375 2400 w
( register has a)3 560( Each)1 252(which holds the accrued exception bits.)5 1590 3 1080 2520 t
10 I f
(get)3510 2520 w
10 R f
(routine to retrieve its value, a)5 1185 1 3660 2520 t
10 I f
(set)4873 2520 w
10 R f
(routine to)1 388 1 5012 2520 t
(modify it, and macros that identify its contents.)7 1891 1 1080 2640 t
(The)1080 2808 w
10 CW f
(fcr)1271 2808 w
10 R f
(contains bits that, when set, enable exceptions:)6 1942 1 1487 2808 t
10 CW f
(FPINEX)3466 2808 w
10 R f
(\(enable inexact exceptions\),)2 1140 1 3863 2808 t
10 CW f
(FPOVFL)5040 2808 w
10 R f
(\(enable overflow exceptions\),)2 1214 1 1080 2928 t
10 CW f
(FPUNFL)2332 2928 w
10 R f
(\(enable underflow exceptions\), and)3 1446 1 2730 2928 t
10 CW f
(FPZDIV)4214 2928 w
10 R f
(\(enable zero divide)2 788 1 4612 2928 t
( in)1 105( is controlled by installing)4 1049(exceptions\). Rounding)1 931 3 1080 3048 t
10 CW f
(fcr)3192 3048 w
10 R f
(, under mask)2 517 1 3372 3048 t
10 CW f
(FPRMASK)3916 3048 w
10 R f
(, one of the values)4 737 1 4336 3048 t
10 CW f
(FPRNR)5100 3048 w
10 R f
(\(round to nearest\),)2 738 1 1080 3168 t
10 CW f
(FPRZ)1845 3168 w
10 R f
(\(round towards zero\),)2 865 1 2112 3168 t
10 CW f
(FPRPINF)3004 3168 w
10 R f
( and)1 170(\(round towards positive infinity\),)3 1333 2 3451 3168 t
10 CW f
(FPRNINF)4980 3168 w
10 R f
( is controlled by installing in)5 1163( Precision)1 425(\(round towards negative infinity\).)3 1357 3 1080 3288 t
10 CW f
(fcr)4053 3288 w
10 R f
( mask)1 240(, under)1 280 2 4233 3288 t
10 CW f
(FPPMASK)4782 3288 w
10 R f
(, one)1 198 1 5202 3288 t
(of the values)2 510 1 1080 3408 t
10 CW f
(FPPEXT)1615 3408 w
10 R f
(\(extended precision\),)1 842 1 2000 3408 t
10 CW f
(FPPSGL)2867 3408 w
10 R f
(\(single precision\), and)2 890 1 3252 3408 t
10 CW f
(FPPDBL)4167 3408 w
10 R f
(\(double precision\).)1 754 1 4552 3408 t
(The)1080 3576 w
10 CW f
(fsr)1260 3576 w
10 R f
( accrued exception bits)3 920(holds the)1 364 2 1465 3576 t
10 CW f
(FPAINEX)2775 3576 w
10 R f
(,)3195 3576 w
10 CW f
(FPAOVFL)3246 3576 w
10 R f
(,)3666 3576 w
10 CW f
(FPAUNFL)3717 3576 w
10 R f
(, and)1 195 1 4137 3576 t
10 CW f
(FPAZDIV)4358 3576 w
10 R f
(, corresponding)1 622 1 4778 3576 t
(to the)1 225 1 1080 3696 t
10 CW f
(fsr)1330 3696 w
10 R f
(bits without the)2 623 1 1535 3696 t
10 CW f
(A)2183 3696 w
10 R f
(in the name.)2 491 1 2268 3696 t
( the corresponding mask is zero, the machine does not support the)11 2723( If)1 124(Not all machines support all modes.)5 1473 3 1080 3864 t
( some machines it is not possible to clear selective accrued exception bits;)12 2969( On)1 174(rounding or precision modes.)3 1177 3 1080 3984 t
(a)1080 4104 w
10 I f
(setfsr)1149 4104 w
10 R f
( exception bits defined here work on all architectures.)8 2142( The)1 205(clears them all.)2 607 3 1391 4104 t
( floating point unit is fixed for a given architecture but is undefined across Plan 9:)15 3376(The default state of the)4 944 2 1080 4272 t
( these routines if you need guaranteed)6 1513( Use)1 205( what the hardware does most efficiently.)6 1649(the default is to provide)4 953 4 1080 4392 t
( gradual underflow is not available on some machines.)8 2177(behavior. Also,)1 638 2 1080 4512 t
9 R f
( LE E)2 59( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 5 720 4680 t
10 R f
( on the)2 306(To enable overflow traps and make sure registers are rounded to double precision \(for example)14 4014 2 1080 4800 t
(MC68020, where the internal registers are 80 bits long\):)8 2244 1 1080 4920 t
10 CW f
(ulong fcr;)1 600 1 1440 5088 t
(fcr = getfcr\(\);)2 900 1 1440 5208 t
(fcr |= FPOVFL;)2 840 1 1440 5328 t
(fcr &= ~FPPMASK)2 900 1 1440 5448 t
(fcr |= FPPDBL;)2 840 1 1440 5568 t
(setfcr\(fcr\);)1440 5688 w
10 R f
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( GETFIELDS)1 3867(GETFIELDS \( 2 \))3 673 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(getfields, getmfields, setfields)2 1199 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2304 1080 w
10 R f
(break a string into fields)4 971 1 2394 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
( *str, char **ptrs, int nptrs\))5 1800(int getfields\(char)1 1200 2 1080 1368 t
( *str, char **ptrs, int nptrs\))5 1800(int getmfields\(char)1 1260 2 1080 1536 t
(char* setfields\(char *fielddelim\))2 1980 1 1080 1704 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 I f
(Getfields)1080 1992 w
10 R f
( string)1 260(breaks the null\255terminated)2 1060 2 1472 1992 t
10 I f
(str)2824 1992 w
10 R f
(into at most)2 487 1 2962 1992 t
10 I f
(nptrs)3481 1992 w
10 R f
(null\255terminated fields and places pointers)4 1681 1 3719 1992 t
(to the start of these fields in the array)8 1494 1 1080 2112 t
10 I f
(ptrs)2600 2112 w
10 R f
( and terminates the list of pointers)6 1360( returns the number of fields)5 1139(. It)1 137 3 2764 2112 t
( overwrites some of the bytes in)6 1294( It)1 114(with a zero pointer.)3 785 3 1080 2232 t
10 I f
(str)3301 2232 w
10 R f
( there are)2 378(. If)1 144 2 3415 2232 t
10 I f
(nptr)3966 2232 w
10 R f
(or more fields, the list will not)6 1238 1 4162 2232 t
(end with zero and the last `field' will extend to the end of the input string and may contain delimiters.)19 4062 1 1080 2352 t
( fields are)2 407( Adjacent)1 416(A field is defined as a maximal sequence of characters not in a set of field delimiters.)16 3497 3 1080 2520 t
( a string of just)4 624( Thus)1 256( field follows a delimiter at the end of string.)9 1841( No)1 178( delimiter.)1 417(separated by exactly one)3 1004 6 1080 2640 t
( with no delimiters contains one)5 1310(two delimiter characters contains two empty fields, and a nonempty string)10 3010 2 1080 2760 t
(field.)1080 2880 w
10 I f
(Getmfields)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(is the same as)3 582 1 1547 3048 t
10 I f
(getfields)2164 3048 w
10 R f
(except that fields are separated by maximal strings of field delimiters)10 2862 1 2538 3048 t
(rather than just one.)3 793 1 1080 3168 t
10 I f
(Setfields)1080 3336 w
10 R f
(makes the field delimiters \(space and tab by default\) be the characters of the string)14 3348 1 1448 3336 t
10 I f
(fielddelim)4826 3336 w
10 R f
(and)5256 3336 w
(returns a pointer to a string of the previous delimiters.)9 2153 1 1080 3456 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3624 t
10 I f
(strtok)1080 3744 w
10 R f
(in)1333 3744 w
10 I f
(strcat)1436 3744 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1672 3744 w
( 234)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( GETPID)1 4045(GETPID \( 2 \))3 495 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(getpid, getppid)1 600 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1705 1080 w
10 R f
(get process ids)2 588 1 1795 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(int getpid\(void\))1 960 1 1080 1368 t
(int getppid\(void\))1 1020 1 1080 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Getpid)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(reads)1377 1824 w
10 CW f
(/dev/pid)1612 1824 w
10 R f
(\(see)2117 1824 w
10 I f
(cons)2302 1824 w
10 R f
( to get the process id of the current process, a number)11 2145(\(3\)\) and converts it)3 762 2 2493 1824 t
(guaranteed to be unique among all running processes on the machine executing)11 3169 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(getpid.)4274 1944 w
(Getppid)1080 2112 w
10 R f
(reads)1427 2112 w
10 CW f
(/dev/ppid)1662 2112 w
10 R f
(\(see)2227 2112 w
10 I f
(cons)2412 2112 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\) and converts it to get the id of the parent of the current process.)14 2702 1 2603 2112 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2280 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1283 2400 w
10 I f
(cons)1449 2400 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1640 2400 w
10 I f
(proc)1806 2400 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1997 2400 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2568 t
10 R f
(Returns 0 and sets)3 730 1 1080 2688 t
10 I f
(errstr)1835 2688 w
10 R f
(if unsuccessful.)1 621 1 2088 2688 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 235)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( GETUSER)1 3950(GETUSER \( 2 \))3 590 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(getuser)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1393 1080 w
10 R f
(get user name)2 554 1 1483 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(char* getuser\(void\))1 1140 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Getuser)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( of the user who owns the current process.)8 1730(returns a pointer to static data which contains the name)9 2244 2 1426 1656 t
10 I f
(Getuser)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(reads)1421 1776 w
10 CW f
(/dev/user)1656 1776 w
10 R f
(to find the name.)3 677 1 2221 1776 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1944 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1283 2064 w
10 I f
(cons)1449 2064 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1640 2064 w
( 236)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( GETWD)1 4040(GETWD \( 2 \))3 500 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(getwd)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1349 1080 w
10 R f
(get current directory)2 814 1 1439 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(char* getwd\(char *buf, int size\))4 1920 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Getwd)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(will fill)1 298 1 1366 1656 t
10 I f
(buf)1689 1656 w
10 R f
(with a null\255terminated string representing the current directory and return)9 2930 1 1842 1656 t
10 I f
(buf)4797 1656 w
10 R f
(.)4933 1656 w
(Getwd will place no more than)5 1234 1 1080 1824 t
10 I f
(size)2339 1824 w
10 R f
(bytes in the buffer provided.)4 1134 1 2514 1824 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1992 t
10 I f
(pwd)1080 2112 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1255 2112 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2280 t
10 R f
( and)1 172(On error, zero is returned)4 1018 2 1080 2400 t
10 I f
(buf)2298 2400 w
10 R f
(is filled with a diagnostic message.)5 1414 1 2454 2400 t
10 I f
(Errstr)3921 2400 w
10 R f
(\(2\) may be consulted for more)5 1226 1 4174 2400 t
(information.)1080 2520 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 237)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2G \))3 212( GRAPHICS)1 3761(GRAPHICS \( 2G \))3 707 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( bneed, bflush, bwrite, bexit, clipr, cur\255)6 1597(Point, Rectangle, Bitmap, Cursor, binit, bclose, berror, bscreenrect,)7 2723 2 1080 1080 t
(sorswitch, cursorset, rdfontfile, ffree, charwidth, Pconv, Rconv)6 2517 1 1080 1200 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3622 1200 w
10 R f
(graphics)3712 1200 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(#include <u.h>)1 840 1 1080 1488 t
(#include <libc.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1608 t
(#include <libg.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1728 t
( \(*errfun\)\(char *\), char *font, char *label\))6 2640(void binit\(void)1 1200 2 1080 1896 t
(void bclose\(void\))1 1320 1 1080 2064 t
(void bexit\(void\))1 1260 1 1080 2232 t
( *msg\))1 360(void berror\(char)1 1260 2 1080 2400 t
(Rectangle bscreenrect\(Rectangle *clipr\))2 2340 1 1080 2568 t
( n\))1 180(uchar* bneed\(int)1 1140 2 1080 2736 t
(void bflush\(void\))1 1320 1 1080 2904 t
(int bwrite\(void\))1 1320 1 1080 3072 t
( *b, Rectangle cr\))3 1080(int clipr\(Bitmap)1 1320 2 1080 3240 t
( *curs\))1 420(void cursorswitch\(Cursor)1 1740 2 1080 3408 t
( p\))1 180(void cursorset\(Point)1 1500 2 1080 3576 t
( *name, int ldepth\))3 1140(Font* rdfontfile\(char)1 1500 2 1080 3744 t
( *f\))1 240(void ffree\(Font)1 1200 2 1080 3912 t
( *f, Rune r\))3 720(int charwidth\(Font)1 1440 2 1080 4080 t
( *arg, int f1, int f2, int f3, int chr\))9 2340(int Pconv\(void)1 1200 2 1080 4248 t
( *arg, int f1, int f2, int f3, int chr\))9 2340(int Rconv\(void)1 1200 2 1080 4416 t
( screen)1 600(extern Bitmap)1 780 2 1080 4584 t
( *font)1 660(extern Font)1 660 2 1080 4752 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 4920 t
10 R f
(A)1080 5040 w
10 CW f
(Point)1177 5040 w
10 R f
(is a location in a bitmap \(see below\), such as the screen, and is defined as:)15 2958 1 1502 5040 t
10 CW f
(typedef)1440 5208 w
(struct Point {)2 840 1 1440 5328 t
(int x;)1 360 1 1740 5448 t
(int y;)1 360 1 1740 5568 t
(} Point;)1 480 1 1440 5688 t
10 R f
(The coordinate system has)3 1062 1 1080 5856 t
10 I f
(x)2167 5856 w
10 R f
(increasing to the right and)4 1043 1 2236 5856 t
10 I f
(y)3304 5856 w
10 R f
(increasing down.)1 682 1 3373 5856 t
(A)1080 6024 w
10 CW f
(Rectangle)1177 6024 w
10 R f
(is a rectangular area in a bitmap.)6 1299 1 1742 6024 t
10 CW f
(typedef)1440 6192 w
(struct Rectangle {)2 1080 1 1440 6312 t
( upper left */)3 840( /*)1 480(Point min;)1 600 3 1740 6432 t
( lower right */)3 900( /*)1 480(Point max;)1 600 3 1740 6552 t
(} Rectangle;)1 720 1 1440 6672 t
10 R f
(By definition,)1 561 1 1080 6840 t
10 CW f
(min.x <= max.x)2 850 1 1671 6840 t
10 R f
(and)2551 6840 w
10 CW f
(min.y <= max.y)2 850 1 2725 6840 t
10 R f
( convention, the right \(maximum)4 1339(. By)1 197 2 3575 6840 t
10 I f
(x)5141 6840 w
10 R f
(\) and)1 207 1 5193 6840 t
(bottom \(maximum)1 761 1 1080 6960 t
10 I f
(y)1879 6960 w
10 R f
( have no)2 362(\) edges are excluded from the represented rectangle, so abutting rectangles)10 3107 2 1931 6960 t
( Thus,)1 275(points in common.)2 748 2 1080 7080 t
10 CW f
(max)2128 7080 w
10 R f
(contains the coordinates of the first point beyond the rectangle.)9 2518 1 2333 7080 t
( 238)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2G \))3 212( GRAPHICS)1 3761(GRAPHICS \( 2G \))3 707 3 720 480 t
(A)1080 960 w
10 CW f
(Bitmap)1177 960 w
10 R f
(holds a rectangular image.)3 1053 1 1562 960 t
10 CW f
(typedef)1440 1128 w
(struct Bitmap {)2 900 1 1440 1248 t
( rectangle in data area, local coords */)7 2400( /*)1 540(Rectangle r;)1 720 3 1740 1368 t
( clipping region */)3 1140( /*)1 300(Rectangle clipr;)1 960 3 1740 1488 t
( log base 2 of number of bits per pixel */)10 2520( /*)1 240(int ldepth;)1 1020 3 1740 1608 t
( id as known in /dev/bitblt */)6 1800( /*)1 480(int id;)1 780 3 1740 1728 t
( zero; distinguishes bitmap from layer */)6 2460(Bitmap* cache; /*)2 1260 2 1740 1848 t
(} Bitmap;)1 540 1 1440 1968 t
(R.min)1080 2136 w
10 R f
( are)1 151( There)1 287(is the location in the bitmap of the upper\255leftmost point in the image.)12 2805 3 1409 2136 t
10 I f
(2)4682 2136 w
8 I f
(ldepth)4732 2086 w
10 R f
(contiguous)4961 2136 w
(bits for each pixel of the image; the bits form a binary number giving the pixel value.)16 3500 1 1080 2256 t
10 CW f
(Clipr)4636 2256 w
10 R f
( clip\255)1 213(is the)1 220 2 4967 2256 t
(ping rectangle; typically it is the same as)7 1636 1 1080 2376 t
10 CW f
(r)2742 2376 w
10 R f
( where it is inset by the width of the border.)10 1765(except in a window,)3 807 2 2828 2376 t
(Graphical operations on the)3 1121 1 1080 2496 t
10 CW f
(Bitmap)2231 2496 w
10 R f
( subroutine)1 452( The)1 210(will be confined to the clipping rectangle.)6 1697 3 2621 2496 t
10 I f
(Clipr)5009 2496 w
10 R f
(sets)5250 2496 w
(the clipping rectangle of)3 982 1 1080 2616 t
10 CW f
(b)2090 2616 w
10 R f
(to the intersection of)3 833 1 2178 2616 t
10 CW f
(cr)3039 2616 w
10 R f
(and)3188 2616 w
10 CW f
(b\255>r)3361 2616 w
10 R f
(. If)1 145 1 3601 2616 t
10 I f
(cr)3775 2616 w
10 R f
(does not intersect)2 707 1 3887 2616 t
10 CW f
(b\255>r)4623 2616 w
10 R f
(it does noth\255)2 508 1 4892 2616 t
(ing.)1080 2736 w
10 I f
(Clipr)1283 2736 w
10 R f
(returns 1 if the clipping region was set, 0 if it was not.)12 2159 1 1520 2736 t
(A)1080 2904 w
10 CW f
(Font)1200 2904 w
10 R f
(is a set of character images, indexed by runes \(see)9 2201 1 1488 2904 t
10 I f
(utf)3737 2904 w
10 R f
( organized into)2 647( images are)2 500(\(6\)\). The)1 402 3 3851 2904 t
10 CW f
(Subfont)1080 3024 w
10 R f
(s, each containing the images for a small, contiguous set of runes.)11 2712 1 1500 3024 t
10 CW f
(Font)4270 3024 w
10 R f
(and)4543 3024 w
10 CW f
(Subfont)4720 3024 w
10 R f
(struc\255)5173 3024 w
(tures contain two related fields:)4 1259 1 1080 3144 t
10 CW f
(ascent)2364 3144 w
10 R f
( top)1 154(, the distance from the top of the highest character \(actually the)11 2522 2 2724 3144 t
( baseline, and)2 546(of the bitmap holding all the characters\) to the)8 1855 2 1080 3264 t
10 CW f
(height)3506 3264 w
10 R f
(, the distance from the top of the high\255)8 1534 1 3866 3264 t
( width of any par\255)4 723( The)1 207( the bottom of the lowest character \(and hence, the interline spacing\).)11 2785(est character to)2 605 4 1080 3384 t
(ticular character)1 645 1 1080 3504 t
10 CW f
(r)1751 3504 w
10 R f
(in a font is returned by)5 912 1 1837 3504 t
10 I f
(charwidth.)2774 3504 w
10 R f
(The width is defined as the amount to add to the hori\255)11 2145 1 3255 3504 t
(zontal position after drawing the character.)5 1797 1 1080 3624 t
10 CW f
(Charwidth)2945 3624 w
10 R f
(calls the graphics error function if)5 1445 1 3528 3624 t
10 CW f
(r)5016 3624 w
10 R f
(is zero)1 281 1 5119 3624 t
(\(NUL\) because)1 623 1 1080 3744 t
10 CW f
(string)1740 3744 w
10 R f
(\(see)2137 3744 w
10 I f
(bitblt)2334 3744 w
10 R f
( by the)2 294( other fields are used internally)5 1299( The)1 217(\(2\)\) cannot draw a NUL.)4 1036 4 2554 3744 t
( See)1 194(text\255drawing functions.)1 932 2 1080 3864 t
10 I f
(cachechars)2231 3864 w
10 R f
(\(2\) for a detailed description.)4 1161 1 2693 3864 t
10 I f
(Rdfontfile)1080 4032 w
10 R f
(reads the font description in file)5 1353 1 1516 4032 t
10 I f
(name)2910 4032 w
10 R f
(and returns a pointer that can by used by)8 1755 1 3167 4032 t
10 I f
(string)4964 4032 w
10 R f
(\(see)5240 4032 w
10 I f
(bitblt)1080 4152 w
10 R f
( The)1 207(\(2\)\) to draw characters from the font.)6 1493 2 1300 4152 t
10 I f
(ldepth)3027 4152 w
10 R f
( will be cached; it)4 714(argument specifies how characters)3 1382 2 3304 4152 t
( will most often be the target of)7 1313(should usually be the ldepth of the bitmap that)8 1911 2 1080 4272 t
10 I f
(string)4337 4272 w
10 R f
(.)4579 4272 w
10 I f
(Ffree)4662 4272 w
10 R f
(frees a font.)2 489 1 4911 4272 t
(The convention for naming font files is:)6 1593 1 1080 4392 t
10 CW f
(/lib/font/bit/)1440 4560 w
10 I f
(name)2280 4560 w
10 CW f
(/)2496 4560 w
10 I f
(range)2556 4560 w
10 CW f
(.)2789 4560 w
10 I f
(size)2849 4560 w
10 CW f
(.font)2999 4560 w
10 R f
(where)1080 4728 w
10 I f
(size)1350 4728 w
10 R f
( in pixels of the lower case letters \(without ascenders or descenders\).)11 2776(is approximately the height)3 1097 2 1527 4728 t
10 I f
(Range)1080 4848 w
10 R f
(gives some indication of which characters will be available: for example)10 2964 1 1367 4848 t
10 CW f
(ascii)4363 4848 w
10 R f
(,)4663 4848 w
10 CW f
(latin1)4719 4848 w
10 R f
(,)5079 4848 w
10 CW f
(euro)5135 4848 w
10 R f
(,)5375 4848 w
(or)1080 4968 w
10 CW f
(unicode)1205 4968 w
10 R f
(.)1625 4968 w
10 CW f
(Euro)1717 4968 w
10 R f
(includes most European languages, punctuation marks, the International Phonetic)8 3401 1 1999 4968 t
(Alphabet, etc., but no Oriental languages.)5 1711 1 1080 5088 t
10 CW f
(Unicode)2851 5088 w
10 R f
( on)1 134(includes every character for which images exist)6 1960 2 3306 5088 t
(the system.)1 450 1 1080 5208 t
(A)1080 5376 w
10 I f
(Cursor)1177 5376 w
10 R f
(is defined:)1 419 1 1486 5376 t
10 CW f
(typedef struct)1 840 1 1440 5544 t
(Cursor {)1 480 1 1440 5664 t
(Point offset;)1 780 1 1740 5784 t
(uchar clr[2*16];)1 960 1 1740 5904 t
(uchar set[2*16];)1 960 1 1740 6024 t
(} Cursor;)1 540 1 1440 6144 t
10 R f
( two bytes per row, left to right in big\255endian order to give 16 rows of 16)16 3006(The arrays are arranged in rows,)5 1314 2 1080 6312 t
( by adding)2 424( cursor is displayed on the screen)6 1337( A)1 124(bits each.)1 379 4 1080 6432 t
10 CW f
(offset)3370 6432 w
10 R f
(to the current mouse position, using)5 1438 1 3756 6432 t
10 CW f
(clr)5220 6432 w
10 R f
(as a mask to zero the pixels where)7 1366 1 1080 6552 t
10 CW f
(clr)2471 6552 w
10 R f
(is 1, and then setting pixels to ones where)8 1668 1 2676 6552 t
10 CW f
(set)4369 6552 w
10 R f
(is one.)1 261 1 4574 6552 t
(The function)1 517 1 1080 6720 t
10 I f
(binit)1626 6720 w
10 R f
( The)1 210( called before using any graphics operations.)6 1812(must be)1 318 3 1839 6720 t
10 I f
(errfun)4209 6720 w
10 R f
(argument is a function)3 911 1 4489 6720 t
( functions detect a fatal error; such an error)8 1754(to be called with an error message argument when the graphics)10 2566 2 1080 6840 t
( zero for the)3 502( A)1 128(function must not return.)3 1012 3 1080 6960 t
10 I f
(errfun)2753 6960 w
10 R f
(specifies the default)2 810 1 3034 6960 t
10 I f
(berror)3875 6960 w
10 R f
(, which prints the message and)5 1256 1 4144 6960 t
(exits. If)1 333 1 1080 7080 t
10 I f
(label)1441 7080 w
10 R f
(is non\255null, it will be written to)6 1266 1 1669 7080 t
10 CW f
(/dev/label)2962 7080 w
10 R f
(, so that it can be used to identify the window)10 1838 1 3562 7080 t
(when hidden \(see)2 700 1 1080 7200 t
10 I f
(8\275)1806 7200 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\).)1939 7200 w
10 CW f
(Binit)2164 7200 w
10 R f
(sets up the global)3 700 1 2490 7200 t
10 I f
(screen)3216 7200 w
10 R f
( a bitmap describing the area of the screen)8 1700(to be)1 198 2 3502 7200 t
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10 R f
( \( 2G \))3 212( GRAPHICS)1 3761(GRAPHICS \( 2G \))3 707 3 720 480 t
( will be either the whole screen, or some portion of it if the program is run\255)16 3062( This)1 232(that the program can use.)4 1026 3 1080 960 t
(ning under a window system such as)6 1483 1 1080 1080 t
10 I f
(8\275)2591 1080 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)2724 1080 w
10 CW f
(Binit)2918 1080 w
10 R f
(also establishes a font by reading the named)7 1782 1 3246 1080 t
10 I f
(font)5057 1080 w
10 R f
(file.)5242 1080 w
(If)1080 1200 w
10 CW f
(font)1186 1200 w
10 R f
(is null,)1 288 1 1466 1200 t
10 I f
(binit)1794 1200 w
10 R f
( in the environment variable)4 1182(reads the file named)3 851 2 2018 1200 t
10 CW f
($font)4090 1200 w
10 R f
(; if)1 128 1 4390 1200 t
10 CW f
($font)4557 1200 w
10 R f
(is not set, it)3 504 1 4896 1200 t
( global)1 276( The)1 206( system.)1 329(imports the default \(usually minimal\) font from the operating)8 2448 4 1080 1320 t
10 I f
(font)4365 1320 w
10 R f
(will be set to point to)5 853 1 4547 1320 t
(the resulting)1 501 1 1080 1440 t
10 CW f
(Font)1610 1440 w
10 R f
( effect of)2 367(structure. Another)1 755 2 1879 1440 t
10 I f
(binit)3030 1440 w
10 R f
(is that it installs)3 641 1 3242 1440 t
10 I f
(print)3911 1440 w
10 R f
(\(2\) formats)1 449 1 4114 1440 t
10 I f
(Pconv)4591 1440 w
10 R f
(and)4868 1440 w
10 I f
(Rconv)5040 1440 w
10 R f
(as)5317 1440 w
10 CW f
(%P)1080 1560 w
10 R f
(and)1225 1560 w
10 CW f
(%R)1394 1560 w
10 R f
(for printing)1 458 1 1539 1560 t
10 CW f
(Points)2022 1560 w
10 R f
(and)2407 1560 w
10 CW f
(Rectangles)2576 1560 w
10 R f
(.)3176 1560 w
10 I f
(Bclose)1080 1728 w
10 R f
( the application to the graphics server, typically for use by a)11 2533(closes the file descriptor connecting)4 1484 2 1383 1728 t
( pending)1 358( does not automatically flush)4 1203( It)1 123(child process that needs to disconnect from the graphics server.)9 2636 4 1080 1848 t
(output \(see)1 442 1 1080 1968 t
10 I f
(bflush)1548 1968 w
10 R f
(, below\).)1 353 1 1801 1968 t
10 I f
(Bclose)2205 1968 w
10 R f
(is not needed by most programs.)5 1304 1 2497 1968 t
10 I f
(Bexit)3853 1968 w
10 R f
(completes any pending graphics.)3 1315 1 4085 1968 t
(It is called automatically by)4 1110 1 1080 2088 t
10 I f
(exits)2215 2088 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)2406 2088 w
(The)1080 2256 w
10 I f
(screen)1267 2256 w
10 CW f
(.r)1535 2256 w
10 R f
(field is not maintained across `reshape' events; use)7 2081 1 1687 2256 t
10 I f
(bscreenrect)3800 2256 w
10 R f
(to discover the current size)4 1103 1 4297 2256 t
(\(see)1080 2376 w
10 I f
(event)1265 2376 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\); a non\255null)2 610 1 1483 2376 t
10 CW f
(cr)2118 2376 w
10 R f
(will be filled in with the screen's clip rectangle.)8 1905 1 2263 2376 t
( initial cursor is an arrow.)5 1066( The)1 213(The mouse cursor is always displayed.)5 1582 3 1080 2544 t
10 I f
(Cursorswitch)3999 2544 w
10 R f
(causes the argument)2 827 1 4573 2544 t
( the arrow cursor.)3 754( zero argument causes a switch back to)7 1680( A)1 140(cursor to be displayed instead.)4 1284 4 1080 2664 t
10 I f
(Cursorset)5005 2664 w
10 R f
( cursor to position)3 728(moves the mouse)2 694 2 1080 2784 t
10 I f
(p,)2528 2784 w
10 R f
(provided \(if in a window\) that the requesting program is executing in)11 2771 1 2629 2784 t
(the current window and the mouse is within the window boundaries; otherwise)11 3149 1 1080 2904 t
10 I f
(cursorset)4254 2904 w
10 R f
(is a no\255op.)2 419 1 4651 2904 t
(The graphics functions described in)4 1453 1 1080 3072 t
10 I f
(bitblt)2565 3072 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2785 3072 w
10 I f
(balloc)2958 3072 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)3216 3072 w
10 I f
(cachechars)3389 3072 w
10 R f
(\(2\), and)1 317 1 3851 3072 t
10 I f
(subfalloc)4200 3072 w
10 R f
(\(2\) are implemented)2 825 1 4575 3072 t
(by writing commands to)3 978 1 1080 3192 t
10 CW f
(/dev/bitblt)2084 3192 w
10 R f
(\(see)2770 3192 w
10 I f
(bit)2956 3192 w
10 R f
( the functions may not take)5 1085(\(3\)\); the writes are buffered, so)5 1245 2 3070 3192 t
(effect immediately.)1 787 1 1080 3312 t
10 I f
(Bflush)1928 3312 w
10 R f
(flushes the buffer, doing all pending graphics operations.)7 2361 1 2221 3312 t
10 I f
(Binit)4644 3312 w
10 R f
(arranges that)1 524 1 4876 3312 t
10 I f
(bflush)1080 3432 w
10 R f
( all cause a flush:)4 765(will be called on exit, and the following functions)8 2142 2 1369 3432 t
10 I f
(balloc, bfree, bscreenrect,)2 1081 1 4319 3432 t
( rdfontfile, subfalloc, ffree, rdbitmap,)4 1550(cursorset, cursorswitch, ecankbd, ecanmouse, ekbd, emouse, event,)6 2770 2 1080 3552 t
10 R f
(and)1080 3672 w
10 I f
(wrbitmap.)1249 3672 w
10 R f
(The rare program that needs to implement the)7 1855 1 1080 3840 t
10 CW f
(/dev/bitblt)2964 3840 w
10 R f
(protocol directly can use)3 996 1 3653 3840 t
10 I f
(bneed)4678 3840 w
10 R f
(and)4945 3840 w
10 I f
(bwrite.)5119 3840 w
(Bneed)1080 3960 w
10 R f
( for)1 156(returns a pointer to a place in the write buffer, allocating space)11 2675 2 1370 3960 t
10 I f
(n)4241 3960 w
10 R f
( buffer will be)3 613(bytes. The)1 456 2 4331 3960 t
(flushed first if)2 574 1 1080 4080 t
10 I f
(n)1683 4080 w
10 R f
( filling in bytes allocated with)5 1222( After)1 264(is zero, or the buffer is too full.)7 1273 3 1762 4080 t
10 I f
(bneed)4551 4080 w
10 R f
(,)4797 4080 w
10 I f
(bwrite)4852 4080 w
10 R f
(can be)1 262 1 5138 4080 t
( Unlike)1 329( in the buffer and reset the buffer pointer.)8 1704(used to write everything)3 992 3 1080 4200 t
10 I f
(bflush, bwrite)1 558 1 4137 4200 t
10 R f
(does not call the)3 673 1 4727 4200 t
( possible and the error function is inappropri\255)7 1853(registered error function and so can be used when an error is)11 2467 2 1080 4320 t
(ate.)1080 4440 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 4608 t
10 CW f
(/lib/font/bit)1080 4728 w
10 R f
(directory of bitmap fonts)3 996 1 1960 4728 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4896 t
10 I f
(add)1080 5016 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1238 5016 w
10 I f
(balloc)1428 5016 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1686 5016 w
10 I f
(cachechars)1876 5016 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2338 5016 w
10 I f
(subfalloc)2529 5016 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2904 5016 w
10 I f
(bitblt)3095 5016 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)3315 5016 w
10 I f
(event)3506 5016 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)3724 5016 w
10 I f
(frame)3915 5016 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)4156 5016 w
10 I f
(print)4347 5016 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)4550 5016 w
10 I f
(bit)4741 5016 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)4855 5016 w
10 I f
(layer)5046 5016 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)5259 5016 w
10 I f
(bitmap)1080 5136 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)1366 5136 w
10 I f
(font)1532 5136 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1696 5136 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 5304 t
10 R f
(An error function may call)4 1064 1 1080 5424 t
10 I f
(errstr)2169 5424 w
10 R f
(\(2\) for further diagnostics.)3 1053 1 2405 5424 t
( 240)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( HYPOT)1 4067(HYPOT \( 2 \))3 473 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(hypot)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1333 1080 w
10 R f
(Euclidean distance)1 751 1 1423 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(double hypot\(double x, double y\))4 1920 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Hypot)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(returns)1349 1656 w
10 CW f
(sqrt\(x*x + y*y\))2 900 1 1800 1824 t
10 R f
(taking precautions against unwarranted overflows.)4 2015 1 1080 1992 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 241)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2X \))3 212( IP)1 4167(IP \( 2X \))3 301 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(eipconv, parseip, parseether, myipaddr, myetheraddr, maskip, etherip, equivip)7 3116 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4221 1080 w
10 R f
(Internet protocol)1 668 1 4311 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <ip.h>)1 900 1 1080 1368 t
( *o, int f1, int f2, int f3, int chr\))9 2220(int eipconv\(void)1 1080 2 1080 1536 t
( *ipaddr, char *str\))3 1200(int parseip\(uchar)1 1140 2 1080 1704 t
( *eaddr, char *str\))3 1140(int parseether\(uchar)1 1320 2 1080 1872 t
( *ipaddr, char *net\))3 1200(int myipaddr\(uchar)1 1200 2 1080 2040 t
( *eaddr, char *net\))3 1140(int myetheraddr\(uchar)1 1380 2 1080 2208 t
( *from, uchar *mask, uchar *to\))5 1860(void maskip\(uchar)1 1080 2 1080 2376 t
( *ipaddr1, uchar *ipaddr2\))3 1560(int equivip\(uchar)1 1140 2 1080 2544 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2712 t
10 R f
( IP)1 152( manipulate IP and Ethernet addresses.)5 1612(These routines are used by Internet Protocol \(IP\) programs to)9 2556 3 1080 2832 t
(addresses are stored as a string of 4)7 1431 1 1080 2952 t
10 CW f
(unsigned chars)1 808 1 2539 2952 t
10 R f
( addresses as 6)3 596(, Ethernet)1 391 2 3347 2952 t
10 CW f
(unsigned chars)1 807 1 4361 2952 t
10 R f
(. The)1 232 1 5168 2952 t
( The)1 210( 4 decimal integers from 0 to 255 separated by periods.)10 2249(string representation of IP addresses is \(up to\))7 1861 3 1080 3072 t
(string representation of Ethernet addresses is exactly 12 hexadecimal digits.)9 3028 1 1080 3192 t
10 I f
(Eipconv)1080 3360 w
10 R f
(is a)1 136 1 1432 3360 t
10 I f
(print)1593 3360 w
10 R f
(\(2\) formatter for Ethernet \(verb)4 1251 1 1796 3360 t
10 CW f
(I)3072 3360 w
10 R f
(\) and Internet protocol \(verb)4 1130 1 3132 3360 t
10 CW f
(E)4287 3360 w
10 R f
(\) addresses.)1 465 1 4347 3360 t
10 I f
(Parseip)1080 3528 w
10 R f
(converts a string pointed to by)5 1238 1 1421 3528 t
10 I f
(str)2689 3528 w
10 R f
(to a 4\255byte IP address starting at)6 1317 1 2825 3528 t
10 I f
(ipaddr. Myipaddr)1 716 1 4172 3528 t
10 R f
( IP)1 120(reads the)1 362 2 4918 3528 t
(address string from file)3 938 1 1080 3648 t
10 CW f
(/)2046 3648 w
10 I f
(net)2114 3648 w
10 CW f
(/1/local)2244 3648 w
10 R f
(and parses it into)3 689 1 2752 3648 t
10 I f
(ipaddr)3469 3648 w
10 R f
( return a negative number)4 1033( routines)1 350(. Both)1 273 3 3744 3648 t
(on errors.)1 382 1 1080 3768 t
10 I f
(Parseether)1080 3936 w
10 R f
( by)1 133(converts a string pointed to)4 1116 2 1550 3936 t
10 I f
(str)2832 3936 w
10 R f
(to a 6 byte Ethernet address starting at)7 1584 1 2971 3936 t
10 I f
(eaddr. Myetheraddr)1 812 1 4588 3936 t
10 R f
(reads the Ethernet address string from file)6 1710 1 1080 4056 t
10 I f
(net)2821 4056 w
10 CW f
(/1/stats)2951 4056 w
10 R f
(and parses it into)3 698 1 3462 4056 t
10 I f
(eaddr)4190 4056 w
10 R f
( routines return a)3 694(. Both)1 275 2 4431 4056 t
(negative number on errors.)3 1075 1 1080 4176 t
10 I f
(Maskip)1080 4344 w
10 R f
( by its first two arguments into the buffer)8 1723(places the bit\255wise AND of the IP addresses pointed to)9 2269 2 1408 4344 t
(pointed to by the third.)4 914 1 1080 4464 t
10 I f
(Equivip)1080 4632 w
10 R f
(returns non\255zero if the IP addresses pointed to by its two arguments are equal.)13 3111 1 1416 4632 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4800 t
10 I f
(print)1080 4920 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1283 4920 w
( 242)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2X \))3 212( LAYER)1 3923(LAYER \( 2X \))3 545 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(lalloc, lfree, ltofront, ltoback, lcstring)4 1498 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2603 1080 w
10 R f
(graphics layers)1 601 1 2693 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <u.h>)1 840 1 1080 1368 t
(#include <libc.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1488 t
(#include <libg.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1608 t
(#include <layer.h>)1 1080 1 1080 1728 t
( *c, Rectangle r\))3 1020(Layer* lalloc\(Cover)1 1440 2 1080 1896 t
( *l\))1 240(void lfree\(Layer)1 1080 2 1080 2064 t
( *l\))1 240(void ltofront\(Layer)1 1260 2 1080 2232 t
( *l\))1 240(void ltoback\(Layer)1 1200 2 1080 2400 t
( *b, int height, uchar *widths, uchar *msg, int n\))9 3000(void lcstring\(Bitmap)1 1320 2 1080 2568 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2736 t
10 R f
( library \(see)2 492(The layer library extends the functionality of the bitmap graphics)9 2667 2 1080 2856 t
10 I f
(graphics)4272 2856 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) to overlapping)2 770 1 4630 2856 t
(independent rectangular windows, or)3 1531 1 1080 2976 t
10 I f
(layers,)2653 2976 w
10 R f
( entry points)2 532( The)1 221(on a single bitmap, typically the screen.)6 1683 3 2964 2976 t
10 CW f
(bitblt)1080 3096 w
10 R f
(,)1440 3096 w
10 CW f
(point)1505 3096 w
10 R f
(,)1805 3096 w
10 CW f
(segment)1870 3096 w
10 R f
(,)2290 3096 w
10 CW f
(string)2355 3096 w
10 R f
(,)2715 3096 w
10 CW f
(subfontstring)2781 3096 w
10 R f
(, and)1 210 1 3561 3096 t
10 CW f
(texture)3812 3096 w
10 R f
(are overloaded in the layer)4 1127 1 4273 3096 t
( than)1 205( Other)1 285(library to apply these routines equally to bitmaps and layers.)9 2486 3 1080 3216 t
10 I f
(lcstring,)4089 3216 w
10 R f
( rarely needed,)2 603(which is)1 344 2 4453 3216 t
(there are no special entry points for drawing on layers.)9 2178 1 1080 3336 t
(The data structures associated with the main type,)7 1991 1 1080 3504 t
10 CW f
(Layer)3096 3504 w
10 R f
(, are defined in)3 598 1 3396 3504 t
10 CW f
(<layer.h>)4019 3504 w
10 R f
(:)4559 3504 w
10 CW f
(typedef struct Layer Layer;)3 1620 1 1440 3672 t
(typedef struct Cover Cover;)3 1620 1 1440 3792 t
(typedef enum Lvis {)3 1140 1 1440 3912 t
(Visible,)1740 4032 w
(Obscured,)1740 4152 w
(Invisible,)1740 4272 w
(}Lvis;)1440 4392 w
(struct Layer {)2 840 1 1440 4632 t
( Bitmap.cache!=0 ==> layer */)4 1740(Bitmap; /*)1 1200 2 1740 4752 t
( next layer from front to back */)7 1980( /*)1 420(Layer *next;)1 780 3 1740 4872 t
( layer etc. from which this is derived */)8 2460( /*)1 360(Cover *cover;)1 840 3 1740 4992 t
( a place for the user to stick stuff */)9 2340( /*)1 480(int user;)1 720 3 1740 5112 t
( visibility state */)3 1200( /*)1 540(Lvis vis;)1 660 3 1740 5232 t
(};)1440 5352 w
(struct Cover {)2 840 1 1440 5592 t
( layer on which these are painted */)7 2160( /*)1 360(Layer *layer;)1 840 3 1740 5712 t
( first sublayer */)3 1080( /*)1 360(Layer *front;)1 840 3 1740 5832 t
( background texture */)3 1320( /*)1 300(Bitmap *ground;)1 900 3 1740 5952 t
(};)1440 6072 w
(Layers)1080 6240 w
10 R f
(and)1468 6240 w
10 CW f
(Bitmaps)1640 6240 w
10 R f
(are distinguished by the)3 961 1 2088 6240 t
10 CW f
(cache)3077 6240 w
10 R f
(element of their structures:)3 1082 1 3405 6240 t
10 CW f
(cache)4515 6240 w
10 R f
(is non\255zero in)2 557 1 4843 6240 t
(a)1080 6360 w
10 CW f
(Layer)1157 6360 w
10 R f
( layer library's versions of the graphics routines listed above use)10 2653(. The)1 238 2 1457 6360 t
10 CW f
(cache)4381 6360 w
10 R f
( to)1 110(to decide how)2 576 2 4714 6360 t
( functions operate on type)4 1037( These)1 288(implement their operations.)2 1102 3 1080 6480 t
10 CW f
(Bitmap*)3532 6480 w
10 R f
(but because)1 469 1 3978 6480 t
10 CW f
(Bitmap)4473 6480 w
10 R f
(is included in)2 541 1 4859 6480 t
10 CW f
(Layer)1080 6600 w
10 R f
(, the C compiler will permit passing a)7 1561 1 1380 6600 t
10 CW f
(Layer)2974 6600 w
10 R f
( routines promote the type to)5 1187( The)1 212(to these routines.)2 694 3 3307 6600 t
10 CW f
(Layer*)1080 6720 w
10 R f
(if they see)2 420 1 1470 6720 t
10 CW f
(cache)1920 6720 w
10 R f
( that these actions apply only in the layer library; although)10 2391( \(Note)1 283(is non\255zero.)1 476 3 2250 6720 t
10 CW f
(cache)1080 6840 w
10 R f
(is defined in)2 494 1 1405 6840 t
10 CW f
(Bitmaps)1924 6840 w
10 R f
(, the standard graphics library does not support layers.\))8 2196 1 2344 6840 t
10 I f
(Lalloc)1080 7008 w
10 R f
(allocates a new)2 621 1 1367 7008 t
10 CW f
(Layer)2019 7008 w
10 R f
(to occupy)1 397 1 2350 7008 t
10 CW f
(Rectangle)2778 7008 w
10 I f
(r)3349 7008 w
10 R f
(in a)1 154 1 3419 7008 t
10 CW f
(Bitmap)3605 7008 w
10 R f
( argument)1 409(. The)1 237 2 3965 7008 t
10 CW f
(Cover)4643 7008 w
10 I f
(c)4975 7008 w
10 R f
(connects)5051 7008 w
(the set of)2 376 1 1080 7128 t
10 CW f
(Layers)1486 7128 w
10 R f
(to a)1 152 1 1876 7128 t
10 I f
(covering)2058 7128 w
10 CW f
(Bitmap)2437 7128 w
10 R f
( the first call to)4 621(. Before)1 350 2 2797 7128 t
10 I f
(lalloc, c)1 326 1 3797 7128 t
10 R f
(should be allocated and initial\255)4 1248 1 4152 7128 t
(ized so)1 281 1 1080 7248 t
10 I f
(c)1387 7248 w
10 CW f
(\255>cover)1439 7248 w
10 R f
(is the)1 215 1 1885 7248 t
10 CW f
(Bitmap)2126 7248 w
10 R f
(on which the)2 520 1 2513 7248 t
10 CW f
(Layers)3060 7248 w
10 R f
(will be drawn,)2 578 1 3447 7248 t
10 I f
(c)4052 7248 w
10 CW f
(\255>front)4104 7248 w
10 R f
(is zero,)1 290 1 4551 7248 t
10 I f
(c)4868 7248 w
10 CW f
(\255>ground)4920 7248 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 243)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2X \))3 212( LAYER)1 3923(LAYER \( 2X \))3 545 3 720 480 t
(is a background texture to fill the interstices between)8 2393 1 1080 960 t
10 CW f
(Layers)3532 960 w
10 R f
(, and)1 228 1 3892 960 t
10 I f
(c)4179 960 w
10 CW f
(\255>cover)4231 960 w
10 R f
(is textured with)2 690 1 4710 960 t
10 I f
(c)1080 1080 w
10 CW f
(\255>ground)1132 1080 w
10 I f
(.)1620 1080 w
10 R f
(It is legal for)3 528 1 1700 1080 t
10 I f
(c)2258 1080 w
10 CW f
(\255>cover)2310 1080 w
10 R f
(itself to be a)3 506 1 2760 1080 t
10 CW f
(Layer)3296 1080 w
10 R f
( rectangle)1 396( The)1 211( layering.)1 383(for recursive)1 511 4 3626 1080 t
10 I f
(r)5158 1080 w
10 R f
(may)5228 1080 w
(have arbitrary overlap, including none, with the)6 1956 1 1080 1200 t
10 I f
(c)3069 1200 w
10 CW f
(\255>cover\255>r)3121 1200 w
10 I f
(.)3729 1200 w
10 R f
(After calling)1 515 1 3812 1200 t
10 I f
(lalloc,)4360 1200 w
10 R f
(the new)1 321 1 4646 1200 t
10 CW f
(Layer)5000 1200 w
10 R f
(is)5333 1200 w
(fully visible \(as far as geometry permits\) on the covering)9 2271 1 1080 1320 t
10 CW f
(Bitmap)3376 1320 w
10 R f
(and is cleared to all zeros.)5 1036 1 3761 1320 t
10 I f
(Lfree)1080 1488 w
10 R f
(frees the)1 340 1 1316 1488 t
10 CW f
(Layer)1681 1488 w
10 I f
(l)2006 1488 w
10 R f
(and restores the contents of its covering)6 1586 1 2059 1488 t
10 CW f
(Bitmap)3670 1488 w
10 R f
(.)4030 1488 w
10 I f
(Ltofront)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(makes)1436 1656 w
10 I f
(l)1718 1656 w
10 R f
(fully visible within its covering)4 1264 1 1773 1656 t
10 CW f
(Bitmap)3064 1656 w
10 R f
(.)3424 1656 w
10 I f
(Ltoback)3501 1656 w
10 R f
(pushes)3851 1656 w
10 I f
(l)4151 1656 w
10 R f
(behind any other)2 677 1 4207 1656 t
10 CW f
(Layers)4912 1656 w
10 R f
(on)5300 1656 w
(the same covering)2 726 1 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(Bitmap)1831 1776 w
10 R f
( function changes the x\255y location of the)7 1611(. Neither)1 374 2 2191 1776 t
10 CW f
(Layer)4201 1776 w
10 R f
(.)4501 1776 w
10 I f
(Lcstring)1080 1944 w
10 R f
(is peculiar to programs, such as)5 1324 1 1452 1944 t
10 I f
(8\275)2814 1944 w
10 R f
( as a)2 205( acts)1 193( It)1 124(\(1\), that multiplex client access to the display.)7 1931 4 2947 1944 t
(feed\255through for the)2 807 1 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
('s')1914 2064 w
10 R f
(message generated by)2 879 1 2121 2064 t
10 CW f
(string)3027 2064 w
10 R f
(\(see)3414 2064 w
10 I f
(bit)3601 2064 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\).)3715 2064 w
10 I f
(B)3941 2064 w
10 R f
(is the bitmap \(or layer\) and)5 1094 1 4029 2064 t
10 I f
(height)5150 2064 w
10 R f
( of the font in which the string is to be drawn.)11 1870(is the height)2 495 2 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(Widths)3499 2184 w
10 R f
(is an array of character widths, indexed)6 1594 1 3806 2184 t
(by font cache position.)3 964 1 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(Msg)2112 2304 w
10 R f
(is a pointer to the)4 766 1 2327 2304 t
10 CW f
(string)3136 2304 w
10 R f
(message; it contains the header and)5 1501 1 3539 2304 t
10 I f
(n)5082 2304 w
10 R f
(cache)5174 2304 w
(indices.)1080 2424 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2592 t
10 I f
(graphics)1080 2712 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1438 2712 w
10 I f
(bitblt)1604 2712 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1824 2712 w
10 I f
(cachechars)1990 2712 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2452 2712 w
10 I f
(bit)2618 2712 w
10 R f
(\(3\))2732 2712 w
( 244)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2X \))3 212( MACH)1 3956(MACH \( 2X \))3 512 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( leswal)1 291(crackhdr, newmap, setmap, unusemap, freemap, loadmap, mget, mput, beswab, beswal, leswab,)10 3928 2 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)5335 1080 w
10 R f
(executable file interpretation)2 1147 1 1080 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(#include <bio.h>)1 960 1 1080 1488 t
(#include <mach.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1608 t
( fd, Fhdr *fp\))3 840(int crackhdr\(int)1 1020 2 1080 1776 t
( *map, int fd\))3 840(Map *newmap\(Map)1 960 2 1080 1944 t
( *map, int seg, ulong base, ulong end, ulong foffset\))9 3180(int setmap\(Map)1 900 2 1080 2112 t
(void unusemap\(Map *map, int seg\))4 1920 1 1080 2280 t
( *map, int fd, Fhdr *fp\))5 1440(Map *loadmap\(Map)1 1020 2 1080 2448 t
( *map, int seg, ulong addr, char *buf, int size\))9 2880(int mget\(Map)1 780 2 1080 2616 t
(int mput\(Map *map, int seg, ulong addr, char *buf, int size\))10 3600 1 1080 2784 t
(ushort beswab\(ushort s\))2 1380 1 1080 2952 t
(long beswal\(long l\))2 1140 1 1080 3120 t
(ushort leswab\(ushort s\))2 1380 1 1080 3288 t
(long leswal\(long l\))2 1140 1 1080 3456 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 3624 t
10 R f
( of an executable file or executing process image.)8 2007(These functions provide machine\255independent processing)4 2313 2 1080 3744 t
(The latter is accessible by opening the device)7 1873 1 1080 3864 t
10 CW f
(/proc/)2987 3864 w
10 I f
(pid)3347 3864 w
10 CW f
(/text)3475 3864 w
10 R f
(as described in)2 609 1 3808 3864 t
10 I f
(proc)4450 3864 w
10 R f
( functions)1 405(\(3\). The)1 354 2 4641 3864 t
(are stored in library)3 829 1 1080 3984 t
10 CW f
(libmach.a)1949 3984 w
10 R f
(; the library is automatically searched by the loader when header file)11 2911 1 2489 3984 t
10 I f
(mach.h)1080 4104 w
10 R f
(is included in a source file.)5 1111 1 1403 4104 t
10 I f
(Symbol)2570 4104 w
10 R f
(\(2\) and)1 291 1 2872 4104 t
10 I f
(object)3194 4104 w
10 R f
(\(2\) describe additional library functions for pro\255)6 1954 1 3446 4104 t
(cessing symbol tables and object files.)5 1532 1 1080 4224 t
10 I f
(Crackhdr)1080 4392 w
10 R f
(loads data structure)2 798 1 1499 4392 t
10 I f
(fp)2333 4392 w
10 R f
( of the executable)3 742(with a machine\255independent description of the header)6 2211 2 2447 4392 t
( image associated with the open file descriptor)7 1911(file or)1 250 2 1080 4512 t
10 I f
(fd)3274 4512 w
10 R f
( also sets global variable)4 1014(. It)1 144 2 3360 4512 t
10 I f
(mach)4551 4512 w
10 R f
(pointing to the)2 600 1 4800 4512 t
10 CW f
(Mach)1080 4632 w
10 R f
(data structure containing the machine\255dependent parameters of the target architecture.)9 3429 1 1345 4632 t
(A)1080 4800 w
10 I f
(Map)1183 4800 w
10 R f
( in the logical address space of an executable to an)10 2087(is a data structure used to transform an address)8 1916 2 1397 4800 t
( map comprises up to four logical)6 1367( Each)1 253( a file or executing image.)5 1062(offset in)1 335 4 1080 4920 t
10 CW f
(segments)4126 4920 w
10 R f
(, named)1 320 1 4606 4920 t
10 CW f
(SEGDATA)4955 4920 w
10 R f
(,)5375 4920 w
10 CW f
(SEGTEXT)1080 5040 w
10 R f
(,)1500 5040 w
10 CW f
(SEGUBLK)1560 5040 w
10 R f
(, and)1 204 1 1980 5040 t
10 CW f
(SEGREGS)2219 5040 w
10 R f
(, that map the data, text,)5 1010 1 2639 5040 t
10 CW f
(u\255block)3684 5040 w
10 R f
(, and register segments, respec\255)4 1296 1 4104 5040 t
( portion of the physical address)5 1266( A)1 125( applicable to executing images.)4 1296( latter two segments are only)5 1171(tively. The)1 462 5 1080 5160 t
( high addresses of the logical)5 1192( segment defines the low and)5 1187( A)1 127(space may be mapped by multiple segments.)6 1814 4 1080 5280 t
(address space and the physical offset into the file or executing image to the beginning of the address space.)18 4272 1 1080 5400 t
10 I f
(Newmap)1080 5568 w
10 R f
( If)1 117( use.)1 184(creates a new map or recycles one currently in)8 1849 3 1455 5568 t
10 I f
(map)3631 5568 w
10 R f
(is zero, a new map is dynamically allo\255)7 1571 1 3829 5568 t
( map is marked empty and attached to the)8 1720( The)1 212( existing map.)2 578(cated, otherwise it is assumed to point to an)8 1810 4 1080 5688 t
(open file descriptor)2 776 1 1080 5808 t
10 I f
(fd)1881 5808 w
10 R f
( address of the map is returned.)6 1250(. The)1 230 2 1967 5808 t
10 I f
(Setmap)1080 5976 w
10 R f
(loads segment)1 573 1 1403 5976 t
10 I f
(seg)2005 5976 w
10 R f
(of)2167 5976 w
10 I f
(map)2279 5976 w
10 R f
(with the segment mapping parameters.)4 1561 1 2480 5976 t
10 I f
(Base)4095 5976 w
10 R f
(and)4318 5976 w
10 I f
(end)4491 5976 w
10 R f
( lowest)1 291(contain the)1 445 2 4664 5976 t
(and highest virtual addresses mapped by the segment.)7 2210 1 1080 6096 t
10 I f
(Foffset)3349 6096 w
10 R f
(contains the offset in the executable to the)7 1739 1 3661 6096 t
(start of the segment.)3 810 1 1080 6216 t
10 I f
(Unusemap)1080 6384 w
10 R f
(marks segment)1 602 1 1532 6384 t
10 I f
(seg)2159 6384 w
10 R f
(in map)1 275 1 2317 6384 t
10 I f
(map)2617 6384 w
10 R f
( segments in the map remain unaffected.)6 1616(unused. Other)1 585 2 2814 6384 t
10 I f
(Loadmap)1080 6552 w
10 R f
(uses the values in a)4 791 1 1488 6552 t
10 CW f
(Fhdr)2309 6552 w
10 R f
( \(usually filled by)3 726(data structure)1 545 2 2579 6552 t
10 I f
(crackhdr)3881 6552 w
10 R f
(\) to initialize the map for an)6 1151 1 4249 6552 t
( If)1 121( executing image.)2 717(executable file or)2 704 3 1080 6672 t
10 I f
(map)2652 6672 w
10 R f
(is zero, a new map is dynamically allocated; otherwise,)8 2247 1 2854 6672 t
10 I f
(map)5131 6672 w
10 R f
(is)5333 6672 w
( function returns the address of the map if successful, zero on)11 2527( This)1 235(initialized with the appropriate values.)4 1558 3 1080 6792 t
(failure.)1080 6912 w
10 I f
(Mget)1080 7080 w
10 R f
(reads)1310 7080 w
10 I f
(size)1545 7080 w
10 R f
(bytes into)1 392 1 1720 7080 t
10 I f
(buf)2137 7080 w
10 R f
(from the file associated with)4 1137 1 2290 7080 t
10 I f
(map)3452 7080 w
10 R f
( read from logical address)4 1040( data is)2 283(. The)1 230 3 3632 7080 t
10 I f
(addr)5211 7080 w
10 R f
(in segment)1 445 1 1080 7200 t
10 I f
(seg)1558 7200 w
10 R f
(.)1699 7200 w
10 I f
(Fput)1782 7200 w
10 R f
(is similar except it writes to the executable file or executing image associated with)13 3396 1 2004 7200 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 245)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2X \))3 212( MACH)1 3956(MACH \( 2X \))3 512 3 720 480 t
10 I f
(map)1080 960 w
10 R f
( functions return)2 660(. Both)1 270 2 1260 960 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2215 960 w
10 R f
( they are unable to calculate a physical address, 0 if the read or write oper\255)15 2984(1 if)1 136 2 2280 960 t
( segment is one of)4 727( The)1 205(ation fails, and 1 on success.)5 1145 3 1080 1080 t
10 CW f
(SEGTEXT)3182 1080 w
10 R f
(,)3602 1080 w
10 CW f
(SEGDATA)3652 1080 w
10 R f
(,)4072 1080 w
10 CW f
(SEGUBLK)4122 1080 w
10 R f
(, or)1 133 1 4542 1080 t
10 CW f
(SEGREGS)4700 1080 w
10 R f
(, or the)2 280 1 5120 1080 t
(special segment,)1 674 1 1080 1200 t
10 CW f
(SEGANY)1793 1200 w
10 R f
(. If)1 156 1 2153 1200 t
10 CW f
(SEGANY)2349 1200 w
10 R f
(is specified, the address translation is performed using the text,)9 2651 1 2749 1200 t
(data, and)1 370 1 1080 1320 t
10 CW f
(u\255block)1485 1320 w
10 R f
( to)1 112( Accesses)1 424(maps, in that order.)3 801 3 1939 1320 t
10 CW f
(SEGDATA)3310 1320 w
10 R f
(first attempt a translation using the data)6 1636 1 3764 1320 t
(map then the)2 528 1 1080 1440 t
10 CW f
(u\255block)1639 1440 w
10 R f
( first)1 193( read or write operation takes place at the address produced by the)12 2709(map. The)1 408 3 2090 1440 t
(valid translation.)1 672 1 1080 1560 t
10 I f
(Beswab)1080 1728 w
10 R f
(and)1422 1728 w
10 I f
(beswal)1597 1728 w
10 R f
(convert a big\255endian)2 832 1 1906 1728 t
10 CW f
(ushort)2769 1728 w
10 R f
(and)3160 1728 w
10 CW f
(long)3336 1728 w
10 R f
(respectively, to the target processor's native)5 1792 1 3608 1728 t
(representation.)1080 1848 w
10 I f
(Leswab)1736 1848 w
10 R f
(and)2083 1848 w
10 I f
(leswal)2268 1848 w
10 R f
( conversion for a little\255endian)4 1241(perform the same)2 730 2 2565 1848 t
10 CW f
(ushort)4576 1848 w
10 R f
(and)4976 1848 w
10 CW f
(long)5160 1848 w
10 R f
(respectively.)1080 1968 w
(Unless otherwise specified, all functions return 1 on success, or 0 on error.)12 2980 1 1080 2136 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2304 t
10 I f
(symbol)1080 2424 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1371 2424 w
10 I f
(object)1537 2424 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1789 2424 w
10 I f
(proc)1955 2424 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)2146 2424 w
10 I f
(a.out)2312 2424 w
10 R f
(\(6\))2523 2424 w
( 246)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( MALLOC)1 3978(MALLOC \( 2 \))3 562 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(malloc, free, realloc, calloc, mstats)4 1391 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2496 1080 w
10 R f
(memory allocator)1 707 1 2586 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(void* malloc\(long size\))2 1380 1 1080 1368 t
( *ptr\))1 360(void free\(void)1 900 2 1080 1536 t
(void* realloc\(void *ptr, long size\))4 2100 1 1080 1704 t
(void* calloc\(long nelem, long elsize\))4 2220 1 1080 1872 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2040 t
10 I f
(Malloc)1080 2160 w
10 R f
(and)1388 2160 w
10 I f
(free)1558 2160 w
10 R f
(provide a simple memory allocation package.)5 1824 1 1739 2160 t
10 I f
(Malloc)3614 2160 w
10 R f
(returns a pointer to a new block of at)8 1477 1 3923 2160 t
(least)1080 2280 w
10 I f
(size)1300 2280 w
10 R f
( two active pointers)3 818( No)1 183( type of object.)3 632( block is suitably aligned for storage of any)8 1827(bytes. The)1 453 5 1487 2280 t
(from)1080 2400 w
10 I f
(malloc)1299 2400 w
10 R f
(will have the same value.)4 1012 1 1596 2400 t
(The argument to)2 662 1 1080 2568 t
10 I f
(free)1768 2568 w
10 R f
( by)1 127(is a pointer to a block previously allocated)7 1702 2 1949 2568 t
10 I f
(malloc)3805 2568 w
10 R f
(; this space is made available for)6 1315 1 4085 2568 t
( is legal to free a null pointer; the effect is a no\255op.)12 2021( It)1 111(further allocation.)1 715 3 1080 2688 t
10 I f
(Realloc)1080 2856 w
10 R f
(changes the size of the block pointed to by)8 1759 1 1417 2856 t
10 I f
(ptr)3208 2856 w
10 R f
(to)3357 2856 w
10 I f
(size)3467 2856 w
10 R f
( \(possibly)1 400(bytes and returns a pointer to the)6 1351 2 3649 2856 t
( call)1 191( The)1 227( old sizes.)2 441( contents will be unchanged up to the lesser of the new and)12 2633( The)1 228(moved\) block.)1 600 6 1080 2976 t
10 CW f
(realloc\(0, size\))1 960 1 1080 3096 t
10 R f
(means the same as)3 740 1 2065 3096 t
10 CW f
(malloc\(size\))2830 3096 w
10 R f
(.)3550 3096 w
10 I f
(Calloc)1080 3264 w
10 R f
(allocates space for an array of)5 1217 1 1376 3264 t
10 I f
(nelem)2623 3264 w
10 R f
(elements of size)2 653 1 2891 3264 t
10 I f
(elsize.)3574 3264 w
10 R f
(The space is initialized to zeros.)5 1306 1 3851 3264 t
10 I f
(Free)5212 3264 w
10 R f
(frees such a block.)3 742 1 1080 3384 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3552 t
10 I f
(brk)1080 3672 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1221 3672 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 3840 t
10 I f
(Malloc, realloc)1 616 1 1080 3960 t
10 R f
(and)1721 3960 w
10 I f
(calloc)1890 3960 w
10 R f
(return 0 if there is no available memory.)7 1608 1 2159 3960 t
10 I f
(Errstr)3817 3960 w
10 R f
(is likely to be set.)4 703 1 4087 3960 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4128 t
10 R f
(The different specification of)3 1166 1 1080 4248 t
10 I f
(calloc)2271 4248 w
10 R f
(is bizarre.)1 393 1 2540 4248 t
( \(1\) freeing an already freed block,)6 1416( most common gaffes are)4 1025( The)1 209(User errors can corrupt the storage arena.)6 1670 4 1080 4416 t
( allocated block, and \(3\) freeing data that was not obtained from the)12 2828(\(2\) storing beyond the bounds of an)6 1492 2 1080 4536 t
(allocator. When)1 662 1 1080 4656 t
10 I f
(malloc)1767 4656 w
10 R f
(and)2064 4656 w
10 I f
(free)2233 4656 w
10 R f
(detect such corruption, they abort.)4 1364 1 2413 4656 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 247)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( MEMORY)1 3950(MEMORY \( 2 \))3 590 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset)5 2414 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3519 1080 w
10 R f
(memory operations)1 774 1 3609 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(void* memccpy\(void *s1, void *s2, int c, long n\))8 2880 1 1080 1368 t
(void* memchr\(void *s, int c, long n\))6 2160 1 1080 1536 t
( *s1, void *s2, long n\))5 1380(int memcmp\(void)1 1020 2 1080 1704 t
(void* memcpy\(void *s1, void *s2, long n\))6 2400 1 1080 1872 t
(void* memmove\(void *s1, void *s2, long n\))6 2460 1 1080 2040 t
(void* memset\(void *s, int c, long n\))6 2160 1 1080 2208 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2376 t
10 R f
( \(arrays of bytes bounded by a count, not terminated by)10 2220(These functions operate efficiently on memory areas)6 2100 2 1080 2496 t
( do not check for the overflow of any receiving memory area.)11 2454( They)1 255(a zero byte\).)2 495 3 1080 2616 t
10 I f
(Memccpy)1080 2784 w
10 R f
(copies bytes from memory area)4 1278 1 1491 2784 t
10 I f
(s2)2799 2784 w
10 R f
(into)2918 2784 w
10 I f
(s1)3104 2784 w
10 R f
( the first occurrence of byte)5 1129(, stopping after)2 612 2 3201 2784 t
10 I f
(c)4973 2784 w
10 R f
(has been)1 352 1 5048 2784 t
(copied, or after)2 622 1 1080 2904 t
10 I f
(n)1735 2904 w
10 R f
( returns a pointer to the byte after the)8 1536( It)1 118( copied, whichever comes first.)4 1275(bytes have been)2 653 4 1818 2904 t
(copy of)1 302 1 1080 3024 t
10 I f
(c)1407 3024 w
10 R f
(in)1476 3024 w
10 I f
(s1)1579 3024 w
10 R f
(, or zero if)3 415 1 1676 3024 t
10 I f
(c)2116 3024 w
10 R f
(was not found in the first)5 1002 1 2185 3024 t
10 I f
(n)3212 3024 w
10 R f
(bytes of)1 319 1 3287 3024 t
10 I f
(s2)3631 3024 w
10 R f
(.)3728 3024 w
10 I f
(Memchr)1080 3192 w
10 R f
( first occurrence of byte)4 968(returns a pointer to the)4 916 2 1440 3192 t
10 I f
(c)3353 3192 w
10 R f
(in the first)2 419 1 3426 3192 t
10 I f
(n)3874 3192 w
10 R f
(bytes of memory area)3 879 1 3953 3192 t
10 I f
(s,)4861 3192 w
10 R f
(or zero if)2 373 1 4954 3192 t
10 I f
(c)5356 3192 w
10 R f
(does not occur.)2 607 1 1080 3312 t
10 I f
(Memcmp)1080 3480 w
10 R f
(compares its arguments, looking at the first)6 1729 1 1470 3480 t
10 I f
(n)3224 3480 w
10 R f
( less than, equal to,)4 770(bytes only, and returns an integer)5 1331 2 3299 3480 t
(or greater than 0, according as)5 1232 1 1080 3600 t
10 I f
(s1)2342 3600 w
10 R f
( less than, equal to, or greater than)7 1400(is lexicographically)1 790 2 2461 3600 t
10 I f
(s2)4680 3600 w
10 R f
( compari\255)1 389(. The)1 234 2 4777 3600 t
(son is bytewise unsigned.)3 1022 1 1080 3720 t
10 I f
(Memcpy)1080 3888 w
10 R f
(copies)1442 3888 w
10 I f
(n)1722 3888 w
10 R f
(bytes from memory area)3 978 1 1797 3888 t
10 I f
(s2)2800 3888 w
10 R f
(to)2914 3888 w
10 I f
(s1.)3017 3888 w
10 R f
(It returns)1 363 1 3156 3888 t
10 I f
(s1.)3544 3888 w
(Memmove)1080 4056 w
10 R f
(works like)1 419 1 1514 4056 t
10 I f
(memcpy)1958 4056 w
10 R f
(, except that it is guaranteed to work if)8 1539 1 2292 4056 t
10 I f
(s1)3856 4056 w
10 R f
(and)3970 4056 w
10 I f
(s2)4139 4056 w
10 R f
(overlap.)4253 4056 w
10 I f
(Memset)1080 4224 w
10 R f
(sets the first)2 483 1 1415 4224 t
10 I f
(n)1923 4224 w
10 R f
(bytes in memory area)3 862 1 1998 4224 t
10 I f
(s)2885 4224 w
10 R f
(to the value of byte)4 771 1 2949 4224 t
10 I f
(c)3745 4224 w
10 R f
( returns)1 302(. It)1 136 2 3797 4224 t
10 I f
(s)4260 4224 w
10 R f
(.)4307 4224 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4392 t
10 I f
(strcat)1080 4512 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1316 4512 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4680 t
10 R f
(ANSI C does not require)4 1021 1 1080 4800 t
10 I f
(memcpy)2133 4800 w
10 R f
( so)1 122(to handle overlapping source and data; on Plan 9, it does,)10 2356 2 2491 4800 t
10 I f
(memmove)5002 4800 w
10 R f
(and)1080 4920 w
10 I f
(memcpy)1249 4920 w
10 R f
(behave identically.)1 754 1 1600 4920 t
(If)1080 5088 w
10 I f
(memcpy)1171 5088 w
10 R f
(and)1522 5088 w
10 I f
(memmove)1691 5088 w
10 R f
(are handed a negative count, they abort.)6 1590 1 2114 5088 t
( 248)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( MKTEMP)1 3972(MKTEMP \( 2 \))3 568 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(mktemp)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1433 1080 w
10 R f
(make a unique file name)4 981 1 1523 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(char* mktemp\(char *template\))2 1680 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Mktemp)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(replaces)1438 1656 w
10 I f
(template)1801 1656 w
10 R f
( template)1 382( The)1 218( the address of the template.)5 1185(by a unique file name, and returns)6 1433 4 2182 1656 t
(should look like a file name with eleven trailing)8 1931 1 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(X)3038 1776 w
10 R f
(s. The)1 271 1 3098 1776 t
10 CW f
(X)3396 1776 w
10 R f
( followed by the current)4 963(s are replaced by a letter)5 981 2 3456 1776 t
( from)1 224( Letters)1 332(process id.)1 431 3 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(a)2097 1896 w
10 R f
(to)2187 1896 w
10 CW f
(z)2295 1896 w
10 R f
(are tried until a name that can be accessed \(see)9 1908 1 2385 1896 t
10 I f
(access)4323 1896 w
10 R f
( If)1 121(\(2\)\) is generated.)2 688 2 4591 1896 t
(no such name can be generated,)5 1268 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(mktemp)2373 2016 w
10 R f
(returns)2708 2016 w
10 CW f
("/".)3010 2016 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2184 t
10 I f
(getpid)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1338 2304 w
10 I f
(access)1504 2304 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1772 2304 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 249)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( NAN)1 4184(NAN \( 2 \))3 356 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(NaN, Inf, isNaN, isInf)3 892 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1997 1080 w
10 R f
(not\255a\255number and infinity functions)3 1429 1 2087 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(double NaN\(void\))1 960 1 1080 1368 t
(long Inf\(int\))1 900 1 1080 1536 t
(int isNaN\(double\))1 1200 1 1080 1704 t
( int\))1 300(int isInf\(double,)1 1200 2 1080 1872 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2040 t
10 R f
( point standard defines values called `not\255a\255number' and positive and negative `infinity'.)11 3582(The IEEE floating)2 738 2 1080 2160 t
( library functions)2 694( the)1 151( Also,)1 268(These values can be produced by such things as overflow and division by zero.)13 3207 4 1080 2280 t
(sometimes return them when the arguments are not in the domain, or the result is out of range.)17 3770 1 1080 2400 t
10 I f
(NaN)1080 2568 w
10 R f
(returns a double that is not\255a\255number.)5 1503 1 1289 2568 t
10 I f
(IsNaN)2842 2568 w
10 R f
(returns true if its argument is not\255a\255number.)6 1750 1 3123 2568 t
10 I f
(Inf)1080 2736 w
10 R f
(\()1199 2736 w
10 I f
(i)1240 2736 w
10 R f
( infinity if)2 410(\) returns positive)2 679 2 1276 2736 t
10 I f
(i)2392 2736 w
10 R f
(is greater than or equal to zero, else negative infinity.)9 2144 1 2447 2736 t
10 I f
(IsInf)4643 2736 w
10 R f
(returns true if)2 547 1 4853 2736 t
(its first argument is infinity with the same sign as the second argument.)12 2851 1 1080 2856 t
( 250)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2X \))3 212( NDB)1 4045(NDB \( 2X \))3 423 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( ndbhash, ndbseek,)2 782(ndbopen, ndbclose, ndbreopen, ndbsearch, ndbsnext, ndbgetval, ndbfree, ipattr, ipinfo,)8 3538 2 1080 1080 t
(ndbparse)1080 1200 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1465 1200 w
10 R f
(network database)1 695 1 1555 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(#include <bio.h>)1 960 1 1080 1488 t
(#include <ndb.h>)1 960 1 1080 1608 t
( *file\);)1 480(Ndb* ndbopen\(char)1 1380 2 1080 1776 t
( *db\);)1 360(int ndbreopen\(Ndb)1 1440 2 1080 1944 t
( *db\);)1 360(void ndbclose\(Ndb)1 1380 2 1080 2112 t
( *db, Ndbs *s, char *attr, char *val\);)7 2280(Ndbtuple* ndbsearch\(Ndb)1 1440 2 1080 2280 t
( *s, char *attr, char *val\);)5 1680(Ndbtuple* ndbsnext\(Ndbs)1 1440 2 1080 2448 t
( *db, Ndbs *s, char *attr, char *val,)7 2220(Ndbtuple* ndbgetval\(Ndb)1 1440 2 1080 2616 t
(char *rattr, char *buf\);)3 1440 1 1740 2736 t
( *db\);)1 360(void ndbfree\(Ndbtuple)1 1620 2 1080 2904 t
( *name\);)1 480(char* ipattr\(char)1 1320 2 1080 3072 t
( *db, char *ether, char *ip, char *name,)7 2400(int ipinfo\(Ndb)1 1260 2 1080 3240 t
(Ipinfo *iip\);)1 780 1 1740 3360 t
( *val, int hlen\);)3 1020(ulong ndbhash\(char)1 1380 2 1080 3528 t
( *db, long off, int whence\);)5 1680(long ndbseek\(Ndb)1 1320 2 1080 3696 t
( *db\);)1 360(Ndbtuple* ndbparse\(Ndb)1 1380 2 1080 3864 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 4032 t
10 R f
( operate)1 323( They)1 260(These routines are used by network administrative programs to search the network database.)12 3737 3 1080 4152 t
(on the database files described in)5 1322 1 1080 4272 t
10 I f
(ndb)2427 4272 w
10 R f
(\(6\).)2585 4272 w
10 I f
(Ndbopen)1080 4440 w
10 R f
(opens the database)2 764 1 1474 4440 t
10 I f
(file)2271 4440 w
10 R f
(and calls)1 360 1 2432 4440 t
10 I f
(malloc)2825 4440 w
10 R f
( If)1 124(\(2\) to allocate a buffer for it.)6 1186 2 3105 4440 t
10 I f
(file)4448 4440 w
10 R f
( all network)2 495(is zero,)1 296 2 4609 4440 t
(database files are opened.)3 1024 1 1080 4560 t
10 I f
(Ndbreopen)1080 4728 w
10 R f
(checks if the database files associated with)6 1761 1 1558 4728 t
10 I f
(db)3353 4728 w
10 R f
( and if so throws out any cached)7 1359(have changed)1 554 2 3487 4728 t
(information and reopens the files.)4 1345 1 1080 4848 t
10 I f
(Ndbclose)1080 5016 w
10 R f
(closes any database files associated with)5 1616 1 1477 5016 t
10 I f
(db)3118 5016 w
10 R f
(and frees all storage associated with them.)6 1688 1 3243 5016 t
10 I f
(Ndbsearch)1080 5184 w
10 R f
(and)1564 5184 w
10 I f
(ndbsnext)1759 5184 w
10 R f
(search a database for an entry containing the attribute/value pair,)9 2816 1 2165 5184 t
10 I f
(attr=val)5032 5184 w
10 R f
(.)5375 5184 w
10 I f
(Ndbsearch)1080 5304 w
10 R f
(is used to find the first match and)7 1342 1 1539 5304 t
10 I f
(ndbsnext)2907 5304 w
10 R f
( a success\255)2 426( On)1 172( each successive match.)3 947(is used to find)3 567 4 3288 5304 t
( return a linked list of)5 1008(ful search both)2 649 2 1080 5424 t
10 I f
(Ndbtuple)2791 5424 w
10 R f
(structures acquired by)2 939 1 3212 5424 t
10 I f
(malloc)4205 5424 w
10 R f
(\(2\) that represent the)3 915 1 4485 5424 t
( failure they return zero.)4 966( On)1 172(attribute/value pairs in the entry.)4 1301 3 1080 5544 t
10 CW f
(typedef struct Ndbtuple Ndbtuple;)3 1980 1 1440 5712 t
(struct Ndbtuple {)2 1020 1 1440 5832 t
(char attr[Ndbalen];)1 1440 1 1920 5952 t
(char val[Ndbvlen];)1 1380 1 1920 6072 t
(Ndbtuple *entry;)1 1020 1 1920 6192 t
(Ndbtuple *line;)1 960 1 1920 6312 t
(};)1440 6432 w
10 R f
(The)1080 6600 w
10 I f
(entry)1272 6600 w
10 R f
( The)1 218( in a null terminated list.)5 1043(pointers chain together all pairs in the entry)7 1823 3 1514 6600 t
10 I f
(line)4636 6600 w
10 R f
(pointers chain)1 576 1 4824 6600 t
( a program can implement 2 levels of binding for)9 1988( Thus,)1 278( on the same line in a circular list.)8 1375(together all pairs)2 679 4 1080 6720 t
( general, pairs on the same line are bound tighter than pairs on different lines.)14 3094( In)1 133(pairs in an entry.)3 671 3 1080 6840 t
(The structure)1 529 1 1080 7008 t
10 I f
(Ndbs)1634 7008 w
10 R f
(is used to link successive searches.)5 1392 1 1865 7008 t
10 CW f
(typedef struct Ndbs Ndbs;)3 1500 1 1440 7176 t
(struct Ndbs {)2 780 1 1440 7296 t
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 251)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2X \))3 212( NDB)1 4045(NDB \( 2X \))3 423 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
( data base file being searched */)6 1980( /*)1 300(Ndb *db;)1 780 3 1920 960 t
(...)1920 1080 w
( last attribute value pair found */)6 2100( /*)1 360(Ndbtuple *t;)1 720 3 1920 1200 t
(};)1440 1320 w
10 R f
(The)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(t)1260 1488 w
10 R f
(field points to the pair within the entry matched by the)10 2176 1 1313 1488 t
10 I f
(ndbsearch)3514 1488 w
10 R f
(or)3955 1488 w
10 I f
(ndbsnext)4063 1488 w
10 R f
(.)4426 1488 w
10 I f
(Ndbgetval)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( an entry containing not only an attribute/value pair,)8 2086(searches the database for)3 993 2 1516 1656 t
10 I f
(attr=val)4621 1656 w
10 R f
(, but also a)3 436 1 4964 1656 t
(pair with the attribute)3 875 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(rattr)1984 1776 w
10 R f
( successful, it copies the value associated with)7 1875(. If)1 145 2 2176 1776 t
10 I f
(rattr)4225 1776 w
10 R f
(into)4438 1776 w
10 I f
(buf. Buf)1 320 1 4623 1776 t
10 R f
(must point)1 429 1 4971 1776 t
(to an area at least)4 692 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(Ndbvlen)1797 1896 w
10 R f
(long.)2155 1896 w
10 I f
(Ndbfree)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(frees a list of tuples returned by one of the other routines.)11 2290 1 1427 2064 t
10 I f
(Ipattr)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(takes the name of an IP system and returns the attribute it corresponds to:)13 2932 1 1333 2232 t
10 CW f
(dom)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(domain name)1 541 1 1440 2400 t
10 CW f
(ip)1080 2568 w
10 R f
(Internet number)1 640 1 1440 2568 t
10 CW f
(sys)1080 2736 w
10 R f
(system name)1 519 1 1440 2736 t
10 I f
(Ipinfo)1080 2904 w
10 R f
( a system and returns it in the structure)8 1588(searches the database for Internet Protocol information about)7 2464 2 1348 2904 t
(addressed by)1 520 1 1080 3024 t
10 I f
(iip.)1627 3024 w
10 R f
(The arguments)1 598 1 1810 3024 t
10 I f
(ether)2435 3024 w
10 R f
(\(textual Ethernet address\),)2 1052 1 2666 3024 t
10 I f
(ip)3744 3024 w
10 R f
(\(textual IP address\), and)3 973 1 3848 3024 t
10 I f
(name)4847 3024 w
10 R f
(identify)5089 3024 w
( least one must be non\255zero.)5 1125( At)1 151(the system.)1 451 3 1080 3144 t
10 I f
(Ipinfo)2858 3144 w
10 R f
(returns 0 if successful,)3 901 1 3123 3144 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4050 3144 w
10 R f
( Both)1 246(1 otherwise.)1 489 2 4115 3144 t
10 I f
(bootp)4877 3144 w
10 R f
(\(8\) and)1 287 1 5113 3144 t
10 I f
(ipconfig)1080 3264 w
10 R f
(\(8\) use)1 274 1 1416 3264 t
10 I f
(ipinfo)1715 3264 w
10 R f
(to search the database.)3 897 1 1974 3264 t
( are used by programs that create the hash tables and database files.)12 2738(The last three calls)3 760 2 1080 3432 t
10 I f
(Ndbhash)4632 3432 w
10 R f
(computes)5017 3432 w
( table of length)3 641(a hash offset into a)4 810 2 1080 3552 t
10 I f
(hlen)2569 3552 w
10 R f
(for the string)2 542 1 2779 3552 t
10 I f
(val)3359 3552 w
10 R f
(.)3489 3552 w
10 I f
(Ndbseek)3577 3552 w
10 R f
(causes a subsequent read, write, or)5 1447 1 3953 3552 t
10 I f
(ndbparse)1080 3672 w
10 R f
( arguments)1 446( These)1 293(of the database file to start at the position specified by the last two arguments.)14 3180 3 1481 3672 t
(have the same meaning as the last two arguments of)9 2122 1 1080 3792 t
10 I f
(seek)3232 3792 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)3411 3792 w
10 I f
(Ndbseek)3606 3792 w
10 R f
(returns a negative number on error.)5 1427 1 3973 3792 t
10 I f
(Ndbparse)1080 3912 w
10 R f
( Multiple)1 401( entry from the database file.)5 1177(reads and parses the next)4 1017 3 1499 3912 t
10 I f
(ndbparse)4125 3912 w
10 R f
('s without intervening)2 895 1 4505 3912 t
10 I f
(ndbseek)1080 4032 w
10 R f
( zero is returned at end of file.)7 1202( A)1 122('s parse sequential entries in the database file.)7 1829 3 1409 4032 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4200 t
10 I f
(ndb)1080 4320 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1238 4320 w
10 I f
(ndb)1379 4320 w
10 R f
(\(8\))1537 4320 w
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( NOTIFY)1 4034(NOTIFY \( 2 \))3 506 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(notify, noted, atnotify)2 872 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1977 1080 w
10 R f
(handle asynchronous process notification)3 1650 1 2067 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(int notify\(void \(*f\)\(void*, char*\)\))3 2100 1 1080 1368 t
(int noted\(int v\))2 960 1 1080 1536 t
(int atnotify\(int \(*f\)\(void*, char*\), int in\))5 2640 1 1080 1704 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 R f
( as dividing by zero or writing on a closed pipe, a)11 2008(When a process raises an exceptional condition such)7 2112 2 1080 1992 t
10 I f
(note)5228 1992 w
10 R f
( note may also be posted by a)7 1179( A)1 122(is posted to communicate the exception.)5 1609 3 1080 2112 t
10 I f
(write)4015 2112 w
10 R f
(\(see)4229 2112 w
10 I f
(read)4414 2112 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) to the process's)3 795 1 4605 2112 t
10 CW f
(/proc/)1080 2232 w
10 I f
(n)1448 2232 w
10 CW f
(/note)1506 2232 w
10 R f
(file or to the)3 545 1 1849 2232 t
10 CW f
(/proc/)2437 2232 w
10 I f
(m)2805 2232 w
10 CW f
(/notepg)2885 2232 w
10 R f
(file of a process in the same process group \(see)9 2052 1 3348 2232 t
10 I f
(proc)1080 2352 w
10 R f
( the)1 154( If)1 123( the process depends on the origin of the note.)9 1899( the note is received the behavior of)7 1483(\(3\)\). When)1 470 5 1271 2352 t
( by an external process, the process receiving the note exits; if generated by the system the)16 3676(note was posted)2 644 2 1080 2472 t
( the name and id of the process and the string)10 1878(note string, preceded by)3 983 2 1080 2592 t
10 CW f
("suicide: ")1 667 1 4008 2592 t
10 R f
(, is printed on the)4 725 1 4675 2592 t
(process's standard error file and the process is suspended in the)10 2533 1 1080 2712 t
10 CW f
(Broken)3638 2712 w
10 R f
(state for debugging.)2 796 1 4023 2712 t
( The)1 213( may be overridden.)3 822(These default actions)2 862 3 1080 2880 t
10 I f
(notify)3010 2880 w
10 R f
(function registers a)2 781 1 3271 2880 t
10 I f
(notification handler)1 806 1 4085 2880 t
10 R f
(to be called)2 476 1 4924 2880 t
( argument to)2 523( The)1 214(within the process when a note is received.)7 1776 3 1080 3000 t
10 I f
(notify)3627 3000 w
10 R f
(replaces the previous handler, if any.)5 1511 1 3889 3000 t
( A)1 128( action.)1 300(An argument of zero cancels a previous handler, restoring the default)10 2812 3 1080 3120 t
10 I f
(fork)4351 3120 w
10 R f
(\(2\) system call leaves)3 880 1 4520 3120 t
(the handler registered in both the parent and the child;)9 2160 1 1080 3240 t
10 I f
(exec)3265 3240 w
10 R f
(\(2\) restores the default behavior.)4 1299 1 3449 3240 t
( handler is called with two arguments: the first is a pointer to a)13 2604(After a note is posted, the)5 1061 2 1080 3408 t
10 CW f
(Ureg)4778 3408 w
10 R f
(structure)5051 3408 w
(\(defined in)1 457 1 1080 3528 t
10 CW f
(/$objtype/include/ureg.h)1584 3528 w
10 R f
( a)1 90(\) giving the current values of registers; the second is)9 2286 2 3024 3528 t
( than)1 202(pointer to the note itself, a null\255terminated string with no more)10 2541 2 1080 3648 t
10 CW f
(ERRLEN)3853 3648 w
10 R f
(characters in it including the)4 1157 1 4243 3648 t
( The)1 207(terminal NUL.)1 590 2 1080 3768 t
10 CW f
(Ureg)1904 3768 w
10 R f
(argument is usually not needed; it is provided to help recover from traps such as)14 3229 1 2171 3768 t
( use and layout are machine\255 and system\255specific.)7 1984( Its)1 150(floating point exceptions.)2 1019 3 1080 3888 t
(A notification handler must finish by calling)6 1849 1 1080 4056 t
10 I f
(noted)2966 4056 w
10 R f
( is undefined and)3 724(; if the handler returns the behavior)6 1480 2 3196 4056 t
( argument to)2 517( The)1 211(probably erroneous.)1 804 3 1080 4176 t
10 I f
(noted)2643 4176 w
10 R f
( action to take:)3 606(defines the)1 441 2 2896 4176 t
10 CW f
(NDFLT)3973 4176 w
10 R f
(instructs the system to per\255)4 1097 1 4303 4176 t
( the handler had never been registered;)6 1587(form the default action as if)5 1136 2 1080 4296 t
10 CW f
(NCONT)3835 4296 w
10 R f
(instructs the system to resume)4 1233 1 4167 4296 t
( neither case does)3 724( In)1 140(the process at the point it was notified.)7 1592 3 1080 4416 t
10 I f
(noted)3567 4416 w
10 R f
( the note inter\255)3 603( If)1 122(return to the handler.)3 855 3 3820 4416 t
( call returns an error \(with error string)7 1529(rupted an incomplete system call, that)5 1520 2 1080 4536 t
10 CW f
(interrupted)4156 4536 w
10 R f
(\) after the pro\255)3 584 1 4816 4536 t
( notification handler can also jump out to an environment set up with)12 2915( A)1 135(cess resumes.)1 556 3 1080 4656 t
10 I f
(setjmp)4724 4656 w
10 R f
(using the)1 377 1 5023 4656 t
10 I f
(notejmp)1080 4776 w
10 R f
(function \(see)1 518 1 1427 4776 t
10 I f
(setjmp)1970 4776 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\).)2239 4776 w
( of the note or the presence of a handler, if the process is being debugged \(see)16 3324(Regardless of the origin)3 996 2 1080 4944 t
10 I f
(proc)1080 5064 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\) the arrival of a note puts the process in the)10 1868 1 1271 5064 t
10 CW f
(Stopped)3164 5064 w
10 R f
(state and awakens the debugger.)4 1288 1 3609 5064 t
( the system calls)3 670(Rather than using)2 711 2 1080 5232 t
10 I f
(notify)2490 5232 w
10 R f
(and)2747 5232 w
10 I f
(noted)2920 5232 w
10 R f
(, most programs should use)4 1113 1 3150 5232 t
10 I f
(atnotify)4292 5232 w
10 R f
(to register notifica\255)2 773 1 4627 5232 t
( parameter)1 434( The)1 216(tion handlers.)1 555 3 1080 5352 t
10 I f
(in)2321 5352 w
10 R f
(is non\255zero to register the function)5 1433 1 2435 5352 t
10 I f
(f)3904 5352 w
10 R f
( A)1 132( zero to cancel registration.)4 1123(, and)1 205 3 3940 5352 t
( resolved\); otherwise it must return)5 1431(handler must return a non\255zero number if the note was recognized \(and)11 2889 2 1080 5472 t
( the system posts a note to the process, each handler registered with)12 2710(zero. When)1 485 2 1080 5592 t
10 I f
(atnotify)4301 5592 w
10 R f
(is called with argu\255)3 768 1 4632 5592 t
( Then)1 264( of the handlers returns non\255zero.)5 1369(ments as described above until one)5 1435 3 1080 5712 t
10 I f
(noted)4182 5712 w
10 R f
(is called with argument)3 962 1 4438 5712 t
10 CW f
(NCONT.)1080 5832 w
10 R f
(If no registered function returns non\255zero,)5 1673 1 1465 5832 t
10 I f
(atnotify)3163 5832 w
10 R f
(calls)3494 5832 w
10 I f
(noted)3702 5832 w
10 R f
(with argument)1 580 1 3949 5832 t
10 CW f
(NDFLT)4554 5832 w
10 R f
(.)4854 5832 w
(The set of notes a process may receive is system\255dependent, but there is a common set that includes:)17 4010 1 1080 6000 t
10 I f
(Note Meaning)1 1975 1 1230 6168 t
10 CW f
(interrupt)1230 6288 w
10 R f
(user interrupt \(DEL key\))3 989 1 2850 6288 t
10 CW f
(hangup)1230 6408 w
10 R f
(I/O connection closed)2 876 1 2850 6408 t
10 CW f
(alarm)1230 6528 w
10 R f
(alarm expired)1 551 1 2850 6528 t
10 CW f
(sys: breakpoint)1 900 1 1230 6648 t
10 R f
(breakpoint instruction)1 880 1 2850 6648 t
10 CW f
(sys: bad address)2 960 1 1230 6768 t
10 R f
(system call address argument out of range)6 1680 1 2850 6768 t
10 CW f
(sys: odd address)2 960 1 1230 6888 t
10 R f
(system call address argument unaligned)4 1592 1 2850 6888 t
10 CW f
(sys: bad sys call)3 1020 1 1230 7008 t
10 R f
(system call number out of range)5 1284 1 2850 7008 t
10 CW f
(sys: odd stack)2 840 1 1230 7128 t
10 R f
(system call user stack unaligned)4 1287 1 2850 7128 t
10 CW f
(sys: write on closed pipe)4 1500 1 1230 7248 t
10 R f
(write on closed pipe)3 807 1 2850 7248 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 253)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( NOTIFY)1 4034(NOTIFY \( 2 \))3 506 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(sys: fp:)1 480 1 1230 960 t
10 I f
(fptrap)1770 960 w
10 R f
(floating point exception)2 955 1 2850 960 t
10 CW f
(sys: trap:)1 600 1 1230 1080 t
10 I f
(trap)1890 1080 w
10 R f
(other exception \(see below\))3 1105 1 2850 1080 t
(The notes prefixed)2 768 1 1080 1248 t
10 CW f
(sys:)1883 1248 w
10 R f
( are suffixed by the user program)6 1390( They)1 266( system.)1 339(are generated by the operating)4 1247 4 2158 1248 t
(counter in format)2 711 1 1080 1368 t
10 CW f
(pc=0x1234)1825 1368 w
10 R f
( due to a floating point exception, just before the)9 2014( the note is)3 463(. If)1 150 3 2365 1368 t
10 CW f
(pc)5025 1368 w
10 R f
(is the)1 222 1 5178 1368 t
(address of the offending instruction in format)6 1820 1 1080 1488 t
10 CW f
(fppc=0x1234)2926 1488 w
10 R f
( are limited to)3 564(. Notes)1 310 2 3586 1488 t
10 CW f
(ERRLEN)4487 1488 w
10 R f
(bytes; if they)2 526 1 4874 1488 t
(would be longer they are truncated but the)7 1688 1 1080 1608 t
10 CW f
(pc)2793 1608 w
10 R f
(is always reported correctly.)3 1130 1 2938 1608 t
(The types and syntax of the)5 1101 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(trap)2206 1776 w
10 R f
(and)2398 1776 w
10 I f
(fptrap)2567 1776 w
10 R f
(portions of the notes are machine\255dependent.)5 1796 1 2837 1776 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1944 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1283 2064 w
10 I f
(notejmp)1449 2064 w
10 R f
(in)1796 2064 w
10 I f
(setjmp)1899 2064 w
10 R f
(\(2\))2168 2064 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2232 t
10 R f
(Since)1080 2352 w
10 I f
(exec)1327 2352 w
10 R f
(\(2\) discards the notification handler, there is a window of vulnerability to notes in a new process.)16 3877 1 1511 2352 t
( 254)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2X \))3 212( OBJECT)1 3889(OBJECT \( 2X \))3 579 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(objtype, readobj, objsym, objbase, objreset, isar, nextar, readar)7 2506 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3611 1080 w
10 R f
(object file interpretation functions)3 1362 1 3701 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <bio.h>)1 960 1 1080 1368 t
(#include <mach.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1488 t
( *bp\))1 300(int objtype\(Biobuf)1 1140 2 1080 1656 t
( *bp, int objtype\))3 1080(int readobj\(Biobuf)1 1140 2 1080 1824 t
( index\))1 420(Sym *objsym\(int)1 960 2 1080 1992 t
( *nsyms\))1 480(Sym *objbase\(long)1 1080 2 1080 2160 t
(void objreset\(\))1 960 1 1080 2328 t
(int isar\(Biobuf *bp\))2 1200 1 1080 2496 t
(int nextar\(Biobuf *bp, int offset, char *buf\))6 2700 1 1080 2664 t
(int readar\(Biobuf *bp, int objtype, int end\))6 2640 1 1080 2832 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 3000 t
10 R f
( files stored in a directory or contained in an)9 1802(These functions provide machine\255independent access to object)6 2518 2 1080 3120 t
( contained in library)3 822( are)1 152(archive. They)1 579 3 1080 3240 t
10 I f
(libmach.a)2663 3240 w
10 R f
(; the library is automatically searched by the loader when)9 2332 1 3068 3240 t
(header file)1 423 1 1080 3360 t
10 I f
(mach.h)1528 3360 w
10 R f
( file.)1 184(is included in a source)4 893 2 1844 3360 t
10 I f
(Mach)2972 3360 w
10 R f
(\(2\) and)1 286 1 3207 3360 t
10 I f
(symbol)3519 3360 w
10 R f
(\(2\) describe additional library functions)4 1590 1 3810 3360 t
(for interpreting executable files and executing images.)6 2170 1 1080 3480 t
( to symbols must be extracted from the)7 1669(Object files contain no formal symbol table; instead, references)8 2651 2 1080 3648 t
( is added to a dummy sym\255)6 1119( resulting symbol information)3 1213( The)1 212(encoded object representation and resolved.)4 1776 4 1080 3768 t
( symbol table is)3 670( organization of the internal)4 1157( The)1 217(bol table where it may be processed by an application.)9 2276 4 1080 3888 t
( in)1 103(identical to that produced by the loader and described)8 2148 2 1080 4008 t
10 I f
(symbol)3356 4008 w
10 R f
(\(2\))3647 4008 w
10 I f
(and a.out)1 378 1 3771 4008 t
10 R f
(\(6\); a vector of)3 595 1 4157 4008 t
10 CW f
(Sym)4777 4008 w
10 R f
(data struc\255)1 418 1 4982 4008 t
(tures defining the name, type and relative offset of each symbol.)10 2567 1 1080 4128 t
10 I f
(Objtype)1080 4296 w
10 R f
( current position of the file associated with)7 1790(reads the header at the)4 935 2 1432 4296 t
10 I f
(bp)4194 4296 w
10 R f
(\(see)4331 4296 w
10 I f
(Bio)4528 4296 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) and returns a)3 725 1 4675 4296 t
( file may be a)4 575( The)1 213( of the file or \2551 if the type cannot be discerned.)11 1989(code indicating the target architecture)4 1543 4 1080 4416 t
( rewound to its current position)5 1262( position of the file is)5 858( The)1 206(stand\255alone object file or a member of an archive.)8 1994 4 1080 4536 t
(following the decoding of the header.)5 1497 1 1080 4656 t
10 I f
(Readobj)1080 4824 w
10 R f
( associated with)2 642(constructs a symbol table for the object file)7 1735 2 1439 4824 t
10 I f
(bp)3843 4824 w
10 R f
( second argument contains the)4 1217(. The)1 232 2 3951 4824 t
(type code produced by function)4 1268 1 1080 4944 t
10 I f
(objtype)2374 4944 w
10 R f
( Multiple)1 395( file must be positioned at the start of the object file.)11 2098(. The)1 231 3 2676 4944 t
(invocations of)1 585 1 1080 5064 t
10 I f
(readobj)1706 5064 w
10 R f
( symbol definitions for each object file to the existing symbol table.)11 2891(append the)1 451 2 2058 5064 t
10 I f
(Objreset)1080 5184 w
10 R f
(can be used to clear a symbol table.)7 1419 1 1449 5184 t
10 I f
(Objsym)1080 5352 w
10 R f
(returns the address of the)4 1003 1 1410 5352 t
10 I f
(i)2438 5352 w
10 R f
(th)2474 5352 w
10 CW f
(Sym)2577 5352 w
10 R f
(structure in the symbol table or zero if)7 1528 1 2782 5352 t
10 I f
(index)4335 5352 w
10 R f
(is out of range.)3 599 1 4576 5352 t
10 I f
(Objbase)1080 5520 w
10 R f
(returns the address of the first)5 1244 1 1449 5520 t
10 I f
(Sym)2730 5520 w
10 R f
( number of entries in the)5 1039( The)1 217(structure in the symbol table.)4 1211 3 2933 5520 t
(symbol table is returned in)4 1082 1 1080 5640 t
10 I f
(nsyms)2191 5640 w
10 R f
(.)2443 5640 w
10 I f
(Readobj)2522 5640 w
10 R f
(or)2863 5640 w
10 I f
(readar)2954 5640 w
10 R f
( invoked prior to)3 678(must be)1 318 2 3255 5640 t
10 I f
(symbase)4279 5640 w
10 R f
(and)4625 5640 w
10 I f
(symobj)4777 5640 w
10 R f
(to build)1 312 1 5088 5640 t
(the symbol table.)2 686 1 1080 5760 t
10 I f
(Objreset)1080 5928 w
10 R f
(clears the internal symbol table built by)6 1582 1 1449 5928 t
10 I f
(readobj)3056 5928 w
10 R f
(or)3392 5928 w
10 I f
(readar)3500 5928 w
10 R f
(.)3780 5928 w
10 I f
(Isar)1080 6096 w
10 R f
(reads the header at the current point in the file associated with)11 2563 1 1274 6096 t
10 I f
(bp)3870 6096 w
10 R f
(and returns 1 if it is an archive or)8 1397 1 4003 6096 t
( file is left positioned at the end of the archive header and at the beginning of the first)18 3495( The)1 210(zero otherwise.)1 615 3 1080 6216 t
(member of the archive.)3 925 1 1080 6336 t
10 I f
(Nextar)1080 6504 w
10 R f
( describing the archive member stored at)6 1636(extracts information)1 808 2 1378 6504 t
10 I f
(offset)3849 6504 w
10 R f
(in the file associated with)4 1029 1 4093 6504 t
10 I f
(bp)5149 6504 w
10 R f
(. If)1 143 1 5257 6504 t
( describing the member can be extracted and decoded, the size of the member is returned.)15 3886(the header)1 434 2 1080 6624 t
(Adding this value to)3 826 1 1080 6744 t
10 I f
(offset)1935 6744 w
10 R f
( return)1 268( On)1 177( offset of the beginning of the next member in the archive.)11 2384(yields the)1 390 4 2181 6744 t
( file is positioned at the end of the member header immediately before the first byte of the archive)18 3963(the input)1 357 2 1080 6864 t
(and the name of the member is stored in)8 1619 1 1080 6984 t
10 I f
(buf)2726 6984 w
10 R f
(, a buffer of)3 479 1 2862 6984 t
10 CW f
(NNAME)3369 6984 w
10 R f
( there are no more members,)5 1156(characters. If)1 547 2 3697 6984 t
10 I f
(nextar)1080 7104 w
10 R f
(returns zero; a negative return indicates a missing or malformed header.)10 2868 1 1360 7104 t
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10 R f
( \( 2X \))3 212( OBJECT)1 3889(OBJECT \( 2X \))3 579 3 720 480 t
10 I f
(Readar)1080 960 w
10 R f
( current position in the archive associated)6 1682(constructs the symbol table of the object file stored at the)10 2316 2 1402 960 t
(with)1080 1080 w
10 I f
(bp)1285 1080 w
10 R f
( function operates exactly as)4 1144(. This)1 255 2 1393 1080 t
10 I f
(readobj)2819 1080 w
10 R f
(; the only difference is the extra argument,)7 1710 1 3138 1080 t
10 I f
(end)4875 1080 w
10 R f
(, specify\255)1 373 1 5027 1080 t
( execution the file is positioned)5 1257( Following)1 463( archive.)1 344(ing the offset to the beginning of the next member in the)11 2256 4 1080 1200 t
(at the beginning of the member header of the next member.)10 2370 1 1080 1320 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1488 t
10 I f
(mach)1080 1608 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1304 1608 w
10 I f
(symbol)1470 1608 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1761 1608 w
10 I f
(bio)1927 1608 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2063 1608 w
10 I f
(a.out)2229 1608 w
10 R f
(\(6\))2440 1608 w
( 256)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( OPEN)1 4139(OPEN \( 2 \))3 401 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(open, create, close)2 736 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1841 1080 w
10 R f
(open a file for reading or writing, create file)8 1753 1 1931 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(int open\(char *file, int omode\))4 1860 1 1080 1368 t
(int create\(char *file, int omode, ulong perm\))6 2700 1 1080 1536 t
(int close\(int fd\))2 1020 1 1080 1704 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 I f
(Open)1080 1992 w
10 R f
(opens the)1 386 1 1327 1992 t
10 I f
(file)1744 1992 w
10 R f
(and returns an associated file descriptor.)5 1637 1 1903 1992 t
10 I f
(Omode)3596 1992 w
10 R f
(is one of)2 356 1 3915 1992 t
10 CW f
(OREAD)4302 1992 w
10 R f
(,)4602 1992 w
10 CW f
(OWRITE)4658 1992 w
10 R f
(,)5018 1992 w
10 CW f
(ORDWR)5075 1992 w
10 R f
(,)5375 1992 w
(or)1080 2112 w
10 CW f
(OEXEC)1193 2112 w
10 R f
( addition, there)2 610( In)1 137( to read, write, read and write, or execute, respectively.)9 2229(, asking for permission)3 931 4 1493 2112 t
(are three values that can be ORed with the omode:)9 2069 1 1080 2232 t
10 CW f
(OTRUNC)3180 2232 w
10 R f
( length before)2 568(says to truncate the file to zero)6 1261 2 3571 2232 t
(opening it;)1 432 1 1080 2352 t
10 CW f
(OCEXEC)1538 2352 w
10 R f
(says to close the file when an)6 1170 1 1924 2352 t
10 I f
(exec)3119 2352 w
10 R f
(\(2\) or)1 224 1 3303 2352 t
10 I f
(execl)3552 2352 w
10 R f
(system call is made; and)4 977 1 3781 2352 t
10 CW f
(ORCLOSE)4783 2352 w
10 R f
(says)5228 2352 w
( The)1 221(to remove the file when it is closed \(by everyone who has it open\).)13 2870 2 1080 2472 t
10 I f
(omode)4213 2472 w
10 R f
(values are defined in)3 879 1 4521 2472 t
10 CW f
(<libc.h>)1080 2592 w
10 R f
(.)1560 2592 w
10 I f
(Open)1646 2592 w
10 R f
( does not have permission to open it for the)9 1819(fails if the file does not exist or the user)9 1683 2 1898 2592 t
(requested purpose \(see)2 924 1 1080 2712 t
10 I f
(stat)2037 2712 w
10 R f
( permission on)2 607( user must have write)4 886( The)1 213(\(2\) for a description of permissions\).)5 1504 4 2190 2712 t
(the)1080 2832 w
10 I f
(file)1233 2832 w
10 R f
(if the)1 213 1 1392 2832 t
10 CW f
(OTRUNC)1635 2832 w
10 R f
( the)1 152( For)1 194(bit is set.)2 369 3 2025 2832 t
10 I f
(open)2770 2832 w
10 R f
(system call \(unlike the implicit)4 1259 1 2994 2832 t
10 I f
(open)4283 2832 w
10 R f
(in)4507 2832 w
10 I f
(exec)4615 2832 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\),)4799 2832 w
10 CW f
(OEXEC)5003 2832 w
10 R f
(is)5333 2832 w
(actually identical to)2 788 1 1080 2952 t
10 CW f
(OREAD)1893 2952 w
10 R f
(.)2193 2952 w
10 I f
(Create)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(creates a new)2 548 1 1383 3120 t
10 I f
(file)1962 3120 w
10 R f
(or prepares to rewrite an existing)5 1346 1 2121 3120 t
10 I f
(file)3498 3120 w
10 R f
(, opens it according to)4 909 1 3634 3120 t
10 I f
(omode)4574 3120 w
10 R f
(\(as described)1 529 1 4871 3120 t
(for)1080 3240 w
10 I f
(open)1228 3240 w
10 R f
( file is new, the owner is set to the userid of the)12 1961( the)1 154( If)1 123(\), and returns an associated file descriptor.)6 1732 4 1430 3240 t
( the permissions to)3 768(creating process group; the group to that of the containing directory;)10 2769 2 1080 3360 t
10 I f
(perm)4647 3360 w
10 R f
(ANDed with)1 518 1 4882 3360 t
( per\255)1 185( the file already exists, it is truncated to 0 length, and the)12 2276( If)1 117(the permissions of the containing directory.)5 1742 4 1080 3480 t
( created file is a directory if the)7 1326( The)1 216(missions, owner, and group remain unchanged.)5 1936 3 1080 3600 t
10 CW f
(CHDIR)4594 3600 w
10 R f
(bit is set in)3 470 1 4930 3600 t
10 I f
(omode)1080 3720 w
10 R f
(.)1354 3720 w
10 I f
(Create)1436 3720 w
10 R f
(fails if the path up to the last element of)9 1653 1 1740 3720 t
10 I f
(file)3425 3720 w
10 R f
(cannot be evaluated, if the user doesn't have)7 1815 1 3585 3720 t
( access defined by)3 734(write permission in the final directory, or if the file already exists and does not permit the)16 3586 2 1080 3840 t
10 I f
(omode.)1080 3960 w
10 R f
( is new and the directory in which it is created is a union directory \(see)15 2885(If the file)2 381 2 1401 3960 t
10 I f
(intro)4696 3960 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) then the)2 501 1 4899 3960 t
(constituent directory where the file is created depends on the structure of the union: see)14 3487 1 1080 4080 t
10 I f
(bind)4592 4080 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)4778 4080 w
10 I f
(Close)1080 4248 w
10 R f
( the file descriptor is a valid open descriptor,)8 1791( Provided)1 412( descriptor.)1 450(closes the file associated with a file)6 1414 4 1333 4248 t
10 I f
(close)1080 4368 w
10 R f
( are closed upon termination of a process;)7 1694( Files)1 249(is guaranteed to close it; there will be no error.)9 1908 3 1315 4368 t
10 I f
(close)5195 4368 w
10 R f
(allows the file descriptor to be reused.)6 1522 1 1080 4488 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4656 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 4776 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1283 4776 w
10 I f
(bind)1449 4776 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1635 4776 w
10 I f
(stat)1801 4776 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1954 4776 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 4944 t
10 R f
(These functions set)2 771 1 1080 5064 t
10 I f
(errstr.)1876 5064 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 257)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( PERROR)1 4010(PERROR \( 2 \))3 530 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(perror, syslog)1 549 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1654 1080 w
10 R f
(system error messages)2 898 1 1744 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(void perror\(char *s\))2 1200 1 1080 1368 t
(void syslog\(int cons, char *logname, char *fmt, ...\))7 3120 1 1080 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Perror)1080 1824 w
10 R f
( standard error file describing the last error encountered during)9 2516(produces a short error message on the)6 1507 2 1377 1824 t
( argument string)2 655( the)1 148( First)1 235(a call to the system.)4 795 4 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(s)2938 1944 w
10 R f
( If)1 116(is printed, then a colon, then the message and a new\255line.)10 2282 2 3002 1944 t
10 I f
(s)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(is 0, only the error message and new\255line are printed.)9 2120 1 1144 2064 t
10 I f
(Syslog)1080 2232 w
10 R f
( file named by)3 583(logs messages in the)3 825 2 1368 2232 t
10 I f
(logname)2804 2232 w
10 R f
(in the directory)2 616 1 3176 2232 t
10 CW f
(/sys/log)3820 2232 w
10 R f
(; the file must already exist)5 1100 1 4300 2232 t
(and should be append\255only.)3 1107 1 1080 2352 t
10 I f
(Logname)2238 2352 w
10 R f
( message is a line with up to five fields:)9 1585( The)1 205( slashes.)1 333(must contain no)2 641 4 2636 2352 t
(the current time; the program name \(if)6 1560 1 1080 2472 t
10 I f
(argv0)2670 2472 w
10 R f
(is set; see)2 393 1 2933 2472 t
10 I f
(ARG)3356 2472 w
10 R f
( message specified by)3 891(\(2\)\); the user name; the)4 951 2 3558 2472 t
(the)1080 2592 w
10 I f
(print)1231 2592 w
10 R f
(\(2\) format)1 411 1 1434 2592 t
10 I f
(fmt)1874 2592 w
10 R f
( If)1 119(and any following arguments; and a final newline.)7 2029 2 2030 2592 t
10 I f
(cons)4206 2592 w
10 R f
(is set or the log file can\255)6 983 1 4417 2592 t
(not be opened, the message is also printed on the system console.)11 2776 1 1080 2712 t
10 I f
(Syslog)3921 2712 w
10 R f
( in multi\255)2 405(can be used safely)3 773 2 4222 2712 t
(threaded programs.)1 770 1 1080 2832 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3000 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1283 3120 w
10 I f
(errstr)1449 3120 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1685 3120 w
( 258)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( PIPE)1 4194(PIPE \( 2 \))3 346 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(pipe)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1277 1080 w
10 R f
(create an interprocess channel)3 1198 1 1367 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(int pipe\(int fd[2]\))2 1140 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Pipe)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( file descriptors are returned in)5 1277( Two)1 243(creates a buffered channel for interprocess I/O communication.)7 2583 3 1297 1656 t
10 I f
(fd)1080 1776 w
10 R f
( written to)2 415(. Data)1 265 2 1166 1776 t
10 CW f
(fd[1])1873 1776 w
10 R f
(is available for reading from)4 1144 1 2200 1776 t
10 CW f
(fd[0])3371 1776 w
10 R f
(and data written to)3 752 1 3698 1776 t
10 CW f
(fd[0])4477 1776 w
10 R f
( for)1 142(is available)1 454 2 4804 1776 t
(reading from)1 518 1 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(fd[1])1623 1896 w
10 R f
(.)1923 1896 w
( has been established, cooperating processes created by subsequent)8 2778(After the pipe)2 578 2 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(fork)4474 2064 w
10 R f
(\(2\) calls may pass)3 757 1 4643 2064 t
(data through the pipe with)4 1089 1 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(read)2204 2184 w
10 R f
(and)2422 2184 w
10 I f
(write)2601 2184 w
10 R f
( bytes placed on a pipe by one)7 1269(calls. The)1 422 2 2841 2184 t
10 I f
(write)4566 2184 w
10 R f
(are contiguous)1 594 1 4806 2184 t
( when the read)3 617( boundaries are preserved: each read terminates)6 1953( Write)1 287(even if many processes are writing.)5 1463 4 1080 2304 t
(buffer is full or after reading the last byte of a write, whichever comes first.)14 3009 1 1080 2424 t
(The number of bytes available to a)6 1386 1 1080 2592 t
10 I f
(read)2491 2592 w
10 R f
(\(2\) is reported in the)4 819 1 2682 2592 t
10 CW f
(Length)3527 2592 w
10 R f
(field returned by)2 667 1 3913 2592 t
10 I f
(fstat)4606 2592 w
10 R f
(or)4805 2592 w
10 I f
(dirfstat)4914 2592 w
10 R f
(on a)1 170 1 5230 2592 t
(pipe \(see)1 357 1 1080 2712 t
10 I f
(stat)1462 2712 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\).)1615 2712 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2880 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 3000 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1283 3000 w
10 I f
(read)1449 3000 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1640 3000 w
10 I f
(pipe)1806 3000 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1986 3000 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 3168 t
10 R f
(Sets)1080 3288 w
10 I f
(errstr.)1272 3288 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3456 t
10 R f
(If a read or a write of a pipe is interrupted, some unknown number of bytes may have been transferred.)19 4103 1 1080 3576 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 259)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( POSTNOTE)1 3889(POSTNOTE \( 2 \))3 651 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(postnote)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1444 1080 w
10 R f
(send a note to a process or process group)8 1635 1 1534 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
( pid, char *note\))3 1020(int postnote\(int)1 1080 2 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Postnote)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( If)1 164(sends a note to a process or process group.)8 2083 2 1503 1656 t
10 I f
(pid)3823 1656 w
10 R f
(is positive,)1 482 1 4024 1656 t
10 I f
(note)4579 1656 w
10 R f
(is written to)2 576 1 4824 1656 t
10 CW f
(/proc/)1080 1776 w
10 I f
(pid)1448 1776 w
10 CW f
(/note.)1584 1776 w
10 R f
( to the process group by writing)6 1409(If it is negative, the note is delivered)7 1627 2 2018 1776 t
10 I f
(note)5102 1776 w
10 R f
(to)5322 1776 w
10 CW f
(/proc/)1080 1896 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1448 1896 w
10 I f
(pid)1513 1896 w
10 CW f
(/notepg.)1649 1896 w
10 R f
( Otherwise)1 460(If the write is successful, zero is returned.)7 1665 2 1080 2064 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3230 2064 w
10 R f
(1 is returned.)2 524 1 3295 2064 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2232 t
10 I f
(notify)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1316 2352 w
10 I f
(intro)1482 2352 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1685 2352 w
10 I f
(proc)1851 2352 w
10 R f
(\(3\))2042 2352 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2520 t
10 R f
(Sets)1080 2640 w
10 I f
(errstr.)1272 2640 w
10 R f
( 260)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( PRINT)1 4111(PRINT \( 2 \))3 429 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( sprint, snprint, fmtinstall, strconv, Strconv, numbconv, fltconv, doprint, donprint)9 3325(print, fprint,)1 493 2 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4931 1080 w
10 R f
(print for\255)1 371 1 5029 1080 t
(matted output)1 553 1 1080 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
( *format, ...\))2 840(int print\(char)1 960 2 1080 1488 t
( fd, char *format, ...\))4 1380(int fprint\(int)1 960 2 1080 1656 t
( *s, char *format, ...\))4 1380(int sprint\(char)1 1020 2 1080 1824 t
( *s, int len, char *format, ...\))6 1920(int snprint\(char)1 1080 2 1080 1992 t
( c, int \(*f\)\(void*, Fconv*\)\))4 1680(int fmtinstall\(char)1 1260 2 1080 2160 t
( *s, Fconv *fp\))3 900(void strconv\(char)1 1080 2 1080 2328 t
( *s, Fconv *fp\))3 900(void Strconv\(Rune)1 1080 2 1080 2496 t
( *o, Fconv *fp\))3 900(int numbconv\(void)1 1140 2 1080 2664 t
( f, Fconv *fp\))3 840(int fltconv\(double)1 1200 2 1080 2832 t
(char* doprint\(char *s, char *es, char *format, void *argp\))8 3480 1 1080 3000 t
(extern int printcol;)2 1200 1 1080 3168 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 3336 t
10 I f
(Print)1080 3456 w
10 R f
(writes text to the standard output.)5 1338 1 1311 3456 t
10 I f
(Fprint)2699 3456 w
10 R f
( form is)2 313(writes to the named output file descriptor; a buffered)8 2107 2 2980 3456 t
(described in)1 489 1 1080 3576 t
10 I f
(bio)1598 3576 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)1734 3576 w
10 I f
(Sprint)1928 3576 w
10 R f
(places text followed by the NUL character \()7 1774 1 2201 3576 t
10 CW f
(\\0)3975 3576 w
10 R f
(\) in consecutive bytes starting at)5 1305 1 4095 3576 t
10 I f
(s)1080 3696 w
10 R f
( function returns the number)4 1141( Each)1 250( enough storage is available.)4 1138(; it is the user's responsibility to ensure that)8 1744 4 1127 3696 t
(of bytes transmitted \(not including the NUL in the case of)10 2324 1 1080 3816 t
10 I f
(sprint)3430 3816 w
10 R f
( an output error was)4 798(\), or a negative value if)5 930 2 3672 3816 t
(encountered.)1080 3936 w
10 I f
(Snprint)1642 3936 w
10 R f
(is like)1 242 1 1962 3936 t
10 I f
(sprint)2229 3936 w
10 R f
(but is also passed the length of the buffer at)9 1739 1 2488 3936 t
10 I f
(s)4252 3936 w
10 R f
(.)4299 3936 w
( arguments under control of a)5 1193(Each of these functions converts, formats, and prints its trailing)9 2551 2 1080 4104 t
10 I f
(format)4852 4104 w
10 R f
(string.)5147 4104 w
( of objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to the output stream,)12 3069(The format contains two types)4 1251 2 1080 4224 t
( results are)2 438( The)1 208( which results in fetching of zero or more arguments.)9 2145(and conversion specifications, each of)4 1529 4 1080 4344 t
( the format is)3 554( If)1 124( format.)1 324(undefined if there are arguments of the wrong type or too few arguments for the)14 3318 4 1080 4464 t
(exhausted while arguments remain, the excess is ignored.)7 2293 1 1080 4584 t
(Each conversion specification has the following format:)6 2235 1 1080 4752 t
10 CW f
(% [flags] verb)2 840 1 1440 4920 t
10 R f
( to two)2 290( Up)1 178( and each flag is a single character or a \(decimal\) numeric string.)12 2656(The verb is a single character)5 1196 4 1080 5088 t
( the first is called)4 716(numeric strings may be used;)4 1203 2 1080 5208 t
10 I f
(f1)3031 5208 w
10 R f
(, the second)2 488 1 3117 5208 t
10 I f
(f2)3637 5208 w
10 R f
( period can be used to separate them,)7 1523(. A)1 154 2 3723 5208 t
( then)1 210(and if the period is present)5 1122 2 1080 5328 t
10 I f
(f1)2450 5328 w
10 R f
(and)2566 5328 w
10 I f
(f2)2748 5328 w
10 R f
(are taken to be zero if missing, otherwise they are `omitted'.)10 2536 1 2864 5328 t
(Either or both of the numbers may be replaced with the character)11 2618 1 1080 5448 t
10 CW f
(*)3724 5448 w
10 R f
(, meaning that the actual number will be)7 1616 1 3784 5448 t
( flags and numbers are arguments to the)7 1636( The)1 211( as an integer.)3 572(obtained from the argument list)4 1280 4 1080 5568 t
10 I f
(verb)4810 5568 w
10 R f
(described)5018 5568 w
(below.)1080 5688 w
(The numeric verbs)2 766 1 1080 5856 t
10 CW f
(d)1880 5856 w
10 R f
(,)1940 5856 w
10 CW f
(o)1999 5856 w
10 R f
(,)2059 5856 w
10 CW f
(x)2118 5856 w
10 R f
(, and)1 203 1 2178 5856 t
10 CW f
(X)2416 5856 w
10 R f
(format their arguments in decimal, octal, hexadecimal, and upper case)9 2889 1 2511 5856 t
( interprets the flags)3 798(hexadecimal. Each)1 788 2 1080 5976 t
10 CW f
(h)2701 5976 w
10 R f
(,)2761 5976 w
10 CW f
(l)2821 5976 w
10 R f
(,)2881 5976 w
10 CW f
(u)2941 5976 w
10 R f
(,)3001 5976 w
10 CW f
(#)3061 5976 w
10 R f
(, and)1 204 1 3121 5976 t
10 S f
(-)3360 5976 w
10 R f
( alternate format,)2 702(to mean short, long, unsigned,)4 1248 2 3450 5976 t
( nor long is specified, then the argument is an)9 1865( neither short)2 535( If)1 120(and left justified.)2 688 4 1080 6096 t
10 CW f
(int)4318 6096 w
10 R f
( unsigned is speci\255)3 756(. If)1 146 2 4498 6096 t
( two)1 180( If)1 121(fied, then the argument is interpreted as a positive number and no sign is output.)14 3278 3 1080 6216 t
10 CW f
(l)4689 6216 w
10 R f
( given,)1 276(flags are)1 345 2 4779 6216 t
(then the argument is interpreted as a)6 1495 1 1080 6336 t
10 CW f
(vlong)2608 6336 w
10 R f
( If)1 124(\(a 4\255byte or sometimes 8\255byte integer\).)5 1598 2 2941 6336 t
10 I f
(f2)4696 6336 w
10 R f
( omitted,)1 365(is not)1 228 2 4807 6336 t
(the number is padded on the left with zeros until at least)11 2261 1 1080 6456 t
10 I f
(f2)3368 6456 w
10 R f
( if alternate format is speci\255)5 1105( Then,)1 282(digits appear.)1 540 3 3473 6456 t
(fied, for)1 322 1 1080 6576 t
10 CW f
(o)1428 6576 w
10 R f
(conversion, the number is preceded by a)6 1616 1 1514 6576 t
10 CW f
(0)3156 6576 w
10 R f
(if it doesn't already begin with one; for)7 1581 1 3242 6576 t
10 CW f
(x)4850 6576 w
10 R f
(conversion,)4937 6576 w
(the number is preceded by)4 1073 1 1080 6696 t
10 CW f
(0x)2183 6696 w
10 R f
(; for)1 174 1 2303 6696 t
10 CW f
(X)2507 6696 w
10 R f
(conversion, the number is preceded by)5 1566 1 2597 6696 t
10 CW f
(0X)4193 6696 w
10 R f
( if)1 91(. Finally,)1 389 2 4313 6696 t
10 I f
(f1)4823 6696 w
10 R f
(is not omit\255)2 470 1 4930 6696 t
( on the left \(or right, if left justification is specified\) with enough blanks to make)15 3279(ted, the number is padded)4 1041 2 1080 6816 t
(the field at least)3 635 1 1080 6936 t
10 I f
(f1)1740 6936 w
10 R f
(characters long.)1 631 1 1843 6936 t
(The floating point verbs)3 975 1 1080 7104 t
10 CW f
(f)2084 7104 w
10 R f
(,)2144 7104 w
10 CW f
(e)2198 7104 w
10 R f
(,)2258 7104 w
10 CW f
(E)2313 7104 w
10 R f
(,)2373 7104 w
10 CW f
(g)2428 7104 w
10 R f
(, and)1 199 1 2488 7104 t
10 CW f
(G)2717 7104 w
10 R f
(take a)1 240 1 2807 7104 t
10 CW f
(double)3077 7104 w
10 R f
( interprets the flags)3 783(argument. Each)1 656 2 3467 7104 t
10 CW f
(+)4936 7104 w
10 R f
(,)4996 7104 w
10 CW f
(\255)5051 7104 w
10 R f
(, and)1 199 1 5111 7104 t
10 CW f
(#)5340 7104 w
10 R f
(to mean always print a sign, left justified, and alternate format.)10 2570 1 1080 7224 t
10 I f
(F1)3706 7224 w
10 R f
(is the minimum field width and, if the)7 1552 1 3848 7224 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 261)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( PRINT)1 4111(PRINT \( 2 \))3 429 3 720 480 t
( takes up less than)4 771(converted value)1 644 2 1080 960 t
10 I f
(f1)2531 960 w
10 R f
(characters, it is padded on the left \(or right, if `left justified'\) with)12 2755 1 2645 960 t
(spaces.)1080 1080 w
10 I f
(F2)1423 1080 w
10 R f
( digits that are converted after the decimal place for)9 2121(is the number of)3 676 2 1567 1080 t
10 CW f
(e)4396 1080 w
10 R f
(,)4456 1080 w
10 CW f
(E)4513 1080 w
10 R f
(, and)1 201 1 4573 1080 t
10 CW f
(f)4806 1080 w
10 R f
(conversions,)4898 1080 w
(and)1080 1200 w
10 I f
(f2)1254 1200 w
10 R f
( maximum number of significant digits for)6 1741(is the)1 219 2 1362 1200 t
10 CW f
(g)3353 1200 w
10 R f
(and)3444 1200 w
10 CW f
(G)3619 1200 w
10 R f
(conversions. The)1 713 1 3710 1200 t
10 CW f
(f)4454 1200 w
10 R f
(verb produces output)2 855 1 4545 1200 t
(of the form [)3 534 1 1080 1320 t
10 CW f
(\255)1614 1320 w
10 R f
(])1674 1320 w
10 CW f
(digits)1707 1320 w
10 R f
([)2067 1320 w
10 CW f
(.digits)2100 1320 w
10 R f
(].)2520 1320 w
10 CW f
(e)2637 1320 w
10 R f
(conversion appends an exponent)3 1324 1 2731 1320 t
10 CW f
(e)4088 1320 w
10 R f
([)4148 1320 w
10 CW f
(\255)4181 1320 w
10 R f
(])4241 1320 w
10 CW f
(digits)4274 1320 w
10 R f
(, and)1 202 1 4634 1320 t
10 CW f
(E)4869 1320 w
10 R f
(conversion)4962 1320 w
(appends an exponent)2 847 1 1080 1440 t
10 CW f
(E)1957 1440 w
10 R f
([)2017 1440 w
10 CW f
(\255)2050 1440 w
10 R f
(])2110 1440 w
10 CW f
(digits)2143 1440 w
10 R f
(. The)1 235 1 2503 1440 t
10 CW f
(g)2768 1440 w
10 R f
(verb will output the argument in either)6 1573 1 2858 1440 t
10 CW f
(e)4461 1440 w
10 R f
(or)4551 1440 w
10 CW f
(f)4664 1440 w
10 R f
( of)1 114(with the goal)2 532 2 4754 1440 t
( trailing zeros are omitted from the fraction part of the output, and a)13 2810( Also,)1 272(producing the smallest output.)3 1238 3 1080 1560 t
( The)1 216(trailing decimal point appears only if it is followed by a digit.)11 2581 2 1080 1680 t
10 CW f
(G)3913 1680 w
10 R f
(verb is similar, but uses)4 991 1 4009 1680 t
10 CW f
(E)5037 1680 w
10 R f
(format)5134 1680 w
(instead of)1 398 1 1080 1800 t
10 CW f
(e)1510 1800 w
10 R f
( is specified, the result will always contain a decimal point, and for)12 2746( alternate format)2 673(. When)1 320 3 1570 1800 t
10 CW f
(g)5340 1800 w
10 R f
(and)1080 1920 w
10 CW f
(G)1249 1920 w
10 R f
(conversions, trailing zeros are not removed.)5 1749 1 1334 1920 t
(The)1080 2088 w
10 CW f
(s)1260 2088 w
10 R f
(verb copies a string \(pointer to)5 1223 1 1345 2088 t
10 CW f
(char)2593 2088 w
10 R f
( characters copied \()3 780( number of)2 438( The)1 205(\) to the output.)3 589 4 2833 2088 t
10 I f
(n)4853 2088 w
10 R f
(\) is the min\255)3 489 1 4911 2088 t
( of the string and)4 725(imum of the size)3 708 2 1080 2208 t
10 I f
(f2)2550 2208 w
10 R f
(. These)1 325 1 2636 2208 t
10 I f
(n)2998 2208 w
10 R f
(characters are justified within a field of)6 1640 1 3085 2208 t
10 I f
(f1)4762 2208 w
10 R f
(characters as)1 523 1 4877 2208 t
( The)1 216(described above.)1 681 2 1080 2328 t
10 CW f
(S)2013 2328 w
10 R f
( it interprets its pointer as an array of runes \(see)10 2021(verb is similar, but)3 783 2 2109 2328 t
10 I f
(utf)4950 2328 w
10 R f
(\(6\)\); the)1 336 1 5064 2328 t
(runes are converted to)3 883 1 1080 2448 t
9 R f
(UTF)1986 2448 w
10 R f
(before output.)1 560 1 2181 2448 t
(The)1080 2616 w
10 CW f
(c)1263 2616 w
10 R f
(verb copies a single)3 799 1 1351 2616 t
10 CW f
(char)2178 2616 w
10 R f
(\(promoted to)1 522 1 2446 2616 t
10 CW f
(int \))1 303 1 2996 2616 t
10 R f
(justified within a field of)4 1010 1 3328 2616 t
10 I f
(f1)4367 2616 w
10 R f
(characters as described)2 926 1 4474 2616 t
(above. The)1 468 1 1080 2736 t
10 CW f
(C)1573 2736 w
10 R f
(verb is similar, but works on runes.)6 1410 1 1658 2736 t
10 I f
(Fmtinstall)1080 2904 w
10 R f
(is used to install custom verbs and flags.)7 1616 1 1517 2904 t
10 I f
(Fn)3183 2904 w
10 R f
(should be declared as)3 856 1 3319 2904 t
10 CW f
( *o, Fconv *fp\))3 900(int fn\(void)1 780 2 1440 3072 t
10 I f
(Fn)1080 3240 w
10 R f
(is passed a pointer)3 747 1 1220 3240 t
10 I f
(o)1996 3240 w
10 R f
(to whatever argument appears next in the list to)8 1929 1 2075 3240 t
10 I f
(print)4033 3240 w
10 R f
(.)4236 3240 w
10 I f
(Fp\255)4315 3240 w
10 S f
(>)4459 3240 w
10 I f
(chr)4514 3240 w
10 R f
(is the flag or verb)4 724 1 4676 3240 t
(character to cause)2 719 1 1080 3360 t
10 I f
(fn)1827 3360 w
10 R f
( In)1 135(to be called; it must have value less than 512.)9 1833 2 1933 3360 t
10 I f
(fn, fp\255)1 241 1 3928 3360 t
10 S f
(>)4169 3360 w
10 I f
(f1)4224 3360 w
10 R f
(and)4329 3360 w
10 I f
(fp\255)4500 3360 w
10 S f
(>)4611 3360 w
10 I f
(f2)4666 3360 w
10 R f
(are the decoded)2 629 1 4771 3360 t
( missing)1 344( A)1 129(flags in the conversion.)3 953 3 1080 3480 t
10 I f
(fp\255)2538 3480 w
10 S f
(>)2649 3480 w
10 I f
(f1)2704 3480 w
10 R f
( missing)1 344( A)1 129(is denoted by the value zero.)5 1177 3 2814 3480 t
10 I f
(fp\255)4497 3480 w
10 S f
(>)4608 3480 w
10 I f
(f2)4663 3480 w
10 R f
(is denoted by a)3 626 1 4774 3480 t
(negative number.)1 695 1 1080 3600 t
10 I f
(Fp\255)1826 3600 w
10 S f
(>)1970 3600 w
10 I f
(f3)2025 3600 w
10 R f
(is the bitwise OR of all the flags seen since the most recent)12 2370 1 2129 3600 t
10 CW f
(%)4525 3600 w
10 R f
( standard flags)2 584(. The)1 231 2 4585 3600 t
(values are: 1 \()3 562 1 1080 3720 t
10 CW f
(+)1642 3720 w
10 R f
(\), 2 \()2 191 1 1702 3720 t
10 CW f
(\255)1893 3720 w
10 R f
(\), 4 \()2 191 1 1953 3720 t
10 CW f
(#)2144 3720 w
10 R f
(\), 8 \()2 191 1 2204 3720 t
10 CW f
(l)2395 3720 w
10 R f
(\), 16 \()2 241 1 2455 3720 t
10 CW f
(h)2696 3720 w
10 R f
(\), 32 \()2 241 1 2756 3720 t
10 CW f
(u)2997 3720 w
10 R f
(\), and 64 \()3 410 1 3057 3720 t
10 CW f
(ll)3467 3720 w
10 R f
(\). If)1 174 1 3587 3720 t
10 CW f
(fp\255>chr)3786 3720 w
10 R f
(is a verb,)2 363 1 4231 3720 t
10 I f
(fn)4619 3720 w
10 R f
( the)1 148(should return)1 530 2 4722 3720 t
(size of the argument in bytes so)6 1271 1 1080 3840 t
10 I f
(print)2377 3840 w
10 R f
( If)1 116(can skip over it.)3 638 2 2597 3840 t
10 I f
(fp\255)3376 3840 w
10 S f
(>)3487 3840 w
10 I f
(chr)3542 3840 w
10 R f
(is a flag,)2 341 1 3700 3840 t
10 I f
(fn)4066 3840 w
10 R f
(should return a negative value:)4 1231 1 4169 3840 t
( interpretation of)2 677( All)1 181( of one of the above flag values, or some otherwise unused power of two.)14 2969(the negation)1 493 4 1080 3960 t
10 I f
(fp\255)1080 4080 w
10 S f
(>)1191 4080 w
10 I f
(f1)1246 4080 w
10 R f
(,)1332 4080 w
10 I f
(fp\255)1382 4080 w
10 S f
(>)1493 4080 w
10 I f
(f2)1548 4080 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 1634 4080 t
10 I f
(fp\255)1853 4080 w
10 S f
(>)1964 4080 w
10 I f
(f3)2019 4080 w
10 R f
(is left up to the conversion routine.)6 1396 1 2122 4080 t
10 I f
(Sprint)1080 4248 w
10 R f
(and)1350 4248 w
10 I f
(snprint)1519 4248 w
10 R f
(are reentrant; they may be called to help prepare output in custom conversion routines.)13 3460 1 1828 4248 t
10 I f
(Strconv)1080 4416 w
10 R f
(\(with a lower\255case s\) formats a)5 1247 1 1413 4416 t
9 R f
(UTF)2686 4416 w
10 R f
(string.)2884 4416 w
10 I f
(S)3190 4416 w
10 R f
(is the string,)2 498 1 3268 4416 t
10 I f
(fp)3794 4416 w
10 R f
( The)1 209( above.)1 292(has the same meaning as)4 999 3 3900 4416 t
10 I f
(strconv)1080 4536 w
10 R f
( the)1 149(routine interprets)1 688 2 1402 4536 t
10 CW f
(\255)2266 4536 w
10 R f
(flag in fp\255)2 403 1 2353 4536 t
10 S f
(>)2756 4536 w
10 R f
(f3 as left\255justification.)2 889 1 2811 4536 t
10 I f
(Strconv)3752 4536 w
10 R f
(\(with a capital S\) is like)5 962 1 4084 4536 t
10 I f
(strconv)5073 4536 w
10 R f
(,)5375 4536 w
(but its input is a rune string, which is converted to)10 2002 1 1080 4656 t
9 R f
(UTF)3105 4656 w
10 R f
(on output.)1 406 1 3300 4656 t
10 I f
(Printcol)1080 4824 w
10 R f
( backspaces and carriage returns are inter\255)6 1688( Tabs,)1 271( next output character.)3 898(indicates the position of the)4 1109 4 1434 4824 t
(preted appropriately.)1 831 1 1080 4944 t
10 I f
(Numbconv)1080 5112 w
10 R f
( to implement the integer verbs; its arguments are like those of the function argument to)15 3585(is used)1 279 2 1536 5112 t
10 I f
(fmtinstall)1080 5232 w
10 R f
(.)1467 5232 w
10 I f
(Fltconv)1554 5232 w
10 R f
( like those of the function)5 1079( arguments are)2 611( Its)1 162(is used to implement the floating verbs.)6 1652 4 1896 5232 t
(argument to)1 489 1 1080 5352 t
10 I f
(fmtinstall)1603 5352 w
10 R f
( Both)1 254(, except that the first argument is the double itself rather than a pointer to it.)15 3156 2 1990 5352 t
10 I f
(numbconv)1080 5472 w
10 R f
(and)1515 5472 w
10 I f
(fltconv)1684 5472 w
10 R f
(use)1981 5472 w
10 I f
(strconv)2139 5472 w
10 R f
(to put their results into the current print buffer.)8 1867 1 2458 5472 t
(One of)1 277 1 1080 5640 t
10 I f
(strconv, Strconv,)1 677 1 1385 5640 t
10 R f
(or)2090 5640 w
10 I f
(numbconv)2201 5640 w
10 R f
( output; no other routine puts characters in)7 1723(must be called to produce)4 1038 2 2639 5640 t
(the output buffer.)2 696 1 1080 5760 t
10 I f
(Doprint)1080 5928 w
10 R f
(formats the arguments starting at)4 1331 1 1425 5928 t
10 I f
(argp)2785 5928 w
10 R f
(into the buffer starting at)4 1009 1 3003 5928 t
10 I f
(s)4041 5928 w
10 R f
(, but it writes no characters after)6 1312 1 4088 5928 t
(the address)1 446 1 1080 6048 t
10 I f
(es)1551 6048 w
10 R f
( returns a pointer to the NUL terminating the formatted string.)10 2483(. It)1 136 2 1642 6048 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 6216 t
10 R f
(This function prints an error message with a variable number of arguments and then quits.)14 3597 1 1080 6336 t
10 CW f
(void fatal\(char *msg, ...\))3 1560 1 1440 6504 t
({)1440 6624 w
(char buf[1024], *out;)2 1260 1 1740 6744 t
(out = doprint\(buf, buf+sizeof\(buf\), "Fatal error: "\);)6 3180 1 1740 6984 t
(out = doprint\(out, buf+sizeof\(buf\), msg, \(&msg+1\)\);)5 3060 1 1740 7104 t
(write\(2, buf, out\255buf\);)2 1380 1 1740 7224 t
10 R f
( 262)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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289 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( PRINT)1 4111(PRINT \( 2 \))3 429 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(exits\("fatal error"\);)1 1260 1 1740 960 t
(})1440 1080 w
10 R f
(This example adds a verb to print complex numbers.)8 2100 1 1080 1248 t
10 CW f
(typedef)1440 1416 w
(struct {)1 480 1 1440 1536 t
( i;)1 180(double r,)1 720 2 1740 1656 t
(} Complex;)1 600 1 1440 1776 t
(int)1440 2016 w
(Xconv\(void *v, Fconv *fp\))3 1500 1 1440 2136 t
({)1440 2256 w
(char str[50];)1 780 1 1740 2376 t
(Complex *o;)1 660 1 1740 2496 t
(o = v;)2 360 1 1740 2736 t
(sprint\(str, "\(%g,%g\)", o\255>r, o\255>i\);)3 2100 1 1740 2856 t
(strconv\(str, fp\);)1 1020 1 1740 2976 t
(return\(sizeof\(Complex\)\);)1740 3096 w
(})1440 3216 w
(main\(...\))1440 3456 w
({)1440 3576 w
(Complex x = \(Complex\){ 1.5, \2552.3 };)6 2100 1 1740 3696 t
(fmtinstall\('X', Xconv\);)1 1380 1 1740 3936 t
(print\("x = %X\\n", x\);)3 1260 1 1740 4056 t
(})1440 4176 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4344 t
10 I f
(fprintf)1080 4464 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1339 4464 w
10 I f
(utf)1505 4464 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)1619 4464 w
10 I f
(errstr)1785 4464 w
10 R f
(\(2\))2021 4464 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 4632 t
10 I f
(Print)1080 4752 w
10 R f
(and)1311 4752 w
10 I f
(fprint)1480 4752 w
10 R f
(set)1728 4752 w
10 I f
(errstr.)1864 4752 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4920 t
10 R f
(The formatting is close to that specified for ANSI)8 1986 1 1080 5040 t
10 I f
(fprintf)3091 5040 w
10 R f
(\(2\); the differences are:)3 932 1 3350 5040 t
(the)1440 5208 w
10 CW f
(\255)1587 5208 w
10 R f
(flag doesn't work)2 704 1 1672 5208 t
10 CW f
(u)1440 5376 w
10 R f
(is a flag here instead of a verb)7 1199 1 1525 5376 t
10 CW f
(X)1440 5544 w
10 R f
(conversion doesn't use uppercase)3 1338 1 1525 5544 t
10 CW f
(A)2888 5544 w
10 S1 f
(\261)2948 5544 w
10 CW f
(F)3013 5544 w
10 R f
(for digits ten to fifteen)4 899 1 3098 5544 t
(there are no)2 470 1 1440 5712 t
10 CW f
(0)1935 5712 w
10 R f
(or space flags here)3 744 1 2020 5712 t
(there are no)2 470 1 1440 5880 t
10 CW f
(P)1935 5880 w
10 R f
(or)2020 5880 w
10 CW f
(n)2128 5880 w
10 R f
(verbs here)1 412 1 2213 5880 t
(Also, and not a bug,)4 805 1 1080 6048 t
10 I f
(print)1910 6048 w
10 R f
(and friends generate)2 808 1 2130 6048 t
9 R f
(UTF)2961 6048 w
10 R f
(rather than)1 429 1 3156 6048 t
9 R f
(ASCII.)3608 6048 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 263)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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290 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( QSORT)1 4072(QSORT \( 2 \))3 468 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(qsort)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1305 1080 w
10 R f
(quicker sort)1 474 1 1395 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(void qsort\(void *base, long nel, long width,)6 2640 1 1080 1368 t
(int \(*compar\)\(void*, void*\)\))2 1680 1 1680 1488 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 I f
(Qsort)1080 1776 w
10 R f
( first argument is a pointer to the base of)9 1671( The)1 211( order.)1 266(\(quicker sort\) sorts an array into nondecreasing)6 1914 4 1338 1776 t
( last is the)3 415(the data; the second is the number of elements; the third is the width of an element in bytes; the)19 3905 2 1080 1896 t
( routine must)2 552( The)1 217( be called with pointers to elements being compared.)8 2201(name of a comparison routine to)5 1350 4 1080 2016 t
( greater than 0 according as the first argument is to be considered less)13 2780(return an integer less than, equal to, or)7 1540 2 1080 2136 t
(than, equal to, or greater than the second.)7 1646 1 1080 2256 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2424 t
10 I f
(sort)1080 2544 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1244 2544 w
( 264)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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291 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( RAND)1 4117(RAND \( 2 \))3 423 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(rand, lrand, frand, nrand, lnrand, srand)5 1540 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2645 1080 w
10 R f
(random number generator)2 1036 1 2735 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(int rand\(void\))1 1020 1 1080 1368 t
(long lrand\(void\))1 1080 1 1080 1536 t
(double frand\(void\))1 1080 1 1080 1704 t
( val\))1 300(int nrand\(int)1 960 2 1080 1872 t
( val\))1 300(long lnrand\(long)1 1080 2 1080 2040 t
( seed\))1 360(void srand\(long)1 1020 2 1080 2208 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2376 t
10 I f
(Rand)1080 2496 w
10 R f
(returns a uniform pseudo\255random number)4 1669 1 1316 2496 t
10 I f
(x,)3010 2496 w
10 R f
(0)3104 2496 w
10 S f
(\243)3154 2496 w
10 I f
(x)3217 2496 w
10 S f
(<)3269 2496 w
10 R f
(2)3324 2496 w
7 R f
(15)3374 2446 w
10 R f
(.)3444 2496 w
10 I f
(Lrand)1080 2664 w
10 R f
(returns a uniform)2 693 1 1350 2664 t
10 CW f
(long)2068 2664 w
10 I f
(x,)2333 2664 w
10 R f
(0)2427 2664 w
10 S f
(\243)2477 2664 w
10 I f
(x)2540 2664 w
10 S f
(<)2592 2664 w
10 R f
(2)2647 2664 w
7 R f
(31)2697 2614 w
10 R f
(.)2767 2664 w
10 I f
(Frand)1080 2832 w
10 R f
(returns a uniform)2 703 1 1360 2832 t
10 CW f
(double)2093 2832 w
10 I f
(x,)2483 2832 w
10 R f
(0.0)2582 2832 w
10 S f
(\243)2707 2832 w
10 I f
(x)2770 2832 w
10 S f
(<)2822 2832 w
10 R f
(1.0, This function calls)3 934 1 2877 2832 t
10 I f
(lrand)3841 2832 w
10 R f
( generate a number with)4 988(twice to)1 324 2 4088 2832 t
(as many as 62 significant bits of mantissa.)7 1688 1 1080 2952 t
10 I f
(Nrand)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(returns a uniform integer)3 995 1 1361 3120 t
10 I f
(x,)2381 3120 w
10 R f
(0)2475 3120 w
10 S f
(\243)2525 3120 w
10 I f
(x)2588 3120 w
10 S f
(<)2640 3120 w
10 I f
(val. Lnrand)1 492 1 2703 3120 t
10 R f
(is the same, but returns a)5 993 1 3220 3120 t
10 CW f
(long)4238 3120 w
10 R f
(.)4478 3120 w
(The algorithm is additive feedback with:)5 1623 1 1080 3288 t
(x[n] = \(x[n)2 438 1 1440 3456 t
10 S f
(-)1878 3456 w
10 R f
(273] + x[n)2 422 1 1933 3456 t
10 S f
(-)2355 3456 w
10 R f
(607]\) mod 2)2 494 1 2410 3456 t
7 R f
(31)2904 3406 w
10 R f
(.)2974 3456 w
(giving a period of 2)4 788 1 1080 3624 t
7 R f
(30)1868 3574 w
10 S f
(\264)1963 3624 w
10 R f
(\(2)2043 3624 w
7 R f
(607)2126 3574 w
10 S f
(-)2256 3624 w
10 R f
(1\).)2336 3624 w
(The generators are initialized by calling)5 1593 1 1080 3792 t
10 I f
(srand)2699 3792 w
10 R f
( get a different start\255)4 822( To)1 163( you like as argument.)4 893(with whatever)1 569 4 2953 3792 t
(ing value each time,)3 804 1 1080 3912 t
10 CW f
(srand\(time\(0\)\))1440 4080 w
10 R f
( Calling)1 345(will work as long as it is not called more often than once per second.)14 2743 2 1080 4248 t
10 CW f
(srand\(1\))1440 4416 w
10 R f
(will initialize the generators to their starting state.)7 1987 1 1080 4584 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 265)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( READ)1 4128(READ \( 2 \))3 412 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(read, write)1 426 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1531 1080 w
10 R f
(read or write file)3 667 1 1621 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(long read\(int fd, void *buf, long nbytes\))6 2460 1 1080 1368 t
(long write\(int fd, void *buf, long nbytes\))6 2520 1 1080 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Read)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(reads)1310 1824 w
10 I f
(nbytes)1546 1824 w
10 R f
(bytes of data from the offset in the file associated with)10 2184 1 1827 1824 t
10 I f
(fd)4037 1824 w
10 R f
(into memory at)2 613 1 4141 1824 t
10 I f
(buf)4780 1824 w
10 R f
( offset)1 253(. The)1 231 2 4916 1824 t
( is not guaranteed that all)5 1012( It)1 112( number of bytes read.)4 899(is advanced by the)3 746 4 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(nbytes)3875 1944 w
10 R f
(bytes will be read; for example)5 1244 1 4156 1944 t
( of characters read)3 735( any event the number)4 887( In)1 133(if the file refers to the console, at most one line will be returned.)13 2565 4 1080 2064 t
( return value of 0 is conventionally interpreted as end of file.)11 2423( A)1 122(is returned.)1 449 3 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(Write)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(writes)1329 2352 w
10 I f
(nbytes)1601 2352 w
10 R f
(bytes of data starting at)4 944 1 1884 2352 t
10 I f
(buf)2856 2352 w
10 R f
(to the file associated with)4 1033 1 3012 2352 t
10 I f
(fd)4073 2352 w
10 R f
( offset is)2 350( The)1 208(at the file offset.)3 663 3 4179 2352 t
( should)1 296( It)1 115( number of characters actually written is returned.)7 2017( The)1 209( bytes written.)2 577(advanced by the number of)4 1106 6 1080 2472 t
(be regarded as an error if this is not the same as requested.)12 2330 1 1080 2592 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2760 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 2880 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1283 2880 w
10 I f
(open)1449 2880 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1651 2880 w
10 I f
(dup)1817 2880 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1975 2880 w
10 I f
(pipe)2141 2880 w
10 R f
(\(2\))2321 2880 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 3048 t
10 R f
(These functions set)2 771 1 1080 3168 t
10 I f
(errstr.)1876 3168 w
10 R f
( 266)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2X \))3 212( REGEXP)1 3867(REGEXP \( 2X \))3 601 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(regcomp, regcomplit, regcompnl, regexec, regsub, rregexec, rregsub, regerror)7 3095 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4200 1080 w
10 R f
(regular expression)1 734 1 4290 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <regexp.h>)1 1140 1 1080 1368 t
( *exp\))1 360(Reprog *regcomp\(char)1 1260 2 1080 1536 t
( *exp\))1 360(Reprog *regcomplit\(char)1 1440 2 1080 1704 t
( *exp\))1 360(Reprog *regcompnl\(char)1 1380 2 1080 1872 t
( *prog, char *string, Resub *match, int msize\))7 2760(int regexec\(Reprog)1 1320 2 1080 2040 t
( *source, char *dest, Resub *match, int msize\))7 2760(void regsub\(char)1 1140 2 1080 2208 t
( *prog, Rune *string, Resub *match, int msize\))7 2760(int rregexec\(Reprog)1 1380 2 1080 2376 t
( *source, Rune *dest, Resub *match, int msize\))7 2760(void rregsub\(Rune)1 1200 2 1080 2544 t
( *msg\))1 360(void regerror\(char)1 1260 2 1080 2712 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2880 t
10 I f
(Regcomp)1080 3000 w
10 R f
( space is)2 364( The)1 218( pointer to the generated description.)5 1529(compiles a regular expression and returns a)6 1801 4 1488 3000 t
(allocated by)1 485 1 1080 3120 t
10 I f
(malloc)1590 3120 w
10 R f
(\(2\) and may be released by)5 1077 1 1870 3120 t
10 I f
(free.)2972 3120 w
10 R f
(Regular expressions are exactly as in)5 1477 1 3177 3120 t
10 I f
(regexp)4679 3120 w
10 R f
(\(6\).)4958 3120 w
10 I f
(Regcomplit)1080 3288 w
10 R f
(is like)1 261 1 1579 3288 t
10 I f
(regcomp)1884 3288 w
10 R f
(except that all characters are treated literally.)6 1905 1 2277 3288 t
10 I f
(Regcompnl)4251 3288 w
10 R f
(is like)1 262 1 4744 3288 t
10 I f
(regcomp)5051 3288 w
10 R f
(except that the)2 582 1 1080 3408 t
10 CW f
(.)1687 3408 w
10 R f
(metacharacter matches all characters, including newlines.)5 2296 1 1772 3408 t
10 I f
(Regexec)1080 3576 w
10 R f
( null\255terminated)1 653(matches a)1 407 2 1447 3576 t
10 I f
(string)2544 3576 w
10 R f
(against the compiled regular expression in)5 1749 1 2815 3576 t
10 I f
(prog.)4601 3576 w
10 R f
(If it matches,)2 548 1 4852 3576 t
10 I f
(regexec)1080 3696 w
10 R f
(returns)1420 3696 w
10 CW f
(1)1728 3696 w
10 R f
(and fills in the array)4 828 1 1819 3696 t
10 I f
(match)2678 3696 w
10 R f
( the substrings of)3 701(with character pointers to)3 1035 2 2953 3696 t
10 I f
(string)4719 3696 w
10 R f
(that corre\255)1 417 1 4983 3696 t
( parenthesized subexpressions of)3 1446(spond to the)2 577 2 1080 3816 t
10 I f
(exp)3173 3816 w
10 R f
(:)3319 3816 w
10 CW f
(match[)3417 3816 w
10 I f
(i)3785 3816 w
10 CW f
(].sp)3821 3816 w
10 R f
(points to the beginning and)4 1269 1 4131 3816 t
10 CW f
(match[)1080 3936 w
10 I f
(i)1448 3936 w
10 CW f
(].ep)1484 3936 w
10 R f
( end of the)3 469(points just beyond the)3 929 2 1765 3936 t
10 I f
(i)3203 3936 w
10 R f
( \(Subexpression)1 681(th substring.)1 510 2 3239 3936 t
10 I f
(i)4470 3936 w
10 R f
(begins at the)2 535 1 4538 3936 t
10 I f
(i)5113 3936 w
10 R f
(th left)1 251 1 5149 3936 t
( in)1 106( Pointers)1 381( 1.\))1 136(parenthesis, counting from)2 1072 4 1080 4056 t
10 CW f
(match[0])2803 4056 w
10 R f
(pick out the substring that corresponds to the whole)8 2089 1 3311 4056 t
( elements of)2 512( Unused)1 367(regular expression.)1 771 3 1080 4176 t
10 I f
(match)2767 4176 w
10 R f
( involving)1 421( Matches)1 400(are filled with zeros.)3 856 3 3048 4176 t
10 CW f
(*)4761 4176 w
10 R f
(,)4821 4176 w
10 CW f
(+)4882 4176 w
10 R f
(, and)1 205 1 4942 4176 t
10 CW f
(?)5183 4176 w
10 R f
(are)5279 4176 w
( number of array elements in)5 1160( The)1 207( possible.)1 380(extended as far as)3 714 4 1080 4296 t
10 I f
(match)3568 4296 w
10 R f
(is given by)2 443 1 3839 4296 t
10 I f
(msize.)4309 4296 w
10 R f
(The structure of ele\255)3 817 1 4583 4296 t
(ments of)1 347 1 1080 4416 t
10 I f
(match)1452 4416 w
10 R f
(is:)1721 4416 w
10 CW f
(typedef struct {)2 960 1 1440 4584 t
(union {)1 420 1 1920 4704 t
(char *sp;)1 540 1 2100 4824 t
(Rune *rsp;)1 600 1 2100 4944 t
(};)1920 5064 w
(union {)1 420 1 1920 5184 t
(char *ep;)1 540 1 2100 5304 t
(Rune *rep;)1 600 1 2100 5424 t
(};)1920 5544 w
(} Resub;)1 480 1 1440 5664 t
10 R f
(If)1080 5832 w
10 CW f
(match[0].sp)1213 5832 w
10 R f
(is nonzero on entry,)3 919 1 1940 5832 t
10 I f
(regexec)2926 5832 w
10 R f
( point within)2 598(starts matching at that)3 1006 2 3302 5832 t
10 I f
(string)4974 5832 w
10 R f
(. If)1 184 1 5216 5832 t
10 CW f
(match[0].ep)1080 5952 w
10 R f
(is nonzero on entry, the last character matched is the one preceding that point.)13 3113 1 1765 5952 t
10 I f
(Regsub)1080 6120 w
10 R f
(places in)1 360 1 1407 6120 t
10 I f
(dest)1800 6120 w
10 R f
(a substitution instance of)3 1021 1 1994 6120 t
10 I f
(source)3049 6120 w
10 R f
(in the context of the last)5 1008 1 3349 6120 t
10 I f
(regexec)4391 6120 w
10 R f
(performed using)1 666 1 4734 6120 t
10 I f
(match.)1080 6240 w
10 R f
(Each instance of)2 665 1 1377 6240 t
10 CW f
(\\)2070 6240 w
10 I f
(n)2138 6240 w
10 CW f
(,)2196 6240 w
10 R f
(where)2284 6240 w
10 I f
(n)2555 6240 w
10 R f
( by)1 127(is a digit, is replaced by the string delimited)8 1776 2 2633 6240 t
10 CW f
(match[)4563 6240 w
10 I f
(n)4931 6240 w
10 CW f
(].sp)4989 6240 w
10 R f
(and)5256 6240 w
10 CW f
(match[)1080 6360 w
10 I f
(n)1448 6360 w
10 CW f
(].ep)1506 6360 w
10 I f
(.)1754 6360 w
10 R f
( of)1 144(Each instance)1 586 2 1864 6360 t
10 CW f
(&)2655 6360 w
10 R f
(is replaced by the string delimited by)6 1698 1 2776 6360 t
10 CW f
(match[0].sp)4535 6360 w
10 R f
(and)5256 6360 w
10 CW f
(match[0].ep)1080 6480 w
10 R f
(.)1740 6480 w
10 I f
(Regerror,)1080 6648 w
10 R f
(called whenever an error is detected in)6 1557 1 1498 6648 t
10 I f
(regcomp, regexec,)1 736 1 3083 6648 t
10 R f
(or)3847 6648 w
10 I f
(regsub,)3958 6648 w
10 R f
(writes the string)2 650 1 4283 6648 t
10 I f
(msg)4961 6648 w
10 R f
(on the)1 250 1 5150 6648 t
(standard error file and exits.)4 1122 1 1080 6768 t
10 I f
(Regerror)2252 6768 w
10 R f
(can be replaced to perform special error processing.)7 2065 1 2643 6768 t
10 I f
(Rregexp)1080 6936 w
10 R f
(and)1449 6936 w
10 I f
(rregsub)1630 6936 w
10 R f
(are variants of)2 594 1 1978 6936 t
10 I f
(regexec)2609 6936 w
10 R f
(and)2955 6936 w
10 I f
(regsub)3137 6936 w
10 R f
(that use strings of)3 747 1 3447 6936 t
10 CW f
(Runes)4232 6936 w
10 R f
(instead of strings of)3 830 1 4570 6936 t
10 CW f
(chars)1080 7056 w
10 R f
( these routines, the)3 749(. With)1 275 2 1380 7056 t
10 I f
(rsp)2429 7056 w
10 R f
(and)2582 7056 w
10 I f
(rep)2751 7056 w
10 R f
(fields of the)2 477 1 2909 7056 t
10 I f
(match)3411 7056 w
10 R f
(array elements should be used.)4 1228 1 3680 7056 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 267)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2X \))3 212( REGEXP)1 3867(REGEXP \( 2X \))3 601 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 960 t
10 I f
(grep)1080 1080 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1271 1080 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 1248 t
10 I f
(Regcomp)1080 1368 w
10 R f
(returns)1476 1368 w
10 CW f
(0)1778 1368 w
10 R f
(for an illegal expression or other failure.)6 1610 1 1863 1368 t
10 I f
(Regexec)3523 1368 w
10 R f
(returns 0 if)2 438 1 3879 1368 t
10 I f
(string)4342 1368 w
10 R f
(is not matched.)2 608 1 4601 1368 t
( 268)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( REMOVE)1 3978(REMOVE \( 2 \))3 562 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(remove)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1404 1080 w
10 R f
(remove a file)2 526 1 1494 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(int remove\(char *file\))2 1320 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Remove)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(removes)1427 1656 w
10 I f
(file)1797 1656 w
10 R f
( user must)2 427( The)1 213( it and discards the contents of the file.)8 1609(from the directory containing)3 1194 4 1957 1656 t
( If)1 116(have write permission in the containing directory.)6 1989 2 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(file)3210 1776 w
10 R f
(is a directory, it must be empty.)6 1266 1 3363 1776 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1944 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1283 2064 w
10 I f
(remove)1449 2064 w
10 R f
(\(5\))1750 2064 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2232 t
10 R f
(Sets)1080 2352 w
10 I f
(errstr.)1272 2352 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 269)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( RENDEZVOUS)1 3734(RENDEZVOUS \( 2 \))3 806 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(rendezvous)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1559 1080 w
10 R f
(user level process synchronization)3 1372 1 1649 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(ulong rendezvous\(ulong tag, ulong value\))4 2400 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
( conjunction)1 512( In)1 148( exchange a value.)3 781(The rendezvous system call allows two processes to synchronize and)9 2879 4 1080 1656 t
(with the shared memory system calls \(see)6 1694 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(segattach)2804 1776 w
10 R f
(\(2\) and)1 290 1 3195 1776 t
10 I f
(fork)3515 1776 w
10 R f
( access)1 283(\(2\)\), it enables parallel programs to)5 1433 2 3684 1776 t
(the system scheduler.)2 857 1 1080 1896 t
(Two processes wishing to synchronize call)5 1716 1 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(rendezvous)2822 2064 w
10 R f
(with a common)2 626 1 3297 2064 t
10 I f
(tag)3950 2064 w
10 R f
(, typically an address in memory)5 1314 1 4086 2064 t
( process will arrive at the rendezvous first; it suspends execution until a second arrives.)14 3648( One)1 228(they share.)1 444 3 1080 2184 t
( process meets the rendezvous the)5 1415(When a second)2 631 2 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(value)3163 2304 w
10 R f
(arguments are exchanged between the processes)5 1984 1 3416 2304 t
(and returned as the result of the respective)7 1694 1 1080 2424 t
10 I f
(rendezvous)2800 2424 w
10 R f
( when the)2 388( processes are awakened)3 979( Both)1 246(system calls.)1 512 4 3275 2424 t
(rendezvous succeeds.)1 858 1 1080 2544 t
(The tag space is common to processes in the same file name space.)12 2675 1 1080 2712 t
(If a rendezvous is interrupted the return value is)8 1912 1 1080 2880 t
10 CW f
(~0)3017 2880 w
10 R f
( communica\255)1 525(, so that value should not be used in normal)9 1738 2 3137 2880 t
(tion.)1080 3000 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3168 t
10 I f
(segattach)1080 3288 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1471 3288 w
10 I f
(fork)1637 3288 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1806 3288 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 3456 t
10 R f
(Sets)1080 3576 w
10 I f
(errstr.)1272 3576 w
10 R f
( 270)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2G \))3 212( RGBPIX)1 3889(RGBPIX \( 2G \))3 579 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(RGB, rgbpix, rdcolmap, wrcolmap)3 1393 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2498 1080 w
10 R f
(handle color screens)2 814 1 2588 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(ulong rgbpix\(Bitmap *b, RGB rgb\))4 1920 1 1080 1368 t
( *b, RGB *map\))3 840(void rdcolmap\(Bitmap)1 1260 2 1080 1536 t
( *b, RGB *map\))3 840(void wrcolmap\(Bitmap)1 1260 2 1080 1704 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 R f
(Colors are described by the red, green, and blue light intensities, in an)12 2793 1 1080 1992 t
10 CW f
(RGB)3898 1992 w
10 R f
(datum:)4103 1992 w
10 CW f
(typedef)1440 2160 w
(struct RGB {)2 720 1 1440 2280 t
(ulong red;)1 600 1 1740 2400 t
(ulong green;)1 720 1 1740 2520 t
(ulong blue;)1 660 1 1740 2640 t
(} RGB;)1 360 1 1440 2760 t
10 R f
(Black is represented by zero in all three positions and white has the maximum)13 3186 1 1080 2928 t
10 CW f
(unsigned long)1 750 1 4296 2928 t
10 R f
(value in)1 324 1 5076 2928 t
(all three positions.)2 736 1 1080 3048 t
(Some of the graphics functions, such as)6 1602 1 1080 3216 t
10 I f
(point)2710 3216 w
10 R f
(\(see)2944 3216 w
10 I f
(bitblt)3132 3216 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\), take a)2 440 1 3352 3216 t
10 I f
(pixel value)1 439 1 3820 3216 t
10 R f
(argument, which is a single)4 1112 1 4288 3216 t
10 CW f
(unsigned long)1 748 1 1080 3336 t
10 R f
( a given bitmap,)3 653(. For)1 217 2 1828 3336 t
10 I f
(rgbpix)2726 3336 w
10 R f
( color rep\255)2 419(returns the pixel value with a color closest to the)9 1966 2 3015 3336 t
(resented by the)2 604 1 1080 3456 t
10 I f
(rgb)1709 3456 w
10 R f
(argument.)1873 3456 w
(There is a)2 395 1 1080 3624 t
10 I f
(colormap)1502 3624 w
10 R f
( colormap is an array of)5 960( A)1 124(associated with each Bitmap.)3 1171 3 1912 3624 t
10 CW f
(RGB)4194 3624 w
10 R f
(s, of length 2)3 528 1 4374 3624 t
8 R f
(2)4902 3574 w
6 I f
(ldepth)4942 3534 w
10 R f
(, giving)1 308 1 5092 3594 t
(the colors for pixels 0, 1, 2, etc.)7 1262 1 1080 3744 t
10 I f
(Rdcolmap)1080 3912 w
10 R f
( the provided)2 539(reads the colormap for the given bitmap into)7 1813 2 1515 3912 t
10 I f
(map)3898 3912 w
10 R f
(, which must have enough space)5 1322 1 4078 3912 t
(to hold it.)2 417 1 1080 4032 t
10 I f
(Wrcolmap)1562 4032 w
10 R f
( hardware)1 410( \(The)1 253(associates the given colormap with the given bitmap, if possible.)9 2719 3 2018 4032 t
(might not allow this.\))3 862 1 1080 4152 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4320 t
10 R f
( with)1 214( interface will have to be refined for screens)8 1835( This)1 238(These functions work only for the screen bitmap.)7 2033 4 1080 4440 t
(more than 8 bits per pixel.)5 1049 1 1080 4560 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4728 t
10 I f
(graphics)1080 4848 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1438 4848 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 271)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( RUNE)1 4128(RUNE \( 2 \))3 412 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(runetochar, chartorune, runelen, fullrune, utflen, utfrune, utfrrune, utfutf)7 2881 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3986 1080 w
10 R f
(rune/UTF conversion)1 857 1 4076 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
( *s, Rune *r\))3 780(int runetochar\(char)1 1260 2 1080 1368 t
( *r, char *s\))3 780(int chartorune\(Rune)1 1260 2 1080 1536 t
( r\))1 180(int runelen\(long)1 1080 2 1080 1704 t
( *s, int n\))3 660(int fullrune\(char)1 1140 2 1080 1872 t
( *s\))1 240(int utflen\(char)1 1020 2 1080 2040 t
(char* utfrune\(char *s, long c\))4 1800 1 1080 2208 t
(char* utfrrune\(char *s, long c\))4 1860 1 1080 2376 t
(char* utfutf\(char *s1, char *s2\))4 1920 1 1080 2544 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2712 t
10 R f
(These routines convert to and from a)6 1469 1 1080 2832 t
9 R f
(UTF)2572 2832 w
10 R f
(byte stream and runes.)3 898 1 2767 2832 t
10 I f
(Runetochar)1080 3000 w
10 R f
(copies one rune at)3 729 1 1573 3000 t
10 I f
(r)2329 3000 w
10 R f
(to at most)2 399 1 2395 3000 t
10 CW f
(UTFmax)2821 3000 w
10 R f
(characters starting at)2 829 1 3208 3000 t
10 I f
(s)4064 3000 w
10 R f
(and returns the number of char\255)5 1270 1 4130 3000 t
(acters copied.)1 556 1 1080 3120 t
10 CW f
(UTFmax)1694 3120 w
10 R f
(, defined as)2 473 1 2054 3120 t
10 CW f
(3)2560 3120 w
10 R f
(in)2653 3120 w
10 CW f
(<libc.h>)2764 3120 w
10 R f
( maximum number of bytes required to repre\255)7 1876(, is the)2 280 2 3244 3120 t
(sent a rune.)2 457 1 1080 3240 t
10 I f
(Chartorune)1080 3408 w
10 R f
(copies at most)2 576 1 1573 3408 t
10 CW f
(UTFmax)2176 3408 w
10 R f
(characters starting at)2 829 1 2563 3408 t
10 I f
(s)3419 3408 w
10 R f
(to one rune at)3 552 1 3485 3408 t
10 I f
(r)4064 3408 w
10 R f
(and returns the number of char\255)5 1270 1 4130 3408 t
( the characters are not exactly in)6 1290( If)1 116(acters copied.)1 548 3 1080 3528 t
9 R f
(UTF)3057 3528 w
10 R f
(format,)3252 3528 w
10 I f
(chartorune)3568 3528 w
10 R f
(will convert to 0x80 and return 1.)6 1340 1 4037 3528 t
10 I f
(Runelen)1080 3696 w
10 R f
(returns the number of characters required to convert)7 2074 1 1432 3696 t
10 I f
(r)3531 3696 w
10 R f
(into)3595 3696 w
9 R f
(UTF.)3774 3696 w
10 I f
(Fullrune)1080 3864 w
10 R f
( string)1 259(returns 1 if the)3 600 2 1460 3864 t
10 I f
(s)2350 3864 w
10 R f
(of length)1 364 1 2420 3864 t
10 I f
(n)2815 3864 w
10 R f
(is long enough to be decoded by)6 1329 1 2896 3864 t
10 I f
(chartorune)4256 3864 w
10 R f
(and 0 otherwise.)2 669 1 4731 3864 t
( not guarantee that the string contains a legal)8 1786(This does)1 387 2 1080 3984 t
9 R f
(UTF)3276 3984 w
10 R f
( routine is used by programs that)6 1310(encoding. This)1 619 2 3471 3984 t
(obtain input a character at a time and need to know when a full rune has arrived.)16 3206 1 1080 4104 t
(The following routines are analogous to the corresponding string routines with)10 3141 1 1080 4272 t
10 CW f
(utf)4246 4272 w
10 R f
(substituted for)1 575 1 4451 4272 t
10 CW f
(str)5051 4272 w
10 R f
(and)5256 4272 w
10 CW f
(rune)1080 4392 w
10 R f
(substituted for)1 575 1 1345 4392 t
10 CW f
(chr)1945 4392 w
10 R f
(.)2125 4392 w
10 I f
(Utflen)1080 4560 w
10 R f
(returns the number of runes that are represented by the)9 2180 1 1355 4560 t
9 R f
(UTF)3558 4560 w
10 R f
(string)3753 4560 w
10 I f
(s)4006 4560 w
10 R f
(.)4053 4560 w
10 I f
(Utfrune)1080 4728 w
10 R f
(\()1418 4728 w
10 I f
(utfrrune)1459 4728 w
10 R f
(\) returns a pointer to the first \(last\) occurrence of rune)10 2169 1 1795 4728 t
10 I f
(c)3991 4728 w
10 R f
(in the)1 227 1 4062 4728 t
9 R f
(UTF)4314 4728 w
10 R f
(string)4511 4728 w
10 I f
(s)4767 4728 w
10 R f
(, or 0 if)3 303 1 4814 4728 t
10 I f
(c)5145 4728 w
10 R f
(does)5217 4728 w
( NUL character terminating a string is considered to be part of the string)13 2886( The)1 205(not occur in the string.)4 902 3 1080 4848 t
10 I f
(s)5098 4848 w
10 R f
(.)5145 4848 w
10 I f
(Utfutf)1080 5016 w
10 R f
(returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the)8 1838 1 1343 5016 t
9 R f
(UTF)3208 5016 w
10 R f
(string)3407 5016 w
10 I f
(s2)3664 5016 w
10 R f
(as a)1 156 1 3782 5016 t
9 R f
(UTF)3965 5016 w
10 R f
(substring of)1 479 1 4164 5016 t
10 I f
(s1)4672 5016 w
10 R f
( is)1 97(, or 0 if there)4 534 2 4769 5016 t
(none. If)1 335 1 1080 5136 t
10 I f
(s2)1440 5136 w
10 R f
(is the null string,)3 673 1 1554 5136 t
10 I f
(utfutf)2252 5136 w
10 R f
(returns)2489 5136 w
10 I f
(s1)2791 5136 w
10 R f
(.)2888 5136 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5304 t
10 I f
(utf)1080 5424 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)1194 5424 w
10 I f
(tcs)1360 5424 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1479 5424 w
( 272)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( SEEK)1 4150(SEEK \( 2 \))3 390 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(seek)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1282 1080 w
10 R f
(change file offset)2 692 1 1372 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(long seek\(int fd, long n, int type\))6 2100 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Seek)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(sets the offset for the file associated with)7 1633 1 1287 1656 t
10 I f
(fd)2945 1656 w
10 R f
(as follows:)1 436 1 3048 1656 t
(If)1440 1824 w
10 I f
(type)1531 1824 w
10 R f
(is 0, the offset is set to)6 897 1 1722 1824 t
10 I f
(n)2644 1824 w
10 R f
(bytes.)2719 1824 w
(If)1440 1992 w
10 I f
(type)1531 1992 w
10 R f
(is 1, the pointer is set to its current location plus)10 1919 1 1722 1992 t
10 I f
(n)3666 1992 w
10 R f
(.)3724 1992 w
(If)1440 2160 w
10 I f
(type)1531 2160 w
10 R f
(is 2, the pointer is set to the size of the file plus)12 1885 1 1722 2160 t
10 I f
(n)3632 2160 w
10 R f
(.)3690 2160 w
(The new file offset value is returned.)6 1471 1 1080 2328 t
( beyond the end of a file, then writing, creates a gap, or `hole,' that occupies no physical space)18 3859(Seeking far)1 461 2 1080 2496 t
(and reads as zeros.)3 747 1 1080 2616 t
(Seeking in a directory is not allowed.)6 1490 1 1080 2784 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2952 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 3072 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1283 3072 w
10 I f
(open)1449 3072 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1651 3072 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 3240 t
10 R f
(Sets)1080 3360 w
10 I f
(errstr.)1272 3360 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 273)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( SEGATTACH)1 3806(SEGATTACH \( 2 \))3 734 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(segattach, segdetach, segfree)2 1151 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2256 1080 w
10 R f
(map/unmap a segment in virtual memory)5 1646 1 2346 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
( attr, char *class, void *va, ulong len\))7 2400(int segattach\(int)1 1140 2 1080 1368 t
( *addr\))1 420(int segdetach\(void)1 1200 2 1080 1536 t
( *va, ulong len\))3 960(int segfree\(void)1 1080 2 1080 1704 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 I f
(Segattach)1080 1992 w
10 R f
( are)1 151( Segments)1 444( address space.)2 605(creates a new memory segment and adds it to the calling process's)11 2697 4 1503 1992 t
( classes)1 314( Segment)1 412(identified by system\255dependent classes.)3 1617 3 1080 2112 t
10 CW f
(memory)3460 2112 w
10 R f
(\(plain memory\) and)2 817 1 3857 2112 t
10 CW f
(shared)4711 2112 w
10 R f
(\(shared)5107 2112 w
(memory\) should be available on all systems.)6 1779 1 1080 2232 t
( a)1 88(Shared segments are inherited by the children of the attaching process and remain untouched across)14 4232 2 1080 2400 t
10 I f
(fork)1080 2520 w
10 R f
(\(2\). An)1 316 1 1249 2520 t
10 I f
(exec)1593 2520 w
10 R f
( a shared segment if it overlaps the segments in the file being)12 2465(\(2\) will release)2 604 2 1777 2520 t
10 I f
(exec'ed)4873 2520 w
10 R f
(; oth\255)1 216 1 5184 2520 t
(erwise the segment will be inherited.)5 1470 1 1080 2640 t
( a segment class)3 658(Some machines provide)2 966 2 1080 2808 t
10 CW f
(lock)2733 2808 w
10 R f
( segments allow access to special lock hardware pro\255)8 2143(. Lock)1 284 2 2973 2808 t
(vided by some multiprocessors, in particular the SGI Power Series machines.)10 3085 1 1080 2928 t
( special hardware devices like frame buffers through the)8 2307(Systems may also provide interfaces to)5 1597 2 1080 3096 t
10 I f
(segattach)5017 3096 w
10 R f
( memory mapped by this method is typically uncached by default.)10 2639(interface. Device)1 705 2 1080 3216 t
(If the specified)2 598 1 1080 3384 t
10 I f
(class)1703 3384 w
10 R f
(is unknown,)1 489 1 1928 3384 t
10 I f
(segattach)2442 3384 w
10 R f
(draws an error.)2 600 1 2850 3384 t
10 I f
(Attr)1080 3552 w
10 R f
( only attribute implemented on all classes of segment is)9 2326( The)1 217( segment's attributes.)2 876(specifies the new)2 709 4 1272 3552 t
10 CW f
(SG_RONLY)1080 3672 w
10 R f
( devices may implement attributes to)5 1499( Specific)1 382( the segment.)2 540(, which allows only read access on)6 1419 4 1560 3672 t
(control caching and allocation, but these will vary between devices.)9 2703 1 1080 3792 t
10 I f
(Va)1080 3960 w
10 R f
(and)1222 3960 w
10 I f
(len)1397 3960 w
10 R f
( position of the segment in the process's address space.)9 2265(specify the)1 441 2 1550 3960 t
10 I f
(Va)4313 3960 w
10 R f
(is rounded down to the)4 944 1 4456 3960 t
(nearest page boundary and)3 1066 1 1080 4080 t
10 I f
(va)2171 4080 w
10 CW f
(+)2273 4080 w
10 I f
(len)2341 4080 w
10 R f
( system does not permit segments to overlap.)7 1799( The)1 205(is rounded up.)2 569 3 2488 4080 t
10 I f
(Segdetach)1080 4248 w
10 R f
( by the segment is freed.)5 991(removes a segment from a process's address space. Memory used)9 2639 2 1517 4248 t
10 I f
(Addr)5200 4248 w
10 R f
(may be any address within the bounds of the segment.)9 2164 1 1080 4368 t
(The system will not permit the text and stack segments to be detached from the address space.)16 3758 1 1080 4536 t
10 I f
(Segfree)1080 4704 w
10 R f
( segment's memory to be freed.)5 1274(allows specific areas of a)4 1006 2 1405 4704 t
10 I f
(Va)3737 4704 w
10 R f
(and)3875 4704 w
10 I f
(len)4046 4704 w
10 R f
(are interpreted as in)3 795 1 4195 4704 t
10 I f
(segattach)5017 4704 w
10 R f
(but need not refer to the entire segment.)7 1591 1 1080 4824 t
( Read)1 264( be attached, the following algorithm is reliable.)7 1980(To select a virtual address to which a segment can)9 2076 3 1080 4992 t
(the)1080 5112 w
10 CW f
(segment)1234 5112 w
10 R f
(file of the current process \(see)5 1239 1 1686 5112 t
10 I f
(proc)2957 5112 w
10 R f
( the)1 153( Subtract)1 389( segment.)1 389(\(3\)\) to find the base of the stack)7 1321 4 3148 5112 t
(size of the new segment and use that address.)8 1810 1 1080 5232 t
( following method can)3 905( The)1 206(The MIPS R2000 and R3000 have no hardware instructions to implement locks.)11 3209 3 1080 5400 t
( try to)2 245( First,)1 262( them from software.)3 846(be used to build)3 648 4 1080 5520 t
10 I f
(segattach)3109 5520 w
10 R f
(a segment of class)3 738 1 3520 5520 t
10 CW f
(lock)4286 5520 w
10 R f
( this succeeds, the)3 730(. If)1 144 2 4526 5520 t
( 4096\255byte page has 64)4 970( Each)1 260( Power Series and the memory contains hardware locks.)8 2325(machine is an SGI)3 765 4 1080 5640 t
10 CW f
(long)1080 5760 w
10 R f
( read; the low bit of the)6 938(words at its beginning; each word implements a test\255and\255set semaphore when)10 3115 2 1347 5760 t
( the)1 152( If)1 121(word is zero on success, one on failure.)7 1599 3 1080 5880 t
10 I f
(segattach)2982 5880 w
10 R f
(fails, there is no hardware support but the operat\255)8 2005 1 3395 5880 t
(ing system helps: Any)3 910 1 1080 6000 t
10 CW f
(COP3)2021 6000 w
10 R f
( In)1 138( the kernel and interpreted as a test\255and\255set.)7 1769(instruction will be trapped by)4 1201 3 2292 6000 t
(the trap,)1 334 1 1080 6120 t
10 CW f
(R1)1446 6120 w
10 R f
(points to a)2 431 1 1598 6120 t
10 CW f
(long)2061 6120 w
10 R f
(; on return,)2 455 1 2301 6120 t
10 CW f
(R1)2788 6120 w
10 R f
( The)1 212(is greater or equal zero on success, negative on failure.)9 2248 2 2940 6120 t
(following assembly language implements such a test\255and\255set.)6 2450 1 1080 6240 t
10 CW f
(/*)1440 6408 w
( test and set)3 780(* MIPS)1 580 2 1500 6528 t
(*/)1500 6648 w
( $0)1 180(TEXT tas\(SB\),)1 880 2 1840 6768 t
(btas:)1440 6888 w
( R1)1 180(MOVW sema+0\(FP\),)1 1060 2 1840 7008 t
( 1\(R1\))1 360(MOVB R0,)1 580 2 1840 7128 t
( NOP */)2 420( /*)1 320( R0, R0)2 420(NOR R0,)1 580 4 1840 7248 t
10 R f
( 274)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( SEGATTACH)1 3806(SEGATTACH \( 2 \))3 734 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
( MFC3 R0, R0 */)4 900( /*)1 320(WORD $\(023<<26\))1 1000 3 1840 960 t
( btas)1 300(BLTZ R1,)1 580 2 1840 1080 t
(RET)1840 1200 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1368 t
10 I f
(segbrk)1080 1488 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1354 1488 w
10 I f
(segflush)1520 1488 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1856 1488 w
10 CW f
(/proc/*/segment)1080 1608 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 1776 t
10 R f
(These functions set)2 771 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(errstr.)1876 1896 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 275)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( SEGBRK)1 4005(SEGBRK \( 2 \))3 535 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(segbrk)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1371 1080 w
10 R f
(change memory allocation)2 1059 1 1461 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
( *saddr, void *addr\))3 1200(int segbrk\(void)1 1020 2 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Segbrk)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( unused location of a segment to)6 1353(sets the system's idea of the lowest)6 1458 2 1391 1656 t
10 I f
(addr)4237 1656 w
10 R f
(rounded up to the next)4 939 1 4461 1656 t
( segment is identified by)4 1023( The)1 215(multiple of 4 bytes.)3 808 3 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(saddr)3161 1776 w
10 R f
( seg\255)1 200(which may be any valid address within the)7 1776 2 3424 1776 t
(ment.)1080 1896 w
(A call to)2 344 1 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(segbrk)1449 2064 w
10 R f
(with a zero)2 443 1 1740 2064 t
10 I f
(addr)2208 2064 w
10 R f
(argument returns the address of the top of bss.)8 1844 1 2422 2064 t
( prevent segments from overlapping and will not allow the text and data segment lengths to)15 3679(The system will)2 641 2 1080 2232 t
(be altered.)1 415 1 1080 2352 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2520 t
10 I f
(segattach)1080 2640 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1471 2640 w
10 I f
(segflush)1637 2640 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1973 2640 w
10 CW f
(/proc/*/segment)1080 2760 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2928 t
10 R f
(Sets)1080 3048 w
10 I f
(errstr.)1272 3048 w
10 R f
( 276)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( SEGFLUSH)1 3894(SEGFLUSH \( 2 \))3 646 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(segflush \255 flush segment memory cache)5 1583 1 1080 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
( *va, ulong len\))3 960(int segflush\(void)1 1140 2 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Segflush)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( subsequent new)2 678( All)1 187(flushes the instruction cache associated with pages contained in a segment.)10 3082 3 1453 1656 t
(pages in the segment will also be flushed when first referenced.)10 2536 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(Va)1080 1944 w
10 R f
( address within the segment to be flushed; it is rounded down to the nearest page boundary.)16 3776(is an)1 193 2 1223 1944 t
10 I f
(Len)5250 1944 w
10 R f
(specifies the length in bytes of the memory to flush;)9 2079 1 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(va)3184 2064 w
10 CW f
(+)3286 2064 w
10 I f
(len)3354 2064 w
10 R f
(is rounded up to the nearest page boundary.)7 1741 1 3501 2064 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2232 t
10 I f
(segattach)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1471 2352 w
10 I f
(segbrk)1637 2352 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1911 2352 w
10 CW f
(/proc/*/segment)1080 2472 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2640 t
10 R f
(Sets)1080 2760 w
10 I f
(errstr.)1272 2760 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 277)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( SETJMP)1 4038(SETJMP \( 2 \))3 502 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(setjmp, longjmp, notejmp)2 1029 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2134 1080 w
10 R f
(non\255local goto)1 580 1 2224 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
( env\))1 300(int setjmp\(jmp_buf)1 1140 2 1080 1368 t
(void longjmp\(jmp_buf env, int val\))4 2040 1 1080 1536 t
(void notejmp\(void *uregs, jump_buf env, int val\))6 2880 1 1080 1704 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 R f
( a)1 77(These routines are useful for dealing with errors and interrupts encountered in a low\255level subroutine of)15 4243 2 1080 1992 t
(program.)1080 2112 w
10 I f
(Setjmp)1080 2280 w
10 R f
(saves its stack environment in)4 1199 1 1377 2280 t
10 I f
(env)2601 2280 w
10 R f
(for later use by)3 601 1 2764 2280 t
10 I f
(longjmp.)3390 2280 w
10 R f
(It returns value 0.)3 704 1 3768 2280 t
10 I f
(Longjmp)1080 2448 w
10 R f
( saved by the last call of)6 995(restores the environment)2 995 2 1465 2448 t
10 I f
(setjmp)3485 2448 w
10 R f
( then causes execution to continue as)6 1505(. It)1 141 2 3754 2448 t
(if the call of)3 491 1 1080 2568 t
10 I f
(setjmp)1598 2568 w
10 R f
(had just returned with value)4 1123 1 1886 2568 t
10 I f
(val)3035 2568 w
10 R f
( invoker of)2 440(. The)1 231 2 3165 2568 t
10 I f
(setjmp)3862 2568 w
10 R f
(must not itself have returned in)5 1251 1 4149 2568 t
( accessible data have values as of the time)8 1679( All)1 178(the interim.)1 461 3 1080 2688 t
10 I f
(longjmp)3423 2688 w
10 R f
(was called.)1 443 1 3776 2688 t
10 I f
(Notejmp)1080 2856 w
10 R f
( same as)2 340(is the)1 214 2 1444 2856 t
10 I f
(longjmp)2024 2856 w
10 R f
(except that it is to be called from within a note handler \(see)12 2380 1 2378 2856 t
10 I f
(notify)4784 2856 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\). The)1 380 1 5020 2856 t
10 I f
(uregs)1080 2976 w
10 R f
(argument should be the first argument passed to the note handler.)10 2610 1 1327 2976 t
10 I f
(Setjmp)1080 3144 w
10 R f
(and)1385 3144 w
10 I f
(longjmp)1562 3144 w
10 R f
( in)1 111( Defined)1 379(can also be used to switch stacks.)6 1382 3 1923 3144 t
10 CW f
(<u.h>)3828 3144 w
10 R f
( be)1 128(are several macros that can)4 1111 2 4161 3144 t
(used to build)2 549 1 1080 3264 t
10 CW f
(jmp_bufs)1670 3264 w
10 R f
( following code establishes a)4 1214( The)1 221(by hand.)1 360 3 2191 3264 t
10 CW f
(jmp_buf)4026 3264 w
10 R f
(that may be called by)4 914 1 4486 3264 t
10 I f
(longjmp)1080 3384 w
10 R f
(to begin execution in a function)5 1268 1 1433 3384 t
10 CW f
(f)2726 3384 w
10 R f
(with 1024 bytes of stack:)4 1005 1 2811 3384 t
10 CW f
(#include <u.h>)1 840 1 1440 3552 t
(#include <libc.h>)1 1020 1 1440 3672 t
(jmp_buf label;)1 840 1 1440 3912 t
(#define NSTACK 1024)2 1140 1 1440 4032 t
(char stack[NSTACK];)1 1140 1 1440 4152 t
(void)1440 4392 w
(setlabel\(void\))1440 4512 w
({)1440 4632 w
(label[JMPBUFPC] = \(\(ulong\)f+JMPBUFDPC\);)2 2340 1 1740 4752 t
(/* \2552 leaves room for old pc and new pc in frame */)12 3060 1 1740 4872 t
(label[JMPBUFSP] = \(ulong\)\(&stack[NSTACK\2552*sizeof\(ulong*\)]\);)2 3540 1 1740 4992 t
(})1440 5112 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5280 t
10 I f
(Notejmp)1080 5400 w
10 R f
(cannot recover from an address trap or bus error \(page fault\) on the 680x0 architectures.)14 3514 1 1444 5400 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5568 t
10 I f
(notify)1080 5688 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1316 5688 w
( 278)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( SIN)1 4239(SIN \( 2 \))3 301 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2)6 1392 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2497 1080 w
10 R f
(trigonometric functions)1 941 1 2587 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(double sin\(double x\))2 1200 1 1080 1368 t
(double cos\(double x\))2 1200 1 1080 1536 t
(double tan\(double x\))2 1200 1 1080 1704 t
(double asin\(double x\))2 1260 1 1080 1872 t
(double acos\(double x\))2 1260 1 1080 2040 t
(double atan\(double x\))2 1260 1 1080 2208 t
(double atan2\(double y, double x\))4 1920 1 1080 2376 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2544 t
10 I f
(Sin, cos)1 311 1 1080 2664 t
10 R f
(and)1416 2664 w
10 I f
(tan)1585 2664 w
10 R f
( magnitude of the argument should)5 1401( The)1 206( of radian arguments.)3 851(return trigonometric functions)2 1204 4 1738 2664 t
(be checked by the caller to make sure the result is meaningful.)11 2489 1 1080 2784 t
10 I f
(Asin)1080 2952 w
10 R f
(returns the arc sine in the range)6 1252 1 1283 2952 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2560 2952 w
10 S f
(p)2625 2952 w
10 R f
(/2 to)1 181 1 2680 2952 t
10 S f
(p)2886 2952 w
10 R f
(/2.)2941 2952 w
10 I f
(Acos)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(returns the arc cosine in the range 0 to)8 1524 1 1299 3120 t
10 S f
(p)2848 3120 w
10 R f
(.)2903 3120 w
10 I f
(Atan)1080 3288 w
10 R f
(returns the arc tangent in the range)6 1385 1 1294 3288 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2704 3288 w
10 S f
(p)2769 3288 w
10 R f
(/2 to)1 181 1 2824 3288 t
10 S f
(p)3030 3288 w
10 R f
(/2.)3085 3288 w
10 I f
(Atan2)1080 3456 w
10 R f
(returns the arc tangent of)4 997 1 1344 3456 t
10 I f
(y/x)2366 3456 w
10 R f
(in the range)2 471 1 2507 3456 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3003 3456 w
10 S f
(p)3068 3456 w
10 R f
(to)3148 3456 w
10 S f
(p)3251 3456 w
10 R f
(.)3306 3456 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3624 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 3744 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1283 3744 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3912 t
10 R f
(The value of)2 504 1 1080 4032 t
10 I f
(tan)1609 4032 w
10 R f
(for arguments greater than about 2)5 1377 1 1762 4032 t
8 R f
(31)3139 3982 w
10 R f
(is garbage.)1 432 1 3244 4032 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 279)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( SINH)1 4167(SINH \( 2 \))3 373 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(sinh, cosh, tanh)2 622 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1727 1080 w
10 R f
(hyperbolic functions)1 824 1 1817 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(double sinh\(double x\))2 1260 1 1080 1368 t
(double cosh\(double x\))2 1260 1 1080 1536 t
(double tanh\(double x\))2 1260 1 1080 1704 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 R f
(These functions compute the designated hyperbolic functions for real arguments.)9 3233 1 1080 1992 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2160 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 2280 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1283 2280 w
( 280)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( SLEEP)1 4105(SLEEP \( 2 \))3 435 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(sleep, alarm)1 482 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1587 1080 w
10 R f
(delay, ask for delayed note)4 1072 1 1677 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(int sleep\(long millisecs\))2 1500 1 1080 1368 t
(long alarm\(unsigned long millisecs\))3 2100 1 1080 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Sleep)1080 1824 w
10 R f
( actual)1 272( The)1 214( for the number of milliseconds specified by the argument.)9 2422(suspends the current process)3 1163 4 1329 1824 t
( more or less than the requested time. A sleep of 0 causes the process to give)16 3074(suspension time may be a little)5 1246 2 1080 1944 t
( returns)1 302( Sleep)1 272(up the CPU if another process is ready to run.)9 1825 3 1080 2064 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3504 2064 w
10 R f
(1 if interrupted, 0 otherwise.)4 1137 1 3569 2064 t
10 I f
(Alarm)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(causes an)1 380 1 1356 2232 t
10 CW f
(alarm)1762 2232 w
10 R f
(note \(see)1 358 1 2088 2232 t
10 I f
(notify)2472 2232 w
10 R f
( millisec\255)1 377(\(2\)\) to be sent to the invoking process after the number of)11 2315 2 2708 2232 t
( calls to)2 325( Successive)1 495( by the argument.)3 720(onds given)1 444 4 1080 2352 t
10 I f
(alarm)3096 2352 w
10 R f
( zero argument clears the)4 1030( A)1 129(reset the alarm clock.)3 874 3 3367 2352 t
( return value is the amount of time previously remaining in the alarm clock.)13 3024(alarm. The)1 457 2 1080 2472 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2640 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 2760 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1283 2760 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2928 t
10 R f
(These functions set)2 771 1 1080 3048 t
10 I f
(errstr.)1876 3048 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 281)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( STAT)1 4150(STAT \( 2 \))3 390 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(stat, fstat, wstat, fwstat, dirstat, dirfstat, dirwstat, dirfwstat)7 2326 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3431 1080 w
10 R f
(get and put file status)4 855 1 3521 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(int stat\(char *name, char *edir\))4 1920 1 1080 1368 t
(int fstat\(int fd, char *edir\))4 1740 1 1080 1536 t
(int wstat\(char *name, char *edir\))4 1980 1 1080 1704 t
(int fwstat\(int fd, char *edir\))4 1800 1 1080 1872 t
(int dirstat\(char *name, Dir *dir\))4 1980 1 1080 2040 t
(int dirfstat\(int fd, Dir *dir\))4 1800 1 1080 2208 t
(int dirwstat\(char *name, Dir *dir\))4 2040 1 1080 2376 t
(int dirfwstat\(int fd, Dir *dir\))4 1860 1 1080 2544 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2712 t
10 R f
(Given a file's)2 551 1 1080 2832 t
10 I f
(name)1660 2832 w
10 R f
( descriptor)1 429(, or an open file)4 645 2 1884 2832 t
10 I f
(fd)2988 2832 w
10 R f
(, these routines retrieve or modify file status information.)8 2326 1 3074 2832 t
10 I f
(Stat)1080 2952 w
10 R f
(,)1244 2952 w
10 I f
(fstat)1306 2952 w
10 R f
(,)1487 2952 w
10 I f
(wstat)1549 2952 w
10 R f
(, and)1 206 1 1769 2952 t
10 I f
(fwstat)2012 2952 w
10 R f
(are the system calls; they deal with machine\255independent)7 2366 1 2289 2952 t
10 I f
(directory entries)1 675 1 4692 2952 t
10 R f
(.)5375 2952 w
(Their format is defined by)4 1048 1 1080 3072 t
10 I f
(stat)2153 3072 w
10 R f
(\(5\).)2306 3072 w
10 I f
(Stat)2497 3072 w
10 R f
(and)2678 3072 w
10 I f
(fstat)2847 3072 w
10 R f
(retrieve information about)2 1050 1 3045 3072 t
10 I f
(name)4121 3072 w
10 R f
(or)4363 3072 w
10 I f
(fd)4472 3072 w
10 R f
(into)4576 3072 w
10 I f
(edir)4758 3072 w
10 R f
(, a buffer of)3 473 1 4927 3072 t
(length)1080 3192 w
10 CW f
(DIRLEN)1377 3192 w
10 R f
(, defined in)2 496 1 1737 3192 t
10 CW f
(<libc.h>)2280 3192 w
10 R f
(.)2760 3192 w
10 I f
(Wstat)2857 3192 w
10 R f
(and)3132 3192 w
10 I f
(fwstat)3323 3192 w
10 R f
( file)1 179(write information back, thus changing)4 1611 2 3610 3192 t
(attributes according to)2 893 1 1080 3312 t
10 I f
(edir)1998 3312 w
10 R f
(.)2167 3312 w
10 I f
(Dirstat)1080 3480 w
10 R f
(,)1372 3480 w
10 I f
(dirfstat)1426 3480 w
10 R f
(,)1724 3480 w
10 I f
(dirwstat)1778 3480 w
10 R f
(, and)1 198 1 2115 3480 t
10 I f
(dirfwstat)2342 3480 w
10 R f
( counterparts, except that they operate on)6 1673(are the same as their)4 830 2 2728 3480 t
10 I f
(Dir)5261 3480 w
10 R f
(structures:)1080 3600 w
10 CW f
(typedef)1440 3768 w
(struct Dir {)2 720 1 1440 3888 t
( last element of path */)5 1440( /*)1 300(char name[NAMELEN];)1 1320 3 1740 4008 t
( owner name */)3 840(char uid[NAMELEN]; /*)2 1620 2 1740 4128 t
( group name */)3 840(char gid[NAMELEN]; /*)2 1620 2 1740 4248 t
( unique id from server */)5 1500( /*)1 900(Qid qid;)1 720 3 1740 4368 t
( permissions */)2 900( /*)1 840(long mode;)1 780 3 1740 4488 t
( last read time */)4 1080( /*)1 780(long atime;)1 840 3 1740 4608 t
( last write time */)4 1140( /*)1 780(long mtime;)1 840 3 1740 4728 t
( file length: see <u.h> */)5 1560(Length; /*)1 1620 2 1740 4848 t
( server type */)3 900( /*)1 840(short type;)1 780 3 1740 4968 t
( server subtype */)3 1080( /*)1 900(short dev;)1 720 3 1740 5088 t
(} Dir;)1 360 1 1440 5208 t
10 R f
(This structure, the)2 724 1 1080 5376 t
10 I f
(Qid)1829 5376 w
10 R f
(structure,)2004 5376 w
10 CW f
(NAMELEN)2403 5376 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 2823 5376 t
10 CW f
(DIRLEN)3042 5376 w
10 R f
(are defined in)2 548 1 3427 5376 t
10 CW f
(<libc.h>.)4000 5376 w
10 R f
(The)4566 5376 w
10 I f
(Length)4747 5376 w
10 R f
(structure)5051 5376 w
(is defined in)2 508 1 1080 5496 t
10 CW f
(<u.h>)1620 5496 w
10 R f
(.)1920 5496 w
10 I f
(Length)2002 5496 w
10 R f
(is an unnamed structure \(see)4 1164 1 2312 5496 t
10 I f
(2c)3508 5496 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\), which means that its fields are directly)7 1790 1 3610 5496 t
(accessible; if the length is known to fit in a)9 1772 1 1080 5616 t
10 CW f
(long)2884 5616 w
10 R f
(, then use)2 394 1 3124 5616 t
10 CW f
(length)3550 5616 w
10 R f
( the)1 154( If)1 123(as a field name to retrieve it.)6 1181 3 3942 5616 t
(file resides on permanent storage and is not a directory, the length returned by)13 3129 1 1080 5736 t
10 I f
(stat)4235 5736 w
10 R f
( bytes in)2 339(is the number of)3 655 2 4406 5736 t
( pipes and network con\255)4 971( files that are streams \(e.g.,)5 1085( For)1 191( directories, the length returned is zero.)6 1575( For)1 191(the file.)1 307 6 1080 5856 t
(nections\), the length is the number of bytes that can be read without blocking.)13 3110 1 1080 5976 t
(Each file is the responsibility of some)6 1558 1 1080 6144 t
10 I f
(server)2671 6144 w
10 R f
( a user process.)3 636(: it could be a file server, a kernel device, or)10 1836 2 2928 6144 t
10 CW f
(Type)1080 6264 w
10 R f
(identifies the server type, and)4 1234 1 1359 6264 t
10 CW f
(dev)2632 6264 w
10 R f
(says which of a group of servers of the same type is the one)13 2550 1 2850 6264 t
(responsible for this file.)3 985 1 1080 6384 t
10 CW f
(Qid)2127 6384 w
10 R f
(is a structure containing)3 993 1 2344 6384 t
10 I f
(path)3375 6384 w
10 R f
(and)3591 6384 w
10 I f
(vers)3773 6384 w
10 R f
(fields, each an)2 599 1 3977 6384 t
10 CW f
(unsigned long)1 758 1 4614 6384 t
10 R f
(:)5372 6384 w
10 I f
(path)1080 6504 w
10 R f
( among all path names currently on the file server, and)10 2256(is guaranteed to be unique)4 1084 2 1292 6504 t
10 I f
(vers)4665 6504 w
10 R f
(changes each)1 536 1 4864 6504 t
( if two files have the same)6 1048( Thus,)1 275(time the file is modified.)4 986 3 1080 6624 t
10 CW f
(type)3414 6624 w
10 R f
(,)3654 6624 w
10 CW f
(dev)3704 6624 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 3884 6624 t
10 CW f
(qid)4103 6624 w
10 R f
(they are the same file.)4 878 1 4308 6624 t
(The bits in)2 428 1 1080 6792 t
10 CW f
(mode)1533 6792 w
10 R f
(are defined by)2 570 1 1798 6792 t
10 CW f
(0x80000000)1380 6960 w
10 R f
(directory)2160 6960 w
10 CW f
(0x40000000)1380 7080 w
10 R f
(append only)1 491 1 2160 7080 t
10 CW f
(0x20000000)1380 7200 w
10 R f
(exclusive use \(locked\))2 892 1 2160 7200 t
( 282)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( STAT)1 4150(STAT \( 2 \))3 390 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(0400)1740 960 w
10 R f
(read permission by owner)3 1034 1 2160 960 t
10 CW f
(0200)1740 1080 w
10 R f
(write permission by owner)3 1068 1 2160 1080 t
10 CW f
(0100)1740 1200 w
10 R f
(execute permission \(search on directory\) by owner)6 2022 1 2160 1200 t
10 CW f
(0070)1740 1320 w
10 R f
(read, write, execute \(search\) by group)5 1508 1 2160 1320 t
10 CW f
(0007)1740 1440 w
10 R f
(read, write, execute \(search\) by others)5 1519 1 2160 1440 t
(There are constants defined in)4 1238 1 1080 1608 t
10 CW f
(<libc.h>)2352 1608 w
10 R f
(for these bits:)2 562 1 2866 1608 t
10 CW f
(CHDIR)3462 1608 w
10 R f
(,)3762 1608 w
10 CW f
(CHAPPEND)3821 1608 w
10 R f
(, and)1 203 1 4301 1608 t
10 CW f
(CHEXCL)4538 1608 w
10 R f
( first)1 196(for the)1 272 2 4932 1608 t
(three; and)1 396 1 1080 1728 t
10 CW f
(CHREAD)1501 1728 w
10 R f
(,)1861 1728 w
10 CW f
(CHWRITE)1911 1728 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 2331 1728 t
10 CW f
(CHEXEC)2550 1728 w
10 R f
(for the read, write, and execute bits for others.)8 1842 1 2935 1728 t
( in seconds since the epoch \(Jan 1 00:00 1970 local time\).)11 2363(The two time fields are measured)5 1353 2 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(Mtime)4851 1896 w
10 R f
(is the)1 219 1 5181 1896 t
( Similarly,)1 455(time of the last change of content.)6 1398 2 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(atime)2964 2016 w
10 R f
(is set whenever the contents are accessed; also, it is)9 2105 1 3295 2016 t
(set whenever)1 523 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(mtime)1628 2136 w
10 R f
(is set.)1 228 1 1897 2136 t
10 CW f
(Uid)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(and)1292 2304 w
10 CW f
(gid)1468 2304 w
10 R f
( is)1 100( are also users, but each server)6 1257( Groups)1 351(are the names of the owner and group of the file.)10 2012 4 1680 2304 t
( with any user name)4 820(free to associate a list of users)6 1227 2 1080 2424 t
10 I f
(g)3156 2424 w
10 R f
(, and that list is the set of users in the group)11 1782 1 3214 2424 t
10 I f
(g)5025 2424 w
10 R f
(. When)1 317 1 5083 2424 t
( made to a server, the user string in the process group is communicated to the server.)16 3409(an initial attachment is)3 911 2 1080 2544 t
( for any given file access, whether the accessing process is the owner or in the)15 3324(Thus, the server knows,)3 996 2 1080 2664 t
( selects which sets of three bits in)7 1340( This)1 228(group of the file.)3 671 3 1080 2784 t
10 CW f
(mode)3344 2784 w
10 R f
(is used to check permissions.)4 1163 1 3609 2784 t
( the)1 156(Only some of the fields may be changed with)8 1878 2 1080 2952 t
10 I f
(wstat)3148 2952 w
10 R f
(calls. The)1 422 1 3394 2952 t
10 I f
(name)3850 2952 w
10 R f
(can be changed by anyone with)5 1300 1 4100 2952 t
( The)1 208(write permission in the parent directory.)5 1618 2 1080 3072 t
10 I f
(mode)2934 3072 w
10 R f
( owner or the group leader of the)7 1324(can be changed by the)4 898 2 3178 3072 t
( The)1 208(file's current group.)2 799 2 1080 3192 t
10 I f
(gid)2115 3192 w
10 R f
( The)1 208(can be changed by the owner if he or she is a member of the new group.)16 2921 2 2271 3192 t
10 I f
(gid)1080 3312 w
10 R f
( the leader of the new)5 921(can be changed by the group leader of the file's current group if he or she is)16 3233 2 1246 3312 t
(group. \(See)1 485 1 1080 3432 t
10 I f
(intro)1590 3432 w
10 R f
(\(5\) for permission information, and)4 1412 1 1793 3432 t
10 I f
(users)3230 3432 w
10 R f
(\(6\) for user and group information\).)5 1430 1 3449 3432 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3600 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 3720 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1283 3720 w
10 I f
(fcall)1449 3720 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1635 3720 w
10 I f
(dirread)1801 3720 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2109 3720 w
10 I f
(stat)2275 3720 w
10 R f
(\(5\))2428 3720 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 283)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( STRCAT)1 4016(STRCAT \( 2 \))3 524 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, strdup,)13 4320 1 1080 1080 t
(strstr)1080 1200 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1305 1200 w
10 R f
(string operations)1 669 1 1395 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(char* strcat\(char *s1, char *s2\))4 1920 1 1080 1488 t
(char* strncat\(char *s1, char *s2, long n\))6 2460 1 1080 1656 t
( *s1, char *s2\))3 900(int strcmp\(char)1 1020 2 1080 1824 t
( *s1, char *s2, long n\))5 1380(int strncmp\(char)1 1080 2 1080 1992 t
(char* strcpy\(char *s1, char *s2\))4 1920 1 1080 2160 t
(char* strncpy\(char *s1, char *s2, long n\))6 2460 1 1080 2328 t
( *s\))1 240(long strlen\(char)1 1020 2 1080 2496 t
(char* strchr\(char *s, char c\))4 1740 1 1080 2664 t
(char* strrchr\(char *s, char c\))4 1800 1 1080 2832 t
(char* strpbrk\(char *s1, char *s2\))4 1980 1 1080 3000 t
( *s1, char *s2\))3 900(long strspn\(char)1 1020 2 1080 3168 t
( *s1, char *s2\))3 900(long strcspn\(char)1 1080 2 1080 3336 t
(char* strtok\(char *s1, char *s2\))4 1920 1 1080 3504 t
(char* strdup\(char *s\))2 1260 1 1080 3672 t
(char* strstr\(char *s1, char *s2\))4 1920 1 1080 3840 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 4008 t
10 R f
(The arguments)1 612 1 1080 4128 t
10 I f
(s1, s2)1 244 1 1733 4128 t
10 R f
(and)2018 4128 w
10 I f
(s)2204 4128 w
10 R f
( functions)1 414( The)1 222(point to null\255terminated strings.)3 1318 3 2285 4128 t
10 I f
(strcat)4281 4128 w
10 R f
(,)4517 4128 w
10 I f
(strncat)4584 4128 w
10 R f
(,)4870 4128 w
10 I f
(strcpy)4937 4128 w
10 R f
(, and)1 211 1 5189 4128 t
10 I f
(strncpy)1080 4248 w
10 R f
(all alter)1 302 1 1399 4248 t
10 I f
(s1)1726 4248 w
10 R f
( functions do not check for overflow of the array pointed to by)12 2495(. These)1 313 2 1823 4248 t
10 I f
(s1)4656 4248 w
10 R f
(.)4753 4248 w
10 I f
(Strcat)1080 4416 w
10 R f
(appends a copy of string)4 988 1 1347 4416 t
10 I f
(s2)2363 4416 w
10 R f
( of string)2 369(to the end)2 400 2 2480 4416 t
10 I f
(s1)3278 4416 w
10 R f
(.)3375 4416 w
10 I f
(Strncat)3454 4416 w
10 R f
(appends at most)2 652 1 3772 4416 t
10 I f
(n)4453 4416 w
10 R f
( returns a)2 379(bytes. Each)1 489 2 4532 4416 t
(pointer to the null\255terminated result.)4 1446 1 1080 4536 t
10 I f
(Strcmp)1080 4704 w
10 R f
( less than, equal to, or greater than 0, according as)10 2038(compares its arguments and returns an integer)6 1853 2 1391 4704 t
10 I f
(s1)5311 4704 w
10 R f
(is lexicographically less than, equal to, or greater than)8 2189 1 1080 4824 t
10 I f
(s2)3298 4824 w
10 R f
(.)3395 4824 w
10 I f
(Strncmp)3474 4824 w
10 R f
(makes the same comparison but exam\255)5 1565 1 3835 4824 t
(ines at most)2 478 1 1080 4944 t
10 I f
(n)1583 4944 w
10 R f
( comparisons are made with unsigned bytes.)6 1767(bytes. The)1 441 2 1658 4944 t
10 I f
(Strcpy)1080 5112 w
10 R f
(copies string)1 513 1 1365 5112 t
10 I f
(s2)1908 5112 w
10 R f
(to)2027 5112 w
10 I f
(s1)2135 5112 w
10 R f
(, stopping after the null byte has been copied.)8 1854 1 2232 5112 t
10 I f
(Strncpy)4142 5112 w
10 R f
(copies exactly)1 574 1 4478 5112 t
10 I f
(n)5083 5112 w
10 R f
(bytes,)5164 5112 w
(truncating)1080 5232 w
10 I f
(s2)1515 5232 w
10 R f
(or adding null bytes to)4 916 1 1633 5232 t
10 I f
(s1)2578 5232 w
10 R f
( result will not be null\255terminated if the length of)9 1993( The)1 209(if necessary.)1 502 3 2696 5232 t
10 I f
(s2)1080 5352 w
10 R f
(is)1194 5352 w
10 I f
(n)1286 5352 w
10 R f
( function returns)2 660( Each)1 249(or more.)1 338 3 1361 5352 t
10 I f
(s1)2633 5352 w
10 R f
(.)2730 5352 w
10 I f
(Strlen)1080 5520 w
10 R f
(returns the number of bytes in)5 1201 1 1344 5520 t
10 I f
(s)2570 5520 w
10 R f
(, not including the terminating null byte.)6 1617 1 2617 5520 t
10 I f
(Strchr)1080 5688 w
10 R f
(\()1359 5688 w
10 I f
(strrchr)1400 5688 w
10 R f
(\) returns a pointer to the first \(last\) occurrence of byte)10 2184 1 1686 5688 t
10 I f
(c)3899 5688 w
10 R f
(in string)1 336 1 3972 5688 t
10 I f
(s)4338 5688 w
10 R f
(, or)1 138 1 4385 5688 t
10 CW f
(0)4553 5688 w
10 R f
(if)4643 5688 w
10 I f
(c)4734 5688 w
10 R f
(does not occur)2 592 1 4808 5688 t
( null byte terminating a string is considered to be part of the string.)13 2670( The)1 205(in the string.)2 503 3 1080 5808 t
10 I f
(Strpbrk)1080 5976 w
10 R f
(returns a pointer to the first occurrence in string)8 1923 1 1407 5976 t
10 I f
(s1)3357 5976 w
10 R f
(of any byte from string)4 933 1 3473 5976 t
10 I f
(s2)4434 5976 w
10 R f
(,)4531 5976 w
10 CW f
(0)4584 5976 w
10 R f
(if no byte from)3 611 1 4672 5976 t
10 I f
(s2)5311 5976 w
10 R f
(exists in)1 331 1 1080 6096 t
10 I f
(s1)1436 6096 w
10 R f
(.)1533 6096 w
10 I f
(Strspn)1080 6264 w
10 R f
(\()1366 6264 w
10 I f
(strcspn)1407 6264 w
10 R f
( string)1 259(\) returns the length of the initial segment of)8 1777 2 1704 6264 t
10 I f
(s1)3771 6264 w
10 R f
(which consists entirely of bytes from)5 1509 1 3891 6264 t
(\(not from\) string)2 666 1 1080 6384 t
10 I f
(s2)1771 6384 w
10 R f
(.)1868 6384 w
10 I f
(Strtok)1080 6552 w
10 R f
(considers the string)2 781 1 1345 6552 t
10 I f
(s1)2153 6552 w
10 R f
(to consist of a sequence of zero or more text tokens separated by spans of one)15 3131 1 2269 6552 t
(or more bytes from the separator string)6 1582 1 1080 6672 t
10 I f
(s2)2691 6672 w
10 R f
( call, with pointer)3 714( first)1 190(. The)1 234 3 2788 6672 t
10 I f
(s1)3954 6672 w
10 R f
(specified, returns a pointer to the)5 1329 1 4071 6672 t
( and will have written a null byte into)8 1587(first byte of the first token,)5 1121 2 1080 6792 t
10 I f
(s1)3824 6792 w
10 R f
(immediately following the returned)3 1451 1 3949 6792 t
( the string between separate calls; subsequent calls, signi\255)8 2323( function keeps track of its position in)7 1541(token. The)1 456 3 1080 6912 t
(fied by)1 284 1 1080 7032 t
10 I f
(s1)1393 7032 w
10 R f
(being)1511 7032 w
10 CW f
(0)1762 7032 w
10 R f
(, will work through the string)5 1192 1 1822 7032 t
10 I f
(s1)3043 7032 w
10 R f
( separator string)2 653( The)1 210(immediately following that token.)3 1376 3 3161 7032 t
10 I f
(s2)1080 7152 w
10 R f
( no token remains in)4 816( When)1 288(may be different from call to call.)6 1344 3 1194 7152 t
10 I f
(s1)3667 7152 w
10 R f
(,)3764 7152 w
10 CW f
(0)3814 7152 w
10 R f
(is returned.)1 449 1 3899 7152 t
( 284)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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311 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( STRCAT)1 4016(STRCAT \( 2 \))3 524 3 720 480 t
10 I f
(Strdup)1080 960 w
10 R f
( string)1 259(returns a pointer to a distinct copy of the null\255terminated)9 2306 2 1377 960 t
10 I f
(s)3973 960 w
10 R f
(in space obtained from)3 930 1 4043 960 t
10 I f
(malloc)5004 960 w
10 R f
(\(2\))5284 960 w
(or)1080 1080 w
10 CW f
(0)1188 1080 w
10 R f
(if no space can be obtained.)5 1108 1 1273 1080 t
10 I f
(Strstr)1080 1248 w
10 R f
(returns a pointer to the first occurrence of)7 1708 1 1335 1248 t
10 I f
(s2)3075 1248 w
10 R f
(as a substring of)3 673 1 3196 1248 t
10 I f
(s1)3901 1248 w
10 R f
( If)1 124( 0 if there is none.)5 761(, or)1 140 3 3998 1248 t
10 I f
(s2)5056 1248 w
10 R f
(is the)1 222 1 5178 1248 t
(null string,)1 434 1 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(strstr)1539 1368 w
10 R f
(returns)1776 1368 w
10 I f
(s1)2078 1368 w
10 R f
(.)2175 1368 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1536 t
10 I f
(memory)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1409 1656 w
10 I f
(rune)1575 1656 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1766 1656 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 1824 t
10 R f
(These routines know nothing about)4 1410 1 1080 1944 t
9 R f
(UTF.)2513 1944 w
10 R f
(Use the routines in)3 752 1 2756 1944 t
10 I f
(rune)3533 1944 w
10 R f
(\(2\) as appropriate.)2 728 1 3724 1944 t
(The outcome of overlapping moves varies among implementations.)7 2697 1 1080 2112 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 285)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2G \))3 212( SUBFALLOC)1 3672(SUBFALLOC \( 2G \))3 796 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(subfalloc, subffree, rdsubfontfile, wrsubfontfile, mkfont)4 2235 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3340 1080 w
10 R f
(subfont manipulation)1 853 1 3430 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <u.h>)1 840 1 1080 1368 t
(#include <libc.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1488 t
(#include <libg.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1608 t
(Subfont* subfalloc\(int n, int height, int ascent,)6 2940 1 1080 1776 t
(Fontchar *info, Bitmap *b, ulong q0, ulong q1\))7 2760 1 1620 1896 t
( *f\))1 240(void subffree\(Subfont)1 1500 2 1080 2064 t
(Subfont* rdsubfontfile\(int fd, Bitmap *b\))4 2460 1 1080 2232 t
( fd, Subfont *f\))3 960(void wrsubfontfile\(int)1 1560 2 1080 2400 t
( *f\);)1 300(Font* mkfont\(Subfont)1 1380 2 1080 2568 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2736 t
10 R f
( is composed from an array of)6 1227( font)1 190( A)1 126(Subfonts are the components of fonts that hold the character images.)10 2777 4 1080 2856 t
(subfonts; see)1 563 1 1080 2976 t
10 I f
(cachechars)1712 2976 w
10 R f
( new)1 235(\(2\). A)1 307 2 2174 2976 t
10 CW f
(Subfont)2785 2976 w
10 R f
(is allocated and initialized with)4 1421 1 3274 2976 t
10 I f
(subfalloc)4763 2976 w
10 R f
(. See)1 262 1 5138 2976 t
10 I f
(cachechars)1080 3096 w
10 R f
(\(2\) for the meaning of)4 901 1 1542 3096 t
10 I f
(n)2473 3096 w
10 R f
(,)2531 3096 w
10 I f
(height)2586 3096 w
10 R f
(,)2844 3096 w
10 I f
(ascent)2899 3096 w
10 R f
(, and)1 199 1 3162 3096 t
10 I f
(info)3391 3096 w
10 R f
( of characters in bitmap)4 966(, and the arrangement)3 879 2 3555 3096 t
10 I f
(b)1080 3216 w
10 R f
( fields of the returned)4 875(. The)1 234 2 1138 3216 t
10 CW f
(Subfont)2275 3216 w
10 R f
(structure are set to the passed arguments, and the)8 1978 1 2723 3216 t
10 CW f
(id)4729 3216 w
10 R f
(field is set to)3 523 1 4877 3216 t
( by)1 130(the identifying number used)3 1136 2 1080 3336 t
10 CW f
(/dev/bitblt)2376 3336 w
10 R f
(\(see)3066 3336 w
10 I f
(bit)3256 3336 w
10 R f
( a successful)2 514(\(3\)\). After)1 439 2 3370 3336 t
10 I f
(subfalloc)4353 3336 w
10 R f
(,)4728 3336 w
10 I f
(b)4783 3336 w
10 R f
(is attached to)2 537 1 4863 3336 t
(the subfont and is unavailable to the application; it should not be used.)12 2818 1 1080 3456 t
10 I f
(Subfalloc)3948 3456 w
10 R f
(returns 0 on failure.)3 787 1 4351 3456 t
(The)1080 3624 w
10 I f
(q0)1261 3624 w
10 R f
(and)1387 3624 w
10 I f
(q1)1557 3624 w
10 R f
( all ones, they disable cach\255)5 1113( If)1 118( of subfonts \(see below\).)4 992(arguments are used as tags in a cache)7 1494 4 1683 3624 t
(ing.)1080 3744 w
10 I f
(Subffree)1080 3912 w
10 R f
( Since)1 273( and all its associated structure including the associated bitmap.)9 2545(frees a subfont)2 587 3 1438 3912 t
10 I f
(subffree)4869 3912 w
10 R f
(calls)5217 3912 w
10 I f
(free)1080 4032 w
10 R f
(on)1260 4032 w
10 CW f
(f\255>info)1385 4032 w
10 R f
(, if)1 111 1 1805 4032 t
10 CW f
(f\255>info)1941 4032 w
10 R f
(was not allocated by)3 818 1 2386 4032 t
10 I f
(malloc)3229 4032 w
10 R f
(\(2\) it should be zeroed before calling)6 1474 1 3509 4032 t
10 I f
(subffree.)5008 4032 w
10 R f
( convention for naming subfont files is:)6 1577( The)1 205(A number of subfonts are kept in external files.)8 1888 3 1080 4200 t
10 CW f
(/lib/font/bit/)1440 4368 w
10 I f
(name)2280 4368 w
10 CW f
(/)2496 4368 w
10 I f
(class)2556 4368 w
10 CW f
(.)2756 4368 w
10 I f
(size)2816 4368 w
10 CW f
(.)2966 4368 w
10 I f
(ldepth)3026 4368 w
10 R f
(where)1080 4536 w
10 I f
(size)1350 4536 w
10 R f
( in pixels of the lower case letters \(without ascenders or descenders\).)11 2776(is approximately the height)3 1097 2 1527 4536 t
( the)1 157(If there is only one version of the subfont,)8 1766 2 1080 4656 t
10 CW f
(.)3038 4656 w
10 I f
(ldepth)3106 4656 w
10 R f
(extension is elided.)2 789 1 3391 4656 t
10 I f
(Class)4240 4656 w
10 R f
(describes the range of)3 902 1 4498 4656 t
(runes encoded in the subfont:)4 1176 1 1080 4776 t
10 CW f
(ascii)2281 4776 w
10 R f
(,)2581 4776 w
10 CW f
(latin1)2631 4776 w
10 R f
(,)2991 4776 w
10 CW f
(greek)3041 4776 w
10 R f
(, etc.)1 191 1 3341 4776 t
( a subfont file is described in)6 1178(The format of)2 560 2 1080 4944 t
10 I f
(font)2847 4944 w
10 R f
( it contains a bitmap with all the characters in)9 1853(\(6\)\). Briefly,)1 536 2 3011 4944 t
(it, followed by a subfont header, followed by character information.)9 2729 1 1080 5064 t
10 I f
(Rdsubfontfile)3861 5064 w
10 R f
(reads a subfont from the)4 978 1 4422 5064 t
(file descriptor)1 563 1 1080 5184 t
10 I f
(fd.)1674 5184 w
10 R f
(If)1808 5184 w
10 I f
(b)1905 5184 w
10 R f
(is zero,)1 295 1 1987 5184 t
10 I f
(rdsubfontfile)2314 5184 w
10 R f
(reads the bitmap as well as the character information from the)10 2542 1 2858 5184 t
( to be cached in the server for sharing with other applica\255)11 2357(file and allows the resulting subfont and bitmap)7 1963 2 1080 5304 t
( first thing such an)4 752(tions. The)1 427 2 1080 5424 t
10 I f
(rdsubfontfile)2286 5424 w
10 R f
( see if the subfont can be recovered directly)8 1763(call does is check to)4 812 2 2825 5424 t
( if the qid \(see)4 575(from the server:)2 641 2 1080 5544 t
10 I f
(intro)2322 5544 w
10 R f
(\(5\)\) of the file pointed to by)6 1121 1 2525 5544 t
10 I f
(fd)3672 5544 w
10 R f
(matches)3776 5544 w
10 CW f
(q0)4129 5544 w
10 R f
(and)4275 5544 w
10 CW f
(q1)4445 5544 w
10 R f
(of a cache entry, the)4 809 1 4591 5544 t
(subfont is read from the server instead of from)8 1857 1 1080 5664 t
10 I f
(fd.)2962 5664 w
10 R f
(This is the normal use of)5 991 1 3090 5664 t
10 I f
(rdsubfontfile.)4106 5664 w
10 R f
( to)1 116(Unusual applications such as font editors may choose to have uncached \(hence unshared\) subfonts or)14 4204 2 1080 5832 t
( the)1 178( If)1 147(associate arbitrary bitmaps with the character data.)6 2211 3 1080 5952 t
10 I f
(b)3672 5952 w
10 R f
(argument to)1 511 1 3778 5952 t
10 I f
(rdsubfontfile)4345 5952 w
10 R f
(is non\255null,)1 487 1 4913 5952 t
10 I f
(rdsubfontfile)1080 6072 w
10 R f
(reads only the character information from)5 1670 1 1618 6072 t
10 I f
(fd)3314 6072 w
10 R f
(\(which must be positioned after the bitmap in the)8 1981 1 3419 6072 t
( Nonetheless,)1 566( the resulting subfont is uncached.)5 1380(file\) and)1 339 3 1080 6192 t
10 I f
(rdsubfontfile)3393 6192 w
10 R f
(calls)3933 6192 w
10 I f
(subfalloc)4144 6192 w
10 R f
(with)4539 6192 w
10 I f
(b)4745 6192 w
10 R f
(and hence)1 404 1 4823 6192 t
10 I f
(b)5255 6192 w
10 R f
(is)5333 6192 w
(unusable afterwards; make a copy first if necessary.)7 2066 1 1080 6312 t
10 I f
(Rdsubfontfile)3196 6312 w
10 R f
(returns 0 on error.)3 720 1 3755 6312 t
10 I f
(Wrsubfontfile)1080 6480 w
10 R f
(writes on)1 376 1 1657 6480 t
10 I f
(fd)2065 6480 w
10 R f
( the bitmap of a)4 659( Because)1 390( subfont file that comes after the bitmap.)7 1676(the part of a)3 500 4 2175 6480 t
( only uncached subfonts)3 1001(cached subfont is unavailable to the application, without extraordinary measures)9 3319 2 1080 6600 t
(may be written whole to files.)5 1193 1 1080 6720 t
10 I f
(Mkfont)1080 6888 w
10 R f
(takes as argument a)3 784 1 1388 6888 t
10 CW f
(Subfont)2197 6888 w
10 I f
(s)2642 6888 w
10 R f
( a pointer to a)4 553(and returns)1 446 2 2706 6888 t
10 CW f
(Font)3731 6888 w
10 R f
(that maps the character images in)5 1338 1 3997 6888 t
10 I f
(s)5361 6888 w
10 R f
(into the)1 303 1 1080 7008 t
10 CW f
(Runes)1408 7008 w
10 I f
(min)1733 7008 w
10 R f
(to)1908 7008 w
10 I f
(min)2011 7008 w
10 CW f
(+)2169 7008 w
10 I f
(s)2237 7008 w
10 CW f
(\255>n\2551)2284 7008 w
10 I f
(.)2592 7008 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 7176 t
10 CW f
(/lib/font/bit)1080 7296 w
10 R f
(bitmap font file tree)3 796 1 1885 7296 t
( 286)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2G \))3 212( SUBFALLOC)1 3672(SUBFALLOC \( 2G \))3 796 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 960 t
10 I f
(graphics)1080 1080 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1438 1080 w
10 I f
(balloc)1604 1080 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1862 1080 w
10 I f
(bitblt)2028 1080 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2248 1080 w
10 I f
(cachechars)2414 1080 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2876 1080 w
10 I f
(bitmap)3042 1080 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)3328 1080 w
10 I f
(font)3494 1080 w
10 R f
(\(6\))3658 1080 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 1248 t
10 R f
(All of the functions use the graphics error function \(see)9 2209 1 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(graphics)3314 1368 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\).)3672 1368 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 1536 t
10 R f
(Subfonts can contain no more than about 1300 characters.)8 2315 1 1080 1656 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 287)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2X \))3 212( SYMBOL)1 3839(SYMBOL \( 2X \))3 629 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(syminit, getsym, symbase, pc2sp, pc2line, line2addr, lookup, findlocal, getauto, findsym, localsym, global\255)11 4320 1 1080 1080 t
(sym, textsym, file2pc, fileelem, filesym, fileline, symerror)6 2331 1 1080 1200 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3436 1200 w
10 R f
(symbol table access functions)3 1190 1 3526 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(#include <bio.h>)1 960 1 1080 1488 t
(#include <mach.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1608 t
( fd, Fhdr *fp\))3 840(int syminit\(int)1 960 2 1080 1776 t
( index\))1 420(Sym *getsym\(int)1 960 2 1080 1944 t
( *nsyms\))1 480(Sym *symbase\(long)1 1080 2 1080 2112 t
( **fp, uchar *encname, char *buf, int n\))7 2400(int fileelem\(Sym)1 1020 2 1080 2280 t
( index, char *buf, int n\))5 1500(int filesym\(int)1 960 2 1080 2448 t
(long pc2sp\(ulong pc\))2 1200 1 1080 2616 t
(long pc2line\(ulong pc\))2 1320 1 1080 2784 t
(long line2addr\(ulong line, ulong basepc\))4 2400 1 1080 2952 t
( *fn, char *var, Symbol *s\))5 1620(int lookup\(char)1 960 2 1080 3120 t
( *s1, char *name, Symbol *s2\))5 1740(int findlocal\(Symbol)1 1260 2 1080 3288 t
( *s1, int off, int class, Symbol *s2\))7 2220(int getauto\(Symbol)1 1140 2 1080 3456 t
( addr, int class, Symbol *s\))5 1680(int findsym\(long)1 1020 2 1080 3624 t
( *s, int index\))3 900(int localsym\(Symbol)1 1200 2 1080 3792 t
( *s, int index\))3 900(int globalsym\(Symbol)1 1260 2 1080 3960 t
( *s, int index\))3 900(int textsym\(Symbol)1 1140 2 1080 4128 t
(long file2pc\(char *file, ulong line\))4 2160 1 1080 4296 t
(int fileline\(char *str, int n, ulong addr\))6 2520 1 1080 4464 t
( *map, int fd\))3 840(Map *newmap\(Map)1 960 2 1080 4632 t
(extern char *symerror)2 1260 1 1080 4800 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 4968 t
10 R f
( tables of an executable file or executing)7 1622(These functions provide machine\255independent access to the symbol)7 2698 2 1080 5088 t
( latter is accessible by opening the device)7 1697( The)1 211(process image.)1 599 3 1080 5208 t
10 CW f
(/proc/)3617 5208 w
10 I f
(pid)3977 5208 w
10 CW f
(/text)4105 5208 w
10 R f
(as described in)2 603 1 4435 5208 t
10 I f
(proc)5068 5208 w
10 R f
(\(3\).)5259 5208 w
(The functions are stored in library)5 1396 1 1080 5328 t
10 CW f
(libmach.a)2508 5328 w
10 R f
( loader when)2 531(; the library is automatically searched by the)7 1821 2 3048 5328 t
(header file)1 427 1 1080 5448 t
10 I f
(mach.h)1536 5448 w
10 R f
(is included in a source file.)5 1091 1 1855 5448 t
10 I f
(Mach)2999 5448 w
10 R f
(\(2\) and)1 288 1 3234 5448 t
10 I f
(object)3550 5448 w
10 R f
(\(2\) describe additional library functions)4 1598 1 3802 5448 t
(for processing symbol tables and object files.)6 1806 1 1080 5568 t
10 I f
(Syminit)1080 5736 w
10 R f
(,)1388 5736 w
10 I f
(getsym)1438 5736 w
10 R f
(,)1723 5736 w
10 I f
(symbase)1773 5736 w
10 R f
(,)2119 5736 w
10 I f
(fileelem)2169 5736 w
10 R f
(,)2493 5736 w
10 I f
(pc2sp)2544 5736 w
10 R f
(,)2785 5736 w
10 I f
(pc2line)2836 5736 w
10 R f
(, and)1 195 1 3138 5736 t
10 I f
(line2addr)3359 5736 w
10 R f
(process the symbol table contained in an)6 1626 1 3774 5736 t
(executable file or the)3 869 1 1080 5856 t
10 CW f
(text)1984 5856 w
10 R f
( symbol table is stored inter\255)5 1186( The)1 214(file associated with an executing program.)5 1741 3 2259 5856 t
(nally as an array of)4 764 1 1080 5976 t
10 CW f
(Sym)1869 5976 w
10 R f
(data structures as defined in)4 1114 1 2074 5976 t
10 I f
(a.out)3213 5976 w
10 R f
(\(6\).)3424 5976 w
10 I f
(Syminit)1080 6144 w
10 R f
( in the)2 258(uses the data)2 516 2 1408 6144 t
10 CW f
(Fhdr)2211 6144 w
10 R f
(structure filled by)2 718 1 2480 6144 t
10 I f
(crackhdr)3227 6144 w
10 R f
(\(see)3616 6144 w
10 I f
(mach)3805 6144 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) to read the raw symbol tables)6 1371 1 4029 6144 t
(from the open file descriptor)4 1142 1 1080 6264 t
10 I f
(fd)2247 6264 w
10 R f
( returns the count of the number of symbols or \2551 if an error occurs.)14 2697(. It)1 136 2 2333 6264 t
10 I f
(Getsym)1080 6432 w
10 R f
(returns the address of the)4 1003 1 1404 6432 t
10 I f
(i)2432 6432 w
10 R f
(th)2468 6432 w
10 CW f
(Sym)2571 6432 w
10 R f
(structure or zero if)3 739 1 2776 6432 t
10 I f
(index)3540 6432 w
10 R f
(is out of range.)3 599 1 3781 6432 t
10 I f
(Symbase)1080 6600 w
10 R f
(returns the address of the first)5 1239 1 1464 6600 t
10 CW f
(Sym)2738 6600 w
10 R f
( number of entries in the)5 1029( The)1 215(structure in the symbol table.)4 1203 3 2953 6600 t
(symbol table is returned in)4 1066 1 1080 6720 t
10 I f
(nsyms .)1 294 1 2171 6720 t
(Fileelem)1080 6888 w
10 R f
(converts a file name, encoded as described in)7 1848 1 1460 6888 t
10 I f
(a.out)3339 6888 w
10 R f
(\(6\), to a character string.)4 1004 1 3550 6888 t
10 I f
(Fp)4586 6888 w
10 R f
(is the base of an)4 671 1 4729 6888 t
( path index.)2 493(array of pointers to file path components ordered by)8 2183 2 1080 7008 t
10 I f
(Encname)3818 7008 w
10 R f
(is the address of an array of)6 1174 1 4226 7008 t
(encoded file path components in the form of a)8 1929 1 1080 7128 t
10 CW f
(z)3045 7128 w
10 R f
(symbol table entry.)2 793 1 3142 7128 t
10 I f
(Buf)3972 7128 w
10 R f
(and)4148 7128 w
10 I f
(n)4329 7128 w
10 R f
(specify the address of a)4 984 1 4416 7128 t
( its length.)2 428(receiving character buffer and)3 1212 2 1080 7248 t
10 I f
(Fileelem)2774 7248 w
10 R f
(returns the length of the null\255terminated string that is at)9 2248 1 3152 7248 t
( 288)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2X \))3 212( SYMBOL)1 3839(SYMBOL \( 2X \))3 629 3 720 480 t
(most)1080 960 w
10 I f
(n\2551)1300 960 w
10 R f
(bytes long.)1 439 1 1458 960 t
10 I f
(Filesym)1080 1128 w
10 R f
(is a higher\255level interface to)4 1119 1 1421 1128 t
10 I f
(fileelem)2565 1128 w
10 R f
( fills)1 181(. It)1 136 2 2889 1128 t
10 I f
(buf)3231 1128 w
10 R f
(with the name of the)4 821 1 3384 1128 t
10 I f
(i)4230 1128 w
10 R f
(th file and returns the length)5 1134 1 4266 1128 t
(of the null\255terminated string that is at most)7 1785 1 1080 1248 t
10 I f
(n\2551)2900 1248 w
10 R f
( file names are retrieved in no particular)7 1668( The)1 215(bytes long.)1 449 3 3068 1248 t
( zero is returned when)4 938( A)1 135( the next.)2 395(order, although the order of retrieval does not vary from one pass to)12 2852 4 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(index)1080 1488 w
10 R f
(is too large or too small or an error occurs during file name conversion.)13 2850 1 1321 1488 t
10 I f
(Pc2sp)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( this offset to the cur\255)5 867( Adding)1 352( offset associated with a given value of the program counter.)10 2434(returns an)1 397 4 1350 1656 t
( approach only applys to)4 1010( This)1 236(rent value of the stack pointer gives the address of the current stack frame.)13 3074 3 1080 1776 t
( use a fixed stack frame accessible through a dummy)9 2199(the 386 and 68020 architectures; other architectures)6 2121 2 1080 1896 t
(local variable defined in the symbol table.)6 1678 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(Pc2line)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(returns the line number of the statement associated with the instruction address)11 3198 1 1414 2184 t
10 I f
(pc)4642 2184 w
10 R f
( line num\255)2 421(. The)1 235 2 4744 2184 t
(ber is the absolute line number in the file as seen by the compiler after pre\255processing; the original line)18 4320 1 1080 2304 t
( history stacks contained in the symbol)6 1639(number in the source file may derived from this value using the)11 2681 2 1080 2424 t
(table.)1080 2544 w
10 I f
(Line2addr)1080 2712 w
10 R f
( first argument is the absolute line number)7 1711( The)1 208(converts a line number to an instruction address.)7 1957 3 1524 2712 t
( uniquely identify an instruction location \(every source file has line)10 2735( a line number does not)5 965( Since)1 278(in a file.)2 342 4 1080 2832 t
( this is the address of)5 861( Usually)1 365( argument specifies a text address from which the search begins.)10 2609(1\), a second)2 485 4 1080 2952 t
(the first function in the file of interest.)7 1526 1 1080 3072 t
10 I f
(Pc2sp)1080 3240 w
10 R f
(,)1332 3240 w
10 I f
(pc2line)1382 3240 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 1684 3240 t
10 I f
(line2addr)1903 3240 w
10 R f
(return)2317 3240 w
10 S1 f
(\261)2580 3240 w
10 R f
(1 in the case of an error.)6 966 1 2645 3240 t
10 I f
(Lookup)1080 3408 w
10 R f
(,)1388 3408 w
10 I f
(findlocal)1452 3408 w
10 R f
(,)1816 3408 w
10 I f
(getauto)1880 3408 w
10 R f
(,)2188 3408 w
10 I f
(findsym)2252 3408 w
10 R f
(,)2571 3408 w
10 I f
(localsym)2635 3408 w
10 R f
(,)2998 3408 w
10 I f
(globalsym)3062 3408 w
10 R f
(,)3481 3408 w
10 I f
(textsym)3545 3408 w
10 R f
(,)3852 3408 w
10 I f
(file2pc)3916 3408 w
10 R f
(, and)1 208 1 4196 3408 t
10 I f
(fileline)4443 3408 w
10 R f
(operate on data)2 639 1 4761 3408 t
( data structures occupy memory and impose a startup)8 2180( These)1 295( raw symbol table.)3 759(structures riding above the)3 1086 4 1080 3528 t
(penalty but speed retrievals and provide higher\255level access to the basic symbol table data.)13 3628 1 1080 3648 t
10 I f
(Syminit)4759 3648 w
10 R f
(must be)1 315 1 5085 3648 t
( The)1 205(called prior to invoking these functions.)5 1593 2 1080 3768 t
10 CW f
(Symbol)2903 3768 w
10 R f
(data structure:)1 568 1 3288 3768 t
10 CW f
(typedef struct {)2 960 1 1440 3936 t
( private */)2 660( /*)1 420(void *handle;)1 780 3 1980 4056 t
(struct {)1 480 1 1980 4176 t
(char *name;)1 720 1 2220 4296 t
(long value;)1 780 1 2220 4416 t
(char type;)1 720 1 2220 4536 t
(char class;)1 780 1 2220 4656 t
(};)1980 4776 w
(} Symbol;)1 540 1 1440 4896 t
10 R f
( The)1 206(describes a symbol table entry.)4 1238 2 1080 5064 t
10 CW f
(value)2550 5064 w
10 R f
(field contains the offset of the symbol within its address space:)10 2524 1 2876 5064 t
( relative to the beginning of the data segment, text beyond the start of the text segment, and)17 3682(global variables)1 638 2 1080 5184 t
( The)1 217( relative to the stack frame.)5 1146(automatic variables and parameters)3 1443 3 1080 5304 t
10 CW f
(type)3923 5304 w
10 R f
(field contains the type of the)5 1200 1 4200 5304 t
(symbol as defined in)3 860 1 1080 5424 t
10 I f
(a.out)1975 5424 w
10 R f
(\(6\). The)1 356 1 2186 5424 t
10 CW f
(class)2577 5424 w
10 R f
( class;)1 256(field assigns the symbol to a general)6 1514 2 2912 5424 t
10 CW f
(CTEXT)4716 5424 w
10 R f
(,)5016 5424 w
10 CW f
(CDATA)5075 5424 w
10 R f
(,)5375 5424 w
10 CW f
(CAUTO)1080 5544 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 1380 5544 t
10 CW f
(CPARAM)1599 5544 w
10 R f
(are the most popular.)3 843 1 1984 5544 t
10 I f
(Lookup)1080 5712 w
10 R f
(fills a)1 229 1 1409 5712 t
10 CW f
(Symbol)1667 5712 w
10 R f
( variables and functions are repre\255)5 1384( Global)1 327(structure with symbol table information.)4 1633 3 2056 5712 t
( single name; local variables and parameters are uniquely specified by a function and variable)14 3853(sented by a)2 467 2 1080 5832 t
( Arguments)1 509(name pair.)1 436 2 1080 5952 t
10 I f
(fn)2065 5952 w
10 R f
(and)2151 5952 w
10 I f
(var)2303 5952 w
10 R f
( both are)2 381( If)1 132( variable, respectively.)2 935(contain the name of a function and)6 1476 4 2476 5952 t
( only)1 211( If)1 124( is searched for a parameter or automatic variable.)8 2060(non\255zero, the symbol table)3 1092 4 1080 6072 t
10 I f
(var)4600 6072 w
10 R f
(is zero, the text)3 634 1 4766 6072 t
(symbol table is searched for function)5 1478 1 1080 6192 t
10 I f
(fn.)2583 6192 w
10 R f
(If only)1 269 1 2711 6192 t
10 I f
(fn)3005 6192 w
10 R f
(is zero, the global variable table is searched for)8 1881 1 3108 6192 t
10 I f
(var)5014 6192 w
10 R f
(.)5155 6192 w
10 I f
(Findlocal)1080 6360 w
10 R f
(fills)1495 6360 w
10 I f
(s2)1677 6360 w
10 R f
( matching)1 399(with the symbol table data of the automatic variable or parameter)10 2616 2 1792 6360 t
10 I f
(name)4834 6360 w
10 R f
(.)5058 6360 w
10 I f
(S1)5135 6360 w
10 R f
(is a)1 138 1 5262 6360 t
10 CW f
(Symbol)1080 6480 w
10 R f
(data structure describing a function or a local variable; the latter resolves to its owning function.)15 3838 1 1465 6480 t
10 I f
(Getauto)1080 6648 w
10 R f
(searches the local symbols associated with function)6 2160 1 1444 6648 t
10 I f
(s1)3647 6648 w
10 R f
(for an automatic variable or parameter)5 1621 1 3779 6648 t
(located at stack offset)3 891 1 1080 6768 t
10 I f
(off . Class)2 420 1 2004 6768 t
10 R f
(selects the class of variable:)4 1146 1 2457 6768 t
10 CW f
(CAUTO)3636 6768 w
10 R f
(or)3968 6768 w
10 CW f
(CPARAM)4083 6768 w
10 R f
(.)4443 6768 w
10 I f
(S2)4525 6768 w
10 R f
(is the address of a)4 743 1 4657 6768 t
10 CW f
(Symbol)1080 6888 w
10 R f
(data structure to receive the symbol table information of the desired symbol.)11 3051 1 1465 6888 t
10 I f
(Findsym)1080 7056 w
10 R f
(returns the symbol table entry of type)6 1570 1 1461 7056 t
10 I f
(class)3068 7056 w
10 R f
(stored near)1 452 1 3305 7056 t
10 I f
(addr)3794 7056 w
10 R f
( selected symbol is a global)5 1167(. The)1 242 2 3991 7056 t
( to and less than or equal to)7 1194(variable or function with address nearest)5 1696 2 1080 7176 t
10 I f
(addr)4009 7176 w
10 R f
( specification)1 549(. Class)1 306 2 4206 7176 t
10 CW f
(CDATA)5100 7176 w
10 R f
(searches only the global variable symbol table; class)7 2192 1 1080 7296 t
10 CW f
(CTEXT)3311 7296 w
10 R f
(limits the search to the text symbol table.)7 1749 1 3651 7296 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 289)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2X \))3 212( SYMBOL)1 3839(SYMBOL \( 2X \))3 629 3 720 480 t
(Class specification)1 752 1 1080 960 t
10 CW f
(CANY)1857 960 w
10 R f
(searches the text table first, then the global table.)8 1952 1 2122 960 t
10 I f
(Localsym)1080 1128 w
10 R f
(returns the)1 426 1 1489 1128 t
10 I f
(i)1942 1128 w
10 R f
(th local variable associated with the function indicated by)8 2318 1 1978 1128 t
10 I f
(s)4323 1128 w
10 R f
(.)4370 1128 w
10 I f
(S)4447 1128 w
10 R f
(may reference a func\255)3 876 1 4524 1128 t
( the)1 153( If)1 122( variable; the latter resolves to its owning function.)8 2082(tion or a local)3 573 4 1080 1248 t
10 I f
(i)4041 1248 w
10 R f
(th local symbol exists,)3 913 1 4077 1248 t
10 I f
(s)5021 1248 w
10 R f
(is filled)1 309 1 5091 1248 t
(with the data describing it.)4 1063 1 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(Globalsym)1080 1536 w
10 R f
(loads)1538 1536 w
10 I f
(s)1774 1536 w
10 R f
(with the symbol table information of the)6 1616 1 1838 1536 t
10 I f
(i)3479 1536 w
10 R f
(th global variable.)2 724 1 3515 1536 t
10 I f
(Textsym)1080 1704 w
10 R f
(loads)1435 1704 w
10 I f
(s)1674 1704 w
10 R f
(with the symbol table information of the)6 1634 1 1741 1704 t
10 I f
(i)3403 1704 w
10 R f
( text symbols are ordered by)5 1149( The)1 208(th text symbol.)2 604 3 3439 1704 t
(increasing address.)1 759 1 1080 1824 t
10 I f
(File2pc)1080 1992 w
10 R f
(returns a text address associated with)5 1483 1 1410 1992 t
10 I f
(line)2918 1992 w
10 R f
(in file)1 236 1 3093 1992 t
10 I f
(file)3354 1992 w
10 R f
(.)3490 1992 w
10 I f
(Fileline)1080 2160 w
10 R f
(converts text address)2 851 1 1423 2160 t
10 I f
(addr)2306 2160 w
10 R f
( null termi\255)2 466( result, a)2 355( The)1 212(to its equivalent line number in a source file.)8 1840 4 2527 2160 t
(nated character string of the form)5 1357 1 1080 2280 t
10 CW f
(file:line)2467 2280 w
10 R f
(is placed in buffer)3 738 1 3037 2280 t
10 I f
(str)3805 2280 w
10 R f
(of)3941 2280 w
10 I f
(n)4054 2280 w
10 R f
( to)1 108(bytes. Up)1 413 2 4134 2280 t
10 I f
(n\2551)4685 2280 w
10 R f
(characters are)1 553 1 4847 2280 t
(copied to the buffer.)3 809 1 1080 2400 t
(Functions)1080 2568 w
10 I f
(file2pc)1500 2568 w
10 R f
(and)1797 2568 w
10 I f
(fileline)1966 2568 w
10 R f
(may produce inaccurate results when applied to optimized code.)8 2564 1 2269 2568 t
(Unless otherwise specified, all functions return 1 on success, or 0 on error.)12 2980 1 1080 2736 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2904 t
10 I f
(mach)1080 3024 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1304 3024 w
10 I f
(object)1470 3024 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1722 3024 w
10 I f
(proc)1888 3024 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)2079 3024 w
10 I f
(a.out)2245 3024 w
10 R f
(\(6\))2456 3024 w
( 290)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( TIME)1 4156(TIME \( 2 \))3 384 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(time)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1283 1080 w
10 R f
(time in seconds since epoch)4 1115 1 1373 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(long time\(long *tp\))2 1140 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Time)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( If)1 118( number of seconds since the epoch 00:00:00 GMT, Jan. 1, 1970.)11 2627(returns the)1 425 3 1306 1656 t
10 I f
(tp)4503 1656 w
10 R f
(is not zero then)3 619 1 4608 1656 t
10 CW f
(*)5254 1656 w
10 I f
(tp)5322 1656 w
10 R f
(is also set to the answer.)5 971 1 1080 1776 t
(This function works by reading)4 1254 1 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
(/dev/time)2359 1944 w
10 I f
(,)2907 1944 w
10 R f
(opening that file when)3 896 1 2957 1944 t
10 I f
(time)3878 1944 w
10 R f
(is first called.)2 541 1 4075 1944 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2112 t
10 I f
(cons)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1271 2232 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 2400 t
10 R f
(Sets)1080 2520 w
10 I f
(errstr.)1272 2520 w
10 R f
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10 R f
( \( 2S \))3 196( TMPFILE)1 3871(TMPFILE \( 2S \))3 613 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(tmpfile, tmpnam)1 667 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1772 1080 w
10 R f
(stdio temporary files)2 827 1 1862 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <stdio.h>)1 1080 1 1080 1368 t
(FILE *tmpfile\(void\))1 1140 1 1080 1536 t
(char *tmpnam\(char *s\))2 1260 1 1080 1704 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 I f
(Tmpfile)1080 1992 w
10 R f
( will automatically be removed when the file is closed or the program)12 2851(creates a temporary file that)4 1133 2 1416 1992 t
( return value is a stdio)5 885(exits. The)1 419 2 1080 2112 t
10 CW f
(FILE*)2409 2112 w
10 R f
(opened in update mode \(see)4 1114 1 2734 2112 t
10 I f
(fopen)3873 2112 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\).)4103 2112 w
10 I f
(Tmpnam)1080 2280 w
10 R f
( as the name of an existing file.)7 1276(generates a string that is a valid file name and that is not the same)14 2666 2 1458 2280 t
(If)1080 2400 w
10 I f
(s)1174 2400 w
10 R f
(is zero, it returns a pointer to a string which may be overwritten by subsequent calls to)16 3496 1 1241 2400 t
10 I f
(tmpnam)4765 2400 w
10 R f
(. If)1 144 1 5095 2400 t
10 I f
(s)5267 2400 w
10 R f
(is)5333 2400 w
( to an array of at least)6 918(non\255zero, it should point)3 1007 2 1080 2520 t
10 CW f
(L_tmpnam)3039 2520 w
10 R f
(\(defined in)1 444 1 3553 2520 t
10 CW f
(<stdio.h>)4031 2520 w
10 R f
(\) characters, and the)3 829 1 4571 2520 t
(answer will be copied there.)4 1122 1 1080 2640 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2808 t
10 CW f
(/tmp/tf000000000000)1080 2928 w
10 R f
(template for)1 485 1 2340 2928 t
10 I f
(tmpfile)2850 2928 w
10 R f
(file names.)1 438 1 3153 2928 t
10 CW f
(/tmp/tn000000000000)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(template for)1 485 1 2340 3048 t
10 I f
(tmpnam)2850 3048 w
10 R f
(file names.)1 438 1 3197 3048 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3216 t
10 R f
(The files created by)3 807 1 1080 3336 t
10 I f
(tmpfile)1918 3336 w
10 R f
(are not removed until)3 875 1 2227 3336 t
10 I f
(exits)3133 3336 w
10 R f
(\(2\) is executed; in particular, they are not removed)8 2076 1 3324 3336 t
(on)1080 3456 w
10 I f
(fclose)1205 3456 w
10 R f
(or if the program terminates abnormally.)5 1625 1 1463 3456 t
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10 R f
( \( 2 \))3 140( WAIT)1 4140(WAIT \( 2 \))3 400 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(wait)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1277 1080 w
10 R f
(wait for a process to exit)5 984 1 1367 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(int wait\(Waitmsg *w\))2 1200 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Wait)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( child process \(see)3 737(causes a process to wait for any)6 1263 2 1294 1656 t
10 I f
(fork)3320 1656 w
10 R f
( returns the pid of a child that has)8 1345( It)1 112(\(2\)\) to exit.)2 454 3 3489 1656 t
(exited and fills in)3 709 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(w)1818 1776 w
10 R f
( information about the child.)4 1153(with more)1 412 2 1914 1776 t
10 I f
(W)3532 1776 w
10 R f
(points to a)2 423 1 3643 1776 t
10 CW f
(Waitmsg)4094 1776 w
10 R f
(, which has this struc\255)4 886 1 4514 1776 t
(ture:)1080 1896 w
10 CW f
(typedef)1440 2064 w
(struct Waitmsg)1 840 1 1440 2184 t
({)1440 2304 w
( of loved one */)4 960( /*)1 660(char pid[12];)1 780 3 1740 2424 t
( of loved one & descendants */)6 1800( /*)1 480(char time[3*12];)1 960 3 1740 2544 t
(char msg[ERRLEN];)1 1020 1 1740 2664 t
(} Waitmsg;)1 600 1 1440 2784 t
(Pid)1080 2952 w
10 R f
(is the child's)2 513 1 1286 2952 t
10 CW f
(pid)1825 2952 w
10 R f
(. The)1 231 1 2005 2952 t
10 CW f
(time)2262 2952 w
10 R f
(array contains the time the child and its descendants spent in user code,)12 2872 1 2528 2952 t
( integers in)2 448( All)1 180( real time, all in units of milliseconds.)7 1528(the time spent in system calls, and the child's elapsed)9 2164 4 1080 3072 t
(a)1080 3192 w
10 CW f
(Waitmsg)1161 3192 w
10 R f
( as right\255justified textual numbers in 11\255byte fields followed by a blank.)11 3018(are formatted)1 546 2 1618 3192 t
10 CW f
(Msg)5220 3192 w
10 R f
( the child specified in)4 860(contains the message that)3 1021 2 1080 3312 t
10 I f
(exits)2986 3312 w
10 R f
( a normal exit,)3 577(\(2\). For)1 330 2 3177 3312 t
10 CW f
(msg[0])4109 3312 w
10 R f
(is zero, otherwise)2 701 1 4494 3312 t
10 CW f
(msg)5220 3312 w
10 R f
(is prefixed by the process name, a blank, the process id, and a colon.)13 2736 1 1080 3432 t
(If there are no more children to wait for,)8 1609 1 1080 3600 t
10 I f
(wait)2714 3600 w
10 R f
(returns immediately, with return value)4 1534 1 2912 3600 t
10 S f
(-)4471 3600 w
10 R f
(1.)4526 3600 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3768 t
10 I f
(fork)1080 3888 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1249 3888 w
10 I f
(exits)1415 3888 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1606 3888 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 4056 t
10 R f
(Sets)1080 4176 w
10 I f
(errstr.)1272 4176 w
10 R f
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( INTRO)1 4095(INTRO \( 3 \))3 445 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(intro)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1294 1080 w
10 R f
(introduction to the Plan 9 devices)5 1341 1 1384 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
(A Plan 9)2 356 1 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(device)1464 1368 w
10 R f
( pound sign, such)3 712( file name beginning with a)5 1111( A)1 125(implements a file tree for client processes.)6 1706 4 1746 1368 t
(as)1080 1488 w
10 CW f
(#c)1192 1488 w
10 R f
( by a particular)3 610(, names the root of a file tree implemented)8 1726 2 1312 1488 t
10 I f
(kernel device driver)2 803 1 3676 1488 t
10 R f
(identified by the char\255)3 893 1 4507 1488 t
( For)1 192( names are usually bound to conventional locations in the name space.)11 2829( Such)1 252(acter after the pound sign.)4 1047 4 1080 1608 t
(example, after)1 570 1 1080 1728 t
10 CW f
(bind\("#c", "/dev", MREPL\))2 1500 1 1440 1848 t
10 R f
(an)1080 1968 w
10 I f
(ls)1199 1968 w
10 R f
(\(1\) of)1 224 1 1274 1968 t
10 CW f
(/dev)1523 1968 w
10 R f
(will list the files provided by the)6 1300 1 1788 1968 t
10 I f
(console)3113 1968 w
10 R f
(device.)3443 1968 w
(A kernel device driver is a)5 1080 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(server)2190 2136 w
10 R f
( 9 File Protocol, 9P \(see Section 5\), but with the)10 1982(in the sense of the Plan)5 949 2 2469 2136 t
( several of the messages \()5 1072( Also,)1 274( procedure calls.)2 676(messages implemented by local rather than remote)6 2090 4 1080 2256 t
10 I f
(Nop)5200 2256 w
10 R f
(,)5375 2256 w
10 I f
(Session)1080 2376 w
10 R f
(,)1388 2376 w
10 I f
(Flush)1438 2376 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 1674 2376 t
10 I f
(Error)1893 2376 w
10 R f
(\) have no subroutine equivalents.)4 1323 1 2129 2376 t
(When a system call is passed a file name beginning with)10 2348 1 1080 2544 t
10 CW f
(#)3462 2544 w
10 R f
(it looks at the next character, and if that is a)10 1844 1 3556 2544 t
(valid)1080 2664 w
10 I f
(device character)1 675 1 1313 2664 t
10 R f
(it performs an)2 576 1 2021 2664 t
10 I f
(attach)2630 2664 w
10 R f
( representing)1 525(\(5\) on the corresponding device to get a channel)8 1987 2 2888 2664 t
( the next)2 350( there are any characters after the device character but before)10 2447( If)1 118(the root of that device's file tree.)6 1317 4 1080 2784 t
10 CW f
(/)5340 2784 w
10 R f
(or end of string, those characters are passed as parameter)9 2270 1 1080 2904 t
10 I f
(aname)3375 2904 w
10 R f
( example,)1 388( For)1 189(to the attach.)2 513 3 3666 2904 t
10 CW f
(#Itcp)1440 3072 w
10 R f
(identifies the implementation of the TCP protocol supplied by the IP device \(see)12 3214 1 1080 3240 t
10 I f
(ip)4319 3240 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\).)4405 3240 w
( The)1 210( bound to the name space.)5 1062(Each kernel device has a conventional place at which to be)10 2389 3 1080 3408 t
10 I f
(SYNOPSIS)4771 3408 w
10 R f
(sec\255)5240 3408 w
(tions of the following pages includes a shell)7 1841 1 1080 3528 t
10 I f
(bind)2958 3528 w
10 R f
( conventional place.)2 823(command to put the device in the)6 1404 2 3173 3528 t
(Most of these binds are done automatically by)7 1845 1 1080 3648 t
10 I f
(init)2950 3648 w
10 R f
(\(8\).)3092 3648 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3816 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 3936 w
10 R f
(\(5\),)1283 3936 w
10 I f
(intro)1449 3936 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1652 3936 w
( 294)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( ARP)1 4205(ARP \( 3 \))3 335 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(arp)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1232 1080 w
10 R f
(Internet Address Resolution Protocol)3 1485 1 1322 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind)1080 1368 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1380 1368 w
10 CW f
(a #a /net/arp)2 780 1 1445 1368 t
(/net/arp/ctl)1080 1608 w
(/net/arp/data)1080 1728 w
(/net/arp/stats)1080 1848 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2016 t
10 R f
(The)1080 2136 w
10 I f
(arp)1268 2136 w
10 R f
( A)1 131( IP addresses into Ethernet addresses.)5 1542(device provides the means by which the kernel resolves)8 2287 3 1440 2136 t
(cache is maintained by the)4 1059 1 1080 2256 t
10 CW f
(arp)2164 2256 w
10 R f
(device to speed the process.)4 1111 1 2369 2256 t
(The)1080 2424 w
10 CW f
(ctl)1260 2424 w
10 R f
( The)1 206( the ARP cache maintained by the kernel.)7 1665(file controls)1 480 3 1465 2424 t
10 CW f
(flush)3842 2424 w
10 R f
(control message invalidates all)3 1232 1 4168 2424 t
( The)1 205(entries in the cache.)3 792 2 1080 2544 t
10 CW f
(delete)2102 2544 w
10 I f
(ipaddr)2487 2544 w
10 R f
(control message invalidates a single cache entry.)6 1943 1 2779 2544 t
(The)1080 2712 w
10 CW f
(data)1269 2712 w
10 R f
( first open of the)4 696( The)1 214(file provides two interfaces.)3 1141 3 1543 2712 t
10 CW f
(data)3628 2712 w
10 R f
(file connects the)2 674 1 3903 2712 t
10 CW f
(arpd)4612 2712 w
10 R f
(server to the)2 513 1 4887 2712 t
(kernel ARP cache \(see)3 914 1 1080 2832 t
10 I f
(ipconfig)2022 2832 w
10 R f
(\(8\)\).)2358 2832 w
10 CW f
(Arpd)2585 2832 w
10 R f
( address resolution requests from the kernel)6 1753(writes the results of)3 794 2 2853 2832 t
(back into the)2 530 1 1080 2952 t
10 CW f
(data)1642 2952 w
10 R f
( opens of the)3 537( Subsequent)1 518(file to prime the cache.)4 945 3 1914 2952 t
10 CW f
(data)3947 2952 w
10 R f
(file allow the contents of the)5 1180 1 4220 2952 t
( cache entry consists of an IP address, an Ethernet address and the status of the entry.)16 3398( Each)1 250(cache to be read.)3 672 3 1080 3072 t
( entries will never be aged from the cache.)8 1804( Permanent)1 491(Entries may be invalid, permanent or temporary.)6 2025 3 1080 3192 t
(Temporary entries may be replaced by new addresses entered by the ARP server.)12 3238 1 1080 3312 t
(The file)1 313 1 1080 3480 t
10 CW f
(stats)1418 3480 w
10 R f
(reports the cache performance.)3 1228 1 1743 3480 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3648 t
10 I f
(ip)1080 3768 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1166 3768 w
10 I f
(ipconfig)1332 3768 w
10 R f
(\(8\))1668 3768 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 295)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( ASYNC)1 4061(ASYNC \( 3 \))3 479 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(async)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1332 1080 w
10 R f
(framing for a serial line to Datakit)6 1364 1 1422 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(Fctlfd = open\(".../ctl", ORDWR\);)3 1920 1 1080 1368 t
(Fwrite\(ctlfd, "push async", 10\);)3 1920 1 1080 1488 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 R f
( a)1 80(This is not a device, but rather)6 1272 2 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(stream module)1 602 1 2468 1776 t
10 R f
(\(see)3106 1776 w
10 I f
(stream)3302 1776 w
10 R f
( This)1 239(\(3\)\) that can be pushed onto a stream.)7 1579 2 3582 1776 t
( is usually pushed onto a)5 1011( It)1 116( trunk.)1 266(module provides the framing necessary to treat a serial line as a Datakit)12 2927 4 1080 1896 t
(stream before the)2 696 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(dkmux)1804 2016 w
10 R f
( received frames with an incorrect CRC)6 1603( Any)1 225( frame includes a CRC.)4 947(module. The)1 533 4 2092 2016 t
(are discarded.)1 553 1 1080 2136 t
(The format of a message upstream of the module is:)9 2077 1 1080 2304 t
(channel # low byte)3 757 1 1440 2472 t
(channel # high byte)3 785 1 1440 2592 t
(control byte \(0 means none\))4 1120 1 1440 2712 t
(data bytes)1 402 1 1440 2832 t
(The format of a frame is:)5 1000 1 1080 3000 t
10 CW f
(0x7d)1440 3168 w
(0x7d)1440 3288 w
10 R f
(channel # low byte)3 757 1 1440 3408 t
(channel # high byte)3 785 1 1440 3528 t
(crc low byte)2 493 1 1440 3648 t
(crc high byte)2 521 1 1440 3768 t
10 CW f
(0x7d)1440 3888 w
(0x7d)1440 4008 w
10 R f
( in the frame are preceded by a)7 1252(All control bytes)2 676 2 1080 4176 t
10 CW f
(0x9d)3036 4176 w
10 R f
(byte. All)1 378 1 3304 4176 t
10 CW f
(0x9d)3710 4176 w
10 R f
(and)3978 4176 w
10 CW f
(0x7d)4150 4176 w
10 R f
(bytes in the data are fol\255)5 982 1 4418 4176 t
(lowed by a)2 438 1 1080 4296 t
10 CW f
(0x00)1543 4296 w
10 R f
(byte to distinguish them from framing or control specifiers.)8 2373 1 1808 4296 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4464 t
10 I f
(stream)1080 4584 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1360 4584 w
10 I f
(cons)1526 4584 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1717 4584 w
10 I f
(dk)1883 4584 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1985 4584 w
( 296)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( BIT)1 4239(BIT \( 3 \))3 301 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(bit)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1211 1080 w
10 R f
(screen graphics, mouse)2 928 1 1301 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind #b /dev)2 720 1 1080 1368 t
(/dev/bitblt)1080 1608 w
(/dev/mouse)1080 1728 w
(/dev/screen)1080 1848 w
(#include <u.h>)1 840 1 1080 2088 t
(#include <libg.h>)1 1020 1 1080 2208 t
(ushortBGSHORT\(uchar *p\))1 1380 1 1080 2448 t
(ulong BGLONG\(uchar *p\))2 1320 1 1080 2568 t
( *p, ushort v\))3 840(void BPSHORT\(uchar)1 1140 2 1080 2688 t
( *p, ulong v\))3 780(void BPLONG\(uchar)1 1080 2 1080 2808 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2976 t
10 R f
(The)1080 3096 w
10 I f
(bit)1269 3096 w
10 R f
(device provides the)2 794 1 1409 3096 t
10 CW f
(bitblt)2238 3096 w
10 R f
(,)2598 3096 w
10 CW f
(mouse)2658 3096 w
10 R f
(, and)1 204 1 2958 3096 t
10 CW f
(screen)3197 3096 w
10 R f
(on machines with a bitmapped screen and a)7 1808 1 3592 3096 t
( device is exclusive use.)4 962(mouse. The)1 491 2 1080 3216 t
(The)1080 3384 w
10 I f
(bit)1262 3384 w
10 R f
(device provides, through the)3 1146 1 1395 3384 t
10 CW f
(bitblt)2569 3384 w
10 R f
(file, access to)2 546 1 2957 3384 t
10 I f
(bitmaps, fonts,)1 590 1 3531 3384 t
10 R f
(and)4149 3384 w
10 I f
(subfonts)4321 3384 w
10 R f
(in its private stor\255)3 717 1 4683 3384 t
(age, as described in)3 787 1 1080 3504 t
10 I f
(graphics)1894 3504 w
10 R f
( object is identified by a short, its)7 1347(\(2\). Each)1 392 2 2252 3504 t
10 I f
(id.)4018 3504 w
10 R f
( zero is spe\255)3 482(The bitmap with id)3 770 2 4148 3504 t
( subfont with id zero is also special: it is initialized to a default)13 2611( The)1 213( display.)1 347(cial: it represents the visible)4 1149 4 1080 3624 t
( the screen;)2 456( is also a cursor associated with)6 1271( There)1 284( is no default font.)4 738( There)1 284(subfont that is always available.)4 1287 6 1080 3744 t
( process can write messages to)5 1247( A)1 127(it is always displayed at the current mouse position.)8 2108 3 1080 3864 t
10 CW f
(bitblt)4592 3864 w
10 R f
(to allocate)1 418 1 4982 3864 t
( write portions of the bitmaps, and draw line segments, tex\255)10 2455(and free bitmaps, fonts, and subfonts, read or)7 1865 2 1080 3984 t
( mes\255)1 226( Some)1 285( to their bitmaps.)3 699( graphics requests are clipped)4 1204( All)1 184(tures, and character strings in the bitmaps.)6 1722 6 1080 4104 t
(sages return a response to be recovered by reading)8 2010 1 1080 4224 t
10 CW f
(bitblt)3115 4224 w
10 R f
(.)3475 4224 w
( messages written to)3 849(The format of)2 576 2 1080 4392 t
10 CW f
(bitblt)2542 4392 w
10 R f
(is a single lower case letter followed by binary parameters;)9 2461 1 2939 4392 t
( The)1 208(multibyte integers are transmitted with the low order byte first.)9 2550 2 1080 4512 t
10 CW f
(BPSHORT)3866 4512 w
10 R f
(and)4314 4512 w
10 CW f
(BPLONG)4486 4512 w
10 R f
(macros place)1 526 1 4874 4512 t
( messages return a response)4 1144( Some)1 287( into a character buffer.)4 968(correctly formatted two\255 and four\255byte integers)5 1921 4 1080 4632 t
( upper case version of the request character.)7 1805(formatted the same way; it usually starts with the)8 2037 2 1080 4752 t
10 CW f
(BGSHORT)4980 4752 w
10 R f
(and)1080 4872 w
10 CW f
(BGLONG)1256 4872 w
10 R f
( are two four\255byte numbers:)4 1142( Points)1 308(retrieve values from a character buffer.)5 1589 3 1648 4872 t
10 I f
(x)4719 4872 w
10 R f
(,)4771 4872 w
10 I f
(y)4828 4872 w
10 R f
(. Rectangles)1 520 1 4880 4872 t
(are four four\255byte numbers: min)4 1286 1 1080 4992 t
10 I f
(x)2391 4992 w
10 R f
(, min)1 206 1 2443 4992 t
10 I f
(y)2674 4992 w
10 R f
(, max)1 222 1 2726 4992 t
10 I f
(x)2973 4992 w
10 R f
(, and max)2 391 1 3025 4992 t
10 I f
(y)3441 4992 w
10 R f
(.)3493 4992 w
( accepted by the)3 654(The following requests are)3 1073 2 1080 5160 t
10 CW f
(bitblt)2835 5160 w
10 R f
( numbers in brackets give the length in bytes)8 1811(file. The)1 366 2 3223 5160 t
(of the parameters.)2 717 1 1080 5280 t
10 CW f
(a)1080 5448 w
10 I f
(ldepth)1165 5448 w
10 R f
([1])1423 5448 w
10 I f
(rect)1564 5448 w
10 R f
([16])1727 5448 w
( bitmap.)1 336(Allocate a)1 414 2 1440 5568 t
10 I f
(Ldepth)2248 5568 w
10 R f
(is the log base 2 of the number of bits per pixel.)11 1997 1 2559 5568 t
10 I f
(Rect)4614 5568 w
10 R f
(is a Rectangle)2 576 1 4824 5568 t
( id of the allocated bitmap)5 1061( The)1 208( bitmap is cleared to all zeros.)6 1213( The)1 208(giving the extent of the bitmap.)5 1270 5 1440 5688 t
(is returned on a subsequent)4 1087 1 1440 5808 t
10 I f
(read)2552 5808 w
10 R f
(from)2760 5808 w
10 CW f
(bitblt)2979 5808 w
10 R f
(, returning the three bytes:)4 1051 1 3339 5808 t
10 CW f
(A)4415 5808 w
10 R f
(followed by the id.)3 755 1 4500 5808 t
10 CW f
(b)1080 5976 w
10 I f
(dstid)1165 5976 w
10 R f
([2])1368 5976 w
10 I f
(dstpt)1509 5976 w
10 R f
([8])1712 5976 w
10 I f
(srcid)1853 5976 w
10 R f
([2])2061 5976 w
10 I f
(srcrect)2202 5976 w
10 R f
([16])2487 5976 w
10 I f
(code)2678 5976 w
10 R f
([2])2874 5976 w
(Bit\255block transfer \()2 765 1 1440 6096 t
10 CW f
(bitblt)2205 6096 w
10 R f
( in the bitmap identified by)5 1091(\) from a rectangle)3 711 2 2565 6096 t
10 I f
(srcid)4393 6096 w
10 R f
(to a congruent rect\255)3 781 1 4619 6096 t
(angle at Point)2 586 1 1440 6216 t
10 CW f
(dstpt)2069 6216 w
10 R f
( by)1 142(in the bitmap identified)3 990 2 2412 6216 t
10 I f
(dstid.)3586 6216 w
10 R f
(The rectangle is clipped against both)5 1552 1 3848 6216 t
(source and destination bitmaps. See)4 1429 1 1440 6336 t
10 I f
(bitblt)2894 6336 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)3114 6336 w
10 CW f
(c)1080 6504 w
10 R f
([)1165 6504 w
10 I f
(pt)1223 6504 w
10 R f
([8])1309 6504 w
10 I f
(clr)1450 6504 w
10 R f
([32])1569 6504 w
10 I f
(set)1760 6504 w
10 R f
([32] ])1 224 1 1879 6504 t
( the description of)3 748( See)1 201(Switch mouse cursor.)2 877 3 1440 6624 t
10 CW f
(Cursors)3299 6624 w
10 R f
(in)3752 6624 w
10 I f
(graphics)3863 6624 w
10 R f
(\(2\) for the meaning of the)5 1068 1 4221 6624 t
10 I f
(pt)5322 6624 w
10 R f
(\(the offset\),)1 466 1 1440 6744 t
10 I f
(set)1932 6744 w
10 R f
(, and)1 195 1 2051 6744 t
10 I f
(clr)2272 6744 w
10 R f
( only)1 203(arguments. If)1 557 2 2409 6744 t
10 CW f
(c)3194 6744 w
10 R f
(is provided)1 447 1 3279 6744 t
10 S1 f
(\320)3751 6744 w
10 R f
(that is, if the message is one byte long)8 1524 1 3876 6744 t
10 S1 f
(\320)1440 6864 w
10 R f
(the cursor changes to the default, typically an arrow.)8 2095 1 1565 6864 t
10 CW f
(e)1080 7032 w
10 I f
(id)1165 7032 w
10 R f
([2])1251 7032 w
10 I f
(pt)1392 7032 w
10 R f
([8])1478 7032 w
10 I f
(value)1619 7032 w
10 R f
([1])1843 7032 w
10 I f
(code)1984 7032 w
10 R f
([2])2180 7032 w
10 I f
(n)2321 7032 w
10 R f
([2])2379 7032 w
10 I f
(pts)2520 7032 w
10 R f
([)2645 7032 w
10 I f
(n)2686 7032 w
10 R f
(*2])2744 7032 w
(Join the)1 316 1 1440 7152 t
10 I f
(n)1783 7152 w
10 R f
(+1 points)1 378 1 1841 7152 t
10 I f
(pt)2246 7152 w
10 R f
(and)2351 7152 w
10 I f
(pts)2522 7152 w
10 R f
(with)2667 7152 w
10 I f
(n)2873 7152 w
10 R f
(segments, exactly as for the)4 1118 1 2951 7152 t
10 I f
(l)4097 7152 w
10 R f
(operator. The)1 565 1 4153 7152 t
10 I f
(pts)4746 7152 w
10 R f
(are specified)1 509 1 4891 7152 t
(by pairs of signed bytes holding offsets from the previous point in the list.)13 2960 1 1440 7272 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 297)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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324 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( BIT)1 4239(BIT \( 3 \))3 301 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(f)1080 960 w
10 I f
(id)1165 960 w
10 R f
([2])1251 960 w
(Free the resources associated with the allocated bitmap identified by)9 2731 1 1440 1080 t
10 I f
(id.)4196 1080 w
10 CW f
(g)1080 1248 w
10 I f
(id)1165 1248 w
10 R f
([2])1251 1248 w
(Free the resources associated with the allocated subfont identified by)9 2825 1 1440 1368 t
10 I f
(id,)4298 1368 w
10 R f
( If)1 124(including its bitmap.)2 842 2 4434 1368 t
( has been freed; see)4 836(the subfont is cached, the associated data may be recoverable even after it)12 3124 2 1440 1488 t
(below.)1440 1608 w
10 CW f
(h)1080 1776 w
10 I f
(id)1165 1776 w
10 R f
([2])1251 1776 w
(Free the resources associated with the allocated font identified by)9 2614 1 1440 1896 t
10 I f
(id.)4079 1896 w
10 CW f
(i)1080 2064 w
10 R f
( on)1 136( next operation)2 619( The)1 215(Initialize the device.)2 832 4 1440 2184 t
10 CW f
(bitblt)3278 2184 w
10 R f
(should be a)2 477 1 3674 2184 t
10 I f
(read)4187 2184 w
10 R f
( read of length 34)4 748(\(2\). A)1 274 2 4378 2184 t
(returns information about the display:)4 1510 1 1440 2304 t
10 CW f
(I)1800 2424 w
10 I f
(ldepth)1885 2424 w
10 R f
([1])2143 2424 w
10 I f
(rect)2284 2424 w
10 R f
([16])2447 2424 w
10 I f
(cliprect)2638 2424 w
10 R f
([16].)2951 2424 w
( character)1 399(If the read count is large enough, the above information is followed by the header and)15 3561 2 1440 2592 t
(information of the default)3 1032 1 1440 2712 t
10 CW f
(Subfont)2498 2712 w
10 R f
(, in the format expected by)5 1075 1 2918 2712 t
10 I f
(rdsubfontfile)4018 2712 w
10 R f
(\(see)4555 2712 w
10 I f
(subfalloc)4740 2712 w
10 R f
(\(2\) and)1 285 1 5115 2712 t
10 I f
(font)1440 2832 w
10 R f
( enough' is 36 + 6)5 755(\(6\)\). `Large)1 495 2 1604 2832 t
10 I f
(n)2862 2832 w
10 R f
(, where)1 300 1 2920 2832 t
10 I f
(n)3252 2832 w
10 R f
( ids of)2 264( The)1 212(is the number of characters in the font.)7 1590 3 3334 2832 t
(the screen bitmap and default subfont are both zero.)8 2070 1 1440 2952 t
10 CW f
(j)1080 3120 w
10 I f
(q0)1165 3120 w
10 R f
([4])1273 3120 w
10 I f
(q1)1414 3120 w
10 R f
([4])1522 3120 w
(Check to see whether a subfont with tags)7 1667 1 1440 3240 t
10 I f
(q0)3136 3240 w
10 R f
(and)3265 3240 w
10 I f
(q1)3438 3240 w
10 R f
( it is not, the write of the)7 1018( If)1 120(is in the cache.)3 605 3 3567 3240 t
10 CW f
(j)5340 3240 w
10 R f
( it is, the next read of)6 846( If)1 116(message will draw an error.)4 1105 3 1440 3360 t
10 CW f
(bitblt)3532 3360 w
10 R f
(will return)1 419 1 3917 3360 t
10 CW f
(J)1800 3480 w
10 I f
(id)1885 3480 w
10 R f
([2])1971 3480 w
( format as returned by an init message; the subfont)9 2031(followed by the subfont information in the same)7 1929 2 1440 3648 t
(will then be available for use.)5 1181 1 1440 3768 t
10 CW f
(k)1080 3936 w
10 I f
(n)1165 3936 w
10 R f
([2])1223 3936 w
10 I f
(height)1364 3936 w
10 R f
([1])1622 3936 w
10 I f
(ascent)1763 3936 w
10 R f
([1])2026 3936 w
10 I f
(bitmapid)2167 3936 w
10 R f
([2])2531 3936 w
10 I f
(q0)2672 3936 w
10 R f
([4])2780 3936 w
10 I f
(q1)2921 3936 w
10 R f
([4])3029 3936 w
10 I f
(info)3170 3936 w
10 R f
([6*\()3334 3936 w
10 I f
(n)3508 3936 w
10 R f
(+1\)])3566 3936 w
( parameters are as described in)5 1281( The)1 216(Allocate subfont.)1 698 3 1440 4056 t
10 I f
(subfalloc)3671 4056 w
10 R f
(\(2\), with)1 355 1 4046 4056 t
10 I f
(info)4437 4056 w
10 R f
(in external subfont)2 771 1 4629 4056 t
(file format.)1 450 1 1440 4176 t
10 I f
(Bitmapid)1941 4176 w
10 R f
( allocated bitmap containing the character images.)6 2004(identifies a previously)2 890 2 2334 4176 t
10 I f
(Q0)5278 4176 w
10 R f
(and)1440 4296 w
10 I f
(q1)1616 4296 w
10 R f
(are used as labels for the subfont in the cache; if all ones, the subfont will not be cached)18 3651 1 1749 4296 t
( id of the allocated subfont is recovered by reading)9 2071( The)1 210( with other applications.)3 981(and hence shared)2 698 4 1440 4416 t
(from)1440 4536 w
10 CW f
(bitblt)1667 4536 w
10 R f
(the three bytes:)2 626 1 2060 4536 t
10 CW f
(K)2719 4536 w
10 R f
( the bitmap with id)4 788( Henceforth,)1 531(followed by the id.)3 779 3 2812 4536 t
10 I f
(bitmapid)4943 4536 w
10 R f
(is)5333 4536 w
(unavailable to the application; in effect, it has been freed.)9 2292 1 1440 4656 t
10 CW f
(l)1080 4824 w
10 I f
(id)1165 4824 w
10 R f
([2])1251 4824 w
10 I f
(pt1)1392 4824 w
10 R f
([8])1528 4824 w
10 I f
(pt2)1669 4824 w
10 R f
([8])1805 4824 w
10 I f
(value)1946 4824 w
10 R f
([1])2170 4824 w
10 I f
(code)2311 4824 w
10 R f
([2])2507 4824 w
(Draw a line segment from Point)5 1279 1 1440 4944 t
10 I f
(pt1)2744 4944 w
10 R f
(to Point)1 315 1 2897 4944 t
10 I f
(pt2)3237 4944 w
10 R f
(, using)1 267 1 3373 4944 t
10 I f
(code)3665 4944 w
10 R f
(for the drawing function, and)4 1171 1 3878 4944 t
10 I f
(value)5075 4944 w
10 R f
(as)5317 4944 w
(the source pixel. See)3 826 1 1440 5064 t
10 I f
(segment)2291 5064 w
10 R f
(in)2643 5064 w
10 I f
(bitblt)2746 5064 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)2966 5064 w
10 I f
(Id)3157 5064 w
10 R f
(identifies the destination bitmap.)3 1311 1 3265 5064 t
10 CW f
(m)1080 5232 w
10 I f
(id)1165 5232 w
10 R f
([2])1251 5232 w
(Read the colormap associated with the bitmap with the specified)9 2667 1 1440 5352 t
10 I f
(id)4143 5352 w
10 R f
( next read of)3 534(. The)1 241 2 4229 5352 t
10 CW f
(bitblt)5040 5352 w
10 R f
(will return 12)2 544 1 1440 5472 t
10 S f
(\264)1984 5472 w
10 R f
(2)2039 5472 w
8 I f
(n)2089 5422 w
10 R f
(bytes of colormap data where)4 1180 1 2154 5472 t
10 I f
(n)3359 5472 w
10 R f
(is the number of bits per pixel in the bitmap.)9 1777 1 3434 5472 t
10 CW f
(n)1080 5640 w
10 I f
(height)1165 5640 w
10 R f
([1])1423 5640 w
10 I f
(ascent)1564 5640 w
10 R f
([1])1827 5640 w
10 I f
(ldepth)1968 5640 w
10 R f
([2])2226 5640 w
10 I f
(ncache)2367 5640 w
10 R f
([2])2657 5640 w
(Allocate a font with the given)5 1210 1 1440 5760 t
10 I f
(height, ascent,)1 584 1 2679 5760 t
10 R f
(and)3293 5760 w
10 I f
(ldepth.)3467 5760 w
10 R f
(The id of the allocated font is recovered)7 1628 1 3772 5760 t
(by reading from)2 653 1 1440 5880 t
10 CW f
(bitblt)2123 5880 w
10 R f
(the three bytes:)2 620 1 2513 5880 t
10 CW f
(N)3163 5880 w
10 R f
( with)1 207( initial cache associated)3 960( The)1 210(followed by the id.)3 770 4 3253 5880 t
(the font will have)3 702 1 1440 6000 t
10 I f
(ncache)2167 6000 w
10 R f
(character entries of zero width.)4 1237 1 2474 6000 t
10 CW f
(p)1080 6168 w
10 I f
(id)1165 6168 w
10 R f
([2])1251 6168 w
10 I f
(pt)1392 6168 w
10 R f
([8])1478 6168 w
10 I f
(value)1619 6168 w
10 R f
([1])1843 6168 w
10 I f
(code)1984 6168 w
10 R f
([2])2180 6168 w
( at Point)2 354(Change the pixel)2 695 2 1440 6288 t
10 I f
(pt)2524 6288 w
10 R f
(using)2637 6288 w
10 I f
(code)2889 6288 w
10 R f
(for the drawing function, and)4 1207 1 3112 6288 t
10 I f
(value)4354 6288 w
10 R f
(as the source pixel.)3 795 1 4605 6288 t
(See)1440 6408 w
10 I f
(point)1609 6408 w
10 R f
(in)1840 6408 w
10 I f
(bitblt)1943 6408 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)2163 6408 w
10 CW f
(q)1080 6576 w
10 I f
(id)1165 6576 w
10 R f
([2])1251 6576 w
10 I f
(rect)1392 6576 w
10 R f
([16])1555 6576 w
( specified)1 390(Set the clipping rectangle for the bitmap with)7 1840 2 1440 6696 t
10 I f
(id)3700 6696 w
10 R f
(to the given rectangle, which will itself)6 1592 1 3808 6696 t
(be clipped to the bitmap's image rectangle.)6 1722 1 1440 6816 t
10 CW f
(r)1080 6984 w
10 I f
(id)1165 6984 w
10 R f
([2])1251 6984 w
10 I f
(miny)1392 6984 w
10 R f
([4])1594 6984 w
10 I f
(maxy)1735 6984 w
10 R f
([4])1953 6984 w
(Read rows)1 426 1 1440 7104 t
10 I f
(ymin)1894 7104 w
10 R f
(,)2096 7104 w
10 I f
(ymin)2149 7104 w
10 R f
(+1, ...)1 234 1 2351 7104 t
10 I f
(ymax)2638 7104 w
10 S1 f
(\261)2856 7104 w
10 R f
( the description)2 622( See)1 197(1 of the bitmap with the given bitmap id.)8 1660 3 2921 7104 t
(of)1440 7224 w
10 I f
(rdbitmap)1553 7224 w
10 R f
(in)1950 7224 w
10 I f
(balloc)2058 7224 w
10 R f
( subsequent read of)3 785(\(2\). A)1 268 2 2316 7224 t
10 CW f
(bitblt)3398 7224 w
10 R f
(will return the requested rows of pixels.)6 1613 1 3787 7224 t
( 298)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( BIT)1 4239(BIT \( 3 \))3 301 3 720 480 t
(Note: in this case, the response does not begin an)9 1964 1 1440 960 t
10 CW f
(R)3429 960 w
10 R f
(, to simplify the reading of large bitmaps.)7 1657 1 3489 960 t
10 CW f
(s)1080 1128 w
10 I f
(id)1165 1128 w
10 R f
([2])1251 1128 w
10 I f
(pt)1392 1128 w
10 R f
([8])1478 1128 w
10 I f
(fontid)1619 1128 w
10 R f
([2])1861 1128 w
10 I f
(code)2002 1128 w
10 R f
([2])2198 1128 w
10 I f
(n)2339 1128 w
10 R f
([2])2397 1128 w
10 I f
(indices)2538 1128 w
10 R f
([2*)2829 1128 w
10 I f
(n)2970 1128 w
10 R f
(])3028 1128 w
(Draw using code)2 676 1 1440 1248 t
10 I f
(code)2142 1248 w
10 R f
(in the bitmap identified by)4 1065 1 2356 1248 t
10 I f
(id)3447 1248 w
10 R f
(the text string specified by the)5 1212 1 3551 1248 t
10 I f
(n)4789 1248 w
10 R f
(cache)4865 1248 w
10 I f
(indices)5117 1248 w
10 R f
(in font)1 264 1 1440 1368 t
10 I f
(fontid,)1729 1368 w
10 R f
(starting with the upper left corner at)6 1436 1 2013 1368 t
10 I f
(pt)3474 1368 w
10 R f
(.)3560 1368 w
10 CW f
(t)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(dstid)1165 1536 w
10 R f
([2])1368 1536 w
10 I f
(rect)1509 1536 w
10 R f
([16])1672 1536 w
10 I f
(srcid)1863 1536 w
10 R f
([2])2071 1536 w
10 I f
(code)2212 1536 w
10 R f
([2])2408 1536 w
(Texture the given rectangle in the bitmap identified by)8 2236 1 1440 1656 t
10 I f
(dstid)3708 1656 w
10 R f
(by overlaying a tiling of the bitmap)6 1464 1 3936 1656 t
(identified by)1 510 1 1440 1776 t
10 I f
(srcid)1977 1776 w
10 R f
(\(aligning \(0,0\) in the two bitmaps\), and using)7 1820 1 2204 1776 t
10 I f
(code)4050 1776 w
10 R f
(as a drawing code for)4 862 1 4264 1776 t
10 I f
(bitblt)5152 1776 w
10 R f
(;)5372 1776 w
(see)1440 1896 w
10 I f
(texture)1592 1896 w
10 R f
(in)1894 1896 w
10 I f
(bitblt)1997 1896 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)2217 1896 w
10 CW f
(v)1080 2064 w
10 I f
(id)1165 2064 w
10 R f
([2])1251 2064 w
10 I f
(ncache)1392 2064 w
10 R f
([2])1682 2064 w
10 I f
(width)1823 2064 w
10 R f
([2])2054 2064 w
(Reset, resize, and clear the cache for font)7 1732 1 1440 2184 t
10 I f
(id;)3210 2184 w
10 R f
(the maximum width of the)4 1117 1 3359 2184 t
10 I f
(ncache)4515 2184 w
10 R f
(characters the)1 564 1 4836 2184 t
(cache may hold is set to)5 962 1 1440 2304 t
10 I f
(width.)2428 2304 w
10 R f
( cache can\255)2 447( the)1 148( If)1 117(Must be done before the first load of a cache slot.)10 1986 4 2702 2304 t
(not be resized, the write of this message will fail but the cache will be unaffected.)15 3257 1 1440 2424 t
10 CW f
(w)1080 2592 w
10 I f
(id)1165 2592 w
10 R f
([2])1251 2592 w
10 I f
(miny)1392 2592 w
10 R f
([4])1594 2592 w
10 I f
(maxy)1735 2592 w
10 R f
([4])1953 2592 w
10 I f
(data)2094 2592 w
10 R f
([)2280 2592 w
10 I f
(n)2321 2592 w
10 R f
(])2379 2592 w
(Replace rows)1 541 1 1440 2712 t
10 I f
(ymin)2008 2712 w
10 R f
(,)2210 2712 w
10 I f
(ymin)2262 2712 w
10 R f
(+1, ...)1 233 1 2464 2712 t
10 I f
(ymax)2749 2712 w
10 S1 f
(\261)2967 2712 w
10 R f
(1 of the bitmap with the given bitmap)7 1522 1 3032 2712 t
10 I f
(id)4581 2712 w
10 R f
(with the values in)3 714 1 4686 2712 t
10 I f
(data)1440 2832 w
10 R f
( the description of)3 724(. See)1 219 2 1626 2832 t
10 I f
(wrbitmap)2594 2832 w
10 R f
(in)3003 2832 w
10 I f
(balloc)3106 2832 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)3364 2832 w
10 CW f
(x)1080 3000 w
10 I f
(x)1165 3000 w
10 R f
([4])1217 3000 w
10 I f
(y)1358 3000 w
10 R f
([4])1410 3000 w
(Move the cursor so its origin is at \()8 1399 1 1440 3120 t
10 I f
(x)2847 3120 w
10 R f
(,)2899 3120 w
10 I f
(y)2932 3120 w
10 R f
(\).)2984 3120 w
10 CW f
(y)1080 3288 w
10 I f
(id)1165 3288 w
10 R f
([2])1251 3288 w
10 I f
(cacheindex)1392 3288 w
10 R f
([2])1848 3288 w
10 I f
(subfontid)1989 3288 w
10 R f
([2])2370 3288 w
10 I f
(subfontindex)2511 3288 w
10 R f
([2])3030 3288 w
(Load the description and image of character)6 1762 1 1440 3408 t
10 I f
(subfontindex)3228 3408 w
10 R f
(in subfont)1 405 1 3765 3408 t
10 I f
(subfontid)4197 3408 w
10 R f
(into slot)1 328 1 4597 3408 t
10 I f
(cacheindex)4952 3408 w
10 R f
(of font)1 269 1 1440 3528 t
10 I f
(id.)1734 3528 w
10 CW f
(z)1080 3696 w
10 I f
(id)1165 3696 w
10 R f
([2])1251 3696 w
10 I f
(map)1392 3696 w
10 R f
([)1572 3696 w
10 I f
(m)1613 3696 w
10 R f
(])1693 3696 w
(Replace the colormap associated with bitmap)5 1831 1 1440 3816 t
10 I f
(id)3300 3816 w
10 R f
(with)3408 3816 w
10 I f
(map)3616 3816 w
10 R f
(, which contains)2 662 1 3796 3816 t
10 I f
(m)4488 3816 w
10 R f
(=12)4560 3816 w
10 S f
(\264)4716 3816 w
10 R f
(2)4771 3816 w
8 I f
(n)4821 3766 w
10 R f
(bytes of col\255)2 509 1 4891 3816 t
(ormap data \(see)2 631 1 1440 3936 t
10 I f
(rgbpix)2096 3936 w
10 R f
(\(2\) for the format\).)3 753 1 2365 3936 t
(A read of the)3 538 1 1080 4104 t
10 CW f
(mouse)1648 4104 w
10 R f
( read blocks until the)4 862( The)1 211( position and button state.)4 1055(file returns the mouse status: its)5 1294 4 1978 4104 t
( read returns 14 bytes:)4 887( The)1 205(state has changed since the last read.)6 1460 3 1080 4224 t
10 CW f
(m)1440 4344 w
10 I f
(buttons)1525 4344 w
10 R f
([1])1828 4344 w
10 I f
(x)1969 4344 w
10 R f
([4])2021 4344 w
10 I f
(y)2162 4344 w
10 R f
([4])2214 4344 w
10 I f
(msec)2355 4344 w
10 R f
([4])2562 4344 w
(where)1080 4464 w
10 I f
(x)1356 4464 w
10 R f
(and)1433 4464 w
10 I f
(y)1610 4464 w
10 R f
(are the mouse coordinates in the screen bitmap,)7 1952 1 1687 4464 t
10 I f
(msec)3672 4464 w
10 R f
( time stamp, in units of millisec\255)6 1352(is a)1 144 2 3904 4464 t
(onds, and)1 386 1 1080 4584 t
10 I f
(buttons)1494 4584 w
10 R f
( and 4 bits when the mouse's left, middle, and right buttons, respectively,)12 2955(has set the 1, 2,)4 628 2 1817 4584 t
(are down.)1 393 1 1080 4704 t
(The)1080 4872 w
10 CW f
(screen)1260 4872 w
10 R f
(file contains the screen bitmap in the format described in)9 2271 1 1645 4872 t
10 I f
(bitmap)3941 4872 w
10 R f
(\(6\).)4227 4872 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 5040 t
10 R f
( to)1 108(Most messages)1 612 2 1080 5160 t
10 CW f
(bitblt)1830 5160 w
10 R f
(can return errors; these can be detected by a system call error on the)13 2776 1 2220 5160 t
10 I f
(write)5026 5160 w
10 R f
(\(see)5240 5160 w
10 I f
(read)1080 5280 w
10 R f
( most common error is a failure to allocate)8 1809( The)1 220(\(2\)\) of the data containing the erroneous message.)7 2100 3 1271 5280 t
( only when the protocol is mishandled by the)8 1815( other errors occur)3 736( Most)1 257(because of insufficient free resources.)4 1512 4 1080 5400 t
(application.)1080 5520 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5688 t
10 R f
(Because each message must fit in a single 9P message, subfonts are limited to about 1300 characters.)16 4038 1 1080 5808 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 299)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( CONC)1 4122(CONC \( 3 \))3 418 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(conc)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1293 1080 w
10 R f
(Datakit concentrator)1 817 1 1383 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(ctlfd = open\(")2 840 1 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(rawdkdev)1920 1368 w
10 CW f
(/ctl", ORDWR\);)1 840 1 2308 1368 t
(write\(ctlfd, "push conc", 9\);)3 1740 1 1080 1488 t
(write\(ctlfd, "config)1 1200 1 1080 1608 t
10 I f
(name nc0 nc1)2 554 1 2340 1608 t
10 CW f
(...", n\);)1 540 1 2894 1608 t
( #K)1 145(bind \255a)1 420 2 1080 1848 t
10 I f
(name)1653 1848 w
10 CW f
(/dev)1894 1848 w
(dkctlfd = open\("/dev/)2 1260 1 1080 2088 t
10 I f
(name)2340 2088 w
10 CW f
(/)2556 2088 w
10 I f
(n)2616 2088 w
10 CW f
(/ctl", ORDWR\);)1 840 1 2666 2088 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2256 t
10 R f
(The concentrator partitions the channel space of a raw Datakit device \(typically)11 3172 1 1080 2376 t
10 CW f
(#i)4277 2376 w
10 R f
(or)4422 2376 w
10 CW f
(#h)4531 2376 w
10 R f
(\) into subspaces of)3 749 1 4651 2376 t
(size)1080 2496 w
10 I f
(nc0)1263 2496 w
10 R f
(,)1415 2496 w
10 I f
(nc1)1468 2496 w
10 R f
( messages so that each subdevice sees a channel space)9 2181( numbers are adjusted on all)5 1138(... Channel)1 461 3 1620 2496 t
( local)1 233( arrangement must agree with the switch configuration as provisioned by the)11 3202( This)1 241(starting at zero.)2 644 4 1080 2616 t
(Datakit operating company.)2 1112 1 1080 2736 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2904 t
10 CW f
(/dev/)1080 3024 w
10 I f
(name)1380 3024 w
10 CW f
(/)1596 3024 w
10 I f
(n)1656 3024 w
10 CW f
(/data)1706 3024 w
(/dev/)1080 3144 w
10 I f
(name)1380 3144 w
10 CW f
(/)1596 3144 w
10 I f
(n)1656 3144 w
10 CW f
(/ctl)1706 3144 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3312 t
10 I f
(datakit)1080 3432 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1366 3432 w
( 300)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( CONS)1 4133(CONS \( 3 \))3 407 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(cons)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1300 1080 w
10 R f
( sysstat, hz, swap,)3 755(console, clocks, process/process group ids, user, null, klog, stats, lights, noise,)10 3243 2 1402 1080 t
(crypt, chal, key)2 615 1 1080 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(bind #c /dev)2 720 1 1080 1488 t
(/dev/chal)1080 1728 w
(/dev/clock)1080 1848 w
(/dev/cons)1080 1968 w
(/dev/consctl)1080 2088 w
(/dev/cputime)1080 2208 w
(/dev/crypt)1080 2328 w
(/dev/hz)1080 2448 w
(/dev/key)1080 2568 w
(/dev/klog)1080 2688 w
(/dev/lights)1080 2808 w
(/dev/mousectl)1080 2928 w
(/dev/msec)1080 3048 w
(/dev/noise)1080 3168 w
(/dev/null)1080 3288 w
(/dev/pgrpid)1080 3408 w
(/dev/pid)1080 3528 w
(/dev/ppid)1080 3648 w
(/dev/swap)1080 3768 w
(/dev/sysname)1080 3888 w
(/dev/sysstat)1080 4008 w
(/dev/time)1080 4128 w
(/dev/user)1080 4248 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 4416 t
10 R f
(The console device serves a one\255level directory giving access to the console and miscellaneous information.)14 4316 1 1080 4536 t
(Reading the)1 497 1 1080 4704 t
10 CW f
(cons)1619 4704 w
10 R f
( characters are buffered to)4 1111( Normally,)1 476(file returns characters typed on the keyboard.)6 1911 3 1902 4704 t
( control\255U,)1 460( A)1 145(enable erase and kill processing.)4 1386 3 1080 4824 t
10 CW f
(^U)3118 4824 w
10 R f
(, typed at the keyboard)4 1000 1 3238 4824 t
10 I f
(kills)4285 4824 w
10 R f
(the current input line)3 901 1 4499 4824 t
( read via)2 363(\(removes all characters from the buffer of characters not yet)9 2475 2 1080 4944 t
10 CW f
(cons)3953 4944 w
10 R f
(\), and a backspace)3 760 1 4193 4944 t
10 I f
(erases)4988 4944 w
10 R f
(the)5278 4944 w
( and erasing only delete characters)5 1456( Killing)1 350(previous non\255kill, non\255erase character from the input buffer.)7 2514 3 1080 5064 t
( the keyboard actually produce 16\255bit runes)6 1753( typed at)2 348( Characters)1 478(back to, but not including, the last newline.)7 1741 4 1080 5184 t
(\(see)1080 5304 w
10 I f
(utf)1275 5304 w
10 R f
(\(6\)\), but the runes are translated into the variable\255length)8 2311 1 1389 5304 t
9 R f
(UTF)3733 5304 w
10 R f
(encoding \(see)1 560 1 3937 5304 t
10 I f
(utf)4531 5304 w
10 R f
(\(6\)\) before putting)2 755 1 4645 5304 t
( A)1 127(them into the buffer.)3 836 2 1080 5424 t
10 I f
(read)2074 5424 w
10 R f
(\(2\) of length greater than zero causes the process to wait until a newline or a)15 3135 1 2265 5424 t
10 CW f
(^D)1080 5544 w
10 R f
( buffer, and then returns as much of the buffer as the argument to)13 2651(ends the)1 335 2 1230 5544 t
10 CW f
(read)4245 5544 w
10 R f
(allows, but only up to)4 886 1 4514 5544 t
( terminating)1 491( A)1 127(one complete line.)2 745 3 1080 5664 t
10 CW f
(^D)2473 5664 w
10 R f
( part of the line remains, the next)7 1362( If)1 122( into the buffer.)3 639(is not put)2 383 4 2623 5664 t
10 CW f
(read)5160 5664 w
10 R f
(will return characters from that remainder and not part of any new line that has been typed since.)17 3863 1 1080 5784 t
(If the string)2 474 1 1080 5952 t
10 CW f
(rawon)1583 5952 w
10 R f
(has been written to the)4 920 1 1912 5952 t
10 CW f
(consctl)2861 5952 w
10 R f
( file is still open,)4 690(file and the)2 457 2 3310 5952 t
10 CW f
(cons)4487 5952 w
10 R f
(is in)1 175 1 4757 5952 t
10 I f
(raw mode)1 402 1 4962 5952 t
10 R f
(:)5372 5952 w
(characters are not echoed as they are typed, backspace and)9 2389 1 1080 6072 t
10 CW f
(^D)3500 6072 w
10 R f
( treated specially, and characters are)5 1469(are not)1 280 2 3651 6072 t
(available to)1 482 1 1080 6192 t
10 I f
(read)1606 6192 w
10 R f
( mode is reentered when)4 1055( Ordinary)1 429(as soon as they are typed.)5 1115 3 1833 6192 t
10 CW f
(rawoff)4477 6192 w
10 R f
(is written to)2 518 1 4882 6192 t
10 CW f
(consctl)1080 6312 w
10 R f
(or this file is closed.)4 808 1 1525 6312 t
(A)1080 6480 w
10 I f
(write)1177 6480 w
10 R f
(\(see)1408 6480 w
10 I f
(read)1593 6480 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) to)1 252 1 1784 6480 t
10 CW f
(cons)2061 6480 w
10 R f
(causes the characters to be printed on the console screen.)9 2271 1 2326 6480 t
(The)1080 6648 w
10 CW f
(null)1260 6648 w
10 R f
(file throws away anything written to it and always returns zero bytes when read.)13 3199 1 1525 6648 t
(The)1080 6816 w
10 CW f
(klog)1260 6816 w
10 R f
(file contains the tail of messages written by kernel logging statements.)10 2811 1 1525 6816 t
(Writing a number \(as plain text\) to the)7 1576 1 1080 6984 t
10 CW f
(lights)2687 6984 w
10 R f
( available to turn on and)5 1003(device directs any lights that are)5 1319 2 3078 6984 t
( bits of the number are mapped to the lights in a processor\255dependent way.)13 2978(off. The)1 346 2 1080 7104 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 301)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( CONS)1 4133(CONS \( 3 \))3 407 3 720 480 t
(Writing a serial port number \(or the string)7 1741 1 1080 960 t
10 CW f
(ps2)2855 960 w
10 R f
( configures that port for mouse)5 1284(for the ps2 port on a pc \))7 1047 2 3069 960 t
(input.)1080 1080 w
( to the)2 264(Writing two blank\255 or tab\255 separated numbers)6 1860 2 1080 1248 t
10 CW f
(noise)3236 1248 w
10 R f
(device causes the machine to make a tone, if)8 1832 1 3568 1248 t
( first number is the frequency, in Hertz, and the second is the duration, in milliseconds.)15 3476(possible. The)1 558 2 1080 1368 t
(The)1080 1536 w
10 CW f
(crypt)1262 1536 w
10 R f
(file performs DES encryption. To encrypt data, first a character)9 2547 1 1589 1536 t
10 CW f
(E)4163 1536 w
10 R f
(\()4250 1536 w
10 CW f
(0x45)4283 1536 w
10 R f
( file,)1 186(\) is written to the)4 691 2 4523 1536 t
( is)1 102( Data)1 248( truncated.)1 431( longer that 127 bytes is)5 1013( Data)1 249(and then the data, which must be at least 8 bytes long.)11 2277 6 1080 1656 t
(encrypted with the same algorithm used in)6 1734 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(encrypt)2845 1776 w
10 R f
( encrypted data can then be read from the file.)9 1896(\(2\). The)1 352 2 3152 1776 t
(A similar procedure is used to decrypt data, except an)9 2145 1 1080 1896 t
9 R f
(ASCII)3248 1896 w
10 CW f
(D)3508 1896 w
10 R f
(\()3593 1896 w
10 CW f
(0x44)3626 1896 w
10 R f
(\) is written to the file before the data.)8 1483 1 3866 1896 t
(The)1080 2064 w
10 CW f
(key)1264 2064 w
10 R f
( encryption; the key is shared within a process group \(see)10 2340(file is used to set the DES key used for)9 1587 2 1473 2064 t
10 I f
(auth)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(\(6\)\).)1266 2184 w
(The)1080 2352 w
10 CW f
(chal)1264 2352 w
10 R f
( read, it returns an encrypted chal\255)6 1395( When)1 293( used for authenticated setting of the user name.)8 1950(file is)1 229 4 1533 2352 t
( written with the appropriate string, the)6 1586( When)1 292(lenge string to be used for authenticating the user's identity.)9 2442 3 1080 2472 t
( format of the strings is documented in)7 1546( The)1 205(user name and encryption key are set.)6 1504 3 1080 2592 t
10 I f
(auth)4360 2592 w
10 R f
(\(6\).)4546 2592 w
( string has a fixed length: a)6 1130( Each)1 257(The rest of the files contain \(mostly\) read\255only strings.)8 2239 3 1080 2760 t
10 I f
(read)4739 2760 w
10 R f
(\(2\) of more)2 470 1 4930 2760 t
( include a terminating zero byte\); a)6 1433(than that gives a result of that fixed length \(the result does not)12 2559 2 1080 2880 t
10 I f
(read)5103 2880 w
10 R f
(of)5317 2880 w
( next time.)2 437(less than that length leaves the file offset so the rest of the string \(but no more\) will be read the)20 3883 2 1080 3000 t
(To reread the file without closing it,)6 1470 1 1080 3120 t
10 I f
(seek)2580 3120 w
10 R f
( numeric)1 356( the file contains)3 678( When)1 293(must be used to reset the offset.)6 1292 4 2781 3120 t
( 11\255digit number with leading blanks and one trailing blank:)9 2416(data, each number is formatted in decimal as an)8 1904 2 1080 3240 t
(twelve bytes total.)2 730 1 1080 3360 t
(The)1080 3528 w
10 CW f
(user)1260 3528 w
10 R f
(file contains the name of the user associated with the current process.)11 2766 1 1525 3528 t
(The)1080 3696 w
10 CW f
(cputime)1264 3696 w
10 R f
( time in milliseconds that the current process has spent)9 2229(file holds 6 numbers, containing the)5 1458 2 1713 3696 t
( their descen\255)2 545(in user mode, system calls, real elapsed time, and then the time spent, by exited children and)16 3775 2 1080 3816 t
(dants, in user mode, system calls, and real elapsed time.)9 2233 1 1080 3936 t
(The)1080 4104 w
10 CW f
(clock)1270 4104 w
10 R f
( since booting followed by the number of)7 1728(file holds two numbers: the number of clock ticks)8 2067 2 1605 4104 t
(clock ticks in a second.)4 929 1 1080 4224 t
(The)1080 4392 w
10 CW f
(sysname)1260 4392 w
10 R f
(file holds the textual name of the machine, e.g.)8 1872 1 1705 4392 t
10 CW f
(kremvax)3627 4392 w
10 R f
(, if known.)2 433 1 4047 4392 t
(The)1080 4560 w
10 CW f
(sysstat)1274 4560 w
10 R f
( numbers: processor number, context switches, interrupts, system calls, page)9 3189(file holds 8)2 478 2 1733 4560 t
( the machine is a multiprocessor,)5 1325( If)1 118( tlb purges, and load average.)5 1182(faults, tlb faults,)2 656 4 1080 4680 t
10 CW f
(sysstat)4388 4680 w
10 R f
(holds one line)2 565 1 4835 4680 t
( anything to)2 478( Writing)1 361(per processor.)1 559 3 1080 4800 t
10 CW f
(sysstat)2503 4800 w
10 R f
(resets all of the counts on all processors.)7 1614 1 2948 4800 t
(The)1080 4968 w
10 CW f
(swap)1260 4968 w
10 R f
(device holds a string of the form)6 1298 1 1525 4968 t
10 I f
(m1)1440 5136 w
10 R f
(/)1570 5136 w
10 I f
(m2)1606 5136 w
10 CW f
(memory)1753 5136 w
10 I f
(s1)2138 5136 w
10 R f
(/)2235 5136 w
10 I f
(s2)2271 5136 w
10 CW f
(swap)2385 5136 w
10 R f
( of internal memory and the swapping area, the number of pages used and the total)15 3479(These give, for each)3 841 2 1080 5304 t
( turn on swapping, write to)5 1167( To)1 179( numbers are not blank padded.)5 1343(available. These)1 692 4 1080 5424 t
10 CW f
(swap)4504 5424 w
10 R f
(the textual file)2 613 1 4787 5424 t
( See)1 194(descriptor number of a file or device on which to swap.)10 2209 2 1080 5544 t
10 I f
(swap)3508 5544 w
10 R f
(\(8\).)3722 5544 w
(The other files served by the)5 1139 1 1080 5712 t
10 I f
(cons)2244 5712 w
10 R f
(device are all single numbers:)4 1192 1 2452 5712 t
10 CW f
(hz)1080 5880 w
10 R f
(frequency of the system clock)4 1197 1 1580 5880 t
10 CW f
(msec)1080 6048 w
10 R f
(number of milliseconds since booting)4 1505 1 1580 6048 t
10 CW f
(pgrpid)1080 6216 w
10 R f
(process group number)2 887 1 1580 6216 t
10 CW f
(pid)1080 6384 w
10 R f
(process number)1 629 1 1580 6384 t
10 CW f
(ppid)1080 6552 w
10 R f
(parent's process number)2 975 1 1580 6552 t
10 CW f
(time)1080 6720 w
10 R f
( be written once, to set)5 934( \(Can)1 250( epoch 00:00:00 GMT, Jan. 1, 1970.)6 1485(number of seconds since the)4 1151 4 1580 6720 t
(at boot time.\))2 536 1 1580 6840 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 7008 t
10 I f
(bit)1080 7128 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1194 7128 w
10 I f
(keyboard)1360 7128 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)1739 7128 w
10 I f
(auth)1905 7128 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)2091 7128 w
10 I f
(utf)2257 7128 w
10 R f
(\(6\))2371 7128 w
( 302)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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329 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( CONS)1 4133(CONS \( 3 \))3 407 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(For debugging, two control\255T's followed by a letter generate console output:)10 3095 1 1080 1080 t
10 CW f
(^T^Tp)4203 1080 w
10 R f
(prints data about pro\255)3 869 1 4531 1080 t
(cesses,)1080 1200 w
10 CW f
(^T^Tq)1390 1200 w
10 R f
(prints data about streams,)3 1051 1 1726 1200 t
10 CW f
(^T^Tm)2812 1200 w
10 R f
(prints data about the mount device,)5 1454 1 3147 1200 t
10 CW f
(^T^Tb)4636 1200 w
10 R f
(prints data)1 429 1 4971 1200 t
(about the bitblt device, and)4 1085 1 1080 1320 t
10 CW f
(^T^Tx)2190 1320 w
10 R f
(prints date about kernel memory allocation.)5 1742 1 2515 1320 t
(The system can be rebooted by typing)6 1520 1 1080 1488 t
10 CW f
(^T^Tr.)2625 1488 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 303)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( CYC)1 4194(CYC \( 3 \))3 346 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(cyc)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1243 1080 w
10 R f
(Cyclone fiber interface)2 919 1 1333 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind #C /dev)2 720 1 1080 1368 t
(/dev/cyc)1080 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 R f
(The)1080 1824 w
10 I f
(cyc)1269 1824 w
10 R f
( Cyclone CVME961 \()3 910(device drives the)2 694 2 1435 1824 t
10 I f
(not)3047 1824 w
10 R f
(960\) card with an attached SQFBR Squall module to)8 2190 1 3210 1824 t
( machines must of)3 730( Both)1 245( server.)1 293(provide a high\255speed point\255to\255point 9P link between a CPU server and a file)12 3052 4 1080 1944 t
( using)1 253( debugging, the Cyclone may be loaded with on\255board software)9 2630( For)1 199(course have VME buses.)3 1022 4 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(xms)5220 2064 w
10 R f
(\(see)1080 2184 w
10 I f
(con)1270 2184 w
10 R f
( production, though, it is easiest to replace)7 1718( In)1 137( ROM supplied with the device.)5 1297(\(1\)\) and the NINDY)3 826 4 1422 2184 t
(the ROM with the program in the directory)7 1793 1 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(/sys/src/fs/cyc)2908 2304 w
10 R f
( software)1 379( either case, the on\255board)4 1045(. In)1 168 3 3808 2304 t
( of the boards must be in a CPU server,)9 1579( One)1 217( of the fiber.)3 496(expects an identical Cyclone to be at the other end)9 2028 4 1080 2424 t
(the other in a file server; the systems configure their respective boards dynamically as appropriate.)14 3933 1 1080 2544 t
(The driver serves a single file,)5 1273 1 1080 2712 t
10 CW f
(/dev/cyc)2392 2712 w
10 R f
( opened, the file initializes the connection to the file)9 2201(. When)1 327 2 2872 2712 t
( Typically)1 452( resulting file descriptor should be used only to send and receive 9P messages.)13 3376(server. The)1 492 3 1080 2832 t
10 I f
(boot)1080 2952 w
10 R f
(\(8\) will open)2 570 1 1266 2952 t
10 CW f
(/dev/cyc)1888 2952 w
10 R f
(, prime the connection by sending)5 1489 1 2368 2952 t
10 CW f
(nop)3909 2952 w
10 R f
(and)4141 2952 w
10 CW f
(session)4337 2952 w
10 R f
(messages \(see)1 590 1 4810 2952 t
10 I f
(attach)1080 3072 w
10 R f
(\(5\)\), and then)2 550 1 1338 3072 t
10 CW f
(mount)1918 3072 w
10 R f
(\(see)2248 3072 w
10 I f
(bind)2437 3072 w
10 R f
( Thenceforth)1 541(\(2\)\) the file descriptor in the CPU server's name space.)9 2236 2 2623 3072 t
(all activity on)2 550 1 1080 3192 t
10 CW f
(/dev/cyc)1655 3192 w
10 R f
(will be mediated by the mount driver)6 1482 1 2160 3192 t
10 I f
(mnt)3667 3192 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\).)3825 3192 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3360 t
10 CW f
(/sys/src/fs/cyc)1080 3480 w
10 R f
(Directory of on\255board software for the Cyclone.)6 1914 1 1500 3600 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3768 t
10 I f
(CVME960, CVM961 Single Board Computer User's Manual)6 2639 1 1080 3888 t
10 R f
(and)3778 3888 w
10 I f
( Manual,)1 396(SQFBR User's)1 630 2 3981 3888 t
10 R f
(Cyclone)5067 3888 w
(Microsystems, Inc., New Haven, CT, 1\255203\2557865536)5 2130 1 1080 4008 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4176 t
10 R f
(The driver is specific to the SGI Power Series, although the device should operate on any VME bus.)17 4002 1 1080 4296 t
( 304)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( DATAKIT)1 3957(DATAKIT \( 3 \))3 583 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(incon, hsvme, hs386)2 822 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1927 1080 w
10 R f
(Datakit interface)1 667 1 2017 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind \255a #i /dev)3 900 1 1080 1368 t
(bind \255a #h /dev)3 900 1 1080 1488 t
(#i/data)1080 1728 w
(#i/ctl)1080 1848 w
(#h/data)1080 1968 w
(#h/ctl)1080 2088 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2256 t
10 R f
( write to the data file is)6 933( Each)1 251( a control file.)3 566(The Datakit interface is a stream directory containing a data and)10 2570 4 1080 2376 t
( low order byte)3 619( first two bytes of the message are a 9\255bit virtual circuit number,)12 2625( The)1 210(a structured message.)2 866 4 1080 2496 t
( data bytes are sent onto the Datakit vir\255)8 1621( The)1 208( data bytes.)2 458( rest are)2 319( The)1 207( third byte is a control byte.)6 1114(first. The)1 393 7 1080 2616 t
(tual circuit, tagged as data, followed by the control byte, tagged as control.)12 2984 1 1080 2736 t
( read terminates at the end)5 1065( A)1 125(Messages coming from Datakit are read from the data file in the same format.)13 3130 3 1080 2904 t
( largest possible received message is 1024 + 3 bytes.)9 2103( The)1 205(of a message.)2 540 3 1080 3024 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 305)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( DK)1 4256(DK \( 3 \))3 284 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(dk)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1205 1080 w
10 R f
(Datakit conversations)1 868 1 1295 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind #k)1 385 1 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(name)1473 1368 w
10 CW f
(/net/dk)1714 1368 w
(bind #i)1 385 1 1080 1488 t
10 I f
(name)1473 1488 w
10 CW f
(/net/dk)1714 1488 w
(ctlfd = open\(".../ctl", ORDWR\);)3 1860 1 1080 1728 t
(write\(ctlfd, "push dkmux", 10\);)3 1860 1 1080 1848 t
(write\(ctlfd, "config)1 1200 1 1080 1968 t
10 I f
(csc)2340 1968 w
10 CW f
([no]restart)2492 1968 w
10 I f
(name nvc window)2 716 1 3177 1968 t
10 CW f
(", n\);)1 360 1 3893 1968 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2136 t
10 R f
(A Datakit device)2 688 1 1080 2256 t
10 S1 f
(\320)1768 2256 w
10 R f
(either)1868 2256 w
10 CW f
(k)2126 2256 w
10 R f
(for the regular Datakit or)4 1021 1 2217 2256 t
10 CW f
(i)3269 2256 w
10 R f
(for the Incon)2 527 1 3360 2256 t
10 S1 f
(\320)3887 2256 w
10 R f
(is a directory containing up to 256)6 1413 1 3987 2256 t
(directories, one per virtual circuit, named)5 1674 1 1080 2376 t
10 CW f
(0)2784 2376 w
10 R f
(through)2874 2376 w
10 CW f
(255,)3215 2376 w
10 R f
(and a special file named)4 980 1 3485 2376 t
10 CW f
(clone)4494 2376 w
10 R f
( specifier)1 372(. The)1 234 2 4794 2376 t
10 I f
(name)1080 2496 w
10 R f
( physical device that its virtual circuits are multiplexed over \(see)10 2739(matches the Datakit device to a)5 1325 2 1336 2496 t
10 I f
(dkmux)1080 2616 w
10 R f
(below\).)1365 2616 w
(Normally, the standard routines)3 1292 1 1080 2784 t
10 I f
(dial)2406 2784 w
10 R f
(,)2570 2784 w
10 I f
(hangup)2629 2784 w
10 R f
(,)2937 2784 w
10 I f
(listen)2996 2784 w
10 R f
(, and)1 203 1 3221 2784 t
10 I f
(announce)3458 2784 w
10 R f
(\(see)3880 2784 w
10 I f
(dial)4074 2784 w
10 R f
( to make, listen)3 641(\(2\)\) are used)2 521 2 4238 2784 t
( the following properties of any multiplexed)6 1819( routines expect)2 652( The)1 215(for, and control calls over any network.)6 1634 4 1080 2904 t
(network, not just Datakit.)3 1019 1 1080 3024 t
(Opening the)1 492 1 1080 3192 t
10 I f
(clone)1598 3192 w
10 R f
( a macro for opening the)5 988(file is)1 226 2 1840 3192 t
10 CW f
(ctl)3081 3192 w
10 R f
( any)1 171( Reading)1 385(file of an unused virtual circuit.)5 1269 3 3288 3192 t
10 I f
(ctl)5140 3192 w
10 R f
(file)5267 3192 w
( reading)1 331( example,)1 396( For)1 197(returns the name of the virtual circuit directory.)7 1952 4 1080 3312 t
10 CW f
(#k/17/ctl)3988 3312 w
10 R f
(will return the string)3 840 1 4560 3312 t
10 CW f
(17)1080 3432 w
10 R f
(.)1200 3432 w
(Each virtual circuit directory contains the files:)6 1880 1 1080 3600 t
10 CW f
(ctl)1080 3768 w
10 R f
(to control the virtual circuit: establish a connection, hang it up, etc.)11 2675 1 1580 3768 t
10 CW f
(data)1080 3936 w
10 R f
(to converse with the remote end \(via read and write\))9 2086 1 1580 3936 t
10 CW f
(listen)1080 4104 w
10 R f
(to listen for calls \(after announcing; see below\))7 1882 1 1580 4104 t
10 CW f
(other)1080 4272 w
10 R f
(information about the conversation)3 1401 1 1580 4272 t
10 CW f
(raddr)1080 4440 w
10 R f
(the address of the remote end)5 1172 1 1580 4440 t
10 CW f
(ruser)1080 4608 w
10 R f
(the id of the user at the remote end \(when applicable\))10 2128 1 1580 4608 t
(To set up and tear down virtual circuits a process writes textual commands to the)14 3234 1 1080 4776 t
10 CW f
(ctl)4339 4776 w
10 R f
(file:)4544 4776 w
10 CW f
(connect)1080 4944 w
10 I f
(addr)1533 4944 w
10 R f
(connect to address)2 737 1 1780 4944 t
10 I f
(addr)2542 4944 w
10 R f
( the connection fails, the write returns an error.)8 1873(. If)1 141 2 2739 4944 t
10 CW f
(hangup)1080 5112 w
10 R f
(tear down a connected virtual circuit.)5 1485 1 1780 5112 t
10 CW f
(announce)1080 5280 w
10 I f
(name)1593 5280 w
10 R f
(announce the readiness to accept calls to)6 1618 1 1780 5400 t
10 I f
(name)3423 5400 w
10 R f
(.)3647 5400 w
10 CW f
(accept)1080 5568 w
10 I f
(n)1473 5568 w
10 R f
(accept the call on virtual circuit)5 1261 1 1780 5568 t
10 I f
(n)3066 5568 w
10 R f
(.)3124 5568 w
10 CW f
(reject)1080 5736 w
10 I f
(n e)1 119 1 1473 5736 t
10 R f
(reject the call on virtual circuit)5 1228 1 1780 5736 t
10 I f
(n)3033 5736 w
10 R f
(with error code)2 609 1 3108 5736 t
10 I f
(e. e)1 138 1 3742 5736 t
10 R f
(must be a number from 0 to 7.)7 1210 1 3905 5736 t
( converse with the remote service by reading and writing the)10 2487(Once a virtual circuit is set up, a process can)9 1833 2 1080 5904 t
10 CW f
(data)1080 6024 w
10 R f
( boundaries are preserved.)3 1046(file. Write)1 435 2 1345 6024 t
(Accepting calls to)2 721 1 1080 6192 t
10 I f
(name)1826 6192 w
10 R f
(requires the following dance:)3 1167 1 2067 6192 t
(1\) announce)1 742 1 1080 6360 t
10 I f
(name)1847 6360 w
10 R f
(on a virtual circuit.)3 760 1 2088 6360 t
( the)1 151(2\) open)1 554 2 1080 6528 t
10 CW f
(listen)1814 6528 w
10 R f
( a call comes in on a virtual circuit)8 1421( When)1 293( that virtual circuit's directory.)4 1243(file in)1 240 4 2203 6528 t
(for)1440 6648 w
10 I f
(name,)1586 6648 w
10 R f
(the open will return with the file descriptor open to the control file of the incoming vir\255)16 3543 1 1857 6648 t
(tual circuit.)1 455 1 1440 6768 t
( or reject the call by writing an)7 1354(3\) accept)1 614 2 1080 6936 t
10 CW f
(accept)3091 6936 w
10 R f
(or)3494 6936 w
10 CW f
(reject)3620 6936 w
10 R f
(command to the)2 682 1 4024 6936 t
10 CW f
(ctl)4750 6936 w
10 R f
(file of the)2 426 1 4974 6936 t
(announced virtual circuit.)2 1023 1 1440 7056 t
( 306)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( DK)1 4256(DK \( 3 \))3 284 3 720 480 t
(A)1080 960 w
10 I f
(dkmux)1181 960 w
10 R f
( sub\255)1 201( The)1 209(module pushed onto a stream makes that stream a multiplexed connection to a Datakit.)13 3520 3 1470 960 t
(sequent)1080 1080 w
10 CW f
(config)1411 1080 w
10 R f
( a)1 69(control message configures the multiplexer and matches it to)8 2438 2 1797 1080 t
10 I f
(dk)4329 1080 w
10 R f
( parameters)1 462(device. The)1 490 2 4448 1080 t
(to the)1 225 1 1080 1200 t
10 CW f
(config)1330 1200 w
10 R f
(message are)1 484 1 1715 1200 t
10 I f
(csc)1080 1368 w
10 R f
(the line number of the common signalling channel \(must be)9 2384 1 1440 1368 t
10 S f
(>)3849 1368 w
10 R f
(0\))3929 1368 w
10 I f
(nvc)1080 1536 w
10 R f
(the number of virtual circuits \(optional; default chosen by Datakit\))9 2660 1 1440 1536 t
([)1080 1704 w
10 CW f
(no)1113 1704 w
10 R f
(])1233 1704 w
10 CW f
(restart)1266 1704 w
10 R f
(the word)1 356 1 1440 1824 t
10 CW f
(restart)1825 1824 w
10 R f
(or)2274 1824 w
10 CW f
(norestart)2386 1824 w
10 R f
(\(optional; default is)2 791 1 2955 1824 t
10 CW f
(restart)3775 1824 w
10 R f
(\).)4195 1824 w
10 CW f
(Restart)4307 1824 w
10 R f
(tells the Datakit)2 643 1 4757 1824 t
(to forget all previous connections and authentications for this machine.)9 2835 1 1440 1944 t
10 I f
(name)1080 2112 w
10 R f
(The name used in binding)4 1038 1 1440 2112 t
10 I f
(dk)2503 2112 w
10 R f
(device.)2622 2112 w
10 I f
(window)1080 2280 w
10 R f
(the default URP window size for virtual circuits on this Datakit line \(default is 2048\).)14 3416 1 1440 2280 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2448 t
10 CW f
(#k/clone)1080 2568 w
(#k/[0\255255])1080 2688 w
(#k/[0\255255]/data)1080 2808 w
(#k/[0\255255]/ctl)1080 2928 w
(#k/[0\255255]/listen)1080 3048 w
(#k/[0\255255]/ruser)1080 3168 w
(#k/[0\255255]/raddr)1080 3288 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3456 t
10 I f
(stream)1080 3576 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1360 3576 w
10 I f
(dkconfig)1526 3576 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1878 3576 w
10 I f
(datakit)2044 3576 w
10 R f
(\(3\))2330 3576 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 307)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( DUP)1 4200(DUP \( 3 \))3 340 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(dup)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1255 1080 w
10 R f
(dups of open files)3 713 1 1345 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind #d /fd)2 660 1 1080 1368 t
(/fd/0)1080 1608 w
(/fd/1)1080 1728 w
10 R f
(...)1080 1848 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2016 t
10 R f
(The)1080 2136 w
10 I f
(dup)1266 2136 w
10 R f
( file of)2 280( A)1 129( one\255level directory containing files whose names are decimal numbers.)9 2929(device serves a)2 615 4 1447 2136 t
(name)1080 2256 w
10 I f
(n)1321 2256 w
10 R f
(corresponds to open file descriptor)4 1386 1 1396 2256 t
10 I f
(n)2807 2256 w
10 R f
(in the current process.)3 881 1 2882 2256 t
(An)1080 2424 w
10 I f
(open)1234 2424 w
10 R f
(\(5\) of file)2 396 1 1436 2424 t
10 I f
(n)1864 2424 w
10 R f
(results in a file descriptor identical to what would be returned from a)12 2829 1 1946 2424 t
10 I f
(dup)4808 2424 w
10 CW f
(\()4966 2424 w
10 I f
(n)5034 2424 w
10 CW f
(, \2551\))1 308 1 5092 2424 t
10 R f
( that the result is no longer a file in the)10 1543( Note)1 244(system call.)1 472 3 1080 2544 t
10 I f
(dup)3364 2544 w
10 R f
(device.)3539 2544 w
(The)1080 2712 w
10 I f
(stat)1266 2712 w
10 R f
( stat of)2 286( A)1 129( to.)1 135(operation returns information about the device file, not the open file it points)12 3138 4 1442 2712 t
10 CW f
(#d/)5162 2712 w
10 I f
(n)5350 2712 w
10 R f
(will contain)1 479 1 1080 2832 t
10 I f
(n)1588 2832 w
10 R f
( whether)1 349(for the name, 0 for the length, and 0400, 0200, or 0600 for the mode, depending on)16 3384 2 1667 2832 t
(the dup target is open for reading, writing, or both.)9 2025 1 1080 2952 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3120 t
10 I f
(dup)1080 3240 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1238 3240 w
( 308)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( ENV)1 4195(ENV \( 3 \))3 345 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(env)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1249 1080 w
10 R f
(environment variables)1 890 1 1339 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind #e /env)2 720 1 1080 1368 t
(/env/)1080 1608 w
10 I f
(var1)1388 1608 w
10 CW f
(/env/)1080 1728 w
10 I f
(var2)1388 1728 w
10 R f
(...)1105 1848 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2016 t
10 R f
(The)1080 2136 w
10 I f
(env)1272 2136 w
10 R f
( The)1 218( and contents.)2 578(device serves a one\255level file directory containing files with arbitrary names)10 3157 3 1447 2136 t
( name is the name of an)6 1014(intention is that the file)4 976 2 1080 2256 t
10 I f
(environment variable)1 868 1 3106 2256 t
10 R f
(\(see)4010 2256 w
10 I f
(rc)4206 2256 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\), and the content is the)5 1103 1 4297 2256 t
(variable's current value.)2 966 1 1080 2376 t
(When a)1 310 1 1080 2544 t
10 I f
(fork)1418 2544 w
10 R f
( creates a new process, both the parent and the child continue to see exactly the)15 3219(\(2\) system call)2 594 2 1587 2544 t
(same files in the)3 682 1 1080 2664 t
10 I f
(env)1797 2664 w
10 R f
( contrast, an)2 503( In)1 142( process can be noticed by the other.)7 1515(device: changes made in either)4 1270 4 1970 2664 t
10 CW f
(rfork)1080 2784 w
10 R f
(system call with the)3 818 1 1412 2784 t
10 CW f
(RFENVG)2262 2784 w
10 R f
(bit set \(see)2 441 1 2654 2784 t
10 I f
(fork)3127 2784 w
10 R f
( split: initially both process groups see)6 1587(\(2\)\) causes a)2 517 2 3296 2784 t
(the same environment files, but any changes made in one process group cannot be noticed by the other.)17 4123 1 1080 2904 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3072 t
10 I f
(rc)1080 3192 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1171 3192 w
10 I f
(fork)1337 3192 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1506 3192 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3360 t
10 R f
(A write starting at an offset after the current extent of a file yields an error instead of zero filling.)19 3868 1 1080 3480 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 309)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( FCALL)1 4083(FCALL \( 3 \))3 457 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(fcall)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1282 1080 w
10 R f
(recreate packet delimiters)2 1024 1 1372 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(Fctlfd = open\(".../ctl", ORDWR\);)3 1920 1 1080 1368 t
(Fwrite\(ctlfd, "push fcall", 10\);)3 1920 1 1080 1488 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 CW f
(Fcall is a)2 602 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(stream module)1 592 1 1708 1776 t
10 R f
(\(see)2326 1776 w
10 I f
(stream)2512 1776 w
10 R f
( can be pushed onto a connection to a 9P file server. The)12 2283(\(3\)\) that)1 325 2 2792 1776 t
( 9P protocol demands that)4 1064( The)1 210( recreate packet delimiters lost in transmission.)6 1908(function of the module is to)5 1138 4 1080 1896 t
( based proto\255)2 535( Stream)1 340( server.)1 300(network connections preserve delimiters between messages written to the file)9 3145 4 1080 2016 t
( The delimiters must be recreated by the receiver before a)10 2338(cols, like TCP, are unable to preserve delimiters.)7 1982 2 1080 2136 t
(packet is read by a file system.)6 1228 1 1080 2256 t
10 I f
(Fcall)1080 2424 w
10 R f
( identifies 9P messages from their type. The length of the message is com\255)13 2987(examines a data stream and)4 1097 2 1316 2424 t
( 9P message has)3 658( is collected and buffered by the stream module until an entire)11 2509( Data)1 241(puted from the header.)3 912 4 1080 2544 t
(been assembled. A single message is then delimited and sent upstream to be read by a file server.)17 3879 1 1080 2664 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2832 t
10 I f
(stream)1080 2952 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1360 2952 w
10 I f
(ip)1526 2952 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1612 2952 w
10 I f
(exportfs)1778 2952 w
10 R f
(\(4\),)2108 2952 w
10 I f
(srv)2274 2952 w
10 R f
(\(4\))2404 2952 w
( 310)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( FLOPPY)1 4027(FLOPPY \( 3 \))3 513 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(floppy)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1366 1080 w
10 R f
(floppy disk interface)2 826 1 1456 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind #f /dev)2 720 1 1080 1368 t
(/dev/fd0disk)1080 1608 w
(/dev/fd1disk)1080 1728 w
(/dev/fd2disk)1080 1848 w
(/dev/fd3disk)1080 1968 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2136 t
10 R f
( Each)1 255( drives.)1 300(The floppy disk interface serves a one\255level directory giving access to up to four floppy disk)15 3765 3 1080 2256 t
( are no partitions.)3 699( There)1 282(drive is represented as a single file.)6 1405 3 1080 2376 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 311)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( HARD)1 4117(HARD \( 3 \))3 423 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(hard, wren)1 426 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1531 1080 w
10 R f
(hard disk interface)2 742 1 1621 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind)1080 1368 w
(#w[)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(target)1268 1488 w
10 CW f
([.)1515 1488 w
10 I f
(lun)1643 1488 w
10 CW f
(]]/dev)1779 1488 w
(/dev/hd0disk)1080 1728 w
(/dev/hd0partition)1080 1848 w
10 R f
(...)1105 1968 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2136 t
10 R f
(The hard disk interfaces \()4 1067 1 1080 2256 t
10 I f
(wren)2155 2256 w
10 R f
(is a SCSI disk;)3 629 1 2392 2256 t
10 I f
(hard)3058 2256 w
10 R f
( a one\255level)2 491(is a Safari's internal ST506 disk\) serve)6 1625 2 3284 2256 t
( parameter to)2 538( The)1 211( access to the hard disk partitions.)6 1387(directory giving)1 648 4 1080 2376 t
10 CW f
(attach)3895 2376 w
10 R f
(defines the numerical SCSI)3 1114 1 4286 2376 t
10 I f
(target)1080 2496 w
10 R f
( default to zero.)3 626( Both)1 245(and logical unit number to access.)5 1359 3 1344 2496 t
( is prefixed by)3 592(Each partition name)2 814 2 1080 2664 t
10 CW f
(hd)2517 2664 w
10 R f
( partition)1 370( The)1 211(and the numeric drive identifier.)4 1313 3 2668 2664 t
10 CW f
(disk)4593 2664 w
10 R f
(always exists)1 536 1 4864 2664 t
( size of each partition as reported by)7 1505( The)1 213(and covers the entire disk.)4 1081 3 1080 2784 t
10 I f
(stat)3912 2784 w
10 R f
(\(2\) is the number of bytes in the)7 1335 1 4065 2784 t
(partition, so the size of)4 913 1 1080 2904 t
10 CW f
(disk)2018 2904 w
10 R f
(is the size of the entire disk.)6 1118 1 2283 2904 t
(The partition)1 524 1 1080 3072 t
10 CW f
(partition)1634 3072 w
10 R f
( it contains valid partition)4 1052( If)1 122( it is the last block on the disk.)8 1268(also always exists;)2 754 4 2204 3072 t
( time the device is bound, the partitions are updated to)10 2227( Every)1 294( as well.)2 342(data, those partitions will be visible)5 1457 4 1080 3192 t
(reflect any changes in the partition file.)6 1566 1 1080 3312 t
(The format of the)3 701 1 1080 3480 t
10 CW f
(partition)1806 3480 w
10 R f
(file is the string)3 625 1 2371 3480 t
10 CW f
(plan9 partitions)1 960 1 1440 3648 t
10 R f
( and textual strings for the)5 1106(on a line, followed by a partition specification on a line consisting of a name)14 3214 2 1080 3816 t
(block start and limit on the disk.)6 1292 1 1080 3936 t
(The program)1 518 1 1080 4104 t
10 I f
(prep)1623 4104 w
10 R f
(\(8\) writes the)2 532 1 1814 4104 t
10 CW f
(partition)2371 4104 w
10 R f
(table for the disk; its use is preferred to writing it by hand.)12 2328 1 2936 4104 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4272 t
10 I f
(prep)1080 4392 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1271 4392 w
10 I f
(scsi)1437 4392 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1595 4392 w
( 312)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( IP)1 4311(IP \( 3 \))3 229 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(ip)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1183 1080 w
10 R f
(TCP, UDP, IL network protocols over IP)6 1643 1 1273 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind \255a #Itcp /net)3 1080 1 1080 1368 t
(bind \255a #Iudp /net)3 1080 1 1080 1488 t
(bind \255a #Iil /net)3 1020 1 1080 1608 t
(#Itcp/tcp/clone)1080 1848 w
(#Itcp/tcp/[0\2557])1080 1968 w
(#Itcp/tcp/[0\2557]/data)1080 2088 w
(#Itcp/tcp/[0\2557]/ctl)1080 2208 w
(#Itcp/tcp/[0\2557]/local)1080 2328 w
(#Itcp/tcp/[0\2557]/remote)1080 2448 w
(#Itcp/tcp/[0\2557]/status)1080 2568 w
(#Itcp/tcp/[0\2557]/listen)1080 2688 w
10 R f
(...)1080 2808 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2976 t
10 R f
( and UDP)2 408( TCP)1 241( the interface for several protocols that run over IP on an Ethernet.)12 2730(The IP device provides)3 941 4 1080 3096 t
( pro\255)1 192( IL)1 145( unreliable datagram communication.)3 1495(provide the standard Internet protocols for reliable stream and)8 2488 4 1080 3216 t
( is the protocol of choice)5 1000( IL)1 146( service for communication between Plan 9 machines.)7 2171(vides a reliable datagram)3 1003 4 1080 3336 t
(for most Plan 9 services.)4 985 1 1080 3456 t
( connection by a set of device files.)7 1443(Each of the protocols is served by the IP device, which represents each)12 2877 2 1080 3624 t
( level directory of each protocol contains a)7 1760(The top)1 317 2 1080 3744 t
10 CW f
(clone)3190 3744 w
10 R f
(file and subdirectories numbered from zero to)6 1877 1 3523 3744 t
(the number of connections configured for this protocol.)7 2213 1 1080 3864 t
(Opening the)1 495 1 1080 4032 t
10 CW f
(clone)1604 4032 w
10 R f
( from the)2 376( file descriptor returned)3 951( The)1 209(file reserves a connection.)3 1053 4 1933 4032 t
10 I f
(open)4552 4032 w
10 R f
(\(2\) will point to)3 646 1 4754 4032 t
(the control file,)2 629 1 1080 4152 t
10 CW f
(ctl)1742 4152 w
10 R f
( the)1 154( Reading)1 390( connection.)1 495(, of the newly allocated)4 966 4 1922 4152 t
10 CW f
(ctl)3959 4152 w
10 R f
(file returns a text string repre\255)5 1229 1 4171 4152 t
( may be used either to listen for incoming calls or to ini\255)12 2260( Connections)1 551(senting the number of the connection.)5 1509 3 1080 4272 t
(tiate calls to other machines.)4 1140 1 1080 4392 t
(A connection is controlled by writing text strings to the associated)10 2718 1 1080 4560 t
10 CW f
(ctl)3830 4560 w
10 R f
( has been)2 387( a connection)2 546(file. After)1 425 3 4042 4560 t
( the datagram services, IL and UDP, a)7 1570( For)1 196( file.)1 190(established data may be read from and written to the data)10 2364 4 1080 4680 t
10 CW f
(read)1080 4800 w
10 R f
( write to)2 347( Each)1 256( cause the entire datagram to be consumed.)7 1767(of less than the length of a datagram will)8 1679 4 1351 4800 t
( connection)1 469( TCP protocol provides a stream)5 1331( The)1 212(the data file will send a single datagram on the network.)10 2308 4 1080 4920 t
(that does not preserve)3 873 1 1080 5040 t
10 CW f
(read)1978 5040 w
10 R f
(/)2218 5040 w
10 CW f
(write)2246 5040 w
10 R f
(boundaries.)2571 5040 w
( outgoing calls the)3 775( For)1 202( and local addresses must be set for the connection.)9 2163(Prior to sending data remote)4 1180 4 1080 5208 t
( are set by writing control messages)6 1455( Addresses)1 464(local port number will be allocated randomly if none is set.)10 2401 3 1080 5328 t
(to the)1 233 1 1080 5448 t
10 CW f
(ctl)1346 5448 w
10 R f
( IL)1 128( For)1 198( connection is not established until the data file is opened.)10 2402( The)1 213(file of the connection.)3 900 5 1559 5448 t
( opens always)2 560( UDP)1 251(and TCP the process will block until the remote host has acknowledged the connection.)13 3509 3 1080 5568 t
(succeed.)1080 5688 w
(The following control messages are supported:)5 1872 1 1080 5856 t
10 CW f
(connect)1080 6024 w
10 I f
(ipaddress)1533 6024 w
10 CW f
(!)1930 6024 w
10 I f
(port)1998 6024 w
10 CW f
([!r])2173 6024 w
10 R f
( the)1 148( If)1 116(Set the remote IP address and port number for the connection.)10 2476 3 1440 6144 t
10 I f
(r)4206 6144 w
10 R f
(flag is supplied and no local)5 1129 1 4271 6144 t
( a restricted port number \(less than 1024\) for the)9 1932(address has been specified the system will allocate)7 2028 2 1440 6264 t
(connection to allow communication with Unix machines login/exec services.)8 3077 1 1440 6384 t
10 CW f
(disconnect)1080 6552 w
10 R f
( the remote address of a UDP connection.)7 1663( Clear)1 266(\(UDP only.\))1 494 3 1440 6672 t
10 CW f
(announce)1080 6840 w
10 I f
(port)1593 6840 w
10 R f
(Set the local address to)4 921 1 1440 6960 t
10 I f
(port.)2386 6960 w
10 R f
(The local IP address can not be set.)7 1408 1 2603 6960 t
10 CW f
(backlog)1080 7128 w
10 I f
(n)1533 7128 w
10 R f
( given service to)3 693( the maximum number of pending requests for a)8 2013( Set)1 189(\(IL and TCP only.\))3 799 4 1440 7248 t
10 I f
(n.)5171 7248 w
10 R f
(By)5283 7248 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 313)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( IP)1 4311(IP \( 3 \))3 229 3 720 480 t
(default)1440 960 w
10 I f
(n)1749 960 w
10 R f
( more than)2 439( If)1 122(is set to five.)3 532 3 1831 960 t
10 I f
(n)2955 960 w
10 R f
(connections are pending further requests for a service will)8 2364 1 3036 960 t
(be rejected.)1 459 1 1440 1080 t
( a local port has not been announced prior to a)10 1876( If)1 119(Port numbers must be in the range 1 to 32767.)9 1876 3 1080 1248 t
10 CW f
(connect)4980 1248 w
10 R f
( ports are allocated from 5000 up.)6 1350( Local)1 277(a local port number will be allocated automatically.)7 2058 3 1080 1368 t
( The)1 213(Several files report the status of a connection.)7 1880 2 1080 1536 t
10 CW f
(remote)3206 1536 w
10 R f
(and)3599 1536 w
10 CW f
(local)3776 1536 w
10 R f
(files contain the IP address and)5 1290 1 4110 1536 t
( The)1 206(port number for the remote and local side of the connection.)10 2408 2 1080 1656 t
10 CW f
(status)3720 1656 w
10 R f
(file contains protocol\255dependent)2 1294 1 4106 1656 t
(information to help debug network connections.)5 1920 1 1080 1776 t
(A process may accept incoming connections by calling)7 2248 1 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
(open)3360 1944 w
10 R f
(on the)1 254 1 3632 1944 t
10 CW f
(listen)3919 1944 w
10 R f
(file. The)1 371 1 4312 1944 t
10 CW f
(open)4716 1944 w
10 R f
(will block)1 411 1 4989 1944 t
( Then)1 261( arrives.)1 327(until a new connection request)4 1248 3 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(open)2947 2064 w
10 R f
(will return an open file descriptor which points to the)9 2182 1 3218 2064 t
( procedure will accept all calls for the given protocol.)9 2134( This)1 228(control file of the newly accepted connection.)6 1826 3 1080 2184 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2352 t
10 I f
(listen)1080 2472 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1305 2472 w
10 I f
(dial)1471 2472 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1635 2472 w
10 I f
(ndb)1801 2472 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1959 2472 w
( 314)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( IPROUTE)1 3978(IPROUTE \( 3 \))3 562 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(iproute)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1388 1080 w
10 R f
(Internet route table manager)3 1127 1 1478 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind)1080 1368 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1380 1368 w
10 CW f
(a #P /net)2 540 1 1445 1368 t
(/net/iproute)1080 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 R f
(The)1080 1824 w
10 I f
(iproute)1271 1824 w
10 R f
( a kernel\255)2 400( maintains)1 425( It)1 122(device allows the specification of routes for families of IP addresses.)10 2857 4 1596 1824 t
( route consists of a destination IP)6 1369( Each)1 256( for IP addresses used by TCP, IL and UDP.)9 1830(resident routing table)2 865 4 1080 1944 t
( the)1 149( packet sent by the system is routed according to)9 1948( Every)1 289(address, an IP mask, and an IP gateway address.)8 1934 4 1080 2064 t
( when a packet's destination address matches the table)8 2181( address matches the route table entry)6 1514( An)1 174(route table.)1 451 4 1080 2184 t
( is found, the packet is sent to the gateway IP address. If)12 2282(destination address under the mask. When a match)7 2038 2 1080 2304 t
( there are several matches, the)5 1221( If)1 120(there is no match, the packet is sent with the original destination address.)12 2979 3 1080 2424 t
( of IP masks, this mask)5 943( of the definition)3 675( \(Because)1 417(one whose mask has the fewest leading zeroes is chosen.)9 2285 4 1080 2544 t
( storing the)2 452( is forced by)3 502( This)1 230(preserves the largest portion of the address and is therefore the most specific.\))12 3136 4 1080 2664 t
( default gateway has no ones)5 1180( The)1 211( of ones order and returning the first match.)8 1786(routes in decreasing number)3 1143 4 1080 2784 t
(in the mask and is thus the last matched.)8 1613 1 1080 2904 t
(Reading)1080 3072 w
10 CW f
(iproute)1444 3072 w
10 R f
( to)1 110( control messages)2 722( Writing)1 367(reports the current routes entered in the table.)7 1854 4 1895 3072 t
10 CW f
(iproute)4980 3072 w
10 R f
( entries are made by writing a string of format)9 1838( Route)1 289(edits the table.)2 580 3 1080 3192 t
10 CW f
(add)1440 3360 w
10 I f
(ipdest mask ipgateway)2 905 1 1680 3360 t
10 R f
(Entries are deleted by writing a string of format)8 1902 1 1080 3528 t
10 CW f
(delete)1440 3696 w
10 I f
(ipdest mask)1 469 1 1860 3696 t
10 R f
(The whole table can be cleared by writing the string)9 2076 1 1080 3864 t
10 CW f
(flush)3181 3864 w
10 R f
(.)3481 3864 w
(For example, to install a gateway address to accept all IP packets from a machine:)14 3274 1 1080 4032 t
10 CW f
(g% echo 'add 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.20.225.225' > /net/iproute)7 3540 1 1440 4200 t
(g% cat /net/iproute)2 1140 1 1440 4320 t
(0.0.0.0 & 0.0.0.0 \255> 192.20.225.225)4 2100 1 1440 4440 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4608 t
10 I f
(ip)1080 4728 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1166 4728 w
10 I f
(ipconfig)1332 4728 w
10 R f
(\(8\))1668 4728 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 315)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( KPROF)1 4077(KPROF \( 3 \))3 463 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(kprof)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1321 1080 w
10 R f
(kernel profiling)1 624 1 1411 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind)1080 1368 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1380 1368 w
10 CW f
(a #T /dev)2 540 1 1445 1368 t
(/dev/kpctl)1080 1608 w
(/dev/kpdata)1080 1728 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1896 t
10 R f
(The)1080 2016 w
10 I f
(kprof)1264 2016 w
10 R f
( by)1 130( data accumulates)2 717( The)1 234(device provides simple profiling data for the operating system kernel.)9 2815 4 1504 2016 t
(recording the program counter of the kernel at each `tick' of the system clock.)13 3114 1 1080 2136 t
(The file)1 315 1 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(kpdata)1422 2304 w
10 R f
( size of the)3 444( The)1 207(holds the accumulated counts as 4\255byte integers in big\255endian byte order.)10 2940 3 1809 2304 t
( during profil\255)2 576( first count holds the total number of clock ticks)9 1972( The)1 211(file depends on the size of kernel text.)7 1561 4 1080 2424 t
( rest each hold the)4 778( The)1 218( that occurred while the kernel was running.)7 1848(ing; the second the number of ticks)6 1476 4 1080 2544 t
( range of kernel text, start\255)5 1068(number of ticks the kernel program counter was within the corresponding 8\255byte)11 3252 2 1080 2664 t
(ing from the base of kernel text.)6 1278 1 1080 2784 t
(The file)1 317 1 1080 2952 t
10 CW f
(kpctl)1426 2952 w
10 R f
( string)1 258( the)1 151( Writing)1 365(controls profiling.)1 726 4 1755 2952 t
10 CW f
("start")3285 2952 w
10 R f
(to)3735 2952 w
10 CW f
(kpctl)3843 2952 w
10 R f
(begins profiling;)1 669 1 4173 2952 t
10 CW f
("stop")4872 2952 w
10 R f
(ter\255)5262 2952 w
( message)1 363( The)1 205(minates it.)1 417 3 1080 3072 t
10 CW f
("startclr")2090 3072 w
10 R f
(restarts profiling after zeroing the array of counts.)7 1989 1 2715 3072 t
(The program)1 518 1 1080 3240 t
10 I f
(kprof)1623 3240 w
10 R f
(\(see)1859 3240 w
10 I f
(prof)2044 3240 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\) formats the data for presentation.)5 1496 1 2219 3240 t
9 R f
( LE E)2 59( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 5 720 3408 t
10 R f
(The following)1 569 1 1080 3528 t
10 I f
(rc)1674 3528 w
10 R f
(\(1\) script runs a test program while profiling the kernel and reports the results.)13 3128 1 1765 3528 t
10 CW f
(bind \255a '#T' /dev)3 1020 1 1440 3768 t
(echo start > /dev/kpctl)3 1380 1 1440 3888 t
(runtest)1440 4008 w
(echo stop > /dev/kpctl)3 1320 1 1440 4128 t
(kprof /mips/9power /dev/kpdata)2 1800 1 1440 4248 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4416 t
10 I f
(prof)1080 4536 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1255 4536 w
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( LANCE)1 4067(LANCE \( 3 \))3 473 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(lance)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1315 1080 w
10 R f
(LANCE Ethernet device)2 981 1 1405 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind \255a #l /net)3 900 1 1080 1368 t
(#l/ether/clone)1080 1608 w
(#l/ether/[0\2557])1080 1728 w
(#l/ether/[0\2557]/data)1080 1848 w
(#l/ether/[0\2557]/ctl)1080 1968 w
(#l/ether/[0\2557]/stats)1080 2088 w
(#l/ether/[0\2557]/type)1080 2208 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2376 t
10 R f
( Ethernet interface is a directory containing 9 stream directories: one for each of 9 Ethernet)15 3797(The LANCE)1 523 2 1080 2496 t
(packet types and a)3 734 1 1080 2616 t
10 CW f
(clone)1839 2616 w
10 R f
(file.)2164 2616 w
(Each stream directory contains files to control the stream, receive and send data, and supply statistics.)15 4320 1 1080 2784 t
( up the corresponding open stream.)5 1413(Incoming Ethernet packets are demultiplexed by packet type and passed)9 2907 2 1080 2904 t
(Reading from the)2 701 1 1080 3024 t
10 CW f
(data)1807 3024 w
10 R f
( bound\255)1 310( read will terminate at packet)5 1166( A)1 123(file reads packets at the head of the stream.)8 1728 4 2073 3024 t
( write to the)3 525(aries. Each)1 477 2 1080 3144 t
10 CW f
(data)2122 3144 w
10 R f
( Ethernet address of the interface is)6 1491( The)1 219(file causes a packet to be sent.)6 1289 3 2401 3144 t
(inserted into the packet header as the source address.)8 2108 1 1080 3264 t
(A stream is assigned a packet type by opening its)9 2030 1 1080 3432 t
10 CW f
(ctl)3142 3432 w
10 R f
(file and writing)2 630 1 3354 3432 t
10 CW f
(connect)4016 3432 w
10 I f
(n)4468 3432 w
10 R f
(where)4550 3432 w
10 I f
(n)4825 3432 w
10 R f
(is a decimal)2 493 1 4907 3432 t
( multiple streams)2 691( If)1 117( value of \2551 stands for all types.)7 1266( A)1 123( identifying the Ethernet packet type.)5 1486(integer constant)1 637 6 1080 3552 t
(are assigned to a given packet type a copy of the packet is passed up each stream.)16 3250 1 1080 3672 t
(Reading the)1 480 1 1080 3840 t
10 CW f
(type)1585 3840 w
10 R f
( file)1 159( the stats)2 350( Reading)1 383(file returns the decimal value of the assigned Ethernet packet type.)10 2658 4 1850 3840 t
(returns status information and the Ethernet address of the interface.)9 2683 1 1080 3960 t
( whose destination address is that of the interface or is the)11 2486(An interface normally receives only packets)5 1834 2 1080 4128 t
(broadcast address,)1 738 1 1080 4248 t
10 CW f
(ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff.)1850 4248 w
10 R f
( receive all packets on the net\255)6 1249(The interface can be made to)5 1189 2 2962 4248 t
(work by writing the string)4 1088 1 1080 4368 t
10 CW f
(promiscuous)2204 4368 w
10 R f
(to the)1 236 1 2900 4368 t
10 CW f
(ctl)3172 4368 w
10 R f
( until the)2 380(file. The interface remains promiscuous)4 1632 2 3388 4368 t
( extra packets are passed up only streams of type)9 1948( The)1 205(control file is closed.)3 838 3 1080 4488 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4096 4488 w
10 R f
(1.)4161 4488 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 317)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( MNT)1 4178(MNT \( 3 \))3 362 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(mnt)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1261 1080 w
10 R f
(attach to 9P servers)3 779 1 1351 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#M)1080 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
(The)1080 1656 w
10 I f
(mount driver)1 520 1 1261 1656 t
10 R f
(is used by the)3 553 1 1808 1656 t
10 CW f
(mount)2388 1656 w
10 R f
(system call \(but not)3 792 1 2715 1656 t
10 CW f
(bind)3534 1656 w
10 R f
(; see)1 182 1 3774 1656 t
10 I f
(bind)3983 1656 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) to connect the name space)5 1231 1 4169 1656 t
( the)1 150( After)1 263(of a process to the service provided by a 9P server over a communications channel.)14 3365 3 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(mount)4886 1776 w
10 R f
(, sys\255)1 214 1 5186 1776 t
( be converted by the mount driver into the)8 1753(tem calls involving files in that portion of the name space will)11 2567 2 1080 1896 t
(appropriate 9P messages to the server.)5 1530 1 1080 2016 t
(The)1080 2184 w
10 I f
(mount)1267 2184 w
10 R f
(system call issues an)3 851 1 1549 2184 t
10 I f
(auth)2433 2184 w
10 R f
(\(5\) message to the server to validate the user and an)10 2147 1 2619 2184 t
10 I f
(attach)4799 2184 w
10 R f
(\(5\) mes\255)1 343 1 5057 2184 t
( distinct user of a connection must mount it separately; the)10 2357( Each)1 251( identify the user of the connection.)6 1429(sage to)1 283 4 1080 2304 t
(mount driver multiplexes the access of the various users and their processes to the service.)14 3607 1 1080 2424 t
( the kernel,)2 454( Within)1 332( are converted by the kernel into messages in the 9P protocol.)11 2501(File\255oriented system calls)2 1033 4 1080 2592 t
( mount driver translates)3 988( The)1 219( procedure calls to the various kernel device drivers.)8 2198(9P is implemented by)3 915 4 1080 2712 t
( calls into remote procedure calls to be transmitted as messages over the communication)13 3681(these procedure)1 639 2 1080 2832 t
( is implemented by a write of the corresponding protocol message to)11 2815( message)1 371( Each)1 257(channel to the server.)3 877 4 1080 2952 t
( in the reply message are)5 994( Errors)1 300( to get the reply.)4 656(the server channel followed by a read on the server channel)10 2370 4 1080 3072 t
(turned into system call error returns.)5 1453 1 1080 3192 t
(A)1080 3360 w
10 I f
(read)1179 3360 w
10 R f
(\(2\) or)1 226 1 1370 3360 t
10 I f
(write)1623 3360 w
10 R f
(system call on a file implemented by the mount driver may be translated into more than)15 3544 1 1856 3360 t
( system call will return when the)6 1346( The)1 212(one message, since there is a maximum data size for a 9P message.)12 2762 3 1080 3480 t
(specified number of bytes have been transferred or a short reply is returned.)12 3022 1 1080 3600 t
(The string)1 408 1 1080 3768 t
10 CW f
(#M)1513 3768 w
10 R f
(is an illegal file name, so this device can only be accessed directly by the kernel.)15 3213 1 1658 3768 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3936 t
10 R f
( result the)2 416( a)1 79( As)1 171(It is not possible to mount a service through the mount driver across a network.)14 3306 4 1080 4056 t
10 I f
(window)5088 4056 w
10 R f
(command will not work from the CPU server since it cannot mount the srv entry for)15 3360 1 1080 4176 t
10 I f
(8\275)4465 4176 w
10 R f
(.)4598 4176 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4344 t
10 I f
(bind)1080 4464 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1266 4464 w
( 318)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( MUX)1 4167(MUX \( 3 \))3 373 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(mux)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1283 1080 w
10 R f
(server registry and service multiplexor)4 1541 1 1373 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind #s /srv)2 720 1 1080 1368 t
(#s/)1080 1608 w
10 I f
(service1)1268 1608 w
10 CW f
(#s/)1080 1728 w
10 I f
(service2)1268 1728 w
10 R f
(...)1105 1848 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2016 t
10 R f
(Mux is a replacement for)4 1007 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(srv)2113 2136 w
10 R f
( file server to provide service to processes on both local)10 2243(\(3\) that allows a single)4 914 2 2243 2136 t
(and remote machines.)2 873 1 1080 2256 t
10 I f
(Mux)2003 2256 w
10 R f
(performs all the functions of)4 1137 1 2205 2256 t
10 CW f
(srv)3367 2256 w
10 R f
(.)3547 2256 w
(Plain files created in the top level directory of)8 1830 1 1080 2424 t
10 I f
(mux)2935 2424 w
10 R f
(behave exactly as described in)4 1213 1 3126 2424 t
10 I f
(srv)4364 2424 w
10 R f
(\(4\).)4494 2424 w
(Creating a directory in)3 925 1 1080 2592 t
10 I f
(mux)2038 2592 w
10 R f
( clients may write messages to a single)7 1614( Many)1 292( stream multiplexer.)2 820(produces a)1 437 4 2237 2592 t
(server.)1080 2712 w
10 I f
(Mux)1409 2712 w
10 R f
( with a connection number to allow the server to distinguish between)11 2865(prefixes each message)2 913 2 1622 2712 t
( written back to)3 630(clients. Messages)1 726 2 1080 2832 t
10 I f
(mux)2463 2832 w
10 R f
( connection number.)2 824(by the server are prefixed by a destination)7 1690 2 2656 2832 t
10 I f
(Mux)5223 2832 w
10 R f
(removes the destination connection number before passing messages back to its clients.)11 3495 1 1080 2952 t
(When created, a)2 666 1 1080 3120 t
10 I f
(mux)1782 3120 w
10 R f
(directory contains two files,)3 1148 1 1984 3120 t
10 CW f
(head)3168 3120 w
10 R f
(and)3444 3120 w
10 CW f
(clone)3624 3120 w
10 R f
( allocates a)2 467( the clone file)3 579(. Opening)1 430 3 3924 3120 t
( is suitable for mounting \(see)5 1218( file descriptor returned)3 975( The)1 217(new connection on the multiplexer.)4 1460 4 1080 3240 t
10 CW f
(mount)4986 3240 w
10 R f
(in)5322 3240 w
10 I f
(bind)1080 3360 w
10 R f
(\(1\) or)1 228 1 1266 3360 t
10 I f
(bind)1523 3360 w
10 R f
( file named by the new connection number is produced by opening the)12 2872(\(2\)\). A)1 301 2 1709 3360 t
10 CW f
(clone)4912 3360 w
10 R f
(file.)5242 3360 w
( The)1 207(The numbered connection file may be used to read and write messages to the server.)14 3395 2 1080 3480 t
10 CW f
(head)4708 3480 w
10 R f
(file should)1 426 1 4974 3480 t
(be used by the server to send and receive message from the clients.)12 2674 1 1080 3600 t
( be linked with)3 618(A file server must)3 736 2 1080 3768 t
10 CW f
(/$objtype/lib/libmux.a)2466 3768 w
10 R f
( library uses the)3 656( The)1 212(to use the device.)3 714 3 3818 3768 t
( the fid space of the various client mount drivers into a)11 2249(connection numbers provided by the driver to map)7 2071 2 1080 3888 t
(single fid space for the server.)5 1297 1 1080 4008 t
10 CW f
(Libmux)2447 4008 w
10 R f
(replaces)2852 4008 w
10 CW f
(convS2M)3223 4008 w
10 R f
(and)3688 4008 w
10 CW f
(convM2S)3877 4008 w
10 R f
(\(see)4342 4008 w
10 I f
(fcall)4547 4008 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) from the C)3 667 1 4733 4008 t
( server linked with)3 746(library. A)1 413 2 1080 4128 t
10 CW f
(libmux)2264 4128 w
10 R f
(will work correctly with a normal)5 1345 1 2649 4128 t
10 CW f
(srv)4019 4128 w
10 R f
(entry.)4224 4128 w
10 I f
(Mux)1080 4296 w
10 R f
( is not normally configured)4 1108( It)1 116( to act as a gateway to a file system.)9 1481('s only use is to allow CPU servers)7 1430 4 1265 4296 t
(in a system.)2 475 1 1080 4416 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4584 t
10 R f
(This should be unnecessary but is required to overcome a failure of vision.)12 2981 1 1080 4704 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4872 t
10 I f
(bind)1080 4992 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1266 4992 w
10 I f
(srv)1432 4992 w
10 R f
(\(4\))1562 4992 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 319)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( PIPE)1 4194(PIPE \( 3 \))3 346 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(pipe)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1277 1080 w
10 R f
(two\255way interprocess communication)2 1503 1 1367 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind #| x)2 540 1 1080 1368 t
(x/data)1080 1608 w
(x/ctl)1080 1728 w
(x/data1)1080 1848 w
(x/ctl1)1080 1968 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2136 t
10 R f
(An)1080 2256 w
10 I f
(attach)1233 2256 w
10 R f
(\(5\) of this device allocates two new streams joined at the device end.)12 2831 1 1491 2256 t
10 CW f
(X/data)4379 2256 w
10 R f
(and)4771 2256 w
10 CW f
(x/ctl)4947 2256 w
10 R f
(are)5279 2256 w
(the data and control channels of one stream and)8 1941 1 1080 2376 t
10 CW f
(x/data1)3051 2376 w
10 R f
(and)3501 2376 w
10 CW f
(x/ctl1)3675 2376 w
10 R f
(are the data and control channels)5 1335 1 4065 2376 t
(of the other stream.)3 776 1 1080 2496 t
( boundaries are preserved:)3 1085( Write)1 288(Data written to one channel becomes available for reading at the other.)11 2947 3 1080 2664 t
( comes)1 284(each read terminates when the read buffer is full or after reading the last byte of a write, whichever)18 4036 2 1080 2784 t
(first.)1080 2904 w
( typically)1 387( writer will block once the stream is full,)8 1711( The)1 216(Written data is buffered in kernel stream blocks.)7 2006 4 1080 3072 t
( writer will resume once the stream is less than half full.)11 2241( The)1 205(after 32768 bytes or 16 writes.)5 1220 3 1080 3192 t
(If there are multiple writers, each)5 1349 1 1080 3360 t
10 I f
(write)2458 3360 w
10 R f
( available in a contiguous piece at the other end)9 1944(is guaranteed to be)3 763 2 2693 3360 t
( there are multiple readers, each read will return data from only one write.)13 2950( If)1 116(of the pipe.)2 452 3 1080 3480 t
(The)1080 3648 w
10 I f
(pipe)1273 3648 w
10 R f
(\(2\) system call performs an)4 1144 1 1453 3648 t
10 I f
(attach)2635 3648 w
10 R f
( returns file descriptors to the new pipe's)7 1731(of this device and)3 746 2 2923 3648 t
10 CW f
(data)1080 3768 w
10 R f
(and)1345 3768 w
10 CW f
(data1)1514 3768 w
10 R f
( files are open with mode)5 1012(files. The)1 402 2 1839 3768 t
10 CW f
(ORDWR.)3278 3768 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3936 t
10 I f
(pipe)1080 4056 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1260 4056 w
( 320)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( PROC)1 4138(PROC \( 3 \))3 402 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(proc)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1282 1080 w
10 R f
(running processes)1 718 1 1372 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind #p /proc)2 780 1 1080 1368 t
(/proc/)1080 1608 w
10 I f
(n)1448 1608 w
10 CW f
(/ctl)1506 1608 w
(/proc/)1080 1728 w
10 I f
(n)1448 1728 w
10 CW f
(/mem)1506 1728 w
(/proc/)1080 1848 w
10 I f
(n)1448 1848 w
10 CW f
(/note)1506 1848 w
(/proc/)1080 1968 w
10 I f
(n)1448 1968 w
10 CW f
(/notepg)1506 1968 w
(/proc/)1080 2088 w
10 I f
(n)1448 2088 w
10 CW f
(/proc)1506 2088 w
(/proc/)1080 2208 w
10 I f
(n)1448 2208 w
10 CW f
(/segment)1506 2208 w
(/proc/)1080 2328 w
10 I f
(n)1448 2328 w
10 CW f
(/status)1506 2328 w
(/proc/)1080 2448 w
10 I f
(n)1448 2448 w
10 CW f
(/text)1506 2448 w
10 R f
(...)1080 2568 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2736 t
10 R f
(The)1080 2856 w
10 I f
(proc)1263 2856 w
10 R f
( corre\255)1 266( first level contains numbered directories)5 1648( The)1 208(device serves a two\255level directory structure.)5 1804 4 1474 2856 t
( of files representing the corresponding)5 1566(sponding to pids of live processes; each such directory contains a set)11 2754 2 1080 2976 t
(process.)1080 3096 w
(The)1080 3264 w
10 CW f
(mem)1262 3264 w
10 R f
( at offset)2 355( read or write)3 540( A)1 124(file contains the current memory image of the process.)8 2192 4 1469 3264 t
10 I f
(o,)4708 3264 w
10 R f
(which must be)2 589 1 4811 3264 t
(a valid virtual address, accesses bytes from address)7 2101 1 1080 3384 t
10 I f
(o)3214 3384 w
10 R f
( of the memory segment containing)5 1453(up to the end)3 543 2 3297 3384 t
10 I f
(o.)5325 3384 w
10 R f
( user registers \(whose addresses)4 1282(Kernel virtual memory, including the kernel stack for the process and saved)11 3038 2 1080 3504 t
(are machine\255dependent\), can be accessed through)5 2021 1 1080 3624 t
10 CW f
(mem)3135 3624 w
10 R f
( permitted only while the process is in)7 1580( are)1 155(. Writes)1 350 3 3315 3624 t
(the)1080 3744 w
10 CW f
(Stopped)1227 3744 w
10 R f
(state and only to user addresses or registers.)7 1752 1 1672 3744 t
(The read\255only)1 574 1 1080 3912 t
10 CW f
(proc)1691 3912 w
10 R f
( main use is to recover the kernel)7 1413( Its)1 163( structure.)1 412(file contains the kernel per\255process)4 1444 4 1968 3912 t
(stack and program counter for kernel debugging.)6 1948 1 1080 4032 t
(The read\255only)1 562 1 1080 4200 t
10 CW f
(status)1667 4200 w
10 R f
( fields are: the)3 571( The)1 206( fields, each followed by a space.)6 1330(file contains a string with eight)5 1241 4 2052 4200 t
( state, 11 characters left justified;)5 1340(process name and user name, each 27 characters left justified; the process)11 2980 2 1080 4320 t
( also held in the process's)5 1034(the six 11\255character numbers)3 1155 2 1080 4440 t
10 CW f
(#c/cputime)3295 4440 w
10 R f
(file, and the amount of memory used)6 1479 1 3921 4440 t
(by the process, except its stack, in units of 1024 bytes.)10 2173 1 1080 4560 t
(The)1080 4728 w
10 CW f
(text)1264 4728 w
10 R f
( to recover)2 436(file is a pseudonym for the file from which the process was executed; its main use is)16 3431 2 1533 4728 t
(the symbol table of the process.)5 1265 1 1080 4848 t
( to the)2 258(Textual messages written)2 1021 2 1080 5016 t
10 CW f
(ctl)2388 5016 w
10 R f
( presume that the pro\255)4 892( Some)1 282(file control the execution of the process.)6 1629 3 2597 5016 t
(cess is in a particular state and return an error if it is not.)13 2251 1 1080 5136 t
10 CW f
(stop)1080 5304 w
10 R f
(Suspend execution of the process, putting it in the)8 1996 1 1580 5304 t
10 CW f
(Stopped)3601 5304 w
10 R f
(state.)4046 5304 w
10 CW f
(start)1080 5472 w
10 R f
(Resume execution of a)3 912 1 1580 5472 t
10 CW f
(Stopped)2517 5472 w
10 R f
(process.)2962 5472 w
10 CW f
(waitstop)1080 5640 w
10 R f
( other messages ending with)4 1136(Do not affect the process directly but, like all)8 1805 2 1580 5760 t
10 CW f
(stop)4547 5760 w
10 R f
(, block the pro\255)3 613 1 4787 5760 t
(cess writing the)2 645 1 1580 5880 t
10 CW f
(ctl)2259 5880 w
10 R f
( target process is in the)5 958(file until the)2 507 2 2473 5880 t
10 CW f
(Stopped)3971 5880 w
10 R f
( like)1 183( Also)1 247(state or exits.)2 546 3 4424 5880 t
(other)1580 6000 w
10 CW f
(stop)1816 6000 w
10 R f
(control messages, if the target process would receive a note while the message is)13 3312 1 2088 6000 t
(pending, it is instead stopped and the debugging process is resumed.)10 2731 1 1580 6120 t
10 CW f
(startstop)1080 6288 w
10 R f
(Allow a)1 319 1 1580 6408 t
10 CW f
(Stopped)1924 6408 w
10 R f
(process to resume, and then do a)6 1300 1 2369 6408 t
10 CW f
(waitstop)3694 6408 w
10 R f
(action.)4199 6408 w
10 CW f
(hang)1080 6576 w
10 R f
( an)1 135(Set a bit in the process so that, when it completes)10 2118 2 1580 6576 t
10 I f
(exec)3874 6576 w
10 R f
(\(2\) system call, it will enter the)6 1342 1 4058 6576 t
10 CW f
(Stopped)1580 6696 w
10 R f
( bit is inherited across a)5 946( This)1 228(state before returning to user mode.)5 1419 3 2025 6696 t
10 I f
(fork)4643 6696 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)4812 6696 w
10 CW f
(kill)1080 6864 w
10 R f
(Kill the process with extreme prejudice.)5 1597 1 1580 6864 t
(Strings written to the)3 854 1 1080 7032 t
10 CW f
(note)1963 7032 w
10 R f
( the process \(see)3 671(file will be posted as a note to)7 1224 2 2232 7032 t
10 I f
(notify)4157 7032 w
10 R f
( note should be)3 623(\(2\)\). The)1 384 2 4393 7032 t
(less than)1 360 1 1080 7152 t
10 CW f
(ERRLEN\2551)1478 7152 w
10 R f
( A)1 134( character.)1 426(characters long; the last character is reserved for a terminating NUL)10 2844 3 1996 7152 t
(read of at least)3 641 1 1080 7272 t
10 CW f
(ERRLEN)1765 7272 w
10 R f
( oldest note posted to the process and prevent its)9 2114(characters will retrieve the)3 1117 2 2169 7272 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 321)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( PROC)1 4138(PROC \( 3 \))3 402 3 720 480 t
( The)1 205( the process.)2 496(delivery to)1 431 3 1080 960 t
10 CW f
(notepg)2237 960 w
10 R f
(file is similar, but the note will be delivered to all the processes in the)14 2778 1 2622 960 t
(target process's)1 623 1 1080 1080 t
10 I f
(note group)1 436 1 1728 1080 t
10 R f
(\(see)2189 1080 w
10 I f
(fork)2374 1080 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\). The)1 379 1 2543 1080 t
10 CW f
(notepg)2947 1080 w
10 R f
(file is write\255only.)2 691 1 3332 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(/sys/src/9/*/mem.h)1080 1368 w
(/sys/src/9/*/dat.h)1080 1488 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1656 t
10 I f
(cons)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1271 1776 w
( 322)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( ROOT)1 4128(ROOT \( 3 \))3 412 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(root)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1266 1080 w
10 R f
(the root file system)3 769 1 1356 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(/)1080 1368 w
(/boot)1080 1488 w
(/dev)1080 1608 w
(/env)1080 1728 w
(/proc)1080 1848 w
(/net)1080 1968 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2136 t
10 R f
(The syntax)1 441 1 1080 2256 t
10 CW f
(#/)1546 2256 w
10 R f
(is illegal, so this device can only be accessed directly by the kernel.)12 2695 1 1691 2256 t
( names in the one\255level tree are)6 1300( The)1 214( name space.)2 530(This device is set up by the kernel to be the root of the)13 2276 4 1080 2424 t
(mostly just place\255holders, to allow a place to)7 1871 1 1080 2544 t
10 I f
(bind)2988 2544 w
10 R f
( exception is)2 527( The)1 216(\(2\) to.)1 255 3 3174 2544 t
10 CW f
(/boot)4208 2544 w
10 R f
(, which provides exe\255)3 892 1 4508 2544 t
( kernel does an)3 601( The)1 205(cutable code when read.)3 963 3 1080 2664 t
10 I f
(exec)2874 2664 w
10 R f
(\(2\) of)1 224 1 3058 2664 t
10 CW f
(/boot)3307 2664 w
10 R f
(when initializing.)1 700 1 3632 2664 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 323)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( RTC)1 4205(RTC \( 3 \))3 335 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(rtc)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1210 1080 w
10 R f
(real\255time clock and non\255volatile RAM)4 1531 1 1300 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind #r /dev)2 720 1 1080 1368 t
(/dev/rtc)1080 1536 w
(/dev/nvram)1080 1656 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1824 t
10 R f
(The)1080 1944 w
10 I f
(rtc)1273 1944 w
10 R f
(device supports the Mostek MK48T12\25515 Zeropower/Timekeeper and similar devices with real\255)10 3978 1 1422 1944 t
(time clocks and non\255volatile RAM.)4 1413 1 1080 2064 t
(The)1080 2232 w
10 CW f
(rtc)1271 2232 w
10 R f
(file behaves just like)3 860 1 1487 2232 t
10 CW f
(/dev/time)2384 2232 w
10 R f
(\(see)2961 2232 w
10 I f
(cons)3158 2232 w
10 R f
( real\255time clock is maintained on\255board;)5 1660(\(3\)\). The)1 391 2 3349 2232 t
10 CW f
(/dev/time)1080 2352 w
10 R f
( is necessarily more accurate.)4 1171( Neither)1 349(is set from the file server.)5 1020 3 1645 2352 t
(The)1080 2520 w
10 CW f
(nvram)1281 2520 w
10 R f
( example,)1 410( For)1 211( the local non\255volatile RAM.)4 1240(file provides \(if permission allows\) access to)6 1912 4 1627 2520 t
10 I f
(boot)1080 2640 w
10 R f
(\(8\) reads the machine's key \(see)5 1287 1 1266 2640 t
10 I f
(auth)2578 2640 w
10 R f
(\(8\)\) from there.)2 617 1 2764 2640 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2808 t
10 I f
(auth)1080 2928 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1266 2928 w
10 I f
(boot)1432 2928 w
10 R f
(\(8\))1618 2928 w
( 324)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( SCC)1 4210(SCC \( 3 \))3 330 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(scc, duart, uart)2 587 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1692 1080 w
10 R f
(serial communication control)2 1171 1 1782 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind \255a #t /dev)3 900 1 1080 1368 t
(/dev/eia0)1080 1608 w
(/dev/eia0ctl)1080 1728 w
(/dev/eia1)1080 1848 w
(/dev/eia1ctl)1080 1968 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2136 t
10 R f
( are several)2 489( There)1 300( to the serial ports.)4 813(The serial line devices serve a one\255level directory, giving access)9 2718 4 1080 2256 t
( one used depends on the machine involved.)7 1778(devices serving the same files; the particular)6 1792 2 1080 2376 t
10 CW f
(Eia0)4702 2376 w
10 R f
(is a stream)2 431 1 4969 2376 t
( will block until at least one character is avail\255)9 1898( Reads)1 300( written to use that port.)5 985( can be read and)4 667( It)1 116(data file.)1 354 6 1080 2496 t
(able.)1080 2616 w
10 CW f
(Eia0ctl)1322 2616 w
10 R f
( control file associated with the port.)6 1462(is a stream)2 429 2 1768 2616 t
10 CW f
(Eia1)3709 2616 w
10 R f
(and)3974 2616 w
10 CW f
(eia1ctl)4143 2616 w
10 R f
(are similar, but for a)4 812 1 4588 2616 t
(second serial line.)2 718 1 1080 2736 t
(The)1080 2904 w
10 CW f
(ctl)1267 2904 w
10 R f
( also write one of the following)6 1302( can)1 170( One)1 223(file can be used to push stream modules onto the port.)10 2226 4 1479 2904 t
(textual commands to a)3 902 1 1080 3024 t
10 CW f
(ctl)2007 3024 w
10 R f
(file:)2212 3024 w
10 CW f
(b)1080 3192 w
10 I f
(n)1148 3192 w
10 R f
(set the baud rate to)4 754 1 1440 3192 t
10 I f
(n)2219 3192 w
10 R f
(.)2277 3192 w
10 CW f
(d)1080 3360 w
10 I f
(n)1148 3360 w
10 R f
(set dtr if)2 333 1 1440 3360 t
10 I f
(n)1798 3360 w
10 R f
(is non\255zero; else clear it.)4 978 1 1873 3360 t
10 CW f
(k)1080 3528 w
10 I f
(n)1148 3528 w
10 R f
(send a break lasting)3 790 1 1440 3528 t
10 I f
(n)2255 3528 w
10 R f
(milliseconds.)2330 3528 w
10 CW f
(r)1080 3696 w
10 I f
(n)1148 3696 w
10 R f
(set RTS if)2 406 1 1440 3696 t
10 I f
(n)1871 3696 w
10 R f
(is non\255zero; else clear it.)4 978 1 1946 3696 t
10 CW f
(m)1080 3864 w
10 I f
(n)1148 3864 w
10 R f
(obey modem CTS signal)3 992 1 1440 3864 t
10 I f
(n)2457 3864 w
10 R f
(is non\255zero; else clear it.)4 978 1 2532 3864 t
10 CW f
(p)1080 4032 w
10 I f
(c)1148 4032 w
10 R f
(set parity to odd if)4 733 1 1440 4032 t
10 I f
(c)2198 4032 w
10 R f
(is)2267 4032 w
10 CW f
(o)2359 4032 w
10 R f
(, to even if)3 427 1 2419 4032 t
10 I f
(c)2871 4032 w
10 R f
(is)2940 4032 w
10 CW f
(e)3032 4032 w
10 R f
(; else set no parity.)4 752 1 3092 4032 t
10 CW f
(s)1080 4200 w
10 I f
(n)1148 4200 w
10 R f
(set number of stop bits to)5 1014 1 1440 4200 t
10 I f
(n)2479 4200 w
10 R f
( values are 1 or 2.)5 709(. Legal)1 302 2 2537 4200 t
10 CW f
(l)1080 4368 w
10 I f
(n)1148 4368 w
10 R f
(set number of bits per byte to)6 1171 1 1440 4368 t
10 I f
(n)2636 4368 w
10 R f
( values are 5, 6, 7, or 8.)7 934(. Legal)1 302 2 2694 4368 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 325)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( SCSI)1 4188(SCSI \( 3 \))3 352 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(scsi)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1255 1080 w
10 R f
(SCSI command interface)2 1004 1 1345 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#S/id)1080 1368 w
(#S/0/cmd)1080 1488 w
(#S/0/data)1080 1608 w
(#S/0/debug)1080 1728 w
10 R f
(...)1080 1848 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2016 t
10 R f
(The)1080 2136 w
10 I f
(scsi)1261 2136 w
10 R f
( single\255byte)1 471( The)1 207( a two\255level directory.)3 887(interface is accessed through)3 1152 4 1437 2136 t
10 CW f
(id)4181 2136 w
10 R f
(file contains the)2 642 1 4328 2136 t
9 R f
(SCSI)4995 2136 w
10 R f
(id of)1 188 1 5212 2136 t
( implementations allow this to be changed by writing to the file; in)12 2798( Some)1 289( typically 7.)2 497(the host interface,)2 736 4 1080 2256 t
(many cases, the higher\255order bits are hardware specific.)7 2223 1 1080 2376 t
(Each)1080 2544 w
9 R f
(SCSI)1321 2544 w
10 R f
(target)1555 2544 w
10 I f
(n)1826 2544 w
10 R f
(\(0)1920 2544 w
10 S f
(\243)2003 2544 w
10 I f
(n)2066 2544 w
10 S f
(\243)2124 2544 w
10 R f
( associated with a subdirectory)4 1311(7\) is)1 194 2 2179 2544 t
10 CW f
(#S/)3729 2544 w
10 I f
(n)3917 2544 w
10 R f
(containing files)1 639 1 4012 2544 t
10 CW f
(cmd)4696 2544 w
10 R f
(,)4876 2544 w
10 CW f
(data)4946 2544 w
10 R f
(, and)1 214 1 5186 2544 t
10 CW f
(debug)1080 2664 w
10 R f
( following steps may be used to execute a)8 1664(. The)1 230 2 1380 2664 t
9 R f
(SCSI)3297 2664 w
10 R f
(command:)3512 2664 w
(The command block is written to the)6 1471 1 1440 2832 t
10 CW f
(cmd)2936 2832 w
10 R f
(file.)3141 2832 w
(The)1440 3000 w
10 CW f
(data)1629 3000 w
10 R f
( command)1 429( \(A)1 165( direction of the transfer.)4 1029(file is either written or read depending on the)8 1874 4 1903 3000 t
(that involves no data transfer is executed with a zero\255length write.\))10 2669 1 1440 3120 t
(The)1440 3288 w
10 CW f
(cmd)1620 3288 w
10 R f
(file is read to retrieve the status of the command, returned as a 4\255byte big\255endian integer.)15 3545 1 1825 3288 t
(Writing an)1 432 1 1080 3456 t
9 R f
(ASCII)1537 3456 w
10 CW f
(1)1799 3456 w
10 R f
(to the)1 227 1 1886 3456 t
10 CW f
(debug)2140 3456 w
10 R f
(file causes tracing information to be written to)7 1864 1 2467 3456 t
10 CW f
(/dev/klog)4358 3456 w
10 R f
(; writing a)2 415 1 4898 3456 t
10 CW f
(0)5340 3456 w
10 R f
(turns the tracing off.)3 815 1 1080 3576 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3744 t
10 I f
(hard)1080 3864 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1277 3864 w
( 326)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( SRV)1 4205(SRV \( 3 \))3 335 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(srv)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1227 1080 w
10 R f
(server registry)1 573 1 1317 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind #s /srv)2 720 1 1080 1368 t
(#s/)1080 1608 w
10 I f
(service1)1268 1608 w
10 CW f
(#s/)1080 1728 w
10 I f
(service2)1268 1728 w
10 R f
(...)1105 1848 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2016 t
10 R f
(The)1080 2136 w
10 I f
(srv)1264 2136 w
10 R f
( effect,)1 281( In)1 138( already\255open channels to services.)4 1413(device provides a one\255level directory holding)5 1830 4 1415 2136 t
10 I f
(srv)5107 2136 w
10 R f
(is a)1 141 1 5259 2136 t
(bulletin board on which processes may post open file descriptors to make them available to other processes.)16 4307 1 1080 2256 t
(To install a channel,)3 825 1 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(create)1935 2424 w
10 R f
(a new file such as)4 733 1 2325 2424 t
10 CW f
(/srv/myserv)3089 2424 w
10 R f
(and then write a text string \(suitable for)7 1620 1 3780 2424 t
10 I f
(strtoul)1080 2544 w
10 R f
(; see)1 206 1 1350 2544 t
10 I f
(atof)1607 2544 w
10 R f
( process may then open)4 1037( Any)1 247( file descriptor number of an open file.)7 1716(\(2\)\) giving the)2 629 4 1771 2544 t
10 CW f
(/srv/myserv)1080 2664 w
10 R f
(to acquire another reference to the open file that was registered.)10 2539 1 1765 2664 t
(An entry in)2 465 1 1080 2832 t
10 I f
(srv)1575 2832 w
10 R f
( the)1 153( Removing)1 472(holds a reference to the associated file even if no process has the file open.)14 3048 3 1727 2832 t
(file from)1 352 1 1080 2952 t
10 CW f
(/srv)1457 2952 w
10 R f
(releases that reference.)2 909 1 1722 2952 t
(It is an error to write more than one number into a server file, or to create a file with a name that is already)24 4320 1 1080 3120 t
(being used.)1 455 1 1080 3240 t
9 R f
( LE E)2 59( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 5 720 3408 t
10 R f
(To drop one end of a pipe into)7 1212 1 1080 3528 t
10 CW f
(/srv)2317 3528 w
10 R f
(, that is, to create a named pipe:)7 1267 1 2557 3528 t
10 CW f
(int fd, p[2];)2 780 1 1440 3696 t
(char buf[32];)1 780 1 1440 3816 t
(pipe\(p\);)1440 4056 w
(fd = create\("/srv/namedpipe", 1, 0666\);)4 2340 1 1440 4176 t
(sprint\(buf, "%d", p[0]\);)2 1440 1 1440 4296 t
(write\(fd, buf, strlen\(buf\)\);)2 1680 1 1440 4416 t
(close\(fd\);)1440 4536 w
(close\(p[0]\);)1440 4656 w
(write\(p[1], "hello", 5\);)2 1440 1 1440 4776 t
10 R f
(At this point, any process may open and read)8 1816 1 1080 4944 t
10 CW f
(/srv/namedpipe)2923 4944 w
10 R f
(to receive the)2 541 1 3790 4944 t
10 CW f
(hello)4358 4944 w
10 R f
( writ\255)1 222(string. Data)1 493 2 4685 4944 t
(ten to)1 225 1 1080 5064 t
10 CW f
(/srv/namedpipe)1330 5064 w
10 R f
(will be received by executing)4 1175 1 2195 5064 t
10 CW f
(read\(p[1], buf, sizeof buf\);)3 1680 1 1440 5232 t
10 R f
(in the above process.)3 837 1 1080 5400 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 327)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( STREAM)1 3994(STREAM \( 3 \))3 546 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(stream)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1371 1080 w
10 R f
(a structure for communications)3 1245 1 1461 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(x/data)1080 1368 w
(x/ctl)1080 1488 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 R f
(A)1080 1776 w
10 I f
(stream)1184 1776 w
10 R f
( many devices use the)4 908( However,)1 448(is not a device per se.)5 899 3 1489 1776 t
10 I f
(streams)3777 1776 w
10 R f
(package in the kernel to imple\255)5 1279 1 4121 1776 t
( properties described here are common to all such channels.)9 2383( The)1 205(ment communications channels.)2 1285 3 1080 1896 t
(All streams are represented by two standard files,)7 2050 1 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(ctl)3166 2064 w
10 R f
(and)3382 2064 w
10 CW f
(data,)3562 2064 w
10 R f
( the particular device)3 875(plus any others)2 627 2 3898 2064 t
( and writing the)3 642( Reading)1 387(wants to add.)2 538 3 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(data)2676 2184 w
10 R f
( channel is)2 433( the)1 151( If)1 120(file receives and sends data on the channel.)7 1751 4 2945 2184 t
( the)1 148( If)1 117( message and each read will return at most one message.)10 2263(message oriented, each write will represent a)6 1792 4 1080 2304 t
( the remainder of the mes\255)5 1080(buffer given in a read is smaller than the message, subsequent reads will return)13 3240 2 1080 2424 t
(sage.)1080 2544 w
(Writing textual command strings to the)5 1624 1 1080 2712 t
10 CW f
(ctl)2740 2712 w
10 R f
( strings)1 304( The)1 217( the stream.)2 487(file performs control operations on)4 1436 4 2956 2712 t
( control opera\255)2 599( common)1 382( The)1 212( device may add to the control operations.)7 1724( Each)1 256(need not be null\255terminated.)3 1147 6 1080 2832 t
(tions are:)1 369 1 1080 2952 t
10 CW f
(hangup)1080 3120 w
10 R f
( first subsequent)2 681( The)1 218( subsequent writes will return an error.)6 1622( Any)1 235( stream.)1 329(Hang up this)2 535 6 1780 3120 t
( following ones will return an error.)6 1428( All)1 178(read will return 0.)3 715 3 1780 3240 t
10 CW f
(push)1080 3408 w
10 I f
(name)1353 3408 w
10 R f
(Push the module)2 667 1 1780 3408 t
10 I f
(name)2472 3408 w
10 R f
(onto the top of the stream.)5 1049 1 2713 3408 t
10 CW f
(pop)1080 3576 w
10 R f
(Pop the top module off the stream)6 1360 1 1780 3576 t
(Reading the)1 482 1 1080 3744 t
10 CW f
(ctl)1589 3744 w
10 R f
( is used by multiplexed devices and its)7 1562( This)1 231( stream.)1 319(file returns a textual identifier for the)6 1492 4 1796 3744 t
(use is described with the particular device.)6 1699 1 1080 3864 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4032 t
10 I f
(pipe)1080 4152 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1260 4152 w
10 I f
(dk)1426 4152 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1528 4152 w
10 I f
(cons)1694 4152 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1885 4152 w
10 I f
(async)2051 4152 w
10 R f
(\(3\))2286 4152 w
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10 R f
( \( 3 \))3 140( VGA)1 4184(VGA \( 3 \))3 356 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(vga)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1249 1080 w
10 R f
(vgasize, vgatype, vgaport)2 1020 1 1339 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(bind #v /dev)2 720 1 1080 1368 t
(/dev/vgasize)1080 1608 w
(/dev/vgatype)1080 1728 w
(/dev/vgaport)1080 1848 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2016 t
10 R f
(The vga device allows configuration of a graphics controller on a pc.)11 2749 1 1080 2136 t
(Writing a string to the file)5 1051 1 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(vgasize)2158 2304 w
10 R f
(of the form:)2 481 1 2605 2304 t
10 I f
(xmax)3113 2304 w
10 R f
(X)3331 2304 w
10 I f
(ymax)3411 2304 w
10 R f
(X)3629 2304 w
10 I f
(bits)3709 2304 w
10 R f
(, where)1 296 1 3862 2304 t
10 I f
(xmax)4186 2304 w
10 R f
(,)4404 2304 w
10 I f
(ymax)4457 2304 w
10 R f
(and)4695 2304 w
10 I f
(bits)4867 2304 w
10 R f
(are num\255)1 360 1 5040 2304 t
( Reading)1 386( kernel the width and height of the screen in pixels and the number of bits per pixel.)17 3396(bers, tells the)2 538 3 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(vgasize)1080 2544 w
10 R f
(returns the current setting.)3 1048 1 1525 2544 t
(Writing a string to)3 763 1 1080 2712 t
10 CW f
(vgatype)1877 2712 w
10 R f
( possibilities are)2 670( The)1 215(tells the kernel what kind of controller is being used.)9 2184 3 2331 2712 t
(currently)1080 2832 w
10 I f
(generic)1465 2832 w
10 R f
(and)1789 2832 w
10 I f
(tseng.)1958 2832 w
10 R f
( file perform)2 520( and writes to offsets in this)6 1147( Reads)1 301(Vgaport provides user level access to the byte port space.)9 2352 4 1080 3000 t
( device is)2 393( This)1 236( below 0x300 are illegal.)4 1022( Offsets)1 346( offset.)1 285(386 inb and outb operations on ports equal to the)9 2038 6 1080 3120 t
(used by the command)3 874 1 1080 3240 t
10 I f
(vga)1979 3240 w
10 R f
(\(8\) to configure a VGA controller chip.)6 1571 1 2131 3240 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 329)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( INTRO)1 4095(INTRO \( 4 \))3 445 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(intro)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1294 1080 w
10 R f
(introduction to file servers)3 1057 1 1384 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
(A Plan 9)2 356 1 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(file server)1 405 1 1464 1368 t
10 R f
( section of the manual describes servers than can)8 1977( This)1 231(provides a file tree to processes.)5 1295 3 1897 1368 t
( file server may be a pro\255)6 1020( A)1 125( space to give a file\255like interface to interesting services.)9 2277(be mounted in a name)4 898 4 1080 1488 t
( with files maintained on permanent storage, or it may also be a process)13 2901(vider of a conventional file system,)5 1419 2 1080 1608 t
(that synthesizes files in some manner.)5 1515 1 1080 1728 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1896 t
10 I f
(bind)1080 2016 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1266 2016 w
( 330)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( 8\275)1 4275(8\275 \( 4 \))3 265 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(8\275)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1230 1080 w
10 R f
(window system files)2 822 1 1320 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(8\275)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1225 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255i ')1 205 1 1283 1368 t
10 I f
(cmd)1496 1368 w
10 CW f
(')1670 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1755 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1871 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2016 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255f)2132 1368 w
10 I f
(font)2277 1368 w
10 R f
(])2458 1368 w
(The window system)2 823 1 1080 1536 t
10 I f
(8\275)1937 1536 w
10 R f
( of)1 118( Some)1 288(serves a variety of files for reading, writing, and controlling windows.)10 2898 3 2096 1536 t
( and mouse; others control)4 1080(them are virtual versions of system files for dealing with the display, keyboard,)12 3240 2 1080 1656 t
( the window system itself.)4 1103(operations of)1 537 2 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(8\275)2784 1776 w
10 R f
(posts its service in the)4 939 1 2948 1776 t
10 CW f
(/srv)3926 1776 w
10 R f
(directory, using a name con\255)4 1195 1 4205 1776 t
( a process id; the environment variable)6 1577(structed from a catenation of the user ID and)8 1832 2 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
($8\275srv)4519 1896 w
10 R f
(is set to this)3 491 1 4909 1896 t
(service name within processes running under the control of each invocation of)11 3124 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(8\275)4229 2016 w
10 R f
(.)4362 2016 w
(A)1080 2184 w
10 I f
(mount)1177 2184 w
10 R f
(\(see)1452 2184 w
10 I f
(bind)1638 2184 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\) of that file causes)4 879 1 1824 2184 t
10 CW f
(8\275)2729 2184 w
10 R f
(to create a new window; the attach specifier in the)9 2012 1 2875 2184 t
10 I f
(mount)4913 2184 w
10 R f
(gives)5189 2184 w
( syntax of the specifier is)5 1001( The)1 205(the coordinates of the created window.)5 1546 3 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(N)1440 2472 w
10 I f
(pid minx miny maxx maxy)4 1036 1 1525 2472 t
10 R f
(where)1080 2640 w
10 I f
(pid)1368 2640 w
10 R f
( process id of a process in the note group \(see)10 2028(is the)1 234 2 1541 2640 t
10 I f
(fork)3849 2640 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) to receive)2 606 1 4018 2640 t
10 CW f
(interrupt)4670 2640 w
10 R f
(and)5256 2640 w
10 CW f
(hangup)1080 2760 w
10 R f
(notes in that window.)3 861 1 1465 2760 t
(When a window is created either by the)7 1631 1 1080 2928 t
10 I f
(window)2743 2928 w
10 R f
(command \(see)1 586 1 3087 2928 t
10 I f
(8\275)3705 2928 w
10 R f
( by using the menu supplied by)6 1298(\(1\)\) or)1 264 2 3838 2928 t
10 I f
(8\275)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(, this server is mounted on)5 1120 1 1213 3048 t
10 CW f
(/mnt/8\275)2371 3048 w
10 R f
(and also)1 343 1 2829 3048 t
10 CW f
(/dev)3210 3048 w
10 R f
( those)1 248(; the files mentioned here appear in both)7 1702 2 3450 3048 t
(directories.)1080 3168 w
(Some of these files supply virtual versions of services available from the underlying environment, in partic\255)15 4320 1 1080 3336 t
(ular the character terminal files)4 1270 1 1080 3456 t
10 I f
(cons)2381 3456 w
10 R f
(\(3\), and all the bit devices)5 1067 1 2572 3456 t
10 I f
(bit)3670 3456 w
10 R f
( Other)1 282( window.)1 377(\(3\), each specific to the)4 957 3 3784 3456 t
(files are unique to)3 718 1 1080 3576 t
10 I f
(8\275)1823 3576 w
10 R f
(.)1956 3576 w
10 CW f
(bitblt)1080 3744 w
10 R f
( of the)2 279(is a virtual version)3 774 2 1440 3864 t
10 CW f
(bitblt)2530 3864 w
10 R f
(file within the current window; see)5 1455 1 2927 3864 t
10 I f
(bit)4419 3864 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)4533 3864 w
10 I f
(graphics)4711 3864 w
10 R f
(\(2\). All)1 331 1 5069 3864 t
( coordinate system is absolute; it refers to the)8 1881( The)1 214( clipped to the current window.)5 1293(operations are)1 572 4 1440 3984 t
(real screen.)1 453 1 1440 4104 t
10 CW f
(cons)1080 4272 w
10 R f
( virtual version of the standard terminal file)7 1781(is a)1 141 2 1440 4272 t
10 I f
(cons)3393 4272 w
10 R f
(\(3\).)3584 4272 w
10 I f
(8\275)3781 4272 w
10 R f
(supplies extra editing features and a)5 1463 1 3937 4272 t
(scroll bar \(see)2 559 1 1440 4392 t
10 I f
(8\275)2024 4392 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\).)2157 4392 w
10 CW f
(consctl)1080 4560 w
10 R f
( sets these modes:)3 734( strings on it)3 510( Writing)1 365(controls interpretation of keyboard input.)4 1661 4 1440 4680 t
10 CW f
(rawon)4740 4680 w
10 R f
(turns on)1 330 1 5070 4680 t
(raw mode;)1 432 1 1440 4800 t
10 CW f
(rawoff)1905 4800 w
10 R f
( raw mode;)2 463(turns off)1 349 2 2298 4800 t
10 CW f
(holdon)3142 4800 w
10 R f
(turns on hold mode;)3 824 1 3534 4800 t
10 CW f
(holdoff)4390 4800 w
10 R f
(turns off hold)2 558 1 4842 4800 t
( the file makes the window revert to default state \(raw off, hold off\).)13 2724(mode. Closing)1 609 2 1440 4920 t
10 CW f
(label)1080 5088 w
10 R f
( ID of the lead process in the window and the command)11 2276(initially contains a string with the process)6 1684 2 1440 5088 t
( may be written and is used as a tag when the window is hidden.)14 2566( It)1 111(being executed there.)2 850 3 1440 5208 t
10 CW f
(mouse)1080 5376 w
10 R f
( mouse file \(see)3 647(is a virtual version of the standard)6 1389 2 1440 5376 t
10 I f
(bit)3507 5376 w
10 R f
( it turns off scrolling, editing,)5 1205(\(3\)\). Opening)1 574 2 3621 5376 t
(and)1440 5496 w
10 I f
(8\275)1615 5496 w
10 R f
( 0x80 bit in the buttons byte of a returned)9 1702( The)1 210(\255supplied menus in the associated window.)5 1740 3 1748 5496 t
( file blocks until the mouse)5 1176( this)1 187( Reading)1 400(record indicates that the window has been reshaped.)7 2197 4 1440 5616 t
( when the mouse)3 701( movements or button changes are invisible)6 1797( Mouse)1 332(moves or a button changes.)4 1130 4 1440 5736 t
(cursor is located outside the window.)5 1487 1 1440 5856 t
10 CW f
(nbmouse)1080 6024 w
10 R f
(is a non\255blocking version of)4 1121 1 1440 6144 t
10 CW f
(mouse)2586 6144 w
10 R f
( use is discouraged.)3 782( Its)1 150(; it always returns the current state.)6 1400 3 2886 6144 t
10 CW f
(select)1080 6312 w
10 R f
( may not be written.)4 802( It)1 111(returns the selected text in the designated window.)7 2019 3 1440 6432 t
10 CW f
(snarf)1080 6600 w
10 R f
( this file sets the contents of the snarf)8 1631( Writing)1 379( snarf buffer.)2 553(returns the string currently in the)5 1397 4 1440 6600 t
(buffer.)1440 6720 w
10 CW f
(text)1080 6888 w
10 R f
( may not be written.)4 802( It)1 111(returns the full contents of the window.)6 1573 3 1440 6888 t
10 CW f
(winid)1080 7056 w
10 R f
(returns the unique and unchangeable ID for the window; it is a string of digits.)14 3132 1 1440 7056 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 331)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( 8\275)1 4275(8\275 \( 4 \))3 265 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(window)1080 960 w
10 R f
(is the virtual version of)4 931 1 1440 1080 t
10 CW f
(/dev/screen)2397 1080 w
10 R f
(; see)1 181 1 3057 1080 t
10 I f
(bit)3264 1080 w
10 R f
( depth, coordinates, and bitmap)4 1262( contains the)2 507(\(3\). It)1 253 3 3378 1080 t
(corresponding to the associated window.)4 1628 1 1440 1200 t
10 CW f
(windows)1080 1368 w
10 R f
( window.)1 373(is a directory containing a subdirectory for each window, named by the unique ID for that)15 3587 2 1440 1488 t
( with)1 211(Within each subdirectory are entries corresponding to several of the special files associated)12 3749 2 1440 1608 t
(that window:)1 525 1 1440 1728 t
10 CW f
(bitblt)1990 1728 w
10 R f
(,)2350 1728 w
10 CW f
(cons)2400 1728 w
10 R f
(,)2640 1728 w
10 CW f
(consctl)2690 1728 w
10 R f
(,)3110 1728 w
10 CW f
(label)3160 1728 w
10 R f
(,)3460 1728 w
10 CW f
(mouse)3510 1728 w
10 R f
(,)3810 1728 w
10 CW f
(nbmouse)3860 1728 w
10 R f
(,)4280 1728 w
10 CW f
(select)4330 1728 w
10 R f
(,)4690 1728 w
10 CW f
(window)4740 1728 w
10 R f
(.)5100 1728 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 1896 t
10 R f
(Create a window to be created in the upper left corner, and the word)13 2720 1 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(hi)3825 2016 w
10 R f
(to be printed there.)3 754 1 3970 2016 t
10 CW f
(mount $8\275srv /tmp N$pid' 0 0 128 64')7 2160 1 1440 2184 t
(echo hi > /tmp/cons)3 1140 1 1440 2304 t
10 R f
(Print the text currently selected in window 123.)7 1898 1 1080 2472 t
10 CW f
(cat /dev/windows/123/select)1 1620 1 1440 2640 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2808 t
10 I f
(8\275)1080 2928 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1213 2928 w
10 I f
(bit)1379 2928 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1493 2928 w
10 I f
(cons)1659 2928 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1850 2928 w
10 I f
(event)2016 2928 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2234 2928 w
10 I f
(graphics)2400 2928 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)2758 2928 w
( 332)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( CFS)1 4221(CFS \( 4 \))3 319 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(cfs)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1221 1080 w
10 R f
(cache file system)2 687 1 1311 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cfs \255s)1 325 1 1080 1368 t
10 R f
([)1430 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255rd)1463 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1643 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1734 1368 w
10 I f
(partition)1879 1368 w
10 R f
(])2238 1368 w
10 CW f
(cfs \255a)1 325 1 1080 1536 t
10 I f
(netaddr)1430 1536 w
10 R f
([)1766 1536 w
10 CW f
(\255rd)1799 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1979 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255f)2070 1536 w
10 I f
(partition)2215 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2574 1536 t
10 I f
(mtpt)2673 1536 w
10 R f
(])2859 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Cfs)1080 1824 w
10 R f
( is normally)2 498( It)1 121( server that caches information about remote files onto a local disk.)11 2794(is a user\255level file)3 739 4 1248 1824 t
( the kernel at boot time, though users may start it manually.)11 2412(started by)1 395 2 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(Cfs)3940 1944 w
10 R f
(is interposed between the kernel)4 1298 1 4102 1944 t
( connection to a remote file server to improve the efficiency of access across slow network)15 3741(and a network)2 579 2 1080 2064 t
( each open of a file)5 776( On)1 175( lines.)1 242(connections such as modem)3 1130 4 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(cfs)3431 2184 w
10 R f
(checks the consistency of cached information)5 1830 1 3570 2184 t
(and discards any old information for that file.)7 1814 1 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(Cfs)1080 2472 w
10 R f
(mounts onto)1 498 1 1239 2472 t
10 I f
(mtpt)1762 2472 w
10 R f
(\(default)1965 2472 w
10 CW f
(/)2300 2472 w
10 R f
(\) after connecting to the file server.)6 1404 1 2360 2472 t
(The options are:)2 649 1 1080 2640 t
10 CW f
(s)1080 2808 w
10 R f
(the connection to the remote file server is on file descriptors 0 and 1.)13 2745 1 1440 2808 t
10 CW f
(a)1080 2976 w
10 I f
(netaddr)1208 2976 w
10 R f
(dial the destination)2 761 1 1440 3096 t
10 I f
(netaddr)2226 3096 w
10 R f
(to connect to a remote file server.)6 1338 1 2562 3096 t
10 CW f
(r)1080 3264 w
10 R f
(reformat the cache disk partition.)4 1322 1 1440 3264 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 3432 w
10 R f
(turn on debugging)2 733 1 1440 3432 t
10 CW f
(f)1080 3600 w
10 I f
(partition)1208 3600 w
10 R f
(use file)1 291 1 1440 3720 t
10 I f
(partition)1756 3720 w
10 R f
(as the cache disk partition.)4 1062 1 2132 3720 t
(All 9P messages except)3 967 1 1080 3888 t
10 CW f
(read)2079 3888 w
10 R f
(,)2319 3888 w
10 CW f
(clone)2376 3888 w
10 R f
(, and)1 201 1 2676 3888 t
10 CW f
(walk)2910 3888 w
10 R f
(\(see)3183 3888 w
10 I f
(intro)3376 3888 w
10 R f
(\(5\)\) are passed through)3 946 1 3579 3888 t
10 I f
(cfs)4558 3888 w
10 R f
(unchanged to the)2 698 1 4702 3888 t
( A)1 135(remote server.)1 583 2 1080 4008 t
10 CW f
(clone)1836 4008 w
10 R f
(followed immediately by a)3 1110 1 2174 4008 t
10 CW f
(walk)3321 4008 w
10 R f
(is converted into a)3 771 1 3598 4008 t
10 CW f
(clwalk.)4406 4008 w
10 R f
(If possible, a)2 537 1 4863 4008 t
10 CW f
(read)1080 4128 w
10 R f
( the file server is queried for any missing data.)9 1852( Otherwise,)1 485(is satisfied by cached data.)4 1067 3 1345 4128 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 4296 t
10 CW f
(/dev/hd0cache)1080 4416 w
10 R f
(Default file used for storing cached data.)6 1626 1 1440 4536 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 333)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( DOSSRV)1 4005(DOSSRV \( 4 \))3 535 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(dossrv, 9660srv, eject)2 871 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1976 1080 w
10 R f
(DOS and ISO9660 file systems)4 1255 1 2066 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(dossrv)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1465 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1523 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1668 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1784 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1929 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255f)2045 1368 w
10 I f
(file)2190 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2343 1368 t
10 I f
(service)2459 1368 w
10 R f
(])2766 1368 w
10 CW f
(9660srv)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1525 1536 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1583 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1728 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1844 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1989 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255f)2105 1536 w
10 I f
(file)2250 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2403 1536 t
10 I f
(service)2519 1536 w
10 R f
(])2826 1536 w
10 CW f
(eject)1080 1704 w
10 R f
([)1405 1704 w
10 CW f
(n)1438 1704 w
10 R f
(])1498 1704 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 I f
(Dossrv)1080 1992 w
10 R f
( single instance of)3 745( A)1 128(is a file server that interprets DOS file systems.)8 1937 3 1394 1992 t
10 I f
(dossrv)4236 1992 w
10 R f
(can provide access to)3 871 1 4529 1992 t
(multiple DOS disks simultaneously.)3 1446 1 1080 2112 t
10 I f
(Dossrv)1080 2280 w
10 R f
(posts a file descriptor named)4 1168 1 1393 2280 t
10 I f
(service)2591 2280 w
10 R f
(\(default)2903 2280 w
10 CW f
(dos)3243 2280 w
10 R f
(\) in the)2 293 1 3423 2280 t
10 CW f
(/srv)3746 2280 w
10 R f
( access the DOS file)4 833(directory. To)1 551 2 4016 2280 t
(system on a device, use)4 948 1 1080 2400 t
10 CW f
(mount)2055 2400 w
10 R f
(with the)1 326 1 2382 2400 t
10 I f
(spec)2734 2400 w
10 R f
(argument \(see)1 563 1 2937 2400 t
10 I f
(bind)3526 2400 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\) the name of the file holding raw DOS)8 1688 1 3712 2400 t
( If)1 122(file system, typically the disk.)4 1220 2 1080 2520 t
10 I f
(spec)2453 2520 w
10 R f
(is undefined in the)3 759 1 2661 2520 t
10 CW f
(mount)3451 2520 w
10 R f
(,)3751 2520 w
10 I f
(dossrv)3807 2520 w
10 R f
(will use)1 320 1 4099 2520 t
10 I f
(file)4450 2520 w
10 R f
(as the default name)3 791 1 4609 2520 t
(for the device holding the DOS system.)6 1579 1 1080 2640 t
(Normally)1080 2808 w
10 I f
(dossrv)1489 2808 w
10 R f
( The)1 207(creates a pipe to act as the communications channel between itself and its clients.)13 3270 2 1776 2808 t
10 CW f
(\255s)5280 2808 w
10 R f
(flag instructs)1 528 1 1080 2928 t
10 I f
(dossrv)1642 2928 w
10 R f
( kernels use this if they are booting)7 1457( The)1 213( and output instead.)3 807(to use its standard input)4 986 4 1937 2928 t
( flag also prevents the creation of an explicit service file in)11 2342( This)1 228(from a DOS disk.)3 705 3 1080 3048 t
10 CW f
(/srv)4380 3048 w
10 R f
(.)4620 3048 w
(The)1080 3216 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1260 3216 w
10 R f
(flag causes verbose output for debugging.)5 1669 1 1405 3216 t
10 I f
(9660srv)1080 3384 w
10 R f
(is identical to)2 571 1 1443 3384 t
10 I f
(dossrv)2055 3384 w
10 R f
( that it interprets ISO9660 CD\255ROM file systems)7 2088(in specification, except)2 955 2 2357 3384 t
(instead of DOS file systems.)4 1141 1 1080 3504 t
10 I f
(Eject)1080 3672 w
10 R f
(ejects a floppy from drive)4 1031 1 1310 3672 t
10 I f
(n)2366 3672 w
10 R f
(, default 0.)2 427 1 2424 3672 t
9 R f
( LE E)2 59( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 5 720 3840 t
10 R f
(Mount a floppy disk with a DOS file system on it.)10 2003 1 1080 3960 t
10 CW f
(dossrv)1440 4128 w
(mount \255c /srv/dos /n/a: /dev/fd0disk)4 2160 1 1440 4248 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4416 t
10 I f
(kfs)1080 4536 w
10 R f
(\(4\))1199 4536 w
( 334)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( EXPORTFS)1 3899(EXPORTFS \( 4 \))3 641 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(exportfs)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1432 1080 w
10 R f
(network file server plumbing)3 1162 1 1522 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(exportfs)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1585 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255a)1643 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1788 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1904 1368 w
10 I f
(ctlfile)2049 1368 w
10 R f
(])2302 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Exportfs)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( rather than file servers, to export por\255)7 1532(is a user level file server that allows Plan 9 compute servers,)11 2423 2 1445 1656 t
( service is started either by the)6 1262( The)1 213(tions of a name space across networks.)6 1603 3 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(cpu)4191 1776 w
10 R f
(\(1\) command or by a net\255)5 1057 1 4343 1776 t
( The)1 218( initial protocol establishes a root directory for the exported name space.)11 3021( An)1 184(work listener process.)2 897 4 1080 1896 t
(connection to)1 544 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(exportfs)1652 2016 w
10 R f
(is then mounted.)2 670 1 2002 2016 t
10 I f
(Exportfs)2725 2016 w
10 R f
( file server: operations in the imported)6 1543(then acts as a relay)4 765 2 3092 2016 t
( gives the appearance of exporting)5 1391( This)1 232( remote server and the results returned.)6 1578(file tree are executed on the)5 1119 4 1080 2136 t
(a name space from a remote machine into a local file tree.)11 2310 1 1080 2256 t
(The)1080 2424 w
10 CW f
(\255a)1262 2424 w
10 R f
(option instructs)1 622 1 1409 2424 t
10 I f
(exportfs)2058 2424 w
10 R f
( user, usually because it is being invoked from a remote)10 2257(to authenticate the)2 736 2 2407 2424 t
(machine.)1080 2544 w
(The)1080 2712 w
10 CW f
(\255c)1261 2712 w
10 R f
(options specifies a network control file onto which)7 2042 1 1408 2712 t
10 I f
(exportfs)3477 2712 w
10 R f
(will push the)2 521 1 3826 2712 t
10 I f
(fcall)4374 2712 w
10 R f
( This)1 230(line discipline.)1 591 2 4579 2712 t
(option is intended for networks that do not preserve read/write boundaries.)10 2981 1 1080 2832 t
(The)1080 3000 w
10 CW f
(cpu)1279 3000 w
10 R f
(command uses)1 610 1 1503 3000 t
10 I f
(exportfs)2157 3000 w
10 R f
( The)1 225(to serve device files in the terminal.)6 1548 2 2524 3000 t
10 I f
(import)4342 3000 w
10 R f
(\(4\) command calls)2 783 1 4617 3000 t
10 I f
(exportfs)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(on a remote machine, permitting users to access arbitrary pieces of name space on other systems.)15 3872 1 1427 3120 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 335)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( FS)1 4288(FS \( 4 \))3 252 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(fs)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1177 1080 w
10 R f
(file server, bootes)2 712 1 1267 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 I f
(none)1080 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
( is a stand\255alone system that runs on a separate com\255)10 2176( It)1 119( file system for Plan 9.)5 945(The file server is the main)5 1080 4 1080 1656 t
( Ethernet IL/IP and)3 801( serves the Plan 9 protocol on a variety of networks including Datakit/URP,)12 3166(puter. It)1 353 3 1080 1776 t
( name of this machine is)5 974( The)1 205(Cyclone fiber direct connections.)3 1325 3 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(bootes)3609 1896 w
10 R f
(.)3969 1896 w
10 CW f
(Bootes)1080 2064 w
10 R f
( the authentication server)3 1048( Because)1 395(can use an external authentication server to validate clients.)8 2479 3 1478 2064 t
(itself uses)1 402 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(bootes)1512 2184 w
10 R f
(as a file server, though, to avoid chicken\255and\255egg problems)8 2407 1 1902 2184 t
10 CW f
(bootes)4338 2184 w
10 R f
(usually authenti\255)1 673 1 4727 2184 t
( database it is neces\255)4 836( when changes are made to the authentication server's)8 2179( Thus)1 253(cates its own connections.)3 1052 4 1080 2304 t
(sary to run)2 427 1 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(auth)1532 2424 w
10 R f
(\(see)1797 2424 w
10 I f
(fs)1982 2424 w
10 R f
(\(8\)\) to update)2 543 1 2057 2424 t
10 CW f
(bootes)2625 2424 w
10 R f
('s internal state.)2 635 1 2985 2424 t
(The user)1 346 1 1080 2592 t
10 CW f
(none)1451 2592 w
10 R f
(is always allowed to attach to)5 1179 1 1716 2592 t
10 CW f
(bootes)2920 2592 w
10 R f
(without authentication but has minimal permissions.)5 2095 1 3305 2592 t
( combination of disks and write\255once\255read\255many \(WORM\))6 2536(Bootes maintains three file systems on a)6 1784 2 1080 2760 t
(magneto\255optical disks.)1 905 1 1080 2880 t
10 CW f
(other)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(is a simple disk\255based file system similar to)7 1747 1 1440 3048 t
10 I f
(kfs)3212 3048 w
10 R f
(\(4\))3331 3048 w
10 I f
(.)3455 3048 w
10 CW f
(main)1080 3216 w
10 R f
( holds modified)2 648( disk cache)2 461( The)1 214(is a worm\255based file system with a disk\255based look\255aside cache.)9 2637 4 1440 3216 t
( cache also holds recently)4 1077( The)1 218(worm blocks to overcome the write\255once property of the worm.)9 2665 3 1440 3336 t
( Occasionally)1 584( speed up the effective access time of the worm.)9 2034(accessed non\255modified blocks to)3 1342 3 1440 3456 t
(\(usually daily at 5AM\) the modified blocks in the disk cache are)11 2637 1 1440 3576 t
10 I f
(dumped)4107 3576 w
10 R f
( this time, traffic to)4 789(. At)1 180 2 4431 3576 t
( are relabeled to the un\255written portion of the)8 1916(the file system is halted and the modified blocks)8 2044 2 1440 3696 t
( dump, the file system traffic is continued and the relabeled blocks are copied to)14 3281( the)1 154(worm. After)1 525 3 1440 3816 t
(the worm by a background process.)5 1419 1 1440 3936 t
10 CW f
(dump)1080 4104 w
10 R f
( of the dump file)4 690(Each time the main file system is dumped, its root is appended to a subdirectory)14 3270 2 1440 4104 t
( name of)2 349( The)1 205( not mirrored with a disk cache, it is read\255only.)9 1872( the dump file system is)5 958(system. Since)1 576 5 1440 4224 t
(the newly added root is created from the date of the dump:)11 2414 1 1440 4344 t
10 CW f
(/)3886 4344 w
10 I f
(yyyy)3954 4344 w
10 CW f
(/)4138 4344 w
10 I f
(mmdds.)4206 4344 w
10 R f
(Here)4571 4344 w
10 I f
(yyyy)4797 4344 w
10 R f
(is the full)2 394 1 5006 4344 t
(year,)1440 4464 w
10 I f
(mm)1665 4464 w
10 R f
(is the month number,)3 859 1 1837 4464 t
10 I f
(dd)2724 4464 w
10 R f
(is the day number and)4 894 1 2852 4464 t
10 I f
(s)3774 4464 w
10 R f
(is a sequence number if more than one)7 1559 1 3841 4464 t
( the first dump,)3 611( For)1 189(dump is done in a day.)5 905 3 1440 4584 t
10 I f
(s)3170 4584 w
10 R f
( the subsequent dumps)3 908( For)1 189(is null.)1 273 3 3234 4584 t
10 I f
(s)4629 4584 w
10 R f
(is 1, 2, 3 etc.)4 508 1 4693 4584 t
( frozen on the first dump of March 1, 1992 will be named)12 2371(The root of the main file system that is)8 1589 2 1440 4824 t
10 CW f
(/1992/0301/)1440 4944 w
10 R f
(in the dump file system.)4 964 1 2125 4944 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 5112 t
10 R f
( of the)2 265(Place the root)2 557 2 1080 5232 t
10 CW f
(dump)1932 5232 w
10 R f
(file system on)2 571 1 2202 5232 t
10 CW f
(/n/dump)2803 5232 w
10 R f
(and show the modified times of the mips C compiler)9 2147 1 3253 5232 t
(over all dumps in February, 1992:)5 1360 1 1080 5352 t
10 CW f
(9fs dump)1 480 1 1440 5520 t
(ls \255l /n/dump/1992/02??/mips/bin/vc)2 2100 1 1440 5640 t
10 R f
(To get only one line of output for each version of the compiler:)12 2524 1 1080 5808 t
10 CW f
(ls \255lp /n/dump/1992/02??/mips/bin/vc | uniq)4 2580 1 1440 5976 t
10 R f
(Make the)1 374 1 1080 6144 t
10 CW f
(other)1479 6144 w
10 R f
(file system available in directory)4 1309 1 1804 6144 t
10 CW f
(/n/bootesother)3138 6144 w
10 R f
(:)3978 6144 w
10 CW f
(mount \255ct /srv/boot /n/bootesother other)4 2400 1 1440 6312 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6480 t
10 I f
(yesterday)1080 6600 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1470 6600 w
10 I f
(srv)1636 6600 w
10 R f
(\(4\),)1766 6600 w
10 I f
(fs)1932 6600 w
10 R f
(\(8\))2007 6600 w
(Sean Quinlan,)1 566 1 1080 6720 t
10 I f
(A Cached WORM File System,)4 1228 1 1671 6720 t
10 R f
(Software)2924 6720 w
10 S1 f
(\261)3309 6720 w
10 R f
(Practice and Experience, December, 1991)4 1672 1 3399 6720 t
( 336)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( FTPFS)1 4115(FTPFS \( 4 \))3 425 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(ftpfs, ftp)1 344 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1474 1080 w
10 R f
(file transfer protocol \(FTP\) file system)5 1545 1 1564 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(ftpfs)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255/)1463 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1608 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255m)1724 1368 w
10 I f
(mountpoint)1869 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2350 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255a)2466 1368 w
10 I f
(password)2611 1368 w
10 R f
(])3020 1368 w
10 I f
(system)3078 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Ftpfs)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(dials the TCP file transfer protocol \(FTP\) port, 21, on)9 2284 1 1327 1656 t
10 I f
(system)3652 1656 w
10 R f
(and mounts itself \(see)3 922 1 3959 1656 t
10 I f
(bind)4923 1656 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) on)1 291 1 5109 1656 t
10 I f
(mountpoint)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(\(default)1567 1776 w
10 CW f
(/n/ftp)1908 1776 w
10 R f
( required by the remote)4 951( If)1 121( machine.)1 393(\) to provide access to files on the remote)8 1667 4 2268 1776 t
(machine)1080 1896 w
10 I f
(ftpfs)1451 1896 w
10 R f
( user names)2 487( The)1 213(will prompt for user name and password.)6 1687 3 1657 1896 t
10 CW f
(ftp)4077 1896 w
10 R f
(and)4290 1896 w
10 CW f
(anonymous)4467 1896 w
10 R f
(are often)1 360 1 5040 1896 t
( may be called without user interaction by)7 1678( ftp)1 137( Anonymous)1 540(used to offer guest/read\255only access to machines.)6 1965 4 1080 2016 t
(specifying the)1 563 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(password)1668 2136 w
10 R f
(.)2060 2136 w
( option)1 282( The)1 206(By default the file seen at the mount point is the user's home directory.)13 2854 3 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(\255/)4448 2304 w
10 R f
(can be used to force)4 805 1 4595 2304 t
(the mount point to correspond to the remote root.)8 1968 1 1080 2424 t
(To terminate the connection,)3 1148 1 1080 2592 t
10 CW f
(unmount)2253 2592 w
10 R f
(\(see)2698 2592 w
10 I f
(bind)2883 2592 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\) the mount point.)3 833 1 3069 2592 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2760 t
10 I f
(bind)1080 2880 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1266 2880 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3048 t
10 R f
(Symbolic links on remote Unix systems will always have mode 0777 and a length of 8.)15 3487 1 1080 3168 t
( mountpoint will contain only one directory, usually)7 2363(After connecting to a TOPS\25520 system, the)6 1957 2 1080 3336 t
10 CW f
(/n/ftp/PS:<ANONYMOUS>)1080 3456 w
10 R f
( walking to any valid directory on that machine will succeed and)11 2593(. However,)1 467 2 2340 3456 t
(cause that directory entry to appear under the mountpoint.)8 2315 1 1080 3576 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 337)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( HELP)1 4150(HELP \( 4 \))3 390 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(help)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1277 1080 w
10 R f
(make and control help windows)4 1276 1 1367 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(help/help)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(Help)1080 1536 w
10 R f
( files are mounted on)4 847( The)1 206( reading, writing, and controlling its windows.)6 1858(\(1\) serves a variety of files for)6 1207 4 1282 1536 t
(the directory)1 510 1 1080 1656 t
10 CW f
(/mnt/help)1618 1656 w
10 R f
( also unioned into the beginning of)6 1406(and are)1 293 2 2186 1656 t
10 CW f
(/dev)3912 1656 w
10 R f
( the top level of that direc\255)6 1071(. At)1 177 2 4152 1656 t
( files)1 200(tory are)1 309 2 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(cons)1617 1776 w
10 R f
(,)1857 1776 w
10 CW f
(consctl)1910 1776 w
10 R f
(, and)1 197 1 2330 1776 t
10 CW f
(mouse)2555 1776 w
10 R f
(, much like those of)4 803 1 2855 1776 t
10 I f
(8\275)3686 1776 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)3819 1776 w
10 I f
(Help's)4013 1776 w
10 R f
(versions of these files have)4 1093 1 4307 1776 t
(restricted utility, however:)2 1071 1 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(cons)2183 1896 w
10 R f
(may be written to but not read and both)8 1632 1 2455 1896 t
10 CW f
(consctl)4119 1896 w
10 R f
(and)4570 1896 w
10 CW f
(mouse)4745 1896 w
10 R f
(draw an)1 324 1 5076 1896 t
( a program is run from within)6 1374( When)1 320(error when opened.)2 834 3 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(help)3665 2016 w
10 R f
(, its standard input is connected to)6 1555 1 3845 2016 t
10 CW f
(/dev/null)1080 2136 w
10 R f
( to)1 110(and its standard output)3 932 2 1653 2136 t
10 CW f
(/mnt/help/cons)2727 2136 w
10 R f
( written to)2 425(. Text)1 265 2 3567 2136 t
10 CW f
(cons)4289 2136 w
10 R f
(will appear in)2 563 1 4561 2136 t
10 I f
(help's)5156 2136 w
10 CW f
(Errors)1080 2256 w
10 R f
(window.)1465 2256 w
10 CW f
(Consctl)1862 2256 w
10 R f
(and)2307 2256 w
10 CW f
(mouse)2476 2256 w
10 R f
(are there to prevent access to the files)7 1498 1 2801 2256 t
10 I f
(help)4324 2256 w
10 R f
(is itself using.)2 559 1 4521 2256 t
(Another file in)2 596 1 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(/mnt/help)1706 2424 w
10 R f
(is)2276 2424 w
10 CW f
(index)2373 2424 w
10 R f
(, which holds one line of text for each)8 1551 1 2673 2424 t
10 I f
(help)4254 2424 w
10 R f
( line has)2 343(window. Each)1 601 2 4456 2424 t
(the numeric window id for the window, a tab, and the tag of the window.)14 2915 1 1080 2544 t
(The rest of the files in)5 904 1 1080 2712 t
10 CW f
(/mnt/help)2014 2712 w
10 R f
( window id of)3 576(are directories, one per window, named by the numeric)8 2240 2 2584 2712 t
( directory contains the following files:)5 1529( Each)1 249(the corresponding window.)2 1090 3 1080 2832 t
10 CW f
(body)1080 3000 w
10 R f
(This read\255only file contains the text of the body of the window.)11 2530 1 1620 3000 t
10 CW f
(bodyapp)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(Text written to this write\255only file is appended to the body.)10 2362 1 1620 3120 t
10 CW f
(bodypos)1080 3240 w
10 R f
( contains the starting and ending byte offsets of the selection in the body,)13 3023(This read\255only file)2 757 2 1620 3240 t
(formatted as two textual numbers in 12\255byte blank padded fields.)9 2602 1 1620 3360 t
10 CW f
(bodysel)1080 3480 w
10 R f
(This read\255only file contains the selected text in the body.)9 2269 1 1620 3480 t
10 CW f
(tag)1080 3600 w
10 R f
(This read\255only file contains the text of the tag of the window.)11 2452 1 1620 3600 t
10 CW f
(tagpos)1080 3720 w
10 R f
(Like)1620 3720 w
10 CW f
(bodypos)1828 3720 w
10 R f
(but for the tag.)3 588 1 2273 3720 t
10 CW f
(tagsel)1080 3840 w
10 R f
(Like)1620 3840 w
10 CW f
(bodysel)1828 3840 w
10 R f
(but for the tag.)3 588 1 2273 3840 t
10 CW f
(ctl)1080 3960 w
10 R f
( to)1 116( written)1 320( Messages)1 450(A read of this file returns the textual numeric id of the window.)12 2676 4 1620 3960 t
10 CW f
(ctl)5220 3960 w
10 R f
( in a single 9P write)5 862( message must be contained)4 1171( Each)1 263(change the contents of the window.)5 1484 4 1620 4080 t
(message \(see)1 531 1 1620 4200 t
10 I f
(read)2184 4200 w
10 R f
( must begin with an)4 825(\(5\)\) and)1 326 2 2375 4200 t
9 R f
(ASCII)3558 4200 w
10 R f
(letter, possibly an address, and a new\255)6 1573 1 3827 4200 t
( in the file, either line numbers or)7 1386( address is one or two comma\255separated positions)7 2039(line. An)1 355 3 1620 4320 t
( address syntax is a subset of that in)8 1456( The)1 208(character positions.)1 779 3 1620 4440 t
10 I f
(sam)4091 4440 w
10 R f
( the message contains)3 880(\(1\). If)1 260 2 4260 4440 t
( follows the newline and need not be newline\255)8 2017(text to be added to the window, the text)8 1763 2 1620 4560 t
( symbol)1 330( The)1 215( versions.)1 393( description mentions only the upper case)6 1713(terminated. This)1 689 5 1620 4680 t
10 CW f
(\\n)4995 4680 w
10 R f
(stands)5150 4680 w
(for a literal newline:)3 812 1 1620 4800 t
10 CW f
(a\\n)1080 4920 w
10 S f
(<)1268 4920 w
10 I f
(text)1323 4920 w
10 S f
(>)1467 4920 w
10 R f
(Append the text to the tag.)5 1060 1 2280 4920 t
10 CW f
(A\\n)1080 5040 w
10 S f
(<)1268 5040 w
10 I f
(text)1323 5040 w
10 S f
(>)1467 5040 w
10 R f
(Append the text to the body.)5 1138 1 2280 5040 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 5160 w
10 S f
(<)1148 5160 w
10 I f
(address)1203 5160 w
10 S f
(>)1514 5160 w
10 CW f
(\\n)1577 5160 w
10 R f
(Delete the addressed text from the tag.)6 1538 1 2280 5160 t
10 CW f
(D)1080 5280 w
10 S f
(<)1148 5280 w
10 I f
(address)1203 5280 w
10 S f
(>)1514 5280 w
10 CW f
(\\n)1577 5280 w
10 R f
(Delete the addressed text from the body.)6 1616 1 2280 5280 t
10 CW f
(i)1080 5400 w
10 S f
(<)1148 5400 w
10 I f
(address)1203 5400 w
10 S f
(>)1514 5400 w
10 CW f
(\\n)1577 5400 w
10 S f
(<)1705 5400 w
10 I f
(text)1760 5400 w
10 S f
(>)1904 5400 w
10 R f
( the address has two)4 868( If)1 132( tag at the addressed location.)5 1261(Insert the text in the)4 859 4 2280 5400 t
(components, the second is ignored.)4 1404 1 2280 5520 t
10 CW f
(I)1080 5640 w
10 S f
(<)1148 5640 w
10 I f
(address)1203 5640 w
10 S f
(>)1514 5640 w
10 CW f
(\\n)1577 5640 w
10 S f
(<)1705 5640 w
10 I f
(text)1760 5640 w
10 S f
(>)1904 5640 w
10 R f
(Like)2280 5640 w
10 I f
(i)2488 5640 w
10 R f
(, but insert in the body.)5 925 1 2524 5640 t
10 CW f
(u\\n)1080 5760 w
10 R f
(Mark the window `not dirty', that is, remove the)8 1931 1 2280 5760 t
10 CW f
(Put!)4236 5760 w
10 R f
(string from the tag.)3 766 1 4501 5760 t
(A single directory)2 721 1 1080 5880 t
10 CW f
(/mnt/help/new)1826 5880 w
10 R f
( to manage a)3 510( easiest way)2 482( The)1 205(, when accessed, creates a new window.)6 1597 4 2606 5880 t
(new window is to open)4 947 1 1080 6000 t
10 CW f
(/mnt/help/new/ctl)2057 6000 w
10 R f
( automatically, and then read the file)6 1485(, which will create it)4 838 2 3077 6000 t
( other files in the window may then be opened as usual.)11 2219( The)1 205(to retrieve the numeric id.)4 1034 3 1080 6120 t
9 R f
( LE E)2 59( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 5 720 6288 t
10 R f
(Create a new window and run)5 1194 1 1080 6408 t
10 I f
(date)2299 6408 w
10 R f
(\(1\) in it.)2 325 1 2479 6408 t
10 CW f
(id = `{cat /mnt/help/new/ctl})3 1740 1 1440 6576 t
(echo 'a)1 420 1 1440 6696 t
( > /mnt/help/$id/ctl)2 1200( Close!')1 660(Current time)1 720 3 1440 6816 t
(date > /mnt/help/$id/bodyapp)2 1680 1 1440 6936 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 7104 t
10 I f
(help)1080 7224 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1260 7224 w
10 I f
(8\275)1426 7224 w
10 R f
(\(4\))1559 7224 w
( 338)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( IMPORT)1 4022(IMPORT \( 4 \))3 518 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(import)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1372 1080 w
10 R f
(import a name space from a remote system)7 1716 1 1462 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(import)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1465 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1523 1368 t
10 R f
(])1904 1368 w
10 I f
(system file)1 419 1 1962 1368 t
10 R f
([)2406 1368 w
10 I f
(mountpoint)2464 1368 w
10 R f
(])2945 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Import)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(allows an arbitrary)2 754 1 1380 1656 t
10 I f
(file)2162 1656 w
10 R f
(on a remote)2 477 1 2318 1656 t
10 I f
(system)2823 1656 w
10 R f
( Usually)1 365( name space.)2 520(to be imported into the local)5 1145 3 3117 1656 t
10 I f
(file)5176 1656 w
10 R f
(is)5333 1656 w
(a directory, so the complete file tree under the directory is made available.)12 2965 1 1080 1776 t
(A process is started on the remote machine, with authority of the user of)13 2988 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(import,)4101 1944 w
10 R f
(to perform work for the)4 974 1 4426 1944 t
(local machine using the)3 970 1 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(exportfs)2083 2064 w
10 R f
( If)1 123(\(4\) service.)1 456 2 2413 2064 t
10 I f
(mountpoint)3024 2064 w
10 R f
(is omitted)1 405 1 3512 2064 t
10 I f
(import)3949 2064 w
10 R f
(uses the name of the remote)5 1152 1 4248 2064 t
10 I f
(file)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(as the local mount point.)4 986 1 1233 2184 t
(If)1080 2352 w
10 I f
(file)1177 2352 w
10 R f
(is a directory,)2 558 1 1336 2352 t
10 I f
(import)1925 2352 w
10 R f
( exactly as in)3 545(allows options)1 587 2 2223 2352 t
10 I f
(mount)3387 2352 w
10 R f
(and)3669 2352 w
10 I f
(bind)3845 2352 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\) to control the construction of)5 1369 1 4031 2352 t
(union directories.)1 699 1 1080 2472 t
9 R f
( LE E)2 59( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 5 720 2640 t
10 R f
(To allow a Datakit\255only machine to access an Ethernet using TCP:)10 2663 1 1080 2760 t
10 CW f
(import \255a kremvax /net)3 1320 1 1440 2928 t
(con tcp!ucbvax)1 840 1 1440 3048 t
10 R f
(or)1080 3216 w
10 CW f
(import \255a kremvax /net)3 1320 1 1440 3384 t
(echo 'add tcp' > /net/cs)4 1440 1 1440 3504 t
(con ucbvax)1 600 1 1440 3624 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3792 t
10 I f
(bind)1080 3912 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1266 3912 w
10 CW f
(cs)1432 3912 w
10 R f
(in)1577 3912 w
10 I f
(ndb)1680 3912 w
10 R f
(\(8\))1838 3912 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 339)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( IOSTATS)1 3989(IOSTATS \( 4 \))3 551 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(iostats)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1361 1080 w
10 R f
(file system to measure I/O)4 1054 1 1451 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(iostats)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(cmd)1525 1368 w
10 R f
([)1716 1368 w
10 I f
(args...)1774 1368 w
10 R f
(])2052 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Iostats)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( which)1 275(is a user\255level file server that interposes itself between a program and the regular file server,)15 3748 2 1377 1656 t
( a)1 77( After)1 268( of the Plan 9 file system protocol, 9P.)8 1597(allows it to gather statistics of file system use at the level)11 2378 4 1080 1776 t
(program exits a report is printed on standard error.)8 2015 1 1080 1896 t
( first section reports the amount of user data in)9 1879( The)1 207(The report consists of three sections.)5 1469 3 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(read)4662 2064 w
10 R f
(and)4929 2064 w
10 CW f
(write)5100 2064 w
10 R f
( The)1 207(messages sent by the program and the average rate at which the data was transferred.)14 3429 2 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(protocol)4743 2184 w
10 R f
(line)5250 2184 w
( The)1 215( that is, protocol overhead.)4 1105(reports the amount of data sent as message headers,)8 2131 3 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(rpc)4566 2304 w
10 R f
(line reports the)2 619 1 4781 2304 t
(total number of file system transactions.)5 1604 1 1080 2424 t
( gives the number of messages, the fastest, slowest, and average turn around time and)14 3539(The second section)2 781 2 1080 2592 t
( final section gives an I/O summary for each)8 1814( The)1 210( with each 9P message type.)5 1151(the amount of data involved)4 1145 4 1080 2712 t
(file used by the program in terms of opens, reads and writes.)11 2415 1 1080 2832 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3000 t
10 R f
(Poor clock resolution means that large amounts of I/O must be done to get accurate rate figures.)16 3829 1 1080 3120 t
( 340)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( KEYFS)1 4083(KEYFS \( 4 \))3 457 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(keyfs)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1321 1080 w
10 R f
(authentication database files)2 1131 1 1411 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(keyfs)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255d)1463 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1608 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255m)1724 1368 w
10 I f
(mntpt)1852 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2105 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255k)2221 1368 w
10 I f
(key)2349 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2506 1368 t
10 I f
(keyfile)2622 1368 w
10 R f
(])2907 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Keyfs)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( runs on the machine pro\255)5 1053( It)1 116(serves a two\255level file tree for manipulating authentication information.)8 2899 3 1332 1656 t
( may be a dedicated authentication server)6 1681(viding authentication service for the local Plan 9 network, which)9 2639 2 1080 1776 t
( programs described in)3 924( The)1 209(or a CPU server.)3 677 3 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(auth)2919 1896 w
10 R f
(\(8\) use)1 278 1 3105 1896 t
10 I f
(keyfs)3412 1896 w
10 R f
(as their interface to the authentication data\255)6 1759 1 3641 1896 t
(base.)1080 2016 w
10 I f
(Keyfs)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(reads and decrypts file)3 900 1 1327 2184 t
10 I f
(keyfile)2252 2184 w
10 R f
(\(default)2537 2184 w
10 CW f
(/adm/keys)2872 2184 w
10 R f
( the DES key)3 533(\) using)1 275 2 3412 2184 t
10 I f
(key)4246 2184 w
10 R f
(, which is by default read)5 1014 1 4386 2184 t
(from)1080 2304 w
10 CW f
(#r/nvram)1306 2304 w
10 R f
(\(see)1818 2304 w
10 I f
(rtc)2010 2304 w
10 R f
( option)1 288(\(3\)\). With)1 431 2 2129 2304 t
10 CW f
(\255d)2880 2304 w
10 R f
(, keyfs uses)2 477 1 3000 2304 t
10 CW f
(/dev/crypt)3508 2304 w
10 R f
(for decryption.)1 599 1 4139 2304 t
10 I f
(Keyfile)4794 2304 w
10 R f
(holds a)1 292 1 5108 2304 t
( encrypted separately and contains the user's)6 1844( record is)2 389( Each)1 258(41\255byte record for each user in the database.)7 1829 4 1080 2424 t
( name is a null\255terminated)4 1151( The)1 233(name, DES key, status, host status, and expiration date.)8 2436 3 1080 2544 t
9 R f
(UTF)4950 2544 w
10 R f
(string)5172 2544 w
10 CW f
(NAMELEN)1080 2664 w
10 R f
( disabled.)1 388( status is a byte containing binary 0 if the account is enabled, 1 if it is)16 2831( The)1 209(bytes long.)1 443 4 1529 2664 t
( expiration date is four\255)4 953( The)1 209( the user is a host, and 0 otherwise.)8 1430(Host status is a byte containing binary 1 if)8 1728 4 1080 2784 t
( in seconds since the epoch \(see)6 1329(byte little\255endian integer which represents the time)6 2084 2 1080 2904 t
10 I f
(date)4528 2904 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\) at which the)3 692 1 4708 2904 t
( affect the information stored in)5 1282( any changes are made to the database that)8 1727( If)1 120(account will expire.)2 798 4 1080 3024 t
10 I f
(keyfile)5035 3024 w
10 R f
(, a)1 97 1 5303 3024 t
(new version of the file is written.)6 1323 1 1080 3144 t
( infor\255)1 258(There are two authentication databases, one for Plan 9 user information, and one for SecureNet user)15 4062 2 1080 3312 t
( installed in both databases but must be installed in the Plan 9 database to con\255)15 3194( user need not be)4 696(mation. A)1 430 3 1080 3432 t
(nect to a Plan 9 server.)5 909 1 1080 3552 t
10 I f
(Keyfs)1080 3720 w
10 R f
(serves an interpretation of the)4 1230 1 1338 3720 t
10 I f
(keyfile)2604 3720 w
10 R f
( tree rooted at)3 587(in the file)2 405 2 2900 3720 t
10 I f
(mntpt)3929 3720 w
10 R f
(\(default)4194 3720 w
10 CW f
(/mnt/keys)4541 3720 w
10 R f
(\). Each)1 319 1 5081 3720 t
(user)1080 3840 w
10 I f
(user)1271 3840 w
10 R f
(in)1468 3840 w
10 I f
(keyfile)1571 3840 w
10 R f
(is represented as the directory)4 1191 1 1856 3840 t
10 I f
(mntpt)3072 3840 w
10 R f
(/)3308 3840 w
10 I f
(user)3344 3840 w
10 R f
(.)3524 3840 w
( in)1 109(Making a new directory)3 971 2 1080 4008 t
10 I f
(mntpt)2191 4008 w
10 R f
( a directory removes)3 835( Removing)1 473(creates a new user entry in the database.)7 1642 3 2450 4008 t
(the user entry, and renaming it changes the name in the entry.)11 2503 1 1080 4128 t
10 I f
(Keyfs)3637 4128 w
10 R f
( duplicate names when)3 921(does not allow)2 591 2 3888 4128 t
(creating or renaming user entries.)4 1338 1 1080 4248 t
(All files in the user directories except for)7 1680 1 1080 4416 t
10 CW f
(key)2791 4416 w
10 R f
(contain)3002 4416 w
9 R f
(UTF)3325 4416 w
10 R f
(strings with a trailing newline when read, and)7 1874 1 3526 4416 t
( as)1 117(should be written)2 714 2 1080 4536 t
9 R f
(UTF)1943 4536 w
10 R f
(strings with or without a trailing newline.)6 1712 1 2147 4536 t
10 CW f
(Key)3918 4536 w
10 R f
(contains the)1 489 1 4132 4536 t
10 CW f
(DESKEYLEN)4655 4536 w
10 R f
(\255byte)5195 4536 w
(encryption key for the user.)4 1100 1 1080 4656 t
(The following files appear in the user directories.)7 1968 1 1080 4824 t
10 CW f
(key)1080 4992 w
10 R f
( user's account is disabled or expired, reading this file)9 2229( the)1 154( If)1 123(The authentication key for the user.)5 1454 4 1440 4992 t
( Writing)1 361(returns an error.)2 639 2 1440 5112 t
10 I f
(key)2465 5112 w
10 R f
(changes the key in the database.)5 1280 1 2622 5112 t
10 CW f
(log)1080 5280 w
10 R f
( the string)2 430( Writing)1 376( of consecutive failed authentication attempts for the user.)8 2435(The number)1 499 4 1440 5280 t
10 CW f
(bad)5220 5280 w
10 R f
(increments this number; writing)3 1286 1 1440 5400 t
10 CW f
(good)2753 5400 w
10 R f
( the number reaches fifty,)4 1026( If)1 117( 0.)1 101(resets it to)2 415 4 3020 5400 t
10 I f
(keyfs)4705 5400 w
10 R f
(disables the)1 470 1 4930 5400 t
( the account is disabled, the only way to enable it is to write the string)15 3062(account. Once)1 613 2 1440 5520 t
10 CW f
(ok)5158 5520 w
10 R f
(to)5322 5520 w
10 CW f
(status)1440 5640 w
10 R f
( number is not stored in)5 947(. This)1 253 2 1800 5640 t
10 I f
(keyfile)3025 5640 w
10 R f
(, and is initialized to 0 when)6 1130 1 3293 5640 t
10 I f
(keyfs)4448 5640 w
10 R f
(starts.)4672 5640 w
10 CW f
(status)1080 5808 w
10 R f
(The current status of the account, either)6 1594 1 1440 5928 t
10 CW f
(ok)3061 5928 w
10 R f
(or)3208 5928 w
10 CW f
(disabled)3318 5928 w
10 R f
(. Writing)1 389 1 3798 5928 t
10 CW f
(ok)4215 5928 w
10 R f
(enables the account; writ\255)3 1037 1 4363 5928 t
(ing)1440 6048 w
10 CW f
(disabled)1593 6048 w
10 R f
(disables it.)1 428 1 2098 6048 t
10 CW f
(expire)1080 6216 w
10 R f
( read, it contains either the string)6 1324( When)1 290(The expiration time for the account.)5 1446 3 1440 6336 t
10 CW f
(never)4527 6336 w
10 R f
(or the time in)3 545 1 4855 6336 t
( form,)1 246( written with strings of the same)6 1306( When)1 291(seconds since the epoch that the account will expire.)8 2117 4 1440 6456 t
( the expiration date is reached, the account is not disabled,)10 2339( If)1 117( user.)1 217(it sets the expiration date for the)6 1287 4 1440 6576 t
(but)1440 6696 w
10 I f
(key)1593 6696 w
10 R f
(cannot be read without an error.)5 1274 1 1750 6696 t
10 CW f
(ishost)1080 6864 w
10 R f
( are the only users)4 738( Hosts)1 281( host \(the host status for the user is 1\).)9 1548(This file exists only if the user is a)8 1393 4 1440 6984 t
( it makes the user a host and sets the host status to 1, and removing)15 2736( Creating)1 398(able to receive calls.)3 826 3 1440 7104 t
(it sets the host status to 0.)6 1026 1 1440 7224 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 341)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( KEYFS)1 4083(KEYFS \( 4 \))3 457 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 960 t
10 CW f
(/adm/keys)1080 1080 w
10 R f
(Encrypted key file for the Plan 9 database.)7 1696 1 1440 1200 t
10 CW f
(/adm/netkeys)1080 1320 w
10 R f
(Encrypted key file for the SecureNet database.)6 1858 1 1440 1440 t
10 CW f
(#r/nvram)1080 1560 w
10 R f
(The non\255volatile RAM on the server, which holds the key used to decrypt key files.)14 3334 1 1440 1680 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1848 t
10 I f
(auth)1080 1968 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)1266 1968 w
10 I f
(namespace)1432 1968 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)1883 1968 w
10 I f
(auth)2049 1968 w
10 R f
(\(8\))2235 1968 w
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( KFS)1 4216(KFS \( 4 \))3 324 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(kfs)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1227 1080 w
10 R f
(disk file system)2 628 1 1317 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(disk/kfs)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1585 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255rc)1618 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1798 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255b)1889 1368 w
10 I f
(n)2034 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2092 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255f)2183 1368 w
10 I f
(file)2328 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2464 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255n)2555 1368 w
10 I f
(name)2700 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2924 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255s)3015 1368 w
10 R f
(])3135 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Kfs)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(is a local user\255level file server for a Plan 9 terminal with a disk.)13 2599 1 1244 1656 t
10 CW f
(Kfs)3898 1656 w
10 R f
(begins by checking the file sys\255)5 1292 1 4108 1656 t
(tem for consistency, rebuilding the free list, and placing a file descriptor in /srv/)13 3304 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(service)4392 1776 w
10 R f
(, where)1 302 1 4682 1776 t
10 I f
(service)5018 1776 w
10 R f
(is)5333 1776 w
(the service name \(default)3 1029 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(kfs)2142 1896 w
10 R f
( system is inconsistent, the user is asked for permission to ream)11 2636( the file)2 321(\). If)1 182 3 2261 1896 t
(\()1080 2016 w
10 I f
(q.v.)1121 2016 w
10 R f
( file system is not checked if it is reamed.)9 1659( The)1 205(\) the disk.)2 397 3 1273 2016 t
(The options are)2 621 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(b)1080 2352 w
10 I f
(n)1208 2352 w
10 R f
( system is reamed, use)4 912(If the file)2 377 2 1440 2352 t
10 I f
(n)2758 2352 w
10 R f
( blocks make the file system faster and less)8 1757( Larger)1 319(byte blocks.)1 487 3 2837 2352 t
(space efficient.)1 603 1 1440 2472 t
10 CW f
(1024)2093 2472 w
10 R f
(and)2358 2472 w
10 CW f
(4096)2527 2472 w
10 R f
(are good choices.)2 695 1 2792 2472 t
10 I f
(N)3537 2472 w
10 R f
(must be a multiple of 512.)5 1050 1 3629 2472 t
10 CW f
(c)1080 2640 w
10 R f
(Do not check the file system.)5 1165 1 1440 2640 t
10 CW f
(f)1080 2808 w
10 I f
(file)1208 2808 w
10 R f
(Use)1440 2808 w
10 I f
(file)1620 2808 w
10 R f
( default is)2 394( The)1 205(as the block storage file.)4 973 3 1773 2808 t
10 CW f
(/dev/hd0fs)3370 2808 w
10 R f
(.)3970 2808 w
10 CW f
(n)1080 2976 w
10 I f
(name)1208 2976 w
10 R f
(Use kfs.)1 327 1 1440 3096 t
10 I f
(name)1775 3096 w
10 R f
(as the name of the service.)5 1058 1 2016 3096 t
10 CW f
(r)1080 3264 w
10 R f
(Ream the file system, erasing all of the old data and adding all blocks to the free list.)17 3382 1 1440 3264 t
10 CW f
(s)1080 3432 w
10 R f
(Post file descriptor zero in)4 1070 1 1440 3432 t
10 CW f
(/srv/)2539 3432 w
10 I f
(service)2847 3432 w
10 R f
( messages on file descriptor)4 1129(and read and write protocol)4 1113 2 3158 3432 t
(one.)1440 3552 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 3720 t
10 CW f
(% kfs \255rb4096 \255nlocal)3 1260 1 1080 3840 t
(% mount \255c /srv/kfs.local /n/kfs)4 1920 1 1080 3960 t
10 R f
(Create a file system with service name)6 1541 1 1080 4128 t
10 I f
(kfs.local)2646 4128 w
10 R f
(and mount it on)3 631 1 3007 4128 t
10 CW f
(/n/kfs)3663 4128 w
10 R f
(.)4023 4128 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 4296 t
10 CW f
(/dev/hd0fs)1080 4416 w
10 R f
(Default file holding blocks.)3 1099 1 1440 4536 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4704 t
10 I f
(kfscmd)1080 4824 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1365 4824 w
10 I f
(mkfs)1531 4824 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1722 4824 w
10 I f
(prep)1888 4824 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)2079 4824 w
10 I f
(hard)2245 4824 w
10 R f
(\(3\))2442 4824 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4992 t
10 R f
(This file system is known to be unreliable and shouldn't be depended on.)12 2922 1 1080 5112 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 343)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( NAMESPACE)1 3794(NAMESPACE \( 4 \))3 746 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(namespace)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1542 1080 w
10 R f
(structure of conventional file name space)5 1643 1 1632 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 R f
(none)1080 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
( of conventions if the system is)6 1256(After a user's profile has run, the file name space should adhere to a number)14 3064 2 1080 1656 t
( hierarchy and)2 588( manual page documents those conventions by traversing the file)9 2678( This)1 238(to behave normally.)2 816 4 1080 1776 t
( proper.)1 317( also serves as a guide to where things reside in the file system)13 2577( It)1 117(describing the points of interest.)4 1309 4 1080 1896 t
(The traversal is far from exhaustive.)5 1446 1 1080 2016 t
(First, here is the appearance of the file server as it appears before any mounts or bindings.)16 3586 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(/)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(The root directory.)2 751 1 1920 2352 t
10 CW f
(/adm)1080 2472 w
10 R f
(The administration directory for the file server.)6 1882 1 1920 2472 t
10 CW f
(/adm/users)1080 2592 w
10 R f
(List of users known to the file server; see)8 1647 1 1920 2592 t
10 I f
(users)3592 2592 w
10 R f
(\(6\).)3811 2592 w
10 CW f
(/adm/keys)1080 2712 w
10 R f
(Authentication keys for users.)3 1198 1 1920 2712 t
10 CW f
(/adm/netkeys)1080 2832 w
10 R f
(SecureNet keys for users; see)4 1174 1 1920 2832 t
10 I f
(securenet)3119 2832 w
10 R f
(\(8\).)3509 2832 w
10 CW f
(/adm/timezone)1080 2952 w
10 R f
(Directory of timezone files; see)4 1258 1 1920 2952 t
10 I f
(ctime)3203 2952 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)3427 2952 w
10 CW f
(/adm/timezone/EST.EDT)1080 3072 w
10 R f
( such files are in this directory too.)7 1387( Other)1 277(Time zone description for Eastern Time.)5 1619 3 1920 3192 t
10 CW f
(/adm/timezone/timezone)1080 3312 w
10 R f
( the local time zone; a copy of one of the other files in this)14 2428(Time zone description for)3 1052 2 1920 3432 t
(directory.)1920 3552 w
10 CW f
(/bin)1080 3672 w
(/dev)1080 3792 w
(/env)1080 3912 w
(/fd)1080 4032 w
(/net)1080 4152 w
(/proc)1080 4272 w
(/srv)1080 4392 w
(/tmp)1080 4512 w
10 R f
(All empty unwritable directories, place holders for mounted services and directories.)10 3382 1 1920 4512 t
10 CW f
(/mnt)1080 4632 w
10 R f
(A directory containing mount points for applications.)6 2129 1 1920 4632 t
10 CW f
(/n)1080 4752 w
10 R f
(A directory containing mount points for file trees imported from remote systems.)11 3241 1 1920 4752 t
10 CW f
(/68020)1080 4872 w
(/386)1080 4992 w
(/sparc)1080 5112 w
(/960)1080 5232 w
(/hobbit)1080 5352 w
(/mips)1080 5472 w
10 R f
( root containing)2 673(Each CPU architecture supported by Plan 9 has a directory in the)11 2807 2 1920 5472 t
( selected according to)3 882(architecture\255specific files, to be)3 1275 2 1920 5592 t
10 CW f
($objtype)4107 5592 w
10 R f
(or)4617 5592 w
10 CW f
($cputype)4730 5592 w
10 R f
(\(see)5240 5592 w
10 I f
(2c)1920 5712 w
10 R f
(\(1\) and)1 285 1 2022 5712 t
10 I f
(init)2332 5712 w
10 R f
( we list only those for)5 869(\(8\)\). Here)1 417 2 2474 5712 t
10 CW f
(/mips)3785 5712 w
10 R f
(.)4085 5712 w
10 CW f
(/mips/init)1080 5832 w
10 R f
(The initialization program used during bootstrapping; see)6 2298 1 1920 5832 t
10 I f
(init)4243 5832 w
10 R f
(\(8\).)4385 5832 w
10 CW f
(/mips/bin)1080 5952 w
10 R f
(Directory containing binaries for the MIPS architecture.)6 2237 1 1920 5952 t
10 CW f
(/mips/bin/aux)1080 6072 w
(/mips/bin/games)1080 6192 w
10 R f
( of)1 120(etc. Subdirectories)1 1417 2 1080 6312 t
10 CW f
(/mips/bin)2654 6312 w
10 R f
(containing auxiliary tools and collecting related pro\255)6 2169 1 3231 6312 t
(grams.)1920 6432 w
10 CW f
(/mips/lib)1080 6552 w
10 R f
(Directory of object code libraries as used by)7 1765 1 1920 6552 t
10 CW f
(vl)3710 6552 w
10 R f
(\(see)3855 6552 w
10 I f
(2l)4040 6552 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\).)4126 6552 w
10 CW f
(/mips/include)1080 6672 w
10 R f
(Directory of MIPS\255specific C include files.)5 1725 1 1920 6672 t
10 CW f
(/mips/9*)1080 6792 w
10 R f
(The files in)2 455 1 1920 6792 t
10 CW f
(/mips)2400 6792 w
10 R f
(beginning with a)2 672 1 2725 6792 t
10 CW f
(9)3422 6792 w
10 R f
(are binaries of the operating system.)5 1447 1 3507 6792 t
10 CW f
(/mips/mkfile)1080 6912 w
10 R f
(Selected by)1 471 1 1920 6912 t
10 I f
(mk)2424 6912 w
10 R f
(\(1\) when)1 365 1 2548 6912 t
10 CW f
($objtype)2947 6912 w
10 R f
(is)3461 6912 w
10 CW f
(mips)3562 6912 w
10 R f
(, this file configures)3 826 1 3802 6912 t
10 CW f
(mk)4662 6912 w
10 R f
(to compile for)2 584 1 4816 6912 t
(the MIPS architecture.)2 901 1 1920 7032 t
10 CW f
(/rc)1080 7152 w
10 R f
( the architecture\255dependent directories, this holds executables and)7 2886(Isomorphic to)1 594 2 1920 7152 t
(libraries for the shell,)3 854 1 1920 7272 t
10 I f
(rc)2799 7272 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)2890 7272 w
( 344)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( NAMESPACE)1 3794(NAMESPACE \( 4 \))3 746 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(/rc/bin)1080 960 w
10 R f
(Directory of shell executable files.)4 1377 1 1920 960 t
10 CW f
(/rc/lib)1080 1080 w
10 R f
( only one file,)3 555( Holds)1 289(Directory of shell libraries.)3 1081 3 1920 1080 t
10 CW f
(rcmain)3870 1080 w
10 R f
(.)4230 1080 w
10 CW f
(/lib)1080 1200 w
10 R f
(Collections of data, generally not parts of programs.)7 2083 1 1920 1200 t
10 CW f
(/lib/bible)1080 1320 w
10 R f
(The King James edition)3 952 1 1920 1320 t
10 CW f
(/lib/chess)1080 1440 w
(/lib/sky)1080 1560 w
10 R f
(etc. Databases.)1 1269 1 1080 1680 t
10 CW f
(/lib/ndb)1080 1800 w
10 R f
(The network database used by the networking software; see)8 2383 1 1920 1800 t
10 I f
(ndb)4328 1800 w
10 R f
(\(6\) and)1 285 1 4486 1800 t
10 I f
(ndb)4796 1800 w
10 R f
(\(8\).)4954 1800 w
10 CW f
(/lib/namespace)1080 1920 w
10 R f
(The file used by)3 730 1 1920 2040 t
10 CW f
(newns)2703 2040 w
10 R f
(\(see)3056 2040 w
10 I f
(auth)3269 2040 w
10 R f
( establish the default name space; see)6 1665(\(2\)\) to)1 280 2 3455 2040 t
10 I f
(namespace)1920 2160 w
10 R f
(\(6\).)2371 2160 w
10 CW f
(/sys)1080 2280 w
10 R f
(System software.)1 688 1 1920 2280 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(Pieces of programs not easily held in the various)8 1942 1 1920 2400 t
10 CW f
(bins)3887 2400 w
10 R f
(.)4127 2400 w
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/troff)1080 2520 w
10 R f
(Directory of)1 490 1 1920 2640 t
10 I f
(troff)2435 2640 w
10 R f
(\(1\) font tables and macros.)4 1067 1 2616 2640 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/yaccpar)1080 2760 w
10 R f
(The)1920 2880 w
10 I f
(yacc)2100 2880 w
10 R f
(\(1\) parser.)1 409 1 2290 2880 t
10 CW f
(/sys/man)1080 3000 w
10 R f
(The manual.)1 499 1 1920 3000 t
10 CW f
(/sys/doc)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(Other system documentation.)2 1174 1 1920 3120 t
10 CW f
(/sys/log)1080 3240 w
10 R f
(Log files created by various system services.)6 1788 1 1920 3240 t
10 CW f
(/sys/src)1080 3360 w
10 R f
(Top\255level directory of system sources.)4 1533 1 1920 3360 t
10 CW f
(/sys/src/cmd)1080 3480 w
10 R f
(Source to the commands in the)5 1235 1 1920 3480 t
10 CW f
(bin)3180 3480 w
10 R f
(directories.)3385 3480 w
10 CW f
(/sys/src/9)1080 3600 w
10 R f
(Source to the operating system for terminals and CPU servers.)9 2491 1 1920 3600 t
10 CW f
(/sys/src/fs)1080 3720 w
10 R f
(Source to the operating system for file servers.)7 1863 1 1920 3720 t
10 CW f
(/sys/src/lib*)1080 3840 w
10 R f
(Source to the libraries.)3 904 1 1920 3840 t
10 CW f
(/mail)1080 3960 w
10 R f
(Directory of electronic mail; see)4 1291 1 1920 3960 t
10 I f
(mail)3236 3960 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)3422 3960 w
10 CW f
(/mail/box)1080 4080 w
10 R f
(Directory of users' mail box files.)5 1353 1 1920 4080 t
10 CW f
(/mail/lib)1080 4200 w
10 R f
(Directory of alias files, etc.)4 1086 1 1920 4200 t
10 CW f
(/mail/log)1080 4320 w
10 R f
(Directory of mail log files.)4 1068 1 1920 4320 t
10 CW f
(/mail/log/status)1080 4440 w
10 R f
(Log of mail activity.)3 822 1 1920 4560 t
( directories are modified in the standard name space, as defined by)11 3232(The following files and)3 1088 2 1080 4728 t
10 CW f
(/lib/namespace)1080 4848 w
10 R f
(\(see)1945 4848 w
10 I f
(namespace)2130 4848 w
10 R f
(\(6\)\).)2581 4848 w
10 CW f
(/)1080 5016 w
10 R f
( is a kernel device,)4 777( It)1 119(The root of the name space.)5 1148 3 1920 5016 t
10 I f
(root)3997 5016 w
10 R f
( of local)2 345(\(3\), serving a number)3 883 2 4172 5016 t
(mount points such as)3 905 1 1920 5136 t
10 CW f
(/bin)2871 5136 w
10 R f
(and)3157 5136 w
10 CW f
(/dev)3347 5136 w
10 R f
( the bootstrap program)3 967(as well as)2 430 2 3633 5136 t
10 CW f
(/boot)5075 5136 w
10 R f
(.)5375 5136 w
(Unioned with)1 547 1 1920 5256 t
10 CW f
(/)2492 5256 w
10 R f
(is the root of the main file server.)7 1331 1 2577 5256 t
10 CW f
(/boot)1080 5376 w
10 R f
( the operating system kernel, this file establishes the connection to the)11 2896(Compiled into)1 584 2 1920 5376 t
(main file server and starts)4 1031 1 1920 5496 t
10 CW f
(init)2976 5496 w
10 R f
(; see)1 180 1 3216 5496 t
10 I f
(boot)3421 5496 w
10 R f
(\(8\) and)1 285 1 3607 5496 t
10 I f
(init)3917 5496 w
10 R f
(\(8\).)4059 5496 w
10 CW f
(/bin)1080 5616 w
10 R f
( a union directory composed of)5 1405(Mounted here is)2 711 2 1920 5616 t
10 CW f
(/$objtype/bin)4093 5616 w
10 R f
(,)4873 5616 w
10 CW f
(/rc/bin)4955 5616 w
10 R f
(,)5375 5616 w
10 CW f
($home/$objtype/bin)1920 5736 w
10 R f
(, etc., so)2 330 1 3000 5736 t
10 CW f
(/bin)3355 5736 w
10 R f
(is always the directory containing the appro\255)6 1780 1 3620 5736 t
(priate executables for the current architecture.)5 1832 1 1920 5856 t
10 CW f
(/dev)1080 5976 w
10 R f
( I/O devices such as the console)6 1479(Mounted here is a union directory containing)6 2001 2 1920 5976 t
(\()1920 6096 w
10 I f
(cons)1961 6096 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\), the bitmap display \()4 1032 1 2152 6096 t
10 I f
(bit)3192 6096 w
10 R f
( system,)1 336( window)1 356( The)1 214(\(3\)\), etc.)1 349 4 3306 6096 t
10 I f
(8\275)4594 6096 w
10 R f
(\(1\), prefixes this)2 673 1 4727 6096 t
( files with its own, multi\255)5 1107(directory with its ownn version, overriding many device)7 2373 2 1920 6216 t
(plexed simulations of them.)3 1111 1 1920 6336 t
10 CW f
(/env)1080 6456 w
10 R f
( device,)1 321(Mounted here is the environment)4 1366 2 1920 6456 t
10 I f
(env)3643 6456 w
10 R f
(\(3\), which holds environment variables)4 1611 1 3789 6456 t
(such as)1 291 1 1920 6576 t
10 CW f
($cputype)2236 6576 w
10 R f
(.)2716 6576 w
10 CW f
(/net)1080 6696 w
10 R f
(Mounted here is a union directory formed of all the network devices available.)12 3135 1 1920 6696 t
10 CW f
(/net/cs)1080 6816 w
10 R f
(The communications point for the connection server,)6 2116 1 1920 6816 t
10 CW f
(ndb/cs)4061 6816 w
10 R f
(\(see)4446 6816 w
10 I f
(ndb)4631 6816 w
10 R f
(\(8\)\).)4789 6816 w
10 CW f
(/net/il)1080 6936 w
(/net/tcp)1080 7056 w
(/net/udp)1080 7176 w
10 R f
(Directories holding the IP protocol devices \(see)6 1902 1 1920 7176 t
10 I f
(ip)3847 7176 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\).)3933 7176 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 345)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( NAMESPACE)1 3794(NAMESPACE \( 4 \))3 746 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(/net/dk)1080 960 w
10 R f
(A directory holding the Datakit protocol devices \(see)7 2121 1 1920 960 t
10 I f
(dk)4066 960 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\).)4168 960 w
10 CW f
(/proc)1080 1080 w
10 R f
(Mounted here is the process device,)5 1530 1 1920 1080 t
10 I f
(proc)3496 1080 w
10 R f
(\(3\), which provides debugging access to)5 1713 1 3687 1080 t
(active processes.)1 670 1 1920 1200 t
10 CW f
(/fd)1080 1320 w
10 R f
( dup device,)2 539(Mounted here is the)3 874 2 1920 1320 t
10 I f
(dup)3385 1320 w
10 R f
(\(3\), which holds pseudonyms for open file)6 1857 1 3543 1320 t
(descriptors.)1920 1440 w
10 CW f
(/srv)1080 1560 w
10 R f
(Mounted here is the service registry,)5 1458 1 1920 1560 t
10 I f
(srv)3403 1560 w
10 R f
(\(3\), which holds connections to file servers.)6 1747 1 3533 1560 t
10 CW f
(/srv/boot)1080 1680 w
10 R f
(The communication channel to the main file server for the machine.)10 2714 1 1920 1680 t
10 CW f
(/mnt/8\275)1080 1800 w
10 R f
(Mount point for the window system.)5 1461 1 1920 1800 t
10 CW f
(/mnt/term)1080 1920 w
10 R f
( after a)2 296(Mount point for the terminal's name space as seen by the CPU server)12 2881 2 1920 1920 t
10 I f
(cpu)5132 1920 w
10 R f
(\(1\))5284 1920 w
(command.)1920 2040 w
10 CW f
(/n/kremvax)1080 2160 w
10 R f
(A place where machine)3 938 1 1920 2160 t
10 CW f
(kremvax)2883 2160 w
10 R f
('s name space may be mounted.)5 1275 1 3303 2160 t
10 CW f
(/tmp)1080 2280 w
10 R f
(Mounted here is each user's private)5 1421 1 1920 2280 t
10 CW f
(tmp, $home/tmp)1 805 1 3366 2280 t
10 R f
(.)4171 2280 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2448 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 2568 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1283 2568 w
10 I f
(namespace)1449 2568 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1900 2568 w
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( RAMFS)1 4060(RAMFS \( 4 \))3 480 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(ramfs)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1357 1080 w
10 R f
(memory file system)2 794 1 1447 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(ramfs)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255i)1463 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1608 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1724 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1869 1368 t
10 I f
(mountpoint)1985 1368 w
10 R f
(])2466 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Ramfs)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( itself \(see)2 428(starts a process that mounts)4 1131 2 1363 1656 t
10 I f
(bind)2956 1656 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) on)1 283 1 3142 1656 t
10 I f
(mountpoint)3459 1656 w
10 R f
(\(default)3949 1656 w
10 CW f
(/tmp)4293 1656 w
10 R f
(\). The)1 272 1 4533 1656 t
10 I f
(ramfs)4839 1656 w
10 R f
(process)5101 1656 w
(implements a file tree rooted at)5 1245 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(dir)2350 1776 w
10 R f
( the file tree is empty.)5 871( Initially)1 367(, keeping all files in memory.)5 1174 3 2475 1776 t
(The)1080 1944 w
10 CW f
(\255i)1268 1944 w
10 R f
(flag tells)1 355 1 1421 1944 t
10 I f
(ramfs)1809 1944 w
10 R f
(to use file descriptors 0 and 1 for its communication channel rather than create a)14 3330 1 2070 1944 t
( makes it possible to use)5 1000(pipe. This)1 430 2 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(ramfs)2539 2064 w
10 R f
(as a file server on a remote machine: the file descriptors 0 and 1)13 2604 1 2796 2064 t
( network channel from)3 912(will be the)2 424 2 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(ramfs)2443 2184 w
10 R f
( The)1 207(to the client machine.)3 866 2 2698 2184 t
10 CW f
(\255s)3798 2184 w
10 R f
(flag causes)1 442 1 3945 2184 t
10 I f
(ramfs)4414 2184 w
10 R f
(to post its channel)3 731 1 4669 2184 t
(on)1080 2304 w
10 CW f
(/srv/ramfs)1225 2304 w
10 R f
(rather than mounting it on)4 1124 1 1870 2304 t
10 I f
(mountpoint)3039 2304 w
10 R f
( multiple clients to access its files.)6 1483(, enabling)1 414 2 3503 2304 t
( simplistic, so it should not)5 1100(However, it does not authenticate its clients and its implementation of groups is)12 3220 2 1080 2424 t
(be used for precious data.)4 1022 1 1080 2544 t
( can also be used to)5 794( It)1 114( as an example of how to write a user\255level file server.)11 2199(This program is useful mainly)4 1213 4 1080 2712 t
(provide high\255performance temporary files.)3 1701 1 1080 2832 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3000 t
10 I f
(bind)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1266 3120 w
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( SRV)1 4205(SRV \( 4 \))3 335 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(srv, 9fs, dk232, dkmodem)3 1044 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2174 1080 w
10 R f
(start network file service)3 989 1 2264 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(srv)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255m)1343 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1488 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1604 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1749 1368 t
10 I f
(net)1848 1368 w
10 R f
(!])1978 1368 w
10 I f
(system)2052 1368 w
10 R f
([!)2326 1368 w
10 I f
(service)2400 1368 w
10 R f
([)2707 1368 w
10 I f
(srvname)2765 1368 w
10 R f
([)3128 1368 w
10 I f
(mtpt)3186 1368 w
10 R f
(] ])1 91 1 3389 1368 t
10 CW f
(9fs \255t)1 325 1 1080 1536 t
10 R f
([)1430 1536 w
10 I f
(net)1471 1536 w
10 R f
(!])1601 1536 w
10 I f
(system)1675 1536 w
10 R f
([)1966 1536 w
10 I f
(mountpoint)2007 1536 w
10 R f
(])2471 1536 w
10 CW f
(dk232)1080 1704 w
10 R f
([)1405 1704 w
10 I f
(server)1446 1704 w
10 R f
(])1703 1704 w
10 CW f
(dkmodem)1080 1872 w
10 R f
([)1525 1872 w
10 I f
(telno)1566 1872 w
10 R f
(])1774 1872 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2040 t
10 I f
(Srv)1080 2160 w
10 R f
( then creates in)3 610( It)1 114( connection to serve the 9P protocol.)6 1480(dials the given machine and initializes the)6 1688 4 1240 2160 t
10 CW f
(/srv)5160 2160 w
10 R f
(a file named)2 523 1 1080 2280 t
10 I f
(srvname)1643 2280 w
10 R f
( can then)2 390(. Users)1 317 2 1989 2280 t
10 CW f
(mount)2736 2280 w
10 R f
(\(see)3075 2280 w
10 I f
(bind)3274 2280 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\) the service, typically on a name in)7 1639 1 3460 2280 t
10 CW f
(/n)5138 2280 w
10 R f
(, to)1 142 1 5258 2280 t
( If)1 121( remote machine.)2 700(access the files provided by the)5 1270 3 1080 2400 t
10 I f
(srvname)3201 2400 w
10 R f
(is omitted, the first argument to)5 1286 1 3569 2400 t
10 CW f
(srv)4885 2400 w
10 R f
(is used.)1 305 1 5095 2400 t
(Option)1080 2520 w
10 CW f
(m)1385 2520 w
10 R f
(directs)1472 2520 w
10 I f
(srv)1765 2520 w
10 R f
(to mount the service on)4 946 1 1914 2520 t
10 CW f
(/n/)2887 2520 w
10 I f
(system)3075 2520 w
10 R f
(or onto)1 288 1 3368 2520 t
10 I f
(mtpt)3683 2520 w
10 R f
( option)1 282( If)1 118(if it is given.)3 512 3 3888 2520 t
10 CW f
(t)4826 2520 w
10 R f
(is given, the)2 488 1 4912 2520 t
(mount is authenticated.)2 930 1 1080 2640 t
(The specified)1 548 1 1080 2808 t
10 I f
(service)1661 2808 w
10 R f
( Usually)1 369(must serve 9P.)2 602 2 1976 2808 t
10 I f
(service)2980 2808 w
10 R f
( some non\255Plan 9 sys\255)4 919(can be omitted; when calling)4 1186 2 3295 2808 t
(tems, a)1 283 1 1080 2928 t
10 I f
(service)1388 2928 w
10 R f
(such as)1 291 1 1695 2928 t
10 CW f
(u9fs)2011 2928 w
10 R f
(must be mentioned explicitly.)3 1189 1 2276 2928 t
(The)1080 3096 w
10 I f
(9fs)1268 3096 w
10 R f
(command does the)2 765 1 1418 3096 t
10 I f
(srv)2216 3096 w
10 R f
(and the)1 299 1 2371 3096 t
10 I f
(mount)2703 3096 w
10 R f
( the files of)3 479(necessary to make available)3 1140 2 2986 3096 t
10 I f
(system)4639 3096 w
10 R f
(on network)1 461 1 4939 3096 t
10 I f
(net.)1080 3216 w
10 R f
(The files are mounted on)4 1026 1 1259 3216 t
10 I f
(mountpoint)2317 3216 w
10 R f
( on)1 131(, if given; otherwise they are mounted)6 1559 2 2781 3216 t
10 CW f
(/n/)4502 3216 w
10 I f
(system.)4690 3216 w
10 R f
(If)5037 3216 w
10 I f
(system)5134 3216 w
10 R f
(contains)1080 3336 w
10 CW f
(/)1442 3336 w
10 R f
(characters, only the last element of)5 1416 1 1531 3336 t
10 I f
(system)2977 3336 w
10 R f
(is used in the)3 540 1 3273 3336 t
10 CW f
(/n)3843 3336 w
10 R f
( option)1 286(name. With)1 496 2 3993 3336 t
10 CW f
(t)4805 3336 w
10 R f
(the mount is)2 505 1 4895 3336 t
(authenticated.)1080 3456 w
10 I f
(Dk232)1080 3624 w
10 R f
(configures a serial line as a Datakit device and connects to a file server \(default)14 3331 1 1383 3624 t
10 CW f
(bootes)4752 3624 w
10 R f
(\) using)1 288 1 5112 3624 t
10 CW f
(9fs)1080 3744 w
10 R f
(.)1260 3744 w
10 I f
(Dkmodem)1080 3912 w
10 R f
( server at telephone number)4 1128(dials a file)2 424 2 1513 3912 t
10 CW f
(telno)3095 3912 w
10 R f
(and configures the line as a Datakit device using)8 1975 1 3425 3912 t
10 CW f
(9fs)1080 4032 w
10 R f
(.)1260 4032 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 4200 t
10 R f
(To see kremvax's and deepthought's files in)6 1769 1 1080 4320 t
10 CW f
(/n/kremvax)2874 4320 w
10 R f
(and)3499 4320 w
10 CW f
(/n/deepthought)3668 4320 w
10 R f
(:)4508 4320 w
10 CW f
(9fs kremvax)1 660 1 1440 4488 t
(9fs hhgttg/deepthought)1 1320 1 1440 4608 t
9 R f
( TE E)2 59(N NO OT)2 189 2 720 4776 t
10 R f
(The TCP port used for 9P is 564.)7 1322 1 1080 4896 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5064 t
10 I f
(bind)1080 5184 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1266 5184 w
10 I f
(dial)1432 5184 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1596 5184 w
10 I f
(srv)1762 5184 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1892 5184 w
10 I f
(ftpfs)2058 5184 w
10 R f
(\(4\),)2239 5184 w
10 I f
(dkconfig)2405 5184 w
10 R f
(\(8\))2757 5184 w
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10 R f
( \( 4 \))3 140( U9FS)1 4166(U9FS \( 4 \))3 374 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(u9fs)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1277 1080 w
10 R f
(serve 9P from Unix)3 785 1 1367 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(u9fs)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 I f
(directory)1403 1368 w
10 R f
(])1794 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(U9fs)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(is)1295 1656 w
10 I f
(not)1388 1656 w
10 R f
( program that serves Unix files to Plan 9 machines using the 9P)12 2561( it is a)3 245( Instead)1 339(a Plan 9 program.)3 713 4 1542 1656 t
(protocol \(see)1 527 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(intro)1641 1776 w
10 R f
( to be invoked on a Unix machine by)8 1540( is)1 101(\(5\)\). It)1 294 3 1844 1776 t
10 CW f
(inetd)3812 1776 w
10 R f
(with its standard input, output,)4 1255 1 4145 1776 t
( runs as user)3 505( It)1 114( on an Ethernet.)3 641(and error connected to a network connection, typically TCP)8 2403 4 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(root)4771 1896 w
10 R f
(and mul\255)1 361 1 5039 1896 t
(tiplexes access to multiple Plan 9 clients over the single wire by simulating Unix permissions itself.)15 3982 1 1080 2016 t
(If a)1 135 1 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(directory)1240 2184 w
10 R f
(is specified)1 452 1 1631 2184 t
10 I f
(u9fs)2108 2184 w
10 R f
(first does a Unix)3 663 1 2300 2184 t
10 CW f
(chroot)2988 2184 w
10 R f
(system call to that directory.)4 1135 1 3373 2184 t
(Plan 9 calls this service)4 1006 1 1080 2352 t
10 CW f
(9fs)2128 2352 w
10 R f
( up this way on a)5 770( Set)1 196( service number 17008 on the Ethernet.)6 1680(with TCP)1 404 4 2350 2352 t
(machine called, say,)2 809 1 1080 2472 t
10 CW f
(kremvax)1914 2472 w
10 R f
(,)2334 2472 w
10 I f
(u9fs)2384 2472 w
10 R f
(may be connected to the name space of a Plan 9 process by)12 2361 1 2576 2472 t
10 CW f
(9fs kremvax)1 660 1 1440 2640 t
10 R f
( the service name)3 734(Due to a bug in some versions of the IP software, some systems will not accept)15 3343 2 1080 2808 t
10 CW f
(9fs)5195 2808 w
10 R f
(,)5375 2808 w
( the service as)3 577( so, run)2 309( If)1 122(thinking it a service number because of the initial digit.)9 2263 4 1080 2928 t
10 CW f
(u9fs)4381 2928 w
10 R f
(or)4651 2928 w
10 CW f
(564)4764 2928 w
10 R f
(and do the)2 426 1 4974 2928 t
10 CW f
(srv)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(and)1285 3048 w
10 CW f
(mount)1454 3048 w
10 R f
(by hand:)1 347 1 1779 3048 t
10 CW f
(srv tcp!kremvax!u9fs)1 1200 1 1440 3216 t
(mount \255c /srv/tcp!kremvax!u9fs /n/kremvax)3 2460 1 1440 3336 t
10 R f
(For more information on this procedure, see)6 1761 1 1080 3504 t
10 I f
(srv)2866 3504 w
10 R f
(\(4\) and)1 285 1 2996 3504 t
10 I f
(bind)3306 3504 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)3492 3504 w
10 I f
(U9fs)1080 3672 w
10 R f
( forbids access to devices because the program is)8 1988( It)1 114(serves the entire file system of the Unix machine.)8 2001 3 1297 3672 t
( the)1 149( Using)1 291( may block unpredictably.)3 1049(single\255threaded and)1 787 4 1080 3792 t
10 CW f
(attach)3383 3792 w
10 R f
(specifier)3770 3792 w
10 CW f
(device)4140 3792 w
10 R f
(connects to a file sys\255)4 873 1 4527 3792 t
(tem identical to the usual system except it permits device access \(and may block unpredictably\):)14 3844 1 1080 3912 t
10 CW f
(srv tcp!kremvax!9fs)1 1140 1 1440 4080 t
(mount \255c /srv/tcp!kremvax!9fs /n/kremvax device)4 2820 1 1440 4200 t
10 R f
(\(The)1080 4368 w
10 CW f
(9fs)1311 4368 w
10 R f
( access may produce unpre\255)4 1183( so, device)2 460( Even)1 273(command does not accept an attach specifier.\))6 1950 4 1534 4368 t
(dictable results if the block size of the device is greater than 8192, the maximum data size of a 9P message.)20 4287 1 1080 4488 t
(The source to)2 563 1 1080 4656 t
10 I f
(u9fs)1678 4656 w
10 R f
( directory)1 396(is in the Plan 9)4 635 2 1880 4656 t
10 CW f
(/sys/src/cmd/unix/u9fs)2947 4656 w
10 R f
( install)1 281(. To)1 197 2 4267 4656 t
10 I f
(u9fs)4781 4656 w
10 R f
(on a Unix)2 416 1 4984 4656 t
( the)1 149( Edit)1 219(system, copy the source to a directory on that system.)9 2157 3 1080 4776 t
10 CW f
(makefile)3632 4776 w
10 R f
(to set)1 216 1 4139 4776 t
10 CW f
(LOG)4382 4776 w
10 R f
(to a proper place for)4 812 1 4588 4776 t
( and)1 183( compile with an ANSI C compiler)6 1477( Then)1 268(a log file and to set compile\255time configuration correctly.)8 2392 4 1080 4896 t
(install in)1 348 1 1080 5016 t
10 CW f
(/usr/etc/u9fs)1453 5016 w
10 R f
( this line in)3 448(. Install)1 325 2 2233 5016 t
10 CW f
(inetd.conf)3031 5016 w
10 R f
(:)3631 5016 w
10 CW f
( /usr/etc/u9fs u9fs)2 1380( root)1 360( nowait)1 660( tcp)1 300(9fs stream)1 840 5 1440 5184 t
10 R f
(and this in)2 417 1 1080 5352 t
10 CW f
(services)1522 5352 w
10 R f
(:)2002 5352 w
10 CW f
( Plan 9 fs)3 600( #)1 180( 9fs)1 600(9fs 564/tcp)1 900 4 1440 5520 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 5688 t
10 R f
(Problems are reported to)3 984 1 1080 5808 t
10 CW f
(/tmp/u9fs.log)2089 5808 w
10 R f
( compile\255time flag enables chatty debugging.)5 1803(. A)1 147 2 2869 5808 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5976 t
10 I f
(bind)1080 6096 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1266 6096 w
10 I f
(srv)1432 6096 w
10 R f
(\(4\),)1562 6096 w
10 I f
(ip)1728 6096 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1814 6096 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6264 t
10 R f
(The implementation of devices is unsatisfactory.)5 1942 1 1080 6384 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 349)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 5 \))3 140( INTRO)1 4095(INTRO \( 5 \))3 445 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(intro)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1294 1080 w
10 R f
(introduction to the Plan 9 File Protocol, 9P)7 1718 1 1384 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <fcall.h>)1 1080 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
(A Plan 9)2 358 1 1080 1656 t
10 I f
(server)1467 1656 w
10 R f
(is an agent that provides one or more hierarchical file systems)10 2513 1 1745 1656 t
10 S1 f
(\320)4287 1656 w
10 R f
(file trees)1 350 1 4416 1656 t
10 S1 f
(\320)4795 1656 w
10 R f
(that may be)2 476 1 4924 1656 t
( server responds to requests by)5 1233( A)1 123(accessed by Plan 9 processes.)4 1187 3 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(clients)3649 1776 w
10 R f
(to navigate the hierarchy, and to cre\255)6 1465 1 3935 1776 t
( prototypical server is a separate machine that stores large numbers)10 2747( The)1 211(ate, remove, read, and write files.)5 1362 3 1080 1896 t
( is called, somewhat confusingly, a)5 1441(of user files on permanent media; such a machine)8 2051 2 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(file server.)1 435 1 4605 2016 t
10 R f
(Another)5073 2016 w
( data structures)2 626(possibility for a server is to synthesize files on demand, perhaps based on information on)14 3694 2 1080 2136 t
(inside the kernel; the)3 847 1 1080 2256 t
10 I f
(proc)1956 2256 w
10 R f
(\(3\))2147 2256 w
10 I f
(kernel device)1 532 1 2292 2256 t
10 R f
( programs can)2 571( User)1 241( Plan 9 kernel that does this.)6 1148(is a part of the)4 587 4 2853 2256 t
(also act as servers.)3 742 1 1080 2376 t
(A)1080 2544 w
10 I f
(connection)1180 2544 w
10 R f
( may be)2 324( There)1 285(to a server is a bidirectional communication path from the client to the server.)13 3145 3 1646 2544 t
( process)1 328( server's file tree is attached to a)7 1328( A)1 127(a single client or multiple clients sharing the same connection.)9 2537 4 1080 2664 t
(group's name space by)3 923 1 1080 2784 t
10 I f
(bind)2030 2784 w
10 R f
(\(2\) and)1 287 1 2216 2784 t
10 I f
(mount)2530 2784 w
10 R f
(calls; see)1 365 1 2807 2784 t
10 I f
(intro)3199 2784 w
10 R f
( in the group are then clients of the)8 1416(\(2\). Processes)1 582 2 3402 2784 t
( connec\255)1 340(servers: system calls operating on files are translated into requests and responses transmitted on the)14 3980 2 1080 2904 t
(tion to the appropriate service.)4 1217 1 1080 3024 t
(The)1080 3192 w
10 I f
(Plan 9 File Protocol)3 825 1 1260 3192 t
10 R f
(, 9P, is used for messages between)6 1381 1 2093 3192 t
10 I f
(clients)3499 3192 w
10 R f
(and)3786 3192 w
10 I f
(servers)3956 3192 w
10 R f
( client transmits)2 641(. A)1 148 2 4252 3192 t
10 I f
(requests)5067 3192 w
10 R f
(\()1080 3312 w
10 I f
(T\255messages)1121 3312 w
10 R f
(\) to a server, which subsequently returns)6 1694 1 1595 3312 t
10 I f
(replies)3327 3312 w
10 R f
(\()3637 3312 w
10 I f
(R\255messages)3678 3312 w
10 R f
( combined)1 431( The)1 218(\) to the client.)3 594 3 4157 3312 t
( \(transmitting\) its reply is called)5 1300(acts of transmitting \(receiving\) a request of a particular type, and receiving)11 3020 2 1080 3432 t
(a)1080 3552 w
10 I f
(transaction)1149 3552 w
10 R f
(of that type.)2 480 1 1630 3552 t
( first byte is the message type, one of the constants in)11 2219( The)1 212(Each message consists of a sequence of bytes.)7 1889 3 1080 3720 t
(the enumeration in the include file)5 1443 1 1080 3840 t
10 CW f
(<fcall.h>)2562 3840 w
10 R f
( parameter)1 436( Each)1 263( remaining bytes are parameters.)4 1355(. The)1 244 4 3102 3840 t
(consists of a fixed number of bytes \(except the)8 1879 1 1080 3960 t
10 I f
(data)2986 3960 w
10 R f
(fields of write requests or read replies\); in the message)9 2208 1 3192 3960 t
( two\255, four\255,)2 484( The)1 206( given in brackets after the field name.)7 1542(descriptions below, the number of bytes in a field is)9 2088 4 1080 4080 t
( byte)1 210(and eight\255byte fields may hold unsigned integers represented in little\255endian order \(least significant)12 4110 2 1080 4200 t
( Other)1 290( names are 28\255character strings \(including a terminal NUL \(zero\) byte\).)10 2980( that contain)2 522(first\). Fields)1 528 4 1080 4320 t
( may choose to reduce the set of)7 1332( \(Systems)1 424( are legal in file names.)5 966(than the NUL terminator, all characters)5 1598 4 1080 4440 t
( example to remove slashes from name components, but)8 2308(legal characters to reduce syntactic problems, for)6 2012 2 1080 4560 t
( slash and)2 418( 9 names may contain any printable character except)8 2182( Plan)1 239(the protocol has no such restriction.)5 1481 4 1080 4680 t
( independence;)1 607( are transported in byte form to allow for machine)9 2056(blank.\) Messages)1 725 3 1080 4800 t
10 I f
(fcall)4499 4800 w
10 R f
(\(2\) describes rou\255)2 715 1 4685 4800 t
(tines that convert to and from this form into a machine\255dependent C structure.)12 3115 1 1080 4920 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( ES)1 52( AG GE)2 124( SS SA)2 119( ES)1 52(M ME)1 137 6 720 5088 t
10 CW f
(Tnop)1440 5208 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 5208 w
10 R f
([2])2141 5208 w
10 CW f
(Rnop)1440 5328 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 5328 w
10 R f
([2])2141 5328 w
10 CW f
(Tsession)1440 5496 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 5496 w
10 R f
([2])2141 5496 w
10 CW f
(Rsession)1440 5616 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 5616 w
10 R f
([2])2141 5616 w
10 CW f
(Rerror)1440 5784 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 5784 w
10 R f
([2])2141 5784 w
10 I f
(ename)2282 5784 w
10 R f
([64])2550 5784 w
10 CW f
(Tflush)1440 5952 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 5952 w
10 R f
([2])2141 5952 w
10 I f
(oldtag)2282 5952 w
10 R f
([2])2546 5952 w
10 CW f
(Rflush)1440 6072 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 6072 w
10 R f
([2])2141 6072 w
10 CW f
(Tauth)1440 6240 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 6240 w
10 R f
([2])2141 6240 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 6240 w
10 R f
([2])2396 6240 w
10 I f
(uid)2537 6240 w
10 R f
([28])2673 6240 w
10 I f
(chal)2864 6240 w
10 R f
([36])3044 6240 w
10 CW f
(Rauth)1440 6360 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 6360 w
10 R f
([2])2141 6360 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 6360 w
10 R f
([2])2396 6360 w
10 I f
(chal)2537 6360 w
10 R f
([30])2717 6360 w
10 CW f
(Tattach)1440 6480 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 6480 w
10 R f
([2])2141 6480 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 6480 w
10 R f
([2])2396 6480 w
10 I f
(uid)2537 6480 w
10 R f
([28])2673 6480 w
10 I f
(aname)2864 6480 w
10 R f
([28])3138 6480 w
10 I f
(auth)3329 6480 w
10 R f
([28])3515 6480 w
10 CW f
(Rattach)1440 6600 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 6600 w
10 R f
([2])2141 6600 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 6600 w
10 R f
([2])2396 6600 w
10 I f
(qid)2537 6600 w
10 R f
([8])2673 6600 w
10 CW f
(Tclone)1440 6768 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 6768 w
10 R f
([2])2141 6768 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 6768 w
10 R f
([2])2396 6768 w
10 I f
(newfid)2537 6768 w
10 R f
([2])2812 6768 w
10 CW f
(Rclone)1440 6888 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 6888 w
10 R f
([2])2141 6888 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 6888 w
10 R f
([2])2396 6888 w
10 CW f
(Tclwalk)1440 7056 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 7056 w
10 R f
([2])2141 7056 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 7056 w
10 R f
([2])2396 7056 w
10 I f
(newfid)2537 7056 w
10 R f
([2])2812 7056 w
10 I f
(name)2953 7056 w
10 R f
([28])3177 7056 w
10 CW f
(Rclwalk)1440 7176 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 7176 w
10 R f
([2])2141 7176 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 7176 w
10 R f
([2])2396 7176 w
10 I f
(qid)2537 7176 w
10 R f
([8])2673 7176 w
( 350)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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377 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 5 \))3 140( INTRO)1 4095(INTRO \( 5 \))3 445 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(Twalk)1440 960 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 960 w
10 R f
([2])2141 960 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 960 w
10 R f
([2])2396 960 w
10 I f
(name)2537 960 w
10 R f
([28])2761 960 w
10 CW f
(Rwalk)1440 1080 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 1080 w
10 R f
([2])2141 1080 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 1080 w
10 R f
([2])2396 1080 w
10 I f
(qid)2537 1080 w
10 R f
([8])2673 1080 w
10 CW f
(Topen)1440 1248 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 1248 w
10 R f
([2])2141 1248 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 1248 w
10 R f
([2])2396 1248 w
10 I f
(mode)2537 1248 w
10 R f
([1])2761 1248 w
10 CW f
(Ropen)1440 1368 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 1368 w
10 R f
([2])2141 1368 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 1368 w
10 R f
([2])2396 1368 w
10 I f
(qid)2537 1368 w
10 R f
([8])2673 1368 w
10 CW f
(Tcreate)1440 1536 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 1536 w
10 R f
([2])2141 1536 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 1536 w
10 R f
([2])2396 1536 w
10 I f
(name)2537 1536 w
10 R f
([28])2761 1536 w
10 I f
(perm)2952 1536 w
10 R f
([4])3165 1536 w
10 I f
(mode)3306 1536 w
10 R f
([1])3530 1536 w
10 CW f
(Rcreate)1440 1656 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 1656 w
10 R f
([2])2141 1656 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 1656 w
10 R f
([2])2396 1656 w
10 I f
(qid)2537 1656 w
10 R f
([8])2673 1656 w
10 CW f
(Tread)1440 1824 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 1824 w
10 R f
([2])2141 1824 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 1824 w
10 R f
([2])2396 1824 w
10 I f
(offset)2537 1824 w
10 R f
([8])2762 1824 w
10 I f
(count)2903 1824 w
10 R f
([2])3133 1824 w
10 CW f
(Rread)1440 1944 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 1944 w
10 R f
([2])2141 1944 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 1944 w
10 R f
([2])2396 1944 w
10 I f
(count)2537 1944 w
10 R f
([2])2767 1944 w
10 I f
(pad)2908 1944 w
10 R f
([1])3066 1944 w
10 I f
(data)3207 1944 w
10 R f
([)3393 1944 w
10 I f
(count)3434 1944 w
10 R f
(])3664 1944 w
10 CW f
(Twrite)1440 2112 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 2112 w
10 R f
([2])2141 2112 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 2112 w
10 R f
([2])2396 2112 w
10 I f
(offset)2537 2112 w
10 R f
([8])2762 2112 w
10 I f
(count)2903 2112 w
10 R f
([2])3133 2112 w
10 I f
(pad)3274 2112 w
10 R f
([1])3432 2112 w
10 I f
(data)3573 2112 w
10 R f
([)3759 2112 w
10 I f
(count)3800 2112 w
10 R f
(])4030 2112 w
10 CW f
(Rwrite)1440 2232 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 2232 w
10 R f
([2])2141 2232 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 2232 w
10 R f
([2])2396 2232 w
10 I f
(count)2537 2232 w
10 R f
([2])2767 2232 w
10 CW f
(Tclunk)1440 2400 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 2400 w
10 R f
([2])2141 2400 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 2400 w
10 R f
([2])2396 2400 w
10 CW f
(Rclunk)1440 2520 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 2520 w
10 R f
([2])2141 2520 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 2520 w
10 R f
([2])2396 2520 w
10 CW f
(Tremove)1440 2688 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 2688 w
10 R f
([2])2141 2688 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 2688 w
10 R f
([2])2396 2688 w
10 CW f
(Rremove)1440 2808 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 2808 w
10 R f
([2])2141 2808 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 2808 w
10 R f
([2])2396 2808 w
10 CW f
(Tstat)1440 2976 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 2976 w
10 R f
([2])2141 2976 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 2976 w
10 R f
([2])2396 2976 w
10 CW f
(Rstat)1440 3096 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 3096 w
10 R f
([2])2141 3096 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 3096 w
10 R f
([2])2396 3096 w
10 I f
(stat)2537 3096 w
10 R f
([116])2690 3096 w
10 CW f
(Twstat)1440 3264 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 3264 w
10 R f
([2])2141 3264 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 3264 w
10 R f
([2])2396 3264 w
10 I f
(stat)2537 3264 w
10 R f
([116])2690 3264 w
10 CW f
(Rwstat)1440 3384 w
10 I f
(tag)2005 3384 w
10 R f
([2])2141 3384 w
10 I f
(fid)2282 3384 w
10 R f
([2])2396 3384 w
(Each T\255message has a)3 913 1 1080 3552 t
10 I f
(tag)2028 3552 w
10 R f
( reply to the)3 513( The)1 216(field, chosen and used by the client to identify the message.)10 2480 3 2191 3552 t
( must arrange that no two outstanding messages on the same con\255)11 2671( Clients)1 339( tag.)1 177(message will have the same)4 1133 4 1080 3672 t
( exception is the tag)4 815( An)1 176(nection have the same tag.)4 1072 3 1080 3792 t
10 CW f
(0xFFFF)3173 3792 w
10 R f
(, meaning `no tag': the client can use it, when)9 1867 1 3533 3792 t
(establishing a connection, to override tag matching in)7 2142 1 1080 3912 t
10 CW f
(nop)3247 3912 w
10 R f
(and)3452 3912 w
10 CW f
(session)3621 3912 w
10 R f
(messages.)4066 3912 w
( one greater than the type of the corresponding T\255message or)10 2607(The type of an R\255message will either be)7 1713 2 1080 4080 t
10 CW f
(Rerror)1080 4200 w
10 R f
( the latter case, the)4 773( In)1 140(, indicating that the request failed.)5 1397 3 1440 4200 t
10 I f
(ename)3781 4200 w
10 R f
(field contains a string describing)4 1328 1 4072 4200 t
(the reason for failure.)3 858 1 1080 4320 t
(The)1080 4488 w
10 CW f
(nop)1263 4488 w
10 R f
( main purpose is in debugging the connection between)8 2207( Its)1 154( effect.)1 280(message request has no obvious)4 1288 4 1471 4488 t
( A)1 124( is never necessary.)3 781( It)1 113( and a server.)3 537(a client)1 294 5 1080 4608 t
10 CW f
(session)2956 4608 w
10 R f
(request initializes a connection and aborts all out\255)7 1997 1 3403 4608 t
( set of messages between)4 1003( The)1 205(standing I/O on the connection.)4 1257 3 1080 4728 t
10 CW f
(session)3570 4728 w
10 R f
(requests is called a)3 751 1 4015 4728 t
10 I f
(session)4791 4728 w
10 R f
(.)5088 4728 w
(Most T\255messages contain a)3 1099 1 1080 4896 t
10 I f
(fid,)2207 4896 w
10 R f
( ``current file'' on)3 734(a 16\255bit unsigned integer that the client uses to identify a)10 2300 2 2366 4896 t
( restricted to files open)4 919( are somewhat like file descriptors in a user process, but they are not)13 2759( Fids)1 225(the server.)1 417 4 1080 5016 t
(for I/O: directories being examined, files being accessed by)8 2375 1 1080 5136 t
10 I f
(stat)3480 5136 w
10 R f
( and so on)3 411(\(2\) calls,)1 349 2 3633 5136 t
10 S1 f
(\320)4419 5136 w
10 R f
(all files being manip\255)3 855 1 4545 5136 t
(ulated by the operating system)4 1257 1 1080 5256 t
10 S1 f
(\320)2370 5256 w
10 R f
( requests on a)3 570( All)1 186( are chosen by the client.)5 1032( Fids)1 231(are identified by fids.)3 878 5 2503 5256 t
( share a connection, the agent managing the shar\255)8 2002(connection share the same fid space; when several clients)8 2318 2 1080 5376 t
(ing must arrange that no two clients choose the same fids.)10 2311 1 1080 5496 t
(The first fid supplied \(in an)5 1111 1 1080 5664 t
10 CW f
(attach)2219 5664 w
10 R f
( to refer to the root of the served)8 1323(message\) will be taken by the server)6 1470 2 2607 5664 t
( The)1 211(file tree.)1 338 2 1080 5784 t
10 CW f
(attach)1660 5784 w
10 R f
( to the server and may specify a particular file tree served by the)13 2627(identifies the user)2 722 2 2051 5784 t
( A)1 126(server \(for those that supply more than one\).)7 1802 2 1080 5904 t
10 CW f
(walk)3037 5904 w
10 R f
( current file)2 475(message causes the server to change the)6 1619 2 3306 5904 t
( client maintains a fid)4 870( a)1 71( Usually,)1 388(associated with a fid to be a file in the directory that is the old current file.)16 2991 4 1080 6024 t
(for the root, and navigates by)5 1170 1 1080 6144 t
10 CW f
(walks)2275 6144 w
10 R f
(on a fid)2 305 1 2600 6144 t
10 CW f
(cloned)2930 6144 w
10 R f
(from the root fid.)3 688 1 3315 6144 t
( corresponding R\255messages, but all outstand\255)5 1813(A client can send multiple T\255messages without waiting for the)9 2507 2 1080 6312 t
( on one fid and)4 611( server may delay the response to a request)8 1744( The)1 209(ing T\255messages must specify different tags.)5 1756 4 1080 6432 t
( is sometimes necessary, for example when the client reads from)10 2605(respond to later requests on other fids; this)7 1715 2 1080 6552 t
(a file that the server synthesizes from external events such as keyboard characters.)12 3282 1 1080 6672 t
(Replies \(R\255messages\) to)2 971 1 1080 6840 t
10 CW f
(attach)2076 6840 w
10 R f
(,)2436 6840 w
10 CW f
(walk)2486 6840 w
10 R f
(,)2726 6840 w
10 CW f
(open)2776 6840 w
10 R f
(and)3041 6840 w
10 CW f
(create)3210 6840 w
10 R f
(requests convey a)2 709 1 3595 6840 t
10 I f
(qid)4329 6840 w
10 R f
(field back to the client.)4 918 1 4482 6840 t
( identification for the file being accessed: two files on the same server)12 2794(The qid represents the server's unique)5 1526 2 1080 6960 t
( client may have multiple fids pointing to)7 1667( \(The)1 240( same if and only if their qids are the same.)10 1742(hierarchy are the)2 671 4 1080 7080 t
( eight\255byte qid fields represent two four\255byte)6 1833( The)1 212( a server and hence having a single qid.\))8 1660(a single file on)3 615 4 1080 7200 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 351)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 5 \))3 140( INTRO)1 4095(INTRO \( 5 \))3 445 3 720 480 t
(unsigned integers: first the qid)4 1232 1 1080 960 t
10 I f
(path)2341 960 w
10 R f
(, then the qid)3 534 1 2527 960 t
10 I f
(version)3090 960 w
10 R f
( path is an integer unique among all files in)9 1774(. The)1 234 2 3392 960 t
( directory, the old and new)5 1090( a file is deleted and recreated with the same name in the same)13 2556( If)1 121(the hierarchy.)1 553 4 1080 1080 t
( always have the)3 680( Directories)1 499(path components of the qids should be different.)7 1973 3 1080 1200 t
10 CW f
(CHDIR)4264 1200 w
10 R f
(bit \()1 171 1 4596 1200 t
10 CW f
(0x80000000)4767 1200 w
10 R f
(\))5367 1200 w
( is a version number for a file; typically, it is incremented every time the)14 2963( version)1 325( The)1 211(set in their qid path.)4 821 4 1080 1320 t
(file is modified.)2 636 1 1080 1440 t
(An existing file can be)4 928 1 1080 1608 t
10 CW f
(opened,)2039 1608 w
10 R f
( new file may be)4 693(or a)1 158 2 2490 1608 t
10 CW f
(created)3373 1608 w
10 R f
( of a)2 191( I/O)1 190(in the current \(directory\) file.)4 1194 3 3825 1608 t
(given number of bytes \(limited to 8192\) at a given offset on an open file is done by)17 3321 1 1080 1728 t
10 CW f
(read)4426 1728 w
10 R f
(and)4691 1728 w
10 CW f
(write)4860 1728 w
10 R f
(.)5160 1728 w
(A client should)2 611 1 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(clunk)1716 1896 w
10 R f
( The)1 205(any fid that is no longer needed.)6 1284 2 2041 1896 t
10 CW f
(remove)3555 1896 w
10 R f
(transaction deletes files.)2 962 1 3940 1896 t
(The)1080 2064 w
10 CW f
(stat)1268 2064 w
10 R f
( The)1 214( file.)1 192(request returns information about the)4 1513 3 1541 2064 t
10 I f
(stat)3494 2064 w
10 R f
(field in the reply includes the file's name,)7 1727 1 3673 2064 t
( execute for owner, group and public\), access and modification times,)10 2870(access permissions \(read, write and)4 1450 2 1080 2184 t
(and owner and group identifications \(see)5 1647 1 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(stat)2756 2304 w
10 R f
( names.)1 310( owner and group identifications are 28\255byte)6 1798(\(2\)\). The)1 383 3 2909 2304 t
(The)1080 2424 w
10 CW f
(wstat)1260 2424 w
10 R f
(transaction allows some of a file's properties to be changed.)9 2395 1 1585 2424 t
(A request can be aborted with a)6 1269 1 1080 2592 t
10 CW f
(Tflush)2375 2592 w
10 R f
( a server receives a)4 761(request. When)1 602 2 2761 2592 t
10 CW f
(Tflush)4150 2592 w
10 R f
( to)1 105(, it should not reply)4 785 2 4510 2592 t
(the message with tag)3 868 1 1080 2712 t
10 I f
(oldtag)1984 2712 w
10 R f
(\(unless it has already replied\), and it should immediately send an)10 2704 1 2276 2712 t
10 CW f
(Rflush)5015 2712 w
10 R f
(.)5375 2712 w
( should ignore replies with tag)5 1268(The client)1 412 2 1080 2832 t
10 I f
(oldtag)2796 2832 w
10 R f
(until it gets the)3 631 1 3088 2832 t
10 CW f
(Rflush)3755 2832 w
10 R f
(, at which point)3 655 1 4115 2832 t
10 I f
(oldtag)4806 2832 w
10 R f
(may be)1 302 1 5098 2832 t
(reused.)1080 2952 w
( the 9P protocol directly; instead calls to library routines that access files are)13 3230(Most programs do not see)4 1090 2 1080 3120 t
(translated by the mount driver,)4 1229 1 1080 3240 t
10 I f
(mnt)2334 3240 w
10 R f
(\(3\), into 9P messages.)3 880 1 2492 3240 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( ES)1 52( IE)1 57( RI)1 32( OR)1 62( TO)1 67( CT)1 57( EC)1 62( RE)1 57( IR)1 62(D DI)1 97 11 720 3408 t
10 R f
(Directories are created by)3 1044 1 1080 3528 t
10 CW f
(create)2155 3528 w
10 R f
(with)2546 3528 w
10 CW f
(CHDIR)2755 3528 w
10 R f
(set in the permissions argument \(see)5 1481 1 3086 3528 t
10 I f
(stat)4598 3528 w
10 R f
( mem\255)1 264(\(5\)\). The)1 385 2 4751 3528 t
(bers of a directory can be found with)7 1562 1 1080 3648 t
10 I f
(read)2680 3648 w
10 R f
( directories must support)3 1030(\(5\). All)1 332 2 2871 3648 t
10 CW f
(walks)4271 3648 w
10 R f
(to the directory)2 634 1 4609 3648 t
10 CW f
(..)5280 3648 w
10 R f
( for)1 143(\(dot\255dot\) meaning parent directory, although by convention directories contain no explicit entry)11 3833 2 1080 3768 t
10 CW f
(..)5083 3768 w
10 R f
(or)5230 3768 w
10 CW f
(.)5340 3768 w
10 R f
( parent of the root directory of a server's tree is itself.)11 2133(\(dot\). The)1 424 2 1080 3888 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( ON NS)2 119( IO)1 67( SS SI)2 84( IS)1 52( MI)1 32( RM)1 82( ER)1 62( PE)1 57( P)1 75( SS S)2 54( ES)1 52( CC CE)2 119(A AC)1 127 14 720 4056 t
10 R f
( number of groups.)3 766( user can be a member of any)7 1178( Each)1 250(Each server maintains a set of user and group names.)9 2126 4 1080 4176 t
(Each group has a)3 690 1 1080 4296 t
10 I f
(group leader)1 521 1 1797 4296 t
10 R f
(who has special privileges \(see)4 1244 1 2345 4296 t
10 I f
(stat)3616 4296 w
10 R f
(\(5\) and)1 287 1 3769 4296 t
10 I f
(users)4083 4296 w
10 R f
( has)1 159( file request)2 475(\(6\)\). Every)1 464 3 4302 4296 t
( user id \(copied from the original)6 1344(an implicit)1 434 2 1080 4416 t
10 CW f
(attach)2887 4416 w
10 R f
(\) and an implicit set of groups \(every group of which)10 2153 1 3247 4416 t
(the user is a member\).)4 884 1 1080 4536 t
(Each file has an associated)4 1089 1 1080 4704 t
10 I f
(owner)2199 4704 w
10 R f
(and)2479 4704 w
10 I f
(group)2653 4704 w
10 R f
( the owner, those of)4 814(id and three sets of permissions: those of)7 1664 2 2922 4704 t
( the owner attempts to do something to a file, the owner,)11 2399( When)1 302(the group, and those of ``other'' users.)6 1619 3 1080 4824 t
( the operation)2 551(group, and other permissions are consulted, and if any of them grant the requested permission,)14 3769 2 1080 4944 t
( owner, but is a member of the file's group, the group and other per\255)14 2722( someone who is not the)5 974( For)1 190(is allowed.)1 434 4 1080 5064 t
( set of permissions says)4 988( Each)1 259( everyone else, the other permissions are used.)7 1924( For)1 199(missions are consulted.)2 950 5 1080 5184 t
( A)1 131( is allowed.)2 476(whether reading is allowed, whether writing is allowed, and whether executing)10 3249 3 1080 5304 t
10 CW f
(walk)4970 5304 w
10 R f
(in a)1 156 1 5244 5304 t
( are kept in the low\255order bits of)7 1296( Permissions)1 535( not reading it.)3 586(directory is regarded as executing the directory,)6 1903 4 1080 5424 t
(the file)1 282 1 1080 5544 t
10 I f
(mode)1389 5544 w
10 R f
( as 1 in bits 8, 7, and 6 respectively \(using 0)11 1768(: owner read/write/execute permission represented)4 2019 2 1613 5544 t
( the other permissions are in)5 1169( group permissions are in bits 5, 4, and 3, and)10 1888( The)1 212(to number the low order\).)4 1051 4 1080 5664 t
(bits 2, 1, and 0.)4 614 1 1080 5784 t
(The file)1 313 1 1080 5952 t
10 I f
(mode)1418 5952 w
10 R f
( 31 is set, the file is a direc\255)8 1109( bit)1 131( If)1 116(contains some additional attributes besides the permissions.)6 2385 4 1659 5952 t
( 30 is set, the file is append\255only \(offset is ignored in writes\); if bit 29 is set, the file is exclusive\255)21 3908(tory; if bit)2 412 2 1080 6072 t
(use \(only one client may have it open at a time\).)10 1922 1 1080 6192 t
( 352)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 5 \))3 140( ATTACH)1 3995(ATTACH \( 5 \))3 545 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(attach, session, nop)2 777 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1882 1080 w
10 R f
(messages to initiate activity)3 1108 1 1972 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(Tnop)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(tag)1645 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1781 1368 w
10 CW f
(Rnop)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(tag)1645 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1781 1488 w
10 CW f
(Tsession)1080 1656 w
10 I f
(tag)1645 1656 w
10 R f
([2])1781 1656 w
10 CW f
(Rsession)1080 1776 w
10 I f
(tag)1645 1776 w
10 R f
([2])1781 1776 w
10 CW f
(Tattach)1080 1944 w
10 I f
(tag)1645 1944 w
10 R f
([2])1781 1944 w
10 I f
(fid)1922 1944 w
10 R f
([2])2036 1944 w
10 I f
(uid)2177 1944 w
10 R f
([28])2313 1944 w
10 I f
(aname)2504 1944 w
10 R f
([28])2778 1944 w
10 I f
(auth)2969 1944 w
10 R f
([28])3155 1944 w
10 CW f
(Rattach)1080 2064 w
10 I f
(tag)1645 2064 w
10 R f
([2])1781 2064 w
10 I f
(fid)1922 2064 w
10 R f
([2])2036 2064 w
10 I f
(qid)2177 2064 w
10 R f
([8])2313 2064 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2232 t
10 R f
(The)1080 2352 w
10 CW f
(nop)1262 2352 w
10 R f
( channel between two service hosts)5 1420(request does nothing overt but may be used to synchronize the)10 2511 2 1469 2352 t
(initially.)1080 2472 w
(The)1080 2640 w
10 CW f
(session)1263 2640 w
10 R f
( outstanding I/O)2 658( All)1 182( used to initialize a connection between a client and a server.)11 2466(request is)1 383 4 1711 2640 t
( set of messages between)4 1039( The)1 215(on the connection is aborted.)4 1191 3 1080 2760 t
10 CW f
(session)3559 2760 w
10 R f
(requests is called a)3 778 1 4013 2760 t
10 I f
(session)4825 2760 w
10 R f
(. Tags)1 278 1 5122 2760 t
(and fids must be unique per session.)6 1446 1 1080 2880 t
(The)1080 3048 w
10 I f
(tag)1260 3048 w
10 R f
(should be)1 386 1 1413 3048 t
10 CW f
(NOTAG)1824 3048 w
10 R f
(\(value)2149 3048 w
10 CW f
(0xFFFF)2423 3048 w
10 R f
(\) for a)2 243 1 2783 3048 t
10 CW f
(nop)3051 3048 w
10 R f
(or)3256 3048 w
10 CW f
(session)3364 3048 w
10 R f
(message.)3809 3048 w
(The)1080 3216 w
10 CW f
(attach)1270 3216 w
10 R f
( The)1 216(message serves as a fresh introduction from a user on the client machine to a server.)15 3518 2 1666 3216 t
(message identifies the user \()4 1163 1 1080 3336 t
10 I f
(uid)2251 3336 w
10 R f
(\) and may select the file tree to access \()9 1633 1 2387 3336 t
10 I f
(aname)4028 3336 w
10 R f
(\). The)1 270 1 4302 3336 t
10 I f
(auth)4604 3336 w
10 R f
(argument con\255)1 586 1 4814 3336 t
(tains authorization data derived from the)5 1622 1 1080 3456 t
10 I f
(chal)2727 3456 w
10 R f
(field of an)2 410 1 2924 3456 t
10 CW f
(auth)3359 3456 w
10 R f
(message; see)1 518 1 3624 3456 t
10 I f
(auth)4167 3456 w
10 R f
(\(5\) and)1 285 1 4353 3456 t
10 I f
(auth)4663 3456 w
10 R f
(\(6\).)4849 3456 w
( result of the)3 511(As a)1 182 2 1080 3624 t
10 CW f
(attach)1801 3624 w
10 R f
(transaction, the client will have a connection to the root directory of the desired)13 3211 1 2189 3624 t
(file tree, represented by)3 947 1 1080 3744 t
10 I f
(fid)2054 3744 w
10 R f
( error is returned if)4 761(. An)1 199 2 2168 3744 t
10 I f
(fid)3154 3744 w
10 R f
( server's idea of the root of the)7 1234( The)1 206(is already in use.)3 674 3 3286 3744 t
(file tree is represented by the returned)6 1512 1 1080 3864 t
10 CW f
(qid)2617 3864 w
10 R f
(.)2797 3864 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( TS)1 52( NT)1 57( IN)1 67( OI)1 32( PO)1 67( P)1 90( Y)1 2( RY)1 67( TR)1 62( NT)1 57(E EN)1 122 12 720 4032 t
10 R f
(An)1080 4152 w
10 CW f
(attach)1232 4152 w
10 R f
( kernel devices \(see)3 801(transaction will be generated for)4 1311 2 1622 4152 t
10 I f
(intro)3765 4152 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\) when a system call evaluates a)6 1432 1 3968 4152 t
(file name beginning with)3 1074 1 1080 4272 t
10 CW f
(#)2203 4272 w
10 R f
(.)2263 4272 w
10 I f
(Pipe)2362 4272 w
10 R f
( device)1 308(\(2\) generates an attach on the kernel)6 1589 2 2553 4272 t
10 I f
(pipe)4498 4272 w
10 R f
(\(3\).)4678 4272 w
10 CW f
(Mount)4892 4272 w
10 R f
(\(see)5240 4272 w
10 I f
(bind)1080 4392 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) generates)1 567 1 1266 4392 t
10 CW f
(auth)1875 4392 w
10 R f
(and)2157 4392 w
10 CW f
(attach)2343 4392 w
10 R f
( the kernel boots, an)4 879( When)1 306(messages to the remote file server.)5 1470 3 2745 4392 t
10 I f
(attach)1080 4512 w
10 R f
( device,)1 311(is made to the root)4 752 2 1357 4512 t
10 I f
(root)2446 4512 w
10 R f
(\(3\), and then an)3 629 1 2621 4512 t
10 CW f
(auth)3276 4512 w
10 R f
(and an)1 264 1 3542 4512 t
10 CW f
(attach)3832 4512 w
10 R f
(are made to the requested file)5 1182 1 4218 4512 t
(server machine.)1 631 1 1080 4632 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4800 t
10 I f
(auth)1080 4920 w
10 R f
(\(5\),)1266 4920 w
10 I f
(auth)1432 4920 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1618 4920 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 353)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 5 \))3 140( AUTH)1 4123(AUTH \( 5 \))3 417 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(auth)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1277 1080 w
10 R f
(file system authentication)2 1027 1 1367 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(Tauth)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(tag)1465 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1601 1368 w
10 I f
(fid)1742 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1856 1368 w
10 I f
(uid)1997 1368 w
10 R f
([28])2133 1368 w
10 I f
(chal)2324 1368 w
10 R f
([36])2504 1368 w
10 CW f
(Rauth)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(tag)1465 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1601 1488 w
10 I f
(fid)1742 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1856 1488 w
10 I f
(chal)1997 1488 w
10 R f
([30])2177 1488 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 R f
(The)1080 1776 w
10 CW f
(auth)1264 1776 w
10 R f
( is issued before an)4 785( It)1 116( to authorize a connection.)4 1076(message is used)2 646 4 1533 1776 t
10 CW f
(attach)4186 1776 w
10 R f
(.)4546 1776 w
10 I f
(Fid)4626 1776 w
10 R f
(and)4795 1776 w
10 I f
(uid)4969 1776 w
10 R f
(are the)1 273 1 5127 1776 t
(same as for)2 454 1 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(attach)1559 1896 w
10 R f
(.)1919 1896 w
(The)1080 2064 w
10 I f
(chal)1260 2064 w
10 R f
( a)1 70(field of)1 291 2 1457 2064 t
10 CW f
(Tauth)1844 2064 w
10 R f
(message contains a 36\255byte string encrypted with the client's authentication key.)10 3230 1 2170 2064 t
( and the server's name)4 933(The \(decrypted\) string contains a byte with value 1, a seven byte client challenge,)13 3387 2 1080 2184 t
(NUL\255padded to 28 \()3 812 1 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(NAMELEN)1892 2304 w
10 R f
(\) bytes.)1 294 1 2312 2304 t
(The)1080 2472 w
10 I f
(chal)1268 2472 w
10 R f
(field of the)2 456 1 1474 2472 t
10 CW f
(Rauth)1964 2472 w
10 R f
( decrypted string)2 689( The)1 214(reply message is also encrypted with the client's key.)8 2199 3 2298 2472 t
( byte with value 4, the client's challenge, a seven byte)10 2247(contains a)1 412 2 1080 2592 t
10 I f
(ticket key,)1 407 1 3773 2592 t
10 R f
(and a fifteen byte)3 722 1 4214 2592 t
10 I f
(ticket.)4970 2592 w
10 R f
(The)5245 2592 w
(ticket is placed in the)4 849 1 1080 2712 t
10 I f
(auth)1954 2712 w
10 R f
(field of a subsequent)3 829 1 2157 2712 t
10 CW f
(attach)3011 2712 w
10 R f
(message to validate a connection.)4 1339 1 3396 2712 t
( encrypt subsequent communication with the)5 1815( may one day be used to)6 989( It)1 115(The ticket key is currently unused.)5 1401 4 1080 2880 t
(server.)1080 3000 w
(These messages are also documented in the section of)8 2151 1 1080 3168 t
10 I f
(auth)3256 3168 w
10 R f
(\(6\) describing the)2 704 1 3442 3168 t
10 I f
(fsauth)4171 3168 w
10 R f
(protocol.)4441 3168 w
(If a server does not perform authentication, it should return an)10 2481 1 1080 3336 t
10 CW f
(Rerror)3586 3336 w
10 R f
(when it receives an)3 767 1 3971 3336 t
10 CW f
(auth)4763 3336 w
10 R f
(.)5003 3336 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( TS)1 52( NT)1 57( IN)1 67( OI)1 32( PO)1 67( P)1 90( Y)1 2( RY)1 67( TR)1 62( NT)1 57(E EN)1 122 12 720 3504 t
10 I f
(Mount)1080 3624 w
10 R f
(\(see)1376 3624 w
10 I f
(bind)1571 3624 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) generates an)2 689 1 1757 3624 t
10 CW f
(auth)2481 3624 w
10 R f
( the kernel boots, an)4 851( When)1 299( remote file server.)3 786(transaction to the)2 708 4 2756 3624 t
10 CW f
(auth)1080 3744 w
10 R f
(is made to the requested file server machine.)7 1779 1 1345 3744 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3912 t
10 I f
(auth)1080 4032 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1266 4032 w
( 354)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 5 \))3 140( CLONE)1 4067(CLONE \( 5 \))3 473 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(clone)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1321 1080 w
10 R f
(duplicate a fid)2 571 1 1411 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(Tclone)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(tag)1525 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1661 1368 w
10 I f
(fid)1802 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1916 1368 w
10 I f
(newfid)2057 1368 w
10 R f
([2])2332 1368 w
10 CW f
(Rclone)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(tag)1525 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1661 1488 w
10 I f
(fid)1802 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1916 1488 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 R f
(The)1080 1776 w
10 CW f
(clone)1264 1776 w
10 R f
( as arguments an existing)4 1030(request carries)1 582 2 1593 1776 t
10 I f
(fid)3235 1776 w
10 R f
(and a proposed)2 614 1 3371 1776 t
10 I f
(newfid)4015 1776 w
10 R f
(\(which must not be in use\))5 1088 1 4312 1776 t
(that the client wishes to associate with the same file as)10 2195 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(fid)3302 1896 w
10 R f
(. The)1 232 1 3416 1896 t
10 I f
(fid)3675 1896 w
10 R f
( and)1 170(must be valid in the current session)6 1422 2 3808 1896 t
(must not have been opened for I/O by an)8 1630 1 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(open)2735 2016 w
10 R f
(or)3000 2016 w
10 CW f
(create)3108 2016 w
10 R f
( a successful)2 506(message. After)1 624 2 3494 2016 t
10 CW f
(clone)4650 2016 w
10 R f
(and before)1 424 1 4976 2016 t
(any subsequent messages,)2 1040 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(fid)2145 2136 w
10 R f
(and)2276 2136 w
10 I f
(newfid)2445 2136 w
10 R f
(are indistinguishable.)1 855 1 2737 2136 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( TS)1 52( NT)1 57( IN)1 67( OI)1 32( PO)1 67( P)1 90( Y)1 2( RY)1 67( TR)1 62( NT)1 57(E EN)1 122 12 720 2304 t
10 R f
(A)1080 2424 w
10 CW f
(clone)1187 2424 w
10 R f
( evaluates a path name and by a)7 1343(message is generated by any system call that)7 1853 2 1522 2424 t
10 I f
(read)4754 2424 w
10 R f
(of a union)2 427 1 4973 2424 t
(directory.)1080 2544 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 355)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 5 \))3 140( CLUNK)1 4056(CLUNK \( 5 \))3 484 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(clunk)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1327 1080 w
10 R f
(forget about a fid)3 690 1 1417 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(Tclunk)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(tag)1525 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1661 1368 w
10 I f
(fid)1802 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1916 1368 w
10 CW f
(Rclunk)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(tag)1525 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1661 1488 w
10 I f
(fid)1802 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1916 1488 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 R f
(The)1080 1776 w
10 CW f
(clunk)1260 1776 w
10 R f
( file server that the current file represented by)8 1830(request informs the)2 771 2 1585 1776 t
10 I f
(fid)4212 1776 w
10 R f
(is no longer needed by the)5 1056 1 4344 1776 t
( actual file is not removed on the server.)8 1605(client. The)1 452 2 1080 1896 t
(Once a fid has been clunked, the same fid can be reused in a new)14 2595 1 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(clone)3700 2064 w
10 R f
(request.)4025 2064 w
(Even if the)2 438 1 1080 2232 t
10 CW f
(clunk)1543 2232 w
10 R f
(returns an error, the)3 786 1 1868 2232 t
10 I f
(fid)2679 2232 w
10 R f
(is no longer valid.)3 722 1 2810 2232 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( TS)1 52( NT)1 57( IN)1 67( OI)1 32( PO)1 67( P)1 90( Y)1 2( RY)1 67( TR)1 62( NT)1 57(E EN)1 122 12 720 2400 t
10 R f
(A)1080 2520 w
10 CW f
(clunk)1177 2520 w
10 R f
(message is generated by)3 967 1 1502 2520 t
10 I f
(close)2494 2520 w
10 R f
(and indirectly by other actions such as failed)7 1783 1 2724 2520 t
10 I f
(open)4532 2520 w
10 R f
(calls.)4751 2520 w
( 356)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 5 \))3 140( CLWALK)1 3973(CLWALK \( 5 \))3 567 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(clwalk)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1371 1080 w
10 R f
(clone, then search a directory, and change to a file within it)11 2364 1 1461 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(Tclwalk)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(tag)1585 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1721 1368 w
10 I f
(fid)1862 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1976 1368 w
10 I f
(newfid)2117 1368 w
10 R f
([2])2392 1368 w
10 I f
(name)2533 1368 w
10 R f
([28])2757 1368 w
10 CW f
(Rclwalk)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(tag)1585 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1721 1488 w
10 I f
(fid)1862 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1976 1488 w
10 I f
(qid)2117 1488 w
10 R f
([8])2253 1488 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 R f
(The)1080 1776 w
10 CW f
(clwalk)1262 1776 w
10 R f
( of a)2 183(request is a combination)3 980 2 1649 1776 t
10 CW f
(clone)2840 1776 w
10 R f
(request \(see)1 476 1 3168 1776 t
10 I f
(clone)3672 1776 w
10 R f
(\(5\)\) followed by a)3 732 1 3896 1776 t
10 CW f
(walk)4656 1776 w
10 R f
(request \(see)1 476 1 4924 1776 t
10 I f
(walk)1080 1896 w
10 R f
(\(5\)\) on the new)3 612 1 1277 1896 t
10 I f
(fid)1914 1896 w
10 R f
( the walk fails, there is an implicit)7 1360(. If)1 141 2 2028 1896 t
10 CW f
(clunk)3554 1896 w
10 R f
(of)3879 1896 w
10 CW f
(newfid)3987 1896 w
10 R f
(.)4347 1896 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( TS)1 52( NT)1 57( IN)1 67( OI)1 32( PO)1 67( P)1 90( Y)1 2( RY)1 67( TR)1 62( NT)1 57(E EN)1 122 12 720 2064 t
10 R f
(The)1080 2184 w
10 CW f
(clwalk)1263 2184 w
10 R f
( The)1 209( not generated by the kernel.)5 1156(message is an optimization for use on low\255speed lines; it is)10 2384 3 1651 2184 t
10 I f
(cfs)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(\(4\) cached file system generates it as a side\255effect of any system call that interprets a file name.)17 3801 1 1199 2304 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 357)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 5 \))3 140( ERROR)1 4066(ERROR \( 5 \))3 474 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(error)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1298 1080 w
10 R f
(return an error)2 575 1 1388 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(Rerror)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(tag)1465 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1601 1368 w
10 I f
(ename)1742 1368 w
10 R f
([28])2010 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
(The)1080 1656 w
10 CW f
(Rerror)1260 1656 w
10 R f
(request \(there is no)3 765 1 1645 1656 t
10 CW f
(Terror)2436 1656 w
10 R f
(\) is used to return an error string describing the failure of a trans\255)13 2604 1 2796 1656 t
( a successful call; its tag is that)7 1270( replaces the corresponding reply message that would accompany)8 2664(action. It)1 386 3 1080 1776 t
(of the request.)2 568 1 1080 1896 t
( 358)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 5 \))3 140( FLUSH)1 4083(FLUSH \( 5 \))3 457 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(flush)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1305 1080 w
10 R f
(abort a message)2 637 1 1395 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(Tflush)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(tag)1525 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1661 1368 w
10 I f
(oldtag)1802 1368 w
10 R f
([2])2066 1368 w
10 CW f
(Rflush)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(tag)1525 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1661 1488 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 R f
( process doing a)3 697(When the response to a request is no longer needed, such as when a user interrupts a)16 3623 2 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(read)1080 1896 w
10 R f
(\(2\), a)1 213 1 1271 1896 t
10 CW f
(Tflush)1512 1896 w
10 R f
( message being flushed)3 935( The)1 207( purge the pending response.)4 1153(request is sent to the server to)6 1205 4 1900 1896 t
(is identified by)2 600 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(oldtag.)1705 2016 w
10 R f
(The semantics of)2 682 1 2011 2016 t
10 CW f
(flush)2718 2016 w
10 R f
(depends on messages arriving in order.)5 1558 1 3043 2016 t
(The server must answer the)4 1125 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(flush)2237 2184 w
10 R f
( it recognizes)2 548( If)1 124(message immediately.)1 896 3 2569 2184 t
10 I f
(oldtag)4170 2184 w
10 R f
(as the tag of a pending)5 941 1 4459 2184 t
( case, it should respond with)5 1138( either)1 253( In)1 134(transaction, it should abort any pending response and discard that tag.)10 2795 4 1080 2304 t
(an)1080 2424 w
10 CW f
(Rflush)1204 2424 w
10 R f
(echoing the tag \(not)3 811 1 1594 2424 t
10 I f
(oldtag)2436 2424 w
10 R f
(\) of the)2 300 1 2700 2424 t
10 CW f
(Tflush)3031 2424 w
10 R f
(message. A)1 491 1 3422 2424 t
10 CW f
(Tflush)3944 2424 w
10 R f
(can never be responded to)4 1065 1 4335 2424 t
(by an)1 219 1 1080 2544 t
10 CW f
(Rerror)1324 2544 w
10 R f
(message.)1709 2544 w
(When the client sends the)4 1038 1 1080 2712 t
10 CW f
(Tflush)2146 2712 w
10 R f
(, it should disregard all messages received with tag)8 2057 1 2506 2712 t
10 I f
(oldtag)4591 2712 w
10 R f
(until the cor\255)2 524 1 4876 2712 t
(responding)1080 2832 w
10 CW f
(Rflush)1549 2832 w
10 R f
(is received, at which point)4 1051 1 1934 2832 t
10 I f
(oldtag)3010 2832 w
10 R f
(may be recycled for subsequent messages.)5 1690 1 3291 2832 t
( by the above specification: sending multiple flushes)7 2178(Several exceptional conditions are handled correctly)5 2142 2 1080 3000 t
(for a single tag, flushing a)5 1043 1 1080 3120 t
10 CW f
(Tflush)2148 3120 w
10 R f
(, and flushing an invalid tag.)5 1141 1 2508 3120 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 359)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 5 \))3 140( OPEN)1 4139(OPEN \( 5 \))3 401 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(open, create)1 481 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1586 1080 w
10 R f
(prepare a fid for I/O on an existing or new file)10 1845 1 1676 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(Topen)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(tag)1585 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1721 1368 w
10 I f
(fid)1862 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1976 1368 w
10 I f
(mode)2117 1368 w
10 R f
([1])2341 1368 w
10 CW f
(Ropen)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(tag)1585 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1721 1488 w
10 I f
(fid)1862 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1976 1488 w
10 I f
(qid)2117 1488 w
10 R f
([8])2253 1488 w
10 CW f
(Tcreate)1080 1656 w
10 I f
(tag)1585 1656 w
10 R f
([2])1721 1656 w
10 I f
(fid)1862 1656 w
10 R f
([2])1976 1656 w
10 I f
(name)2117 1656 w
10 R f
([28])2341 1656 w
10 I f
(perm)2532 1656 w
10 R f
([4])2745 1656 w
10 I f
(mode)2886 1656 w
10 R f
([1])3110 1656 w
10 CW f
(Rcreate)1080 1776 w
10 I f
(tag)1585 1776 w
10 R f
([2])1721 1776 w
10 I f
(fid)1862 1776 w
10 R f
([2])1976 1776 w
10 I f
(qid)2117 1776 w
10 R f
([8])2253 1776 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1944 t
10 R f
(The)1080 2064 w
10 CW f
(open)1261 2064 w
10 R f
( with subsequent)2 676(request asks the file server to check permissions and prepare a fid for I/O)13 2930 2 1527 2064 t
10 CW f
(read)5160 2064 w
10 R f
(and)1080 2184 w
10 CW f
(write)1257 2184 w
10 R f
(messages. The)1 614 1 1590 2184 t
10 I f
(mode)2236 2184 w
10 R f
(field determines the type of I/O: 0, 1, 2, and 3 mean)11 2146 1 2484 2184 t
10 I f
(read access, write)2 738 1 4662 2184 t
(access, read and write access,)4 1249 1 1080 2304 t
10 R f
(and)2364 2304 w
10 I f
(execute access,)1 618 1 2543 2304 t
10 R f
( In)1 144( for the file.)3 504(to be checked against the permissions)5 1556 3 3196 2304 t
(addition, if)1 446 1 1080 2424 t
10 I f
(mode)1558 2424 w
10 R f
(has the)1 287 1 1806 2424 t
10 CW f
(OTRUNC)2124 2424 w
10 R f
(\()2515 2424 w
10 CW f
(0x10)2548 2424 w
10 R f
(\) bit set, the file is to be truncated, which requires write permis\255)12 2612 1 2788 2424 t
(sion; if the)2 430 1 1080 2544 t
10 I f
(mode)1536 2544 w
10 R f
(has the)1 281 1 1778 2544 t
10 CW f
(ORCLOSE)2085 2544 w
10 R f
(\()2531 2544 w
10 CW f
(0x40)2564 2544 w
10 R f
( set, the file is to be removed when the fid is clunked, which)13 2431(\) bit)1 165 2 2804 2544 t
( other bits are set in)5 800( If)1 119( the file from its directory.)5 1069(requires permission to remove)3 1224 4 1080 2664 t
10 I f
(mode)4320 2664 w
10 R f
(they will be ignored.)3 836 1 4564 2664 t
( the file is marked for exclu\255)6 1154( If)1 119( remove it on close.)4 797(It is illegal to write a directory, truncate it, or attempt to)11 2250 4 1080 2784 t
(sive use \(see)2 512 1 1080 2904 t
10 I f
(stat)1621 2904 w
10 R f
( is, after such a file has been)7 1158( That)1 237(\(5\)\), only one client can have the file open at any time.)11 2231 3 1774 2904 t
( succeed until)2 571(opened, no other open will)4 1108 2 1080 3024 t
10 I f
(fid)2795 3024 w
10 R f
( these permissions are checked at the)6 1540( All)1 189(has been clunked.)2 734 3 2937 3024 t
( the)1 154(time of)1 294 2 1080 3144 t
10 CW f
(open)1560 3144 w
10 R f
(request; subsequent changes to the permissions of files do not affect the ability to read,)14 3568 1 1832 3144 t
(write, or remove an open file.)5 1183 1 1080 3264 t
(The)1080 3432 w
10 CW f
(create)1263 3432 w
10 R f
(request asks the file server to create a new file with the)11 2235 1 1652 3432 t
10 I f
(name)3916 3432 w
10 R f
(supplied, in the directory \()4 1073 1 4161 3432 t
10 I f
(dir)5242 3432 w
10 R f
(\))5367 3432 w
(represented by)1 587 1 1080 3552 t
10 I f
(fid)1695 3552 w
10 R f
( is the implied user)4 769( owner of the file)4 699( The)1 208(, and requires write permission in the directory.)7 1915 4 1809 3552 t
(id of the request, the group of the file is the same as)12 2066 1 1080 3672 t
10 I f
(dir)3171 3672 w
10 R f
(, and the permissions are the value of)7 1486 1 3296 3672 t
10 CW f
(\(perm&\(~0777|0111\)\) | \(dir.perm&perm&0666\))2 2520 1 1830 3792 t
10 R f
(if a regular file is being created and)7 1415 1 1080 3912 t
10 CW f
(\(perm&~0777\) | \(dir.perm&perm&0777\))2 2100 1 2040 4032 t
10 R f
( means, for example, that if the)6 1254( This)1 230(if a directory is being created.)5 1201 3 1080 4152 t
10 I f
(create)3793 4152 w
10 R f
(allows read permission to others,)4 1330 1 4070 4152 t
(but the containing directory does not, then the created file will not allow others to read the file.)17 3786 1 1080 4272 t
(Finally, the newly created file is opened according to)8 2185 1 1080 4440 t
10 I f
(mode)3298 4440 w
10 R f
(, and)1 202 1 3522 4440 t
10 I f
(fid)3757 4440 w
10 R f
(will represent the newly opened file.)5 1503 1 3897 4440 t
10 I f
(Mode)1080 4560 w
10 R f
(is not checked against the permissions in)6 1644 1 1334 4560 t
10 I f
(perm.)3005 4560 w
10 R f
(The)3261 4560 w
10 I f
(qid)3442 4560 w
10 R f
(for the new file is returned with the)7 1418 1 3596 4560 t
10 CW f
(create)5040 4560 w
10 R f
(response.)1080 4680 w
(Directories are created by setting the)5 1465 1 1080 4848 t
10 CW f
(CHDIR)2570 4848 w
10 R f
(bit \()1 164 1 2895 4848 t
10 CW f
(0x80000000)3059 4848 w
10 R f
(\) in the)2 283 1 3659 4848 t
10 I f
(mode)3967 4848 w
10 R f
(.)4191 4848 w
(The names)1 435 1 1080 5016 t
10 CW f
(.)1540 5016 w
10 R f
(and)1625 5016 w
10 CW f
(..)1794 5016 w
10 R f
(are special; it is illegal to create files with these names.)10 2199 1 1939 5016 t
( the product of a successful)5 1109(It is an error for either of these messages if the fid is already)13 2441 2 1080 5184 t
10 CW f
(open)4659 5184 w
10 R f
(or)4928 5184 w
10 CW f
(create)5040 5184 w
10 R f
(message.)1080 5304 w
(An attempt to)2 568 1 1080 5472 t
10 CW f
(create)1682 5472 w
10 R f
(a file in a directory where the given)7 1491 1 2076 5472 t
10 I f
(name)3602 5472 w
10 R f
(already exists will be rejected; in this)6 1547 1 3853 5472 t
(case,)1080 5592 w
10 I f
(create)1311 5592 w
10 R f
(\(see)1595 5592 w
10 I f
(open)1790 5592 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) uses)1 356 1 1992 5592 t
10 CW f
(open)2383 5592 w
10 R f
( algorithm used by)3 777( The)1 215(with truncation.)1 643 3 2658 5592 t
10 I f
(create)4328 5592 w
10 R f
( to the)2 268(is: first walk)2 520 2 4612 5592 t
( Next)1 245( that fails, return an error.)5 1027( If)1 117(directory to contain the file.)4 1116 4 1080 5712 t
10 CW f
(walk)3611 5712 w
10 R f
( the)1 149( If)1 118(to the specified file.)3 796 3 3877 5712 t
10 CW f
(walk)4967 5712 w
10 R f
(suc\255)5234 5712 w
(ceeds, send a request to)4 983 1 1080 5832 t
10 CW f
(open)2099 5832 w
10 R f
( the)1 157( If)1 126(and truncate the file and return the result, successful or not.)10 2467 3 2375 5832 t
10 CW f
(walk)5160 5832 w
10 R f
( after the)2 358( that fails, it may be because the file was created by another process)13 2717( If)1 117(fails, send a create message.)4 1128 4 1080 5952 t
( the)1 149(previous walk failed, so \(once\) try)5 1384 2 1080 6072 t
10 CW f
(walk)2640 6072 w
10 R f
(and)2907 6072 w
10 CW f
(open)3078 6072 w
10 R f
( the behavior of)3 635(again. For)1 432 2 3345 6072 t
10 I f
(create)4439 6072 w
10 R f
(on a union direc\255)3 685 1 4715 6072 t
(tory, see)1 338 1 1080 6192 t
10 I f
(bind)1443 6192 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)1629 6192 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( TS)1 52( NT)1 57( IN)1 67( OI)1 32( PO)1 67( P)1 90( Y)1 2( RY)1 67( TR)1 62( NT)1 57(E EN)1 122 12 720 6360 t
10 I f
(Open)1080 6480 w
10 R f
(and)1321 6480 w
10 I f
(create)1490 6480 w
10 R f
(both generate)1 540 1 1764 6480 t
10 CW f
(open)2329 6480 w
10 R f
(messages; only)1 608 1 2594 6480 t
10 I f
(create)3227 6480 w
10 R f
(generates a)1 445 1 3501 6480 t
10 CW f
(create)3971 6480 w
10 R f
(message.)4356 6480 w
( 360)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 5 \))3 140( READ)1 4128(READ \( 5 \))3 412 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(read, write)1 426 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1531 1080 w
10 R f
(transfer data from and to a file)6 1213 1 1621 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(Tread)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(tag)1525 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1661 1368 w
10 I f
(fid)1802 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1916 1368 w
10 I f
(offset)2057 1368 w
10 R f
([8])2282 1368 w
10 I f
(count)2423 1368 w
10 R f
([2])2653 1368 w
10 CW f
(Rread)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(tag)1525 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1661 1488 w
10 I f
(fid)1802 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1916 1488 w
10 I f
(count)2057 1488 w
10 R f
([2])2287 1488 w
10 I f
(pad)2428 1488 w
10 R f
([1])2586 1488 w
10 I f
(data)2727 1488 w
10 R f
([)2913 1488 w
10 I f
(count)2954 1488 w
10 R f
(])3184 1488 w
10 CW f
(Twrite)1080 1656 w
10 I f
(tag)1525 1656 w
10 R f
([2])1661 1656 w
10 I f
(fid)1802 1656 w
10 R f
([2])1916 1656 w
10 I f
(offset)2057 1656 w
10 R f
([8])2282 1656 w
10 I f
(count)2423 1656 w
10 R f
([2])2653 1656 w
10 I f
(pad)2794 1656 w
10 R f
([1])2952 1656 w
10 I f
(data)3093 1656 w
10 R f
([)3279 1656 w
10 I f
(count)3320 1656 w
10 R f
(])3550 1656 w
10 CW f
(Rwrite)1080 1776 w
10 I f
(tag)1525 1776 w
10 R f
([2])1661 1776 w
10 I f
(fid)1802 1776 w
10 R f
([2])1916 1776 w
10 I f
(count)2057 1776 w
10 R f
([2])2287 1776 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1944 t
10 R f
(The)1080 2064 w
10 CW f
(read)1270 2064 w
10 R f
(request asks for)2 646 1 1545 2064 t
10 I f
(count)2226 2064 w
10 R f
(bytes of data from the file identified by)7 1637 1 2483 2064 t
10 I f
(fid,)4155 2064 w
10 R f
( opened for)2 476(which must be)2 603 2 4321 2064 t
(reading, starting)1 650 1 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(offset)1756 2184 w
10 R f
(bytes after the beginning of the file.)6 1434 1 1999 2184 t
10 I f
(Count)3484 2184 w
10 R f
( than or equal to)4 649(must be less)2 491 2 3755 2184 t
10 CW f
(MAXFDATA)4920 2184 w
10 R f
(\(8192, defined in)2 685 1 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(<fcall.h>)1790 2304 w
10 R f
( bytes are returned with the)5 1089(\). The)1 263 2 2330 2304 t
10 CW f
(read)3707 2304 w
10 R f
(reply message.)1 593 1 3972 2304 t
(The)1080 2472 w
10 I f
(count)1283 2472 w
10 R f
( the)1 171( may be less than)4 780( This)1 251(field in the reply indicates the number of characters returned.)9 2645 4 1553 2472 t
( the)1 149( If)1 118(requested amount.)1 734 3 1080 2592 t
10 I f
(offset)2108 2592 w
10 R f
( zero will)2 379(field is greater than the number of characters in the file, a count of)13 2669 2 2352 2592 t
( directories,)1 476( For)1 194(be returned.)1 481 3 1080 2712 t
10 CW f
(read)2261 2712 w
10 R f
(returns an integral number of directory entries exactly as in)9 2409 1 2531 2712 t
10 CW f
(stat)4970 2712 w
10 R f
(\(see)5240 2712 w
10 I f
(stat)1080 2832 w
10 R f
( read request message must have)5 1325( The)1 209( directory.)1 414(\(5\)\), one for each member of the)6 1328 4 1233 2832 t
10 CW f
(offset)4538 2832 w
10 R f
(and)4927 2832 w
10 CW f
(count)5100 2832 w
10 R f
(zero modulo)1 502 1 1080 2952 t
10 CW f
(DIRLEN)1607 2952 w
10 R f
(.)1967 2952 w
(The)1080 3120 w
10 CW f
(write)1269 3120 w
10 R f
(request asks that)2 678 1 1603 3120 t
10 I f
(count)2315 3120 w
10 R f
( by)1 135(bytes of data be recorded in the file identified)8 1890 2 2571 3120 t
10 I f
(fid,)4631 3120 w
10 R f
(which must be)2 603 1 4797 3120 t
(opened for writing, starting)3 1135 1 1080 3240 t
10 I f
(offset)2254 3240 w
10 R f
( has been opened)3 723( the file)2 333( If)1 130(characters after the beginning of the file.)6 1704 4 2510 3240 t
(append only, the data will be placed at the end of the file regardless of)14 2844 1 1080 3360 t
10 I f
(offset)3952 3360 w
10 R f
( be writ\255)2 346( may not)2 356(. Directories)1 521 3 4177 3360 t
(ten.)1080 3480 w
(The)1080 3648 w
10 CW f
(write)1265 3648 w
10 R f
( usually an error if this is not the)8 1347( is)1 97( It)1 116(reply records the number of characters actually written.)7 2245 4 1595 3648 t
(same as requested.)2 745 1 1080 3768 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( TS)1 52( NT)1 57( IN)1 67( OI)1 32( PO)1 67( P)1 90( Y)1 2( RY)1 67( TR)1 62( NT)1 57(E EN)1 122 12 720 3936 t
10 CW f
(Read)1080 4056 w
10 R f
(and)1355 4056 w
10 CW f
(write)1534 4056 w
10 R f
( the)1 158( of)1 118( Because)1 392(messages are generated by the corresponding calls.)6 2096 4 1869 4056 t
10 CW f
(MAXFDATA)4669 4056 w
10 R f
(limit,)5185 4056 w
(more than one message may be produced by a single call.)10 2298 1 1080 4176 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 361)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 5 \))3 140( REMOVE)1 3978(REMOVE \( 5 \))3 562 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(remove)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1404 1080 w
10 R f
(remove a file from a server)5 1082 1 1494 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(Tremove)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(tag)1585 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1721 1368 w
10 I f
(fid)1862 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1976 1368 w
10 CW f
(Rremove)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(tag)1585 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1721 1488 w
10 I f
(fid)1862 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1976 1488 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 R f
(The)1080 1776 w
10 CW f
(remove)1266 1776 w
10 R f
( represented by)2 623(request asks the file server both to remove the file)9 2047 2 1657 1776 t
10 I f
(fid)4359 1776 w
10 R f
(and to)1 254 1 4497 1776 t
10 CW f
(clunk)4783 1776 w
10 R f
(the)5115 1776 w
10 I f
(fid,)5269 1776 w
10 R f
( does not have write permission in the parent)8 1872( request will fail if the client)6 1198( This)1 239(even if the remove fails.)4 1011 4 1080 1896 t
(directory.)1080 2016 w
(It is correct to consider)4 960 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(remove)2075 2184 w
10 R f
( a)1 80(to be)1 207 2 2470 2184 t
10 CW f
(clunk)2793 2184 w
10 R f
(with the side effect of removing the file if permissions)9 2271 1 3129 2184 t
(allow.)1080 2304 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( TS)1 52( NT)1 57( IN)1 67( OI)1 32( PO)1 67( P)1 90( Y)1 2( RY)1 67( TR)1 62( NT)1 57(E EN)1 122 12 720 2472 t
10 CW f
(Remove)1080 2592 w
10 R f
(messages are generated by)3 1060 1 1465 2592 t
10 I f
(remove.)2550 2592 w
10 R f
( 362)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 5 \))3 140( STAT)1 4150(STAT \( 5 \))3 390 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(stat, wstat)1 400 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1505 1080 w
10 R f
(inquire or change file attributes)4 1253 1 1595 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(Tstat)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(tag)1525 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1661 1368 w
10 I f
(fid)1802 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1916 1368 w
10 CW f
(Rstat)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(tag)1525 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1661 1488 w
10 I f
(fid)1802 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1916 1488 w
10 I f
(stat)2057 1488 w
10 R f
([116])2210 1488 w
10 CW f
(Twstat)1080 1656 w
10 I f
(tag)1525 1656 w
10 R f
([2])1661 1656 w
10 I f
(fid)1802 1656 w
10 R f
([2])1916 1656 w
10 I f
(stat)2057 1656 w
10 R f
([116])2210 1656 w
10 CW f
(Rwstat)1080 1776 w
10 I f
(tag)1525 1776 w
10 R f
([2])1661 1776 w
10 I f
(fid)1802 1776 w
10 R f
([2])1916 1776 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1944 t
10 R f
(The)1080 2064 w
10 CW f
(stat)1262 2064 w
10 R f
(transaction inquires about the file identified by)6 1882 1 1529 2064 t
10 I f
(fid)3438 2064 w
10 R f
( reply will contain a 116\255byte \()6 1255(. The)1 233 2 3552 2064 t
10 CW f
(DIRLEN)5040 2064 w
10 R f
(in)1080 2184 w
10 CW f
(<libc.h>)1183 2184 w
10 R f
(\) machine\255independent)1 917 1 1663 2184 t
10 I f
(directory entry)1 596 1 2605 2184 t
10 R f
(laid out as follows:)3 764 1 3226 2184 t
10 I f
(name)1080 2352 w
10 R f
( name)1 241([28] file)1 659 2 1304 2352 t
10 I f
(uid)1080 2472 w
10 R f
( name)1 241([28] owner)1 863 2 1216 2472 t
10 I f
(gid)1080 2592 w
10 R f
( name)1 241([28] group)1 847 2 1216 2592 t
10 I f
(qid.path)1080 2712 w
10 R f
( file server's identification for the file)6 1502([4] the)1 533 2 1419 2712 t
10 I f
(qid.vers)1080 2832 w
10 R f
( number for given path)4 915([4] version)1 717 2 1407 2832 t
10 I f
(mode)1080 2952 w
10 R f
( and flags)2 388([4] permissions)1 1004 2 1304 2952 t
10 I f
(atime)1080 3072 w
10 R f
( access time)2 482([4] last)1 659 2 1310 3072 t
10 I f
(mtime)1080 3192 w
10 R f
( modification time)2 739([4] last)1 637 2 1332 3192 t
10 I f
(length)1080 3312 w
10 R f
( of file in bytes)4 605([8] length)1 742 2 1338 3312 t
10 I f
(type)1080 3432 w
10 R f
( kernel use)2 432([2] for)1 692 2 1254 3432 t
10 I f
(dev)1080 3552 w
10 R f
( kernel use)2 432([2] for)1 720 2 1226 3552 t
( The)1 206(Integers in this encoding are in little\255endian order \(least significant byte first\).)11 3106 2 1080 3720 t
10 I f
(convM2D)4418 3720 w
10 R f
(and)4837 3720 w
10 I f
(convD2M)5007 3720 w
10 R f
(routines \(see)1 507 1 1080 3840 t
10 I f
(fcall)1612 3840 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) convert between directory entries and C)6 1767 1 1798 3840 t
10 CW f
(structs)3590 3840 w
10 R f
(.)4010 3840 w
( dependent)1 438(This encoding may be turned into a machine)7 1792 2 1080 4008 t
10 I f
(Dir)3338 4008 w
10 R f
(structure \(see)1 537 1 3505 4008 t
10 I f
(stat)4070 4008 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) using routines defined in)4 1177 1 4223 4008 t
10 I f
(fcall)1080 4128 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)1266 4128 w
(The)1080 4296 w
10 I f
(mode)1264 4296 w
10 R f
(contains permission bits as described in)5 1605 1 1509 4296 t
10 I f
(intro)3143 4296 w
10 R f
(\(5\) and the following:)3 886 1 3346 4296 t
10 CW f
(0x80000000)4261 4296 w
10 R f
( a)1 74(\(this file is)2 436 2 4890 4296 t
(directory\),)1080 4416 w
10 CW f
(0x40000000)1549 4416 w
10 R f
(\(append only\),)1 608 1 2200 4416 t
10 CW f
(0x20000000)2859 4416 w
10 R f
( to append\255only files)3 899( Writes)1 341(\(exclusive use\).)1 651 3 3509 4416 t
( file; the)2 343(always place their data at the end of the)8 1611 2 1080 4536 t
10 I f
(offset)3064 4536 w
10 R f
(in the)1 230 1 3311 4536 t
10 CW f
(read)3571 4536 w
10 R f
(or)3841 4536 w
10 CW f
(write)3954 4536 w
10 R f
( Exclu\255)1 321(message is ignored.)2 795 2 4284 4536 t
( a second open)3 593( If)1 117( for I/O by only one fid at a time across all clients of the server.)15 2549(sive use files may be open)5 1061 4 1080 4656 t
( a timeout on the lock on an exclusive use file: if the)12 2104( may implement)2 650( Servers)1 349(is attempted, it draws an error.)5 1217 4 1080 4776 t
( for an extended period \(of order at least minutes\), it is reasonable)12 2654(fid holding the file open has been unused)7 1666 2 1080 4896 t
(to break the lock and deny the initial fid further I/O.)10 2077 1 1080 5016 t
( The)1 217( 1 00:00 1970 local time\).)5 1093(The two time fields are measured in seconds since the epoch \(Jan)11 2729 3 1080 5184 t
10 I f
(mtime)5156 5184 w
10 R f
( a plain file,)3 501( For)1 197( of the last change of content.)6 1226(field reflects the time)3 878 4 1080 5304 t
10 I f
(mtime)3915 5304 w
10 R f
(is the time of the most recent)6 1208 1 4192 5304 t
10 CW f
(create)1080 5424 w
10 R f
(,)1440 5424 w
10 CW f
(open)1506 5424 w
10 R f
(with truncation, or)2 773 1 1787 5424 t
10 CW f
(write)2601 5424 w
10 R f
( is the time of the most recent)7 1304(; for a directory it)4 768 2 2901 5424 t
10 CW f
(remove)5015 5424 w
10 R f
(,)5375 5424 w
10 CW f
(create)1080 5544 w
10 R f
(, or)1 139 1 1440 5544 t
10 CW f
(wstat)1610 5544 w
10 R f
( the)1 153( Similarly,)1 454(of a file in the directory.)5 1000 3 1941 5544 t
10 I f
(atime)3579 5544 w
10 R f
(field records the last)3 827 1 3831 5544 t
10 CW f
(read)4688 5544 w
10 R f
(of the con\255)2 442 1 4958 5544 t
(tents; also it is set whenever)5 1164 1 1080 5664 t
10 I f
(mtime)2277 5664 w
10 R f
( addition, for a directory, it is set by an)9 1632( In)1 142(is set.)1 237 3 2554 5664 t
10 CW f
(attach)4599 5664 w
10 R f
(,)4959 5664 w
10 CW f
(walk)5018 5664 w
10 R f
(, or)1 142 1 5258 5664 t
10 CW f
(create)1080 5784 w
10 R f
(, all whether successful or not.)5 1217 1 1440 5784 t
(The)1080 5952 w
10 I f
(length)1266 5952 w
10 R f
( and most files representing devices have a)7 1759( Directories)1 500( of bytes in the file.)5 812(records the number)2 782 4 1547 5952 t
(conventional length of 0.)3 999 1 1080 6072 t
(The)1080 6240 w
10 CW f
(stat)1260 6240 w
10 R f
(request requires no special permissions.)4 1589 1 1525 6240 t
(The)1080 6408 w
10 CW f
(wstat)1266 6408 w
10 R f
( The)1 212( information.)1 529(request can change some of the file status)7 1702 3 1597 6408 t
10 I f
(name)4072 6408 w
10 R f
(can be changed by anyone)4 1080 1 4320 6408 t
( name to that of an existing file.)7 1327(with write permission in the parent directory; it is an error to change the)13 2993 2 1080 6528 t
(The)1080 6648 w
10 I f
(mode)1260 6648 w
10 R f
( direc\255)1 258( The)1 206( leader of the file's current group.)6 1349(can be changed by the owner of the file or the group)11 2086 4 1501 6648 t
( be changed by a)4 698(tory bit cannot)2 599 2 1080 6768 t
10 CW f
(wstat)2409 6768 w
10 R f
( The)1 212(; the other defined permission and mode bits can.)8 2023 2 2709 6768 t
10 I f
(gid)4976 6768 w
10 R f
(can be)1 264 1 5136 6768 t
( new group; or by the group leader of the file's current group)12 2457(changed: by the owner if also a member of the)9 1863 2 1080 6888 t
( the new group \(see)4 793(if also leader of)3 635 2 1080 7008 t
10 I f
(intro)2536 7008 w
10 R f
(\(5\) for more information about permissions and)6 1921 1 2739 7008 t
10 I f
(users)4688 7008 w
10 R f
(\(6\) for users)2 493 1 4907 7008 t
( of the other data can be altered by a)9 1448( None)1 266(and groups\).)1 499 3 1080 7128 t
10 CW f
(wstat)3318 7128 w
10 R f
( to change the)3 560( particular, there is no way)5 1064(. In)1 158 3 3618 7128 t
(owner of a file.)3 609 1 1080 7248 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 363)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 5 \))3 140( STAT)1 4150(STAT \( 5 \))3 390 3 720 480 t
(A)1080 960 w
10 I f
(read)1185 960 w
10 R f
( entries in the machine independent encoding)6 1862(of a directory yields an integral number of directory)8 2137 2 1401 960 t
(given above \(see)2 670 1 1080 1080 t
10 I f
(read)1775 1080 w
10 R f
(\(5\)\).)1966 1080 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( TS)1 52( NT)1 57( IN)1 67( OI)1 32( PO)1 67( P)1 90( Y)1 2( RY)1 67( TR)1 62( NT)1 57(E EN)1 122 12 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(Stat)1080 1368 w
10 R f
(messages are generated by)3 1060 1 1345 1368 t
10 I f
(fstat)2430 1368 w
10 R f
(and)2628 1368 w
10 I f
(stat.)2797 1368 w
10 CW f
(Wstat)1080 1536 w
10 R f
(messages are generated by)3 1060 1 1405 1536 t
10 I f
(fwstat)2490 1536 w
10 R f
(and)2755 1536 w
10 I f
(wstat.)2924 1536 w
10 R f
( 364)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 5 \))3 140( WALK)1 4101(WALK \( 5 \))3 439 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(walk)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1299 1080 w
10 R f
(descend a directory hierarchy)3 1176 1 1389 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(Twalk)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(tag)1465 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1601 1368 w
10 I f
(fid)1742 1368 w
10 R f
([2])1856 1368 w
10 I f
(name)1997 1368 w
10 R f
([28])2221 1368 w
10 CW f
(Rwalk)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(tag)1465 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1601 1488 w
10 I f
(fid)1742 1488 w
10 R f
([2])1856 1488 w
10 I f
(qid)1997 1488 w
10 R f
([8])2133 1488 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 R f
(The)1080 1776 w
10 CW f
(walk)1260 1776 w
10 R f
(request looks for the file)4 976 1 1525 1776 t
10 I f
(name)2526 1776 w
10 R f
(in the directory represented by)4 1219 1 2767 1776 t
10 I f
(fid)4011 1776 w
10 R f
(.)4125 1776 w
(For the)1 291 1 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
(walk)1401 1944 w
10 R f
(to succeed, the file identified by)5 1306 1 1671 1944 t
10 I f
(fid)3007 1944 w
10 R f
( directory, and the implied user of the request)8 1864(must be a)2 393 2 3143 1944 t
(must have permission to search the directory \(see)7 1971 1 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(intro)3076 2064 w
10 R f
(\(5\)\).)3279 2064 w
(After a successful)2 740 1 1080 2232 t
10 CW f
(walk)1858 2232 w
10 R f
(,)2098 2232 w
10 I f
(fid)2161 2232 w
10 R f
( The)1 219(represents the specified file.)3 1161 2 2305 2232 t
10 I f
(qid)3724 2232 w
10 R f
(for the new file is returned with the)7 1509 1 3891 2232 t
10 CW f
(walk)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(response.)1345 2352 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( TS)1 52( NT)1 57( IN)1 67( OI)1 32( PO)1 67( P)1 90( Y)1 2( RY)1 67( TR)1 62( NT)1 57(E EN)1 122 12 720 2520 t
10 R f
(A call to)2 350 1 1080 2640 t
10 I f
(chdir)1458 2640 w
10 R f
(\(2\) causes a)2 476 1 1677 2640 t
10 CW f
(walk)2181 2640 w
10 R f
( or more)2 344(. One)1 244 2 2421 2640 t
10 CW f
(walk)3037 2640 w
10 R f
( of the following)3 681(messages may be generated by any)5 1414 2 3305 2640 t
( evaluate file names:)3 841(calls, which)1 484 2 1080 2760 t
10 I f
(bind)2436 2760 w
10 R f
(,)2622 2760 w
10 I f
(create)2678 2760 w
10 R f
(,)2935 2760 w
10 I f
(mount)2991 2760 w
10 R f
(,)3249 2760 w
10 I f
(open)3305 2760 w
10 R f
(,)3507 2760 w
10 I f
(stat)3563 2760 w
10 R f
(,)3716 2760 w
10 I f
(wstat)3772 2760 w
10 R f
( file name element)3 758(. The)1 236 2 3992 2760 t
10 CW f
(.)5017 2760 w
10 R f
(\(dot\) is)1 292 1 5108 2760 t
(interpreted locally and is not transmitted in)6 1721 1 1080 2880 t
10 CW f
(walk)2826 2880 w
10 R f
(messages.)3091 2880 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 365)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( INTRO)1 4095(INTRO \( 6 \))3 445 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(intro)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1294 1080 w
10 R f
(introduction to file formats)3 1080 1 1384 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
(This section of the manual describes file formats and other miscellanea such as)12 3155 1 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(troff)4260 1368 w
10 R f
(macro packages.)1 664 1 4458 1368 t
( 366)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( A.OUT)1 4098(A.OUT \( 6 \))3 442 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(a.out)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1302 1080 w
10 R f
(object file format)2 693 1 1392 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <a.out.h>)1 1080 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
( has six sections: a header, the program text, the data, a symbol table, an)14 2996(An executable Plan 9 binary file)5 1324 2 1080 1656 t
( header format, given in)4 964( The)1 207(PC/SP offset table, and finally a PC/line number table.)8 2199 3 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(<a.out.h>)4476 1776 w
10 R f
(, contains)1 384 1 5016 1776 t
(4\255byte integers in big\255endian order:)4 1414 1 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(typedef struct Exec Exec;)3 1500 1 1080 2064 t
(struct Exec {)2 780 1 1080 2184 t
( magic number */)3 960( /*)1 480(long magic;)1 1020 3 1620 2304 t
( size of text segment */)5 1440(long text; /*)2 1500 2 1620 2424 t
( size of initialized data */)5 1680(long data; /*)2 1500 2 1620 2544 t
( size of uninitialized data */)5 1800( /*)1 600(long bss;)1 900 3 1620 2664 t
( size of symbol table */)5 1440(long syms; /*)2 1500 2 1620 2784 t
( entry point */)3 900( /*)1 480(long entry;)1 1020 3 1620 2904 t
( size of pc/sp offset table */)6 1800(long spsz; /*)2 1500 2 1620 3024 t
( size of pc/line number table */)6 1920(long pcsz; /*)2 1500 2 1620 3144 t
(};)1080 3264 w
(#define _MAGIC\(b\) \(\(\(\(4*b\)+0\)*b\)+7\))2 2220 1 1080 3384 t
( vax */)2 420( /*)1 300( _MAGIC\(8\))1 780(#define A_MAGIC)1 960 4 1080 3504 t
( hobbit */)2 600( /*)1 240( _MAGIC\(10\))1 840(#define Z_MAGIC)1 960 4 1080 3624 t
( intel 386 */)3 780( /*)1 240( _MAGIC\(11\))1 840(#define I_MAGIC)1 960 4 1080 3744 t
( intel 960 */)3 780( /*)1 240( _MAGIC\(12\))1 840(#define J_MAGIC)1 960 4 1080 3864 t
( sparc */)2 540( /*)1 240( _MAGIC\(13\))1 840(#define K_MAGIC)1 960 4 1080 3984 t
( hp\255pa */)2 540( /*)1 240( _MAGIC\(14\))1 840(#define P_MAGIC)1 960 4 1080 4104 t
( mips 3000 */)3 780( /*)1 240( _MAGIC\(16\))1 840(#define V_MAGIC)1 960 4 1080 4224 t
10 R f
( size of the header is not included in any of the other sizes.)13 2340( The)1 205(Sizes are expressed in bytes.)4 1139 3 1080 4392 t
( text segment, the)3 729(When a Plan 9 binary file is executed, a memory image of three segments is set up: the)17 3591 2 1080 4560 t
( text segment begins at virtual address)6 1652( The)1 226( stack.)1 276(data segment, and a)3 853 4 1080 4680 t
10 I f
(p)4133 4680 w
10 R f
(, a multiple of the machine\255)5 1209 1 4191 4680 t
( text segment consists of the header and the first)9 1994( The)1 213(dependent page size.)2 844 3 1080 4800 t
10 CW f
(text)4164 4800 w
10 R f
( binary file.)2 481(bytes of the)2 482 2 4437 4800 t
(The)1080 4920 w
10 CW f
(entry)1283 4920 w
10 R f
( program, usually)2 746(field gives the virtual address of the start of the)9 2090 2 1631 4920 t
10 I f
(p)4514 4920 w
10 R f
(+)4564 4920 w
10 CW f
(sizeof\(struct)4620 4920 w
(exec\))1080 5040 w
10 R f
( consists)1 344( It)1 113( the first page\255rounded virtual address after the text segment.)9 2446( data segment starts at)4 886(. The)1 231 5 1380 5040 t
(of the next)2 431 1 1080 5160 t
10 CW f
(data)1538 5160 w
10 R f
(bytes of the binary file, followed by)6 1440 1 1805 5160 t
10 CW f
(bss)3271 5160 w
10 R f
( stack occupies the)3 754( The)1 206(bytes initialized to zero.)3 963 3 3477 5160 t
( segment may be)3 686( data)1 194( The)1 208(highest possible locations in the core image, automatically growing downwards.)9 3232 4 1080 5280 t
(extended by)1 485 1 1080 5400 t
10 I f
(brk)1590 5400 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)1731 5400 w
(The next)1 352 1 1080 5568 t
10 CW f
(syms)1457 5568 w
10 R f
( a symbol)2 391( layout of)2 383( The)1 205(\(possibly zero\) bytes of the binary file contain symbol table entries.)10 2699 4 1722 5568 t
(table entry, also in big\255endian order, is also in)8 1831 1 1080 5688 t
10 CW f
(<a.out.h>)2936 5688 w
10 R f
(:)3476 5688 w
10 CW f
( 20)1 300(#define NNAME)1 840 2 1440 5856 t
( Sym;)1 300(typedef struct Sym)2 1200 2 1440 5976 t
( {)1 120(struct Sym)1 720 2 1440 6096 t
(long value;)1 840 1 1980 6216 t
(char type;)1 780 1 1980 6336 t
( NUL\255terminated */)2 1080( /*)1 300(char name[NNAME];)1 1200 3 1980 6456 t
(char pad[3];)1 900 1 1980 6576 t
(};)1440 6696 w
10 R f
(The)1080 6864 w
10 CW f
(type)1260 6864 w
10 R f
(field is one of the following characters:)6 1569 1 1525 6864 t
10 CW f
(T)1440 7032 w
10 R f
(text segment symbol)2 828 1 1800 7032 t
10 CW f
(t)1440 7152 w
10 R f
(static text segment symbol)3 1064 1 1800 7152 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 367)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( A.OUT)1 4098(A.OUT \( 6 \))3 442 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(L)1440 960 w
10 R f
(leaf function text segment symbol)4 1360 1 1800 960 t
10 CW f
(l)1440 1080 w
10 R f
(static leaf function text segment symbol)5 1596 1 1800 1080 t
10 CW f
(D)1440 1200 w
10 R f
(data segment symbol)2 844 1 1800 1200 t
10 CW f
(d)1440 1320 w
10 R f
(static data segment symbol)3 1080 1 1800 1320 t
10 CW f
(B)1440 1440 w
10 R f
(bss segment symbol)2 806 1 1800 1440 t
10 CW f
(b)1440 1560 w
10 R f
(static bss segment symbol)3 1042 1 1800 1560 t
10 CW f
(a)1440 1680 w
10 R f
(automatic \(local\) variable symbol)3 1345 1 1800 1680 t
10 CW f
(p)1440 1800 w
10 R f
(function parameter symbol)2 1076 1 1800 1800 t
( the pro\255)2 356( symbols in the symbol table appear in the same order as)11 2349( The)1 213(A few others are described below.)5 1402 4 1080 1920 t
(gram components they describe.)3 1292 1 1080 2040 t
(After the symbol table comes a)5 1255 1 1080 2160 t
10 CW f
(spsz)2362 2160 w
10 R f
( and a)2 244(\255byte SP offset table)3 819 2 2602 2160 t
10 CW f
(pcsz)3693 2160 w
10 R f
(\255byte source code line number table.)5 1467 1 3933 2160 t
( pointer rather than dedicating a)5 1272( Plan 9 compilers implement a virtual frame)7 1769( The)1 206(Both tables may be empty.)4 1073 4 1080 2280 t
( a variable offset between the stack pointer and the)9 2106(register; moreover, on the MC68020 and i386 there is)8 2214 2 1080 2400 t
( PC/SP offset table encodes this offset as a function of program location.)12 2905( The)1 205(frame pointer.)1 565 3 1080 2520 t
( the PC to the base of the text seg\255)9 1395( interpreting the stream setting)4 1229( By)1 169(The table is encoded as a byte stream.)7 1527 4 1080 2640 t
( byte value of 0 is followed by four)8 1449( A)1 127( zero, the offset can be computed for any PC.)9 1849(ment and the offset to)4 895 4 1080 2760 t
( byte value of 1 to 64 is multi\255)8 1259( A)1 128(bytes that hold, in big\255endian order, a constant to be added to the offset.)13 2933 3 1080 2880 t
( byte value of 65 to 128 is reduced by 64,)10 1696( A)1 126( and added, without sign extension, to the offset.)8 1972(plied by four)2 526 4 1080 3000 t
( is reduced by 129, multiplied)5 1199( byte value of 129 to 255)6 999( A)1 122(multiplied by four, and subtracted from the offset.)7 2000 4 1080 3120 t
( the)1 148(by the quantum of instruction size \(e.g. four bytes on the RISC machines, two on the MC68020, one on)18 4172 2 1080 3240 t
( any of these operations, the instruc\255)6 1486( After)1 265(i386\), and added to the current PC without changing the offset.)10 2569 3 1080 3360 t
(tion quantum is added to the PC.)6 1309 1 1080 3480 t
(The same algorithm may be run over the PC/line number table to recover the absolute source line number)17 4320 1 1080 3600 t
( zero\) counts the newlines in the)6 1340( absolute line number \(starting from)5 1485( The)1 214(from a given program location.)4 1281 4 1080 3720 t
( table facilitate con\255)3 819( symbol types in the main symbol)6 1393( Three)1 289(C\255preprocessed source seen by the compiler.)5 1819 4 1080 3840 t
(version of the absolute number to source file and line number:)10 2485 1 1080 3960 t
10 CW f
(f)1440 4080 w
10 R f
(source file name components)3 1167 1 1800 4080 t
10 CW f
(z)1440 4200 w
10 R f
(source file name)2 659 1 1800 4200 t
10 CW f
(Z)1440 4320 w
10 R f
(source file line offset)3 845 1 1800 4320 t
(The)1080 4440 w
10 CW f
(f)1263 4440 w
10 R f
( to represent a unique file path name compo\255)8 1817(symbol identifies an integer \(the value of the `symbol'\))8 2232 2 1351 4440 t
( path components are used by the)6 1337( These)1 289(nent \(the name of the `symbol'\).)5 1297 3 1080 4560 t
10 CW f
(z)4029 4560 w
10 R f
( represent a file name:)4 886(symbol to)1 399 2 4115 4560 t
(the first byte of the name field is always 0; the remaining)11 2338 1 1080 4680 t
10 CW f
(NNAME\2551)3448 4680 w
10 R f
( of)1 114(bytes hold a zero\255terminated array)4 1388 2 3898 4680 t
(16\255bit values \(in big\255endian order\) that represent file name components from)10 3186 1 1080 4800 t
10 CW f
(f)4303 4800 w
10 R f
( compo\255)1 341(symbols. These)1 659 2 4400 4800 t
( file name is recorded in the sym\255)7 1367( initial slash of a)4 673( The)1 208(nents, when separated by slashes, form a file name.)8 2072 4 1080 4920 t
(bol table by an)3 591 1 1080 5040 t
10 CW f
(f)1696 5040 w
10 R f
(symbol; when forming file names from)5 1568 1 1781 5040 t
10 CW f
(z)3374 5040 w
10 R f
(symbols an initial slash is not to be assumed.)8 1798 1 3459 5040 t
(The)1080 5160 w
10 CW f
(z)1269 5160 w
10 R f
( object file from which the program was assembled, before)9 2440(symbols are clustered, one set for each)6 1597 2 1363 5160 t
( set of)2 258( The)1 212(any text symbols from that object file.)6 1566 3 1080 5280 t
10 CW f
(z)3148 5280 w
10 R f
( file form a)3 464(symbols for an object)3 884 2 3240 5280 t
10 I f
(history stack)1 514 1 4619 5280 t
10 R f
(of the)1 236 1 5164 5280 t
( value associated with each)4 1098( The)1 208(included source files from which the object file was compiled.)9 2508 3 1080 5400 t
10 CW f
(z)4922 5400 w
10 R f
(symbol is)1 390 1 5010 5400 t
( in the source; if the name associated with the)9 1903(the absolute line number at which that file was included)9 2323 2 1080 5520 t
10 CW f
(z)5340 5520 w
10 R f
( the)1 153( If)1 122( the symbol represents the end of an included file, that is, a pop of the history stack.)17 3442(symbol is null,)2 603 4 1080 5640 t
(value of the)2 471 1 1080 5760 t
10 CW f
(z)1576 5760 w
10 R f
(symbol is 1 \(one\), it represents the start of a new history stack.)12 2502 1 1661 5760 t
( line number for a program location, find the text symbol containing the loca\255)13 3122(To recover the source file and)5 1198 2 1080 5880 t
( interpret the)2 542( Next,)1 285( the text symbol in the symbol table.)7 1568(tion and then the first history stack preceding)7 1925 4 1080 6000 t
( the line number,)3 695( Using)1 294(PC/line offset table to discover the absolute line number for the program location.)12 3331 3 1080 6120 t
( line number within the file)5 1126( The)1 212( stack to find the set of source files open at that location.)12 2339(scan the history)2 643 4 1080 6240 t
(can be found using the line numbers in the history stack.)10 2256 1 1080 6360 t
(The)1080 6480 w
10 CW f
(Z)1260 6480 w
10 R f
(symbols correspond to)2 905 1 1345 6480 t
10 CW f
(#line)2275 6480 w
10 R f
( number)1 331(directives in the source; they specify an adjustment to the line)10 2469 2 2600 6480 t
( offset is associated with the first previous)7 1712( The)1 209(to be printed by the above algorithm.)6 1503 3 1080 6600 t
10 CW f
(z)4533 6600 w
10 R f
(symbol in the sym\255)3 779 1 4621 6600 t
(bol table.)1 372 1 1080 6720 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6888 t
10 I f
(db)1080 7008 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1188 7008 w
10 I f
(2a)1354 7008 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1462 7008 w
10 I f
(2l)1628 7008 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1714 7008 w
10 I f
(nm)1880 7008 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2010 7008 w
10 I f
(strip)2176 7008 w
10 R f
(\(1\))2368 7008 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 7176 t
10 R f
(There is no type information in the symbol table.)8 1957 1 1080 7296 t
( 368)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( AR)1 4261(AR \( 6 \))3 279 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(ar)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1182 1080 w
10 R f
(archive \(library\) file format)3 1099 1 1272 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <ar.h>)1 900 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
(The archive command)2 892 1 1080 1656 t
10 I f
(ar)1997 1656 w
10 R f
( are used mainly as libraries)5 1122( Archives)1 411( to combine several files into one.)6 1357(\(1\) is used)2 416 4 2094 1656 t
(to be searched by the loaders)5 1155 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(2l)2260 1776 w
10 R f
(\(1\) et al.)2 335 1 2346 1776 t
(A file produced by)3 766 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(ar)1877 1944 w
10 R f
(has a magic string at the start, followed by the constituent files, each preceded by a)15 3403 1 1997 1944 t
( magic number and header layout as described in the include file are:)12 2749( The)1 205(file header.)1 448 3 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
( "!<arch>\\n")1 840(#define ARMAG)1 780 2 1440 2232 t
( 8)1 180(#define SARMAG)1 840 2 1440 2352 t
( "`\\n")1 420(#define ARFMAG)1 840 2 1440 2592 t
(struct ar_hdr {)2 900 1 1440 2832 t
(char name[16];)1 1020 1 1920 2952 t
(char date[12];)1 1020 1 1920 3072 t
(char uid[6];)1 900 1 1920 3192 t
(char gid[6];)1 900 1 1920 3312 t
(char mode[8];)1 960 1 1920 3432 t
(char size[10];)1 1020 1 1920 3552 t
(char fmag[2];)1 960 1 1920 3672 t
(};)1440 3792 w
(#define SAR_HDR 60)2 1080 1 1440 3912 t
10 R f
( The)1 219( a blank\255padded string.)3 957(The name is)2 514 3 1080 4080 t
10 CW f
(fmag)2809 4080 w
10 R f
(field contains)1 555 1 3088 4080 t
10 CW f
(ARFMAG)3682 4080 w
10 R f
(to help verify the presence of a)6 1319 1 4081 4080 t
( are decimal except for)4 985( They)1 273( other fields are left\255adjusted, blank\255padded numbers.)6 2242(header. The)1 513 4 1080 4200 t
10 CW f
(mode)5135 4200 w
10 R f
(,)5375 4200 w
( the file \(see)3 502( date is the modification date of)6 1283( The)1 208(which is octal.)2 586 4 1080 4320 t
10 I f
(stat)3688 4320 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) at the time of its insertion into the)8 1559 1 3841 4320 t
( header is)2 408( length of the)3 572( The)1 219( mode is the low 9 bits of the file permission mode, in octal.)13 2584(archive. The)1 537 5 1080 4440 t
10 CW f
(SAR_HDR)1080 4560 w
10 R f
(. Because)1 414 1 1500 4560 t
10 CW f
(struct ar_hdr)1 787 1 1946 4560 t
10 R f
( machines,)1 435(may be padded on some)4 993 2 2765 4560 t
10 CW f
(SAR_HDR)4226 4560 w
10 R f
(should be used in)3 721 1 4679 4560 t
(preference to)1 522 1 1080 4680 t
10 CW f
(sizeof\(struct ar_hdr\))1 1260 1 1627 4680 t
10 R f
(when reading and writing file headers.)5 1535 1 2912 4680 t
( Neverthe\255)1 449( if necessary.)2 525(Each file begins on an even \(0 mod 2\) boundary; a newline is inserted between files)15 3346 3 1080 4848 t
(less)1080 4968 w
10 CW f
(size)1255 4968 w
10 R f
(reflects the actual size of the file exclusive of padding.)9 2178 1 1520 4968 t
(There is no provision for empty areas in an archive file.)10 2220 1 1080 5136 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5304 t
10 I f
(ar)1080 5424 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1177 5424 w
10 I f
(2l)1343 5424 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1429 5424 w
10 I f
(nm)1595 5424 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1725 5424 w
10 I f
(stat)1891 5424 w
10 R f
(\(2\))2044 5424 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5592 t
10 R f
(The)1080 5712 w
10 CW f
(uid)1260 5712 w
10 R f
(and)1465 5712 w
10 CW f
(gid)1634 5712 w
10 R f
( provide compatibility with Unix)4 1317( They)1 255(fields are unused in Plan 9.)5 1082 3 1839 5712 t
10 I f
(ar)4518 5712 w
10 R f
(format.)4632 5712 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 369)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( AUTH)1 4123(AUTH \( 6 \))3 417 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(fsauth, rexauth, chal, changekey)3 1285 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2390 1080 w
10 R f
(authentication services)1 912 1 2480 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
( describes the)2 559(This manual page)2 724 2 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(authentication services)1 932 1 2396 1368 t
10 R f
(: the protocols used to authorize connections, con\255)7 2064 1 3336 1368 t
( machine that provides)3 907( The)1 205( machines, and maintain the associated databases.)6 1985(firm the identities of users and)5 1223 4 1080 1488 t
( the)1 169(these services is called)3 969 2 1080 1608 t
10 I f
(authentication server)1 874 1 2265 1608 t
10 R f
(and may be a stand\255alone machine or a general\255use)8 2214 1 3186 1608 t
( a CPU server)3 560( network database holds for each public machine, such as)9 2307( The)1 207(machine such as a CPU server.)5 1246 4 1080 1728 t
(or file server, the name of the authentication server that machine uses.)11 2796 1 1080 1848 t
( call from the machine wish\255)5 1165( is executed by making a network)6 1360( Each)1 252(There are four authentication services.)4 1543 4 1080 2016 t
( services are:)2 520( The)1 205(ing authentication to the authentication server and exchanging messages.)8 2909 3 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(fsauth)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(authenticate file system attaches)3 1289 1 1620 2304 t
10 I f
(rexauth)1080 2424 w
10 R f
(authenticate remote execution from a Plan 9 machine)7 2126 1 1620 2424 t
10 I f
(chal)1080 2544 w
10 R f
(authenticate connections from a non\255Plan 9 machine using a SecureNet box \(see)11 3207 1 1620 2544 t
10 I f
(securenet)4852 2544 w
10 R f
(\(8\)\))5242 2544 w
10 I f
(changekey)1080 2664 w
10 R f
(change the key for a user or client.)7 1379 1 1620 2664 t
(Multiple)1080 2784 w
10 I f
(fsauth)1458 2784 w
10 R f
( other)1 239( The)1 214( a single connection to the authentication server.)7 1993(requests may be processed on)4 1218 4 1736 2784 t
(protocols accept only one request per call.)6 1682 1 1080 2904 t
( receives a)2 452(When a client calls another machine, say a file server, using the 9P protocol, the file server)16 3868 2 1080 3024 t
10 CW f
(Tauth)1080 3144 w
10 R f
( making the call \(see)4 906(message containing information about the user)5 1972 2 1426 3144 t
10 I f
(auth)4349 3144 w
10 R f
( file server)2 466(\(5\)\). The)1 399 2 4535 3144 t
(exchanges some messages with the authentication server using the)8 2667 1 1080 3264 t
10 I f
(fsauth)3774 3264 w
10 R f
( then)1 200( It)1 114(protocol described below.)2 1040 3 4046 3264 t
(returns an)1 414 1 1080 3384 t
10 CW f
(Rauth)1537 3384 w
10 R f
(message to the client containing a)5 1441 1 1880 3384 t
10 I f
(ticket)3363 3384 w
10 R f
(to be used by the client in the subsequent)8 1779 1 3621 3384 t
10 CW f
(Tattach)1080 3504 w
10 R f
(message \(see)1 524 1 1526 3504 t
10 I f
(attach)2076 3504 w
10 R f
( requesting the service is the one val\255)7 1497(\(5\)\); that ticket guarantees that the user)6 1569 2 2334 3504 t
(idated by the authentication server.)4 1400 1 1080 3624 t
(In describing the protocols, the following notation is used.)8 2332 1 1080 3744 t
( authentication server.)2 884(A The)1 515 2 1080 3864 t
( CPU server or file server.)5 1047(S A)1 432 2 1080 3984 t
( any of these appears as part of a message, it refers to the textual)14 2652( When)1 294( connecting to S.)3 690( client)1 252(C A)1 432 5 1080 4104 t
(name of the agent padded with zeros to a total of)10 1946 1 1440 4224 t
10 CW f
(NAMELEN)3411 4224 w
10 R f
(bytes.)3856 4224 w
(K)1080 4344 w
10 I f
(x)1160 4344 w
10 R f
(The seven byte authentication key of)5 1522 1 1440 4344 t
10 I f
(x)2997 4344 w
10 R f
(;)3049 4344 w
10 I f
(x)3112 4344 w
10 R f
( keep a private copy of their)6 1185( Servers)1 359(is either S or C.)4 665 3 3191 4344 t
( in non\255volatile RAM, and encrypt using the library functions)9 2684(keys, typically)1 609 2 1440 4464 t
10 I f
(encrypt)4783 4464 w
10 R f
(\(2\) and)1 310 1 5090 4464 t
10 I f
(decrypt.)1440 4584 w
10 R f
(Clients keep a copy of the current user's key in the file)11 2286 1 1798 4584 t
10 CW f
(#c/key)4118 4584 w
10 R f
(and encrypt using the)3 887 1 4513 4584 t
(file)1440 4704 w
10 CW f
(#c/crypt)1598 4704 w
10 R f
(\(see)2103 4704 w
10 I f
(cons)2288 4704 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\).)2479 4704 w
(K'C C's)1 499 1 1080 4824 t
10 I f
(network key,)1 513 1 1613 4824 t
10 R f
( with K'C is done with the algorithm)7 1545( Encryption)1 504(stored in C's SecureNet box.)4 1191 3 2160 4824 t
(described in)1 486 1 1440 4944 t
10 I f
(securenet)1952 4944 w
10 R f
( in place of K'C to execute the)7 1222( may also be used)4 714(\(8\). KC)1 331 3 2342 4944 t
10 I f
(chal)4634 4944 w
10 R f
(protocol with\255)1 569 1 4831 4944 t
(out a SecureNet box; in this case, the)7 1551 1 1440 5064 t
10 I f
(netcrypt)3026 5064 w
10 R f
( either case the)3 628( In)1 143(routine is used for encryption.)4 1241 3 3388 5064 t
(result of the encryption is a variable length text string, to be transmitted with its terminating NUL.)16 3925 1 1440 5184 t
(KT A)1 432 1 1080 5304 t
10 I f
(ticket key,)1 398 1 1537 5304 t
10 R f
(a random number stored in a ticket.)6 1417 1 1960 5304 t
10 I f
(x)1080 5424 w
10 R f
( character)1 393( The)1 209( client: a 10 byte NUL\255terminated string.)6 1658( password for the)3 699(PC A)1 380 5 1132 5424 t
10 I f
(x)4500 5424 w
10 R f
(is either)1 323 1 4573 5424 t
10 I f
(o)4925 5424 w
10 R f
(for an old)2 396 1 5004 5424 t
(password or)1 485 1 1440 5544 t
10 I f
(n)1950 5544 w
10 R f
(for a new one.)3 570 1 2025 5544 t
(Ch)1080 5664 w
10 I f
(x)1205 5664 w
10 R f
(A seven byte challenge made by)5 1294 1 1440 5664 t
10 I f
(x)2759 5664 w
10 R f
(;)2811 5664 w
10 I f
(x)2864 5664 w
10 R f
(is one of A, S, or C.)6 797 1 2933 5664 t
( is a chal\255)3 415( NetCh)1 321( NUL\255terminated string of between 1 and 6 digits for encryption using K'C.)12 3152(NetCh A)1 432 4 1080 5784 t
(lenge generated by A and is transmitted as a variable length NUL\255terminated string.)12 3352 1 1440 5904 t
( is the result of encrypting)5 1046( Kx{s})1 307( denote encryption.)2 768(Kx{s} Braces)1 631 4 1080 6024 t
10 I f
(s)3857 6024 w
10 R f
(using key Kx.)2 558 1 3921 6024 t
( error message)2 581(E An)1 482 2 1080 6144 t
10 CW f
(ERRLEN)2168 6144 w
10 R f
(bytes long.)1 439 1 2553 6144 t
( only with a server, so a commu\255)7 1330( authentication server communicates)3 1467( The)1 207(Arrows indicate communication.)2 1316 4 1080 6312 t
(nication between A and C indicates that S forwards the message uninterpreted.)11 3144 1 1080 6432 t
(Consider the)1 517 1 1080 6600 t
10 I f
(fsauth)1631 6600 w
10 R f
( is the concise notation of the)6 1231( Here)1 253( file server.)2 471(protocol to validate a connection to a)6 1535 4 1910 6600 t
(protocol; following that is a prose description of its execution:)9 2490 1 1080 6720 t
10 I f
(Fsauth)1080 6888 w
10 R f
([1] C)1 208 1 1080 7008 t
10 S f
(\256)1296 7008 w
10 R f
( ChC, S}, C)3 480(S KC{FScchal,)1 751 2 1403 7008 t
([2] S)1 197 1 1080 7128 t
10 S f
(\256)1285 7128 w
10 R f
( ChS, C, KC{FScchal, ChC, S}}, S)6 1416(A KS{FSschal,)1 746 2 1392 7128 t
( 370)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( AUTH)1 4123(AUTH \( 6 \))3 417 3 720 480 t
([3] A)1 213 1 1080 960 t
10 S f
(\256)1301 960 w
10 R f
( ChS, KC{FSctick, ChC, KT, KS{FSstick, ChS, KT}}})7 2235(S KS{FSok,)1 625 2 1408 960 t
(or)1080 1080 w
([4] A)1 213 1 1080 1200 t
10 S f
(\256)1301 1200 w
10 R f
( ChS, E})2 357(S KS{FSerr,)1 635 2 1408 1200 t
([5] S)1 197 1 1080 1320 t
10 S f
(\256)1285 1320 w
10 R f
( ChC, KT, KS{FSstick, ChS, KT}})5 1421(C KC{FSctick,)1 746 2 1392 1320 t
([6] C)1 208 1 1080 1440 t
10 S f
(\256)1296 1440 w
10 R f
( ChS, KT})2 429(S KS{FSstick,)1 719 2 1403 1440 t
( an initial byte with value)5 1049([1] The client prepares a string containing)6 1704 2 1080 1608 t
10 CW f
(FScchal)3864 1608 w
10 R f
(\(defined in)1 441 1 4315 1608 t
10 CW f
(<auth.h>)4787 1608 w
10 R f
(\), a)1 133 1 5267 1608 t
( name of the server it is calling, e.g.)8 1452(seven\255byte random string, ChC, and the)5 1610 2 1080 1728 t
10 CW f
(kremvax)4195 1728 w
10 R f
(, padded with zeros)3 785 1 4615 1728 t
(to)1080 1848 w
10 CW f
(NAMELEN)1186 1848 w
10 R f
( a total of 1+7+)4 633(bytes, for)1 380 2 1634 1848 t
10 CW f
(NAMELEN)2647 1848 w
10 R f
( the client does not care which file system it)9 1792( If)1 120(=36 bytes.)1 421 3 3067 1848 t
( it can substitute the string)5 1098(attaches to,)1 459 2 1080 1968 t
10 CW f
(any)2671 1968 w
10 R f
( calls)1 217( It)1 120(for the name of the server.)5 1097 3 2885 1968 t
10 I f
(encrypt)4353 1968 w
10 R f
(\(2\) to encrypt this)3 740 1 4660 1968 t
( the password typed by the user at login time and stored in)12 2367(string using)1 472 2 1080 2088 t
10 CW f
(#c/key)3947 2088 w
10 R f
( the client pre\255)3 588(\(KC\). Next)1 477 2 4335 2088 t
(pares a)1 288 1 1080 2208 t
10 CW f
(Tauth)1402 2208 w
10 R f
(message \(see)1 532 1 1736 2208 t
10 I f
(auth)2302 2208 w
10 R f
(\(5\)\):)2488 2208 w
10 CW f
(chal)2699 2208 w
10 R f
( ChC, S}\))2 362( the result of the encryption \(KC{FScchal,)6 1741(is set to)2 324 3 2973 2208 t
(and)1080 2328 w
10 CW f
(uid)1249 2328 w
10 R f
( message is transmitted to the server, S.)7 1579( This)1 228(to the name of the user placing the call \(C\).)9 1730 3 1454 2328 t
( byte with value)3 683([2] The server prepares a string containing an initial)8 2177 2 1080 2496 t
10 CW f
(FSschal)3979 2496 w
10 R f
(, another 7\255byte random)3 1001 1 4399 2496 t
( name of the client \(C\), and the contents of the)10 1985(string \(ChS\), the)2 692 2 1080 2616 t
10 CW f
(chal)3795 2616 w
10 R f
(field of the)2 464 1 4073 2616 t
10 CW f
(Tauth)4575 2616 w
10 R f
(message. It)1 487 1 4913 2616 t
( and)1 182(encrypts this using the server's key \(KS\) and appends its own name to the 2*36=72 resulting bytes)16 4138 2 1080 2736 t
(sends the total 72+)3 753 1 1080 2856 t
10 CW f
(NAMELEN)1833 2856 w
10 R f
(=100 bytes to the authentication server.)5 1576 1 2253 2856 t
( If the)2 244( [3])1 169(The authentication server responds with one of two results, both encrypted with the server's key.)14 3907 3 1080 3024 t
(authentication is approved, the \(decrypted\) result contains a byte with value)10 3105 1 1080 3144 t
10 CW f
(FSok)4218 3144 w
10 R f
( challenge)1 414(, the server's)2 528 2 4458 3144 t
( called)1 278(\(ChS\), and a thirty\255byte string,)4 1283 2 1080 3264 t
10 I f
(chal,)2681 3264 w
10 R f
(encrypted with the client's key, to be returned to the client)10 2482 1 2918 3264 t
( approved, the result con\255)4 1065( If the authentication is not)5 1139( [4])1 179(\(KC{FSctick, ChC, KT,KS{FSstick, ChS, KT}}\).)4 1937 4 1080 3384 t
(tains a byte with value FSerr, the server challenge, and an error message.)12 2912 1 1080 3504 t
([5] The server decrypts the response and sends either an)9 2325 1 1080 3672 t
10 CW f
(Rauth)3440 3672 w
10 R f
(message with the)2 710 1 3776 3672 t
10 CW f
(chal)4522 3672 w
10 R f
(field set to the)3 602 1 4798 3672 t
10 I f
(chal)1080 3792 w
10 R f
(string or an)2 477 1 1288 3792 t
10 CW f
(Rerror)1801 3792 w
10 R f
( error)1 228( \(The)1 248( the error describing why authentication failed.)6 1931(message containing)1 796 4 2197 3792 t
(case is not shown in the concise form; it is outside the authentication protocol.\))13 3164 1 1080 3912 t
([6] If authentication succeeds, the client decrypts the)7 2183 1 1080 4080 t
10 CW f
(chal)3299 4080 w
10 R f
(field of the)2 460 1 3575 4080 t
10 CW f
(Rauth)4071 4080 w
10 R f
(and extracts the 15\255byte)3 992 1 4408 4080 t
( places that in the)4 727( It)1 118( ChS, KT}\).)2 453(long ticket \(KS{FSstick,)2 999 4 1080 4200 t
10 CW f
(auth)3409 4200 w
10 R f
(field of the)2 450 1 3681 4200 t
10 CW f
(Tattach)4162 4200 w
10 R f
(message it sends to)3 787 1 4613 4200 t
(establish the connection to the server.)5 1503 1 1080 4320 t
( presented)1 408(In the remaining protocol descriptions, the bytes transmitted in the communications are exactly as)13 3912 2 1080 4488 t
(in the concise notation.)3 927 1 1080 4608 t
10 I f
(Rexauth)1080 4776 w
10 R f
([1] S)1 197 1 1080 4896 t
10 S f
(\256)1285 4896 w
10 R f
( ChS})1 246(C KS{RXschal,)1 773 2 1392 4896 t
([2] C)1 208 1 1080 5016 t
10 S f
(\256)1296 5016 w
10 R f
( ChS}, S, RXcchal, ChC}, C)5 1150(A KC{KS{RXschal,)1 949 2 1403 5016 t
([3] A)1 213 1 1080 5136 t
10 S f
(\256)1301 5136 w
10 R f
( ChS, C, KC}, RXctick, ChC})5 1217(C KC{KS{RXstick,)1 928 2 1408 5136 t
([4] C)1 208 1 1080 5256 t
10 S f
(\256)1296 5256 w
10 R f
( ChS, C, KC})3 552(S KS{RXstick,)1 746 2 1403 5256 t
( already\255encrypted)1 746([1] The client C calls the \(CPU\) server, which recognizes the incoming call and reads the)15 3574 2 1080 5424 t
(string KS{RXschal,ChS} from the file)4 1547 1 1080 5544 t
10 CW f
(#c/chal)2653 5544 w
10 R f
( C.)1 117(and transmits it to)3 723 2 3099 5544 t
10 CW f
(RXschal)3989 5544 w
10 R f
(is a single byte identify\255)4 966 1 4434 5544 t
(ing the message type.)3 860 1 1080 5664 t
( the message in a larger message containing the server name \(S\) , an)13 2786([2] The client encapsulates)3 1084 2 1080 5832 t
10 CW f
(RXcchal)4980 5832 w
10 R f
( client name \(C\))3 1072(byte, a client challenge \(ChC\), all encrypted, and the)8 3248 2 1080 5952 t
( to S which forwards it to the authenti\255)8 1559( message is sent)3 644( This)1 229(\(KC{KS{RXschal, ChS}, S, RXcchal, ChC}, C\).)5 1888 4 1080 6072 t
(cation server A.)2 634 1 1080 6192 t
( and)1 189( ChS, C, KC}, RXctick, ChC}\))5 1165( a new message \(KC{KS{RXstick,)4 1477([3] The authentication server forms)4 1489 4 1080 6360 t
(sends it through the server to the client.)7 1576 1 1080 6480 t
( sends to the)3 518( which it)2 362( ChS, C, KC}\))3 534([4] The client decrypts this message and extracts a ticket \(KS{RXstick,)10 2906 4 1080 6648 t
( further requests for the client)5 1238( ticket contains the client key \(KC\) so the server may validate)11 2597(server. The)1 485 3 1080 6768 t
(from the server.)2 634 1 1080 6888 t
10 I f
(Chal)1080 7056 w
10 R f
([1] S)1 197 1 1080 7176 t
10 S f
(\256)1285 7176 w
10 R f
( S, KS{RXschal, ChS})3 922(A C,)1 320 2 1392 7176 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 371)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( AUTH)1 4123(AUTH \( 6 \))3 417 3 720 480 t
([2] A)1 213 1 1080 960 t
10 S f
(\256)1301 960 w
10 R f
(C NetCh)1 473 1 1408 960 t
([3] C)1 208 1 1080 1080 t
10 S f
(\256)1296 1080 w
10 R f
(A K'C{NetCh})1 746 1 1403 1080 t
([4] A)1 213 1 1080 1200 t
10 S f
(\256)1301 1200 w
10 R f
( ChS, C, KC})3 552(S KS{RXstick,)1 741 2 1408 1200 t
(The)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(chal)1273 1368 w
10 R f
(protocol is closely related to)4 1184 1 1483 1368 t
10 I f
(rexauth.)2705 1368 w
10 R f
( server)1 282(The main difference [2] is that the authentication)7 2045 2 3073 1368 t
( result is returned [3] to the)6 1087( The)1 205( be encrypted by a SecureNet box.)6 1371(sends to the client a challenge \(NetCh\) to)7 1657 4 1080 1488 t
( strings of digits.)3 721( challenge and response are variable\255length NUL\255terminated)6 2505( The)1 220(authentication server.)1 874 4 1080 1608 t
(The rest of the protocol is isomorphic to)7 1607 1 1080 1728 t
10 I f
(rexauth.)2712 1728 w
(Changekey)1080 1896 w
10 R f
([1] A)1 213 1 1080 2016 t
10 S f
(\256)1301 2016 w
10 R f
(C ChA)1 401 1 1408 2016 t
([2] C)1 208 1 1080 2136 t
10 S f
(\256)1296 2136 w
10 R f
( KC{CKcchal, ChA, oPC, nPC})4 1294(A C,)1 309 2 1403 2136 t
([3] A)1 213 1 1080 2256 t
10 S f
(\256)1301 2256 w
10 R f
( changed)1 357(C password)1 589 2 1408 2256 t
(or)1080 2376 w
([4] A)1 213 1 1080 2496 t
10 S f
(\256)1301 2496 w
10 R f
(C E)1 273 1 1408 2496 t
( is run directly between a user and the authentication server to change the key for a user; no)18 3778(This protocol)1 542 2 1080 2664 t
(other server is involved.)3 965 1 1080 2784 t
([1] The authentication server sends a challenge directly to the client.)10 2730 1 1080 2952 t
( an encrypted string holding a)5 1230([2] The client constructs a message containing the name \(C\) and)10 2637 2 1080 3120 t
10 CW f
(CKcchal)4980 3120 w
10 R f
( returns this to the)4 722( It)1 111( password \(nPC\).)2 691(byte, the challenge, the old password for the client \(oPC\) and the new)12 2796 4 1080 3240 t
(authentication server.)1 859 1 1080 3360 t
([3] If the change is accepted the authentication server returns the text string)12 3009 1 1080 3528 t
10 CW f
(password changed)1 925 1 4114 3528 t
10 R f
(.)5039 3528 w
([4] Otherwise, it returns an error string \(E\).)7 1726 1 1080 3696 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3864 t
10 I f
(auth)1080 3984 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1266 3984 w
10 I f
(encrypt)1432 3984 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1739 3984 w
10 I f
(intro)1905 3984 w
10 R f
(\(5\),)2108 3984 w
10 I f
(auth)2274 3984 w
10 R f
(\(5\))2460 3984 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4152 t
10 R f
(The)1080 4272 w
10 I f
(rexauth)1260 4272 w
10 R f
(and)1590 4272 w
10 I f
(chal)1759 4272 w
10 R f
(protocols should create a new key for the server to hold on behalf of the client.)15 3143 1 1956 4272 t
( 372)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( BITMAP)1 4022(BITMAP \( 6 \))3 518 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(bitmap)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1383 1080 w
10 R f
(external format for bitmaps)3 1095 1 1473 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <libg.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
(Bitmaps are described in)3 1089 1 1080 1656 t
10 I f
(graphics)2227 1656 w
10 R f
( and bitmaps are stored in external files in machine\255)9 2368(\(2\). Fonts)1 447 2 2585 1656 t
(independent formats.)1 843 1 1080 1776 t
(Bitmap files are read and written using)6 1583 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(rdbitmapfile)2693 1944 w
10 R f
(and)3218 1944 w
10 I f
(wrbitmapfile)3392 1944 w
10 R f
(\(see)3934 1944 w
10 I f
(balloc)4125 1944 w
10 R f
( bitmap file starts)3 715(\(2\)\). A)1 302 2 4383 1944 t
(with 5 decimal strings:)3 983 1 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(ldepth)2111 2064 w
10 R f
(,)2471 2064 w
10 CW f
(r.min.x)2544 2064 w
10 R f
(,)2964 2064 w
10 CW f
(r.min.y)3037 2064 w
10 R f
(,)3457 2064 w
10 CW f
(r.max.x)3530 2064 w
10 R f
(, and)1 217 1 3950 2064 t
10 CW f
(r.max.y)4215 2064 w
10 R f
( number is)2 468(. Each)1 297 2 4635 2064 t
( the)1 161( rest of the file contains)5 1005( The)1 218(right\255justified and blank padded in 11 characters, followed by a blank.)10 2936 4 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(r.max.y)1080 2304 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1500 2304 w
10 CW f
(r.min.y)1565 2304 w
10 R f
( A)1 126(rows of bitmap data.)3 833 2 2015 2304 t
10 I f
(row)3003 2304 w
10 R f
(consists of the byte containing pixel)5 1461 1 3188 2304 t
10 CW f
(r.min.x)4678 2304 w
10 R f
(and all)1 273 1 5127 2304 t
( containing pixel)2 676(the bytes up to and including the byte)7 1509 2 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(r.min.x)3292 2424 w
10 S f
(-)3712 2424 w
10 R f
(1. A pixel with x\255coordinate =)5 1220 1 3767 2424 t
10 I f
(x)5014 2424 w
10 R f
(in a bit\255)2 315 1 5085 2424 t
(map with)1 376 1 1080 2544 t
10 CW f
(ldepth)1482 2544 w
10 R f
(=)1868 2544 w
10 I f
(l)1950 2544 w
10 R f
(will appear as)2 556 1 2004 2544 t
10 I f
(w)2586 2544 w
10 R f
(= 2)1 131 1 2678 2544 t
8 I f
(l)2809 2494 w
10 R f
(contiguous bits in a byte, with the pixel's high order bit starting)11 2544 1 2856 2544 t
(at the byte's bit number)4 953 1 1080 2664 t
10 I f
(w)2060 2664 w
10 S f
(\264)2127 2664 w
10 R f
(\(\()2182 2664 w
10 I f
(x)2248 2664 w
10 R f
(mod 8\)/)1 316 1 2319 2664 t
10 I f
(w)2635 2664 w
10 R f
(\), where bits within a byte are numbered 0 to 7 from the high order)14 2698 1 2702 2664 t
( If)1 116(to the low order bit.)4 791 2 1080 2784 t
10 I f
(w)2012 2784 w
10 R f
(is greater than 8, it is a multiple of 8, so pixel values take up an integral number of)18 3296 1 2104 2784 t
( contain integral number of bytes, so there may be some unused pixels at either end of a row.)18 3710(bytes. Rows)1 514 2 1080 2904 t
(The)1080 3072 w
10 I f
(rdbitmap)1268 3072 w
10 R f
(and)1668 3072 w
10 I f
(wrbitmap)1845 3072 w
10 R f
(functions described in)2 898 1 2262 3072 t
10 I f
(balloc)3193 3072 w
10 R f
( in)1 112(\(2\) also deal with rows in this format, stored)8 1837 2 3451 3072 t
(user memory.)1 549 1 1080 3192 t
(Some small images, in particular 48)5 1463 1 1080 3360 t
10 S f
(\264)2543 3360 w
10 R f
(48 face files as used by)5 953 1 2598 3360 t
10 I f
(seemail)3581 3360 w
10 R f
(\(see)3917 3360 w
10 I f
(mail)4108 3360 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\) and 16)2 455 1 4294 3360 t
10 S f
(\264)4749 3360 w
10 R f
(16 cursors, are)2 596 1 4804 3360 t
( line of text represents one scan line as a comma\255)10 2012( Each)1 254( suitable for inclusion in C source.)6 1404(stored textually,)1 650 4 1080 3480 t
( cursors, each line defines a pair)6 1288( For)1 190( format.)1 317(separated sequence of hexadecimal bytes, shorts, or words in C)9 2525 4 1080 3600 t
( takes two images to define a cursor; each must be stored separately to be processed by pro\255)17 3814( \(It)1 153(of bytes.)1 353 3 1080 3720 t
(grams such as)2 572 1 1080 3840 t
10 I f
(tweak)1683 3840 w
10 R f
( files of one bit per pixel are stored as a sequence of shorts, those of larger)16 3058(\(1\).\) Face)1 418 2 1924 3840 t
( that reads these files must deduce the image size from the)11 2458( Software)1 423(pixel sizes as a sequence of longs.)6 1439 3 1080 3960 t
( formats reflect history rather than design.)6 1677( These)1 288(input; there is no header.)4 990 3 1080 4080 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4248 t
10 I f
(tweak)1080 4368 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1321 4368 w
10 I f
(graphics)1487 4368 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1845 4368 w
10 I f
(bitblt)2011 4368 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2231 4368 w
10 I f
(balloc)2397 4368 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2655 4368 w
10 I f
(font)2821 4368 w
10 R f
(\(6\))2985 4368 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 373)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( FONT)1 4139(FONT \( 6 \))3 401 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(font, subfont)1 511 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1616 1080 w
10 R f
(external format for fonts and subfonts)5 1511 1 1706 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <libg.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
(Fonts and subfonts are described in)5 1412 1 1080 1656 t
10 I f
(cachechars)2517 1656 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)2979 1656 w
(External fonts are described by a plain text file that can be read using)13 2815 1 1080 1824 t
10 I f
(rdfontfile.)3924 1824 w
10 R f
( of the file is a)5 599(The format)1 450 2 4351 1824 t
( header contains two numbers: the)5 1437( The)1 219( subfont range specifications.)3 1212(header followed by any number of)5 1452 4 1080 1944 t
( height is the inter\255line spacing and the ascent is the distance from the top of the)16 3238( The)1 208(height and the ascent.)3 874 3 1080 2064 t
( sub\255)1 202( A)1 127( to display consistently all the subfonts of the font.)9 2067( numbers are chosen)3 835( These)1 294(line to the baseline.)3 795 6 1080 2184 t
( numbers are the inclusive range of)6 1480( The)1 218( specification contains two numbers and a file name.)8 2203(font range)1 419 4 1080 2304 t
( the file name names an external file suitable for)9 1971(characters covered by the subfont, and)5 1564 2 1080 2424 t
10 I f
(rdsubfontfile)4645 2424 w
10 R f
(. The)1 235 1 5165 2424 t
( the sub\255)2 352( If)1 120( subfont.)1 354(minimum number of a covered range is mapped to character zero of the corresponding)13 3494 4 1080 2544 t
( Each)1 251( with a slash, it is taken relative to the directory containing the font file.)14 2886(font file name does not begin)5 1183 3 1080 2664 t
( hex\255)1 209( numeric field may be C\255format decimal, octal, or)8 2033( Each)1 255(field must be followed by some white space.)7 1823 4 1080 2784 t
(adecimal.)1080 2904 w
( using)1 243(External subfonts are represented in a more rigid format that can be read and written)14 3369 2 1080 3072 t
10 I f
(rdsubfontfile)4718 3072 w
10 R f
(and)5256 3072 w
10 I f
(wrsubfontfile)1080 3192 w
10 R f
(\(see)1638 3192 w
10 I f
(subfalloc)1826 3192 w
10 R f
( format for subfont files is: a bitmap containing character images, fol\255)11 2817(\(2\)\). The)1 382 2 2201 3192 t
( bitmap has the format for external bit\255)7 1585( The)1 209(lowed by a subfont header, followed by character information.)8 2526 3 1080 3312 t
(map files described in)3 915 1 1080 3432 t
10 I f
(bitmap)2032 3432 w
10 R f
( subfont header has 3 decimal strings:)6 1581(\(6\). The)1 358 2 2318 3432 t
10 CW f
(n)4293 3432 w
10 R f
(,)4353 3432 w
10 CW f
(height)4414 3432 w
10 R f
(, and)1 205 1 4774 3432 t
10 CW f
(ascent)5015 3432 w
10 R f
(.)5375 3432 w
( character)1 390( The)1 206( 11 characters, followed by a blank.)6 1430(Each number is right\255justified and blank padded in)7 2028 4 1080 3552 t
10 CW f
(info)5160 3552 w
10 R f
(consists of)1 427 1 1080 3672 t
10 CW f
(n)1534 3672 w
10 R f
( the)1 148(+1 6\255byte entries, each giving)4 1198 2 1594 3672 t
10 CW f
(Fontchar x)1 566 1 2966 3672 t
10 R f
(\(2 bytes, low order byte first\),)5 1200 1 3558 3672 t
10 CW f
(top)4784 3672 w
10 R f
(,)4964 3672 w
10 CW f
(bottom)5015 3672 w
10 R f
(,)5375 3672 w
10 CW f
(left)1080 3792 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 1320 3792 t
10 CW f
(width)1539 3792 w
10 R f
(. The)1 230 1 1839 3792 t
10 CW f
(x)2094 3792 w
10 R f
(field of the last)3 602 1 2179 3792 t
10 CW f
(Fontchar)2806 3792 w
10 R f
( bitmap width of the previous)5 1185(is used to calculate the)4 904 2 3311 3792 t
(character; the other fields in the last)6 1430 1 1080 3912 t
10 CW f
(Fontchar)2535 3912 w
10 R f
(are irrelevant.)1 553 1 3040 3912 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4080 t
10 I f
(graphics)1080 4200 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1438 4200 w
10 I f
(bitblt)1604 4200 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1824 4200 w
10 I f
(cachechars)1990 4200 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2452 4200 w
10 I f
(subfalloc)2618 4200 w
10 R f
(\(2\))2993 4200 w
( 374)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( KEYBOARD)1 3845(KEYBOARD \( 6 \))3 695 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 1128 t
10 R f
(keyboard)1080 1248 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1476 1248 w
10 R f
(how to type characters)3 900 1 1566 1248 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1416 t
10 R f
( should be obvious how to type ordinary)7 1669( It)1 119(Keyboards are idiosyncratic.)2 1158 3 1080 1536 t
9 R f
(ASCII)4057 1536 w
10 R f
(characters, backspace, tab,)2 1075 1 4325 1536 t
( 9, the key labeled)4 737( Plan)1 206( In)1 136(escape, and newline.)2 831 4 1080 1656 t
10 CW f
(Return)3017 1656 w
10 R f
(or)3404 1656 w
10 CW f
(Enter)3514 1656 w
10 R f
(generates a newline \()3 850 1 3841 1656 t
10 CW f
(0x0A)4691 1656 w
10 R f
(\); if there is)3 469 1 4931 1656 t
(a key labeled)2 528 1 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(Line Feed)1 507 1 1634 1776 t
10 R f
(, it generates a carriage return \()6 1254 1 2141 1776 t
10 CW f
(0x0D)3395 1776 w
10 R f
( control char\255)2 541( All)1 180(\); Plan 9 eschews CRLFs.)4 1044 3 3635 1776 t
( On)1 175( and control\255M a carriage return.)5 1316(acters are typed in the usual way; in particular, control\255J is a line feed)13 2829 3 1080 1896 t
(the Safari, the key labeled)4 1039 1 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(Caps Lock)1 505 1 2144 2016 t
10 R f
(acts as an additional control key.)5 1309 1 2674 2016 t
(The delete character \()3 883 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(0x7F)1963 2184 w
10 R f
( a different key, one near the extreme upper right of the)11 2287(\) may be generated by)4 910 2 2203 2184 t
( the Next it is the key labeled)7 1196(keyboard. On)1 572 2 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(*)2877 2304 w
10 R f
( the SLC, delete is labeled)5 1064( On)1 175(\(not the asterisk above the 8\).)5 1196 3 2965 2304 t
10 CW f
(Num Lock)1 453 1 1080 2424 t
10 R f
(\(the key above)2 603 1 1566 2424 t
10 CW f
(Backspace)2202 2424 w
10 R f
(labeled)2775 2424 w
10 CW f
(Delete)3096 2424 w
10 R f
( On)1 181(functions as an additional backspace key\).)5 1730 2 3489 2424 t
(the other keyboards, the key labeled)5 1441 1 1080 2544 t
10 CW f
(Del)2546 2544 w
10 R f
(generates the delete character.)3 1200 1 2751 2544 t
(The view character \()3 839 1 1080 2712 t
10 CW f
(0x80)1919 2712 w
10 R f
(\), used by)2 403 1 2159 2712 t
10 I f
(8\275)2593 2712 w
10 R f
(\(1\) and)1 291 1 2726 2712 t
10 I f
(sam)3049 2712 w
10 R f
( is generally)2 502( It)1 118(\(1\), causes windows to scroll forward.)5 1562 3 3218 2712 t
( scroll character is generated by the)6 1418( The)1 206(somewhere near the lower right of the main key area.)9 2136 3 1080 2832 t
10 CW f
(VIEW)4866 2832 w
10 R f
(key on)1 269 1 5131 2832 t
(the Gnot, the)2 527 1 1080 2952 t
10 CW f
(Alt Graph)1 509 1 1636 2952 t
10 R f
(key on the SLC, and any of the three arrow keys)10 1972 1 2174 2952 t
10 S f
(\254)4175 2952 w
10 R f
(,)4274 2952 w
10 S f
(\257)4328 2952 w
10 R f
(, and)1 198 1 4388 2952 t
10 S f
(\256)4616 2952 w
10 R f
(on the other ter\255)3 655 1 4745 2952 t
(minals.)1080 3072 w
(Characters in Plan 9 are runes \(see)6 1391 1 1080 3240 t
10 I f
(utf)2498 3240 w
10 R f
( be typed using a compose key followed by)8 1755( 16\255bit rune can)3 635(\(6\)\). Any)1 398 3 2612 3240 t
( is also generally near the lower right of the main key area: the)13 2575( compose key)2 563( The)1 212(several other keys.)2 759 4 1080 3360 t
10 CW f
(NUM)5220 3360 w
(PAD)1080 3480 w
10 R f
(key on the Gnot, the)4 813 1 1285 3480 t
10 CW f
(Alternate)2124 3480 w
10 R f
(key on the Next, the)4 811 1 2690 3480 t
10 CW f
(Compose)3527 3480 w
10 R f
(key on the Slc, the)4 745 1 3973 3480 t
10 CW f
(Option)4744 3480 w
10 R f
(key on)1 270 1 5130 3480 t
(the Magnum, and either)3 963 1 1080 3600 t
10 CW f
(Alt)2071 3600 w
10 R f
( typing the compose key, type a capital)7 1573( After)1 262(key on the Safari.)3 713 3 2279 3600 t
10 CW f
(X)4854 3600 w
10 R f
(and exactly)1 459 1 4941 3600 t
(four hexadecimal characters \(digits and)4 1573 1 1080 3720 t
10 CW f
(a)2678 3720 w
10 R f
(to)2763 3720 w
10 CW f
(f)2866 3720 w
10 R f
(\) to type a single rune with the value represented by the typed)12 2474 1 2926 3720 t
( the compose key with appropriate two\255)6 1748( Follow)1 361( for some characters.)3 911( are shorthands)2 660(number. There)1 640 5 1080 3840 t
(character sequence to generate the desired rune:)6 1909 1 1080 3960 t
10 CW f
( g$)1 260( \244)1 340( l$)1 260( \243)1 340( c$)1 260( \242)1 340(\241 !!)1 320 7 1440 4128 t
( "")1 260( \250)1 340( SS)1 260( \247)1 340( ||)1 260( \246)1 340(\245 y$)1 320 7 1440 4248 t
( <<)1 260( \253)1 340( sa)1 260( \252)1 340(\251 cO)1 320 5 1440 4368 t
10 S f
(\330)3240 4368 w
10 CW f
(no)3440 4368 w
( de)1 260( \260)1 340( __)1 260( \257)1 340( rO)1 260( \256)1 340(- \255\255)1 320 7 1440 4488 t
( '')1 260( \264)1 340( s3)1 260( \263)1 340( s2)1 260( \262)1 340(\261 +\255)1 320 7 1440 4608 t
( ,,)1 260( \270)1 340( ..)1 260( \267)1 340( pg)1 260( \266)1 340(\265 mi)1 320 7 1440 4728 t
( 14)1 260( \274)1 340( >>)1 260( \273)1 340( s0)1 260( \272)1 340(\271 s1)1 320 7 1440 4848 t
( `A)1 260( \300)1 340( ??)1 260( \277)1 340( 34)1 260( \276)1 340(\275 12)1 320 7 1440 4968 t
( "A)1 260( \304)1 340( ~A)1 260( \303)1 340( ^A)1 260( \302)1 340(\301 'A)1 320 7 1440 5088 t
( `E)1 260( \310)1 340( ,C)1 260( \307)1 340( AE)1 260( \306)1 340(\305 oA)1 320 7 1440 5208 t
( `I)1 260( \314)1 340( "E)1 260( \313)1 340( ^E)1 260( \312)1 340(\311 'E)1 320 7 1440 5328 t
( D\255)1 260( \320)1 340( "I)1 260( \317)1 340( ^I)1 260( \316)1 340(\315 'I)1 320 7 1440 5448 t
( ^O)1 260( \324)1 340( 'O)1 260( \323)1 340( `O)1 260( \322)1 340(\321 ~N)1 320 7 1440 5568 t
( "O)1 260( \326)1 340(\325 ~O)1 320 3 1440 5688 t
10 S f
(\264)2640 5688 w
10 CW f
( /O)1 260(mu \330)1 460 2 2840 5688 t
( "U)1 260( \334)1 340( ^U)1 260( \333)1 340( 'U)1 260( \332)1 340(\331 `U)1 320 7 1440 5808 t
( `a)1 260( \340)1 340( ss)1 260( \337)1 340( |P)1 260( \336)1 340(\335 'Y)1 320 7 1440 5928 t
( "a)1 260( \344)1 340( ~a)1 260( \343)1 340( ^a)1 260( \342)1 340(\341 'a)1 320 7 1440 6048 t
( `e)1 260( \350)1 340( ,c)1 260( \347)1 340( ae)1 260( \346)1 340(\345 oa)1 320 7 1440 6168 t
( `i)1 260( \354)1 340( "e)1 260( \353)1 340( ^e)1 260( \352)1 340(\351 'e)1 320 7 1440 6288 t
( d\255)1 260( \360)1 340( "i)1 260( \357)1 340( ^i)1 260( \356)1 340(\355 'i)1 320 7 1440 6408 t
( ^o)1 260( \364)1 340( 'o)1 260( \363)1 340( `o)1 260( \362)1 340(\361 ~n)1 320 7 1440 6528 t
( /o)1 260( \370)1 340( \255:)1 260( \367)1 340( "o)1 260( \366)1 340(\365 ~o)1 320 7 1440 6648 t
( "u)1 260( \374)1 340( ^u)1 260( \373)1 340( 'u)1 260( \372)1 340(\371 `u)1 320 7 1440 6768 t
( "y)1 260( \377)1 340( |p)1 260( \376)1 340(\375 'y)1 320 5 1440 6888 t
10 S f
(a)3240 6888 w
10 CW f
(*a)3440 6888 w
10 S f
(b)1440 7008 w
10 CW f
(*b)1640 7008 w
10 S f
(g)2040 7008 w
10 CW f
(*g)2240 7008 w
10 S f
(d)2640 7008 w
10 CW f
(*d)2840 7008 w
10 S f
(e)3240 7008 w
10 CW f
(*e)3440 7008 w
10 S f
(z)1440 7128 w
10 CW f
(*z)1640 7128 w
10 S f
(h)2040 7128 w
10 CW f
(*y)2240 7128 w
10 S f
(q)2640 7128 w
10 CW f
(*h)2840 7128 w
10 S f
(i)3240 7128 w
10 CW f
(*i)3440 7128 w
10 S f
(k)1440 7248 w
10 CW f
(*k)1640 7248 w
10 S f
(l)2040 7248 w
10 CW f
(*l)2240 7248 w
10 S f
(m)2640 7248 w
10 CW f
(*m)2840 7248 w
10 S f
(n)3240 7248 w
10 CW f
(*n)3440 7248 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 375)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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402 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( KEYBOARD)1 3845(KEYBOARD \( 6 \))3 695 3 720 480 t
10 S f
(x)1440 960 w
10 CW f
(*c)1640 960 w
10 S f
(o)2040 960 w
10 CW f
(*o)2240 960 w
10 S f
(p)2640 960 w
10 CW f
(*p)2840 960 w
10 S f
(r)3240 960 w
10 CW f
(*r)3440 960 w
10 S f
(V)1440 1080 w
10 CW f
(ts)1640 1080 w
10 S f
(s)2040 1080 w
10 CW f
(*s)2240 1080 w
10 S f
(t)2640 1080 w
10 CW f
(*t)2840 1080 w
10 S f
(u)3240 1080 w
10 CW f
(*u)3440 1080 w
10 S f
(f)1440 1200 w
10 CW f
(*f)1640 1200 w
10 S f
(c)2040 1200 w
10 CW f
(*x)2240 1200 w
10 S f
(y)2640 1200 w
10 CW f
(*q)2840 1200 w
10 S f
(w)3240 1200 w
10 CW f
(*w)3440 1200 w
10 S f
(A)1440 1320 w
10 CW f
(*A)1640 1320 w
10 S f
(B)2040 1320 w
10 CW f
(*B)2240 1320 w
10 S f
(G)2640 1320 w
10 CW f
(*G)2840 1320 w
10 S f
(D)3240 1320 w
10 CW f
(*D)3440 1320 w
10 S f
(E)1440 1440 w
10 CW f
(*E)1640 1440 w
10 S f
(Z)2040 1440 w
10 CW f
(*Z)2240 1440 w
10 S f
(H)2640 1440 w
10 CW f
(*Y)2840 1440 w
10 S f
(Q)3240 1440 w
10 CW f
(*H)3440 1440 w
10 S f
(I)1440 1560 w
10 CW f
(*I)1640 1560 w
10 S f
(K)2040 1560 w
10 CW f
(*K)2240 1560 w
10 S f
(L)2640 1560 w
10 CW f
(*L)2840 1560 w
10 S f
(M)3240 1560 w
10 CW f
(*M)3440 1560 w
10 S f
(N)1440 1680 w
10 CW f
(*N)1640 1680 w
10 S f
(X)2040 1680 w
10 CW f
(*C)2240 1680 w
10 S f
(O)2640 1680 w
10 CW f
(*O)2840 1680 w
10 S f
(P)3240 1680 w
10 CW f
(*P)3440 1680 w
10 S f
(R)1440 1800 w
10 CW f
(*R)1640 1800 w
10 S f
(S)2040 1800 w
10 CW f
(*S)2240 1800 w
10 S f
(T)2640 1800 w
10 CW f
(*T)2840 1800 w
10 S f
(U)3240 1800 w
10 CW f
(*U)3440 1800 w
10 S f
(F)1440 1920 w
10 CW f
(*F)1640 1920 w
10 S f
(C)2040 1920 w
10 CW f
(*X)2240 1920 w
10 S f
(Y)2640 1920 w
10 CW f
(*Q)2840 1920 w
10 S f
(W)3240 1920 w
10 CW f
(*W)3440 1920 w
10 S f
(\254)1440 2040 w
10 CW f
(<\255)1640 2040 w
10 S f
(\255)2040 2040 w
10 CW f
(ua)2240 2040 w
10 S f
(\256)2640 2040 w
10 CW f
(\255>)2840 2040 w
10 S f
(\257)3240 2040 w
10 CW f
(da)3440 2040 w
10 S f
(\253)1440 2160 w
10 CW f
(ab)1640 2160 w
10 S f
(")2040 2160 w
10 CW f
(fa)2240 2160 w
10 S f
($)2640 2160 w
10 CW f
(te)2840 2160 w
10 S f
(\266)3240 2160 w
10 CW f
(pd)3440 2160 w
10 S f
(\306)1440 2280 w
10 CW f
(es)1640 2280 w
10 S f
(D)2040 2280 w
10 CW f
(De)2240 2280 w
10 S f
(\321)2640 2280 w
10 CW f
(gr)2840 2280 w
10 S f
(\317)3240 2280 w
10 CW f
(!m)3440 2280 w
10 S f
(')1440 2400 w
10 CW f
(st)1640 2400 w
10 S f
(*)2040 2400 w
10 CW f
(**)2240 2400 w
10 S f
(\267)2640 2400 w
10 CW f
(bu)2840 2400 w
10 S f
(\326)3240 2400 w
10 CW f
(sr)3440 2400 w
10 S f
(\265)1440 2520 w
10 CW f
(pt)1640 2520 w
10 S f
(\245)2040 2520 w
10 CW f
(if)2240 2520 w
10 S f
(\320)2640 2520 w
10 CW f
(an)2840 2520 w
10 S f
(\331)3240 2520 w
10 CW f
(l&)3440 2520 w
10 S f
(\332)1440 2640 w
10 CW f
(l|)1640 2640 w
10 S f
(\307)2040 2640 w
10 CW f
(ca)2240 2640 w
10 S f
(\310)2640 2640 w
10 CW f
(cu)2840 2640 w
10 S f
(\362)3240 2640 w
10 CW f
(is)3440 2640 w
10 S f
(\\)1440 2760 w
10 CW f
(tf)1640 2760 w
10 S f
()2040 2760 w
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    (\176) stringwidth pop neg size -.15 mul (\176\055) ashow
} def
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10 S f
2040 2760 m
55 build_~=
2095 2760 m
10 CW f
(~=)2240 2760 w
10 S f
(@)2640 2760 w
10 CW f
(cg)2840 2760 w
10 S f
(\273)3240 2760 w
10 CW f
(~~)3440 2760 w
10 S f
(\271)1440 2880 w
10 CW f
(!=)1640 2880 w
10 S f
(\272)2040 2880 w
10 CW f
(==)2240 2880 w
10 S f
(\243)2640 2880 w
10 CW f
(<=)2840 2880 w
10 S f
(\263)3240 2880 w
10 CW f
(>=)3440 2880 w
10 S f
(\314)1440 3000 w
10 CW f
(sb)1640 3000 w
10 S f
(\311)2040 3000 w
10 CW f
(sp)2240 3000 w
10 S f
(\313)2640 3000 w
10 CW f
(!b)2840 3000 w
10 S f
(\315)3240 3000 w
10 CW f
(ib)3440 3000 w
10 S f
(\312)1440 3120 w
10 CW f
(ip)1640 3120 w
10 S f
(\305)2040 3120 w
10 CW f
(O+ O\255)1 720 1 2240 3120 t
10 S f
(\304)3240 3120 w
10 CW f
(Ox)3440 3120 w
(tu Tu)1 720 1 1640 3240 t
10 S f
(\340)2640 3240 w
10 CW f
(lz)2840 3240 w
10 S f
(\274)3240 3240 w
10 CW f
(el)3440 3240 w
10 R f
( Greek)1 274(Note the difference between \337 \(ss\) and \265 \(micron\) and the)10 2354 2 1080 3408 t
10 S f
(b)3739 3408 w
10 R f
(and)3825 3408 w
10 S f
(m)4000 3408 w
10 R f
( well, white and black chess)5 1150(. As)1 192 2 4058 3408 t
(pieces may be escaped using the sequence color \()8 2012 1 1080 3528 t
10 CW f
(w)3092 3528 w
10 R f
(or)3182 3528 w
10 CW f
(b)3295 3528 w
10 R f
( by piece \()3 430(\) followed)1 418 2 3355 3528 t
10 CW f
(k)4203 3528 w
10 R f
(for king,)1 348 1 4292 3528 t
10 CW f
(q)4669 3528 w
10 R f
(for queen,)1 408 1 4758 3528 t
10 CW f
(r)5195 3528 w
10 R f
(for)5284 3528 w
(rook,)1080 3648 w
10 CW f
(n)1313 3648 w
10 R f
(for knight,)1 422 1 1398 3648 t
10 CW f
(b)1845 3648 w
10 R f
(for bishop, or)2 541 1 1930 3648 t
10 CW f
(p)2496 3648 w
10 R f
(for pawn\).)1 415 1 2581 3648 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3816 t
10 I f
(Intro)1080 3936 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1288 3936 w
10 I f
(ascii)1454 3936 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1651 3936 w
10 I f
(tcs)1817 3936 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1936 3936 w
10 I f
(8\275)2102 3936 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2235 3936 w
10 I f
(sam)2401 3936 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2570 3936 w
10 I f
(cons)2736 3936 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)2927 3936 w
10 I f
(utf)3093 3936 w
10 R f
(\(6\))3207 3936 w
( 376)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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403 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( MAN)1 4167(MAN \( 6 \))3 373 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(man)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1277 1080 w
10 R f
(macros to typeset manual)3 1018 1 1367 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(nroff \255man)1 600 1 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1705 1368 t
10 CW f
(troff \255man)1 600 1 1080 1536 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1705 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 R f
(These macros are used to format pages of this manual.)9 2173 1 1080 1824 t
(Except in)1 386 1 1080 1992 t
10 CW f
(.LR)1497 1992 w
10 R f
(and)1708 1992 w
10 CW f
(.RL)1883 1992 w
10 R f
( text argument denoted)3 939(requests, any)1 527 2 2094 1992 t
10 I f
(t)3592 1992 w
10 R f
(in the request summary may be zero to six)8 1748 1 3652 1992 t
(words. Quotes)1 611 1 1080 2112 t
10 CW f
(")1760 2112 w
10 R f
(...)1854 2112 w
10 CW f
(")1963 2112 w
10 R f
( If)1 125(may be used to include blanks in a `word'.)8 1772 2 2057 2112 t
10 I f
(t)3988 2112 w
10 R f
(is empty, the special treatment is)5 1350 1 4050 2112 t
( this way, for example,)4 935( In)1 138( next text input line \(the next line that doesn't begin with dot\).)12 2545(applied to the)2 552 4 1080 2232 t
10 CW f
(.I)5280 2232 w
10 R f
(may be used to italicize a line of more than 6 words, or)12 2223 1 1080 2352 t
10 CW f
(.SM)3330 2352 w
10 R f
(followed by)1 482 1 3537 2352 t
10 CW f
(.B)4046 2352 w
10 R f
(to make small letters in `bold')5 1207 1 4193 2352 t
(font.)1080 2472 w
( remembered between successive indented paragraphs, and is reset to default)10 3091(A prevailing indent distance is)4 1229 2 1080 2640 t
( units for indents)3 675( Default)1 349(value upon reaching a non\255indented paragraph.)5 1878 3 1080 2760 t
10 I f
(i)4007 2760 w
10 R f
(are ens.)1 304 1 4060 2760 t
(The fonts are)2 526 1 1080 2928 t
10 CW f
(R)1080 3096 w
10 R f
(roman, the main font, preferred for diagnostics)6 1868 1 1440 3096 t
10 CW f
(I)1080 3216 w
10 R f
( short names of commands names of manual pages, and naked)10 2667(italic, preferred for parameters,)3 1293 2 1440 3216 t
(function names)1 613 1 1440 3336 t
10 CW f
(B)1080 3456 w
10 R f
( declarations, key\255)2 742(`bold', actually the constant width font CW, preferred for examples, file names,)11 3218 2 1440 3456 t
(words, names of)2 657 1 1440 3576 t
10 CW f
(struct)2122 3576 w
10 R f
(members, and literals \(numbers are rarely literals\))6 1992 1 2507 3576 t
10 CW f
(L)1080 3696 w
10 R f
( In)1 143( CW.)1 221(also font)1 356 3 1440 3696 t
10 I f
(troff)2195 3696 w
10 CW f
(L)2403 3696 w
10 R f
(=)2463 3696 w
10 CW f
(B)2519 3696 w
10 R f
(; in)1 141 1 2579 3696 t
10 I f
(nroff)2755 3696 w
10 R f
(arguments of the macros)3 1014 1 2985 3696 t
10 CW f
(.L)4034 3696 w
10 R f
(,)4154 3696 w
10 CW f
(.LR)4214 3696 w
10 R f
(, and)1 204 1 4394 3696 t
10 CW f
(.RL)4633 3696 w
10 R f
(are printed in)2 552 1 4848 3696 t
(quotes; preferred only where quotes really help \(e.g. lower\255case literals and punctuation\).)11 3563 1 1440 3816 t
( reset to default values before each paragraph, and after processing font\255 or size\255)13 3382(Type font and size are)4 938 2 1080 3984 t
(setting macros.)1 605 1 1080 4104 t
(The)1080 4272 w
10 CW f
(\255man)1270 4272 w
10 R f
( and tables in the style of)6 1065(macros admit equations)2 969 2 1545 4272 t
10 I f
(eqn)3615 4272 w
10 R f
(\(1\) and)1 296 1 3767 4272 t
10 I f
(tbl)4099 4272 w
10 R f
(\(1\), but do not support argu\255)5 1187 1 4213 4272 t
(ments on)1 364 1 1080 4392 t
10 CW f
(.EQ)1469 4392 w
10 R f
(and)1674 4392 w
10 CW f
(.TS)1843 4392 w
10 R f
(macros.)2048 4392 w
(These strings are predefined by)4 1252 1 1080 4560 t
10 CW f
(\255man)2357 4560 w
10 R f
(:)2597 4560 w
10 CW f
(\\*R)1080 4728 w
10 R f
(`\256', `\(Reg\)' in)2 588 1 1440 4728 t
10 I f
(nroff.)2053 4728 w
10 CW f
(\\*S)1080 4848 w
10 R f
(Change to default type size.)4 1112 1 1440 4848 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 5016 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tmac/tmac.an)1080 5136 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5304 t
10 I f
(troff)1080 5424 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1261 5424 w
10 I f
(man)1427 5424 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1607 5424 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( TS)1 52( ST)1 57( ES)1 52( QU UE)2 124( EQ)1 67(R RE)1 117 7 720 5592 t
10 R f
( Explanation)1 722( If no)2 216(Request Cause)1 646 3 720 5712 t
(Break Argument)1 674 1 1122 5832 t
10 CW f
(.B)720 5952 w
10 I f
(t)865 5952 w
10 R f
(no)1122 5952 w
10 I f
(t)1391 5952 w
10 R f
(=n.t.l.* Text)1 585 1 1419 5952 t
10 I f
(t)2029 5952 w
10 R f
(is `bold'.)1 361 1 2082 5952 t
10 CW f
(.BI)720 6072 w
10 I f
(t)925 6072 w
10 R f
(no)1122 6072 w
10 I f
(t)1391 6072 w
10 R f
( words of)2 377(=n.t.l. Join)1 569 2 1419 6072 t
10 I f
(t)2390 6072 w
10 R f
(alternating bold and italic.)3 1049 1 2443 6072 t
10 CW f
(.BR)720 6192 w
10 I f
(t)925 6192 w
10 R f
(no)1122 6192 w
10 I f
(t)1391 6192 w
10 R f
( words of)2 377(=n.t.l. Join)1 569 2 1419 6192 t
10 I f
(t)2390 6192 w
10 R f
(alternating bold and Roman.)3 1138 1 2443 6192 t
10 CW f
(.DT)720 6312 w
10 R f
( default tabs.)2 513(no Restore)1 1004 2 1122 6312 t
10 CW f
(.EE)720 6432 w
10 R f
( displayed example)2 771(yes End)1 860 2 1122 6432 t
10 CW f
(.EX)720 6552 w
10 R f
( displayed example)2 771(yes Begin)1 938 2 1122 6552 t
10 CW f
(.FR)720 6672 w
10 I f
(t)925 6672 w
10 R f
(no)1122 6672 w
10 I f
(t)1391 6672 w
10 R f
( words of)2 377(=n.t.l. Join)1 569 2 1419 6672 t
10 I f
(t)2390 6672 w
10 R f
(alternating file name and Roman.)4 1334 1 2443 6672 t
10 CW f
(.HP)720 6792 w
10 I f
(i)925 6792 w
10 R f
(yes)1122 6792 w
10 I f
(i)1391 6792 w
10 R f
( prevailing indent to)3 808(=p.i.* Set)1 530 2 1419 6792 t
10 I f
(i.)2782 6792 w
10 R f
(Begin paragraph with hanging indent.)4 1512 1 2860 6792 t
10 CW f
(.I)720 6912 w
10 I f
(t)865 6912 w
10 R f
(no)1122 6912 w
10 I f
(t)1391 6912 w
10 R f
(=n.t.l. Text)1 585 1 1419 6912 t
10 I f
(t)2029 6912 w
10 R f
(is italic.)1 317 1 2082 6912 t
10 CW f
(.IB)720 7032 w
10 I f
(t)925 7032 w
10 R f
(no)1122 7032 w
10 I f
(t)1391 7032 w
10 R f
( words of)2 377(=n.t.l. Join)1 569 2 1419 7032 t
10 I f
(t)2390 7032 w
10 R f
(alternating italic and bold.)3 1049 1 2443 7032 t
10 CW f
(.IP)720 7152 w
10 I f
(x i)1 97 1 925 7152 t
10 R f
(yes)1122 7152 w
10 I f
(x)1391 7152 w
10 R f
( as)1 108(="" Same)1 608 2 1435 7152 t
10 CW f
(.TP)2176 7152 w
10 R f
(with tag)1 325 1 2381 7152 t
10 I f
(x.)2731 7152 w
10 CW f
(.IR)720 7272 w
10 I f
(t)925 7272 w
10 R f
(no)1122 7272 w
10 I f
(t)1391 7272 w
10 R f
( words of)2 377(=n.t.l. Join)1 569 2 1419 7272 t
10 I f
(t)2390 7272 w
10 R f
(alternating italic and Roman.)3 1160 1 2443 7272 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 377)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( MAN)1 4167(MAN \( 6 \))3 373 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(.L)720 960 w
10 I f
(t)865 960 w
10 R f
(no)1122 960 w
10 I f
(t)1391 960 w
10 R f
(=n.t.l. Text)1 585 1 1419 960 t
10 I f
(t)2029 960 w
10 R f
(is literal.)1 350 1 2082 960 t
10 CW f
(.LP)720 1080 w
10 R f
( as)1 108(yes Same)1 921 2 1122 1080 t
10 CW f
(.PP)2176 1080 w
10 R f
(.)2356 1080 w
10 CW f
(.LR)720 1200 w
10 I f
(t)925 1200 w
10 R f
( 2 words of)3 452(no Join)1 866 2 1122 1200 t
10 I f
(t)2465 1200 w
10 R f
(alternating literal and Roman.)3 1193 1 2518 1200 t
10 CW f
(.PD)720 1320 w
10 I f
(d)925 1320 w
10 R f
(no)1122 1320 w
10 I f
(d)1391 1320 w
10 R f
(=)1441 1320 w
10 CW f
(.4v)1497 1320 w
10 R f
(Interparagraph distance is)2 1030 1 1821 1320 t
10 I f
(d.)2876 1320 w
10 CW f
(.PP)720 1440 w
10 R f
( prevailing indent to default.)4 1135( Set)1 178( paragraph.)1 448(yes Begin)1 938 4 1122 1440 t
10 CW f
(.RE)720 1560 w
10 R f
( prevailing indent to amount of starting)6 1566( Set)1 178( of relative indent.)3 732(yes End)1 860 4 1122 1560 t
10 CW f
(.RS)4483 1560 w
10 R f
(.)4663 1560 w
10 CW f
(.RF)720 1680 w
10 I f
(t)925 1680 w
10 R f
(no)1122 1680 w
10 I f
(t)1391 1680 w
10 R f
( words of)2 377(=n.t.l. Join)1 569 2 1419 1680 t
10 I f
(t)2390 1680 w
10 R f
(alternating Roman and file name.)4 1334 1 2443 1680 t
10 CW f
(.RI)720 1800 w
10 I f
(t)925 1800 w
10 R f
(no)1122 1800 w
10 I f
(t)1391 1800 w
10 R f
( words of)2 377(=n.t.l. Join)1 569 2 1419 1800 t
10 I f
(t)2390 1800 w
10 R f
(alternating Roman and italic.)3 1160 1 2443 1800 t
10 CW f
(.RL)720 1920 w
10 I f
(t)925 1920 w
10 R f
( 2 or 3 words of)5 635(no Join)1 866 2 1122 1920 t
10 I f
(t)2648 1920 w
10 R f
(alternating Roman and literal.)3 1193 1 2701 1920 t
10 CW f
(.RS)720 2040 w
10 I f
(i)932 2040 w
10 R f
(yes)1129 2040 w
10 I f
(i)1398 2040 w
10 R f
( left margin in distance)4 953( relative indent, move)3 892(=p.i. Start)1 591 3 1426 2040 t
10 I f
(i.)3895 2040 w
10 R f
(Set prevailing indent to default for)5 1419 1 3981 2040 t
(nested indents.)1 594 1 1821 2160 t
10 CW f
(.SH)720 2280 w
10 I f
(t)925 2280 w
10 R f
(yes)1122 2280 w
10 I f
(t)1391 2280 w
10 R f
( reset paragraph distance.)3 1013(="" Subhead;)1 774 2 1419 2280 t
10 CW f
(.SM)720 2400 w
10 I f
(t)925 2400 w
10 R f
(no)1122 2400 w
10 I f
(t)1391 2400 w
10 R f
(=n.t.l. Text)1 585 1 1419 2400 t
10 I f
(t)2029 2400 w
10 R f
(is small.)1 334 1 2082 2400 t
10 CW f
(.SS)720 2520 w
10 I f
(t)925 2520 w
10 R f
(no)1122 2520 w
10 I f
(t)1391 2520 w
10 R f
( subhead.)1 377(="" Secondary)1 823 2 1419 2520 t
10 CW f
(.TF)720 2640 w
10 I f
(s)925 2640 w
10 R f
( indent is wide as string)5 947(yes Prevailing)1 1110 2 1122 2640 t
10 I f
(s)3204 2640 w
10 R f
(in font)1 264 1 3268 2640 t
10 CW f
(L)3557 2640 w
10 R f
(; paragraph distance is 0.)4 995 1 3617 2640 t
10 CW f
(.TH)720 2760 w
10 I f
(n c x)2 192 1 927 2760 t
10 R f
( page named)2 508(yes Begin)1 938 2 1128 2760 t
10 I f
(n)2601 2760 w
10 R f
(of chapter)1 404 1 2678 2760 t
10 I f
(c; x)1 149 1 3110 2760 t
10 R f
( Set)1 181(is extra commentary, e.g. `local', for page head.)7 1932 2 3287 2760 t
(prevailing indent and tabs to default.)5 1465 1 1821 2880 t
10 CW f
(.TP)720 3000 w
10 I f
(i)931 3000 w
10 R f
(yes)1128 3000 w
10 I f
(i)1397 3000 w
10 R f
( indent to)2 392( prevailing)1 436(=p.i. Set)1 530 3 1425 3000 t
10 I f
(i.)2815 3000 w
10 R f
(Restore default indent if)3 989 1 2900 3000 t
10 I f
(i)3921 3000 w
10 R f
( indented paragraph with)3 1016(=0. Begin)1 427 2 3957 3000 t
( tag doesn't fit, place it on separate line.)8 1597( If)1 116(hanging tag given by next text line.)6 1413 3 1821 3120 t
10 CW f
(.1C)720 3240 w
10 R f
( columns and return to 1\255column output)6 1588(yes Equalize)1 1048 2 1122 3240 t
10 CW f
(.2C)720 3360 w
10 R f
( 2\255column nofill output)3 931(yes Start)1 888 2 1122 3360 t
(* n.t.l. = next text line; p.i. = prevailing indent)9 1851 1 720 3528 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3696 t
10 R f
(There's no way to fool)4 929 1 1080 3816 t
10 I f
(troff)2040 3816 w
10 R f
(into handling literal double quote marks)5 1632 1 2244 3816 t
10 CW f
(")3907 3816 w
10 R f
(in font\255alternation macros, such as)4 1402 1 3998 3816 t
10 CW f
(.BI)1080 3936 w
10 R f
(.)1260 3936 w
( direct way to suppress column widows in 2\255column output; the column lengths may be adjusted)15 3871(There is no)2 449 2 1080 4056 t
(by inserting)1 475 1 1080 4176 t
10 CW f
(.sp)1580 4176 w
10 R f
(requests before the closing)3 1067 1 1785 4176 t
10 CW f
(.1C)2877 4176 w
10 R f
(.)3057 4176 w
( 378)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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405 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( MAP)1 4183(MAP \( 6 \))3 357 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(map)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1277 1080 w
10 R f
(digitized map formats)2 877 1 1367 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
(Files used by)2 528 1 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(map)1633 1368 w
10 R f
(\(7\) are a sequence of structures of the form:)8 1744 1 1813 1368 t
10 CW f
(struct {)1 480 1 1080 1536 t
(signed char patchlatitude;)2 1560 1 1440 1656 t
(signed char patchlongitude;)2 1620 1 1440 1776 t
(short n;)1 480 1 1440 1896 t
(union {)1 420 1 1440 2016 t
(struct {)1 480 1 1800 2136 t
(short latitude;)1 900 1 2160 2256 t
(short longitude;)1 960 1 2160 2376 t
(} point[n];)1 660 1 1800 2496 t
(struct {)1 480 1 1800 2616 t
(short latitude;)1 900 1 2160 2736 t
(short longitude;)1 960 1 2160 2856 t
(struct {)1 480 1 2160 2976 t
(signed char latdiff;)2 1200 1 2520 3096 t
(signed char londiff;)2 1200 1 2520 3216 t
(} point[)1 480 1 2160 3336 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2640 3336 w
10 CW f
(n];)2705 3336 w
(} highres;)1 600 1 1800 3456 t
(} segment;)1 600 1 1440 3576 t
(};)1080 3696 w
10 R f
(where)1080 3816 w
10 CW f
(short)1348 3816 w
10 R f
(stands for 16\255bit integers and there is no padding within or between)11 2699 1 1673 3816 t
10 CW f
(structs.)4397 3816 w
10 R f
(Fields)1080 3984 w
10 CW f
(patchlatitude)1374 3984 w
10 R f
(and)2203 3984 w
10 CW f
(patchlongitude)2396 3984 w
10 R f
( 10\255degree by 10\255degree patch of the)6 1617(tell to what)2 498 2 3285 3984 t
( values range from)3 760( Their)1 271(earth's surface a segment belongs.)4 1391 3 1080 4104 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3532 4104 w
10 R f
(9 to 8 and from)4 636 1 3597 4104 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4263 4104 w
10 R f
( respectively, and)2 709(18 to 17,)2 363 2 4328 4104 t
(indicate the coordinates of the southeast corner of the patch in units of 10 degrees.)14 3285 1 1080 4224 t
(Each segment of)2 681 1 1080 4392 t
10 S f
(\357)1794 4392 w
10 CW f
(n)1843 4392 w
10 S f
(\357)1903 4392 w
10 R f
( and)1 178( Latitude)1 392( consecutive segments are not necessarily related.)6 2035(points is connected;)2 810 4 1985 4392 t
( If)1 118(longitude are measured in units of 0.0001 radian.)7 1975 2 1080 4512 t
10 CW f
(n)3200 4512 w
10 R f
(is negative, then differences to the first and succeed\255)8 2113 1 3287 4512 t
( to the north and longitude)5 1083( is counted positive)3 787( Latitude)1 387(ing points are measured in units of 0.00001 radian.)8 2063 4 1080 4632 t
(positive to the west.)3 800 1 1080 4752 t
( are ordered lexicographically by)4 1370(The patches)1 491 2 1080 4920 t
10 CW f
(patchlatitude)2979 4920 w
10 R f
(then)3797 4920 w
10 CW f
(patchlongitude)4007 4920 w
10 R f
( printable)1 393(. A)1 160 2 4847 4920 t
( each patch in a file named)6 1117(index to the first segment of)5 1169 2 1080 5040 t
10 I f
(data)3399 5040 w
10 R f
(is kept in an associated file named)6 1418 1 3610 5040 t
10 I f
(data)5061 5040 w
10 CW f
(.x)5247 5040 w
10 I f
(.)5375 5040 w
10 R f
( an index file contains)4 914(Each line of)2 496 2 1080 5160 t
10 CW f
(patchlatitude, patchlongitude)1 1713 1 2523 5160 t
10 R f
(and the byte position of the)5 1131 1 4269 5160 t
( the map file and the index file are ordered by patch latitude and longitude.)14 2986( Both)1 245(patch in the map file.)4 846 3 1080 5280 t
( assure porta\255)2 543( To)1 164( first, regardless of computer architecture.)5 1685(Shorts are stored in little\255endian order, low byte)7 1928 4 1080 5448 t
(bility,)1080 5568 w
10 I f
(map)1342 5568 w
10 R f
(accesses them bytewise.)2 967 1 1539 5568 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5736 t
10 I f
(map)1080 5856 w
10 R f
(\(7\))1260 5856 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 379)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( MPICTURES)1 3838(MPICTURES \( 6 \))3 702 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(mpictures)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1499 1080 w
10 R f
(picture inclusion macros)2 982 1 1589 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(troff \255mpictures)1 960 1 1080 1368 t
10 R f
([)2065 1368 w
10 I f
(options)2123 1368 w
10 R f
(])2443 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2501 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Mpictures)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(macros insert PostScript pictures into)4 1494 1 1510 1656 t
10 I f
(troff)3029 1656 w
10 R f
( macros are:)2 487( The)1 205(\(1\) documents.)1 599 3 3210 1656 t
10 CW f
(.BP)1080 1824 w
10 I f
(source height width position offset flags label)6 1824 1 1293 1824 t
10 R f
( arguments, represented by)3 1111( Null)1 240(Define a frame and place a picture in it.)8 1677 3 1440 1944 t
10 CW f
("")4505 1944 w
10 R f
(, are interpreted as)3 775 1 4625 1944 t
( arguments are:)2 615(defaults. The)1 546 2 1440 2064 t
10 I f
(source)1440 2232 w
10 R f
( with \()2 283(Name of a PostScript picture file, optionally suffixed)7 2190 2 1800 2232 t
10 I f
(n)4281 2232 w
10 R f
(\) to select page number)4 975 1 4339 2232 t
10 I f
(n)5350 2232 w
10 R f
(from the file \(first page by default\).)6 1416 1 1800 2352 t
10 I f
(height)1440 2472 w
10 R f
(Vertical size of the frame, default)5 1340 1 1800 2472 t
10 CW f
(3.0i)3165 2472 w
10 R f
(.)3405 2472 w
10 I f
(width)1440 2592 w
10 R f
(Horizontal size of the frame, current line length by default.)9 2353 1 1800 2592 t
10 I f
(position)1440 2712 w
10 CW f
(l)1800 2712 w
10 R f
(\(default\),)1885 2712 w
10 CW f
(c)2278 2712 w
10 R f
(, or)1 133 1 2338 2712 t
10 CW f
(r)2496 2712 w
10 R f
(to left\255justify, center, or right\255justify the frame.)6 1883 1 2581 2712 t
10 I f
(offset)1440 2832 w
10 R f
(Move the frame horizontally from the original)6 1847 1 1800 2832 t
10 I f
(position)3672 2832 w
10 R f
(by this amount, default)3 922 1 4020 2832 t
10 CW f
(0i)4967 2832 w
10 R f
(.)5087 2832 w
10 I f
(flags)1440 2952 w
10 R f
(One or more of:)3 640 1 1800 2952 t
10 CW f
(a)1800 3072 w
10 I f
(d)1868 3072 w
10 R f
(Rotate the picture clockwise)3 1134 1 2160 3072 t
10 I f
(d)3319 3072 w
10 R f
(degrees, default)1 631 1 3394 3072 t
10 I f
(d)4050 3072 w
10 R f
(=90.)4108 3072 w
10 CW f
(o)1800 3192 w
10 R f
(Outline the picture with a box.)5 1221 1 2160 3192 t
10 CW f
(s)1800 3312 w
10 R f
(Freely scale both picture dimensions.)4 1490 1 2160 3312 t
10 CW f
(w)1800 3432 w
10 R f
(White out the area to be occupied by the picture.)9 1940 1 2160 3432 t
10 CW f
(l)1800 3552 w
10 R f
(,)1860 3552 w
10 CW f
(r)1885 3552 w
10 R f
(,)1945 3552 w
10 CW f
(t)1970 3552 w
10 R f
(,)2030 3552 w
10 CW f
(b)2055 3552 w
10 R f
(Attach the picture to the left right, top, or bottom of the frame.)12 2494 1 2160 3552 t
10 I f
(label)1440 3672 w
10 R f
(Place)1800 3672 w
10 I f
(label)2041 3672 w
10 R f
(at distance)1 424 1 2266 3672 t
10 CW f
(1.5v)2715 3672 w
10 R f
(below the frame.)2 673 1 2980 3672 t
(If there's room,)2 635 1 1440 3840 t
10 CW f
(.BP)2106 3840 w
10 R f
( for either side of the frame)6 1133( destined)1 364( Everything)1 500(fills text around the frame.)4 1086 4 2317 3840 t
( a diversion to be retrieved when the accumulated text sweeps past the trap set by)15 3276(goes into)1 367 2 1440 3960 t
10 CW f
(.BP)5110 3960 w
10 R f
(or)5317 3960 w
(when the diversion is explicitly closed by)6 1660 1 1440 4080 t
10 CW f
(.EP)3125 4080 w
10 R f
(.)3305 4080 w
10 CW f
(.PI)1080 4248 w
10 I f
(source height)1 541 1 1293 4248 t
10 CW f
(,)1842 4248 w
10 I f
(width)1910 4248 w
10 CW f
(,)2141 4248 w
10 I f
(yoffset)2209 4248 w
10 B f
(,)2470 4248 w
10 I f
(xoffset flags.)1 506 1 2495 4248 t
10 R f
(This low\255level macro, used by)4 1256 1 1440 4368 t
10 CW f
(.BP)2732 4368 w
10 R f
( two arguments not)3 802( The)1 216(, can help do more complex things.)6 1470 3 2912 4368 t
(already described are:)2 874 1 1440 4488 t
10 I f
(xoffset)1440 4656 w
10 R f
(Offset the frame from the left margin by this amount, default)10 2432 1 1800 4656 t
10 CW f
(0i)4257 4656 w
10 R f
(.)4377 4656 w
10 I f
(yoffset)1440 4776 w
10 R f
(Offset the frame from the current baseline, measuring positive downward, default)10 3259 1 1800 4776 t
10 CW f
(0i)5084 4776 w
10 R f
(.)5204 4776 w
10 CW f
(.EP)1080 4944 w
10 R f
(End a picture started by)4 948 1 1440 4944 t
10 CW f
(.BP)2413 4944 w
10 R f
(;)2593 4944 w
10 CW f
(.EP)2646 4944 w
10 R f
(is usually called implicitly by a trap at frame bottom.)9 2121 1 2851 4944 t
( no)1 136( If)1 127( file lacks page\255delimiting comments, the entire file is included.)9 2649(If a PostScript)2 592 4 1080 5112 t
10 CW f
(%%BoundingBox)4620 5112 w
10 R f
( fill an 8.5)3 426(comment is present, the picture is assumed to)7 1857 2 1080 5232 t
10 S f
(\264)3363 5232 w
10 R f
( prevents the picture from)4 1051( Nothing)1 383(11\255inch page.)1 548 3 3418 5232 t
(being placed off the page.)4 1033 1 1080 5352 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5520 t
10 I f
(troff)1080 5640 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1261 5640 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 5808 t
10 R f
(A picture file that can't be read by the PostScript postprocessor is replaced by white space.)15 3626 1 1080 5928 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6096 t
10 R f
( disappear if a diversion trap set by)7 1407(A picture and associated text silently)5 1473 2 1080 6216 t
10 CW f
(.BP)3986 6216 w
10 R f
( Call)1 218(isn't reached.)1 538 2 4192 6216 t
10 CW f
(.EP)4974 6216 w
10 R f
(at the)1 220 1 5180 6216 t
(end of the document to retrieve it.)6 1356 1 1080 6336 t
( made to the line length and indent when text is being)11 2184(Macros in other packages may break the adjustments)7 2136 2 1080 6456 t
(placed around a picture.)3 958 1 1080 6576 t
(A missing or improper)3 908 1 1080 6696 t
10 CW f
(%%BoundingBox)2013 6696 w
10 R f
(comment may cause the frame to be filled incorrectly.)8 2159 1 2818 6696 t
( 380)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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407 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( MPM)1 4166(MPM \( 6 \))3 374 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(mpm, mspe)1 467 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1572 1080 w
10 R f
(macros for page makeup)3 983 1 1662 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(troff \255mpm)1 600 1 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1705 1368 t
10 CW f
(troff \255mspe)1 660 1 1080 1536 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1765 1536 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 R f
(These)1080 1824 w
10 I f
(troff)1344 1824 w
10 R f
(\(1\) macros, largely compatible with)4 1432 1 1525 1824 t
10 I f
(ms)2983 1824 w
10 R f
( silently invoke and provide)4 1124( They)1 257(\(6\), make better pages.)3 917 3 3102 1824 t
( by)1 127(information to a postprocessor that moves floating figures, avoids widows, and justifies pages vertically)13 4193 2 1080 1944 t
(stretching vertical spaces that result from)5 1804 1 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(.PP)2941 2064 w
10 R f
(,)3121 2064 w
10 CW f
(.LP)3203 2064 w
10 R f
(,)3383 2064 w
10 CW f
(.IP)3465 2064 w
10 R f
(,)3645 2064 w
10 CW f
(.QP)3727 2064 w
10 R f
(,)3907 2064 w
10 CW f
(.SH)3990 2064 w
10 R f
(,)4170 2064 w
10 CW f
(.NH)4253 2064 w
10 R f
(,)4433 2064 w
10 CW f
(.DS)4516 2064 w
10 R f
(/)4696 2064 w
10 CW f
(.DE)4724 2064 w
10 R f
(,)4904 2064 w
10 CW f
(.EQ)4987 2064 w
10 R f
(/)5167 2064 w
10 CW f
(.EN)5195 2064 w
10 R f
(,)5375 2064 w
10 CW f
(.TS)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(/)1260 2184 w
10 CW f
(.TE)1288 2184 w
10 R f
(,)1468 2184 w
10 CW f
(.PS)1518 2184 w
10 R f
(/)1698 2184 w
10 CW f
(.PE)1726 2184 w
10 R f
(,)1906 2184 w
10 CW f
(.P1)1956 2184 w
10 R f
(/)2136 2184 w
10 CW f
(.P2)2164 2184 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 2344 2184 t
10 CW f
(.QS)2563 2184 w
10 R f
(/)2743 2184 w
10 CW f
(.QE)2771 2184 w
10 R f
( packages support different styles:)4 1364(. The)1 230 2 2951 2184 t
(\255mpm generic)1 653 1 1080 2352 t
10 CW f
(\255mspe)1080 2520 w
10 I f
(Software)1440 2520 w
10 S1 f
(\320)1796 2520 w
10 I f
(Practice and Experience)2 986 1 1896 2520 t
10 R f
(The following macros are different from or not part of)9 2164 1 1080 2688 t
10 CW f
(\255ms)3269 2688 w
10 R f
( denoted)1 341(. Values)1 352 2 3449 2688 t
10 I f
(n)4167 2688 w
10 R f
(have default value)2 731 1 4242 2688 t
10 CW f
(1v)4998 2688 w
10 R f
(.)5118 2688 w
10 CW f
(.BP)1080 2856 w
10 R f
(Begin a new page.)3 737 1 1440 2856 t
10 CW f
(.FL)1080 2976 w
10 R f
(Flush: force out previous keeps.)4 1279 1 1440 2976 t
10 CW f
(.FC)1080 3096 w
10 R f
(Finish a two\255column region and start a new one.)8 1928 1 1440 3096 t
10 CW f
(.KF)1080 3216 w
10 I f
(m)1311 3216 w
10 R f
( preferred center at vertical position)5 1521(Floating keep, with)2 811 2 1458 3216 t
10 I f
(m)3834 3216 w
10 R f
( values)1 299(. Special)1 388 2 3914 3216 t
10 CW f
(top)4645 3216 w
10 R f
(\(default\) and)1 531 1 4869 3216 t
10 CW f
(bottom)1440 3336 w
10 R f
(are permitted.)1 554 1 1825 3336 t
10 CW f
(.NE)1080 3456 w
10 I f
(n)1293 3456 w
10 R f
(Start new page if remaining vertical space on this page is less than)12 2651 1 1440 3456 t
10 I f
(n .)1 100 1 4116 3456 t
10 CW f
(.P1)1080 3576 w
10 R f
(Begin a program display \(Courier font\).)5 1592 1 1440 3576 t
10 CW f
(.P2)1080 3696 w
10 R f
(End a program display.)3 932 1 1440 3696 t
10 CW f
(.P3)1080 3816 w
10 R f
(Insert optional break point in program display.)6 1862 1 1440 3816 t
10 CW f
(.SP)1080 3936 w
10 I f
(n)1293 3936 w
10 CW f
(exactly)1376 3936 w
(.SP)1080 4056 w
10 I f
(n)1293 4056 w
10 R f
(Insert vertical space of height)4 1180 1 1440 4056 t
10 I f
(n,)2645 4056 w
10 R f
(stretchable unless)1 707 1 2745 4056 t
10 CW f
(exactly)3477 4056 w
10 R f
(is present.)1 405 1 3922 4056 t
10 CW f
(.Tm)1080 4176 w
10 I f
(text)1293 4176 w
10 R f
(Place page number and)3 928 1 1440 4296 t
10 I f
(text)2393 4296 w
10 R f
(on the standard error output.)4 1134 1 2562 4296 t
10 CW f
(.X)1080 4416 w
10 I f
(text)1233 4416 w
10 R f
(Present)1440 4416 w
10 I f
(text)1764 4416 w
10 R f
( of a device\255dependent output sequence)5 1606(to the hidden page\255makeup program as part)6 1765 2 1938 4416 t
10 CW f
(x)5340 4416 w
(X)1440 4536 w
10 I f
(text)1525 4536 w
10 R f
( to)1 103(. Equivalent)1 508 2 1677 4536 t
10 CW f
(\\X')2313 4536 w
10 I f
(text)2501 4536 w
10 CW f
(')2653 4536 w
10 I f
(.)2721 4536 w
10 R f
(Useful number registers:)2 987 1 1080 4704 t
10 CW f
(HM)1080 4824 w
10 R f
(Header margin; default 1 inch.)4 1222 1 1440 4824 t
10 CW f
(FM)1080 4944 w
10 R f
(Footer margin; default 1 inch.)4 1196 1 1440 4944 t
10 CW f
(FO)1080 5064 w
10 R f
(Footer position; default 10 inches.)4 1369 1 1440 5064 t
10 CW f
(%#)1080 5184 w
10 R f
(Page number of current page.)4 1177 1 1440 5184 t
10 CW f
(dP)1080 5304 w
10 R f
(,)1200 5304 w
10 CW f
(dV)1225 5304 w
10 R f
(Shrinkage of point size and vertical spacing for)7 1888 1 1440 5304 t
10 CW f
(.P1)3353 5304 w
10 R f
(, in points.)2 423 1 3533 5304 t
(Useful strings:)1 586 1 1080 5472 t
10 CW f
(%e)1080 5592 w
10 R f
(,)1200 5592 w
10 CW f
(%o)1225 5592 w
10 R f
(Even and odd page title commands, as)6 1534 1 1440 5592 t
10 CW f
(.tl '''')1 480 1 2999 5592 t
10 R f
(.)3479 5592 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 5760 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tmac/tmac.pm)1080 5880 w
(/$cputype/bin/aux/pm)1080 6000 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6168 t
10 I f
(ms)1080 6288 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)1199 6288 w
10 I f
(troff)1365 6288 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1546 6288 w
( Wyk, `The)2 463(B. W. Kernighan and C. J. Van)6 1260 2 1080 6408 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2831 6408 w
10 R f
(mpm Macro Package', UNIX Research System Programmer's)6 2504 1 2896 6408 t
(Manual, Volume 2)2 752 1 1080 6528 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6696 t
10 R f
(These features of)2 686 1 1080 6816 t
10 CW f
(\255ms)1791 6816 w
10 R f
(are missing:)1 486 1 1996 6816 t
(Document styles other than the default)5 1545 1 1440 6936 t
10 CW f
(.RP)3010 6936 w
10 R f
(.)3190 6936 w
( it with)2 284( Recover)1 382(Space between front matter and first paragraph.)6 1897 3 1440 7056 t
10 CW f
(.SP 2)1 300 1 4028 7056 t
10 R f
(.)4328 7056 w
(Separating rule above footnotes.)3 1292 1 1440 7176 t
(Keeps assigned to a separate page.)5 1379 1 1440 7296 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 381)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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408 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( MPM)1 4166(MPM \( 6 \))3 374 3 720 480 t
(Pages with more than two columns.)5 1427 1 1440 960 t
10 I f
(Troff)1080 1080 w
10 R f
(option)1306 1080 w
10 CW f
(\255o)1587 1080 w
10 R f
(doesn't work with)2 727 1 1732 1080 t
10 CW f
(\255mpm)2484 1080 w
10 R f
(because only the postprocessor knows the page numbers.)7 2279 1 2749 1080 t
( 382)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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409 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( MS)1 4255(MS \( 6 \))3 285 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(ms)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1222 1080 w
10 R f
(macros for formatting manuscripts)3 1384 1 1312 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(nroff)1080 1368 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1440 1368 w
10 CW f
(ms)1505 1368 w
10 R f
([)1650 1368 w
10 I f
(options)1708 1368 w
10 R f
(])2028 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2086 1368 t
10 CW f
(troff)1080 1488 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1440 1488 w
10 CW f
(ms)1505 1488 w
10 R f
([)1650 1488 w
10 I f
(options)1708 1488 w
10 R f
(])2028 1488 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2086 1488 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 R f
(This package of)2 667 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(nroff)1787 1776 w
10 R f
(and)2022 1776 w
10 I f
(troff)2206 1776 w
10 R f
(\(1\) macro definitions provides a canned formatting facility for technical)9 3013 1 2387 1776 t
(papers in various formats.)3 1037 1 1080 1896 t
( Many)1 292(The macro requests are defined below.)5 1590 2 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(nroff)2996 2064 w
10 R f
(and)3225 2064 w
10 I f
(troff)3403 2064 w
10 R f
( unsafe in conjunction with this)5 1308(requests are)1 482 2 3610 2064 t
( first)1 191(package, but the following requests may be used with impunity after the)11 2951 2 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(.PP)4252 2184 w
10 R f
(:)4432 2184 w
10 CW f
(.bp)4490 2184 w
10 R f
(,)4670 2184 w
10 CW f
(.br)4725 2184 w
10 R f
(,)4905 2184 w
10 CW f
(.sp)4960 2184 w
10 R f
(,)5140 2184 w
10 CW f
(.ls)5195 2184 w
10 R f
(,)5375 2184 w
10 CW f
(.na)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(.)1260 2304 w
(Output of the)2 569 1 1080 2472 t
10 I f
(eqn)1692 2472 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1844 2472 w
10 I f
(tbl)2028 2472 w
10 R f
(\(1\), and)1 328 1 2142 2472 t
10 I f
(pic)2513 2472 w
10 R f
( for equations, tables, pictures, and references is)7 2050(\(1\) preprocessors)1 707 2 2643 2472 t
(acceptable as input.)2 784 1 1080 2592 t
(Diacritical marks may be applied to letters, as in these examples:)10 2593 1 1080 2760 t
10 CW f
(\\*`e \\*`a \\*'e \\*^e \\*^o \\*:u \\*~n \\*,c \\*vc)8 3120 1 1440 2928 t
10 R f
( o)1 11( \223)1 355( e)1 5( \223)1 355( e)1 -6( \264)1 366( a)1 -6( \221)1 366(\221 e)1 27 9 1457 3048 t
(. .)1 45 1 3246 2988 t
( c)1 19( ,)1 335( n)1 11(u \224)1 399 4 3240 3048 t
6 R f
(v)4331 2988 w
10 R f
(c)4320 3048 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3216 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tmac/tmac.s)1080 3336 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3504 t
10 R f
(M. E. Lesk, `Typing Documents on the UNIX System: Using the)10 2631 1 1080 3624 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3739 3624 w
10 R f
( Unix)1 229(ms Macros with Troff and Nroff',)5 1367 2 3804 3624 t
(Research System Programmer's Manual, Volume 2)5 2058 1 1080 3744 t
10 I f
(eqn)1080 3864 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1232 3864 w
10 I f
(troff)1398 3864 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1579 3864 w
10 I f
(tbl)1745 3864 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1859 3864 w
10 I f
(pic)2025 3864 w
10 R f
(\(1\))2155 3864 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( TS)1 52( ST)1 57( ES)1 52( QU UE)2 124( EQ)1 67(R RE)1 117 7 720 4032 t
10 R f
( Cause Explanation)2 777(Request Initial)1 655 2 720 4152 t
(Value Break)1 502 1 1136 4272 t
10 CW f
(.1C)720 4392 w
10 R f
( column format on a new page.)6 1239( One)1 302(yes yes)1 397 3 1136 4392 t
10 CW f
(.2C)720 4512 w
10 R f
( column format.)2 641( Two)1 319(no yes)1 397 3 1136 4512 t
10 CW f
(.AB)720 4632 w
10 R f
( abstract.)1 360( Begin)1 375(no yes)1 397 3 1136 4632 t
10 CW f
(.AE)720 4752 w
10 R f
( abstract.)1 360( End)1 297(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 4752 t
10 CW f
(.AI)720 4872 w
10 R f
( in)1 103( Suppressed)1 505( institution follows.)2 782( Author's)1 491(no yes)1 397 5 1136 4872 t
10 CW f
(.TM)3439 4872 w
10 R f
(.)3619 4872 w
10 CW f
(.AT)720 4992 w
10 R f
( `Attached' and turn off line filling.)6 1417( Print)1 331(no yes)1 397 3 1136 4992 t
10 CW f
(.AU)720 5112 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 925 5112 t
10 R f
( name follows.)2 591( Author's)1 491(no yes)1 397 3 1136 5112 t
10 I f
(x)2665 5112 w
10 R f
(is location and)2 583 1 2742 5112 t
10 I f
(y)3358 5112 w
10 R f
(is extension, ignored except in)4 1218 1 3435 5112 t
10 CW f
(TM)4678 5112 w
10 R f
(.)4798 5112 w
10 CW f
(.B)720 5232 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 865 5232 t
10 R f
( Print)1 364(no no)1 364 2 1136 5232 t
10 I f
(x)1889 5232 w
10 R f
(in boldface, append)2 784 1 1958 5232 t
10 I f
(y)2767 5232 w
10 R f
(; if no argument switch to boldface.)6 1423 1 2819 5232 t
10 CW f
(.B1)720 5352 w
10 R f
( text to be enclosed in a box.)7 1143( Begin)1 375(no yes)1 397 3 1136 5352 t
10 CW f
(.B2)720 5472 w
10 R f
( boxed text.)2 469( End)1 297(no yes)1 397 3 1136 5472 t
10 CW f
(.BI)720 5592 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 925 5592 t
10 R f
( Print)1 364(no no)1 364 2 1136 5592 t
10 I f
(x)1889 5592 w
10 R f
(in bold italic and append)4 988 1 1958 5592 t
10 I f
(y)2971 5592 w
10 R f
(; if no argument switch to bold italic.)7 1483 1 3023 5592 t
10 CW f
(.BT)720 5712 w
10 R f
( be redefined.)2 545( May)1 233( title, automatically invoked at foot of page.)7 1751( Bottom)1 470(date no)1 364 5 1136 5712 t
10 CW f
(.BX)720 5832 w
10 I f
(x)925 5832 w
10 R f
( Print)1 364(no no)1 364 2 1136 5832 t
10 I f
(x)1889 5832 w
10 R f
(in a box.)2 347 1 1958 5832 t
10 CW f
(.CW)720 5952 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 925 5952 t
10 R f
( width font \(Courier\) for)4 976( Constant)1 525(no no)1 364 3 1136 5952 t
10 I f
(x)3026 5952 w
10 R f
(, append)1 338 1 3078 5952 t
10 I f
(y)3441 5952 w
10 R f
(; if no argument switch to CW.)6 1241 1 3493 5952 t
10 CW f
(.CT)720 6072 w
10 R f
( `Copies to' and turn off line filling.)7 1438( Print)1 331(no yes)1 397 3 1136 6072 t
10 CW f
(.DA)720 6192 w
10 I f
(x)925 6192 w
10 R f
( line' at bottom of page is)6 1027( `Date)1 390(nroff no)1 364 3 1136 6192 t
10 I f
(x)2942 6192 w
10 R f
( is today.)2 364(. Default)1 374 2 2994 6192 t
10 CW f
(.DE)720 6312 w
10 R f
( Implies)1 350( displayed text.)2 608( End)1 297(\255 yes)1 397 4 1136 6312 t
10 CW f
(.KE)2813 6312 w
10 R f
(.)2993 6312 w
10 CW f
(.DS)720 6432 w
10 I f
(x)929 6432 w
10 R f
( line\255by\255line:)1 524( of displayed text, to appear verbatim)6 1513( Start)1 325(no yes)1 397 4 1140 6432 t
10 CW f
(I)3929 6432 w
10 R f
(indented \(default\),)1 742 1 4019 6432 t
10 CW f
(L)4791 6432 w
10 R f
(left\255justified,)4881 6432 w
10 CW f
(C)1669 6552 w
10 R f
(centered,)1754 6552 w
10 CW f
(B)2141 6552 w
10 R f
( Implies)1 350(\(block\) centered with straight left margin.)5 1669 2 2226 6552 t
10 CW f
(.KS)4270 6552 w
10 R f
(.)4450 6552 w
10 CW f
(.EG)720 6672 w
10 R f
( be first.)2 330( Must)1 256( document in BTL format for `Engineer's Notes.')7 1974( Print)1 431(no \255)1 297 5 1136 6672 t
10 CW f
(.EN)720 6792 w
10 R f
( after equation produced by)4 1097( Space)1 374(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 6792 t
10 I f
(neqn)3029 6792 w
10 R f
(or)3248 6792 w
10 I f
(eqn)3356 6792 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)3508 6792 w
10 CW f
(.EQ)720 6912 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 925 6912 t
10 R f
( number is)2 422( Equation)1 411( equation.)1 394( Display)1 447(\255 yes)1 397 5 1136 6912 t
10 I f
(y)3232 6912 w
10 R f
(. Optional)1 425 1 3284 6912 t
10 I f
(x)3734 6912 w
10 R f
(is)3803 6912 w
10 CW f
(I)3895 6912 w
10 R f
(,)3955 6912 w
10 CW f
(L)4005 6912 w
10 R f
(,)4065 6912 w
10 CW f
(C)4115 6912 w
10 R f
(as in)1 186 1 4200 6912 t
10 CW f
(.DS)4411 6912 w
10 R f
(.)4591 6912 w
10 CW f
(.FE)720 7032 w
10 R f
( footnote.)1 383( End)1 297(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 7032 t
10 CW f
(.FP)720 7152 w
10 I f
(x)925 7152 w
10 R f
( font positions for a family, e.g.,)6 1288( Set)1 297(\255 no)1 364 3 1136 7152 t
10 CW f
(.FP palatino)1 720 1 3110 7152 t
(.FS)720 7272 w
10 R f
( note will be moved to the bottom of the page.)10 1846( The)1 205( footnote.)1 383( Start)1 358(no no)1 364 5 1136 7272 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 383)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( MS)1 4255(MS \( 6 \))3 285 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(.HO)720 960 w
10 R f
( Laboratories, Holmdel, New Jersey 07733'.)5 1774( `Bell)1 369(\255 no)1 364 3 1136 960 t
10 CW f
(.I)720 1080 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 865 1080 t
10 R f
( Italicize)1 490(no no)1 364 2 1136 1080 t
10 I f
(x,)2015 1080 w
10 R f
(append)2109 1080 w
10 I f
(y)2422 1080 w
10 R f
(; if no argument switch to italic.)6 1280 1 2474 1080 t
10 CW f
(.IH)720 1200 w
10 R f
( Laboratories, Naperville, Illinois 60540')4 1642( `Bell)1 369(no no)1 364 3 1136 1200 t
10 CW f
(.IM)720 1320 w
10 R f
( be first.)2 330( Must)1 256( document in BTL format for an internal memorandum.)8 2222( Print)1 364(no no)1 364 5 1136 1320 t
10 CW f
(.IP)720 1440 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 925 1440 t
10 R f
( indented paragraph, with hanging tag)5 1514( Start)1 325(no yes)1 397 3 1136 1440 t
10 I f
(x)3397 1440 w
10 R f
( is)1 92(. Indentation)1 530 2 3449 1440 t
10 I f
(y)4096 1440 w
10 R f
(ens \(default 5\).)2 601 1 4165 1440 t
10 CW f
(.KE)720 1560 w
10 R f
( kept text on next page if not enough room.)9 1726( Put)1 184( keep.)1 238( End)1 297(\255 yes)1 397 5 1136 1560 t
10 CW f
(.KF)720 1680 w
10 R f
( text back to)3 512( the kept text must be moved to the next page, float later)12 2322( If)1 122( floating keep.)2 586( Start)1 325(no yes)1 397 6 1136 1680 t
(this page.)1 383 1 1669 1800 t
10 CW f
(.KS)720 1920 w
10 R f
( keeping following text.)3 955( Start)1 325(no yes)1 397 3 1136 1920 t
10 CW f
(.LG)720 2040 w
10 R f
( letters larger.)2 551( Make)1 396(no no)1 364 3 1136 2040 t
10 CW f
(.LP)720 2160 w
10 R f
( left\255blocked paragraph.)2 955( Start)1 325(yes yes)1 397 3 1136 2160 t
10 CW f
(.LT)720 2280 w
10 R f
( first argument produces a full AT&T letterhead, a second argu\255)10 2652( a letter; a non\255empty)4 890( Start)1 325(no yes)1 397 4 1136 2280 t
(ment is a room number, a third argument is a telephone number.)11 2566 1 1669 2400 t
10 CW f
(.MF)720 2520 w
10 R f
( be first.)2 330( Must)1 256( document in BTL format for `Memorandum for File.')8 2172( Print)1 431(\255 \255)1 297 5 1136 2520 t
10 CW f
(.MH)720 2640 w
10 R f
( Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974'.)6 1904( `Bell)1 369(\255 no)1 364 3 1136 2640 t
10 CW f
(.MR)720 2760 w
10 R f
( be first.)2 330( Must)1 256( document in BTL format for `Memorandum for Record.')8 2304( Print)1 431(\255 \255)1 297 5 1136 2760 t
10 CW f
(.ND)720 2880 w
10 I f
(date)925 2880 w
10 R f
( date supplied \(if any\) only in special BTL format positions; omit from page footer.)14 3333( Use)1 324(troff no)1 364 3 1136 2880 t
10 CW f
(.NH)720 3000 w
10 I f
(n)925 3000 w
10 R f
( as)1 108( Same)1 358(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 3000 t
10 CW f
(.SH)2024 3000 w
10 R f
( `1.2.3';)1 319( like)1 200(, with automatic section numbers)4 1324 3 2204 3000 t
10 I f
(n)4072 3000 w
10 R f
(is subsection level \(default 1\).)4 1201 1 4147 3000 t
10 CW f
(.NL)720 3120 w
10 R f
( letters normal size.)3 782( Make)1 396(yes no)1 364 3 1136 3120 t
10 CW f
(.P1)720 3240 w
10 R f
( program display in Courier font.)5 1321( Begin)1 375(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 3240 t
10 CW f
(.P2)720 3360 w
10 R f
( program display.)2 702( End)1 297(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 3360 t
10 CW f
(.PE)720 3480 w
10 R f
( picture; see)2 482( End)1 297(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 3480 t
10 I f
(pic)2337 3480 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)2467 3480 w
10 CW f
(.PF)720 3600 w
10 R f
( picture; restore vertical position.)4 1323( End)1 297(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 3600 t
10 CW f
(.PP)720 3720 w
10 R f
( line indented.)2 569( First)1 234( paragraph.)1 448( Begin)1 375(no yes)1 397 5 1136 3720 t
10 CW f
(.PS)720 3840 w
10 I f
(h w)1 142 1 925 3840 t
10 R f
( picture; height and width in inches.)6 1435( Start)1 325(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 3840 t
10 CW f
(.PY)720 3960 w
10 R f
( Laboratories, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854')5 1848( `Bell)1 369(\255 no)1 364 3 1136 3960 t
10 CW f
(.QE)720 4080 w
10 R f
( quoted material.)2 674( End)1 297(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 4080 t
10 CW f
(.QP)720 4200 w
10 R f
( quoted paragraph \(indent both margins\).)5 1636( Begin)1 375(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 4200 t
10 CW f
(.QS)720 4320 w
10 R f
( quoted material \(indent both margins\).)5 1565( Begin)1 375(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 4320 t
10 CW f
(.R)720 4440 w
10 R f
( text follows.)2 525( Roman)1 458(yes no)1 364 3 1136 4440 t
10 CW f
(.RE)720 4560 w
10 R f
( relative indent level.)3 843( End)1 297(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 4560 t
10 CW f
(.RP)720 4680 w
10 R f
( precede other requests.)3 941( Must)1 256( sheet and first page for released paper.)7 1561( Cover)1 480(no \255)1 297 5 1136 4680 t
10 CW f
(.RS)720 4800 w
10 R f
( level of relative indentation from which subsequent indentation is measured.)10 3082( Start)1 325(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 4800 t
10 CW f
(.SG)720 4920 w
10 I f
(x)942 4920 w
10 R f
( signature\(s\) of author\(s\), ignored except in)6 1834( Insert)1 363(no yes)1 397 3 1153 4920 t
10 CW f
(.TM)3789 4920 w
10 R f
(and)4011 4920 w
10 CW f
(.LT)4197 4920 w
10 R f
(.)4377 4920 w
10 I f
(x)4469 4920 w
10 R f
(is the reference line)3 837 1 4563 4920 t
(\(initials of author and typist\).)4 1169 1 1669 5040 t
10 CW f
(.SH)720 5160 w
10 R f
( head follows, font automatically bold.)5 1546( Section)1 436(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 5160 t
10 CW f
(.SM)720 5280 w
10 R f
( letters smaller.)2 613( Make)1 396(no no)1 364 3 1136 5280 t
10 CW f
(.TA)720 5400 w
10 I f
(x)925 5400 w
10 R f
( is 5 10 15 ...)5 517( Default)1 349( tabs in ens.)3 472( Set)1 297( no)1 239(... 5...)1 292 6 969 5400 t
10 CW f
(.TE)720 5520 w
10 R f
( table; see)2 399( End)1 297(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 5520 t
10 I f
(tbl)2254 5520 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)2368 5520 w
10 CW f
(.TH)720 5640 w
10 R f
( heading section of table.)4 1001( End)1 297(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 5640 t
10 CW f
(.TL)720 5760 w
10 R f
( follows.)1 350( Title)1 325(no yes)1 397 3 1136 5760 t
10 CW f
(.TM)720 5880 w
10 I f
(x)925 5880 w
10 R f
( are TM number, \(quoted)4 1014( Arguments)1 496( technical memorandum format.)3 1287( document in BTL)3 739( Print)1 431( \255)1 197(... no)1 267 7 969 5880 t
( precede other requests.)3 941( Must)1 256(list of\) case number\(s\), and file number.)6 1602 3 1669 6000 t
10 CW f
(.TR)720 6120 w
10 I f
(x)925 6120 w
10 R f
( in BTL technical report format; report number is)8 1969( Print)1 431(\255 \255)1 297 3 1136 6120 t
10 I f
(x)3858 6120 w
10 R f
( be first.)2 330(. Must)1 281 2 3902 6120 t
10 CW f
(.TS)720 6240 w
10 I f
(x)925 6240 w
10 R f
( table; if)2 333( Begin)1 375(\255 yes)1 397 3 1136 6240 t
10 I f
(x)2266 6240 w
10 R f
(is)2335 6240 w
10 CW f
(H)2427 6240 w
10 R f
(table heading is repeated on new pages.)6 1582 1 2512 6240 t
10 CW f
(.UL)720 6360 w
10 I f
(x)925 6360 w
10 R f
( argument \(even in troff\).)4 1011( Underline)1 568(\255 no)1 364 3 1136 6360 t
10 CW f
(.UX)720 6480 w
10 I f
(y z)1 108 1 925 6480 t
10 R f
( `)1 202(\255 no)1 364 2 1136 6480 t
10 I f
(z)1702 6480 w
10 R f
(UNIX)1741 6480 w
10 I f
(y)1990 6480 w
10 R f
('; first use gives registered trademark notice.)6 1782 1 2034 6480 t
10 CW f
(.WH)720 6600 w
10 R f
( Laboratories, Whippany, New Jersey 07981'.)5 1840( `Bell)1 369(\255 no)1 364 3 1136 6600 t
10 CW f
(.])720 6720 w
10 R f
( reference.)1 419( End)1 330(\255 no)1 364 3 1136 6720 t
( 384)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( NAMESPACE)1 3794(NAMESPACE \( 6 \))3 746 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(namespace)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1542 1080 w
10 R f
(name space description file)3 1089 1 1632 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
( from scratch, an operation normally performed by)7 2044(Namespace files describe how to construct a name space)8 2276 2 1080 1368 t
(the)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(newns)1244 1488 w
10 R f
(suboroutine \(see)1 673 1 1535 1488 t
10 I f
(auth)2249 1488 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) which is typically called by)5 1353 1 2435 1488 t
10 I f
(init)3829 1488 w
10 R f
( line specifies one name)4 1023(\(8\). Each)1 406 2 3971 1488 t
( quotes or escapes are recognized.)5 1411( and tabs separate arguments to operations; no)7 1914( Spaces)1 337(space operation.)1 658 4 1080 1608 t
( and lines with)3 607(Blank lines)1 461 2 1080 1728 t
10 CW f
(#)2180 1728 w
10 R f
( variables of the form)4 887( Environment)1 579(the first non\255space character are ignored.)5 1662 3 2272 1728 t
10 CW f
($)1080 1848 w
10 I f
(name)1148 1848 w
10 R f
(are expanded within arguments, where)4 1543 1 1389 1848 t
10 I f
(name)2957 1848 w
10 R f
(is a)1 136 1 3198 1848 t
9 R f
(UTF)3357 1848 w
10 R f
(string terminated by white space, a)5 1392 1 3552 1848 t
10 CW f
(/)4969 1848 w
10 R f
(, or a)2 202 1 5029 1848 t
10 CW f
($)5256 1848 w
10 R f
(.)5316 1848 w
(The known operations and their arguments are:)6 1885 1 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(mount)1080 2184 w
10 R f
([)1405 2184 w
10 CW f
(\255abct)1438 2184 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1738 2184 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1829 2184 w
10 I f
(server)1949 2184 w
10 R f
(])2198 2184 w
10 I f
(servename old)1 579 1 2256 2184 t
10 R f
([)2860 2184 w
10 I f
(spec)2893 2184 w
10 R f
(])3095 2184 w
(Mount)1440 2304 w
10 I f
(servename)1732 2304 w
10 R f
(on)2183 2304 w
10 I f
(old)2308 2304 w
10 R f
(.)2444 2304 w
10 CW f
(bind)1080 2472 w
10 R f
([)1345 2472 w
10 CW f
(\255abc)1378 2472 w
10 R f
(])1618 2472 w
10 I f
(new old)1 314 1 1701 2472 t
10 R f
(Bind)1440 2592 w
10 I f
(new)1660 2592 w
10 R f
(on)1846 2592 w
10 I f
(old)1971 2592 w
10 R f
(.)2107 2592 w
10 CW f
(import)1080 2760 w
10 R f
([)1465 2760 w
10 CW f
(\255abct)1498 2760 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1798 2760 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1889 2760 w
10 I f
(server)2009 2760 w
10 R f
(])2258 2760 w
10 I f
(host)2316 2760 w
10 R f
([)2508 2760 w
10 I f
(remotepath)2541 2760 w
10 R f
(])2996 2760 w
10 I f
(mountpoint)3054 2760 w
10 R f
(Import)1440 2880 w
10 I f
(remotepath)1737 2880 w
10 R f
(from machine)1 557 1 2217 2880 t
10 I f
(server)2799 2880 w
10 R f
(and attach it to)3 591 1 3073 2880 t
10 I f
(mountpoint.)3689 2880 w
10 CW f
(cd)1080 3048 w
10 I f
(dir)1233 3048 w
10 R f
(Change the working directory to)4 1298 1 1440 3048 t
10 I f
(dir)2763 3048 w
10 R f
(.)2888 3048 w
(The options for)2 616 1 1080 3216 t
10 I f
(bind, mount,)1 503 1 1721 3216 t
10 R f
(and)2249 3216 w
10 I f
(import)2418 3216 w
10 R f
(are interpreted as in)3 789 1 2710 3216 t
10 I f
(bind)3524 3216 w
10 R f
(\(1\) and)1 285 1 3710 3216 t
10 I f
(import)4020 3216 w
10 R f
(\(4\).)4295 3216 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3384 t
10 I f
(bind)1080 3504 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1266 3504 w
10 I f
(namespace)1432 3504 w
10 R f
(\(4\),)1883 3504 w
10 I f
(init)2049 3504 w
10 R f
(\(8\))2191 3504 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 385)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( NDB)1 4189(NDB \( 6 \))3 351 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(ndb)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1255 1080 w
10 R f
(Network database)1 717 1 1345 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
( files)1 205(The network database consists of the two)6 1689 2 1080 1368 t
10 CW f
(/lib/ndb/local)3007 1368 w
10 R f
(and)3880 1368 w
10 CW f
(/lib/ndb/global)4057 1368 w
10 R f
( files)1 205(. The)1 238 2 4957 1368 t
(comprise multi\255line entries made up of attribute/value pairs of the form)10 3016 1 1080 1488 t
10 I f
(attr)4137 1488 w
10 R f
(=)4290 1488 w
10 I f
(value)4354 1488 w
10 R f
( line starting)2 532(. Each)1 290 2 4578 1488 t
( starting with)2 528( Lines)1 272(without white space starts a new entry.)6 1550 3 1080 1608 t
10 CW f
(#)3455 1608 w
10 R f
(are comments.)1 582 1 3540 1608 t
(Within entries pairs on the same line bind tighter than pairs on different lines.)13 3102 1 1080 1776 t
(The program)1 534 1 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
(ndb/cs)1655 1944 w
10 R f
(\(see)2056 1944 w
10 I f
(ndb)2257 1944 w
10 R f
(\(8\)\) and the library routine)4 1132 1 2415 1944 t
10 CW f
(ipinfo)3589 1944 w
10 R f
(\(see)3991 1944 w
10 I f
(ndb)4193 1944 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) perform searches for)3 1049 1 4351 1944 t
(information relative to a particular host.)5 1707 1 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(Ndb/cs)2860 2064 w
10 R f
( the form)2 410(resolves meta\255addresses of)2 1115 2 3268 2064 t
10 CW f
($)4840 2064 w
10 I f
(attribute)4908 2064 w
10 R f
(by)5300 2064 w
(returning the)1 515 1 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(value)1622 2184 w
10 R f
(from the)1 343 1 1865 2184 t
10 I f
(attribute)2236 2184 w
10 CW f
(=)2589 2184 w
10 I f
(value)2657 2184 w
10 R f
( attribute\255value)1 610( The)1 208(most closely related to the resolving host.)6 1681 3 2901 2184 t
( network with the system entry having prece\255)7 1882(pair comes from the entry for the system, its subnet, or its)11 2438 2 1080 2304 t
(dence, subnet next, and network last.)5 1475 1 1080 2424 t
( are:)1 174( They)1 255(A number of attributes are meaningful to programs and thus reserved.)10 2786 3 1080 2592 t
10 CW f
(sys)1080 2760 w
10 R f
(system name)1 519 1 1800 2760 t
10 CW f
(dom)1080 2880 w
10 R f
(Internet domain name)2 876 1 1800 2880 t
10 CW f
(ip)1080 3000 w
10 R f
(Internet address)1 634 1 1800 3000 t
10 CW f
(ether)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(Ethernet address)1 662 1 1800 3120 t
10 CW f
(dk)1080 3240 w
10 R f
(Datakit address)1 618 1 1800 3240 t
10 CW f
(bootf)1080 3360 w
10 R f
(file to download for initial bootstrap)5 1452 1 1800 3360 t
10 CW f
(ipnet)1080 3480 w
10 R f
(Internet network name)2 903 1 1800 3480 t
10 CW f
(ipmask)1080 3600 w
10 R f
(Internet network mask)2 898 1 1800 3600 t
10 CW f
(ipgw)1080 3720 w
10 R f
(Internet gateway)1 667 1 1800 3720 t
10 CW f
(auth)1080 3840 w
10 R f
(authentication server to be used)4 1264 1 1800 3840 t
10 CW f
(fs)1080 3960 w
10 R f
(file server to be used)4 831 1 1800 3960 t
10 CW f
(tcp)1080 4080 w
10 R f
(a TCP service name)3 801 1 1800 4080 t
10 CW f
(udp)1080 4200 w
10 R f
(a UDP service name)3 817 1 1800 4200 t
10 CW f
(il)1080 4320 w
10 R f
(an IL service name)3 761 1 1800 4320 t
10 CW f
(port)1080 4440 w
10 R f
(a TCP, UDP, or IL port number)6 1271 1 1800 4440 t
10 CW f
(restricted)1080 4560 w
10 R f
(a TCP service that can be called only by ports numbered less that 1024)13 2832 1 1800 4560 t
10 CW f
(proto)1080 4680 w
10 R f
( pair)1 185( The)1 209(a protocol supported by a host.)5 1252 3 1800 4680 t
10 I f
(proto=il)3476 4680 w
10 R f
(is needed by)2 509 1 3847 4680 t
10 I f
(cs)4386 4680 w
10 R f
(\(see)4499 4680 w
10 I f
(ndb)4689 4680 w
10 R f
(\(8\)\) in entries)2 553 1 4847 4680 t
(for hosts that support the IL protocol.)6 1496 1 1800 4800 t
10 CW f
(9P)1080 4920 w
10 R f
( authenticates)1 582(parameters for the 9P file protocol, in particular whether the server)10 3018 2 1800 4920 t
(\()1800 5040 w
10 CW f
(9P=auth)1833 5040 w
10 R f
(\).)2253 5040 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 5208 t
10 R f
(An entry for the CPU server, spindle.)6 1492 1 1080 5328 t
10 CW f
(sys = spindle)2 780 1 1080 5496 t
(dom=spindle.research.att.com)1440 5616 w
(bootf=/mips/9powerboot)1440 5736 w
(ip=135.104.117.32 ether=080069020677)1 2160 1 1440 5856 t
(dk=nj/astro/spindle)1440 5976 w
(proto=il)1440 6096 w
10 R f
(Entries for the network)3 923 1 1080 6264 t
10 CW f
(mh\255astro\255net)2028 6264 w
10 R f
(and its subnets.)2 614 1 2773 6264 t
10 CW f
(ipnet=mh\255astro\255net ip=135.104.0.0 ipmask=255.255.255.0)2 3240 1 1080 6432 t
(fs=bootes.research.att.com)1440 6552 w
(ipgw=r70.research.att.com)1440 6672 w
(auth=p9auth.research.att.com)1440 6792 w
(ipnet=unix\255room ip=135.104.117.0)1 1920 1 1080 6912 t
(ipgw=135.104.117.1)1440 7032 w
(ipnet=third\255floor ip=135.104.51.0)1 1980 1 1080 7152 t
(ipgw=135.104.51.1)1440 7272 w
10 R f
( 386)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( NDB)1 4189(NDB \( 6 \))3 351 3 720 480 t
(Mappings between TCP service names and port numbers.)7 2302 1 1080 960 t
10 CW f
(tcp=sysmon port=401)1 1380 1 1080 1128 t
( restricted)1 780(tcp=rexec port=512)1 1380 2 1080 1248 t
(tcp=9fs port=564)1 1380 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 1536 t
10 CW f
(/lib/ndb/local)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(first database file searched)3 1060 1 1440 1776 t
10 CW f
(/lib/ndb/global)1080 1944 w
10 R f
(second database file searched)3 1176 1 1440 2064 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2232 t
10 I f
(dial)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1244 2352 w
10 I f
(ndb)1410 2352 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1568 2352 w
10 I f
(ndb)1734 2352 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1892 2352 w
10 I f
(bootp)2058 2352 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)2294 2352 w
10 I f
(ipconfig)2460 2352 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)2796 2352 w
10 I f
(con)2962 2352 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)3114 2352 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 387)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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414 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( PLOT)1 4150(PLOT \( 6 \))3 390 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(plot)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1261 1080 w
10 R f
(graphics interface)1 711 1 1351 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
(Files of this format are interpreted by)6 1504 1 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(plot)2611 1368 w
10 R f
( A)1 124(\(1\) to draw graphics on the screen.)6 1394 2 2775 1368 t
10 I f
(plot)4320 1368 w
10 R f
(file is a)2 298 1 4503 1368 t
9 R f
(UTF)4826 1368 w
10 R f
(stream of)1 377 1 5023 1368 t
( may be floating point.)4 948( Numbers)1 426( are delimited by spaces, tabs, or commas.)7 1763( Arguments)1 505(instruction lines.)1 678 5 1080 1488 t
(Punctuation marks \(except)2 1073 1 1080 1608 t
10 CW f
(:)2182 1608 w
10 R f
( from)1 224( run)1 162( Comments)1 488(\) , spaces, and tabs at the beginning of lines are ignored.)11 2284 4 2242 1608 t
10 CW f
(:)1080 1728 w
10 R f
( Thus)1 263( ignored.)1 368( letters appended to a valid instruction are)7 1770( Extra)1 280(to newline.)1 458 5 1179 1728 t
10 CW f
(...line)4356 1728 w
10 R f
(,)4776 1728 w
10 CW f
(line)4839 1728 w
10 R f
(,)5079 1728 w
10 CW f
(li)5142 1728 w
10 R f
(all)5300 1728 w
( are interpreted as follows:)4 1064( Arguments)1 494(mean the same thing.)3 849 3 1080 1848 t
( an instruction requires no arguments, the rest of the line is ignored.)12 2702(1. If)1 426 2 1080 2016 t
( it requires a string argument, then all the line after the first field separator is passed as argument.)18 3894(2. If)1 426 2 1080 2184 t
( may include newlines represented as)5 1488( Strings)1 334( leading blanks.)2 630(Quote marks may be used to preserve)6 1508 4 1440 2304 t
10 CW f
(\\n)1440 2424 w
10 R f
(.)1560 2424 w
( Thus)1 277( arguments alphabetic characters and punctuation marks are ignored.)8 2956( numeric)1 378(3. Between)1 709 4 1080 2592 t
10 CW f
(line from 5 6 to 7 8)6 1200 1 1440 2712 t
10 R f
(draws a line from \(5, 6\) to \(7, 8\).)8 1311 1 2665 2712 t
( com\255)1 239( Such)1 259( effect until a new instruction is read.)7 1549( with numeric arguments remain in)5 1441(4. Instructions)1 832 5 1080 2880 t
(mands may spill over many lines. Thus the following sequence will draw a polygon with vertices)15 3960 1 1440 3000 t
(\(4.5, 6.77\), \(5.8, 5.6\), \(7.8, 4.55\), and \(10.0, 3.6\).)8 1958 1 1440 3120 t
10 CW f
(move 4.5 6.77)2 780 1 1440 3288 t
(vec 5.8, 5.6 7.8)3 960 1 1440 3408 t
(4.55 10.0, 3.6 4.5, 6.77)4 1440 1 1440 3528 t
10 R f
( last designated point in a)5 1054( The)1 212( are executed in order.)4 916(The instructions)1 653 4 1080 3696 t
10 CW f
(line)3947 3696 w
10 R f
(,)4187 3696 w
10 CW f
(move)4244 3696 w
10 R f
(,)4484 3696 w
10 CW f
(rmove)4541 3696 w
10 R f
(,)4841 3696 w
10 CW f
(vec)4898 3696 w
10 R f
(,)5078 3696 w
10 CW f
(rvec)5135 3696 w
10 R f
(,)5375 3696 w
10 CW f
(arc)1080 3816 w
10 R f
(, or)1 133 1 1260 3816 t
10 CW f
(point)1418 3816 w
10 R f
(command becomes the `current point' \()5 1577 1 1743 3816 t
10 I f
(X,Y)3328 3816 w
10 R f
(\) for the next command.)4 962 1 3478 3816 t
( e)1 2( se)1 46( os)1 41( lo)1 52( Cl)1 30( C)1 94( &)1 2( &)1 105( n)1 2( en)1 52( pe)1 46(O Op)1 124 12 870 3984 t
10 CW f
(o)1080 4104 w
10 I f
(string)1173 4104 w
10 R f
( For)1 189(Open plotting device.)2 863 2 1580 4104 t
10 I f
(troff, string)1 457 1 2657 4104 t
10 R f
(specifies the size of the plot \(default is)7 1539 1 3139 4104 t
10 CW f
(6i)4703 4104 w
10 R f
(\).)4823 4104 w
10 CW f
(cl)1080 4224 w
10 R f
(Close plotting device.)2 875 1 1580 4224 t
( s)1 2( nd ds)2 93( an)1 52( mm ma)2 126( om)1 80( Co)1 52( C)1 94( ng g)2 54( tt ti in)3 112( ot)1 30( lo)1 52( Pl)1 30( P)1 83( c)1 2( ic)1 46( si)1 30( as)1 41(B Ba)1 113 18 870 4392 t
10 CW f
(e)1080 4512 w
10 R f
(Start another frame of output.)4 1184 1 1580 4512 t
10 CW f
(m)1080 4632 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 1173 4632 t
10 R f
(\(move\) Current point becomes)3 1223 1 1580 4632 t
10 I f
(x y.)1 138 1 2828 4632 t
10 CW f
(rm)1080 4752 w
10 I f
(dx dy)1 213 1 1233 4752 t
10 R f
(Current point becomes)2 910 1 1580 4752 t
10 I f
(X+dx Y+dy.)1 491 1 2515 4752 t
10 CW f
(poi)1080 4872 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 1293 4872 t
10 R f
(Plot the point)2 540 1 1580 4872 t
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 2145 4872 t
10 R f
(and make it the current point.)5 1176 1 2283 4872 t
10 CW f
(v)1080 4992 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 1173 4992 t
10 R f
(Draw a vector from the current point to)7 1571 1 1580 4992 t
10 I f
(x y.)1 138 1 3176 4992 t
10 CW f
(rv)1080 5112 w
10 I f
(dx dy)1 213 1 1233 5112 t
10 R f
(Draw vector from current point to X)6 1452 1 1580 5112 t
10 I f
(+)3040 5112 w
10 R f
(dx Y)1 197 1 3116 5112 t
10 I f
(+)3321 5112 w
10 R f
(dy)3397 5112 w
10 CW f
(li)1080 5232 w
10 I f
(x1 y1 x2 y2)3 451 1 1233 5232 t
10 R f
(Draw a line from)3 684 1 1580 5352 t
10 I f
(x1 y1)1 213 1 2289 5352 t
10 R f
(to)2527 5352 w
10 I f
(x2 y2.)1 238 1 2630 5352 t
10 R f
(Make the current point)3 912 1 2893 5352 t
10 I f
(x2 y2.)1 238 1 3830 5352 t
10 CW f
(t)1080 5472 w
10 I f
(string)1173 5472 w
10 R f
(Place the)1 374 1 1580 5472 t
10 I f
(string)1990 5472 w
10 R f
( If)1 128( the current point \(default\).)4 1126(so that its first character is centered on)7 1615 3 2260 5472 t
10 I f
(string)5166 5472 w
10 R f
(begins with)1 476 1 1580 5592 t
10 CW f
(\\C)2093 5592 w
10 R f
(\()2250 5592 w
10 CW f
(\\R)2283 5592 w
10 R f
( backslash at the)3 693( A)1 134(\), it is centered \(right\255adjusted\) on the current point.)8 2170 3 2403 5592 t
(beginning of the string may be escaped with another backslash.)9 2529 1 1580 5712 t
10 CW f
(a)1080 5832 w
10 I f
(x1 y1 x2 y2 xc yc r)6 741 1 1173 5832 t
10 R f
(Draw a circular arc from)4 996 1 1580 5952 t
10 I f
(x1 y1)1 216 1 2604 5952 t
10 R f
(to)2848 5952 w
10 I f
(x2 y2)1 216 1 2954 5952 t
10 R f
(with center)1 449 1 3198 5952 t
10 I f
(xc yc)1 204 1 3675 5952 t
10 R f
(and radius)1 416 1 3907 5952 t
10 I f
(r.)4351 5952 w
10 R f
(If the radius is positive,)4 957 1 4443 5952 t
( point is exact but the end\255)6 1060( starting)1 326( The)1 206(the arc is drawn counterclockwise; negative, clockwise.)6 2228 4 1580 6072 t
(ing point is approximate.)3 1000 1 1580 6192 t
10 CW f
(ci)1080 6312 w
10 I f
(xc yc r)2 265 1 1233 6312 t
10 R f
(Draw a circle centered at)4 995 1 1580 6312 t
10 I f
(xc yc)1 201 1 2600 6312 t
10 R f
(with radius)1 447 1 2826 6312 t
10 I f
(r.)3298 6312 w
10 R f
( frame parameters do not specify a)6 1385(If the range and)3 628 2 3387 6312 t
(square, the `circle' will be elliptical.)5 1444 1 1580 6432 t
10 CW f
(di)1080 6552 w
10 I f
(xc yc r)2 265 1 1233 6552 t
10 R f
(Draw a disc centered at)4 935 1 1580 6552 t
10 I f
(xc yc)1 201 1 2540 6552 t
10 R f
(with radius)1 447 1 2766 6552 t
10 I f
(r)3238 6552 w
10 R f
(using the filling color \(see)4 1049 1 3302 6552 t
10 CW f
(cfill)4376 6552 w
10 R f
(below\).)4701 6552 w
10 CW f
(bo)1080 6672 w
10 I f
(x1 y1 x2 y2)3 451 1 1233 6672 t
10 R f
(Draw a box with lower left corner at)7 1454 1 1580 6792 t
10 I f
(x1 y1)1 213 1 3059 6792 t
10 R f
(and upper right corner at)4 986 1 3297 6792 t
10 I f
(x2 y2.)1 238 1 4308 6792 t
10 CW f
(sb)1080 6912 w
10 I f
(x1 y1 x2 y2)3 451 1 1233 6912 t
10 R f
(Draw a solid box with lower left corner at)8 1674 1 1580 7032 t
10 I f
(x1 y1)1 213 1 3279 7032 t
10 R f
(and upper right corner at)4 986 1 3517 7032 t
10 I f
(x2 y2)1 213 1 4528 7032 t
10 R f
(using the filling)2 634 1 4766 7032 t
(color \(see)1 390 1 1580 7152 t
10 CW f
(cfill)1995 7152 w
10 R f
(below\).)2320 7152 w
( 388)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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415 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( PLOT)1 4150(PLOT \( 6 \))3 390 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(par)1080 960 w
10 I f
(x1 y1 x2 y2 xg yg)5 689 1 1293 960 t
10 R f
( from)1 224(Draw a parabola)2 666 2 1580 1080 t
10 I f
(x1 y1)1 218 1 2500 1080 t
10 R f
(to)2748 1080 w
10 I f
(x2 y2)1 218 1 2856 1080 t
10 R f
(`guided' by)1 468 1 3104 1080 t
10 I f
(xg yg.)1 243 1 3602 1080 t
10 R f
(The parabola passes through the mid\255)5 1525 1 3875 1080 t
(point of the line joining)4 961 1 1580 1200 t
10 I f
(xg yg)1 217 1 2570 1200 t
10 R f
( joining)1 312(with the midpoint of the line)5 1162 2 2816 1200 t
10 I f
(x1 y1)1 216 1 4318 1200 t
10 R f
(and)4562 1200 w
10 I f
(x2 y2)1 216 1 4734 1200 t
10 R f
(and is tan\255)2 422 1 4978 1200 t
(gent to the lines from)4 855 1 1580 1320 t
10 I f
(xg yg)1 213 1 2460 1320 t
10 R f
(to the endpoints.)2 664 1 2698 1320 t
10 CW f
(pol { {)2 420 1 1080 1440 t
10 I f
(x1 y1 ... xn yn)4 551 1 1508 1440 t
10 CW f
(})2067 1440 w
10 I f
(...)2160 1440 w
10 CW f
({)2268 1440 w
10 I f
(X1 Y1 ... Xm Ym)4 653 1 2336 1440 t
10 CW f
(} })1 180 1 2989 1440 t
10 R f
(Draw polygons with vertices)3 1157 1 1580 1560 t
10 I f
(x1 y1 ... xn yn)4 559 1 2764 1560 t
10 R f
(and)3350 1560 w
10 I f
(X1 Y1 ... Xm Ym.)4 690 1 3521 1560 t
10 R f
(If only one polygon is speci\255)5 1161 1 4239 1560 t
(fied, the inner brackets are not needed.)6 1545 1 1580 1680 t
10 CW f
(fi { {)2 360 1 1080 1800 t
10 I f
(x1 y1 ... xn yn)4 551 1 1448 1800 t
10 CW f
(})2007 1800 w
10 I f
(...)2100 1800 w
10 CW f
({)2208 1800 w
10 I f
(X1 Y1 ... Xm Ym)4 653 1 2276 1800 t
10 CW f
(} })1 180 1 2929 1800 t
10 R f
( same as those for)4 767( arguments are the)3 770( The)1 217(Fill a polygon.)2 611 4 1580 1920 t
10 CW f
(pol)3983 1920 w
10 R f
(except that the first vertex is)5 1199 1 4201 1920 t
( be connected.)2 607( polygons do not have to)5 1076( The)1 223(automatically repeated to close each polygon.)5 1914 4 1580 2040 t
(Enclosed polygons appear as holes.)4 1417 1 1580 2160 t
10 CW f
(sp { {)2 360 1 1080 2280 t
10 I f
(x1 y1 ... xn yn)4 551 1 1448 2280 t
10 CW f
(})2007 2280 w
10 I f
(...)2100 2280 w
10 CW f
({)2208 2280 w
10 I f
(X1 Y1 ... Xm Ym)4 653 1 2276 2280 t
10 CW f
(} })1 180 1 2929 2280 t
10 R f
(Draw a parabolic spline guided by)5 1372 1 1580 2400 t
10 I f
(x1 y1 ... xn yn)4 551 1 2977 2400 t
10 R f
(with simple endpoints.)2 909 1 3553 2400 t
10 CW f
(fsp { {)2 420 1 1080 2520 t
10 I f
(x1 y1 ... xn yn)4 551 1 1508 2520 t
10 CW f
(})2067 2520 w
10 I f
(...)2160 2520 w
10 CW f
({)2268 2520 w
10 I f
(X1 Y1 ... Xm Ym)4 653 1 2336 2520 t
10 CW f
(} })1 180 1 2989 2520 t
10 R f
(Draw a parabolic spline guided by)5 1372 1 1580 2640 t
10 I f
(x1 y1 ... xn yn)4 551 1 2977 2640 t
10 R f
(with double first endpoint.)3 1061 1 3553 2640 t
10 CW f
(lsp { {)2 420 1 1080 2760 t
10 I f
(x1 y1 ... xn yn)4 551 1 1508 2760 t
10 CW f
(})2067 2760 w
10 I f
(...)2160 2760 w
10 CW f
({)2268 2760 w
10 I f
(X1 Y1 ... Xm Ym)4 653 1 2336 2760 t
10 CW f
(} })1 180 1 2989 2760 t
10 R f
(Draw a parabolic spline guided by)5 1372 1 1580 2880 t
10 I f
(x1 y1 ... xn yn)4 551 1 2977 2880 t
10 R f
(with double last endpoint.)3 1039 1 3553 2880 t
10 CW f
(dsp { {)2 420 1 1080 3000 t
10 I f
(x1 y1 ... xn yn)4 551 1 1508 3000 t
10 CW f
(})2067 3000 w
10 I f
(...)2160 3000 w
10 CW f
({)2268 3000 w
10 I f
(X1 Y1 ... Xm Ym)4 653 1 2336 3000 t
10 CW f
(} })1 180 1 2989 3000 t
10 R f
(Draw a parabolic spline guided by)5 1372 1 1580 3120 t
10 I f
(x1 y1 ... xn yn)4 551 1 2977 3120 t
10 R f
(with double endpoints.)2 914 1 3553 3120 t
10 CW f
(csp { {)2 420 1 1080 3240 t
10 I f
(x1 y1 ... xn yn)4 551 1 1508 3240 t
10 CW f
(})2067 3240 w
10 I f
(...)2160 3240 w
10 CW f
({)2268 3240 w
10 I f
(X1 Y1 ... Xm Ym)4 653 1 2336 3240 t
10 CW f
(} })1 180 1 2989 3240 t
(in)1080 3360 w
10 I f
(filename)1233 3360 w
10 R f
(\(include\) Take commands from)3 1261 1 1580 3480 t
10 I f
(filename.)2866 3480 w
10 CW f
(de)1080 3600 w
10 I f
(string)1233 3600 w
10 CW f
({)1500 3600 w
10 I f
(commands)1593 3600 w
10 CW f
(})2053 3600 w
10 R f
(Define)1580 3720 w
10 I f
(string)1876 3720 w
10 R f
(as)2135 3720 w
10 I f
(commands.)2243 3720 w
10 CW f
(ca)1080 3840 w
10 I f
(string scale)1 464 1 1233 3840 t
10 R f
(Invoke commands defined as)3 1167 1 1580 3960 t
10 I f
(string)2772 3960 w
10 R f
(applying)3031 3960 w
10 I f
(scale)3406 3960 w
10 R f
(to all coordinates.)2 713 1 3636 3960 t
( t)1 2( nt)1 30( en)1 52( me)1 46( on nm)2 132( ro)1 52( ir)1 35( nv vi)2 82( En)1 52( E)1 88( e)1 2( he)1 46( th)1 52( t)1 55( ng g)2 54( ll li in)3 112( ol)1 30( ro)1 52( tr)1 35( on nt)2 82( Co)1 52( C)1 94( s)1 2( nd ds)2 93( an)1 52( mm ma)2 126( om)1 80(C Co)1 119 28 870 4128 t
10 CW f
(co)1080 4248 w
10 I f
(string)1233 4248 w
10 R f
(Draw lines with color)3 889 1 1580 4248 t
10 I f
(string.)2501 4248 w
10 R f
(Possible colors:)1 639 1 2793 4248 t
10 CW f
(black)3465 4248 w
10 R f
(,)3765 4248 w
10 CW f
(red)3823 4248 w
10 R f
(,)4003 4248 w
10 CW f
(green)4061 4248 w
10 R f
(,)4361 4248 w
10 CW f
(blue)4419 4248 w
10 R f
(,)4659 4248 w
10 CW f
(Tblack)4717 4248 w
10 R f
(,)5077 4248 w
10 CW f
(Tred)5135 4248 w
10 R f
(,)5375 4248 w
10 CW f
(Tgreen)1580 4368 w
10 R f
(,)1940 4368 w
10 CW f
(Tblue)1990 4368 w
(pe)1080 4488 w
10 I f
(string)1233 4488 w
10 R f
(Use)1580 4488 w
10 I f
(string)1775 4488 w
10 R f
( available pen styles are:)4 1045( The)1 221( drawing lines.)2 623(as the style for)3 630 4 2049 4488 t
10 CW f
(solid)4609 4488 w
10 R f
(,)4909 4488 w
10 CW f
(dott)4975 4488 w
10 R f
([ed],)5215 4488 w
10 CW f
(short)1580 4608 w
10 R f
(,)1880 4608 w
10 CW f
(long)1930 4608 w
10 R f
(,)2170 4608 w
10 CW f
(dotd)2220 4608 w
10 R f
([ashed])2460 4608 w
10 CW f
(, cdash)1 385 1 2753 4608 t
10 R f
(,)3138 4608 w
10 CW f
(ddash)3188 4608 w
(cf)1080 4728 w
10 I f
(string)1233 4728 w
10 R f
(Color for filling \(see)3 824 1 1580 4728 t
10 CW f
(co)2429 4728 w
10 R f
(, above\).)1 346 1 2549 4728 t
10 CW f
(ra)1080 4848 w
10 I f
(x1 y1 x2 y2)3 451 1 1233 4848 t
10 R f
(The data will fall between)4 1082 1 1580 4968 t
10 I f
(x1 y1)1 224 1 2698 4968 t
10 R f
(and)2958 4968 w
10 I f
(x2 y2.)1 249 1 3138 4968 t
10 R f
(The plot will be magnified or reduced to fit the)9 1977 1 3423 4968 t
(device as closely as possible.)4 1162 1 1580 5088 t
( the plotting area with unity scaling appear below for devices)10 2560(Range settings that exactly fill)4 1260 2 1580 5208 t
(supported by the filters of)4 1068 1 1580 5328 t
10 I f
(plot)2681 5328 w
10 R f
( every)1 254( In)1 141( upper limit is just outside the plotting area.)8 1806(\(1\). The)1 354 4 2845 5328 t
( to be square; points outside may be displayable on devices with)11 2622(case the plotting area is taken)5 1198 2 1580 5448 t
(nonsquare faces.)1 664 1 1580 5568 t
10 CW f
(fr)1080 5688 w
10 I f
(px1 py1 px2 py2)3 651 1 1233 5688 t
10 R f
(Plot the data in the fraction of the display specified by)10 2244 1 1580 5808 t
10 I f
(px1 py1)1 321 1 3857 5808 t
10 R f
(for lower left corner and)4 1010 1 4212 5808 t
10 I f
(px2)5256 5808 w
(py2)1580 5928 w
10 R f
( Thus)1 257(for upper right corner.)3 907 2 1756 5928 t
10 CW f
(frame .5 0 1. .5)4 988 1 2952 5928 t
10 R f
(plots in the lower right quadrant of)6 1429 1 3971 5928 t
(the display;)1 464 1 1580 6048 t
10 CW f
(frame 0. 1. 1. 0.)4 1020 1 2069 6048 t
10 R f
(uses the whole display but inverts the)6 1499 1 3114 6048 t
10 I f
(y)4638 6048 w
10 R f
(coordinates.)4707 6048 w
10 CW f
(sa)1080 6168 w
10 R f
( inherits the old)3 646( new environment)2 733( The)1 211(Save the current environment, and move to a new one.)9 2230 4 1580 6168 t
( are 7 levels.)3 504(one. There)1 451 2 1580 6288 t
10 CW f
(re)1080 6408 w
10 R f
(Restore previous environment.)2 1229 1 1580 6408 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6576 t
10 I f
(plot)1080 6696 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1244 6696 w
10 I f
(graph)1410 6696 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1657 6696 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 389)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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416 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( REGEXP)1 4011(REGEXP \( 6 \))3 529 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(regexp)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1376 1080 w
10 R f
(regular expression notation)2 1087 1 1466 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
(A)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(regular expression)1 759 1 1184 1368 t
10 R f
( said to be)3 432( member of this set of strings is)7 1307( A)1 129(specifies a set of strings of characters.)6 1557 4 1975 1368 t
10 I f
(matched)1080 1488 w
10 R f
( delimiter character, commonly)3 1259( many applications a)3 833( In)1 136(by the regular expression.)3 1040 4 1446 1488 t
10 CW f
(/)4741 1488 w
10 R f
(, bounds a reg\255)3 599 1 4801 1488 t
( specification for regular expressions the word `character' means any char\255)10 2994( the following)2 561( In)1 133(ular expression.)1 632 4 1080 1608 t
(acter \(rune\) but newline.)3 980 1 1080 1728 t
(The syntax for a regular expression)5 1410 1 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(e0)2515 1896 w
10 R f
(is)2660 1896 w
10 CW f
( | charclass | '.' | '^' | '$' | '\(' e0 '\)')12 2580(e3: literal)1 720 2 1440 2064 t
(e2: e3)1 420 1 1440 2304 t
( REP)1 240(| e2)1 300 2 1560 2424 t
(REP: '*' | '+' | '?')5 1200 1 1440 2544 t
(e1: e2)1 420 1 1440 2784 t
( e2)1 180(| e1)1 300 2 1560 2904 t
(e0: e1)1 420 1 1440 3144 t
( '|' e1)2 420(| e0)1 300 2 1560 3264 t
10 R f
(A)1080 3432 w
10 CW f
(literal)1184 3432 w
10 R f
(is any non\255metacharacter or a metacharacter \(one of)7 2121 1 1636 3432 t
10 CW f
(.*+?[]\(\)|\\^$)3789 3432 w
10 R f
(\) or the delimiter pre\255)4 891 1 4509 3432 t
(ceded by)1 357 1 1080 3552 t
10 CW f
(\\)1462 3552 w
10 R f
(.)1522 3552 w
(A)1080 3720 w
10 CW f
(charclass)1179 3720 w
10 R f
(is a nonempty string)3 820 1 1746 3720 t
10 I f
(s)2593 3720 w
10 R f
(bracketed)2659 3720 w
10 CW f
([)3073 3720 w
10 I f
(s)3157 3720 w
10 CW f
(])3220 3720 w
10 R f
(\(or)3307 3720 w
10 CW f
([^)3450 3720 w
10 I f
(s)3578 3720 w
10 CW f
(])3641 3720 w
10 R f
( any character in \(or not in\))6 1109(\); it matches)2 498 2 3701 3720 t
10 I f
(s.)5336 3720 w
10 R f
( substring)1 408( A)1 138(A negated character class never matches newline.)6 2075 3 1080 3840 t
10 I f
(a)3742 3840 w
10 CW f
(\255)3800 3840 w
10 I f
(b)3868 3840 w
10 CW f
(,)3926 3840 w
10 R f
(with)4026 3840 w
10 I f
(a)4244 3840 w
10 R f
(and)4334 3840 w
10 I f
(b)4518 3840 w
10 R f
(in ascending order,)2 792 1 4608 3840 t
( range of characters between)4 1147(stands for the inclusive)3 927 2 1080 3960 t
10 I f
(a)3181 3960 w
10 R f
(and)3258 3960 w
10 I f
(b)3429 3960 w
10 R f
(. In)1 160 1 3487 3960 t
10 I f
(s,)3674 3960 w
10 R f
(the metacharacters)1 746 1 3765 3960 t
10 CW f
(\255)4538 3960 w
10 R f
(,)4598 3960 w
10 CW f
(])4650 3960 w
10 R f
(, an initial)2 407 1 4710 3960 t
10 CW f
(^)5144 3960 w
10 R f
(, and)1 196 1 5204 3960 t
(the regular expression delimiter must be preceded by a)8 2272 1 1080 4080 t
10 CW f
(\\)3388 4080 w
10 R f
( no special meaning)3 826(; other metacharacters have)3 1126 2 3448 4080 t
(and may appear unescaped.)3 1096 1 1080 4200 t
(A)1080 4368 w
10 CW f
(.)1177 4368 w
10 R f
(matches any character.)2 910 1 1262 4368 t
(A)1080 4536 w
10 CW f
(^)1177 4536 w
10 R f
(matches the beginning of a line;)5 1279 1 1262 4536 t
10 CW f
($)2566 4536 w
10 R f
(matches the end of the line.)5 1098 1 2651 4536 t
(The)1080 4704 w
10 CW f
(REP)1265 4704 w
10 R f
(operators match zero or more \()5 1257 1 1475 4704 t
10 CW f
(*)2732 4704 w
10 R f
(\), one or more \()4 643 1 2792 4704 t
10 CW f
(+)3435 4704 w
10 R f
( \()1 64(\), zero or one)3 546 2 3495 4704 t
10 CW f
(?)4105 4704 w
10 R f
(\), instances respectively of the)4 1235 1 4165 4704 t
(preceding regular expression)2 1152 1 1080 4824 t
10 CW f
(e2)2257 4824 w
10 R f
(.)2377 4824 w
(A concatenated regular expression,)3 1401 1 1080 4992 t
10 CW f
(e1 e2)1 256 1 2506 4992 t
10 R f
(, matches a match to)4 818 1 2762 4992 t
10 CW f
(e1)3605 4992 w
10 R f
(followed by a match to)4 921 1 3750 4992 t
10 CW f
(e2)4696 4992 w
10 R f
(.)4816 4992 w
(An alternative regular expression,)3 1352 1 1080 5160 t
10 CW f
(e0 | e1)2 332 1 2457 5160 t
10 R f
(, matches either a match to)5 1070 1 2789 5160 t
10 CW f
(e0)3884 5160 w
10 R f
(or a match to)3 524 1 4029 5160 t
10 CW f
(e1)4578 5160 w
10 R f
(.)4698 5160 w
( of a regular expression extends as far as possible without preventing a match to the)15 3491(A match to any part)4 829 2 1080 5328 t
(remainder of the regular expression.)4 1443 1 1080 5448 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5616 t
10 I f
(awk)1080 5736 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1249 5736 w
10 I f
(ed)1415 5736 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1517 5736 w
10 I f
(sam)1683 5736 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1852 5736 w
10 I f
(sed)2018 5736 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)2159 5736 w
10 I f
(regexp)2325 5736 w
10 R f
(\(2\))2604 5736 w
( 390)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( USERS)1 4088(USERS \( 6 \))3 452 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(users)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1310 1080 w
10 R f
(file server user list format)4 1031 1 1400 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
( each maintain a private list of users and groups, in)10 2113(The permanent file servers)3 1087 2 1080 1368 t
10 CW f
(/adm/users)4313 1368 w
10 R f
(by conven\255)1 454 1 4946 1368 t
( line in the file has the format)7 1179(tion. Each)1 430 2 1080 1488 t
10 I f
(num)1440 1656 w
10 R f
(:)1620 1656 w
10 I f
(name)1656 1656 w
10 R f
(:)1880 1656 w
10 I f
(leader)1916 1656 w
10 R f
(:)2179 1656 w
10 I f
(members)2207 1656 w
10 R f
(where)1080 1824 w
10 I f
(num)1354 1824 w
10 R f
(is a decimal integer,)3 822 1 1557 1824 t
10 I f
(name)2410 1824 w
10 R f
(and)2657 1824 w
10 I f
(leader)2832 1824 w
10 R f
(are printable strings excluding the characters)5 1817 1 3118 1824 t
10 CW f
(?)4966 1824 w
10 R f
(,)5026 1824 w
10 CW f
(=)5082 1824 w
10 R f
(,)5142 1824 w
10 CW f
(+)5198 1824 w
10 R f
(,)5258 1824 w
10 CW f
(\255)5315 1824 w
10 R f
(,)5375 1824 w
10 CW f
(/)1080 1944 w
10 R f
(, and)1 203 1 1140 1944 t
10 CW f
(:)1377 1944 w
10 R f
(, and)1 203 1 1437 1944 t
10 I f
(members)1674 1944 w
10 R f
( a line defines a user and a group)8 1377( Such)1 258( such strings.)2 541(is a comma\255separated list of)4 1156 4 2068 1944 t
(with the given)2 586 1 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(name)1698 2064 w
10 R f
(; the group has a group leader given by)8 1614 1 1922 2064 t
10 I f
(leader)3568 2064 w
10 R f
(and group members given by the user)6 1545 1 3855 2064 t
(names in)1 368 1 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(members)1483 2184 w
10 R f
(. The)1 240 1 1851 2184 t
10 I f
(leader)2126 2184 w
10 R f
( is a group leader.)4 748(field may be empty, in which case any group member)9 2236 2 2416 2184 t
(The)1080 2304 w
10 I f
(members)1260 2304 w
10 R f
(field may be empty.)3 799 1 1645 2304 t
(Lines beginning with)2 850 1 1080 2472 t
10 CW f
(#)1955 2472 w
10 R f
(are ignored.)1 476 1 2040 2472 t
(The)1080 2640 w
10 I f
(num)1261 2640 w
10 R f
( number used internally by a file server; there should be no duplicate)12 2769(in a line is a)4 487 2 1459 2640 t
10 I f
(num)4742 2640 w
10 R f
(s in the file.)3 478 1 4922 2640 t
(A negative)1 466 1 1080 2760 t
10 I f
(num)1602 2760 w
10 R f
(is special: a user with a negative)6 1478 1 1830 2760 t
10 I f
(num)3364 2760 w
10 R f
( file)1 188( The)1 235(cannot attach to the file server.)5 1385 3 3592 2760 t
10 CW f
(/adm/users)1080 2880 w
10 R f
(itself is owned by user)4 919 1 1710 2880 t
10 I f
(adm)2659 2880 w
10 R f
(, having a negative)3 769 1 2839 2880 t
10 I f
(num)3638 2880 w
10 R f
( changed via console)3 852(, so it can only be)5 730 2 3818 2880 t
(commands.)1080 3000 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3168 t
10 I f
(intro)1080 3288 w
10 R f
(\(5\),)1283 3288 w
10 I f
(stat)1449 3288 w
10 R f
(\(5\))1602 3288 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 391)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 6 \))3 140( UTF)1 4211(UTF \( 6 \))3 329 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(UTF, Unicode, ASCII, rune)3 1115 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2220 1080 w
10 R f
(character set and format)3 960 1 2310 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
(The Plan 9 character set and representation are based on Unicode and on a proposed X\255Open multibyte)16 4320 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
(FSS\255UCS\255TF)1080 1488 w
10 R f
( repre\255)1 267( Unicode)1 393( Safe Universal Character Set Transformation Format\) encoding.)7 2624(\(File System)1 515 4 1601 1488 t
(sents its characters in 16 bits;)5 1174 1 1080 1608 t
9 R f
(FSS\255UCS\255TF,)2277 1608 w
10 R f
(or just)1 253 1 2815 1608 t
9 R f
(UTF,)3091 1608 w
10 R f
(represent such values in an 8\255bit byte stream.)7 1802 1 3309 1608 t
(In Plan 9, a)3 455 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(rune)1560 1776 w
10 R f
( programs may store char\255)4 1051( Internally,)1 464(is a 16\255bit quantity representing a Unicode character.)7 2117 3 1768 1776 t
( the interface)2 550( any external manifestation of textual information, in files or at)10 2676( However,)1 456(acters as runes.)2 638 4 1080 1896 t
(between programs, uses a machine\255independent, byte\255stream encoding called)7 3084 1 1080 2016 t
9 R f
(UTF.)4187 2016 w
(UTF)1080 2184 w
10 R f
( 7\255bit)1 227(is designed so the)3 744 2 1287 2184 t
9 R f
(ASCII)2294 2184 w
10 R f
(set \(values hexadecimal 00 to 7F\), appear only as themselves in the)11 2833 1 2567 2184 t
( values above 7F appear as sequences of two or more bytes with values only from 80)16 3420( with)1 206(encoding. Runes)1 694 3 1080 2304 t
(to FF.)1 240 1 1080 2424 t
(The)1080 2592 w
9 R f
(UTF)1270 2592 w
10 R f
( with)1 216(encoding of Unicode is backward compatible)5 1870 2 1477 2592 t
9 R f
(ASCII)3599 2592 w
10 R f
(: programs presented only with)4 1295 1 3834 2592 t
9 R f
(ASCII)5165 2592 w
10 R f
(work on Plan 9 even if not written to deal with)10 2015 1 1080 2712 t
9 R f
(UTF,)3133 2712 w
10 R f
( deal with uninterpreted byte)4 1204(as do programs that)3 830 2 3366 2712 t
( semantic processing on)3 987( programs that perform)3 950(streams. However,)1 779 3 1080 2832 t
9 R f
(ASCII)3829 2832 w
10 R f
(graphic characters must convert)3 1301 1 4099 2832 t
(from)1080 2952 w
9 R f
(UTF)1297 2952 w
10 R f
(to runes in order to work properly with non\255)8 1764 1 1492 2952 t
9 R f
(ASCII)3256 2952 w
10 R f
(input. See)1 425 1 3516 2952 t
10 I f
(rune)3966 2952 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)4157 2952 w
(Letting numbers be binary, a rune x is converted to a multibyte)11 2519 1 1080 3120 t
9 R f
(UTF)3622 3120 w
10 R f
(sequence as follows:)2 826 1 3817 3120 t
(01. x in [00000000.0bbbbbbb])3 1219 1 1080 3288 t
10 S f
(\256)2324 3288 w
10 R f
(0bbbbbbb)2448 3288 w
(10. x in [00000bbb.bbbbbbbb])3 1219 1 1080 3408 t
10 S f
(\256)2324 3408 w
10 R f
(110bbbbb, 10bbbbbb)1 850 1 2448 3408 t
(11. x in [bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb])3 1219 1 1080 3528 t
10 S f
(\256)2324 3528 w
10 R f
(1110bbbb, 10bbbbbb, 10bbbbbb)2 1300 1 2448 3528 t
( the)1 152(Conversion 01 provides a one\255byte sequence that spans)7 2238 2 1080 3696 t
9 R f
(ASCII)3498 3696 w
10 R f
( Con\255)1 255(character set in a compatible way.)5 1382 2 3763 3696 t
( the high bit)3 496(versions 10 and 11 represent higher\255valued characters as sequences of two or three bytes with)14 3824 2 1080 3816 t
( there are multiple)3 741( When)1 292( does not support the 4, 5, and 6 byte sequences proposed by X\255Open.)13 2842( 9)1 78(set. Plan)1 367 5 1080 3936 t
(ways to encode a value, for example rune 0, the shortest encoding is used.)13 2955 1 1080 4056 t
( sequence except those described above is incorrect and is converted to rune)12 3168(In the inverse mapping, any)4 1152 2 1080 4224 t
(0080.)1080 4344 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 4512 t
10 CW f
(/lib/unicode)1080 4632 w
10 R f
(table of characters and descriptions, suitable for)6 1909 1 1440 4752 t
10 I f
(look)3374 4752 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)3554 4752 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4920 t
10 I f
(ascii)1080 5040 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1277 5040 w
10 I f
(tcs)1443 5040 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1562 5040 w
10 I f
(rune)1728 5040 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1919 5040 w
10 I f
(keyboard)2085 5040 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)2464 5040 w
10 I f
(The Unicode Standard)2 905 1 2630 5040 t
10 R f
(.)3543 5040 w
( 392)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( INTRO)1 4095(INTRO \( 7 \))3 445 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(intro)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1294 1080 w
10 R f
(introduction to databases)2 999 1 1384 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
( of)1 112( Some)1 282( available on Plan 9 and the commands that access them.)10 2306(This manual section describes databases)4 1620 4 1080 1368 t
(them involve proprietary data that is not distributed outside Bell Laboratories.)10 3117 1 1080 1488 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 393)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( AHD)1 4184(AHD \( 7 \))3 356 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(ahd)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1249 1080 w
10 R f
(American Heritage Dictionary)2 1213 1 1339 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(ahd)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255p)1318 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1438 1368 t
10 I f
(word...)1537 1368 w
10 R f
(])1826 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
(Given one or more)3 763 1 1080 1656 t
10 I f
(word)1872 1656 w
10 R f
(arguments,)2107 1656 w
10 I f
(ahd)2577 1656 w
10 R f
( words)1 274( Otherwise,)1 490(prints the matching dictionary entry or entries.)6 1880 3 2756 1656 t
( the)1 150( Under)1 302( input, one per line.)4 789(to be looked up are taken from the standard)8 1767 4 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255p)4116 1776 w
10 R f
(option, entries match if they)4 1136 1 4264 1776 t
(have the specified word as a prefix.)6 1415 1 1080 1896 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2064 t
10 CW f
(/lib/ahd/*)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(dictionary files.)1 627 1 2880 2184 t
10 CW f
(/$cputype/bin/aux/ahddisplay)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(display program.)1 677 1 2880 2304 t
( 394)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( ASTRO)1 4072(ASTRO \( 7 \))3 468 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(astro)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1299 1080 w
10 R f
(print astronomical information)2 1227 1 1389 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(astro)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255dlepsatokm)1463 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2148 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255c)2264 1368 w
10 I f
(n)2392 1368 w
10 R f
(])2467 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Astro)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( options are:)2 494( The)1 205(reports upcoming celestial events, by default for 24 hours starting now.)10 2846 3 1322 1656 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 1824 w
10 R f
( prompt gives the input format.)5 1244( A)1 122(Read the starting date.)3 893 3 1440 1824 t
10 CW f
(l)1080 1992 w
10 R f
( and elevation of the observation point A prompt gives the)10 2371(Read the north latitude, west longitude,)5 1589 2 1440 1992 t
( If)1 116(input format.)1 522 2 1440 2112 t
10 CW f
(l)2103 2112 w
10 R f
(is missing, the initial position is read from the file)9 1995 1 2188 2112 t
10 CW f
(/lib/sky/here)4208 2112 w
10 R f
(.)4988 2112 w
10 CW f
(c)1080 2280 w
10 R f
(Report for)1 413 1 1440 2280 t
10 I f
(n)1878 2280 w
10 R f
(\(default 1\) successive days.)3 1097 1 1953 2280 t
10 CW f
(e)1080 2448 w
10 R f
(Report fractional overlap during eclipses.)4 1655 1 1440 2448 t
10 CW f
(p)1080 2616 w
10 R f
( positions of objects at the given time rather than searching for interesting conjunctions.)13 3611(Print the)1 349 2 1440 2616 t
( followed by the right ascension \(hours, minutes, seconds\), declination)9 3017(For each, the name is)4 943 2 1440 2736 t
( seconds\), azimuth \(degrees\), elevation \(degrees\), and semidiameter \(arc min\255)9 3219(\(degrees, minutes,)1 741 2 1440 2856 t
( the sun and moon, the magnitude is also printed.)9 1963(utes\). For)1 408 2 1440 2976 t
10 CW f
(s)1080 3144 w
10 R f
(Print output in English words suitable for speech synthesizers.)8 2490 1 1440 3144 t
10 CW f
(a)1080 3312 w
10 R f
( are no orbital elements for)5 1108( \(There)1 321( of artificial earth satellites for interesting events.)7 2005(Include a list)2 526 4 1440 3312 t
(the satellites, so this option is not usable.\))7 1670 1 1440 3432 t
10 CW f
(t)1080 3600 w
10 R f
(Read)1440 3600 w
10 S f
(D)1681 3600 w
10 R f
(T from standard input.)3 932 1 1742 3600 t
10 S f
(D)2735 3600 w
10 R f
( and universal time \(sec\255)4 1029(T is the difference between ephemeris)5 1575 2 2796 3600 t
(onds\) due to the slowing of the earth's rotation.)8 1935 1 1440 3720 t
10 S f
(D)3429 3720 w
10 R f
(T is normally calculated from an empirical for\255)7 1910 1 3490 3720 t
( option is needed only for very accurate timing of occultations, eclipses, etc.)12 3042(mula. This)1 453 2 1440 3840 t
10 CW f
(o)1080 4008 w
10 R f
(Search for stellar occultations.)3 1214 1 1440 4008 t
10 CW f
(k)1080 4176 w
10 R f
(Print times in local time \(`kitchen clock'\) as described in the)10 2419 1 1440 4176 t
10 CW f
(timezone)3884 4176 w
10 R f
(environment variable.)1 876 1 4389 4176 t
10 CW f
(m)1080 4344 w
10 R f
( is modified \(in the source\) to refer to an)9 1787( This)1 247( list of objects.)3 646(Includes a single comet in the)5 1280 4 1440 4344 t
( in steady state usually refers to the last interesting comet \(currently Levy,)12 3031(approaching comet but)2 929 2 1440 4464 t
(1990c\).)1440 4584 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 4752 t
10 CW f
(/lib/sky/estartab)1080 4872 w
10 R f
(ecliptic star data)2 654 1 2220 4872 t
10 CW f
(/lib/sky/here)1080 4992 w
10 R f
(default latitude \(N\), longitude \(W\), and elevation \(meters\))7 2320 1 2220 4992 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5160 t
10 I f
(scat)1080 5280 w
10 R f
(\(7\))1249 5280 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5448 t
10 R f
(The)1080 5568 w
10 CW f
(k)1260 5568 w
10 R f
(option reverts to GMT outside of 1970\2552036.)6 1807 1 1345 5568 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 395)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( CHDB)1 4122(CHDB \( 7 \))3 418 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(chdb)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1299 1080 w
10 R f
(chess database browser)2 930 1 1389 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(chdb)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1403 1368 t
10 R f
(])1656 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Chdb)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(reads the given)2 646 1 1343 1656 t
10 I f
(files)2035 1656 w
10 R f
( games \()2 382(of chess)1 345 2 2248 1656 t
10 CW f
(hist)2975 1656 w
10 R f
(by default\) and accepts commands to search, play)7 2138 1 3262 1656 t
( If)1 117( display the games in these files.)6 1302(through, and)1 507 3 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(x)3032 1776 w
10 R f
(is the name of the file, it is looked for under the names)12 2195 1 3102 1776 t
10 I f
(x)5323 1776 w
10 R f
(,)5375 1776 w
10 I f
(x)1080 1896 w
10 CW f
(.m.out)1132 1896 w
10 I f
(,)1500 1896 w
10 R f
(and)1550 1896 w
10 CW f
(/lib/chess/)1719 1896 w
10 I f
(x)2387 1896 w
10 CW f
(.m.out)2439 1896 w
10 I f
(.)2807 1896 w
10 R f
(After reading the files,)3 921 1 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(chdb)2032 2064 w
10 R f
( a command line, and vertical and)6 1392(displays a chess board, a text window with)7 1751 2 2257 2064 t
( text window holds 6 lines of information about the)9 2070( The)1 207( the board.)2 428(horizontal scroll bars along the edges of)6 1615 4 1080 2184 t
( displayed text contains chess)4 1198( The)1 209( the bottom, a command line in which to type.)9 1877(game and position and, at)4 1036 4 1080 2304 t
(symbols)1080 2424 w
10 S1 f
(\320)1414 2424 w
10 R f
(use a suitable font.)3 749 1 1514 2424 t
( bar then scans through the)5 1103(The vertical scroll bar scans through the games to select a game; the horizontal)13 3217 2 1080 2592 t
( scroll bars use button 1 to scan backwards, button 3 to scan forwards,)13 2902( Both)1 254(moves of the selected game.)4 1164 3 1080 2712 t
( buttons 1 and 3, the scroll bars are calibrated in units of)12 2268( With)1 252( jump to an absolute position.)5 1194(and button 2 to)3 606 4 1080 2832 t
( units measure games on the vertical)6 1525( The)1 217(1 through 8 corresponding to the ranks and files of the board.)11 2578 3 1080 2952 t
( button 3 on the horizontal)5 1098( example, clicking)2 749( For)1 196(scroll bar; ply \(half\255moves\) on the horizontal scroll bar.)8 2277 4 1080 3072 t
(scroll bar under the)3 773 1 1080 3192 t
10 CW f
(d)1878 3192 w
10 R f
(file steps through the game two full moves.)7 1732 1 1963 3192 t
( are two methods to point at)6 1200( There)1 296( board by pointing with button 1.)6 1404(Moves may be made on the chess)6 1420 4 1080 3360 t
( point to the place to move that)7 1255( the first method, point at the piece to be moved, press button 1,)13 2587(moves. For)1 478 3 1080 3480 t
( method, point at the place where a piece is to move and)12 2375( the second)2 469( In)1 143(piece, and then release button 1.)5 1333 4 1080 3600 t
( button 1)2 386( Releasing)1 459( is highlighted.)2 628( smallest/least\255central piece that can move there)6 2008( The)1 221(press button 1.)2 618 6 1080 3720 t
( and)1 180( the mouse to the desired piece)6 1291( Moving)1 377(without moving the mouse will make the highlighted move.)8 2472 4 1080 3840 t
(releasing the button will move the selected piece.)7 1969 1 1080 3960 t
( available commands are:)3 1017( The)1 205(Typed lines of text are echoed in the command line and executed.)11 2622 3 1080 4128 t
10 CW f
(f)1080 4296 w
10 I f
(n n)1 125 1 1173 4296 t
10 R f
( first number is the verbosity, with 0)7 1490( The)1 210( for display of moves in the text window.)8 1686(Set the format)2 574 4 1440 4296 t
( second number is 0 for algebraic, 1 for English, and 2 for figurine \(default\).)14 3046(minimal. The)1 564 2 1440 4416 t
10 CW f
(g)1080 4584 w
10 I f
(n)1173 4584 w
10 R f
(Go to the game with ordinal number)6 1454 1 1440 4584 t
10 I f
(n)2919 4584 w
10 R f
( If)1 116(in the input files.)3 678 2 2994 4584 t
10 I f
(n)3813 4584 w
10 R f
(is prefixed with a)3 696 1 3888 4584 t
10 CW f
(+)4609 4584 w
10 R f
(or)4694 4584 w
10 CW f
(\255 ,)1 181 1 4802 4584 t
10 R f
(it is inter\255)2 391 1 5009 4584 t
(preted as a relative position in the current set of games \(see below\).)12 2691 1 1440 4704 t
10 I f
(N)4181 4704 w
10 R f
(defaults to)1 419 1 4273 4704 t
10 CW f
(+1 .)1 240 1 4717 4704 t
(p)1080 4872 w
10 I f
(n)1173 4872 w
10 R f
(Go to whole move)3 759 1 1440 4872 t
10 I f
(n)2230 4872 w
10 R f
( If)1 123( game.)1 273(in the current)2 544 3 2311 4872 t
10 I f
(n)3283 4872 w
10 R f
(is prefixed with a)3 717 1 3365 4872 t
10 CW f
(+)4114 4872 w
10 R f
(or)4206 4872 w
10 CW f
(\255 ,)1 187 1 4321 4872 t
10 R f
(it is interpreted as an)4 860 1 4540 4872 t
(offset in)1 330 1 1440 4992 t
10 I f
(ply)1795 4992 w
10 R f
(from the current position.)3 1021 1 1942 4992 t
10 I f
(N)3013 4992 w
10 R f
(defaults to)1 419 1 3105 4992 t
10 CW f
(+1 .)1 240 1 3549 4992 t
(k)1080 5160 w
10 I f
(n)1173 5160 w
10 R f
(Mark the current set of games with tag)7 1544 1 1440 5160 t
10 I f
(n)3009 5160 w
10 R f
(\(see patterns, below\).)2 853 1 3084 5160 t
10 CW f
(w)1080 5328 w
10 I f
(type file)1 319 1 1173 5328 t
10 R f
( of games to)3 524(Write the current set)3 847 2 1440 5448 t
10 I f
(file. Type)1 383 1 2847 5448 t
10 R f
(is either)1 330 1 3266 5448 t
10 CW f
(a)3632 5448 w
10 R f
(\(write the games as text\) or)5 1144 1 3728 5448 t
10 CW f
(m)4908 5448 w
10 R f
(\(write the)1 396 1 5004 5448 t
(games in binary format suitable for)5 1406 1 1440 5568 t
10 I f
(chdb)2871 5568 w
10 R f
(\).)3073 5568 w
( pattern is one of the following, in decreasing precedence order.)10 2673( A)1 135( subsets of the games.)4 926(Patterns select)1 586 4 1080 5736 t
(Parentheses can be used for grouping.)5 1513 1 1080 5856 t
10 CW f
(.)1080 6024 w
10 R f
(The current game.)2 728 1 1440 6024 t
10 CW f
(*)1080 6192 w
10 R f
(All games originally read.)3 1043 1 1440 6192 t
10 CW f
(')1080 6360 w
10 I f
(n)1148 6360 w
10 R f
(The games previously marked with a)5 1478 1 1440 6360 t
10 CW f
(k)2943 6360 w
10 R f
(command with the same)3 974 1 3028 6360 t
10 I f
(n.)4027 6360 w
10 CW f
([])1080 6528 w
([)1080 6696 w
10 I f
(number)1148 6696 w
10 CW f
(])1461 6696 w
10 R f
(All games in)2 515 1 1440 6816 t
10 CW f
(*)1982 6816 w
10 R f
( of plies from)3 550(that contain the positions that can be reached in the specified number)11 2781 2 2069 6816 t
( meaning just the current position.)5 1431( missing number is the same as zero,)7 1563( A)1 136(the current position.)2 830 4 1440 6936 t
(Positions are matched with black/white transpositions.)5 2177 1 1440 7056 t
( 396)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( CHDB)1 4122(CHDB \( 7 \))3 418 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(/)1080 960 w
10 I f
(regular expression)1 752 1 1148 960 t
10 CW f
(/)1908 960 w
10 I f
(fields)1976 960 w
10 R f
( against the various text windows.)5 1410(This pattern matches the regular expression)5 1783 2 1440 1080 t
10 I f
(Fields)4693 1080 w
10 R f
(is a list of)3 422 1 4978 1080 t
(characters from the set)3 914 1 1440 1200 t
10 CW f
(abdefoprw)2382 1200 w
10 R f
(.)2922 1200 w
10 CW f
(A)3000 1200 w
10 R f
(is for all,)2 364 1 3088 1200 t
10 CW f
(b)3480 1200 w
10 R f
(for black,)1 384 1 3568 1200 t
10 CW f
(d)3979 1200 w
10 R f
(for date,)1 334 1 4066 1200 t
10 CW f
(e)4427 1200 w
10 R f
(for event,)1 384 1 4514 1200 t
10 CW f
(f)4925 1200 w
10 R f
(for file,)1 301 1 5012 1200 t
10 CW f
(o)5340 1200 w
10 R f
(for opening,)1 497 1 1440 1320 t
10 CW f
(p)1971 1320 w
10 R f
( black\),)1 309(for person \(white and)3 883 2 2065 1320 t
10 CW f
(r)3292 1320 w
10 R f
(for result, and)2 577 1 3387 1320 t
10 CW f
(w)3999 1320 w
10 R f
( multiple fields are)3 782( If)1 126(for white.)1 398 3 4094 1320 t
( no field is given,)4 749( If)1 129(given, the expression is matched on the union of the specified fields.)11 2881 3 1440 1440 t
10 CW f
(p)5236 1440 w
10 R f
(is)5333 1440 w
(assumed.)1440 1560 w
10 CW f
(!)1080 1728 w
10 I f
(pattern)1148 1728 w
10 R f
(The set subtraction of)3 868 1 1440 1848 t
10 CW f
(*)2333 1848 w
10 R f
(and the given pattern.)3 865 1 2418 1848 t
10 I f
(pattern)1080 2016 w
10 CW f
(\255)1377 2016 w
10 I f
(pattern)1445 2016 w
10 R f
(The set subtraction of the given patterns.)6 1628 1 1440 2136 t
10 I f
(pattern)1080 2304 w
10 CW f
(+)1377 2304 w
10 I f
(pattern)1445 2304 w
(pattern)1080 2472 w
10 CW f
(|)1377 2472 w
10 I f
(pattern)1445 2472 w
10 R f
(The set union of the given patterns.)6 1412 1 1440 2592 t
10 I f
(pattern pattern)1 603 1 1080 2760 t
(pattern)1080 2928 w
10 CW f
(&)1377 2928 w
10 I f
(pattern)1445 2928 w
10 R f
(The set intersection of the given patterns.)6 1650 1 1440 3048 t
10 CW f
(+)1080 3216 w
10 I f
(pattern)1148 3216 w
10 CW f
(\255)1080 3384 w
10 I f
(pattern)1148 3384 w
10 CW f
(&)1080 3552 w
10 I f
(pattern)1148 3552 w
10 CW f
(|)1080 3720 w
10 I f
(pattern)1148 3720 w
10 R f
(These patterns have the current set of games as an implied first operand.)12 2885 1 1440 3840 t
9 R f
( LE E)2 59( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 5 720 4008 t
10 R f
(Select games that Botvinnik lost:)4 1323 1 1080 4128 t
10 CW f
(\(/Botv/w/0\2551/r\)|\(/Botv/b/1\2550/r\))1440 4296 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 4464 t
10 CW f
(/lib/chess)1080 4584 w
10 R f
(directory of databases.)2 900 1 1800 4584 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4752 t
10 I f
(regexp)1080 4872 w
10 R f
(\(6\).)1359 4872 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5040 t
10 R f
(The browser is only a prototype.)5 1298 1 1080 5160 t
(Most of the databases are protected by copyright and not distributed.)10 2743 1 1080 5328 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 397)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( DICT)1 4167(DICT \( 7 \))3 373 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(dict)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1255 1080 w
10 R f
(dictionary browser)1 751 1 1345 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(dict)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255k)1403 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1548 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1664 1368 w
10 I f
(dictname)1809 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2200 1368 t
10 I f
(pattern)2316 1368 w
10 R f
(])2630 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Dict)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( a)1 69( If)1 116(is a dictionary browser.)3 937 3 1277 1656 t
10 I f
(pattern)2424 1656 w
10 R f
(is given on the command line,)5 1205 1 2738 1656 t
10 I f
(dict)3968 1656 w
10 R f
( entries; oth\255)2 507(prints all matching)2 750 2 4143 1656 t
( options are)2 466( The)1 205(erwise it repeatedly accepts and executes commands.)6 2119 3 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 1944 w
10 I f
(dictname)1233 1944 w
10 R f
( default is)2 422( The)1 219(Use the given dictionary.)3 1046 3 1746 1944 t
10 I f
(oed)3472 1944 w
10 R f
( Oxford English)2 674(, the second edition of the)5 1102 2 3624 1944 t
( dictionaries printed with)3 1002(Dictionary. Available)1 890 2 1746 2064 t
10 CW f
(\255d?)3663 2064 w
(\255k)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(Print a pronunciation key.)3 1038 1 1746 2184 t
(Patterns are regular expressions \(see)4 1507 1 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(regexp)2626 2304 w
10 R f
( leading)1 334(\(6\)\), with an implicit)3 875 2 2905 2304 t
10 CW f
(^)4154 2304 w
10 R f
(and trailing)1 473 1 4254 2304 t
10 CW f
($)4767 2304 w
10 R f
( are)1 161(. Patterns)1 412 2 4827 2304 t
( default, both patterns and)4 1064( By)1 173(matched against an index of headwords and variants, to form a `match set'.)12 3083 3 1080 2424 t
( equivalents, and Latin\2551)3 1077(the index are folded: uppercase characters are mapped into their lowercase)10 3243 2 1080 2544 t
( a)1 73( interactive mode, there is always)5 1361( In)1 138(accented characters are mapped into their non\255accented equivalents.)7 2748 4 1080 2664 t
( can change either or both, as)6 1238( Commands)1 518( match set.)2 454(`current match set' and a `current entry' within the)8 2110 4 1080 2784 t
(well as print the entries or information about them.)8 2034 1 1080 2904 t
( have the form:)3 607( Addresses)1 460(Commands have an address followed by a command letter.)8 2360 3 1080 3024 t
10 CW f
(/)1080 3144 w
10 I f
(re)1148 3144 w
10 CW f
(/)1239 3144 w
10 R f
(Set the match set to all entries matching the regular expression)10 2502 1 1513 3144 t
10 I f
(re)4040 3144 w
10 R f
( Set)1 179( in dictionary order.)3 796(, sorted)1 294 3 4131 3144 t
(the current entry to the first of the match set.)9 1780 1 1513 3264 t
10 CW f
(!)1080 3384 w
10 I f
(re)1148 3384 w
10 CW f
(!)1239 3384 w
10 R f
(Like)1513 3384 w
10 CW f
(/)1721 3384 w
10 I f
(re)1789 3384 w
10 CW f
(/)1880 3384 w
10 R f
(but use exact matching, i.e., without case and accent folding.)9 2429 1 1965 3384 t
10 CW f
(/)1080 3504 w
10 I f
(re)1148 3504 w
10 CW f
(/.)1239 3504 w
10 I f
(n)1367 3504 w
10 R f
(Like)1513 3504 w
10 CW f
(/)1721 3504 w
10 I f
(re)1789 3504 w
10 CW f
(/)1880 3504 w
10 R f
(but set the current entry to the)6 1198 1 1965 3504 t
10 I f
(n)3188 3504 w
10 R f
(th of the match set.)4 763 1 3246 3504 t
10 CW f
(!)1080 3624 w
10 I f
(re)1148 3624 w
10 CW f
(!.)1239 3624 w
10 I f
(n)1367 3624 w
10 R f
(Like)1513 3624 w
10 CW f
(/)1721 3624 w
10 I f
(re)1789 3624 w
10 CW f
(/.)1880 3624 w
10 I f
(n)2008 3624 w
10 R f
(but without folding.)2 798 1 2083 3624 t
10 CW f
(.)1080 3744 w
10 I f
(n)1148 3744 w
10 R f
(Just change the current entry to the)6 1397 1 1513 3744 t
10 I f
(n)2935 3744 w
10 R f
(th of the current match set.)5 1070 1 2993 3744 t
10 I f
(n)1080 3864 w
10 R f
(An integer)1 424 1 1513 3864 t
10 I f
(n)1962 3864 w
10 R f
( the)1 147( \(See)1 227(is an absolute byte offset into the raw dictionary.)8 1950 3 2037 3864 t
10 CW f
(A)4386 3864 w
10 R f
(command, below.\))1 746 1 4471 3864 t
10 I f
(addr)1080 3984 w
10 CW f
(+)1277 3984 w
10 R f
( to)1 105(After setting the match set and current entry according)8 2186 2 1513 3984 t
10 I f
(addr)3831 3984 w
10 R f
(, change the match set and current)6 1372 1 4028 3984 t
( current)1 318(entry to be the next entry in the dictionary \(not necessarily in the match set\) after the)16 3569 2 1513 4104 t
(entry.)1513 4224 w
10 I f
(addr)1080 4344 w
10 CW f
(\255)1277 4344 w
10 R f
(Like)1513 4344 w
10 I f
(addr)1721 4344 w
10 CW f
(+)1918 4344 w
10 R f
(but go to previous dictionary entry.)5 1410 1 2003 4344 t
( lowercase)1 436( The)1 218( lowercase and the corresponding uppercase letter.)6 2091(The command letters come in pairs: a)6 1575 4 1080 4464 t
( entry to the next in the)6 1005(version prints something about the current entry only, and advances the current)11 3315 2 1080 4584 t
( prints something about)3 957( uppercase version)2 750( The)1 209(match set \(wrapping around to the beginning after the last\).)9 2404 4 1080 4704 t
(all of the match set and resets the current entry to the beginning of the set.)15 2956 1 1080 4824 t
10 CW f
(p)1080 4944 w
10 R f
(,)1140 4944 w
10 CW f
(P)1165 4944 w
10 R f
(Print the whole entry.)3 866 1 1380 4944 t
10 CW f
(h)1080 5064 w
10 R f
(,)1140 5064 w
10 CW f
(H)1165 5064 w
10 R f
(Print only the headword\(s\) of the entry.)6 1578 1 1380 5064 t
10 CW f
(a)1080 5184 w
10 R f
(,)1140 5184 w
10 CW f
(A)1165 5184 w
10 R f
(Print the dictionary byte offset of the entry.)7 1731 1 1380 5184 t
10 CW f
(r,)1080 5304 w
10 R f
( the whole entry in raw format \(without translating special characters, etc.\).)11 3004(R Print)1 375 2 1200 5304 t
(If no command letter is given, the last\255typed command letter is used.)11 2744 1 1080 5424 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 5592 t
10 CW f
(/lib/oed/oed2)1080 5712 w
(/lib/oed/oed2index)1080 5832 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6000 t
10 I f
(regexp)1080 6120 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1359 6120 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6288 t
10 R f
(A unicode font \(e.g.)3 801 1 1080 6408 t
10 CW f
(/lib/font/bit/pelm/unicode.9.font)1931 6408 w
10 R f
(\) should be used for best results.)6 1290 1 3911 6408 t
(If the regular expression pattern doesn't begin with a few literal characters, matching takes a long time.)16 4124 1 1080 6528 t
( 398)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( MAP)1 4183(MAP \( 7 \))3 357 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(map, mapdemo)1 616 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1721 1080 w
10 R f
(draw maps on various projections)4 1348 1 1811 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(map)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(projection)1285 1368 w
10 R f
([)1721 1368 w
10 I f
(option ...)1 356 1 1779 1368 t
10 R f
(])2160 1368 w
10 CW f
(mapdemo)1080 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Map)1080 1824 w
10 R f
( suitable for display by any plotting filter described in)9 2214(prepares on the standard output a map)6 1555 2 1294 1824 t
10 I f
(plot)5095 1824 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)5259 1824 w
(A menu of projections is produced in response to an unknown)10 2570 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(projection)3684 1944 w
10 R f
(.)4103 1944 w
10 I f
(Mapdemo)4187 1944 w
10 R f
(is a short course in)4 781 1 4619 1944 t
(mapping.)1080 2064 w
(The default data for)3 789 1 1080 2232 t
10 I f
(map)1894 2232 w
10 R f
( Option)1 328(are world shorelines.)2 834 2 2091 2232 t
10 CW f
(\255f)3278 2232 w
10 R f
(accesses more detailed data classified by feature.)6 1952 1 3423 2232 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 2400 w
10 R f
([)1225 2400 w
10 I f
(feature)1283 2400 w
10 R f
(... ])1 133 1 1591 2400 t
( include all)2 488(Features are ranked 1 \(default\) to 4 from major to minor Higher\255numbered ranks)12 3472 2 1440 2520 t
( are)1 146( Features)1 388(lower\255numbered ones.)1 892 3 1440 2640 t
10 CW f
(shore)1440 2808 w
10 R f
([)1740 2808 w
10 CW f
(1)1773 2808 w
10 R f
(\255)1833 2808 w
10 CW f
(4)1866 2808 w
10 R f
( lakes, and islands; option)4 1036(] seacoasts,)1 750 2 1926 2808 t
10 CW f
(\255f)3737 2808 w
10 R f
(always shows)1 552 1 3882 2808 t
10 CW f
(shore1)4459 2808 w
(ilake)1440 2928 w
10 R f
([)1740 2928 w
10 CW f
(1)1773 2928 w
10 R f
(\255)1833 2928 w
10 CW f
(2)1866 2928 w
10 R f
( lakes)1 230(] intermittent)1 821 2 1926 2928 t
10 CW f
(river)1440 3048 w
10 R f
([)1740 3048 w
10 CW f
(1)1773 3048 w
10 R f
(\255)1833 3048 w
10 CW f
(4)1866 3048 w
10 R f
(] rivers)1 581 1 1926 3048 t
10 CW f
(iriver)1440 3168 w
10 R f
([)1800 3168 w
10 CW f
(1)1833 3168 w
10 R f
(\255)1893 3168 w
10 CW f
(3)1926 3168 w
10 R f
( rivers)1 252(] intermittent)1 761 2 1986 3168 t
10 CW f
(canal)1440 3288 w
10 R f
([)1740 3288 w
10 CW f
(1)1773 3288 w
10 R f
(\255)1833 3288 w
10 CW f
(3)1866 3288 w
10 R f
(])1926 3288 w
10 CW f
(3)2280 3288 w
10 R f
(=irrigation canals)1 702 1 2340 3288 t
10 CW f
(glacier)1440 3408 w
(iceshelf)1440 3528 w
10 R f
([)1920 3528 w
10 CW f
(12)1953 3528 w
10 R f
(])2073 3528 w
10 CW f
(reef)1440 3648 w
(saltpan)1440 3768 w
10 R f
([)1860 3768 w
10 CW f
(12)1893 3768 w
10 R f
(])2013 3768 w
10 CW f
(country)1440 3888 w
10 R f
([)1860 3888 w
10 CW f
(1)1893 3888 w
10 R f
(\255)1953 3888 w
10 CW f
(3)1986 3888 w
10 R f
(])2046 3888 w
10 CW f
(2)2280 3888 w
10 R f
(=disputed boundaries,)1 883 1 2340 3888 t
10 CW f
(3)3248 3888 w
10 R f
(=indefinite boundaries)1 902 1 3308 3888 t
10 CW f
(state)1440 4008 w
10 R f
(states and provinces \(US and Canada only\))6 1719 1 2280 4008 t
(In other options coordinates are in degrees, with north latitude and west longitude counted as positive.)15 4081 1 1080 4176 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1080 4344 w
10 I f
(S N E W)3 336 1 1233 4344 t
10 R f
( argu\255)1 238( Missing)1 376(Set the southern and northern latitude and the eastern and western longitude limits.)12 3346 3 1440 4464 t
(ments are filled out from the list)6 1330 1 1440 4584 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2802 4584 w
10 R f
(90, 90,)1 281 1 2867 4584 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3179 4584 w
10 R f
(180, 180, or lesser limits suitable to the projection at)9 2156 1 3244 4584 t
(hand.)1440 4704 w
10 CW f
(\255k)1080 4872 w
10 I f
(S N E W)3 336 1 1233 4872 t
10 R f
(Set the scale as if for a map with limits)9 1575 1 1440 4992 t
10 CW f
(\255l)3042 4992 w
10 I f
(S N E W .)4 398 1 3189 4992 t
10 R f
(Do not consider any)3 816 1 3615 4992 t
10 CW f
(\255l)4459 4992 w
10 R f
(or)4607 4992 w
10 CW f
(\255w)4718 4992 w
10 R f
(option in set\255)2 534 1 4866 4992 t
(ting scale.)1 405 1 1440 5112 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 5280 w
10 I f
(lat lon rot)2 401 1 1233 5280 t
10 R f
( a transparent gridded sphere around the globe.)7 1901( Imagine)1 381( a nonstandard position.)3 967(Orient the map in)3 711 4 1440 5400 t
( about the North Pole so that the Prime Meridian \(longitude 0\) of the overlay)14 3265(Turn the overlay)2 695 2 1440 5520 t
(coincides with meridian)2 970 1 1440 5640 t
10 I f
(lon)2440 5640 w
10 R f
( North Pole of the overlay along its Prime)8 1719( tilt the)2 294( Then)1 260(on the globe.)2 529 4 2598 5640 t
(Meridian to latitude)2 804 1 1440 5760 t
10 I f
(lat)2274 5760 w
10 R f
( turn the overlay about its `North Pole' so that)9 1876( again)1 246( Finally)1 339(on the globe.)2 529 4 2410 5760 t
(its Prime Meridian coincides with the previous position of meridian)9 2797 1 1440 5880 t
10 I f
(rot)4272 5880 w
10 R f
( the)1 158( the map in)3 477(. Project)1 368 3 4397 5880 t
( presenting information from the underlying globe.)6 2100(standard form appropriate to the overlay, but)6 1860 2 1440 6000 t
( the absence of)3 601( In)1 134(Missing arguments are filled out from the list 90, 0, 0.)10 2173 3 1440 6120 t
10 CW f
(\255)4375 6120 w
10 R f
(o)4435 6120 w
10 CW f
(,)4485 6120 w
10 R f
(the orientation is 90,)3 828 1 4572 6120 t
(0,)1440 6240 w
10 I f
(m,)1540 6240 w
10 R f
(where)1662 6240 w
10 I f
(m)1930 6240 w
10 R f
(is the middle of the longitude range.)6 1446 1 2027 6240 t
10 CW f
(\255w)1080 6408 w
10 I f
(S N E W)3 336 1 1233 6408 t
10 R f
( coordinate system.)2 784(Window the map by the specified latitudes and longitudes in the tilted, rotated)12 3176 2 1440 6528 t
( from the list)3 535(Missing arguments are filled out)4 1331 2 1440 6648 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3338 6648 w
10 R f
(90, 90,)1 282 1 3403 6648 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3717 6648 w
10 R f
( is wise to give an encom\255)6 1085( \(It)1 151(180, 180.)1 382 3 3782 6648 t
(passing)1440 6768 w
10 CW f
(\255l)1774 6768 w
10 R f
(option with)1 468 1 1928 6768 t
10 CW f
(\255w)2430 6768 w
10 R f
( inversely with)2 614( for small windows computing time varies)6 1742(. Otherwise)1 494 3 2550 6768 t
(area!\))1440 6888 w
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 7056 w
10 I f
(n)1233 7056 w
10 R f
(For speed, plot only every)4 1046 1 1440 7056 t
10 I f
(n)2511 7056 w
10 R f
(th one.)1 272 1 2569 7056 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 399)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( MAP)1 4183(MAP \( 7 \))3 357 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 960 w
10 R f
(Reverse left and right, \(good for star charts and inside\255out views\).)10 2628 1 1440 960 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 1128 w
10 R f
( made under)2 507( Output)1 334(Save the screen, don't erase before drawing.)6 1802 3 1440 1128 t
10 CW f
(\255s)4115 1128 w
10 R f
(must be appended to output)4 1133 1 4267 1128 t
(of another)1 407 1 1440 1248 t
10 I f
(map)1872 1248 w
10 R f
(command.)2069 1248 w
10 CW f
(\255g)1080 1416 w
10 I f
(dlat dlon res)2 506 1 1233 1416 t
10 R f
(Grid spacings are)2 704 1 1440 1536 t
10 I f
(dlat, dlon.)1 412 1 2172 1536 t
10 R f
( Missing)1 377( no grid.)2 344(Zero spacing means)2 804 3 2612 1536 t
10 I f
(dlat)4166 1536 w
10 R f
( Miss\255)1 282(is taken to be zero.)4 767 2 4351 1536 t
(ing)1440 1656 w
10 I f
(dlon)1610 1656 w
10 R f
(is taken the same as)4 857 1 1830 1656 t
10 I f
(dlat)2728 1656 w
10 R f
( lines are drawn to a resolution of)7 1451(. Grid)1 274 2 2892 1656 t
10 I f
(res)4658 1656 w
10 R f
(\(2)4821 1656 w
10 S f
(\260)4904 1656 w
10 R f
(or less by)2 415 1 4985 1656 t
( the absence of)3 595(default\). In)1 468 2 1440 1776 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2528 1776 w
10 R f
(g)2593 1776 w
10 CW f
(,)2643 1776 w
10 R f
(grid spacing is 10)3 708 1 2728 1776 t
10 S f
(\260)3436 1776 w
10 R f
(.)3476 1776 w
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 1944 w
10 I f
(lat lon extent)2 522 1 1233 1944 t
10 R f
(Position the point)2 717 1 1440 2064 t
10 I f
(lat, lon)1 289 1 2187 2064 t
10 R f
( the map so that the height \(and)7 1299( Scale)1 271(at the center of the plotting area.)6 1324 3 2506 2064 t
(width\) of the nominal plotting area is)6 1524 1 1440 2184 t
10 I f
(extent)2995 2184 w
10 R f
( of latitude at the center.)5 995(times the size of one degree)5 1141 2 3264 2184 t
( An)1 189( the plotting area.)3 750(By default maps are scaled and positioned to fit within)9 2328 3 1440 2304 t
10 I f
(extent)4749 2304 w
10 R f
(overrides)5029 2304 w
(option)1440 2424 w
10 CW f
(\255k)1721 2424 w
10 R f
(.)1841 2424 w
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 2592 w
10 I f
(x y rot)2 255 1 1233 2592 t
10 R f
(After all other positioning and scaling operations have been performed, rotate the image)12 3794 1 1440 2712 t
10 I f
(rot)5283 2712 w
10 R f
( center and move the center to position)7 1564(degrees counterclockwise about the)3 1430 2 1440 2832 t
10 I f
(x, y,)1 165 1 4461 2832 t
10 R f
(where the nominal)2 747 1 4653 2832 t
(plotting area is)2 594 1 1440 2952 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2059 2952 w
10 R f
(1)2124 2952 w
10 S f
(\243)2182 2952 w
10 R f
(x)2245 2952 w
10 S f
(\243)2303 2952 w
10 R f
(1,)2366 2952 w
10 S1 f
(\261)2466 2952 w
10 R f
(1)2531 2952 w
10 S f
(\243)2589 2952 w
10 R f
(y)2652 2952 w
10 S f
(\243)2710 2952 w
10 R f
( arguments are taken to be 0.)6 1150(1. Missing)1 448 2 2773 2952 t
10 CW f
(\255m)1080 3120 w
10 R f
([)1225 3120 w
10 I f
(file)1283 3120 w
10 R f
(... ])1 133 1 1436 3120 t
( do not exist as)4 616( that)1 178( Names)1 330( no files are named, omit map data.)7 1427( If)1 119(Use map data from named files.)5 1290 6 1440 3240 t
(pathnames are looked up in a standard directory, which contains, in addition to the data for)15 3630 1 1440 3360 t
10 CW f
(\255f)5095 3360 w
10 R f
(,)5215 3360 w
10 CW f
(world)1440 3528 w
10 R f
(World Data Bank I \(default\))4 1130 1 2040 3528 t
10 CW f
(states)1440 3648 w
10 R f
(US map from Census Bureau)4 1171 1 2040 3648 t
10 CW f
(counties)1440 3768 w
10 R f
(US map from Census Bureau)4 1171 1 2040 3768 t
(The environment variables)2 1070 1 1440 3936 t
10 CW f
(MAP)2535 3936 w
10 R f
(and)2740 3936 w
10 CW f
(MAPDIR)2909 3936 w
10 R f
(change the default map and default directory.)6 1809 1 3294 3936 t
10 CW f
(\255b)1080 4104 w
10 R f
([)1233 4104 w
10 I f
(lat0 lon0 lat1 lon1)3 743 1 1266 4104 t
10 R f
(... ])1 133 1 2009 4104 t
(Suppress the drawing of the normal boundary \(defined by options)9 2735 1 1440 4224 t
10 CW f
(\255l)4212 4224 w
10 R f
(and)4370 4224 w
10 CW f
(\255w)4552 4224 w
10 R f
( if)1 99(\). Coordinates,)1 629 2 4672 4224 t
( only two vertices are)4 911( If)1 130(present, define the vertices of a polygon to which the map is clipped.)12 2919 3 1440 4344 t
( vertices as a)3 524( draw the polygon, give its)5 1081( To)1 164(given, they are taken to be the diagonal of a rectangle.)10 2191 4 1440 4464 t
10 CW f
(\255u)1440 4584 w
10 R f
(track.)1585 4584 w
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 4752 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1233 4752 t
10 R f
(The)1440 4872 w
10 I f
(files)1634 4872 w
10 R f
( the first file is)4 643( If)1 131(contain lists of points, given as latitude\255longitude pairs in degrees.)9 2786 3 1840 4872 t
(named)1440 4992 w
10 CW f
(\255)1747 4992 w
10 R f
( plotted as connected)3 885( points of each list are)5 959( The)1 221(, the standard input is taken instead.)6 1528 4 1807 4992 t
(`tracks'.)1440 5112 w
( label may be)3 556( A)1 129( track.)1 256( label breaks the)3 669( A)1 128(Points in a track file may be followed by label strings.)10 2222 6 1440 5280 t
(prefixed by)1 464 1 1440 5400 t
10 CW f
(")1971 5400 w
10 R f
(,)2031 5400 w
10 CW f
(:)2088 5400 w
10 R f
(, or)1 140 1 2148 5400 t
10 CW f
(!)2320 5400 w
10 R f
( unprefixed string or a string prefixed)6 1533( An)1 178(and is terminated by a newline.)5 1278 3 2411 5400 t
(with)1440 5520 w
10 CW f
(")1678 5520 w
10 R f
( first word of a)4 593( The)1 205(is displayed at the designated point.)5 1427 3 1763 5520 t
10 CW f
(:)4013 5520 w
10 R f
(or)4098 5520 w
10 CW f
(!)4206 5520 w
10 R f
(string names a special sym\255)4 1108 1 4292 5520 t
(bol \(see option)2 606 1 1440 5640 t
10 CW f
(\255y)2076 5640 w
10 R f
( optional numerical second word is a scale factor for the size of the sym\255)14 2969(\). An)1 235 2 2196 5640 t
( A)1 125(bol, 1 by default.)3 689 2 1440 5760 t
10 CW f
(:)2282 5760 w
10 R f
(symbol is aligned with its top to the north; a)9 1792 1 2370 5760 t
10 CW f
(!)4191 5760 w
10 R f
(symbol is aligned vertically)3 1120 1 4280 5760 t
(on the page.)2 485 1 1440 5880 t
10 CW f
(\255u)1080 6048 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1233 6048 t
10 R f
(Same as)1 342 1 1440 6168 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1819 6168 w
10 R f
( \()1 96( tracks are unbroken lines.)4 1102(, except the)2 481 3 1939 6168 t
10 CW f
(\255t)3618 6168 w
10 R f
(tracks appear as dot\255dashed lines if the)6 1624 1 3776 6168 t
(plotting filter supports them.\))3 1178 1 1440 6288 t
10 CW f
(\255y)1080 6456 w
10 I f
(file)1233 6456 w
10 R f
(The)1440 6456 w
10 I f
(file)1623 6456 w
10 R f
(contains)1779 6456 w
10 I f
(plot)2140 6456 w
10 R f
(\(6\)\255style data for)2 676 1 2304 6456 t
10 CW f
(:)3008 6456 w
10 R f
(or)3096 6456 w
10 CW f
(!)3207 6456 w
10 R f
(labels in)1 339 1 3295 6456 t
10 CW f
(\255t)3663 6456 w
10 R f
(or)3812 6456 w
10 CW f
(\255u)3924 6456 w
10 R f
( symbol is defined by)4 877(files. Each)1 450 2 4073 6456 t
(a comment)1 448 1 1440 6576 t
10 CW f
(:)1920 6576 w
10 I f
(name)1988 6576 w
10 R f
(then a sequence of)3 760 1 2236 6576 t
10 CW f
(m)3028 6576 w
10 R f
(and)3120 6576 w
10 CW f
(v)3296 6576 w
10 R f
( fall on the plotting)4 791( \(0,0\))1 223(commands. Coordinates)1 998 3 3388 6576 t
( scaling is as if the nominal plotting range were)9 1895(point. Default)1 580 2 1440 6696 t
10 CW f
( \2551 1 1)3 423(ra \2551)1 300 2 3940 6696 t
10 R f
(;)4663 6696 w
10 CW f
(ra)4717 6696 w
10 R f
(commands in)1 537 1 4863 6696 t
10 I f
(file)1440 6816 w
10 R f
(change the scaling.)2 762 1 1593 6816 t
( s)1 2( on ns)2 93( ti io)2 82( ec ct)2 76( je)1 46( oj)1 30( ro)1 52(P Pr)1 91 8 870 6984 t
( are straight horizontal lines.)4 1140( Parallels)1 394(Equatorial projections centered on the Prime Meridian \(longitude 0\).)8 2743 3 1080 7104 t
( 400)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( MAP)1 4183(MAP \( 7 \))3 357 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(mercator)1080 960 w
10 R f
(equally spaced straight meridians, conformal, straight compass courses)7 2837 1 2160 960 t
10 CW f
(sinusoidal)1080 1080 w
10 R f
(equally spaced parallels, equal\255area, same as)5 1780 1 2160 1080 t
10 CW f
(bonne 0)1 420 1 3965 1080 t
10 R f
(.)4385 1080 w
10 CW f
(cylequalarea)1080 1200 w
10 I f
(lat0)1833 1200 w
10 R f
(equally spaced straight meridians, equal\255area, true scale on)7 2352 1 2160 1200 t
10 I f
(lat0)4537 1200 w
10 CW f
(cylindrical)1080 1320 w
10 R f
(central projection on tangent cylinder)4 1497 1 2160 1320 t
10 CW f
(rectangular)1080 1440 w
10 I f
(lat0)1773 1440 w
10 R f
(equally spaced parallels, equally spaced straight meridians, true scale on)9 2891 1 2160 1440 t
10 I f
(lat0)5076 1440 w
10 CW f
(gall)1080 1560 w
10 I f
(lat0)1353 1560 w
10 R f
( on prime meridian, equally spaced straight)6 1854(parallels spaced stereographically)2 1386 2 2160 1560 t
(meridians, true scale on)3 948 1 2160 1680 t
10 I f
(lat0)3133 1680 w
10 CW f
(mollweide)1080 1800 w
10 R f
(\(homalographic\) equal\255area, hemisphere is a circle)5 2021 1 2160 1800 t
( are equally)2 481( Meridians)1 463( are concentric circles.)3 920( Parallels)1 402( Pole.)1 236(Azimuthal projections centered on the North)5 1818 6 1080 1968 t
(spaced radial lines.)2 762 1 1080 2088 t
10 CW f
(azequidistant)1080 2256 w
10 R f
(equally spaced parallels, true distances from pole)6 1965 1 2160 2256 t
10 CW f
(azequalarea)1080 2376 w
10 R f
(equal\255area)2160 2376 w
10 CW f
(gnomonic)1080 2496 w
10 R f
(central projection on tangent plane, straight great circles)7 2245 1 2160 2496 t
10 CW f
(perspective)1080 2616 w
10 I f
(dist)1773 2616 w
10 R f
(viewed along earth's axis)3 1017 1 2160 2616 t
10 I f
(dist)3202 2616 w
10 R f
(earth radii from center of earth)5 1226 1 3372 2616 t
10 CW f
(orthographic)1080 2736 w
10 R f
(viewed from infinity)2 827 1 2160 2736 t
10 CW f
(stereographic)1080 2856 w
10 R f
(conformal, projected from opposite pole)4 1611 1 2160 2856 t
10 CW f
(laue)1080 2976 w
10 I f
(radius)2160 2976 w
10 R f
(= tan\(2)1 286 1 2449 2976 t
10 S f
(\264)2735 2976 w
10 I f
(colatitude)2798 2976 w
10 R f
(\), used in xray crystallography)4 1217 1 3206 2976 t
10 CW f
(fisheye)1080 3096 w
10 I f
(r radius)1 883 1 1533 3096 t
10 R f
(= log\()1 250 1 2457 3096 t
10 I f
(colatitude)2715 3096 w
10 R f
(/)3123 3096 w
10 I f
(r)3159 3096 w
10 R f
(\):)3206 3096 w
10 I f
(New Yorker)1 483 1 3300 3096 t
10 R f
( viewing pedestal of radius)4 1112(map from)1 399 2 3816 3096 t
10 I f
(r)5361 3096 w
10 R f
(degrees)2160 3216 w
( are segments of concentric circles.)5 1436( Parallels)1 400(Polar conic projections symmetric about the Prime Meridian.)7 2484 3 1080 3384 t
(Except in the Bonne projection, meridians are equally spaced radial lines orthogonal to the parallels.)14 4010 1 1080 3504 t
10 CW f
(conic)1080 3672 w
10 I f
(lat0)1413 3672 w
10 R f
(central projection on cone tangent at)5 1455 1 2160 3672 t
10 I f
(lat0)3640 3672 w
10 CW f
(simpleconic)1080 3792 w
10 I f
(lat0 lat1)1 337 1 1773 3792 t
10 R f
(equally spaced parallels, true scale on)5 1507 1 2160 3792 t
10 I f
(lat0)3692 3792 w
10 R f
(and)3873 3792 w
10 I f
(lat1)4042 3792 w
10 CW f
(lambert)1080 3912 w
10 I f
(lat0 lat1)1 337 1 1533 3912 t
10 R f
(conformal, true scale on)3 964 1 2160 3912 t
10 I f
(lat0)3149 3912 w
10 R f
(and)3330 3912 w
10 I f
(lat1)3499 3912 w
10 CW f
(albers)1080 4032 w
10 I f
(lat0 lat1)1 337 1 1473 4032 t
10 R f
(equal\255area, true scale on)3 968 1 2160 4032 t
10 I f
(lat0)3153 4032 w
10 R f
(and)3334 4032 w
10 I f
(lat1)3503 4032 w
10 CW f
(bonne)1080 4152 w
10 I f
(lat0)1413 4152 w
10 R f
(equally spaced parallels, equal\255area, parallel)4 1766 1 2160 4152 t
10 I f
(lat0)3951 4152 w
10 R f
(developed from tangent cone)3 1161 1 4132 4152 t
(Projections with bilateral symmetry about the Prime Meridian and the equator.)10 3144 1 1080 4320 t
10 CW f
(polyconic)1080 4488 w
10 R f
(parallels developed from tangent cones, equally spaced along Prime Meridian)9 3105 1 2160 4488 t
10 CW f
(aitoff)1080 4608 w
10 R f
(equal\255area projection of globe onto 2\255to\2551 ellipse, based on)8 2359 1 2160 4608 t
10 I f
(azequalarea)4544 4608 w
10 CW f
(lagrange)1080 4728 w
10 R f
(conformal, maps whole sphere into a circle)6 1721 1 2160 4728 t
10 CW f
(bicentric)1080 4848 w
10 I f
(lon0)1653 4848 w
10 R f
( the equator at longitudes)4 1090(points plotted at true azimuth from two centers on)8 2150 2 2160 4848 t
10 I f
(\261lon0,)2160 4968 w
10 R f
(great circles are straight lines \(a stretched)6 1656 1 2456 4968 t
10 I f
(gnomonic)4137 4968 w
10 R f
(\))4556 4968 w
10 CW f
(elliptic)1080 5088 w
10 I f
(lon0)1593 5088 w
10 R f
( at true distance from two centers on the equator at longitudes)11 2674(points plotted)1 566 2 2160 5088 t
10 I f
(\261lon0)2160 5208 w
10 CW f
(globular)1080 5328 w
10 R f
( equally spaced on equator, circular)5 1473(hemisphere is circle, circular arc meridians)5 1767 2 2160 5328 t
(arc parallels equally spaced on 0\255 and 90\255degree meridians)8 2343 1 2160 5448 t
10 CW f
(vandergrinten)1080 5568 w
10 R f
( circle, meridians as in)4 1049(sphere is)1 388 2 2160 5568 t
10 I f
(globular,)3659 5568 w
10 R f
(circular arc parallels resemble)3 1309 1 4091 5568 t
10 I f
(mercator)2160 5688 w
10 R f
(Doubly periodic conformal projections.)3 1581 1 1080 5856 t
10 CW f
(guyou)1080 6024 w
10 R f
(W and E hemispheres are square)5 1304 1 2160 6024 t
10 CW f
(square)1080 6144 w
10 R f
(world is square with Poles at diagonally opposite corners)8 2281 1 2160 6144 t
10 CW f
(tetra)1080 6264 w
10 R f
( S Pole, unfolded into)4 874(map on tetrahedron with edge tangent to Prime Meridian at)9 2366 2 2160 6264 t
(equilateral triangle)1 751 1 2160 6384 t
10 CW f
(hex)1080 6504 w
10 R f
( on N Pole, N and S hemispheres are equilateral trian\255)10 2184(world is hexagon centered)3 1056 2 2160 6504 t
(gles)2160 6624 w
(Miscellaneous projections.)1 1071 1 1080 6792 t
10 CW f
(harrison)1080 6960 w
10 I f
(dist angle)1 392 1 1593 6960 t
10 R f
(oblique perspective from above the North Pole,)6 1966 1 2160 6960 t
10 I f
(dist)4163 6960 w
10 R f
(earth radii from center of)4 1054 1 4346 6960 t
(earth, looking along the Date Line)5 1370 1 2160 7080 t
10 I f
(angle)3555 7080 w
10 R f
(degrees off vertical)2 769 1 3802 7080 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 401)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( MAP)1 4183(MAP \( 7 \))3 357 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(trapezoidal)1080 960 w
10 I f
(lat0 lat1)1 337 1 1773 960 t
10 R f
( straight meridians equally spaced along parallels, true)7 2244(equally spaced parallels,)2 996 2 2160 960 t
(scale at)1 296 1 2160 1080 t
10 I f
(lat0)2481 1080 w
10 R f
(and)2662 1080 w
10 I f
(lat1)2831 1080 w
10 R f
(on Prime Meridian)2 755 1 3012 1080 t
( lati\255)1 194( every point the angle between vertical and a straight line to `Mecca',)12 2852( At)1 157(Retroazimuthal projections.)1 1117 4 1080 1248 t
(tude)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(lat0)1277 1368 w
10 R f
(on the prime meridian, is the true bearing of Mecca.)9 2076 1 1458 1368 t
10 CW f
(mecca)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(lat0)1413 1536 w
10 R f
(equally spaced vertical meridians)3 1333 1 2160 1536 t
10 CW f
(homing)1080 1656 w
10 I f
(lat0)1473 1656 w
10 R f
(distances to Mecca are true)4 1085 1 2160 1656 t
( projections do not make sense for tilted orienta\255)8 2024( geodetic quality, these)3 951( Of)1 165(Maps based on the spheroid.)4 1180 4 1080 1824 t
( descriptions, see corresponding maps above.)5 1805(tions. For)1 409 2 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
(sp_mercator)1080 2112 w
(sp_albers)1080 2232 w
10 I f
(lat0 lat1)1 337 1 1653 2232 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 2400 t
10 CW f
(map perspective 1.025 \255o 40.75 74)5 1980 1 1080 2520 t
10 R f
( The)1 207( down on New York from 100 miles \(0.025 of the 4000\255mile earth radius\) up.)14 3129(A view looking)2 624 3 1440 2640 t
( limiting the map so as not to `plot' the invisible part of the world:)14 2720(job can be done faster by)5 1030 2 1440 2760 t
10 CW f
(map)5220 2760 w
( 30 100)2 452(perspective 1.025 \255o 40.75 74 \255l 20 60)7 2385 2 1440 2880 t
10 R f
( circular border can be)4 960(. A)1 163 2 4277 2880 t
(forced by adding option)3 1002 1 1440 3000 t
10 CW f
(\255w 77.33)1 495 1 2482 3000 t
10 R f
( 77.33)1 265(. \(Latitude)1 456 2 2977 3000 t
10 S f
(\260)3698 3000 w
10 R f
( inside a polar cap of opening)6 1265(falls just)1 357 2 3778 3000 t
(angle arccos\(1.025\) = 12.6804)3 1217 1 1440 3120 t
10 S f
(\260)2657 3120 w
10 R f
(.\))2697 3120 w
10 CW f
(map mercator \255o 49.25 \255106 180)5 1800 1 1080 3288 t
10 R f
( pole of the map is placed 90)7 1186( The)1 210( earth centered on New York.)5 1204(An `equatorial' map of the)4 1080 4 1440 3408 t
10 S f
(\260)5120 3408 w
10 R f
(away)5190 3408 w
( 180)1 176( A)1 123( earth.)1 250(\(40.75+49.25=90\) on the other side of the)6 1683 4 1440 3528 t
10 S f
(\260)3672 3528 w
10 R f
(twist around the pole of the map arranges)7 1662 1 3738 3528 t
(that the `Prime Meridian' of the map runs from the pole of the map over the North Pole to New)19 3960 1 1440 3648 t
( same effect can be had from)6 1157( The)1 206( earth.)1 250(York instead of down the back side of the)8 1685 4 1440 3768 t
10 CW f
(map merca\255)1 601 1 4799 3768 t
(tor \255o 130.75 74)3 960 1 1440 3888 t
(map albers 28 45 \255l 20 50 60 130 \255m states)10 2520 1 1080 4056 t
10 R f
(A customary curved\255latitude map of the United States.)7 2180 1 1440 4176 t
10 CW f
(map harrison 2 30 \255l \25590 90 120 240 \255o 90 0 0)12 2700 1 1080 4344 t
10 R f
( view covering 60)3 736(A fan)1 229 2 1440 4464 t
10 S f
(\260)2405 4464 w
10 R f
(on either side of the Date Line, as seen from one earth radius above the)14 2924 1 2476 4464 t
(North Pole gazing at the earth's limb, which is 30)9 2140 1 1440 4584 t
10 S f
(\260)3580 4584 w
10 R f
( The)1 222(off vertical.)1 482 2 3662 4584 t
10 CW f
(\255o)4408 4584 w
10 R f
(option overrides the)2 831 1 4569 4584 t
(default)1440 4704 w
10 CW f
(\255o 90 0 180)3 660 1 1742 4704 t
10 R f
(, which would rotate the scene to behind the observer.)9 2154 1 2402 4704 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 4872 t
10 CW f
(/lib/map/[1\2554]??)1080 4992 w
10 R f
(World Data Bank II, for)4 961 1 2160 4992 t
10 CW f
(\255f)3146 4992 w
(/lib/map/*)1080 5112 w
10 R f
(maps for)1 352 1 2160 5112 t
10 CW f
(\255m)2537 5112 w
(/lib/map/*.x)1080 5232 w
10 R f
(map indexes)1 502 1 2160 5232 t
10 CW f
(/bin/aux/mapd)1080 5352 w
10 R f
(Map driver program)2 809 1 2160 5352 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5520 t
10 I f
(map)1080 5640 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)1260 5640 w
10 I f
(plot)1426 5640 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1590 5640 w
10 I f
(tiger)1756 5640 w
10 R f
(\(7\))1953 5640 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 5808 t
10 R f
(`Map seems to be empty')4 1047 1 1080 5928 t
10 S1 f
(\320)2127 5928 w
10 R f
( extent within the)3 724(a coarse survey found zero)4 1100 2 2227 5928 t
10 CW f
(\255l)4085 5928 w
10 R f
(and)4239 5928 w
10 CW f
(\255w)4417 5928 w
10 R f
(bounds; for maps of)3 829 1 4571 5928 t
(limited extent the grid resolution,)4 1336 1 1080 6048 t
10 I f
(res,)2441 6048 w
10 R f
(or the limits may have to be refined.)7 1448 1 2613 6048 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6216 t
10 R f
(Windows \(option)1 697 1 1080 6336 t
10 CW f
(\255w)1802 6336 w
10 R f
(\) cannot cross the Date Line.)5 1147 1 1922 6336 t
(No borders appear along edges arising from visibility limits.)8 2412 1 1080 6456 t
(Segments that cross a border are dropped, not clipped.)8 2168 1 1080 6576 t
(Excessively large scale or)3 1033 1 1080 6696 t
10 CW f
(\255d)2138 6696 w
10 R f
(setting may cause long line segments to be dropped.)8 2084 1 2283 6696 t
10 I f
(Map)1080 6816 w
10 R f
(tries to draw grid lines dotted and)6 1361 1 1291 6816 t
10 CW f
(\255t)2680 6816 w
10 R f
( properly support)2 696( very few plotting filters)4 983( As)1 164(tracks dot\255dashed.)1 729 4 2828 6816 t
(curved textured lines, these lines are likely to appear solid.)9 2343 1 1080 6936 t
(The west\255longitude\255positive convention betrays Yankee chauvinism.)5 2746 1 1080 7056 t
( 402)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( OED)1 4195(OED \( 7 \))3 345 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(oed)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1249 1080 w
10 R f
(Oxford English Dictionary)2 1071 1 1339 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(oed)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 I f
(options)1343 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1663 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255)1779 1368 w
10 R f
([)1839 1368 w
10 CW f
(iI)1872 1368 w
10 R f
(])1992 1368 w
10 I f
(index)2050 1368 w
10 R f
(])2291 1368 w
10 I f
(word...)2349 1368 w
10 CW f
(oed \255b)1 325 1 1080 1488 t
10 I f
(addr)1413 1488 w
10 R f
([)1627 1488 w
10 I f
(options...)1685 1488 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2080 1488 t
10 I f
(sections...)2196 1488 w
10 R f
(])2618 1488 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 R f
( or more)2 344(Given one)1 415 2 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(word)1867 1776 w
10 R f
(arguments,)2101 1776 w
10 CW f
(oed)2570 1776 w
10 R f
(prints the matching main entry or entries from the first edition of)11 2622 1 2778 1776 t
( options for this case are:)5 1001( Flag)1 228(the OED with Supplements.)3 1122 3 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(Match all entries having)3 968 1 1596 2064 t
10 I f
(word)2589 2064 w
10 R f
(as a prefix.)2 440 1 2820 2064 t
10 CW f
(\255I)1080 2184 w
10 I f
(index)1208 2184 w
10 R f
(Print sections of the dictionary in which, according to the)9 2292 1 1596 2184 t
10 I f
(index)3913 2184 w
10 R f
(, the)1 172 1 4137 2184 t
10 I f
(word)4334 2184 w
10 R f
(appears.)4565 2184 w
10 CW f
(\255i)1080 2304 w
10 I f
(index)1208 2304 w
10 R f
(Like)1596 2304 w
10 CW f
(\255I)1804 2304 w
10 R f
(, but only head words are printed, along with a command that will print the rest.)15 3191 1 1924 2304 t
(Available indexes are:)2 892 1 1080 2472 t
10 CW f
(le)1080 2640 w
10 I f
(Word)1440 2640 w
10 R f
(is a lexical entry \(the default\).)5 1197 1 1687 2640 t
10 CW f
(et)1080 2808 w
10 I f
(Word)1440 2808 w
10 R f
(appears in an etymology article.)4 1278 1 1687 2808 t
10 CW f
(se)1080 2976 w
10 R f
(Sense:)1440 2976 w
10 I f
(word)1726 2976 w
10 R f
(is used in a definition.)4 886 1 1957 2976 t
10 CW f
(la)1080 3144 w
10 I f
(Word)1440 3144 w
10 R f
(is used as a label.)4 696 1 1687 3144 t
10 CW f
(qd)1080 3312 w
10 I f
(Word)1440 3312 w
10 R f
(appears in the date of a quoted work.)7 1474 1 1687 3312 t
10 CW f
(qa)1080 3480 w
10 I f
(Word)1440 3480 w
10 R f
(is the author of a quoted work.)6 1223 1 1687 3480 t
10 CW f
(qw)1080 3648 w
10 I f
(Word)1440 3648 w
10 R f
(is the title of a quoted work.)6 1124 1 1687 3648 t
10 CW f
(qt)1080 3816 w
10 I f
(Word)1440 3816 w
10 R f
(appears in the text of a quoted work.)7 1458 1 1687 3816 t
(Except in the case of)4 843 1 1080 3984 t
10 CW f
(le)1951 3984 w
10 R f
( an entry relevant to the)5 965(, the program prints only the sections of)7 1614 2 2071 3984 t
10 I f
(word)4679 3984 w
10 R f
(, e.g., index\255)2 507 1 4893 3984 t
(ing through)1 464 1 1080 4104 t
10 CW f
(qt)1569 4104 w
10 R f
(produces the head word, a sense article, and the quotation.)9 2328 1 1714 4104 t
(The second form of)3 784 1 1080 4272 t
10 CW f
(oed)1889 4272 w
10 R f
(uses file block addressing, primarily for the use of)8 2005 1 2094 4272 t
10 CW f
(oed \255i...)1 540 1 4124 4272 t
10 R f
( are:)1 174(. Options)1 392 2 4664 4272 t
10 CW f
(\255a)1080 4440 w
10 R f
(Print starting addresses and tags for each section.)7 1963 1 1596 4440 t
10 CW f
(\255b)1080 4560 w
10 I f
(addr)1208 4560 w
10 R f
(Print the dictionary starting with block)5 1547 1 1596 4560 t
10 I f
(addr)3168 4560 w
10 R f
(.)3365 4560 w
10 CW f
(\255b)1080 4680 w
10 I f
(a)1208 4680 w
10 CW f
(.)1266 4680 w
10 I f
(d)1334 4680 w
10 R f
(Print the dictionary starting with the)5 1467 1 1596 4680 t
10 I f
(d)3092 4680 w
10 R f
( from zero\) in block)4 818('th definition \(counting)2 941 2 3150 4680 t
10 I f
(a)4939 4680 w
10 R f
(. Printing)1 403 1 4997 4680 t
(stops at the end of this definition, or when the block specified with)12 2667 1 1596 4800 t
10 CW f
(\255e)4288 4800 w
10 R f
(is reached.)1 426 1 4433 4800 t
10 CW f
(\255e)1080 4920 w
10 I f
(addr)1208 4920 w
10 R f
(Stop printing when block)3 1014 1 1596 4920 t
10 I f
(addr)2635 4920 w
10 R f
(is reached.)1 426 1 2849 4920 t
(Specific)1080 5088 w
10 I f
(sections)1432 5088 w
10 R f
(or parts thereof may be selected within a definition, as follows:)10 2521 1 1779 5088 t
10 I f
(n)1080 5256 w
10 R f
(Section number)1 630 1 1670 5256 t
10 I f
(n)2325 5256 w
10 R f
(\(decimal\).)2400 5256 w
10 I f
(n)1080 5376 w
10 R f
(.)1138 5376 w
10 I f
(ttt)1171 5376 w
10 R f
(Parts of section)2 616 1 1670 5376 t
10 I f
(n)2311 5376 w
10 R f
(\(decimal\) having tag)2 826 1 2386 5376 t
10 I f
(ttt)3237 5376 w
10 R f
(\(hex\).)3346 5376 w
10 I f
(n)1080 5496 w
10 R f
(.)1138 5496 w
10 I f
(ttt)1171 5496 w
10 R f
(.)1263 5496 w
10 I f
(mmm)1296 5496 w
10 R f
(Parts of section)2 624 1 1670 5496 t
10 I f
(n)2323 5496 w
10 R f
(\(decimal\) having tag)2 836 1 2403 5496 t
10 I f
(ttt)3269 5496 w
10 R f
(\(hex\), but only tag bits)4 928 1 3383 5496 t
10 I f
(mmm)4341 5496 w
10 R f
(\(hex\) are significant)2 813 1 4587 5496 t
(in the comparison.)2 741 1 1670 5616 t
(Options applicable to both forms are:)5 1490 1 1080 5784 t
10 CW f
(\255k)1080 5952 w
10 R f
(Print the pronunciation key and exit.)5 1460 1 1596 5952 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 6072 w
10 R f
(Print the raw text from the dictionary, instead of a more readable form.)12 2833 1 1596 6072 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 6240 t
10 CW f
(oed poot)1 480 1 1080 6360 t
10 R f
(Look up the word)3 713 1 1440 6480 t
10 CW f
(poot)2178 6480 w
10 R f
(.)2418 6480 w
10 CW f
(oed \255i qt poot)3 840 1 1080 6648 t
10 R f
(Show words used with)3 908 1 1440 6768 t
10 CW f
(poot)2373 6768 w
10 R f
(in quoted text.)2 575 1 2638 6768 t
10 CW f
(oed \255i la spiritualism)3 1320 1 1080 6936 t
10 R f
(Show words cited as terms of art in spiritualism.)8 1935 1 1440 7056 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 403)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( OED)1 4195(OED \( 7 \))3 345 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 960 t
10 CW f
(/lib/oed/rcd0)1080 1080 w
9 R f
(CDROM)1980 1080 w
10 R f
(image.)2335 1080 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 1248 t
10 R f
(The)1080 1368 w
10 CW f
(qa)1266 1368 w
10 R f
(and)1417 1368 w
10 CW f
(qw)1592 1368 w
10 R f
( for dates in the)4 645( Entries)1 339(indexes make heavy use of unpredictable abbreviations.)6 2267 3 1743 1368 t
10 CW f
(qd)5026 1368 w
10 R f
(index)5178 1368 w
(include references that are)3 1048 1 1080 1488 t
10 I f
(ante)2153 1488 w
10 R f
(,)2333 1488 w
10 I f
(post)2383 1488 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 2558 1488 t
10 I f
(circa)2777 1488 w
10 R f
(; the program does not distinguish these.)6 1619 1 2990 1488 t
( flagged by)2 495(Tabular and other typographically complicated material is missing from the database, and)11 3825 2 1080 1656 t
10 CW f
({...})1080 1776 w
10 R f
(.)1380 1776 w
( main entry may be missing from the)7 1558(A cross\255reference that is not a)5 1248 2 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
(le)3923 1944 w
10 R f
(index \(e.g.,)1 461 1 4080 1944 t
10 I f
(kinesthesia)4578 1944 w
10 R f
(refers to)1 341 1 5059 1944 t
10 I f
(kin\346sthesia)1080 2064 w
10 R f
( definition is found under)4 1044(, but the)2 341 2 1555 2064 t
10 I f
(kin\346sthesis)2972 2064 w
10 R f
(\). The)1 270 1 3436 2064 t
10 CW f
(\255p)3738 2064 w
10 R f
(flag with a long prefix of the desired)7 1510 1 3890 2064 t
(word is often successful.)3 987 1 1080 2184 t
( 404)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( SCAT)1 4144(SCAT \( 7 \))3 396 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(scat)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1260 1080 w
10 R f
(sky catalogue)1 546 1 1350 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(scat)1080 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Scat)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( solar system and implements database\255like manipu\255)6 2104(looks up items in catalogues of objects outside the)8 2018 2 1278 1656 t
(lations on sets of such objects.)5 1216 1 1080 1776 t
( the lookup)2 454( result of)2 357( The)1 206(Items are read, one per line, from the standard input and looked up in the catalogs.)15 3303 4 1080 1944 t
( each lookup or command, if more)6 1432( After)1 269( available to the database commands.)5 1531(becomes the set of objects)4 1088 4 1080 2064 t
(than two objects are in the set,)6 1248 1 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(scat)2359 2184 w
10 R f
( the objects')2 502(prints how many objects are in the set; otherwise it prints)10 2347 2 2551 2184 t
(descriptions or cross\255index listings \(suitable for input to)7 2235 1 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(scat)3340 2304 w
10 R f
( item is in one of the following formats:)8 1594(\). An)1 230 2 3509 2304 t
10 CW f
(ngc1234)1080 2472 w
10 R f
( output identifies)2 686( The)1 208(Number 1234 in the Revised New General Catalogue of Nonstellar Objects.)10 3066 3 1440 2592 t
(the type \()2 419 1 1440 2712 t
10 CW f
(eg)1859 2712 w
10 R f
(=galaxy,)1979 2712 w
10 CW f
(pn)2372 2712 w
10 R f
(=planetary nebula,)1 764 1 2492 2712 t
10 CW f
(gc)3302 2712 w
10 R f
(=globular cluster,)1 726 1 3422 2712 t
10 CW f
(oc)4194 2712 w
10 R f
(=open cluster,)1 587 1 4314 2712 t
10 CW f
(dn)4947 2712 w
10 R f
(=diffuse)5067 2712 w
(nebula or)1 381 1 1440 2832 t
10 CW f
(nc)1853 2832 w
10 R f
( possibly contained within the Large Magellanic Cloud \()8 2323(=nebular cluster\),)1 711 2 1973 2832 t
10 CW f
(in lmc)1 360 1 5007 2832 t
10 R f
(\))5367 2832 w
(or Small Magellanic Cloud \()4 1156 1 1440 2952 t
10 CW f
(in smc)1 360 1 2596 2952 t
10 R f
(\), its position in 2000.0 coordinates and galactic coordinates,)8 2444 1 2956 2952 t
(and a brief description.)3 920 1 1440 3072 t
10 CW f
(sao12345)1080 3240 w
10 R f
( identifies the visual and)4 997( Output)1 333( Astrophysical Star Catalogue.)3 1236(Number 12345 in the Smithsonian)4 1394 4 1440 3360 t
( 2000.0 coordinates, proper motion, spectral type, multiplicity and vari\255)9 2915(photographic magnitudes,)1 1045 2 1440 3480 t
(ability class, and HD number.)4 1193 1 1440 3600 t
10 CW f
(m4)1080 3768 w
10 R f
( output is the NGC number.)5 1111( The)1 205(Catalog number 4 in Messier's catalog.)5 1570 3 1440 3768 t
10 CW f
(planetarynebula)1080 3936 w
10 R f
( type may be a two\255letter NGC code or a full)10 1875( The)1 214( specified type.)2 625(The set of NGC objects of the)6 1246 4 1440 4056 t
(name, as above, with no blank.)5 1237 1 1440 4176 t
10 CW f
(")1080 4344 w
10 S f
(a)1140 4344 w
10 CW f
(umi")1263 4344 w
10 R f
( Greek letter designations, proper)4 1345( names are the)3 579( Known)1 346(Star names are provided in double quotes.)6 1690 4 1440 4464 t
( letters may be spelled out, e.g.)6 1390( Greek)1 318( stars.)1 258(names such as Betelgeuse, and bright variable)6 1994 4 1440 4584 t
10 CW f
(alpha)1440 4704 w
10 R f
( output is the SAO num\255)5 1001( The)1 209( be the three\255letter abbreviations.)4 1332( names must)2 506(. Constellation)1 612 5 1740 4704 t
( non\255Greek names, SAO numbers and names are listed for all stars with names for which)15 3614(ber. For)1 346 2 1440 4824 t
(the given name is a prefix.)5 1059 1 1440 4944 t
10 CW f
(12h34m \25516)1 600 1 1080 5112 t
10 R f
( nearest `patch', approximately one square degree of)7 2177(Coordinates in the sky are translated to the)7 1783 2 1440 5232 t
( is the coordinates identifying the patch, the constellations touching the patch, and)12 3304( output)1 284(sky. The)1 372 3 1440 5352 t
( program prints sky positions in several formats corre\255)8 2177( The)1 206( patch.)1 267(the NGC and SAO objects in the)6 1310 4 1440 5472 t
(sponding to different precisions; any output format is understood as input.)10 2962 1 1440 5592 t
10 CW f
(umi)1080 5760 w
10 R f
(All the patches in the named constellation.)6 1701 1 1440 5760 t
(The commands are:)2 787 1 1080 5928 t
10 CW f
(add)1080 6096 w
10 I f
(item)1293 6096 w
10 R f
(Add the named item to the set.)6 1224 1 1440 6216 t
10 CW f
(keep)1080 6384 w
10 I f
(class ...)1 300 1 1353 6384 t
10 R f
( classes may be specific NGC)5 1239( The)1 215( specified classes.)2 732(Flatten the set and cull it, keeping only the)8 1774 4 1440 6504 t
(types, all stars \()3 654 1 1440 6624 t
10 CW f
(sao)2094 6624 w
10 R f
(\), all NGC objects \()4 821 1 2274 6624 t
10 CW f
(ngc)3095 6624 w
10 R f
( \()1 66(\), all M objects)3 632 2 3275 6624 t
10 CW f
(m)3973 6624 w
10 R f
(\), or a specified brightness range.)5 1367 1 4033 6624 t
(Brightness ranges are specified by a leading)6 1841 1 1440 6744 t
10 CW f
(>)3320 6744 w
10 R f
(or)3419 6744 w
10 CW f
(<)3541 6744 w
10 R f
( that)1 190( Remember)1 503(followed by a magnitude.)3 1066 3 3641 6744 t
(brighter objects have lesser magnitudes.)4 1600 1 1440 6864 t
10 CW f
(drop)1080 7032 w
10 I f
(class ...)1 300 1 1353 7032 t
10 R f
(Like)1440 7152 w
10 I f
(keep,)1648 7152 w
10 R f
(but keeps only the objects not in the specified classes.)9 2153 1 1880 7152 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 405)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( SCAT)1 4144(SCAT \( 7 \))3 396 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(flat)1080 960 w
10 R f
(Some items such as patches represents sets of items.)8 2201 1 1440 960 t
10 I f
(Flat)3705 960 w
10 R f
(flattens the set so)3 733 1 3911 960 t
10 I f
(scat)4683 960 w
10 R f
(holds all the)2 517 1 4883 960 t
(information available for the objects in the set.)7 1864 1 1440 1080 t
10 CW f
(print)1080 1248 w
10 R f
( the information seems meagre, try flattening the set.)8 2108( If)1 116(Print the contents of the set.)5 1116 3 1440 1248 t
10 CW f
(expand)1080 1416 w
10 I f
(n)1473 1416 w
10 R f
( set to be)3 370(Flatten the set, expand the area of the sky covered by the)11 2300 2 1440 1536 t
10 I f
(n)4139 1536 w
10 R f
(degrees wider, and collect all)4 1182 1 4218 1536 t
( If)1 117(the objects in that area.)4 927 2 1440 1656 t
10 I f
(n)2510 1656 w
10 R f
(is zero,)1 289 1 2586 1656 t
10 I f
(expand)2900 1656 w
10 R f
(collects all objects in the patches that cover the current)9 2187 1 3213 1656 t
(set.)1440 1776 w
10 CW f
(plot)1080 1944 w
10 I f
(option)1353 1944 w
10 R f
( only option is)3 591( The)1 210( set on the screen.)4 732(Expand and plot the)3 814 4 1440 2064 t
10 CW f
(nogrid)3817 2064 w
10 R f
(to suppress the lines of decli\255)5 1193 1 4207 2064 t
( for NGC objects are as in Sky Atlas 2000.0.)9 1784( Symbols)1 401(nation and right ascension.)3 1071 3 1440 2184 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 2352 t
10 R f
(Plot the NGC objects and naked\255eye stars in Orion.)8 2050 1 1080 2472 t
10 CW f
(ori)1440 2592 w
(keep ngc <6)2 660 1 1440 2712 t
(plot nogrid)1 660 1 1440 2832 t
10 R f
(Draw a map of the Pleiades.)5 1125 1 1080 3000 t
10 CW f
("alcyone")1440 3120 w
(expand 1)1 480 1 1440 3240 t
(plot)1440 3360 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3528 t
10 CW f
(/lib/sky/*.scat)1080 3648 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3816 t
10 I f
(astro)1080 3936 w
10 R f
(\(7\))1294 3936 w
10 CW f
(/lib/sky/constelnames)1080 4056 w
10 R f
(for the three\255letter abbreviations of the constellation names.)7 2384 1 2365 4056 t
(The data was provided by the Astronomical Data Center at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.)15 4010 1 1080 4224 t
( 406)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( SHOWIMAGE)1 3779(SHOWIMAGE \( 7 \))3 761 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(showimage)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1560 1080 w
10 R f
(bitmap displayer, colormap changer)3 1436 1 1650 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(showimage)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1645 1368 w
10 I f
(option)1703 1368 w
10 R f
(])1984 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2042 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Showimage)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(displays the bitmap contained in)4 1302 1 1568 1656 t
10 I f
(file)2897 1656 w
10 R f
( goes to the)3 467( It)1 114( current window.)2 685(in the top left corner of the)6 1082 4 3052 1656 t
( options are:)2 494( The)1 205(next file when any character is typed, exiting when there are no more files.)13 2984 3 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 1944 w
10 R f
( standard colormap takes the)4 1186( The)1 216( 9 colormap, if this is an 8\255bit display.)8 1610(Load the standard Plan)3 948 4 1440 1944 t
( top 3 bits for red darkness, the next 3 bits for green darkness,)13 2569(value of a pixel byte and uses the)7 1391 2 1440 2064 t
( pixels 85 and 170)4 761( Exceptions:)1 529( 255 is black.)3 554( 0 is white and)4 607( So)1 162(and the final 2 for blue darkness.)6 1347 6 1440 2184 t
(are intermediate grey values, so that 2\255bit\255per\255pixel grey scale images look right.)11 3224 1 1440 2304 t
10 CW f
(\255g)1080 2472 w
10 R f
(Load the colormap with a linear grey scale, from 0 \(white\) to max \(black\).)13 2968 1 1440 2472 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 2640 w
10 R f
(Load the colormap with a reverse linear grey scale, from 0 \(black\) to max \(white\).)14 3280 1 1440 2640 t
10 CW f
(\255m)1080 2808 w
10 I f
(mapfile)1208 2808 w
10 R f
(Load the colormap from the file)5 1278 1 1440 2928 t
10 I f
(mapfile.)2743 2928 w
10 R f
(See)3093 2928 w
10 I f
(rgbpix)3262 2928 w
10 R f
(\(2\) for the format.)3 720 1 3531 2928 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 3096 w
10 R f
(Dump the current colormap to standard output in the format of)10 2502 1 1440 3096 t
10 I f
(rgbpix)3967 3096 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)4236 3096 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3264 t
10 CW f
(/lib/image)1080 3384 w
10 R f
(Some sample pictures.)2 902 1 1800 3384 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3552 t
10 I f
(graphics)1080 3672 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1438 3672 w
10 I f
(rgbpix)1604 3672 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1873 3672 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 407)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( TIGER)1 4106(TIGER \( 7 \))3 434 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(tiger)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1288 1080 w
10 R f
(United States street map database)4 1342 1 1378 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(tiger)1080 1368 w
10 R f
( ])1 83([ county[,state] ...)2 704 2 1405 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Tiger)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(displays)1327 1656 w
10 I f
(counties)1685 1656 w
10 R f
( street map of the entire U.S. and affiliates)8 1739(from the U.S. Census Tiger Database, a)6 1613 2 2048 1656 t
(such as Puerto Rico, Samoa, the Marshall Islands, etc.)8 2164 1 1080 1776 t
( s)1 2( nd ds)2 93( an)1 52( mm ma)2 126( om)1 80( co)1 52( c)1 87( d)1 2( rd)1 52( ar)1 35( yb bo oa)3 150( ey)1 52(K Ke)1 118 13 870 1944 t
10 CW f
(s)1080 2064 w
10 I f
(#)1148 2064 w
10 R f
( are 4 scales per power of 10 and scale 5 is 5 nauti\255)13 2075( There)1 285( of the map to the number.)6 1075(sets the scale)2 525 4 1440 2064 t
( Scale)1 268( 16 \(2800 nmi.\) is a little larger than the width of the U.S.)13 2330( Scale)1 268( screen.)1 306(cal miles across the)3 788 5 1440 2184 t
( and secondary roads are displayed.)5 1453( scale 9 to 18, only primary)6 1132( From)1 273(2 is about one statute mile.)5 1102 4 1440 2304 t
(From scales 0 to 8, all roads, railroads and water features are displayed.)12 2857 1 1440 2424 t
10 CW f
(/)1080 2592 w
10 I f
(regexp)1148 2592 w
10 R f
( expression are highlighted, even for features not)7 1993(All features labeled by text matching the regular)7 1967 2 1440 2712 t
(displayed at the current scale.)4 1183 1 1440 2832 t
10 CW f
(r)1080 3000 w
10 I f
(county,state)1148 3000 w
10 R f
(adds the map of the named)5 1078 1 1440 3120 t
10 I f
(county)2544 3120 w
10 R f
( center of the display is set to the)8 1331( The)1 207( current display list.)3 800(to the)1 226 4 2836 3120 t
( A)1 123( scale is set to 9.)5 660( The)1 206(center of the resulting display list.)5 1365 4 1440 3240 t
10 I f
(county)3820 3240 w
10 R f
( name of a county if it)6 882(can be the)2 406 2 4112 3240 t
(is unique \()2 466 1 1440 3360 t
10 CW f
(sandiego)1906 3360 w
10 R f
(\) or have a comma and state abbreviation if the county is not unique)13 3014 1 2386 3360 t
(\()1440 3480 w
10 CW f
(union,nj)1473 3480 w
10 R f
( code of the form SSCCCC taken from the data\255)9 1959( county can also be a six digit)7 1220(\). The)1 268 3 1953 3480 t
( the file)2 305(base. See)1 396 2 1440 3600 t
10 CW f
(/lib/tiger/codes1)2166 3600 w
10 R f
(for counties and their codes.)4 1128 1 3211 3600 t
10 CW f
(e)1080 3768 w
10 I f
(county,state)1148 3768 w
10 R f
(is the same as)3 552 1 1440 3888 t
10 I f
(r)2017 3888 w
10 R f
(except that the previous display list is discarded before the new county is read.)13 3139 1 2081 3888 t
10 CW f
(q)1080 4056 w
10 R f
(Exit)1440 4056 w
10 I f
(tiger.)1632 4056 w
10 R f
( s)1 2( nd ds)2 93( an)1 52( mm ma)2 126( om)1 80( co)1 52( c)1 87( on n)2 54( tt to)2 82( bu ut)2 82( b)1 93( e)1 2( se)1 46( ou us)2 93(M Mo)1 141 15 870 4224 t
(Button 1)1 348 1 1080 4344 t
(displays the text of the)4 905 1 1440 4464 t
10 I f
(line)2370 4464 w
10 R f
( displayed lines are examined.)4 1206( Only)1 250(nearest the cursor.)2 728 3 2545 4464 t
(Button 2)1 348 1 1080 4632 t
(displays the text of the)4 957 1 1440 4752 t
10 I f
(area)2435 4752 w
10 R f
( \(as opposed to)3 644( Areas)1 296( areas are examined.)3 855( All)1 192(nearest the cursor.)2 756 5 2657 4752 t
( oceans, lakes, wide rivers, large cemeteries, some airports, counties, cities, and a lot)13 3415(lines\) include)1 545 2 1440 4872 t
(more.)1440 4992 w
(Button 3)1 348 1 1080 5160 t
(centers the display on the cursor position and redraws the map.)10 2515 1 1440 5280 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 5448 t
10 CW f
(/lib/tiger/SS/CCCC.h)1080 5568 w
10 R f
(database files where SS is the state numeric code and CCCC is the county numeric code.)15 3545 1 1500 5688 t
( in)1 139( Look)1 297( area and Manhattan.)3 944(On the distribution there are maps of the San Francisco)9 2520 4 1500 5808 t
10 CW f
(/lib/tiger)1500 5928 w
10 R f
(for the names.)2 568 1 2125 5928 t
10 CW f
(/lib/tiger/codes1)1080 6048 w
10 R f
(is the translation between symbolic names and numeric codes.)8 2488 1 1500 6168 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6336 t
10 I f
(Tiger)1080 6456 w
10 R f
( in)1 109( is only installed)3 674( It)1 116(takes 16\25532 megabytes of memory.)4 1426 4 1327 6456 t
10 CW f
(/mips/bin)3683 6456 w
10 R f
(and should be run only on a)6 1146 1 4254 6456 t
(large machine.)1 587 1 1080 6576 t
(Because of the large memory usage, it is unwise to display a large number of counties at the same time.)19 4135 1 1080 6696 t
(This program is just a toy.)5 1050 1 1080 6816 t
( 408)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( WEATHER)1 3912(WEATHER \( 7 \))3 628 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(map, key, plot, photo, movie, report, query, wextract, iupdate)8 2452 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3582 1080 w
10 R f
(weather maps, reports, photos, and utilities)5 1715 1 3672 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(weather/photo)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1885 1368 w
10 CW f
(vis | ir)2 480 1 1943 1368 t
10 R f
(])2448 1368 w
10 CW f
(weather/movie)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1885 1536 w
10 CW f
(vis)1943 1536 w
10 S f
(\357)2148 1536 w
10 CW f
(ir)2222 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2367 1536 t
10 I f
(nobs)2483 1536 w
10 R f
(])2697 1536 w
10 CW f
(weather/map)1080 1704 w
10 R f
([)1765 1704 w
10 CW f
(us)1823 1704 w
10 S f
(\357)1968 1704 w
10 CW f
(us24)2042 1704 w
10 S f
(\357)2307 1704 w
10 CW f
(nyc)2381 1704 w
10 S f
(\357)2586 1704 w
10 CW f
(colo)2660 1704 w
10 S f
(\357)2925 1704 w
10 CW f
(dc)2999 1704 w
10 S f
(\357)3144 1704 w
10 CW f
(eur)3218 1704 w
10 S f
(\357)3423 1704 w
10 CW f
(jap)3497 1704 w
10 S f
(\357)3702 1704 w
10 CW f
(radar)3776 1704 w
10 R f
(])4101 1704 w
10 CW f
(weather/key)1080 1872 w
(weather/query)1080 2040 w
(weather/plot)1080 2208 w
10 R f
([)1825 2208 w
10 I f
(wextract\255options)1883 2208 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2580 2208 t
10 I f
(map\255location)2696 2208 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3254 2208 t
10 CW f
(\255r dn)1 300 1 3370 2208 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3695 2208 t
10 CW f
(radar)3811 2208 w
10 R f
(])4136 2208 w
10 CW f
(weather/report)1080 2376 w
10 R f
([)1945 2376 w
10 I f
(wextract\255options)2003 2376 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2700 2376 t
10 CW f
(quake summary)1 780 1 2816 2376 t
10 R f
(])3621 2376 w
10 CW f
(/bin/aux/wextract)1080 2544 w
10 R f
([)2125 2544 w
10 I f
(wextract\255options)2183 2544 w
10 R f
(])2880 2544 w
10 CW f
(/bin/aux/iupdate)1080 2712 w
10 R f
([)2065 2712 w
10 CW f
(\255i)2123 2712 w
10 I f
(yyyymm)2268 2712 w
10 R f
(])2613 2712 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2880 t
10 I f
(Weather/map)1080 3000 w
10 R f
( available national weather map, including precipitation, isobars, fronts, and)9 3046(displays the latest)2 711 2 1643 3000 t
( is supplied as a free sample from Uni\255)8 1579( map is updated three times a day. This map)9 1804( The)1 210(wind information.)1 727 4 1080 3120 t
(data, and may be terminated for weeks at a time.)9 1955 1 1080 3240 t
10 I f
(Weather/key)3088 3240 w
10 R f
(displays a reference chart for the symbols in)7 1786 1 3614 3240 t
10 I f
(weather/map)1080 3360 w
10 R f
(.)1610 3360 w
10 I f
(Weather/photo)1080 3528 w
10 R f
( photographs are)2 691(fetches and displays the latest satellite photographs. Visible and infrared)9 2998 2 1711 3528 t
(selected with)1 536 1 1080 3648 t
10 CW f
(vis)1653 3648 w
10 R f
(and)1870 3648 w
10 CW f
(ir)2051 3648 w
10 R f
(respectively.)2208 3648 w
10 CW f
(Ir)2752 3648 w
10 R f
( objects are blacker.)3 830( infrared photos, hotter)3 951( In)1 145(is the default.)2 565 4 2909 3648 t
(The maps and photos are obtained from)6 1598 1 1080 3768 t
10 CW f
(vmd.cso.uiuc.edu)2705 3768 w
10 R f
( hourly \(except visible)3 905(which updates them)2 803 2 3692 3768 t
( National Weather Service data is made avail\255)7 1838( The)1 207(maps during the hours of darkness\) across the entire US.)9 2275 3 1080 3888 t
( Foundation\255funded UNIDATA Project and the University of Michi\255)8 2802(able courtesy of the National Science)5 1518 2 1080 4008 t
(gan.)1080 4128 w
10 I f
(Weather/movie)1080 4296 w
10 R f
( last)1 182(displays the)1 492 2 1726 4296 t
10 I f
(nobs)2443 4296 w
10 R f
(\(default 72\) weather photos in a loop at five frames per second.)11 2725 1 2675 4296 t
(Infrared photos are default.)3 1085 1 1080 4416 t
10 I f
(Weather/query)1080 4584 w
10 R f
( is an inter\255)3 455( This)1 229(connects to the Weather Underground server at the University of Michigan.)10 3018 3 1698 4584 t
(active menu system providing access to a variety of weather information, including forecasts.)12 3732 1 1080 4704 t
10 I f
(Weather/plot)1080 4872 w
10 R f
( precipitation intensities reported in selected time)6 2030( displays the)2 518( `Radar')1 363(plots a weather map.)3 853 4 1636 4872 t
( The)1 205( produces weaker reflections than rain.)5 1545( Snow)1 278( from 1 \(light\) to 6 \(severe\).)6 1117( echoes range)2 544(period. The)1 486 6 1080 4992 t
10 CW f
(\255r)5280 4992 w
10 R f
(option selects the radar display symbols:)5 1684 1 1080 5112 t
10 CW f
(d)2802 5112 w
10 R f
(for various size dots,)3 871 1 2900 5112 t
10 CW f
(n)3809 5112 w
10 R f
( default is various)3 752( The)1 218(for numbers.)1 523 3 3907 5112 t
( terminals with 1\255bit deep bitmaps, the)6 1613( For)1 201(shaded circles.)1 599 3 1080 5232 t
10 CW f
(d)3530 5232 w
10 R f
( information is not)3 775( Radar)1 299(option is default.)2 699 3 3627 5232 t
( the reported information is controlled by)6 1714( time period for)3 654( The)1 215(available outside the US.)3 1029 4 1080 5352 t
10 I f
(wextract\255options)4728 5352 w
10 R f
( default is the previous 60 minutes.)6 1402( The)1 205(\(See below.\))1 504 3 1080 5472 t
10 I f
(Map\255location)1080 5640 w
10 R f
(selects the area to be displayed:)5 1261 1 1649 5640 t
10 CW f
(e ne se gulf us)4 900 1 1080 5808 t
10 R f
( is)1 92( Default)1 349(Parts of the US.)3 633 3 1620 5928 t
10 CW f
(e)2719 5928 w
10 R f
(.)2779 5928 w
10 CW f
(\255L)1080 6048 w
10 I f
(lat1 lat2 long1 long2)3 843 1 1233 6048 t
10 R f
(Specific latitude and longitude pairs.)4 1468 1 1620 6168 t
10 I f
(Weather/report)1080 6384 w
10 R f
( reports are:)2 476( Available)1 438(extracts various reports.)2 956 3 1721 6384 t
10 CW f
(summary)1080 6552 w
10 R f
( for the last)3 476(A chatty summary of the national weather. Default shows all weather summaries)11 3304 2 1620 6552 t
(24 hours.)1 372 1 1620 6672 t
10 CW f
(quake)1080 6792 w
10 R f
( displays all earthquake reports for the last 72 hours.)9 2091( Default)1 349(Earthquake reports.)1 781 3 1620 6792 t
10 I f
(Iupdate)1080 7008 w
10 R f
(scans)1425 7008 w
10 CW f
(/lib/weather/raw)1681 7008 w
10 R f
(and updates)1 489 1 2681 7008 t
10 CW f
(/lib/weather/raw.idx)3210 7008 w
10 R f
( file provides the)3 722(. This)1 268 2 4410 7008 t
( \(which the)2 455(year and month information)3 1130 2 1080 7128 t
10 CW f
(raw)2693 7128 w
10 R f
(data lacks\) and greatly speeds the processing of the huge)9 2291 1 2901 7128 t
10 CW f
(raw)5220 7128 w
10 R f
( restarted, the)2 570( the raw file is)4 627(file. If)1 288 3 1080 7248 t
10 CW f
(\255i)2605 7248 w
10 I f
(yyyymm)2733 7248 w
10 R f
(option recreates the index file.)4 1271 1 3093 7248 t
10 I f
(Yyyymm)4404 7248 w
10 R f
(is the year and)3 624 1 4776 7248 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 409)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 7 \))3 140( WEATHER)1 3912(WEATHER \( 7 \))3 628 3 720 480 t
(month of the first record in the raw file.)8 1583 1 1080 960 t
10 I f
(Wextract)1080 1128 w
10 R f
(prints selected parts of the)4 1048 1 1465 1128 t
10 CW f
(raw)2538 1128 w
10 R f
(file based on time and record type.)6 1383 1 2743 1128 t
10 I f
(Wextract\255options)4176 1128 w
10 R f
(are:)4889 1128 w
10 CW f
(\255a)1080 1296 w
10 I f
(age)1233 1296 w
10 R f
( is 1 day.)3 361( Default)1 349(Maximum age of records before selected time.)6 1859 3 1440 1296 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 1416 w
10 I f
(enddate)1233 1416 w
10 R f
( may be relative to the cur\255)6 1087( Dates)1 279( present.)1 340( is the)2 241( Default)1 350(Date and time of the last record accepted.)7 1663 6 1440 1536 t
( form)1 259( dates begin with a minus and have the)8 1876( Relative)1 424(rent time, or an absolute time.)5 1401 4 1440 1656 t
([)1440 1776 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1473 1776 w
10 I f
(days)1546 1776 w
10 R f
(.])1737 1776 w
10 I f
(hours)1803 1776 w
10 R f
([:)2039 1776 w
10 I f
(minutes)2108 1776 w
10 R f
( have the form [[[)4 815(Absolute times)1 630 2 2471 1776 t
10 I f
(year)3916 1776 w
10 R f
(/])4093 1776 w
10 I f
(month)4154 1776 w
10 R f
(/])4404 1776 w
10 I f
(day)4465 1776 w
10 R f
(.])4609 1776 w
10 I f
(hour)4667 1776 w
10 R f
([:)4856 1776 w
10 I f
(minute)4917 1776 w
10 R f
(][)5189 1776 w
10 I f
(TZ)5255 1776 w
10 R f
(])5367 1776 w
(where)1440 1896 w
10 I f
(year)1708 1896 w
10 R f
(is a four digit number and)5 1035 1 1910 1896 t
10 I f
(TZ)2970 1896 w
10 R f
(is)3107 1896 w
10 CW f
(Z)3199 1896 w
10 R f
(for GMT or a three\255letter time zone identifier.)7 1834 1 3284 1896 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 2016 w
10 I f
(record\255type,...)1233 2016 w
10 R f
( record)1 290( A)1 133( record in the raw weather file has a three digit type.)11 2204( Each)1 260( records selected.)2 711(Types of)1 362 6 1440 2136 t
( records in the FAA\255supplied)4 1193( The)1 212( a string of these numbers, or a record name.)9 1839(type may be)2 504 4 1440 2256 t
10 CW f
(raw)5220 2256 w
10 R f
( listing of the record names appears in the source listing for)11 2437( A)1 128( not documented.)2 703(file are)1 284 4 1440 2376 t
10 I f
(wextract)5023 2376 w
10 R f
(.)5375 2376 w
(Some record types are:)3 917 1 1440 2496 t
10 CW f
(sd)1260 2616 w
10 R f
(Encoded precipitation radar data.)3 1324 1 1440 2616 t
10 CW f
(wa)1260 2736 w
10 R f
(AIRMETS for pilots.)2 853 1 1440 2736 t
10 CW f
(ws)1260 2856 w
10 R f
(Convective SIGMETS for pilots.)3 1322 1 1440 2856 t
10 CW f
(unknown)1260 2976 w
10 R f
(All records not in one of the named types, plus malformed records.)11 2676 1 1440 3096 t
10 CW f
(all)1260 3216 w
10 R f
(All records.)1 471 1 1440 3336 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3552 t
10 CW f
(/lib/weather/raw)1080 3672 w
10 R f
(The raw weather data straight off the wire since early June, 1990.)11 2612 1 2400 3672 t
10 CW f
(/lib/weather/raw.idx)1080 3792 w
10 R f
(An hourly index into)3 836 1 2400 3792 t
10 CW f
(/lib/weather/raw)3261 3792 w
10 R f
(.)4221 3792 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3960 t
10 I f
(map)1080 4080 w
10 R f
(\(7\),)1260 4080 w
10 I f
(plot)1426 4080 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)1590 4080 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4248 t
10 R f
( source machines may make)4 1197(Network vagaries and problems on the)5 1629 2 1080 4368 t
10 I f
(weather/photo)3949 4368 w
10 R f
(,)4535 4368 w
10 I f
(weather/query)4603 4368 w
10 R f
(, and)1 212 1 5188 4368 t
10 I f
(weather/map)1080 4488 w
10 R f
(unavailable or outdated.)2 962 1 1627 4488 t
(The satellite photographs the east coast at an oblique angle.)9 2374 1 1080 4656 t
10 I f
(Iupdate)1080 4824 w
10 R f
(and)1413 4824 w
10 I f
(wextract)1585 4824 w
10 R f
( times don't)2 486( Absolute)1 415(can be slow when the data is WORM\255resident, which is likely.)10 2542 3 1957 4824 t
( of the raw file is a mystery.)7 1120( Much)1 283(handle time zones correctly.)3 1125 3 1080 4944 t
(The rain echo intensities on)4 1164 1 1080 5112 t
10 I f
(weather/map)2284 5112 w
10 R f
( with increasing precipitation on)4 1357(do not monotonically darken)3 1197 2 2846 5112 t
(monochrome displays.)1 905 1 1080 5232 t
( 410)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( INTRO)1 4095(INTRO \( 8 \))3 445 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(intro)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1294 1080 w
10 R f
(introduction to system administration)3 1498 1 1384 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
( as various utility programs nec\255)5 1300(This manual section describes commands for system administration as well)9 3020 2 1080 1368 t
(essary for the system but not routinely invoked by a user.)10 2289 1 1080 1488 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 411)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( AUTH)1 4123(AUTH \( 8 \))3 417 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( removeuser, enable, disable, expire, status, convkeys, wrkey)7 2464(adduser, changeuser, printnetkey, renameuser,)3 1856 2 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 1200 w
10 R f
(maintain authentication databases)2 1348 1 1170 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(auth/adduser)1080 1488 w
10 R f
([)1825 1488 w
10 CW f
(\255hnp)1858 1488 w
10 R f
(])2098 1488 w
10 I f
(user)2156 1488 w
10 CW f
(auth/changeuser)1080 1656 w
10 R f
([)2005 1656 w
10 CW f
(\255hnp)2038 1656 w
10 R f
(])2278 1656 w
10 I f
(user)2336 1656 w
10 CW f
(auth/printnetkey)1080 1824 w
10 I f
(user)2065 1824 w
10 CW f
(auth/renameuser)1080 1992 w
10 R f
([)2005 1992 w
10 CW f
(\255np)2038 1992 w
10 R f
(])2218 1992 w
10 I f
(user newname)1 574 1 2276 1992 t
10 CW f
(auth/removeuser)1080 2160 w
10 R f
([)2005 2160 w
10 CW f
(\255np)2038 2160 w
10 R f
(])2218 2160 w
10 I f
(user)2276 2160 w
10 CW f
(auth/enable)1080 2328 w
10 R f
([)1765 2328 w
10 CW f
(\255np)1798 2328 w
10 R f
(])1978 2328 w
10 I f
(user)2036 2328 w
10 CW f
(auth/disable)1080 2496 w
10 R f
([)1825 2496 w
10 CW f
(\255np)1858 2496 w
10 R f
(])2038 2496 w
10 I f
(user)2096 2496 w
10 CW f
(auth/expire)1080 2664 w
10 R f
([)1765 2664 w
10 CW f
(\255np)1798 2664 w
10 R f
(])1978 2664 w
10 I f
(user date)1 369 1 2036 2664 t
10 CW f
(auth/status)1080 2832 w
10 I f
(user)1765 2832 w
10 CW f
(auth/convkeys)1080 3000 w
10 R f
([)1885 3000 w
10 CW f
(\255d)1918 3000 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2038 3000 t
10 CW f
(\255k)2129 3000 w
10 I f
(key)2274 3000 w
10 R f
(])2414 3000 w
10 I f
(keyfile)2472 3000 w
10 CW f
(auth/wrkey)1080 3168 w
10 R f
([)1705 3168 w
10 CW f
(\255k)1738 3168 w
10 I f
(key)1883 3168 w
10 R f
(])2023 3168 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 3336 t
10 R f
(These administrative commands run only on the authentication server.)8 2842 1 1080 3456 t
10 I f
(Adduser)3977 3456 w
10 R f
(,)4318 3456 w
10 I f
(changeuser)4373 3456 w
10 R f
(,)4841 3456 w
10 I f
(renameuser)4896 3456 w
10 R f
(,)5375 3456 w
10 I f
(removeuser)1080 3576 w
10 R f
(,)1553 3576 w
10 I f
(enable)1614 3576 w
10 R f
(,)1888 3576 w
10 I f
(disable)1949 3576 w
10 R f
(,)2246 3576 w
10 I f
(expire)2307 3576 w
10 R f
(, and)1 204 1 2564 3576 t
10 I f
(status)2803 3576 w
10 R f
(manipulate an authentication database file system served)6 2328 1 3072 3576 t
(by)1080 3696 w
10 I f
(keyfs)1205 3696 w
10 R f
( are two authentication databases, one holding information about)8 2596( There)1 283( servers.)1 333(\(4\) and used by file)4 776 4 1412 3696 t
( A)1 127(Plan 9 accounts and one holding SecureNet keys.)7 2011 2 1080 3816 t
10 I f
(user)3248 3816 w
10 R f
(need not be installed in both databases but must)8 1950 1 3450 3816 t
(be installed in the Plan 9 database to connect to a Plan 9 service.)13 2574 1 1080 3936 t
10 I f
(Adduser)1080 4104 w
10 R f
(installs)1438 4104 w
10 I f
(user)1747 4104 w
10 R f
(in an authentication database.)3 1181 1 1944 4104 t
10 I f
(User)3176 4104 w
10 R f
( does not)2 363( It)1 112(must not already exist in the database.)6 1529 3 3396 4104 t
(install a user on a Plan 9 file server.)8 1428 1 1080 4224 t
(Option)1080 4392 w
10 CW f
(\255p)1387 4392 w
10 R f
(installs)1536 4392 w
10 I f
(user)1850 4392 w
10 R f
(in the Plan 9 database.)4 916 1 2052 4392 t
10 I f
(Adduser)3023 4392 w
10 R f
(asks twice for a password for the new)7 1539 1 3386 4392 t
10 I f
(user.)4955 4392 w
10 R f
(If the)1 218 1 5182 4392 t
(responses do not match or the password is too easy to guess the)12 2536 1 1080 4512 t
10 I f
(user)3641 4512 w
10 R f
(is not installed.)2 609 1 3838 4512 t
(Option)1080 4680 w
10 CW f
(\255n)1389 4680 w
10 R f
(installs)1540 4680 w
10 I f
(user)1855 4680 w
10 R f
( key is)2 275( The)1 212( and prints out a key for the SecureNet box.)9 1804(in the SecureNet database)3 1051 4 2058 4680 t
(chosen by)1 402 1 1080 4800 t
10 I f
(adduser)1507 4800 w
10 R f
(.)1837 4800 w
(If neither option)2 649 1 1080 4968 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1754 4968 w
10 R f
(or option)1 364 1 1899 4968 t
10 CW f
(\255n)2288 4968 w
10 R f
(is given,)1 339 1 2433 4968 t
10 I f
(adduser)2797 4968 w
10 R f
(installs the)1 431 1 3144 4968 t
10 I f
(user)3600 4968 w
10 R f
(in the Plan 9 database.)4 896 1 3797 4968 t
(Option)1080 5136 w
10 CW f
(\255h)1384 5136 w
10 R f
(makes)1530 5136 w
10 I f
(user)1811 5136 w
10 R f
( Plan 9 CPU servers)4 813( All)1 180( incoming network calls.)3 994(a host able to receive authenticated)5 1404 4 2009 5136 t
(must be installed as)3 789 1 1080 5256 t
10 I f
(users)1895 5256 w
10 R f
( option is signifi\255)3 687( This)1 228( database.)1 393(with host permission in the Plan 9 authentication)7 1960 4 2132 5256 t
(cant only in the Plan 9 database.)6 1290 1 1080 5376 t
10 I f
(Changeuser)1080 5544 w
10 R f
(modifies information for)2 988 1 1588 5544 t
10 I f
(users)2601 5544 w
10 R f
( syntax is the same as)5 863( Its)1 150(already installed.)1 682 3 2837 5544 t
10 I f
(adduser's.)4557 5544 w
(Printnetkey)1080 5712 w
10 R f
(prints)1565 5712 w
10 I f
(user's)1818 5712 w
10 R f
(SecureNet key without changing it.)4 1412 1 2087 5712 t
10 I f
(Renameuser)1080 5880 w
10 R f
(changes)1617 5880 w
10 I f
(user's)1982 5880 w
10 R f
(name to)1 338 1 2270 5880 t
10 I f
(newname)2652 5880 w
10 R f
( If)1 136( the authentication databases.)3 1230(in both of)2 427 3 3073 5880 t
10 I f
(newname)4911 5880 w
10 R f
(is)5333 5880 w
(already known in either database,)4 1370 1 1080 6000 t
10 I f
(renameuser)2483 6000 w
10 R f
( options are the)3 634( The)1 212( change.)1 339(reports an error and makes no)5 1228 4 2987 6000 t
(same as for)2 470 1 1080 6120 t
10 I f
(adduser,)1583 6120 w
10 R f
(except that if neither option)4 1136 1 1963 6120 t
10 CW f
(\255p)3132 6120 w
10 R f
(nor option)1 422 1 3285 6120 t
10 CW f
(\255n)3740 6120 w
10 R f
(is given, the user is renamed in both)7 1506 1 3894 6120 t
(databases.)1080 6240 w
10 I f
(Removeuser)1080 6408 w
10 R f
(deletes)1614 6408 w
10 I f
(user)1938 6408 w
10 R f
( options are the same as for)6 1230( The)1 228(from both of the authentication databases.)5 1785 3 2157 6408 t
10 I f
(renameuser.)1080 6528 w
(Enable)1080 6696 w
10 R f
(and)1388 6696 w
10 I f
(disable)1557 6696 w
10 R f
(change the status of)3 790 1 1871 6696 t
10 I f
(user's)2686 6696 w
10 R f
( options are the same as for)6 1092(accounts. The)1 579 2 2955 6696 t
10 I f
(renameuser.)4651 6696 w
(Expire)1080 6864 w
10 R f
(changes the expiration date for)4 1246 1 1375 6864 t
10 I f
(user)2650 6864 w
10 R f
(to)2852 6864 w
10 I f
(date)2960 6864 w
10 R f
(, which is either the string)5 1063 1 3140 6864 t
10 CW f
(never)4233 6864 w
10 R f
(or a date in the form)5 837 1 4563 6864 t
10 I f
(yyyymmdd)1080 6984 w
10 R f
(, where)1 293 1 1508 6984 t
10 I f
(yyyy)1826 6984 w
10 R f
(is the year,)2 435 1 2027 6984 t
10 I f
(mm)2487 6984 w
10 R f
(is the month, and)3 689 1 2656 6984 t
10 I f
(dd)3370 6984 w
10 R f
(is the day the account should expire.)6 1456 1 3495 6984 t
(Both)1080 7152 w
10 I f
(enable)1309 7152 w
10 R f
(and)1610 7152 w
10 I f
(expire)1789 7152 w
10 R f
( options are the)3 643( The)1 215(attempt to change both the Plan 9 and SecureNet databases.)9 2469 3 2073 7152 t
(same as for)2 454 1 1080 7272 t
10 I f
(renameuser.)1559 7272 w
10 R f
( 412)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( AUTH)1 4123(AUTH \( 8 \))3 417 3 720 480 t
10 I f
(Status)1080 960 w
10 R f
(prints the status and expiration date of)6 1526 1 1350 960 t
10 I f
(user's)2901 960 w
10 R f
(Plan 9 and SecureNet accounts.)4 1261 1 3170 960 t
10 I f
(Convkeys)1080 1128 w
10 R f
(re\255encrypts the key file)3 946 1 1494 1128 t
10 I f
(keyfile.)2473 1128 w
10 R f
( file or authentication)3 881( Any)1 230(Re\255encryption is performed in place.)4 1498 3 2791 1128 t
( to decrypt)2 437(server using the key file must simultaneously have its key modified or it will be unable)15 3568 2 1080 1248 t
10 I f
(keyfile.)5115 1248 w
(Convkeys)1080 1368 w
10 R f
( using the new key.)4 810(uses the key stored in non\255volatile RAM to decrypt the file, and encrypts it)13 3095 2 1495 1368 t
(By default,)1 456 1 1080 1488 t
10 I f
(convkeys)1573 1488 w
10 R f
( Option)1 339( password.)1 438(prompts twice for the new)4 1096 3 1969 1488 t
10 CW f
(\255k)3878 1488 w
10 R f
(instead takes)1 524 1 4034 1488 t
10 I f
(key)4594 1488 w
10 R f
(, which must be)3 666 1 4734 1488 t
10 CW f
(DESKEYLEN)1080 1608 w
10 R f
( Option)1 330( that a key is not a password.)7 1168( Note)1 246(bytes long.)1 440 4 1646 1608 t
10 CW f
(\255d)3857 1608 w
10 R f
(uses)4004 1608 w
10 CW f
(/dev/crypt)4203 1608 w
10 R f
(for decrypting)1 570 1 4830 1608 t
( format of)2 399( The)1 205(the key file.)2 474 3 1080 1728 t
10 I f
(keyfile)2183 1728 w
10 R f
(is described in)2 577 1 2468 1728 t
10 I f
(keyfs)3070 1728 w
10 R f
(\(4\).)3277 1728 w
10 I f
(Wrkey)1080 1896 w
10 R f
( default, it prompts twice for)5 1173( By)1 173(sets the key used by the authentication server to decrypt key files.)11 2689 3 1365 1896 t
( Option)1 337(the password.)1 558 2 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(\255k)2009 2016 w
10 R f
(is as in)2 294 1 2162 2016 t
10 I f
(convkeys.)2489 2016 w
10 R f
(Once the key is set,)4 811 1 2906 2016 t
10 I f
(keyfs)3750 2016 w
10 R f
(should be restarted so it serves the)6 1418 1 3982 2016 t
(correct keys.)1 509 1 1080 2136 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2304 t
10 R f
(The non\255volatile RAM on the server, which stores the key used)10 2532 1 1080 2424 t
(to decrypt key files.)3 793 1 1440 2544 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2712 t
10 I f
(keyfs)1080 2832 w
10 R f
(\(4\),)1287 2832 w
10 I f
(securenet)1453 2832 w
10 R f
(\(8\))1843 2832 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3000 t
10 R f
( the)1 154(After changing authentication information, it is necessary to issue)8 2675 2 1080 3120 t
10 CW f
(auth)3941 3120 w
10 R f
(command on file servers that)4 1187 1 4213 3120 t
( See)1 194(are doing their own authentication.)4 1395 2 1080 3240 t
10 I f
(fs)2694 3240 w
10 R f
(\(8\).)2769 3240 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 413)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( BOOT)1 4128(BOOT \( 8 \))3 412 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(boot)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1283 1080 w
10 R f
(connect to the root file server)5 1172 1 1373 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(/boot)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255afkmp)1463 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1848 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255u)1964 1368 w
10 I f
(username)2092 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2505 1368 t
10 I f
(method)2621 1368 w
10 CW f
(!)2923 1368 w
10 I f
(fs\255addr)2991 1368 w
10 R f
(])3305 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Boot)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( the file server that will serve the)7 1332( connects to)2 481( It)1 113(is the first program run after a kernel has been loaded.)10 2178 4 1296 1656 t
(root, performs any authentication needed to connect to that server, and)10 2816 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(exec)3921 1776 w
10 R f
(\(2\)'s the)1 335 1 4105 1776 t
10 I f
(init)4465 1776 w
10 R f
(\(8\) program.)1 504 1 4607 1776 t
( sets the two environment variables)5 1477( It)1 124( the kernel initializes its data structures and devices.)8 2181(Once loaded,)1 538 4 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
(/env/cputype)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(and)1849 2064 w
10 CW f
(/env/terminal)2042 2064 w
10 R f
( file)1 181( then binds a place\255holder)4 1127( It)1 135(to describe the processor.)3 1086 4 2871 2064 t
(server,)1080 2184 w
10 I f
(root)1388 2184 w
10 R f
(\(3\), onto)1 359 1 1563 2184 t
10 CW f
(/)1962 2184 w
10 R f
( sole function is to)4 803(and crafts an initial process whose)5 1447 2 2062 2184 t
10 I f
(exec)4353 2184 w
10 R f
(\(2\))4537 2184 w
10 CW f
(/boot)4694 2184 w
10 R f
(, a binary)2 406 1 4994 2184 t
(which is compiled into)3 914 1 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(root)2019 2304 w
10 R f
(\(3\).)2194 2304 w
( the MIPS)2 412( On)1 175( kernel.)1 302(The command line passed is dependent on the information passed from boot ROM to)13 3431 4 1080 2472 t
( line passed to)3 602(Magnum and SGI Power Series the command)6 1903 2 1080 2592 t
10 I f
(boot)3621 2592 w
10 R f
(is the same as that given to the ROM)8 1565 1 3835 2592 t
(monitor.)1080 2712 w
(On AT&T Gnots the command line is)6 1516 1 1080 2880 t
10 CW f
(/68020/9gnot)1440 3048 w
10 I f
(method)2185 3048 w
10 CW f
(!)2487 3048 w
10 I f
(server)2555 3048 w
10 R f
( com\255)1 239( Their)1 275( boot ROM or program.)4 988(On the Nextstation and the Safari, no information is passed from the)11 2818 4 1080 3216 t
(mand lines are)2 582 1 1080 3336 t
10 CW f
(/68020/9nextstation \255p)1 1320 1 1440 3504 t
10 R f
(and)1080 3672 w
10 CW f
(/386/9safari \255p)1 900 1 1440 3840 t
10 I f
(Boot)1080 4008 w
10 R f
( must also set a user)5 817( It)1 114( a method with which to connect to it.)8 1537(must determine the file server to use and)7 1636 4 1296 4008 t
( used as the owner of devices and all console processes and an encryption key to be used when)18 3870(name to be)2 450 2 1080 4128 t
( the)1 162(challenged. If)1 588 2 1080 4248 t
10 CW f
(\255m)1870 4248 w
10 R f
(or)2030 4248 w
10 CW f
(\255p)2153 4248 w
10 R f
( given \(or the)3 583(option is)1 363 2 2313 4248 t
10 I f
(method)3300 4248 w
10 R f
(on the command line is invalid\))5 1349 1 3635 4248 t
10 I f
(boot)5025 4248 w
10 R f
(will)5244 4248 w
(prompt for these.)2 685 1 1080 4368 t
( prompt lists all valid methods, the default in brackets.)9 2174( The)1 205(Method and address are prompted for first.)6 1710 3 1080 4536 t
10 CW f
(root is from \(il, tcp, hs, local\)[il]:)6 2280 1 1440 4704 t
10 R f
( possible responses are)3 912( Other)1 277(A newline picks the default.)4 1123 3 1080 4872 t
10 I f
(method)3417 4872 w
10 R f
(or)3736 4872 w
10 I f
(method)3844 4872 w
10 CW f
(!)4146 4872 w
10 I f
(address.)4214 4872 w
10 R f
(The other interactions depend on whether the system is a terminal or a CPU server.)14 3319 1 1080 5040 t
( l)1 2( al)1 30( na)1 46( in)1 52( mi)1 30( rm)1 80( er)1 35(T Te)1 107 8 870 5208 t
(The terminal must have a)4 1015 1 1080 5328 t
10 I f
(username)2120 5328 w
10 R f
( none is specified with the)5 1046( If)1 116(to set.)1 239 3 2533 5328 t
10 CW f
(\255u)3960 5328 w
10 R f
(option,)4106 5328 w
10 I f
(boot)4413 5328 w
10 R f
(will prompt for one)3 783 1 4617 5328 t
(on the console:)2 605 1 1080 5448 t
10 CW f
(user:)1440 5616 w
10 R f
(The user will also be prompted for a password to be used as an encryption key on each)17 3462 1 1080 5784 t
10 I f
(attach)4567 5784 w
10 R f
(\(5\):)4825 5784 w
10 CW f
(password:)1440 5952 w
10 R f
(With most)1 426 1 1080 6120 t
10 I f
(methods boot)1 542 1 1537 6120 t
10 R f
( with the serial line)4 794( However,)1 447( connect to the file server.)5 1071(can now)1 341 4 2110 6120 t
10 I f
(methods)4795 6120 w
10 CW f
(9600)5160 6120 w
10 R f
(and)1080 6240 w
10 CW f
(19200)1254 6240 w
10 R f
( varied to put into the boot)6 1085(, the actual mechanics of setting up the complete connection are too)11 2761 2 1554 6240 t
(program. Instead)1 703 1 1080 6360 t
10 I f
(boot)1810 6360 w
10 R f
( prints a prompt on the console and then simu\255)9 1884( It)1 114( the connection.)2 641(lets the user set up)4 746 4 2015 6360 t
(lates a dumb terminal between the user and the serial line:)10 2318 1 1080 6480 t
10 CW f
(Connect to file system now, type ctrl\255d when done.)8 3000 1 1440 6648 t
(\(Use the view or down arrow key to send a break\))10 2880 1 1440 6768 t
10 R f
(The user can now type at a modem or a Datakit)10 1910 1 1080 6936 t
10 CW f
(destination please:)1 1142 1 3017 6936 t
10 R f
(interface to set up the connec\255)5 1214 1 4186 6936 t
( Murray Hill, a user would type)6 1262( At)1 150(tion to a TSM8 card.)4 834 3 1080 7056 t
10 CW f
(nj/astro/plan85)3351 7056 w
10 R f
( the user)2 338( When)1 288(at this point.)2 498 3 4276 7056 t
(types a control\255D,)2 718 1 1080 7176 t
10 I f
(boot)1823 7176 w
10 R f
(stops simulating a terminal and starts the file system protocol over the serial line.)13 3242 1 2026 7176 t
( 414)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( BOOT)1 4128(BOOT \( 8 \))3 412 3 720 480 t
(Once connected,)1 687 1 1080 960 t
10 I f
(boot)1815 960 w
10 CW f
(mount)2041 960 w
10 R f
('s the root file system before)5 1260 1 2341 960 t
10 CW f
(/)3649 960 w
10 R f
( as)1 132(and makes the connection available)4 1511 2 3757 960 t
10 CW f
(#s/boot)1080 1080 w
10 R f
(for subsequent processes to)3 1260 1 1580 1080 t
10 CW f
(mount)2920 1080 w
10 R f
(\(see)3300 1080 w
10 I f
(bind)3540 1080 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\).)3726 1080 w
10 I f
(Boot)4005 1080 w
10 R f
(completes by)1 585 1 4274 1080 t
10 I f
(exec)4939 1080 w
10 R f
(\(2\)'ing)5123 1080 w
10 CW f
(/$objtype/init \255t)1 985 1 1080 1200 t
10 R f
( the)1 147(. If)1 141 2 2065 1200 t
10 CW f
(\255a)2378 1200 w
10 R f
(or)2523 1200 w
10 CW f
(\255m)2631 1200 w
10 R f
(options are given they are also passed as options to)9 2039 1 2776 1200 t
10 I f
(init)4840 1200 w
10 R f
(.)4982 1200 w
( s)1 2( rs)1 41( er)1 35( ve)1 46( rv)1 52( er)1 35( Se)1 46( S)1 99( U)1 2( PU)1 74(C CP)1 125 11 870 1368 t
( is always)2 412(The user owning devices and console processes on CPU servers)9 2625 2 1080 1488 t
10 I f
(bootes)4151 1488 w
10 R f
( \(The)1 247( is immutable.)2 588(. It)1 145 3 4420 1488 t
( of the variable)3 649(name is compiled into the system as the value)8 1968 2 1080 1608 t
10 CW f
(eve)3738 1608 w
10 R f
(; local sites may choose a different)6 1482 1 3918 1608 t
( a)1 79(name.\) If)1 400 2 1080 1728 t
10 CW f
(\255k)1594 1728 w
10 R f
(option is given)2 617 1 1749 1728 t
10 I f
(boot)2402 1728 w
10 R f
(will prompt for an encryption key to be stored in the CPU server's)12 2784 1 2616 1728 t
(non\255volatile ram.)1 688 1 1080 1848 t
10 CW f
(key:)1440 2016 w
10 R f
(This key is used to verify to callers of the CPU server that it is indeed the server being called.)19 3733 1 1080 2184 t
(Once connected,)1 687 1 1080 2352 t
10 I f
(boot)1815 2352 w
10 CW f
(mount)2041 2352 w
10 R f
('s the root file system before)5 1260 1 2341 2352 t
10 CW f
(/)3649 2352 w
10 R f
( as)1 132(and makes the connection available)4 1511 2 3757 2352 t
10 CW f
(#s/boot)1080 2472 w
10 R f
(for subsequent processes to)3 1260 1 1580 2472 t
10 CW f
(mount)2920 2472 w
10 R f
(\(see)3300 2472 w
10 I f
(bind)3540 2472 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\).)3726 2472 w
10 I f
(Boot)4005 2472 w
10 R f
(completes by)1 585 1 4274 2472 t
10 I f
(exec)4939 2472 w
10 R f
(\(2\)'ing)5123 2472 w
10 CW f
(/$objtype/init \255c.)1 1080 1 1080 2592 t
10 R f
(If the)1 213 1 2185 2592 t
10 CW f
(\255a)2423 2592 w
10 R f
(or)2568 2592 w
10 CW f
(\255m)2676 2592 w
10 R f
(options are given they are also passed as options to)9 2039 1 2821 2592 t
10 I f
(init)4885 2592 w
10 R f
(.)5027 2592 w
( s)1 2( ho od ds)3 145( th)1 52( et)1 30( Me)1 46( M)1 132( ng g)2 54( ti in)2 82( oo ot)2 82(B Bo)1 119 10 870 2760 t
( complete list of)3 671( The)1 213( was compiled into the kernel.)5 1244(The methods available to any system depend on what)8 2192 4 1080 2880 t
(booting methods are listed below.)4 1352 1 1080 3000 t
10 CW f
(cyc)1080 3168 w
10 R f
( the address must be the)5 967( specified,)1 411( If)1 117(connect via a point\255to\255point fiber link using Cyclone boards.)8 2425 4 1480 3168 t
(number of the Cyclone board to be used, default 0.)9 2027 1 1480 3288 t
10 CW f
(il)1080 3456 w
10 R f
(connect via Ethernet using the IL protocol.)6 1711 1 1480 3456 t
10 CW f
(tcp)1080 3624 w
10 R f
( server is)2 368( method is used only if the initial file)8 1502( This)1 231(connect via Ethernet using the TCP protocol.)6 1819 4 1480 3624 t
(on a Unix system.)3 722 1 1480 3744 t
10 CW f
(hs)1080 3912 w
10 R f
(connect via Datakit using the high speed Datakit card.)8 2160 1 1480 3912 t
10 CW f
(incon)1080 4080 w
10 R f
(connect via Datakit using the Incon interface.)6 1815 1 1480 4080 t
10 CW f
(9600)1080 4248 w
10 R f
(connect via Datakit using the serial interface at 9600 baud.)9 2345 1 1480 4248 t
10 CW f
(19200)1080 4416 w
10 R f
(connect via Datakit using the serial interface at 19200 baud.)9 2395 1 1480 4416 t
10 CW f
(local)1080 4584 w
10 R f
(connect to the local file system.)5 1265 1 1480 4584 t
(For the DARPA Internet methods,)4 1382 1 1080 4752 t
10 CW f
(il)2489 4752 w
10 R f
(and)2636 4752 w
10 CW f
(tcp)2808 4752 w
10 R f
( no address is)3 550( If)1 119(, the address must be a numeric IP address.)8 1743 3 2988 4752 t
( using the BOOTP protocol)4 1100(specified a file server address will be found from another system on the network)13 3220 2 1080 4872 t
( the Datakit methods,)3 915( For)1 209(and the Plan 9 vendor specific fields.)6 1598 3 1080 4992 t
10 CW f
(hs)3847 4992 w
10 R f
(,)3967 4992 w
10 CW f
(9600)4037 4992 w
10 R f
(,)4277 4992 w
10 CW f
(19200)4347 4992 w
10 R f
(, and)1 214 1 4647 4992 t
10 CW f
(incon)4907 4992 w
10 R f
(, the)1 193 1 5207 4992 t
( no address is specified, the)5 1108( If)1 118( and must be a relative path name to the file server.)11 2062(address must be specified)3 1032 4 1080 5112 t
(address)1080 5232 w
10 CW f
(Nfs)1404 5232 w
10 R f
(is used.)1 300 1 1609 5232 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 5400 t
10 CW f
(#s/boot)1080 5520 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5688 t
10 I f
(root)1080 5808 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1255 5808 w
10 I f
(bootp)1421 5808 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1657 5808 w
10 I f
(init)1823 5808 w
10 R f
(\(8\))1965 5808 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 415)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( BOOTING)1 3951(BOOTING \( 8 \))3 589 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(booting)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1411 1080 w
10 R f
(bootstrapping procedures)1 1012 1 1501 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 R f
(none)1080 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
( of the information here)4 964( Some)1 282(This manual collects the incantations required to bootstrap Plan 9 machines.)10 3074 3 1080 1656 t
(is specific to the installation at Bell Labs; some is generic.)10 2329 1 1080 1776 t
( there; if not, the necessary files and services must)9 2061(If a CPU server is up, BOOTP and TFTP will run from)11 2259 2 1080 1944 t
(be available on a separate machine such as a Unix system to use these protocols for bootstrapping.)16 3929 1 1080 2064 t
(Be sure to read)3 601 1 1080 2232 t
10 I f
(boot)1706 2232 w
10 R f
(\(8\) to understand what happens after the kernel is loaded.)9 2289 1 1892 2232 t
( s)1 2( ls)1 41( al)1 30( na)1 46( in)1 52( mi)1 30( rm)1 80( er)1 35(T Te)1 107 9 870 2400 t
( bootstrap a terminal or a CPU)6 1305( To)1 175( terminals.)1 436(First, here are instructions to bootstrap the various Plan 9)9 2404 4 1080 2520 t
( by a lower\255case)3 653( all the terminals, typing two control\255T's followed)7 2018( On)1 174(server, a file server must be running.)6 1475 4 1080 2640 t
10 CW f
(r)1080 2760 w
10 R f
(reboots the machine; other methods of rebooting are mentioned for some machines.)11 3339 1 1165 2760 t
( t)1 2( no ot)2 82(G Gn)1 124 3 870 2928 t
(The boot ROM prints)3 864 1 1080 3048 t
10 CW f
(server[default==incon!nj/astro/Nfs!/68020/9gnot])1440 3216 w
10 R f
( components of the)3 781( The)1 211(Typing just a newline bootstraps the default system.)7 2124 3 1080 3384 t
10 CW f
(server)4227 3384 w
10 R f
(string are defaulted)2 782 1 4618 3384 t
(from the right, for example, to bootstrap)6 1663 1 1080 3504 t
10 CW f
(/sys/src/9/gnot/9gnot)2776 3504 w
10 R f
(type just that file name; to boot\255)6 1331 1 4069 3504 t
(strap from a different file server, say kremvax, type)8 2055 1 1080 3624 t
10 CW f
(kremvax!/68020/9gnot)1440 3792 w
10 R f
( available are)2 549(The bootstrap devices)2 892 2 1080 3960 t
10 CW f
(incon)2555 3960 w
10 R f
(,)2855 3960 w
10 CW f
(9600)2914 3960 w
10 R f
(,)3154 3960 w
10 CW f
(19200)3213 3960 w
10 R f
(and)3547 3960 w
10 CW f
(scsi)3725 3960 w
10 R f
(; with)1 240 1 3965 3960 t
10 CW f
(scsi)4239 3960 w
10 R f
(the server name \(here)3 887 1 4513 3960 t
10 CW f
(nj/astro/Nfs)1080 4080 w
10 R f
(\) becomes a unit number, usually)5 1401 1 1800 4080 t
10 CW f
(0)3241 4080 w
10 R f
( For)1 203( file name is a boot partition to use.)8 1525(, and the)2 371 3 3301 4080 t
(example,)1080 4200 w
10 CW f
(scsi!0!boot)1440 4368 w
10 R f
(means boot from the SCSI disk)5 1253 1 1080 4536 t
10 CW f
(0)2358 4536 w
10 R f
(the kernel in disk partition)4 1055 1 2443 4536 t
10 CW f
(/dev/hd0boot.)3523 4536 w
10 R f
( if the)2 255( However,)1 451( cache file system, one normally bootstraps using the SCSI disk.)10 2681(If running with a local)4 933 4 1080 4704 t
( do this, use)3 490( To)1 165( been destroyed or is hopelessly out of date, bootstrap using the serial line.)13 3029(local kernel has)2 636 4 1080 4824 t
(the boot line)2 500 1 1080 4944 t
10 CW f
(9600!nj/astro/Nfs!/68020/9gnotdisk)1440 5112 w
10 R f
(to bootstrap from the serial line at 9600 baud or)9 1906 1 1080 5280 t
10 CW f
(19200!nj/astro/Nfs!/68020/9gnotdisk)1440 5448 w
10 R f
(for a 19200 baud connection.)4 1167 1 1080 5616 t
(To shut the system down, just turn off the power.)9 1968 1 1080 5784 t
( on n)2 54( ti io)2 82( at)1 30( ta)1 46( st)1 30( ts)1 41( xt)1 30( ex)1 52(N Ne)1 118 9 870 5952 t
( on and left alone, a Nextstation will download)8 2065(When powered)1 629 2 1080 6072 t
10 CW f
(/68020/9nextstation)3823 6072 w
10 R f
(using the)1 388 1 5012 6072 t
( first it loads)3 515( \(Actually,)1 456(BOOTP and TFTP protocols.)3 1190 3 1080 6192 t
10 CW f
(/lib/tftpd/boot)3270 6192 w
10 R f
( that to download the)4 856(and uses)1 345 2 4199 6192 t
( then prompts for the user name and password and asks for the Ethernet protocol to)15 3454( It)1 120(operating system.\))1 746 3 1080 6312 t
(use; request the default.)3 948 1 1080 6432 t
( an Ethernet symbol; at this time, holding the left)9 2033(While the system is downloading, it displays)6 1834 2 1080 6600 t
10 CW f
(Command)4980 6600 w
10 R f
( and typing the)3 606(key down)1 395 2 1080 6720 t
10 CW f
(~)2109 6720 w
10 R f
( The)1 208(key aborts the download and transfers control to a ROM\255resident monitor.)10 2995 2 2197 6720 t
(monitor will use the Ethernet to boot an alternate kernel given the command, e.g.,)13 3265 1 1080 6840 t
10 CW f
(ben /sys/src/9/next/9nextstation)1 1920 1 1440 7008 t
10 R f
(or)1080 7176 w
( 416)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( BOOTING)1 3951(BOOTING \( 8 \))3 589 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(ben kgbvax:/sys/src/9/next/9nextstation)1 2340 1 1440 960 t
10 R f
(to force the download to come from system)7 1739 1 1080 1128 t
10 CW f
(kgbvax.)2844 1128 w
10 R f
( the system is downloading, it dis\255)6 1388( While)1 297( from the disk.)3 592(If running with a local cache file system, bootstrap)8 2043 4 1080 1296 t
( processor first loads a program, Disclabel, from the kernel partition)10 2737( The)1 207(plays a symbol of a spinning disk.)6 1376 3 1080 1416 t
10 CW f
(/dev/hd1label)1080 1536 w
10 R f
(and then the real kernel from)5 1155 1 1885 1536 t
10 CW f
(/dev/hd1boot)3065 1536 w
10 R f
(.)3785 1536 w
( boot from Eth\255)3 631(See Next's documentation for other details, in particular how to initialize a new machine to)14 3689 2 1080 1704 t
(ernet instead of disk.)3 832 1 1080 1824 t
( left)1 165(To turn the power off, hold down the)7 1523 2 1080 1992 t
10 CW f
(Command)2800 1992 w
10 R f
(and)3252 1992 w
10 CW f
(Alternate)3428 1992 w
10 R f
( To)1 168(keys and press the power key.)5 1232 2 4000 1992 t
(reboot, hold down the left)4 1059 1 1080 2112 t
10 CW f
(Command)2170 2112 w
10 R f
(and)2621 2112 w
10 CW f
(Alternate)2796 2112 w
10 R f
(and press the)2 533 1 3367 2112 t
10 CW f
(*)3931 2112 w
10 R f
( of the)2 265(key in the upper left corner)5 1113 2 4022 2112 t
(keypad.)1080 2232 w
( on n)2 54( ti io)2 82( at)1 30( ta)1 46( st)1 30( cs)1 41( rc)1 46( ar)1 35( pa)1 46( Sp)1 52( S)1 99( un n)2 54(S Su)1 108 13 870 2400 t
(Type a)1 314 1 1080 2520 t
10 CW f
(b)1459 2520 w
10 R f
( kernel resides in)3 802( The)1 246( and the kernel will be downloaded.)6 1674(to the power\255on monitor)3 1094 4 1584 2520 t
10 CW f
(/lib/tftpd/)1080 2640 w
10 I f
(xxxxxxxx)1748 2640 w
10 CW f
(.SUN4C)2108 2640 w
10 R f
(where)2530 2640 w
10 I f
(xxxxxxxx)2835 2640 w
10 R f
( upper\255case hexadecimal IP number of the)6 1900(is the)1 251 2 3249 2640 t
( running, the operating system)4 1261( Once)1 272( an alternate file to download.)5 1252( is no way to specify)5 879(machine. There)1 656 5 1080 2760 t
(asks the same questions as on the Nextstation.)7 1843 1 1080 2880 t
( m)1 2( gn nu um)3 184( ag)1 52( Ma)1 46( M)1 132( PS S)2 60( IP)1 58(M MI)1 124 8 870 3048 t
( boot from the ethernet,)4 980( To)1 171( ethernet or from a local disk.)6 1238(The Magnum ROM monitor can boot from the)7 1931 4 1080 3168 t
(type)1080 3288 w
10 CW f
(bootp\(\)/mips/9magnum)1440 3456 w
10 R f
(or use the ROM command)4 1072 1 1080 3624 t
10 CW f
(setenv)2180 3624 w
10 R f
(to set the variable)3 716 1 2568 3624 t
10 CW f
(bootfile)3312 3624 w
10 R f
( same string and type)4 865(to that)1 256 2 3820 3624 t
10 CW f
(boot)4970 3624 w
10 R f
(. To)1 190 1 5210 3624 t
(load a different file, tell)4 949 1 1080 3744 t
10 CW f
(bootp)2055 3744 w
10 R f
(which file to load, and to force the download to come from a particular sys\255)14 3019 1 2381 3744 t
(tem,)1080 3864 w
10 CW f
(bootp\(\)system:file)1280 3864 w
10 R f
( arguments after)2 648(. Any)1 247 2 2360 3864 t
10 CW f
(bootp\(\)file)3280 3864 w
10 R f
(are passed to)2 515 1 3965 3864 t
10 CW f
(/boot.)4505 3864 w
10 R f
(To boot from disk, type)4 947 1 1080 4032 t
10 CW f
(dksd\(\)b)1440 4200 w
10 R f
( bootstrap program or use the ROM command)7 1866(to load the Plan 9)4 708 2 1080 4368 t
10 CW f
(setenv)3682 4368 w
10 R f
(to set the variable)3 716 1 4070 4368 t
10 CW f
(bootfile)4814 4368 w
10 R f
(to)5322 4368 w
( and type)2 372(that same string)2 641 2 1080 4488 t
10 CW f
(boot)2121 4488 w
10 R f
( If)1 119( bootstrap program will then prompt for the partition to boot from.)11 2687(. The)1 233 3 2361 4488 t
( in 15 seconds, a kernel will be booted from the hard disk partition)13 2671(nothing is typed)2 645 2 1080 4608 t
10 CW f
(/dev/hd0boot.)4422 4608 w
10 R f
(Any)5228 4608 w
(arguments after)1 623 1 1080 4728 t
10 CW f
(dksd\(\)b)1728 4728 w
10 R f
(are passed to)2 515 1 2173 4728 t
10 CW f
(/boot.)2713 4728 w
10 R f
(Once running, the operating system asks the same questions as on the Nextstation.)12 3291 1 1080 4896 t
(To reboot the machine, cycle the power or hit the reset button on the back.)14 2972 1 1080 5064 t
( s)1 2( Cs)1 41( PC)1 69( P)1 99( r)1 2( er)1 35( he)1 46( th)1 52( ot)1 30( o)1 93( nd d)2 54( an)1 52( a)1 87( i)1 2( ri)1 30( ar)1 35( fa)1 46( af)1 35( Sa)1 46( S)1 99( T)1 2( &T)1 63( T&)1 80(A AT)1 135 24 870 5232 t
( with a)2 278( DOS is booted, it will prompt)6 1227( Once)1 262(The Safari always boots DOS when you turn it on.)9 2038 4 1080 5352 t
10 CW f
(C>)4913 5352 w
10 R f
( that)1 178(. To)1 189 2 5033 5352 t
(type)1080 5472 w
10 CW f
(b)1287 5472 w
10 R f
( diskette in the floppy drive, the kernel will automatically be loaded)11 2807( there is no)3 471( If)1 126(to boot Plan 9.)3 614 4 1382 5472 t
(from the hard disk partition)4 1111 1 1080 5592 t
10 CW f
(/dev/hd0boot.)2219 5592 w
10 R f
( from diskette, insert one \(with a DOS file system\))9 2056(To boot)1 317 2 3027 5592 t
(before typing)1 535 1 1080 5712 t
10 CW f
(b)1640 5712 w
10 R f
( boot program will prompt for the kernel to boot with)10 2132(. The)1 230 2 1700 5712 t
10 CW f
(server[hd!0!boot]:)1440 5880 w
10 R f
(A return causes a boot from hard disk partition,)8 1894 1 1080 6048 t
10 CW f
(/dev/hd0boot.)2999 6048 w
10 R f
(Typing)3804 6048 w
10 CW f
(fd!0!9)1440 6216 w
10 R f
(will bootstrap a kernel from the file named)7 1711 1 1080 6384 t
10 CW f
(9)2816 6384 w
10 R f
(on the diskette.)2 608 1 2901 6384 t
( See)1 194(Once the kernel is booted, it behaves like all others.)9 2066 2 1080 6552 t
10 I f
(boot)3365 6552 w
10 R f
(\(8\) for details.)2 568 1 3551 6552 t
( s)1 2( rs)1 41( er)1 35( ve)1 46( rv)1 52( er)1 35( Se)1 46( S)1 99( U)1 2( PU)1 74(C CP)1 125 11 870 6720 t
( the CPU)2 391( On)1 184( when booting.)2 621(The Plan 9 CPU servers are multi\255user, so they do not request a user name)14 3124 4 1080 6840 t
(servers, typing a control\255P on the console reboots the machine.)9 2510 1 1080 6960 t
( s)1 2( es)1 41( ie)1 46( ri)1 30( er)1 35( Se)1 46( S)1 99( r)1 2( er)1 35( we)1 46( ow)1 74( Po)1 52( P)1 99( I)1 2( GI)1 35(S SG)1 130 16 870 7128 t
(To the power\255on menu, type a)5 1288 1 1080 7248 t
10 CW f
(5)2410 7248 w
10 R f
(to get the)2 406 1 2512 7248 t
10 CW f
(>>)2961 7248 w
10 R f
( boot Plan 9 using the Plan 9 bootstrap)8 1689(prompt. Then)1 587 2 3124 7248 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 417)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( BOOTING)1 3951(BOOTING \( 8 \))3 589 3 720 480 t
(program,)1080 960 w
10 CW f
(b)1473 960 w
10 R f
( bootstrap program)2 768( The)1 209( SCSI boot disk.)3 669(, which resides on the disk volume header \(dvh\) of the)10 2221 4 1533 960 t
( server \(as in)3 542(takes two arguments, the method with which to attach to a file)11 2585 2 1080 1080 t
10 I f
(boot)4242 1080 w
10 R f
(\(8\)\) and a kernel file to)5 972 1 4428 1080 t
( default method is)3 734(boot. The)1 413 2 1080 1200 t
10 I f
(cyc)2257 1200 w
10 R f
(and the default kernel file is)5 1142 1 2419 1200 t
10 CW f
(/mips/9power.)3591 1200 w
10 R f
( the)1 151(For example, to boot)3 848 2 4401 1200 t
(standard kernel over the Cyclone, just type)6 1711 1 1080 1320 t
10 CW f
(b)1440 1488 w
10 R f
(To boot a test kernel via the Ethernet using the IL protocol type)12 2541 1 1080 1656 t
10 CW f
(b il /sys/src/9/power/9power)2 1680 1 1440 1824 t
10 R f
(Any arguments given to the bootstrap program will also be passed on to)12 2875 1 1080 1992 t
10 CW f
(/boot)3980 1992 w
10 R f
(in the loaded kernel.)3 815 1 4305 1992 t
( program reads a configuration description from file)7 2300(The bootstrap)1 583 2 1080 2160 t
10 CW f
(/mips/conf/x.x.x.x)4020 2160 w
10 R f
(where)5157 2160 w
10 CW f
(x.x.x.x)1080 2280 w
10 R f
( loading the ker\255)3 666( After)1 263( IP address separated by dots.)5 1196(is the decimal value of the each byte of the)9 1746 4 1529 2280 t
(nel it passes to it the configuration information.)7 1899 1 1080 2400 t
( bring up Unix to copy the bootstrap program to the)10 2125(Before using Plan 9 for the first time you will have to)11 2195 2 1080 2568 t
(dvh. Copy)1 452 1 1080 2688 t
10 CW f
(/mips/9powerboot)1567 2688 w
10 R f
( use)1 167( Then)1 264(onto the Unix file system.)4 1072 3 2561 2688 t
10 CW f
(dvhtool)4098 2688 w
10 R f
(to copy it to the dvh)5 848 1 4552 2688 t
(file)1080 2808 w
10 CW f
(b.)1238 2808 w
10 R f
( on n)2 54( ti io)2 82( at)1 30( ta)1 46( st)1 30( cs)1 41( rc)1 46( ar)1 35( pa)1 46( Sp)1 52( S)1 99( un n)2 54(S Su)1 108 13 870 2976 t
(Proceed as for the Sparcstation running as a terminal but load)10 2457 1 1080 3096 t
10 CW f
(/sparc/9sscpu)3562 3096 w
10 R f
(.)4342 3096 w
( m)1 2( gn nu um)3 184( ag)1 52( Ma)1 46( M)1 132( s)1 2( ps)1 41( ip)1 52(M Mi)1 119 9 870 3264 t
( a terminal but load)4 1049(Booting from the ethernet proceed as for the Magnum running as)10 3271 2 1080 3384 t
10 CW f
(/mips/9magnumcpu)1080 3504 w
10 R f
( from the disk proceed as for the Magnum running as a terminal.)12 2576(. Booting)1 398 2 2040 3504 t
( networks and or protocols)4 1133( allows us to boot from)5 1005( This)1 244(With a disk a two stage boot is also possible.)9 1938 4 1080 3672 t
( of copying a kernel into the boot partition, we copy a bootstrap pro\255)13 2735( Instead)1 339(unknown to the ROM monitor.)4 1246 3 1080 3792 t
( arguments following)2 869( The)1 211(gram that will load the real kernel across a network.)9 2127 3 1080 3912 t
10 CW f
(dksd\(\)b)4319 3912 w
10 R f
(are passed both)2 629 1 4771 3912 t
( first specifies the network and machine to boot)8 1897( The)1 205( program and to the downloaded kernel.)6 1594(to the bootstrap)2 624 4 1080 4032 t
( example, to boot via the Datakit high speed board from)10 2273( For)1 193(from and the second specifies the file to boot.)8 1854 3 1080 4152 t
(the file server)2 548 1 1080 4272 t
10 CW f
(nj/astro/x)1653 4272 w
10 R f
(type)2278 4272 w
10 CW f
(dksd\(\)b hs!nj/astro/bootes /mips/9magnumcpu)2 2580 1 1440 4440 t
10 R f
(To boot via the ethernet using the IL protocol type)9 2017 1 1080 4608 t
10 CW f
(dksd\(\)b il /mips/9magnumcpu)2 1620 1 1440 4776 t
10 R f
( it t)2 32( ob bb bi)3 134(H Ho)1 124 3 870 4944 t
( variables can be examined by typing)6 1504( The)1 208( RAM for booting.)3 759(The ROM uses some variables in non\255volatile)6 1849 4 1080 5064 t
(an)1080 5184 w
10 CW f
(e)1200 5184 w
10 R f
( prompt)1 314(in response to the ROM)4 959 2 1286 5184 t
10 CW f
('>>>')2584 5184 w
10 R f
(and initialized to useful defaults by)5 1407 1 2909 5184 t
10 CW f
('e \255i')1 360 1 4341 5184 t
10 R f
( order to boot)3 541(. In)1 158 2 4701 5184 t
(the default kernel \(ROM variable)4 1330 1 1080 5304 t
10 CW f
(bootfile)2435 5304 w
10 R f
(\))2915 5304 w
10 CW f
(b \255\255 incon!nj/astro/Nfs)2 1380 1 1440 5472 t
10 R f
(and to boot an alternate kernel)5 1211 1 1080 5640 t
10 CW f
(e bootfile /sys/src/9/hobbit/9cpu)2 1980 1 1440 5808 t
(b \255\255 incon!nj/astro/Nfs)2 1380 1 1440 5928 t
10 R f
(or)1080 6096 w
10 CW f
(b /sys/src/9hobbit/9cpu \255\255 incon!nj/astro/Nfs)3 2700 1 1440 6264 t
10 R f
(The second form will also initialize the)6 1565 1 1080 6432 t
10 CW f
(bootfile)2670 6432 w
10 R f
(variable.)3175 6432 w
(Currently, Hobbit boards boot only using)5 1650 1 1080 6600 t
10 CW f
(incon)2755 6600 w
10 R f
(.)3055 6600 w
( s)1 2( rs)1 41( er)1 35( ve)1 46( rv)1 52( er)1 35( se)1 46( s)1 82( e)1 2( il le)2 76(F Fi)1 86 11 870 6768 t
( servers run a distinct)4 882(The CPU servers and terminals run essentially the same program, but the Plan 9 file)14 3438 2 1080 6888 t
( file servers accept only the commands described in)8 2062(system. The)1 508 2 1080 7008 t
10 I f
(fs)3675 7008 w
10 R f
(\(8\) on their consoles.)3 843 1 3750 7008 t
( s)1 2( es)1 41( ie)1 46( ri)1 30( er)1 35( Se)1 46( S)1 99( r)1 2( er)1 35( we)1 46( ow)1 74( Po)1 52( P)1 99( I)1 2( GI)1 35(S SG)1 130 16 870 7176 t
(To the power\255on menu, type a)5 1268 1 1080 7296 t
10 CW f
(5)2386 7296 w
10 R f
(to get the)2 398 1 2484 7296 t
10 CW f
(>>)2920 7296 w
10 R f
( Magnum but load)3 778( boot the system like a)5 962(prompt. Then)1 582 3 3078 7296 t
( 418)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( BOOTING)1 3951(BOOTING \( 8 \))3 589 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(9powerfs)1080 960 w
10 R f
( files are in)3 518(. These)1 338 2 1560 960 t
10 CW f
(/sys/src/fs/power)2465 960 w
10 R f
(on)3534 960 w
10 CW f
(bootes)3683 960 w
10 R f
(or in)1 210 1 4092 960 t
10 CW f
(/usr/local/boot)4351 960 w
10 R f
(on)5300 960 w
10 CW f
(tempel)1080 1080 w
10 R f
( On)1 176( system will come up automatically.)5 1464(. The)1 234 3 1440 1080 t
10 CW f
(bootes)3343 1080 w
10 R f
( will be spent initializing)4 1015(, several minutes)2 682 2 3703 1080 t
(the WORM jukebox; the machine will chat happily while this is going on.)12 2963 1 1080 1200 t
( 62 28 80 0)4 158( 6)1 93( s)1 2( ps)1 41( ip)1 52(M Mi)1 119 6 870 1368 t
(In response to the PROM)4 1016 1 1080 1488 t
10 CW f
(>>)2121 1488 w
10 R f
(prompt, type)1 511 1 2266 1488 t
10 CW f
(bootp\(,egl\)tempel:96280fs)1440 1656 w
10 R f
( on n)2 54( ti io)2 82( at)1 30( ta)1 46( st)1 30( cs)1 41( rc)1 46( ar)1 35( pa)1 46( Sp)1 52( S)1 99( c)1 2( rc)1 46( ar)1 35( pa)1 46(S Sp)1 108 16 870 1824 t
(Proceed as for the Sparcstation running as a terminal, but load)10 2482 1 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
(/sparc/9ssfs)3587 1944 w
10 R f
(.)4307 1944 w
( m)1 2( gn nu um)3 184( ag)1 52( Ma)1 46( M)1 132( s)1 2( ps)1 41( ip)1 52(M Mi)1 119 9 870 2112 t
(Proceed as for the Magnum running as a terminal, but load)10 2349 1 1080 2232 t
10 CW f
(/mips/9magnumfs)3454 2232 w
10 R f
(.)4354 2232 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2400 t
10 I f
(boot)1080 2520 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1266 2520 w
10 I f
(fs)1432 2520 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1507 2520 w
10 I f
(init)1673 2520 w
10 R f
(\(8\))1815 2520 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2688 t
10 R f
(The file server should be able to boot from its own disk.)11 2242 1 1080 2808 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 419)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( BOOTP)1 4072(BOOTP \( 8 \))3 468 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(bootp, rarpd, tftpd)2 727 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1832 1080 w
10 R f
(Internet booting)1 641 1 1922 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(ip/bootp)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1585 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255d)1618 1368 w
10 R f
(])1738 1368 w
10 CW f
(ip/rarpd)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1585 1536 w
10 CW f
(\255d)1618 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1738 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255e)1829 1536 w
10 I f
(etherdev)1974 1536 w
10 R f
(])2325 1536 w
10 CW f
(ip/tftpd)1080 1704 w
10 R f
([)1585 1704 w
10 CW f
(\255d)1618 1704 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1738 1704 t
10 CW f
(\255h)1829 1704 w
10 I f
(homedir)1974 1704 w
10 R f
(])2315 1704 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 R f
( should all be run on the same server to allow other)11 2055( They)1 256( booting over the Internet.)4 1044(These programs support)2 965 4 1080 1992 t
( booted.)1 327(systems to be)2 551 2 1080 2112 t
10 I f
(Rarpd)2013 2112 w
10 R f
(and)2293 2112 w
10 I f
(tftpd)2467 2112 w
10 R f
(are used to boot Suns.)4 900 1 2681 2112 t
10 I f
(Bootp)3636 2112 w
10 R f
(and)3905 2112 w
10 I f
(tftpd)4079 2112 w
10 R f
(are used to boot everything)4 1107 1 4293 2112 t
(else.)1080 2232 w
10 I f
(Bootp)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(passes to Plan 9 systems their IP address, IP mask, default boot file, default file server, default)16 4039 1 1361 2400 t
( come from the network database file attributes)7 2043( These)1 311( gateway.)1 405(authentication server, and default)3 1402 4 1080 2520 t
10 I f
(ip)5289 2520 w
10 R f
(,)5375 2520 w
10 I f
(ipmask)1088 2640 w
10 R f
(,)1379 2640 w
10 I f
(bootf)1451 2640 w
10 R f
(,)1665 2640 w
10 I f
(fs)1730 2640 w
10 R f
(,)1805 2640 w
10 I f
(auth)1878 2640 w
10 R f
(, and)1 209 1 2064 2640 t
10 I f
(ipgw)2313 2640 w
10 R f
(attributes respectively \(see)2 1094 1 2548 2640 t
10 I f
(ndb)3682 2640 w
10 R f
(\(6\) and)1 300 1 3840 2640 t
10 I f
(ndb)4180 2640 w
10 R f
( attributes come)2 668(\(8\)\). The)1 394 2 4338 2640 t
( entry having precedence, subnet)4 1330(from the entry for the system, its subnet, and its network with the system)13 2990 2 1080 2760 t
( The)1 205(next, and network last.)3 907 2 1080 2880 t
10 CW f
(\255d)2217 2880 w
10 R f
(option causes debugging to be printed to standard out.)8 2162 1 2362 2880 t
10 I f
(Rarpd)1080 3048 w
10 R f
( into Internet)2 522(performs the Internet reverse address resolution protocol, translating Ethernet addresses)9 3521 2 1357 3048 t
( options are:)2 494(addresses. The)1 612 2 1080 3168 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 3336 w
10 R f
(print debugging to standard output)4 1383 1 1440 3336 t
10 CW f
(e)1080 3504 w
10 R f
(use the Ethernet mounted at /net/)5 1318 1 1440 3504 t
10 I f
(etherdev)2766 3504 w
(Tftpd)1080 3672 w
10 R f
( user)1 198( runs as)2 317( It)1 117(transfers files to systems that are booting.)6 1698 4 1323 3672 t
10 I f
(none)3685 3672 w
10 R f
(and can only access files with world)6 1489 1 3911 3672 t
( options are:)2 494( The)1 205(read permission.)1 660 3 1080 3792 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 3960 w
10 R f
(print debugging to standard output)4 1383 1 1440 3960 t
10 CW f
(h)1080 4128 w
10 R f
(change directory to)2 770 1 1440 4128 t
10 I f
(homedir)2235 4128 w
10 R f
( default is)2 394(. The)1 230 2 2576 4128 t
10 CW f
(/lib/tftpd.)3225 4128 w
10 R f
(All requests for files with non\255rooted)5 1489 1 3911 4128 t
( of the form)3 591(file names are served starting at this directory with the exception of files)12 3369 2 1440 4248 t
10 CW f
(xxxxxxxx.SUN4C.)1440 4368 w
10 R f
(These are Sparc kernel boot files where)6 1626 1 2373 4368 t
10 CW f
(xxxxxxxx)4032 4368 w
10 R f
( IP address)2 456(is the hex)2 399 2 4545 4368 t
(of the machine requesting the kernel.)5 1535 1 1440 4488 t
10 I f
(Tftpd)3035 4488 w
10 R f
(looks up the file in the network database using and)9 2118 1 3282 4488 t
( the)1 162( no booftile is specified,)4 1019( If)1 130(responds with the bootfile specified for that particular machine.)8 2649 4 1440 4608 t
(transfer fails.)1 526 1 1440 4728 t
10 I f
(Tftpd)2016 4728 w
10 R f
(supports only octet mode.)3 1033 1 2253 4728 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4896 t
10 I f
(ndb)1080 5016 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1238 5016 w
( 420)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( BTRACE)1 4005(BTRACE \( 8 \))3 535 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(btrace)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1348 1080 w
10 R f
(trace bitblt protocol)2 788 1 1438 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(btrace)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1465 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255d)1523 1368 w
10 R f
([)1668 1368 w
10 CW f
(d)1726 1368 w
10 R f
(]] [)1 124 1 1811 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1960 1368 w
10 I f
(ofile)2113 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2316 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255b)2432 1368 w
10 I f
(bfile)2585 1368 w
10 R f
(])2788 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Btrace)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( from)1 223(eavesdrops on messages to and)4 1254 2 1374 1656 t
10 CW f
(/dev/bitblt)2880 1656 w
10 R f
(, interprets them as messages in the bit device)8 1860 1 3540 1656 t
(protocol \(see)1 538 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(bit)1663 1776 w
10 R f
( a trace file,)3 527(\(3\)\), and prints a readable version of the messages on)9 2308 2 1777 1776 t
10 CW f
(btrace.out)4656 1776 w
10 R f
(by)5300 1776 w
(default. After)1 568 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(btrace)1679 1896 w
10 R f
( programs run in)3 684(is started, it runs in the background, tracing all subsequent graphics)10 2751 2 1965 1896 t
( for)1 141( Options)1 367(that window.)1 522 3 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(btrace)2135 2016 w
10 R f
(are:)2415 2016 w
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 2184 w
10 I f
(ofile)1233 2184 w
10 R f
(Print trace output in)3 797 1 1523 2184 t
10 I f
(ofile)2345 2184 w
10 R f
(instead of)1 391 1 2548 2184 t
10 CW f
(btrace.out)2964 2184 w
10 R f
(.)3564 2184 w
10 CW f
(\255b)1080 2352 w
10 I f
(bfile)1233 2352 w
10 R f
(Dump each bitmap read or written to)6 1493 1 1523 2352 t
10 I f
(bfile)3044 2352 w
10 R f
(, using the format of)4 825 1 3230 2352 t
10 I f
(bitmap)4083 2352 w
10 R f
( succeeding bit\255)2 638(\(6\). Each)1 393 2 4369 2352 t
(map overwrites the previous contents of)5 1600 1 1523 2472 t
10 I f
(file. Tweak)1 439 1 3148 2472 t
10 R f
(\(1\) can be used to examine the file.)7 1402 1 3595 2472 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 2640 w
10 R f
( maximum level is)3 742( The)1 205(Increase the level of trace detail.)5 1295 3 1523 2640 t
10 CW f
(\255dd)3790 2640 w
10 R f
(.)3970 2640 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2808 t
10 CW f
(/dev/bitblt)1080 2928 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3096 t
10 I f
(bit)1080 3216 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1194 3216 w
10 I f
(bitmap)1360 3216 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)1646 3216 w
10 I f
(graphics)1812 3216 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2170 3216 w
10 I f
(tweak)2336 3216 w
10 R f
(\(1\))2577 3216 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 421)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( CPURC)1 4071(CPURC \( 8 \))3 469 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(cpurc, termrc)1 531 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1636 1080 w
10 R f
(boot script)1 425 1 1726 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cpurc)1080 1368 w
(termrc)1080 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 R f
( kernel boots, it execs)4 876(After the)1 358 2 1080 1824 t
10 CW f
(/boot)2341 1824 w
10 R f
(\(see)2668 1824 w
10 I f
(root)2855 1824 w
10 R f
(\(3\)\), which in turn execs)4 986 1 3030 1824 t
10 CW f
(/$cputype/init)4043 1824 w
10 R f
(.)4883 1824 w
10 I f
(Init)4960 1824 w
10 R f
(\(8\) sets)1 293 1 5107 1824 t
(the)1080 1944 w
10 CW f
($service)1231 1944 w
10 R f
( to)1 106(environment variable)1 855 2 1740 1944 t
10 CW f
(cpu)2729 1944 w
10 R f
(or)2937 1944 w
10 CW f
(terminal)3048 1944 w
10 R f
(, and then invokes the appropriate)5 1368 1 3528 1944 t
10 CW f
(rc)4924 1944 w
10 R f
(script to)1 328 1 5072 1944 t
(bring the system up.)3 811 1 1080 2064 t
(Based on the values of)4 920 1 1080 2232 t
10 CW f
($sysname)2029 2232 w
10 R f
(and)2538 2232 w
10 CW f
($terminal)2711 2232 w
10 R f
( and)1 174(these scripts start appropriate network processes)5 1946 2 3280 2232 t
(administrative daemons and enable swapping.)4 1863 1 1080 2352 t
10 CW f
(Cpurc)2999 2352 w
10 R f
(sets)3329 2352 w
10 CW f
(/env/boottime)3509 2352 w
10 R f
(to the time)2 438 1 4319 2352 t
10 I f
(cpurc)4787 2352 w
10 R f
(was exe\255)1 356 1 5044 2352 t
(cuted and)1 385 1 1080 2472 t
10 CW f
(/env/NPROC)1490 2472 w
10 R f
(to a value suitable for parallel compilation in)7 1795 1 2115 2472 t
10 I f
(mk)3935 2472 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)4059 2472 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2640 t
10 I f
(srv)1080 2760 w
10 R f
(\(4\),)1210 2760 w
10 I f
(namespace)1376 2760 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)1827 2760 w
10 I f
(dkconfig)1993 2760 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)2345 2760 w
10 I f
(init)2511 2760 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)2653 2760 w
10 I f
(listen)2819 2760 w
10 R f
(\(8\))3044 2760 w
( 422)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( CRON)1 4122(CRON \( 8 \))3 418 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(cron)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1282 1080 w
10 R f
(clock daemon)1 557 1 1372 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(auth/cron)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1645 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255c)1678 1368 w
10 R f
(])1798 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Cron)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( in the files)3 612(executes commands at specified dates and times according to instructions)9 3423 2 1365 1656 t
10 CW f
(/cron/)1080 1776 w
10 I f
(user)1448 1776 w
10 CW f
(/cron.)1628 1776 w
10 R f
( Option)1 362(It runs only on an authentication server.)6 1793 2 2072 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255c)4286 1776 w
10 R f
(causes)4465 1776 w
10 I f
(cron)4784 1776 w
10 R f
(to create)1 374 1 5026 1776 t
10 CW f
(/cron/)1080 1896 w
10 I f
(user)1448 1896 w
10 R f
(and)1645 1896 w
10 CW f
(/cron/)1814 1896 w
10 I f
(user)2182 1896 w
10 CW f
(/cron)2362 1896 w
10 R f
(for the current user; it can be run from any Plan 9 machine.)12 2364 1 2687 1896 t
(Blank lines and lines beginning with)5 1464 1 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(#)2569 2064 w
10 R f
( are lines with fields)4 810( Entries)1 333(in these files are ignored.)4 1006 3 2654 2064 t
10 I f
(minute hour day month weekday host command)6 1903 1 1440 2232 t
(Command)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(is a string, which may contain spaces, that is passed to an)11 2366 1 1523 2400 t
10 I f
(rc)3921 2400 w
10 R f
(\(1\) running on)2 593 1 4012 2400 t
10 I f
(host)4638 2400 w
10 R f
(for execution.)1 562 1 4838 2400 t
(The first five fields are integer patterns for)7 1698 1 1080 2520 t
(minute 0)1 660 1 1440 2640 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2100 2640 w
10 R f
(59)2165 2640 w
(hour 0)1 660 1 1440 2760 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2100 2760 w
10 R f
(23)2165 2760 w
( 1)1 127(day of month)2 533 2 1440 2880 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2100 2880 w
10 R f
(31)2165 2880 w
( 1)1 100(month of year)2 560 2 1440 3000 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2100 3000 w
10 R f
(12)2165 3000 w
( 0)1 173(day of week)2 487 2 1440 3120 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2100 3120 w
10 R f
(6; 0=Sunday)1 509 1 2165 3120 t
(The syntax for these patterns is)5 1245 1 1080 3288 t
10 CW f
( '*')1 240(time :)1 420 2 1440 3456 t
(| range)1 420 1 1800 3576 t
(range : number)2 840 1 1440 3696 t
(| number '\255' number)3 1140 1 1800 3816 t
(| range ',' range)3 1020 1 1800 3936 t
10 R f
( specify inclusive ranges of valid times; commas)7 1994( Hyphens)1 412( in the appropriate range.)4 1028(Each number must be)3 886 4 1080 4104 t
(specify lists of valid time ranges.)5 1321 1 1080 4224 t
10 I f
(Cron)1080 4392 w
10 R f
( skips commands if it cannot reach)6 1411( It)1 115(is not a reliable service.)4 961 3 1315 4392 t
10 I f
(host)3831 4392 w
10 R f
( the)1 152(within two minutes, or if)4 1008 2 4027 4392 t
10 I f
(cron)5217 4392 w
10 R f
(daemon is not running at the appropriate time.)7 1848 1 1080 4512 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 4680 t
10 R f
(Here is the job that mails system news.)7 1560 1 1080 4800 t
10 CW f
(% cat /cron/upas/cron)2 1260 1 1440 4968 t
(# send system news)3 1080 1 1440 5088 t
( /mail/lib/mailnews)1 1140( helix)1 480(15 8\25517, 21 ***)3 900 3 1440 5208 t
(%)1440 5328 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5496 t
10 I f
(con)1080 5616 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1232 5616 w
10 I f
(rc)1398 5616 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1489 5616 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 423)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( DKCONFIG)1 3884(DKCONFIG \( 8 \))3 656 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(dkconfig, dkstat)1 644 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1749 1080 w
10 R f
(configure Datakit interface)2 1074 1 1839 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(dkconfig)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1585 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255d)1643 1368 w
10 I f
(dev)1788 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1951 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255n)2067 1368 w
10 I f
(netname)2212 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2575 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255c)2691 1368 w
10 I f
(csc nlines)1 391 1 2836 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3252 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255b)3368 1368 w
10 I f
(baud)3513 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3738 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255w)3854 1368 w
10 I f
(window)3999 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 4336 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255ai)4452 1368 w
10 R f
(])4657 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Dkconfig)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(configures the device)2 871 1 1480 1656 t
10 I f
(dev)2385 1656 w
10 R f
(\(default)2557 1656 w
10 CW f
(#h)2901 1656 w
10 R f
( Datakit link and gives it kernel id)7 1433(\) as a)2 228 2 3021 1656 t
10 I f
(netname)4717 1656 w
10 R f
(\(default)5090 1656 w
10 CW f
(dk)1080 1776 w
10 R f
( subsequent reference to the device)5 1428(\). Any)1 286 2 1200 1776 t
10 CW f
(#k)2945 1776 w
10 I f
(name)3073 1776 w
10 R f
( to conversations multi\255)3 962(and its subdirectories refers)3 1118 2 3320 1776 t
(plexed on this link.)3 767 1 1080 1896 t
(As a convenience,)2 728 1 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(dkconfig)1833 2064 w
10 R f
(performs a)1 429 1 2202 2064 t
10 CW f
(bind\("#k)1440 2232 w
10 I f
(name)1920 2232 w
10 CW f
(", "/net", MBEFORE\))2 1140 1 2136 2232 t
10 R f
(to make the dk device available to)6 1364 1 1080 2400 t
10 I f
(dial)2469 2400 w
10 R f
(\(2\).)2633 2400 w
(Option)1080 2568 w
10 CW f
(\255c)1385 2568 w
10 R f
(allows the common signalling channel,)4 1571 1 1532 2568 t
10 I f
(csc,)3130 2568 w
10 R f
(and the number of Datakit lines,)5 1297 1 3309 2568 t
10 I f
(nlines)4634 2568 w
10 R f
(, to be speci\255)3 519 1 4881 2568 t
(fied.)1080 2688 w
(Option)1080 2856 w
10 CW f
(\255w)1396 2856 w
10 R f
( size to)2 311(sets the window)2 670 2 1554 2856 t
10 I f
(window,)2574 2856 w
10 R f
( is most important on the)5 1068( This)1 242(a decimal number of bytes.)4 1140 3 2950 2856 t
(Safari's Incon interface which overflows if the window size is greater than 256.)12 3178 1 1080 2976 t
(Option)1080 3144 w
10 CW f
(\255i)1383 3144 w
10 R f
(causes an incon device \(default)4 1246 1 1528 3144 t
10 CW f
(#i)2799 3144 w
10 R f
(\) to be configured as the Datakit connection.)7 1774 1 2919 3144 t
(Option)1080 3312 w
10 CW f
(\255a)1389 3312 w
10 R f
(causes the a serial line \(default)5 1257 1 1540 3312 t
10 CW f
(/dev/eia0)2828 3312 w
10 R f
( The)1 212( as the Datakit connection.)4 1090(\) to be configured)3 730 3 3368 3312 t
10 CW f
(async)1080 3432 w
10 R f
(line protocol is pushed onto the serial line's stream to provide a multiplexed connection.)13 3530 1 1405 3432 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3600 t
10 CW f
(#h)1080 3720 w
10 R f
(default device)1 562 1 1860 3720 t
10 CW f
(#i)1080 3840 w
10 R f
(incon device)1 507 1 1860 3840 t
10 CW f
(#k*/dk/*)1080 3960 w
10 R f
(Datakit devices)1 618 1 1860 3960 t
10 CW f
(/net/dk)1080 4080 w
10 R f
(by convention, Datakit device bind point)5 1632 1 1860 4080 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4248 t
10 I f
(listen)1080 4368 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1305 4368 w
10 I f
(datakit)1471 4368 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1757 4368 w
10 I f
(dk)1923 4368 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)2025 4368 w
10 I f
(dial)2191 4368 w
10 R f
(\(2\))2355 4368 w
10 I f
(netstat\(1\))2496 4368 w
10 R f
( 424)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( FS)1 4288(FS \( 8 \))3 252 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(fs, exsort)1 366 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1471 1080 w
10 R f
(file server maintenance)2 930 1 1561 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(help)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 I f
(command ...)1 488 1 1403 1368 t
10 R f
(])1916 1368 w
10 CW f
(arp)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(subcommand)1285 1488 w
10 CW f
(auth)1080 1608 w
10 R f
([)1345 1608 w
10 CW f
(on)1378 1608 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1498 1608 t
10 I f
(system)1597 1608 w
10 S f
(\357)1871 1608 w
10 I f
(file)1928 1608 w
10 R f
(])2064 1608 w
10 CW f
(cfs)1080 1728 w
10 I f
(filesystem)1285 1728 w
10 CW f
(check)1080 1848 w
10 R f
([)1405 1848 w
10 I f
(options)1446 1848 w
10 R f
(])1749 1848 w
10 CW f
(clri)1080 1968 w
10 R f
([)1345 1968 w
10 I f
(file)1386 1968 w
10 R f
(...])1522 1968 w
10 CW f
(cpu)1080 2088 w
10 R f
([)1285 2088 w
10 I f
(proc)1326 2088 w
10 R f
(])1517 2088 w
10 CW f
(create)1080 2208 w
10 I f
(path uid gid perm)3 714 1 1465 2208 t
10 R f
([)2204 2208 w
10 CW f
(lad)2237 2208 w
10 R f
(])2417 2208 w
10 CW f
(cwcmd)1080 2328 w
10 I f
(subcommand)1405 2328 w
10 CW f
(cycl)1080 2448 w
10 I f
(subcommand)1345 2448 w
10 CW f
(date)1080 2568 w
10 R f
([[)1345 2568 w
10 CW f
(+\255)1411 2568 w
10 R f
(])1531 2568 w
10 I f
(seconds)1589 2568 w
10 R f
(])1913 2568 w
10 CW f
(dump)1080 2688 w
(flag)1080 2808 w
10 I f
(flag)1345 2808 w
10 R f
([)1526 2808 w
10 I f
(channel)1584 2808 w
10 R f
(])1925 2808 w
10 CW f
(halt)1080 2928 w
(netdb)1080 3048 w
10 R f
([)1405 3048 w
10 I f
(file)1446 3048 w
10 R f
(])1582 3048 w
10 CW f
(newuser)1080 3168 w
10 I f
(name)1525 3168 w
10 R f
([)1766 3168 w
10 I f
(options)1807 3168 w
10 R f
(])2110 3168 w
10 CW f
(passwd)1080 3288 w
(profile)1080 3408 w
10 R f
([)1525 3408 w
10 CW f
(01)1558 3408 w
10 R f
(])1678 3408 w
10 CW f
(remove)1080 3528 w
10 R f
([)1465 3528 w
10 I f
(files)1506 3528 w
10 R f
(...])1681 3528 w
10 CW f
(search)1080 3648 w
10 R f
([)1465 3648 w
10 I f
(blockno)1506 3648 w
10 R f
([)1847 3648 w
10 I f
(nblock)1888 3648 w
10 R f
([)2179 3648 w
10 CW f
(bw)2212 3648 w
10 R f
(]]])2332 3648 w
10 CW f
(stat)1080 3768 w
10 R f
([)1320 3768 w
10 CW f
(acejklw)1353 3768 w
10 R f
(])1773 3768 w
10 CW f
(statp)1080 3888 w
10 R f
([)1405 3888 w
10 I f
(proc)1446 3888 w
10 R f
(])1637 3888 w
10 CW f
(stats)1080 4008 w
10 R f
([[)1405 4008 w
10 CW f
(\255)1471 4008 w
10 R f
(])1531 4008 w
10 I f
(flags)1589 4008 w
10 R f
(...])1792 4008 w
10 CW f
(sync)1080 4128 w
(time)1080 4248 w
10 I f
(command)1345 4248 w
10 CW f
(trace)1080 4368 w
10 R f
([)1405 4368 w
10 I f
(number)1446 4368 w
10 R f
(])1759 4368 w
10 CW f
(users)1080 4488 w
10 R f
([)1405 4488 w
10 I f
(file)1446 4488 w
10 R f
(])1582 4488 w
10 CW f
(version)1080 4608 w
(who)1080 4728 w
10 R f
([)1285 4728 w
10 I f
(user)1326 4728 w
10 R f
(...])1506 4728 w
10 CW f
(wormcp)1080 4848 w
10 R f
([)1465 4848 w
10 I f
(funit tunit)1 393 1 1523 4848 t
10 R f
([)1941 4848 w
10 I f
(nblock)1982 4848 w
10 R f
(]])2256 4848 w
10 CW f
(disk/exsort)1080 5016 w
10 R f
([)1765 5016 w
10 CW f
(\255w)1798 5016 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1918 5016 t
10 I f
(file)2017 5016 w
10 R f
(])2153 5016 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 5184 t
10 R f
(Except for)1 418 1 1080 5304 t
10 I f
(exsort,)1523 5304 w
10 R f
(these commands are available only on the console of an)9 2226 1 1817 5304 t
10 I f
(fs)4068 5304 w
10 R f
(\(4\) file server.)2 567 1 4143 5304 t
10 I f
(Help)1080 5472 w
10 R f
(prints a `usage string' for the named)6 1513 1 1310 5472 t
10 I f
(commands,)2860 5472 w
10 R f
( many commands)2 729( Also,)1 276(by default all commands.)3 1046 3 3349 5472 t
(print menus of their options if given incorrect or incomplete parameters.)10 2887 1 1080 5592 t
( a)1 96( Typing)1 366( accepting commands.)2 944(The console requires the machine's password to be supplied before)9 2914 4 1080 5760 t
(control\255D will cause the server to request the password again.)9 2461 1 1080 5880 t
10 I f
(Arp)1080 6048 w
10 R f
(has two)1 308 1 1255 6048 t
10 I f
(subcommands:)1588 6048 w
10 CW f
(print)2212 6048 w
10 R f
(prints the contents of the ARP cache and)7 1628 1 2537 6048 t
10 CW f
(flush)4190 6048 w
10 R f
(flushes it.)1 389 1 4515 6048 t
10 I f
(Auth)1080 6216 w
10 R f
( reads authentication keys from)4 1301( It)1 123(starts authentication.)1 839 3 1306 6216 t
10 I f
(file)3607 6216 w
10 R f
(\(default)3773 6216 w
10 CW f
(/adm/keys)4121 6216 w
10 R f
(\). If)1 187 1 4661 6216 t
10 I f
(file)4886 6216 w
10 R f
(is of the)2 348 1 5052 6216 t
(form)1080 6336 w
10 CW f
(il!)1305 6336 w
10 I f
(IP.address)1493 6336 w
10 R f
(it is taken to be a)5 710 1 1954 6336 t
10 I f
(system)2695 6336 w
10 R f
( than reading its)3 656(from which to authenticate using IL, rather)6 1752 2 2992 6336 t
( string)1 261( the optional)2 514( If)1 123( address must be a numeric IP address and only IL is supported.)12 2633( The)1 212(own keys file.)2 577 6 1080 6456 t
10 CW f
(on)1080 6576 w
10 R f
(is provided,)1 477 1 1231 6576 t
10 I f
(auth)1738 6576 w
10 R f
(records in non\255volatile RAM the)4 1324 1 1946 6576 t
10 I f
(file)3300 6576 w
10 R f
(or)3458 6576 w
10 I f
(system)3571 6576 w
10 R f
( on,)1 155( Once)1 265(from which to authenticate.)3 1113 3 3867 6576 t
(authentication can never be turned off, even by rebooting.)8 2311 1 1080 6696 t
10 I f
(Cfs)1080 6864 w
10 R f
( file tree to which commands \()6 1304(changes the current file system, that is, the)7 1791 2 1252 6864 t
10 CW f
(check)4347 6864 w
10 R f
(,)4647 6864 w
10 CW f
(clri)4711 6864 w
10 R f
(,)4951 6864 w
10 CW f
(create)5015 6864 w
10 R f
(,)5375 6864 w
10 CW f
(netdb)1080 6984 w
10 R f
(,)1380 6984 w
10 CW f
(newuser)1430 6984 w
10 R f
(,)1850 6984 w
10 CW f
(profile)1900 6984 w
10 R f
(,)2320 6984 w
10 CW f
(remove)2370 6984 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 2730 6984 t
10 CW f
(users)2949 6984 w
10 R f
( initial)1 259( The)1 205(\) apply.)1 305 3 3249 6984 t
10 I f
(filesystem)4043 6984 w
10 R f
(is)4462 6984 w
10 CW f
(main)4554 6984 w
10 R f
(.)4794 6984 w
10 I f
(Check)1080 7152 w
10 R f
( no options it checks and reports the status.)8 1766( With)1 255(verifies the consistency of the current file system.)7 2020 3 1359 7152 t
( are:)1 174( Options)1 367(It suspends service while running.)4 1362 3 1080 7272 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 425)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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452 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( FS)1 4288(FS \( 8 \))3 252 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(rdall)1080 960 w
10 R f
(Read every block in the file system \(can take a)9 1865 1 1680 960 t
10 I f
(long)3570 960 w
10 R f
(time\).)3773 960 w
10 CW f
(tag)1080 1128 w
10 R f
(Fix bad)1 303 1 1680 1128 t
10 I f
(tags)2008 1128 w
10 R f
(; each block has a tag that acts as a backwards pointer for consistency checking.)14 3189 1 2183 1128 t
10 CW f
(pfile)1080 1296 w
10 R f
(Print every file name \(can take a)6 1296 1 1680 1296 t
10 I f
(long)3001 1296 w
10 R f
(time\).)3204 1296 w
10 CW f
(free)1080 1464 w
10 R f
(Rebuild the list of free blocks.)5 1210 1 1680 1464 t
10 CW f
(setqid)1080 1632 w
10 R f
(Resequence the qids in the file system, starting at one; all outstanding fids become invalid.)14 3625 1 1680 1632 t
10 CW f
(bad)1080 1800 w
10 R f
( the data from the bad block, and)7 1391(For each block with a bad tag, create a new block, copy)11 2329 2 1680 1800 t
(write the correct tag in the new block.)7 1513 1 1680 1920 t
10 CW f
(touch)1080 2088 w
10 R f
( indirect block not on the current WORM disk to be advanced to)12 2658(Cause every directory and)3 1062 2 1680 2088 t
(the current WORM on the next dump.)6 1523 1 1680 2208 t
10 I f
(Clri)1080 2376 w
10 R f
(clears the internal directory entry and abandons storage associated with)9 2882 1 1270 2376 t
10 I f
(files.)4181 2376 w
10 R f
(It ignores the usual rules)4 998 1 4402 2376 t
( subsequent)1 483( A)1 136( checking against removing a non\255empty directory.)6 2122(for sanity, such as)3 766 4 1080 2496 t
10 CW f
(check free)1 579 1 4626 2496 t
10 R f
(will)5244 2496 w
(place the abandoned storage in the free list.)7 1729 1 1080 2616 t
10 I f
(Cpu)1080 2784 w
10 R f
(prints the CPU utilization and state of the processes in the file server.)12 2766 1 1272 2784 t
10 I f
(Create)1080 2952 w
10 R f
(creates a file on the current file system.)7 1631 1 1386 2952 t
10 I f
(Uid)3076 2952 w
10 R f
(and)3261 2952 w
10 I f
(gid)3440 2952 w
10 R f
(are names or numbers from)4 1137 1 3603 2952 t
10 CW f
(/adm/users)4775 2952 w
10 R f
(.)5375 2952 w
10 I f
(Perm)1080 3072 w
10 R f
( optional final)2 577( An)1 180(is the low 9 bits of the permission mode of the file, in octal.)13 2489 3 1329 3072 t
10 CW f
(l)4607 3072 w
10 R f
(,)4667 3072 w
10 CW f
(a)4724 3072 w
10 R f
(, or)1 140 1 4784 3072 t
10 CW f
(d)4956 3072 w
10 R f
(creates a)1 352 1 5048 3072 t
(locked file, append\255only file, or directory.)5 1674 1 1080 3192 t
10 I f
(Cwcmd)1080 3360 w
10 R f
(controls the cached WORM file systems.)5 1642 1 1405 3360 t
10 CW f
(mvstate)1080 3528 w
10 I f
(state1 state2)1 503 1 1533 3528 t
10 R f
(States are)1 394 1 1440 3648 t
10 CW f
(none)1868 3648 w
10 R f
(,)2108 3648 w
10 CW f
(dump)2167 3648 w
10 R f
(,)2407 3648 w
10 CW f
(dump1)2466 3648 w
10 R f
(,)2766 3648 w
10 CW f
(read)2825 3648 w
10 R f
(, and)1 203 1 3065 3648 t
10 CW f
(write)3302 3648 w
10 R f
(. A)1 156 1 3602 3648 t
10 CW f
(mvstate dump1 write)2 1160 1 3793 3648 t
10 R f
(will cause)1 412 1 4988 3648 t
( A)1 127( in the next dump.)4 745(I/O errors in the last dump to be retried)8 1612 3 1440 3768 t
10 CW f
(mvstate read none)2 1030 1 3954 3768 t
10 R f
(will flush)1 386 1 5014 3768 t
( A)1 130( WORM.)1 380(the cache associated with the)4 1186 3 1440 3888 t
10 CW f
(mvstate dump write)2 1096 1 3169 3888 t
10 R f
(aborts the background pro\255)3 1102 1 4298 3888 t
( uses are)2 345( Other)1 278( leaves holes in the dump file system.)7 1506(cess dumping to WORM; as a consequence it)7 1831 4 1440 4008 t
(possible but arcane.)2 790 1 1440 4128 t
10 CW f
(prchain)1080 4296 w
10 R f
([)1525 4296 w
10 I f
(start)1558 4296 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1742 4296 t
10 CW f
(back)1833 4296 w
10 R f
(])2073 4296 w
( of superblocks for the directory containing the roots of the dumped file systems,)13 3359(Print the chain)2 601 2 1440 4416 t
(starting at block number)3 974 1 1440 4536 t
10 I f
(start)2439 4536 w
10 R f
(\(default 0\) going forward \(backwards if)5 1581 1 2648 4536 t
10 CW f
(back)4254 4536 w
10 R f
(is supplied\).)1 489 1 4519 4536 t
10 CW f
(savecache)1080 4704 w
10 R f
(Copy the block numbers, in native endian longwords, of all blocks in the)12 3029 1 1440 4824 t
10 CW f
(read)4504 4824 w
10 R f
(state to the file)3 621 1 4779 4824 t
10 CW f
(/adm/cache)1440 4944 w
10 R f
(for use by)2 399 1 2065 4944 t
10 CW f
(disk/exsort)2489 4944 w
10 R f
(.)3149 4944 w
10 CW f
(loadcache)1080 5112 w
10 R f
([)1645 5112 w
10 I f
(dskno)1678 5112 w
10 R f
(])1911 5112 w
(Read)1440 5232 w
10 CW f
(/adm/cache)1694 5232 w
10 R f
(and for every block there on WORM disk)7 1834 1 2343 5232 t
10 I f
(dskno)4226 5232 w
10 R f
( the block from)3 688(, read)1 245 2 4467 5232 t
( If)1 116(WORM to the cache.)3 848 2 1440 5352 t
10 I f
(dskno)2429 5352 w
10 R f
(is not supplied, all blocks in)5 1123 1 2687 5352 t
10 CW f
(/adm/cache)3835 5352 w
10 R f
(are read.)1 342 1 4460 5352 t
10 CW f
(wormcmp [)1 540 1 1080 5520 t
10 I f
(dskno)1620 5520 w
10 CW f
(])1853 5520 w
10 R f
(Read WORM disk)2 762 1 1440 5640 t
10 I f
(dskno)2236 5640 w
10 R f
( the cache, block by block.)5 1117(and compare it to the contents of)6 1363 2 2503 5640 t
10 I f
(Dskno)5043 5640 w
10 R f
(is)5333 5640 w
(zero by default.)2 623 1 1440 5760 t
10 CW f
(startdump)1080 5928 w
10 R f
([)1645 5928 w
10 CW f
(01)1678 5928 w
10 R f
(])1798 5928 w
(Suspend \()1 397 1 1440 6048 t
10 CW f
(0)1837 6048 w
10 R f
(\) or restart \()3 473 1 1897 6048 t
10 CW f
(1)2370 6048 w
10 R f
(\) the background dump process.)4 1278 1 2430 6048 t
10 I f
(Cycl)1080 6216 w
10 R f
( subcommands are)2 743( The)1 205(controls the Cyclone fiber link to the main CPU server.)9 2209 3 1288 6216 t
10 CW f
(reboot)1080 6432 w
10 R f
(Reinitialize the Cyclone board and connection.)5 1875 1 1800 6432 t
10 CW f
(verbose)1080 6600 w
10 R f
(Put the Cyclone driver in verbose debugging mode.)7 2059 1 1800 6600 t
10 CW f
(ping)1080 6768 w
10 R f
( used internally to resynchronize after an)6 1671(Bounce a packet off the remote Cyclone board;)7 1929 2 1800 6768 t
(error on the fiber.)3 703 1 1800 6888 t
10 I f
(Date)1080 7056 w
10 R f
( may be adjusted using)4 916( It)1 111(prints the current date.)3 898 3 1299 7056 t
10 CW f
(+\255)3249 7056 w
10 I f
(seconds.)3377 7056 w
10 R f
( the date to the abso\255)5 834(With no sign, it sets)4 798 2 3768 7056 t
(lute number of seconds since 00:00 Jan 1, 1970 GMT; with a sign it trims the current time.)17 3628 1 1080 7176 t
( 426)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( FS)1 4288(FS \( 8 \))3 252 3 720 480 t
10 I f
(Dump)1080 960 w
10 R f
( service)1 307( File)1 206(starts a dump to WORM immediately for all file systems that have a WORM associated.)14 3538 3 1349 960 t
(is suspended while the cache is scanned; service resumes when the copy to WORM starts.)14 3596 1 1080 1080 t
10 I f
(Flag)1080 1248 w
10 R f
(toggles flags, initially all off:)4 1164 1 1294 1248 t
10 CW f
(arp)1080 1464 w
10 R f
(Report ARP activity.)2 842 1 1680 1464 t
10 CW f
(attach)1080 1632 w
10 R f
(Report as connections are made to the file server.)8 1970 1 1680 1632 t
10 CW f
(chat)1080 1800 w
10 R f
( all 9P messages to and from the server.)8 1589( Print)1 245(\(Very noisy.\))1 532 3 1680 1800 t
10 CW f
(dkit)1080 1968 w
10 R f
(Report datakit activity.)2 919 1 1680 1968 t
(If given a second numeric)4 1036 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(channel,)2141 2136 w
10 R f
(as reported by)2 565 1 2507 2136 t
10 I f
(who,)3097 2136 w
10 R f
(the flag is altered only on that connection.)7 1681 1 3314 2136 t
10 I f
(Halt)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(does a)1 252 1 1283 2304 t
10 CW f
(sync)1560 2304 w
10 R f
(and halts the machine, returning to the boot ROM.)8 2015 1 1825 2304 t
10 I f
(Netdb)1080 2472 w
10 R f
(reads)1344 2472 w
10 CW f
(/lib/ndb/local)1579 2472 w
10 R f
(to establish network information.)3 1327 1 2444 2472 t
10 I f
(Newuser)1080 2640 w
10 R f
(requires a)1 411 1 1476 2640 t
10 I f
(name)1933 2640 w
10 R f
( no options it adds user)5 1035(argument. With)1 674 2 2195 2640 t
10 I f
(name,)3951 2640 w
10 R f
(with group leader)2 748 1 4239 2640 t
10 I f
(name,)5034 2640 w
10 R f
(to)5322 2640 w
10 CW f
(/adm/users)1080 2760 w
10 R f
(and makes the directory)3 956 1 1705 2760 t
10 CW f
(/usr/)2686 2760 w
10 I f
(name)2994 2760 w
10 R f
(owned by user and group)4 1009 1 3235 2760 t
10 I f
(name.)4269 2760 w
10 R f
(The options are)2 621 1 4535 2760 t
10 CW f
(?)1080 2976 w
10 R f
(Print the entry for)3 713 1 1740 2976 t
10 I f
(name.)2478 2976 w
10 CW f
(:)1080 3144 w
10 R f
(Add a group: add the name to)6 1241 1 1740 3144 t
10 CW f
(/adm/users)3015 3144 w
10 R f
( conven\255)1 356( By)1 176(but don't create the directory.)4 1219 3 3649 3144 t
(tion, groups are numbered starting from 10000, users from 0.)9 2441 1 1740 3264 t
10 I f
(newname)1080 3432 w
10 R f
(Rename existing user)2 860 1 1740 3432 t
10 I f
(name)2625 3432 w
10 R f
(to)2866 3432 w
10 I f
(newname.)2969 3432 w
10 CW f
(=)1080 3600 w
10 I f
(leader)1148 3600 w
10 R f
(Change the leader of)3 828 1 1740 3600 t
10 I f
(name)2593 3600 w
10 R f
(to)2834 3600 w
10 I f
(leader.)2937 3600 w
10 R f
(If)3242 3600 w
10 I f
(leader)3333 3600 w
10 R f
(is missing, remove the existing leader.)5 1535 1 3613 3600 t
10 CW f
(+)1080 3768 w
10 I f
(member)1148 3768 w
10 R f
(Add)1740 3768 w
10 I f
(member)1937 3768 w
10 R f
(to the member list of)4 833 1 2283 3768 t
10 I f
(name.)3141 3768 w
10 CW f
(\255)1080 3936 w
10 I f
(member)1148 3936 w
10 R f
(Remove existing)1 675 1 1740 3936 t
10 I f
(member)2440 3936 w
10 R f
(from the member list of)4 949 1 2786 3936 t
10 I f
(name.)3760 3936 w
10 R f
(After a successful)2 714 1 1080 4104 t
10 I f
(newuser)1819 4104 w
10 R f
( file server overwrites)3 875(command the)1 541 2 2177 4104 t
10 CW f
(/adm/users)3619 4104 w
10 R f
(to reflect the internal state of)5 1155 1 4245 4104 t
(the user table.)2 557 1 1080 4224 t
10 I f
(Passwd)1080 4392 w
10 R f
(sets the machine's password and writes it in non\255volatile RAM.)9 2542 1 1411 4392 t
10 I f
(Profile)1080 4560 w
10 CW f
(0)1391 4560 w
10 R f
(clears the profiling buffer and enables profiling;)6 1972 1 1485 4560 t
10 I f
(profile)3491 4560 w
10 CW f
(1)3792 4560 w
10 R f
(stops profiling and writes the data to)6 1514 1 3886 4560 t
10 CW f
(/adm/kprofdata)1080 4680 w
10 R f
(for use by)2 411 1 1951 4680 t
10 CW f
(kprof)2393 4680 w
10 R f
(\(see)2724 4680 w
10 I f
(prof)2915 4680 w
10 R f
( a number is not specified, the profiling state tog\255)9 2015(\(1\)\). If)1 295 2 3090 4680 t
(gles.)1080 4800 w
10 I f
(Remove)1080 4968 w
10 R f
(removes)1420 4968 w
10 I f
(files.)1783 4968 w
(Search)1080 5136 w
10 R f
(looks on the WORM for written \()6 1343 1 1382 5136 t
10 CW f
(w)2725 5136 w
10 R f
(; default\) or blank \()4 776 1 2785 5136 t
10 CW f
(b)3561 5136 w
10 R f
(\) blocks starting at block)4 992 1 3621 5136 t
10 I f
(blockno)4639 5136 w
10 R f
(\(default 0\))1 419 1 4981 5136 t
(through)1080 5256 w
10 I f
(nblock)1416 5256 w
10 R f
( numbers are as reported by)5 1105( Block)1 289(\(default 100\) following blocks.)3 1243 3 1707 5256 t
10 I f
(statw.)4369 5256 w
10 R f
(The)1080 5424 w
10 I f
(stat)1266 5424 w
10 R f
( connected with a service or device identified by the last character of the name:)14 3256(commands are)1 585 2 1442 5424 t
10 CW f
(c)5315 5424 w
10 R f
(,)5375 5424 w
(Cyclone fiber link;)2 801 1 1080 5544 t
10 CW f
(e)1929 5544 w
10 R f
(, Eagle Ethernet controller;)3 1150 1 1989 5544 t
10 CW f
(j)3187 5544 w
10 R f
( disk controller;)2 677(, Jaguar SCSI/VME)2 843 2 3247 5544 t
10 CW f
(k)4814 5544 w
10 R f
(, Datakit;)1 394 1 4874 5544 t
10 CW f
(l)5315 5544 w
10 R f
(,)5375 5544 w
(LANCE Ethernet controller;)2 1155 1 1080 5664 t
10 CW f
(w)2269 5664 w
10 R f
( The)1 214(, cached WORM.)2 716 2 2329 5664 t
10 I f
(Statp)3293 5664 w
10 R f
( statistics about processes; an)4 1211(command prints)1 656 2 3533 5664 t
(optional argument identifies the process to be displayed;)7 2277 1 1080 5784 t
10 I f
(stata)3385 5784 w
10 R f
(prints overall statistics about the file system.)6 1792 1 3608 5784 t
(The)1080 5904 w
10 I f
(stats)1271 5904 w
10 R f
(command takes an optional argument identifying the characters of)8 2733 1 1491 5904 t
10 I f
(stat)4260 5904 w
10 R f
( The)1 217( run.)1 195(commands to)1 547 3 4441 5904 t
(option is remembered and becomes the default for subsequent)8 2569 1 1080 6024 t
10 I f
(stats)3686 6024 w
10 R f
(commands if it begins with a minus)6 1494 1 3906 6024 t
(sign.)1080 6144 w
10 I f
(Sync)1080 6312 w
10 R f
(writes dirty blocks in memory to the magnetic disk cache.)9 2314 1 1293 6312 t
10 I f
(Time)1080 6480 w
10 R f
(reports the time required to execute the)6 1563 1 1305 6480 t
10 I f
(command.)2893 6480 w
(Trace)1080 6648 w
10 R f
( things are qui\255)3 605( If)1 117( the set of queue\255locks held by each process in the file server.)12 2464(with no options prints)3 876 4 1338 6648 t
( an argument)2 521( With)1 250(escent, there should be no output.)5 1340 3 1080 6768 t
10 I f
(number)3216 6768 w
10 R f
(it prints a stack traceback of that process.)7 1646 1 3546 6768 t
10 I f
(Users)1080 6936 w
10 R f
(uses the contents of)3 794 1 1341 6936 t
10 I f
(file)2163 6936 w
10 R f
(\(default)2319 6936 w
10 CW f
(/adm/users)2657 6936 w
10 R f
(\) to initializes the file server's internal representation)7 2143 1 3257 6936 t
( formatted entries in)3 831( Incorrectly)1 495(of the users structure.)3 883 3 1080 7056 t
10 I f
(file)3322 7056 w
10 R f
( file is explicitly)3 674( If)1 123(will be ignored.)2 644 3 3482 7056 t
10 CW f
(default)4955 7056 w
10 R f
(,)5375 7056 w
( the)1 147( If)1 116(the system builds a minimal functional users table internally; this can help recover from disasters.)14 3904 3 1080 7176 t
10 I f
(file)5272 7176 w
10 R f
(cannot be read, you)3 781 1 1080 7296 t
10 I f
(must)1886 7296 w
10 R f
(run)2100 7296 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 427)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( FS)1 4288(FS \( 8 \))3 252 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(users default)1 780 1 1440 960 t
10 R f
( The)1 205(for the system to function.)4 1052 2 1080 1128 t
10 CW f
(default)2362 1128 w
10 R f
(table looks like this:)3 809 1 2807 1128 t
10 CW f
(\2551:adm:adm:)1440 1296 w
(0:none:adm:)1440 1416 w
(1:rob:rob:)1440 1536 w
(10000:sys::)1440 1656 w
(10001:map:map:)1440 1776 w
(10002:doc::)1440 1896 w
(10003:upas:upas:)1440 2016 w
(10004:cda::)1440 2136 w
(10005:bootes:bootes:)1440 2256 w
10 I f
(Version)1080 2424 w
10 R f
(reports when the file server was last compiled and last rebooted.)10 2564 1 1416 2424 t
10 I f
(Who)1080 2592 w
10 R f
( server and the status of their connections.)7 1687(reports, one per line, the names of users connected to the file)11 2425 2 1288 2592 t
( If)1 117(The first number printed on each line is the channel number of the connection.)13 3146 2 1080 2712 t
10 I f
(users)4368 2712 w
10 R f
(are given the output)3 796 1 4604 2712 t
(selects connections owned by those users.)5 1675 1 1080 2832 t
10 I f
(Wormcp)1080 3000 w
10 R f
(copies from WORM disk)3 1019 1 1445 3000 t
10 I f
(funit)2491 3000 w
10 R f
(to WORM disk)2 621 1 2702 3000 t
10 I f
(tunit nblock)1 477 1 3350 3000 t
10 R f
(native blocks \(default the whole disk\).)5 1546 1 3854 3000 t
(If)1080 3120 w
10 I f
(tunit)1172 3120 w
10 R f
(is written,)1 401 1 1382 3120 t
10 I f
(wormcp)1809 3120 w
10 R f
(guarantees the written data is equal to the data on)9 1980 1 2157 3120 t
10 I f
(funit)4163 3120 w
10 R f
(and stops if not.)3 639 1 4373 3120 t
10 I f
(Wormcp)5062 3120 w
10 R f
( on)1 132(does a binary search to find the lowest unwritten block)9 2242 2 1080 3240 t
10 I f
(tunit)3486 3240 w
10 R f
( no argu\255)2 374( With)1 257(at which to start the copy.)5 1067 3 3702 3240 t
(ments,)1080 3360 w
10 I f
(wormcp)1369 3360 w
10 R f
(stops a running copy.)3 855 1 1716 3360 t
(When the file server boots, it prints the message)8 1922 1 1080 3528 t
10 CW f
(for config mode hit a key within 5 seconds)8 2520 1 1440 3696 t
10 R f
( See)1 199( the server will enter config mode.)6 1402(If a character are typed within 5 seconds of the message appearing,)11 2719 3 1080 3864 t
10 I f
(fsconfig)1080 3984 w
10 R f
( system also enters config mode if, at boot)8 1786( The)1 217( mode.)1 284(\(8\) for the commands available in config)6 1708 4 1405 3984 t
(time, the non\255volatile RAM does not appear to contain a valid configuration.)11 3066 1 1080 4104 t
10 I f
(Exsort)1080 4272 w
10 R f
( reads the named)3 688( It)1 116( server, not on the file server console.)7 1534(is a regular command to be run on a CPU)9 1692 4 1370 4272 t
10 I f
(file)1080 4392 w
10 R f
(\(default)1235 4392 w
10 CW f
(/adm/cache)1572 4392 w
10 R f
( assumes the num\255)3 744( It)1 112( sorts the cache disk block numbers contained therein.)8 2168(\) and)1 204 4 2172 4392 t
( the)1 150( then prints statistics about)4 1075( It)1 113(bers are 4\255byte integers and guesses the endianness by looking at the data.)12 2982 4 1080 4512 t
( option)1 281(cache. With)1 501 2 1080 4632 t
10 CW f
(\255w)1887 4632 w
10 R f
(it writes the sorted data back to)6 1248 1 2032 4632 t
10 I f
(file.)3305 4632 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4800 t
10 I f
(fs)1080 4920 w
10 R f
(\(4\))1155 4920 w
( 428)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( FSCONFIG)1 3916(FSCONFIG \( 8 \))3 624 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(fsconfig)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1432 1080 w
10 R f
(configuring a file server)3 961 1 1522 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(service)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(name)1525 1368 w
10 CW f
(config)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(device)1465 1536 w
10 CW f
(filsys)1080 1704 w
10 I f
(name device)1 495 1 1465 1704 t
10 CW f
(ream)1080 1872 w
10 I f
(name)1345 1872 w
10 CW f
(recover)1080 2040 w
10 I f
(name)1525 2040 w
10 CW f
(ip)1080 2208 w
10 I f
(ipaddr)1225 2208 w
10 CW f
(ipgw)1080 2376 w
10 I f
(ipaddr)1345 2376 w
10 CW f
(ipmask)1080 2544 w
10 I f
(ipaddr)1465 2544 w
10 CW f
(ipauth)1080 2712 w
10 I f
(ipaddr)1465 2712 w
10 CW f
(end)1080 2880 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 3048 t
10 R f
(When a file server's configuration has not been set, or by explicit request early in the server's initialization)17 4320 1 1080 3168 t
(\(see)1080 3288 w
10 I f
(fs)1270 3288 w
10 R f
( They)1 259( commands described here apply only in that mode.)8 2093( The)1 209( mode'.)1 309(\(8\)\), the server enters `config)4 1185 5 1345 3288 t
( run)1 162(establish configuration constants that are typically valid for the life of the server, and therefore need be)16 4158 2 1080 3408 t
( it will be necessary to recreate the configura\255)8 1830( the non\255volatile RAM on the server gets erased,)8 1954( If)1 118(only once.)1 418 4 1080 3528 t
(tion.)1080 3648 w
(In these commands,)2 804 1 1080 3816 t
10 I f
(ipaddr)1913 3816 w
10 R f
(is an IP address in the form)6 1117 1 2209 3816 t
10 CW f
(111.103.94.19)3355 3816 w
10 R f
(and)4164 3816 w
10 I f
(name)4337 3816 w
10 R f
( string with\255)2 499(is a text)2 319 2 4582 3816 t
( syntax of a)3 463( The)1 205(out white space.)2 646 3 1080 3936 t
10 I f
(device)2419 3936 w
10 R f
(is more complicated:)2 838 1 2698 3936 t
10 CW f
(w.)1080 4104 w
10 I f
(n1)1208 4104 w
10 CW f
(.)1316 4104 w
10 I f
(n2)1384 4104 w
10 CW f
(.)1492 4104 w
10 I f
(n3)1560 4104 w
10 R f
(A SCSI disk on target id)5 991 1 1440 4224 t
10 I f
(n2)2458 4224 w
10 R f
(, unit)1 208 1 2566 4224 t
10 I f
(n1)2801 4224 w
10 R f
(, and partition)2 562 1 2909 4224 t
10 I f
(n3)3498 4224 w
10 R f
( values)1 282(. The)1 232 2 3606 4224 t
10 I f
(n1)4147 4224 w
10 R f
(and)4274 4224 w
10 I f
(n3)4446 4224 w
10 R f
(\(and their associated)2 826 1 4574 4224 t
( one of the numbers may be replaced by)8 1596( Any)1 222( default to zero.)3 626(periods\) are optional; they)3 1054 4 1440 4344 t
10 CW f
(<)4963 4344 w
10 I f
(m)5031 4344 w
10 CW f
(\255)5111 4344 w
10 I f
(n)5179 4344 w
10 CW f
(>)5237 4344 w
10 R f
(to)5322 4344 w
(represent the values)2 792 1 1440 4464 t
10 I f
(m)2257 4464 w
10 R f
(through)2354 4464 w
10 I f
(n)2690 4464 w
10 R f
( example,)1 388(inclusive. For)1 575 2 2765 4464 t
10 CW f
(\(w<1\2554>\))3753 4464 w
10 R f
(is the concatenation of SCSI)4 1142 1 4258 4464 t
(targets 1 through 4.)3 777 1 1440 4584 t
10 CW f
(r.)1080 4752 w
10 I f
(n1)1208 4752 w
10 CW f
(.)1316 4752 w
10 I f
(n2)1384 4752 w
10 CW f
(.)1492 4752 w
10 I f
(n3)1560 4752 w
10 R f
(A SCSI WORM disk on unit)5 1154 1 1440 4872 t
10 I f
(n1)2619 4872 w
10 R f
(, target)1 277 1 2727 4872 t
10 I f
(n2)3029 4872 w
10 R f
(, and partition)2 558 1 3137 4872 t
10 I f
(n3)3720 4872 w
10 R f
( values are as in)4 637(. The)1 230 2 3828 4872 t
10 CW f
(w)4720 4872 w
10 R f
(.)4780 4872 w
10 CW f
(\()1080 5040 w
10 I f
(device...)1148 5040 w
10 CW f
(\))1485 5040 w
10 R f
( of the)2 283(A pseudo\255device formed from the concatenation)5 1996 2 1440 5160 t
10 I f
(devices)3758 5160 w
10 R f
( devices are)2 498( The)1 219(in the list.)2 426 3 4090 5160 t
10 I f
(not)5272 5160 w
10 R f
(blank\255 or comma\255separated.)2 1116 1 1440 5280 t
10 CW f
([)1080 5448 w
10 I f
(device...)1148 5448 w
10 CW f
(])1485 5448 w
10 R f
(A pseudo\255device formed from the block\255wise interleaving of the)8 2572 1 1440 5568 t
10 I f
(devices)4037 5568 w
10 R f
( size of the)3 438( The)1 206(in the list.)2 400 3 4356 5568 t
(result is the number of devices times the size of the smallest device.)12 2710 1 1440 5688 t
10 CW f
(p)1080 5856 w
10 I f
(device)1148 5856 w
10 CW f
(.)1410 5856 w
10 I f
(n1)1478 5856 w
10 CW f
(.)1586 5856 w
10 I f
(n2)1654 5856 w
10 R f
(A partition starting at)3 900 1 1440 5976 t
10 I f
(n1)2379 5976 w
10 R f
(% from the beginning of)4 1038 1 2487 5976 t
10 I f
(device)3564 5976 w
10 R f
(with a length)2 550 1 3857 5976 t
10 I f
(n2)4446 5976 w
10 R f
( size of the)3 480(% of the)2 366 2 4554 5976 t
(device. Parenthesize)1 839 1 1440 6096 t
10 I f
(device)2304 6096 w
10 R f
(if it contains periods.)3 844 1 2583 6096 t
10 CW f
(f)1080 6264 w
10 I f
(device)1148 6264 w
10 R f
(A pseudo\255WORM disk: blocks on)4 1414 1 1440 6264 t
10 I f
(device)2891 6264 w
10 R f
( only once and may not be read unless)8 1629(can be written)2 589 2 3182 6264 t
(written.)1440 6384 w
10 CW f
(c)1080 6552 w
10 I f
(device1device2)1148 6552 w
10 R f
( first)1 186( The)1 205(A cached WORM.)2 745 3 1440 6672 t
10 I f
(device)2601 6672 w
10 R f
(is the cache, the second the WORM.)6 1458 1 2880 6672 t
10 CW f
(o)1080 6840 w
10 R f
(\(Letter o\) The read\255only \(dump\) file system of the previously defined cached WORM file system.)14 3906 1 1440 6840 t
(The)1080 7008 w
10 CW f
(service)1260 7008 w
10 R f
(command sets the textual name of the server as known in the network databases.)13 3216 1 1705 7008 t
( written in non\255)3 655(The configuration information is stored in block zero on a device whose device string is)14 3665 2 1080 7176 t
( The)1 205(volatile RAM.)1 578 2 1080 7296 t
10 CW f
(config)1888 7296 w
10 R f
(command identifies the)2 938 1 2273 7296 t
10 I f
(device)3236 7296 w
10 R f
(on which the information is recorded.)5 1503 1 3515 7296 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 429)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( FSCONFIG)1 3916(FSCONFIG \( 8 \))3 624 3 720 480 t
(The)1080 960 w
10 I f
(filsys)1266 960 w
10 R f
( on)1 132(command configures a file system)4 1394 2 1503 960 t
10 I f
(device)3061 960 w
10 R f
(and calls it)2 447 1 3347 960 t
10 I f
(name. Name)1 506 1 3826 960 t
10 R f
(is used as the specifier in)5 1036 1 4364 960 t
10 CW f
(attach)1080 1080 w
10 R f
( file system)2 469( \(The)1 242(messages to connect to that file system.)6 1603 3 1469 1080 t
10 I f
(main)3812 1080 w
10 R f
(is the one attached to if the speci\255)7 1360 1 4040 1080 t
(fier is null; see)3 591 1 1080 1200 t
10 I f
(attach)1696 1200 w
10 R f
(\(5\)\).)1954 1200 w
(The)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(ream)1267 1368 w
10 R f
( overwrites any previous file system on the same)8 2011( It)1 118(command initializes the named file system.)5 1767 3 1504 1368 t
( If)1 124( creates an empty root directory on the device.)8 1912(device and)1 438 3 1080 1488 t
10 I f
(name)3587 1488 w
10 R f
(is)3836 1488 w
10 CW f
(main)3936 1488 w
10 R f
(, the file server, until the next)6 1224 1 4176 1488 t
(reboot, will accept)2 740 1 1080 1608 t
10 CW f
(wstat)1845 1608 w
10 R f
(messages \(see)1 562 1 2170 1608 t
10 I f
(stat)2757 1608 w
10 R f
( initial\255)1 293(\(5\)\) that change the owner and group of files, to enable)10 2197 2 2910 1608 t
(izing a fresh file system from a)6 1242 1 1080 1728 t
10 I f
(mkfs)2347 1728 w
10 R f
(\(8\) archive.)1 459 1 2538 1728 t
10 CW f
(recover)1080 1896 w
10 I f
(name)1533 1896 w
10 R f
(The named file system must be a cached WORM.)8 2052 1 1440 2016 t
10 I f
(Recover)3550 2016 w
10 R f
( associated magnetic cache)3 1104(clears the)1 387 2 3909 2016 t
(and initializes the file system, effectively resetting its contents to the last dump.)12 3181 1 1440 2136 t
( address \()2 384(The rest of the commands record IP addresses: the file server's)10 2510 2 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(ip)3982 2304 w
10 R f
(\), the local gateway's \()4 915 1 4068 2304 t
10 I f
(ipgw)4991 2304 w
10 R f
(\), the)1 206 1 5194 2304 t
(local authentication server's \()3 1201 1 1080 2424 t
10 I f
(ipauth)2289 2424 w
10 R f
(\), and the local subnet mask \()6 1209 1 2553 2424 t
10 I f
(ipmask)3770 2424 w
10 R f
(\).)4061 2424 w
10 I f
(Ipauth)4175 2424 w
10 R f
(should be)1 392 1 4467 2424 t
10 CW f
(0.0.0.0)4889 2424 w
10 R f
(if)5339 2424 w
(the system is doing its own authentication rather than calling an external authentication server.)13 3778 1 1080 2544 t
( command)1 420( The)1 206( what to do; they write no data to disk.)9 1547(The various configuration commands only record)5 1977 4 1080 2712 t
10 I f
(end)5256 2712 w
10 R f
( server will then perform whatever I/O is)7 1667( The)1 210( proper.)1 315(exits config mode and begins running the file server)8 2128 4 1080 2832 t
(required to establish the configuration.)4 1545 1 1080 2952 t
9 R f
( LE E)2 59( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 5 720 3120 t
10 R f
(Initialize a file server)3 850 1 1080 3240 t
10 CW f
(kgbsun)1955 3240 w
10 R f
(with a single file system interleaved between SCSI targets 3 and 4.)11 2669 1 2340 3240 t
10 CW f
(service kgbsun)1 840 1 1440 3408 t
(config w3)1 540 1 1440 3528 t
(filsys main [w<3\2554>])2 1200 1 1440 3648 t
(ream main)1 540 1 1440 3768 t
10 R f
(Initialize a file server)3 865 1 1080 3936 t
10 CW f
(kremvax)1975 3936 w
10 R f
( cached pseudo\255WORM file)3 1140(with a single disk on target 0 partitioned as a)9 1835 2 2425 3936 t
( interleave of the)3 685(system with the the cache on the third quarter of the drive and the pseudo\255WORM on the)16 3635 2 1080 4056 t
(first, second, and fourth quarters.)4 1322 1 1080 4176 t
10 CW f
(service kremvax)1 900 1 1440 4344 t
(config p\(w0\)50.1)1 960 1 1440 4464 t
(filsys main cp\(w0\)50.25f[p\(w0\)0.25p\(w0\)25.25p\(w0\)75.25])2 3300 1 1440 4584 t
(filsys dump o)2 780 1 1440 4704 t
(ream main)1 540 1 1440 4824 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4992 t
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 5112 t
10 R f
(home, 40meg, 80meg, 100meg, newkernel, personalize, update, Disclabel)7 3041 1 1080 5232 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4159 5232 w
10 R f
(administration for local file)3 1138 1 4262 5232 t
(systems)1080 5352 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 5520 t
10 CW f
(gnot/home)1080 5640 w
(gnot/personalize)1080 5760 w
(gnot/update)1080 5880 w
(magnum/home)1080 6048 w
(magnum/personalize)1080 6168 w
(magnum/update)1080 6288 w
(safari/40meg)1080 6456 w
(safari/80meg)1080 6576 w
(safari/personalize)1080 6696 w
(safari/update)1080 6816 w
(nextstation/100meg)1080 6984 w
(nextstation/personalize)1080 7104 w
10 R f
( 430)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( HOME)1 4106(HOME \( 8 \))3 434 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(nextstation/update)1080 960 w
(disk/newkernel)1080 1128 w
(cp Disclabel /dev/hd1label)2 1560 1 1080 1296 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1464 t
10 R f
(These programs help maintain a file system on a local disk for a private machine.)14 3247 1 1080 1584 t
10 I f
(Home)1080 1752 w
10 R f
( the disk, and makes a new file system on the disk.)11 2078(partitions a disk, copies the appropriate kernel to)7 1975 2 1347 1752 t
10 I f
(40meg)1080 1872 w
10 R f
(,)1354 1872 w
10 I f
(80meg)1404 1872 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 1678 1872 t
10 I f
(100meg)1897 1872 w
10 R f
(configure disks and make file systems for disks of the appropriate size.)11 2834 1 2238 1872 t
10 I f
(Update)1080 2040 w
10 R f
( only updates those)3 775( It)1 113(copies the current kernel to the disk and updates files on the local file system.)14 3112 3 1400 2040 t
(files put there by the)4 821 1 1080 2160 t
10 I f
(home)1926 2160 w
10 R f
(program.)2167 2160 w
10 I f
(Personalize)1080 2328 w
10 R f
(removes the contents of the)4 1114 1 1581 2328 t
10 CW f
(/usr)2724 2328 w
10 R f
( of files)2 315(directory on the local disk and copies a minimal set)9 2092 2 2993 2328 t
(for the user who runs the command.)6 1439 1 1080 2448 t
10 I f
(Newkernel)1080 2616 w
10 R f
( the running kernel was linked more than 10 minutes)9 2151( If)1 121(updates the kernel in the boot partition.)6 1592 3 1536 2616 t
(before the kernel on the file system was installed,)8 1993 1 1080 2736 t
10 I f
(newkernel)3100 2736 w
10 R f
(verifies with the user that the kernel should be)8 1863 1 3537 2736 t
(installed, and copies the kernel.)4 1259 1 1080 2856 t
10 I f
(Disclabel)1080 3024 w
10 R f
(is the bootstrap program copied into the partition)7 1957 1 1488 3024 t
10 CW f
(/dev/hd1label)3470 3024 w
10 R f
(on Nextstations.)1 650 1 4275 3024 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3192 t
10 CW f
(/lib/proto/portproto)1080 3312 w
10 I f
(Mkfs)1440 3432 w
10 R f
(prototype files for)2 721 1 1659 3432 t
10 I f
(magnum/home)2405 3432 w
10 R f
(,)3001 3432 w
10 I f
(magnum/update)3051 3432 w
10 R f
(,)3703 3432 w
10 I f
(gnot/home)3753 3432 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 4183 3432 t
10 I f
(gnot/update)4402 3432 w
10 R f
(.)4888 3432 w
10 CW f
(/lib/proto/386proto)1080 3600 w
10 R f
(prototype files for)2 721 1 1440 3720 t
10 I f
(Mkfs safari/40meg)1 747 1 2186 3720 t
10 R f
(,)2941 3720 w
10 I f
(safari/80meg)2991 3720 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 3527 3720 t
10 I f
(safari/update)3746 3720 w
10 R f
(.)4288 3720 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3888 t
10 I f
(kfs)1080 4008 w
10 R f
(\(4\),)1199 4008 w
10 I f
(mkfs)1365 4008 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1556 4008 w
10 I f
(prep)1722 4008 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1913 4008 w
10 I f
(hard)2079 4008 w
10 R f
(\(3\))2276 4008 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 431)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( INIT)1 4201(INIT \( 8 \))3 339 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(init)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1239 1080 w
10 R f
(initialize machine or connection)3 1284 1 1329 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(/$cputype/init)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1945 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255ctm)2003 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2268 1368 t
10 I f
(command ...)1 488 1 2384 1368 t
10 R f
(])2897 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Init)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( machine: it establishes the name space \(see)7 1833(initializes the)1 547 2 1255 1656 t
10 I f
(namespace)3672 1656 w
10 R f
(\(4\) and)1 297 1 4123 1656 t
10 I f
(newns)4457 1656 w
10 R f
(in)4744 1656 w
10 I f
(auth)4859 1656 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\), and)1 355 1 5045 1656 t
(environment \(see)1 701 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(env)1817 1776 w
10 R f
( shell \()2 292(\(3\)\) and starts a)3 656 2 1963 1776 t
10 I f
(rc)2919 1776 w
10 R f
( a)1 79( If)1 126(\(1\)\) on the console.)3 806 3 3010 1776 t
10 I f
(command)4056 1776 w
10 R f
(is supplied, that is run)4 921 1 4479 1776 t
( a CPU server the invoked shell runs)7 1511( On)1 179( shell.)1 246(instead of the)2 550 4 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(cpurc)3598 1896 w
10 R f
(\(8\) before accepting commands on the)5 1567 1 3833 1896 t
(console; on a terminal, it runs)5 1253 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(termrc)2371 2016 w
10 R f
( Options)1 379( user's profile.)2 603(and then the)2 514 3 2675 2016 t
10 CW f
(\255t)4208 2016 w
10 R f
(\(terminal\) and)1 580 1 4365 2016 t
10 CW f
(\255c)4982 2016 w
10 R f
(\(CPU\))5139 2016 w
( Otherwise)1 461( behavior to correspond to the specified service class.)8 2139(force the)1 351 3 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(init)4057 2136 w
10 R f
(uses the value of the environ\255)5 1183 1 4217 2136 t
(ment variable)1 546 1 1080 2256 t
10 CW f
($service)1651 2256 w
10 R f
(to decide the service class.)4 1061 1 2156 2256 t
10 I f
(Init)1080 2424 w
10 R f
(sets environment variables)2 1107 1 1265 2424 t
10 CW f
($service)2418 2424 w
10 R f
( value or according to)4 958(\(either to the incoming)3 976 2 2944 2424 t
10 CW f
(\255t)4925 2424 w
10 R f
(or)5092 2424 w
10 CW f
(\255c)5222 2424 w
10 R f
(\),)5342 2424 w
10 CW f
($objtype)1080 2544 w
10 R f
(\(to the value of)3 619 1 1589 2544 t
10 CW f
($cputype)2237 2544 w
10 R f
(\),)2717 2544 w
10 CW f
($user)2804 2544 w
10 R f
(\(to the contents of)3 733 1 3132 2544 t
10 CW f
(#c/user)3893 2544 w
10 R f
(\), and)1 230 1 4313 2544 t
10 CW f
($timezone)4571 2544 w
10 R f
(\(to the)1 261 1 5139 2544 t
(contents of)1 441 1 1080 2664 t
10 CW f
(/adm/timezone/local)1546 2664 w
10 R f
(\).)2686 2664 w
(With option)1 481 1 1080 2832 t
10 CW f
(\255m)1586 2832 w
10 I f
(init)1731 2832 w
10 R f
(starts only an interactive shell regardless of the)7 1877 1 1890 2832 t
10 I f
(command)3792 2832 w
10 R f
(or service class.)2 634 1 4205 2832 t
(On a CPU server,)3 704 1 1080 3000 t
10 I f
(init)1809 3000 w
10 R f
(requires the machine's password to be supplied before starting)8 2495 1 1968 3000 t
10 I f
(rc)4488 3000 w
10 R f
(on the console.)2 602 1 4596 3000 t
10 I f
(Init)1080 3168 w
10 R f
(is invoked by)2 539 1 1244 3168 t
10 I f
(boot)1808 3168 w
10 R f
(\(8\), which sets the arguments as appropriate.)6 1785 1 1994 3168 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3336 t
10 I f
(rc)1080 3456 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1171 3456 w
10 I f
(auth)1337 3456 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1523 3456 w
10 I f
(boot)1689 3456 w
10 R f
(\(8\))1875 3456 w
( 432)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( IPCONFIG)1 3939(IPCONFIG \( 8 \))3 601 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(ipconfig, arpd)1 560 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1665 1080 w
10 R f
(Internet configuration)1 873 1 1755 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(ip/ipconfig)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1765 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255ap)1798 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1978 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255e)2069 1368 w
10 I f
(etherdev)2214 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2565 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255m)2656 1368 w
10 I f
(ip\255mask)2801 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3125 1368 t
10 CW f
(ipaddr)3216 1368 w
10 R f
(])3576 1368 w
10 CW f
(ip/arpd)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1525 1536 w
10 CW f
(\255pd)1558 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1738 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255e)1829 1536 w
10 I f
(etherdev)1974 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2325 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255b)2416 1536 w
10 I f
(bcast\255addr)2561 1536 w
10 R f
(])3002 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Ipconfig)1080 1824 w
10 R f
( options are)2 466( The)1 205(configures an Internet connection on an Ethernet.)6 1970 3 1438 1824 t
10 CW f
(a)1080 1992 w
10 R f
(do not start)2 450 1 1440 1992 t
10 I f
(arpd)1915 1992 w
10 CW f
(p)1080 2160 w
10 R f
(start)1440 2160 w
10 I f
(arpd)1637 2160 w
10 R f
(in promiscuous mode \(see below\))4 1348 1 1851 2160 t
10 CW f
(e)1080 2328 w
10 R f
(use the Ethernet mounted at /net/)5 1318 1 1440 2328 t
10 I f
(etherdev)2766 2328 w
10 CW f
(m)1080 2496 w
10 R f
(set the network mask to)4 949 1 1440 2496 t
10 I f
(ip\255mask)2414 2496 w
10 R f
(If)1080 2664 w
10 I f
(ipaddr)1178 2664 w
10 R f
( instead of one found int the local database or via the)11 2198(is specified on the command line, use that)7 1725 2 1477 2664 t
(Bootp protocol.)1 628 1 1080 2784 t
10 I f
(Arpd)1080 2952 w
10 R f
( Ethernet)1 393(performs the Internet Address Resolution Protocol, translating Internet addresses into)9 3673 2 1334 2952 t
( is normally started by)4 894(addresses. It)1 518 2 1080 3072 t
10 I f
(ipconfig)2517 3072 w
10 R f
( options are)2 466(. The)1 230 2 2853 3072 t
10 CW f
(d)1080 3240 w
10 R f
(print debugging to standard output)4 1383 1 1440 3240 t
10 CW f
(p)1080 3408 w
10 R f
( default is to answer just for)6 1127( The)1 207( any recognized machine.)3 1025(\(promiscuous\) answer ARP requests for)4 1601 4 1440 3408 t
(the machine running)2 821 1 1440 3528 t
10 I f
(arpd.)2286 3528 w
10 CW f
(e)1080 3696 w
10 R f
(use the Ethernet mounted at /net/)5 1318 1 1440 3696 t
10 I f
(etherdev)2766 3696 w
10 CW f
(b)1080 3864 w
10 R f
(use the IP broadcast address)4 1125 1 1440 3864 t
10 I f
(bcast\255addr)2590 3864 w
10 R f
(instead of the correct one.)4 1033 1 3048 3864 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4032 t
10 I f
(ndb)1080 4152 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1238 4152 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 433)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( KFSCMD)1 3988(KFSCMD \( 8 \))3 552 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(kfscmd, ksync)1 577 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1682 1080 w
10 R f
(kfs administration)1 725 1 1772 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(disk/kfscmd)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1765 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255n)1798 1368 w
10 I f
(name)1943 1368 w
10 R f
(] cmd ...)2 330 1 2167 1368 t
10 CW f
(disk/ksync)1080 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Kfs)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(is a local user\255level file server for a Plan 9 terminal with a disk.)13 2560 1 1241 1824 t
10 I f
(Kfscmd)3853 1824 w
10 R f
(transmits commands to the)3 1081 1 4180 1824 t
10 I f
(kfs)5289 1824 w
10 R f
(server \(see)1 429 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(kfs)1535 1944 w
10 R f
(\(4\)\). The)1 380 1 1654 1944 t
10 CW f
(\255n)2060 1944 w
10 R f
(option changes the name of the kfs service to)8 1810 1 2206 1944 t
10 CW f
(kfs.)4042 1944 w
10 I f
(name)4290 1944 w
10 R f
(\(by default, full name)3 868 1 4532 1944 t
(is just)1 237 1 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(kfs)1342 2064 w
10 R f
(\).)1522 2064 w
10 I f
(Ksync)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(executes the)1 490 1 1349 2232 t
10 CW f
(sync)1864 2232 w
10 R f
(command for all active)3 923 1 2129 2232 t
10 I f
(kfs)3077 2232 w
10 R f
(servers.)3213 2232 w
( are multiple words and should be)6 1396( that some commands)3 887( Note)1 250(The known commands are described below.)5 1787 4 1080 2400 t
(quoted to appear as a single argument to)7 1611 1 1080 2520 t
10 I f
(rc)2716 2520 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)2807 2520 w
10 CW f
(allow)1080 2688 w
10 R f
(Turn permission checking off \(to simplify administration\).)6 2340 1 1670 2688 t
10 CW f
(disallow)1080 2856 w
10 R f
(Turn permission checking on.)3 1193 1 1670 2856 t
10 CW f
(halt)1080 3024 w
10 R f
(write all changed blocks and stop the file system.)8 1967 1 1670 3024 t
10 CW f
(help)1080 3192 w
10 R f
(print the list of commands.)4 1075 1 1670 3192 t
10 CW f
(rename)1080 3360 w
10 I f
(file name)1 369 1 1508 3360 t
10 R f
(Change the name of)3 801 1 1670 3480 t
10 I f
(file)2496 3480 w
10 R f
(to)2649 3480 w
10 I f
(name)2752 3480 w
10 R f
(.)2976 3480 w
10 CW f
(newuser)1080 3648 w
10 I f
(user)1568 3648 w
10 R f
(Add)1670 3768 w
10 I f
(user)1867 3768 w
10 R f
(to)2064 3768 w
10 CW f
(/adm/users)2167 3768 w
10 R f
(and make the standard directories needed for booting.)7 2145 1 2792 3768 t
10 CW f
(remove)1080 3936 w
10 I f
(file)1508 3936 w
10 R f
(Remove)1670 3936 w
10 I f
(file)2028 3936 w
10 R f
(and place its blocks on the free list.)7 1409 1 2181 3936 t
10 CW f
(clri)1080 4104 w
10 I f
(file)1388 4104 w
10 R f
(Remove)1670 4104 w
10 I f
(file)2044 4104 w
10 R f
( command can be used to)5 1097( This)1 245( the free list.)3 550(but do not place the blocks on)6 1295 4 2213 4104 t
( non\255duplicate blocks can be retrieved by)6 1766( The)1 225( duplicated blocks.)2 792(remove files that have)3 947 4 1670 4224 t
(checking the file system with option)5 1452 1 1670 4344 t
10 CW f
(f)3147 4344 w
10 R f
(\(see below\).)1 487 1 3232 4344 t
10 CW f
(create file owner group mode [adl])5 2040 1 1080 4512 t
10 R f
( and group are users in)5 936( Owner)1 326(Create the file.)2 600 3 1670 4632 t
10 CW f
(/adm/users)3563 4632 w
10 R f
(and mode is an octal number.)5 1206 1 4194 4632 t
(If present,)1 416 1 1670 4752 t
10 CW f
(a)2123 4752 w
10 R f
(creates an append only file,)4 1142 1 2220 4752 t
10 CW f
(d)3399 4752 w
10 R f
( directory, and)2 601(creates a)1 357 2 3496 4752 t
10 CW f
(l)4490 4752 w
10 R f
(creates a file that is)4 814 1 4586 4752 t
(exclusive\255use.)1670 4872 w
10 CW f
(sync)1080 5040 w
10 R f
(write to disk all of the dirty blocks in the memory cache.)11 2264 1 1670 5040 t
10 CW f
(check [PRdfprtw])1 960 1 1080 5208 t
10 R f
( options are)2 466( The)1 205(Check the file system.)3 888 3 1670 5328 t
10 CW f
(p)1670 5448 w
10 R f
(print the names of directories as they are checked.)8 1997 1 2030 5448 t
10 CW f
(P)1670 5568 w
10 R f
(print the names of all files as they are checked.)9 1873 1 2030 5568 t
10 CW f
(r)1670 5688 w
10 R f
(read all of the data blocks and check the tags.)9 1812 1 2030 5688 t
10 CW f
(f)1670 5808 w
10 R f
(rebuild the list of free blocks.)5 1176 1 2030 5808 t
10 CW f
(d)1670 5928 w
10 R f
(delete redundant references to a block.)5 1539 1 2030 5928 t
10 CW f
(t)1670 6048 w
10 R f
(fix bad tags.)2 491 1 2030 6048 t
10 CW f
(c)1670 6168 w
10 R f
(fix bad tags and clear the contents of the block.)9 1885 1 2030 6168 t
10 CW f
(w)1670 6288 w
10 R f
(write all of the blocks that are touched.)7 1558 1 2030 6288 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6456 t
10 I f
(kfs)1080 6576 w
10 R f
(\(4\),)1199 6576 w
10 I f
(mkfs)1365 6576 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1556 6576 w
10 I f
(prep)1722 6576 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1913 6576 w
10 I f
(hard)2079 6576 w
10 R f
(\(3\))2276 6576 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6744 t
10 R f
(Unreliable and unsafe.)2 900 1 1080 6864 t
( 434)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( LISTEN)1 4056(LISTEN \( 8 \))3 484 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( dkrexexec, dkwhoami, dksmtp, dkd\255)4 1508(listen, dkcpu, dkcpunote, dkdiscard, dkecho, dkexportfs, dkexportfs0,)6 2812 2 1080 1080 t
( il565, il17005, il17006,)3 971(con, dklogin, dkfsauth, dkrexauth, dkchal, dkchangekey, dkcheck, dkguard, il7, il9,)9 3349 2 1080 1200 t
( il17024, tcp7, tcp9, tcp21, tcp23, tcp25, tcp513,)7 2099(il17007, il17009, il17020, il17021, il17022, il17023,)5 2221 2 1080 1320 t
(tcp564, tcp565, tcp17007, tcp6000)3 1388 1 1080 1440 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2493 1440 w
10 R f
(listen for calls on a network device)6 1397 1 2583 1440 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1608 t
10 CW f
(aux/listen)1080 1728 w
10 R f
([)1705 1728 w
10 CW f
(\255q)1738 1728 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1858 1728 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1949 1728 w
10 I f
(srvdir)2094 1728 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2341 1728 t
10 CW f
(\255t)2432 1728 w
10 I f
(trustsrvdir)2577 1728 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3008 1728 t
10 I f
(net)3107 1728 w
10 R f
([)3254 1728 w
10 I f
(name)3295 1728 w
10 R f
(]])3519 1728 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1896 t
10 I f
(listen)1080 2016 w
10 R f
(announces itself to a network as)5 1313 1 1329 2016 t
10 I f
(name)2674 2016 w
10 R f
( of)1 116(\(by default the contents)3 961 2 2922 2016 t
10 CW f
(/env/sysname)4032 2016 w
10 R f
(\) and listens for)3 648 1 4752 2016 t
(inbound calls to local services.)4 1269 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(Net)2409 2136 w
10 R f
( network device on which to listen, by default)8 1900(is the)1 224 2 2583 2136 t
10 CW f
(/net/dk)4741 2136 w
10 R f
(. The)1 239 1 5161 2136 t
(services available are executable files in)5 1673 1 1080 2256 t
10 I f
(srvdir)2792 2256 w
10 R f
(or)3070 2256 w
10 I f
(trustsrvdir)3192 2256 w
10 R f
( neither)1 316(. If)1 155 2 3623 2256 t
10 I f
(srvdir)4133 2256 w
10 R f
(nor)4411 2256 w
10 I f
(trustsrvdir)4583 2256 w
10 R f
(is given,)1 354 1 5046 2256 t
10 I f
(listen)1080 2376 w
10 R f
(looks for executable files in)4 1129 1 1327 2376 t
10 CW f
(/bin/service)2486 2376 w
10 R f
( found in)2 371(. Services)1 418 2 3206 2376 t
10 I f
(srvdir)4024 2376 w
10 R f
(are executed as user)3 811 1 4292 2376 t
10 CW f
(none)5132 2376 w
10 R f
(;)5372 2376 w
( in)1 112(services found)1 587 2 1080 2496 t
10 I f
(trustsrvdir)1813 2496 w
10 R f
(as executed as the user who started)6 1450 1 2270 2496 t
10 I f
(listen.)3754 2496 w
10 R f
(Option)4030 2496 w
10 CW f
(\255q)4342 2496 w
10 R f
(suppresses affirmative)1 904 1 4496 2496 t
(log information.)1 650 1 1080 2616 t
( service or port.)3 659(Service names are made by concatenating the name of the network with the name of the)15 3661 2 1080 2784 t
(For example, an inbound call on the TCP network for port 565 executes service)13 3269 1 1080 2904 t
10 CW f
(tcp565)4381 2904 w
10 R f
(, while a call on)4 659 1 4741 2904 t
( are executed with the name)5 1146( Services)1 394( service whoami executes service dkwhoami.)5 1831(the Datakit network for)3 949 4 1080 3024 t
(of the service, the network name, and the stream directory of the incoming call as arguments.)15 3720 1 1080 3144 t
(The following services are available in)5 1549 1 1080 3312 t
10 CW f
(/bin/service)2654 3312 w
10 R f
(.)3374 3312 w
10 CW f
(dkcpu il17005)1 780 1 1080 3480 t
10 R f
(server for)1 384 1 2460 3480 t
10 I f
(cpu)2869 3480 w
10 R f
(\(1\) command.)1 560 1 3021 3480 t
10 CW f
( /proc/)1 720(dkcpunote il17006)1 1020 2 1080 3600 t
10 I f
(pid)2828 3600 w
10 CW f
(/notify)2964 3600 w
10 R f
(forwarding for)1 584 1 3409 3600 t
10 I f
(cpu)4018 3600 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)4170 3600 w
10 CW f
(dkexportfs il17007 tcp17007)2 1620 1 1080 3720 t
10 R f
( 9 file system protocol,)4 975(serve a piece of the name space using the Plan)9 1965 2 2460 3840 t
(with authentication \(typically used by)4 1510 1 2460 3960 t
10 I f
(cpu)3995 3960 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\).)4147 3960 w
10 CW f
(dkexportfs0 il17008 tcp564)2 1560 1 1080 4080 t
10 R f
( see Plan 9)3 460(like 17007, without authentication \(used by Unix systems to)8 2480 2 2460 4200 t
(files\).)2460 4320 w
10 CW f
(dkrexexec il17009)1 1020 1 1080 4440 t
10 R f
(remote execution.)1 715 1 2460 4440 t
10 CW f
(dkwhoami il565 tcp565)2 1260 1 1080 4560 t
10 R f
(report the address of the incoming call.)6 1561 1 2460 4560 t
10 CW f
(tcp21)1080 4680 w
10 R f
(FTP daemon)1 514 1 2460 4680 t
10 CW f
(tcp6000)1080 4800 w
10 R f
(X\255window callback)1 784 1 2460 4800 t
10 CW f
(dksmtp tcp25)1 720 1 1080 4920 t
10 R f
(mail delivery.)1 555 1 2460 4920 t
10 CW f
(dkdcon)1080 5040 w
10 R f
(research Unix terminal connection.)3 1402 1 2460 5040 t
10 CW f
(dklogin)1080 5160 w
10 R f
(generic terminal connection.)2 1139 1 2460 5160 t
10 CW f
(tcp23)1080 5280 w
10 R f
(telnet terminal connection.)2 1068 1 2460 5280 t
10 CW f
(tcp513)1080 5400 w
10 R f
(rlogin terminal connection.)2 1085 1 2460 5400 t
10 CW f
(dkecho il7 tcp7)2 900 1 1080 5520 t
10 R f
(echo any bytes received \(bit mirror\))5 1432 1 2460 5520 t
10 CW f
(dkdiscard il9 tcp9)2 1080 1 1080 5640 t
10 R f
(consume any bytes received \(bit bucket\))5 1610 1 2460 5640 t
(The following services are available in)5 1549 1 1080 5880 t
10 CW f
(/bin/service.auth)2654 5880 w
10 R f
(.)3674 5880 w
10 CW f
(dkfsauth il17020)1 960 1 1080 6000 t
10 R f
(file system authentication.)2 1052 1 2460 6000 t
10 CW f
(dkrexauth il17021)1 1020 1 1080 6120 t
10 R f
(remote execution authentication.)2 1306 1 2460 6120 t
10 CW f
(dkchangekey il17022)1 1140 1 1080 6240 t
10 R f
(change a user's password.)3 1041 1 2460 6240 t
10 CW f
(dkchal il17023)1 840 1 1080 6360 t
10 R f
(SecureNet CPU authentication.)2 1251 1 2460 6360 t
10 CW f
(dkcheck il17024)1 900 1 1080 6480 t
10 R f
(check a user's password.)3 991 1 2460 6480 t
10 CW f
(dkguard)1080 6600 w
10 R f
(check a SecureNet box.)3 941 1 2460 6600 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 6768 t
10 CW f
(/net/dk)1080 6888 w
10 R f
(by convention, Datakit device bind point)5 1632 1 1920 6888 t
10 CW f
(/net/il)1080 7008 w
10 R f
(by convention, IL device bind point)5 1432 1 1920 7008 t
10 CW f
(/net/tcp)1080 7128 w
10 R f
(by convention, TCP device bind point)5 1522 1 1920 7128 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 435)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( LISTEN)1 4056(LISTEN \( 8 \))3 484 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(/env/sysname)1080 960 w
10 R f
(default announced name)2 975 1 1920 960 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1128 t
10 I f
(dkconfig)1080 1248 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1432 1248 w
10 I f
(auth)1598 1248 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)1784 1248 w
10 I f
(dk)1950 1248 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)2052 1248 w
10 I f
(dial)2218 1248 w
10 R f
(\(2\))2382 1248 w
( 436)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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463 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( LOGIN)1 4090(LOGIN \( 8 \))3 450 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(login)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1311 1080 w
10 R f
(set user name)2 543 1 1401 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(login)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([ \255u)1 141 1 1405 1368 t
10 I f
(user)1571 1368 w
10 R f
(] [ cmd ])3 346 1 1768 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Login)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( environment.)1 565(establishes a new name space for a new user and runs a command in that)14 3030 2 1348 1656 t
10 I f
(Login)5003 1656 w
10 R f
(fist)5272 1656 w
( a Digital Pathways)3 822(asks for a user name and challenges the user with a string appropriate for use with)15 3498 2 1080 1776 t
( and)1 170( fresh name space is constructed for the user)8 1767( A)1 122(SecureNet encryption box.)2 1067 4 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(rc)4232 1896 w
10 R f
( If)1 117(is started.)1 384 2 4341 1896 t
10 I f
(cmd)4868 1896 w
10 R f
(is given,)1 340 1 5060 1896 t
(the arguments)1 563 1 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1668 2016 w
10 I f
(cmd)1813 2016 w
10 R f
(are passed to)2 515 1 2004 2016 t
10 I f
(rc)2544 2016 w
10 R f
(; otherwise, an interactive)3 1031 1 2635 2016 t
10 I f
(rc)3691 2016 w
10 R f
(is started.)1 383 1 3799 2016 t
(The option)1 436 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(\255u)1541 2184 w
10 R f
(starts the process as)3 790 1 1686 2184 t
10 I f
(user)2501 2184 w
10 R f
(and suppresses the user name prompt.)5 1514 1 2698 2184 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2352 t
10 I f
(rc)1080 2472 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1171 2472 w
10 I f
(auth)1337 2472 w
10 R f
(\(8\))1523 2472 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 437)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( LP)1 4283(LP \( 8 \))3 257 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(lp)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1183 1080 w
10 R f
(PostScript preprocessors)1 985 1 1273 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
(These files reside in)3 843 1 1080 1368 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/lp/process)1962 1368 w
10 R f
( pro\255)1 206(and provide an interface to PostScript conversion)6 2053 2 3141 1368 t
( can be found in)4 687(grams that)1 431 2 1080 1488 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/postscript/bin/$cputype)2234 1488 w
10 R f
( preprocessors may be)3 922(. These)1 324 2 4154 1488 t
(selected with the)2 679 1 1080 1608 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1788 1608 w
10 I f
(process)1916 1608 w
10 R f
(After each processor description, there is a list of)8 1991 1 2250 1608 t
10 I f
(lp)4270 1608 w
10 R f
( the pro\255)2 348(options to which)2 675 2 4377 1608 t
(cessor responds.)1 654 1 1080 1728 t
10 I f
(generic)1080 1896 w
10 R f
( uses)1 202( It)1 116(is the default preprocessor.)3 1090 3 1573 1896 t
10 I f
(file)3011 1896 w
10 R f
( the type of input and executes the cor\255)8 1600(\(1\) to determine)2 653 2 3147 1896 t
(rect preprocessor for a given \(input, printer\) pair.)7 1958 1 1573 2016 t
10 I f
(post)1080 2136 w
10 R f
( does not)2 399( This)1 247(passes PostScript through adding option patches for paper tray information.)9 3181 3 1573 2136 t
(always work with PostScript generated on other systems.)7 2281 1 1573 2256 t
10 I f
(noproc)1080 2376 w
10 R f
(passes files through untouched.)3 1254 1 1573 2376 t
10 I f
(ppost)1080 2496 w
10 R f
( [)1 83(converts a text file to PostScript.)5 1305 2 1573 2496 t
10 CW f
(DLcfilmnorxy)2961 2496 w
10 R f
(])3681 2496 w
10 I f
(dpost)1080 2616 w
10 R f
( [)1 83(converts a troff output file to PostScript.)6 1613 2 1573 2616 t
10 CW f
(DLcimnorxy)3269 2616 w
10 R f
(])3869 2616 w
10 I f
(dvipost)1080 2736 w
10 R f
( [)1 83(converts a TeX output file to PostScript.)6 1613 2 1573 2736 t
10 CW f
(Lcinor)3269 2736 w
10 R f
(])3629 2736 w
10 I f
(p9bitpost)1080 2856 w
10 R f
(converts a Plan 9 bitmap)4 988 1 1573 2856 t
(\(i.e.)1573 2976 w
10 CW f
(/dev/screen)1753 2976 w
10 R f
(,)2413 2976 w
10 CW f
(/dev/window)2463 2976 w
10 R f
(,)3123 2976 w
10 CW f
(/dev/windows/*/window)3173 2976 w
10 R f
( [)1 83(\) to PostScript.)2 598 2 4433 2976 t
10 CW f
(Lm)5114 2976 w
10 R f
(])5234 2976 w
10 I f
(tpost)1080 3096 w
10 R f
( [)1 83(converts Tektronix 4014 plot codes to PostScript.)6 1980 2 1573 3096 t
10 CW f
(Lcimnorxy)3636 3096 w
10 R f
(])4176 3096 w
10 I f
(hpost)1080 3216 w
10 R f
( to the beginning of a PostScript printer job so that it may be separated from)15 3069(adds a header page)3 758 2 1573 3216 t
( header has the image of the jobs owner from the directory of)12 2492( The)1 209(other jobs in the output bin.)5 1126 3 1573 3336 t
( reversal is also done in this processor.)7 1542(faces. Page)1 473 2 1573 3456 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3624 t
10 I f
(lp)1080 3744 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1166 3744 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3912 t
10 R f
(The)1080 4032 w
10 I f
(file)1264 4032 w
10 R f
( are PostScript conver\255)3 927( There)1 287( file types.)2 429(command is not always smart enough to deal with certain)9 2336 4 1421 4032 t
( in)1 116(sion programs)1 583 2 1080 4152 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/postscript/bin/$cputype)1817 4152 w
10 R f
(that do not have preprocessors to drive)6 1625 1 3775 4152 t
(them.)1080 4272 w
( 438)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( MK9660)1 4039(MK9660 \( 8 \))3 501 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(mk9660, pump)1 606 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1711 1080 w
10 R f
(create and write ISO\2559660 CD\255ROM images)5 1788 1 1801 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(disk/mk9660)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1765 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255c)1798 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1918 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255e)2009 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2129 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255a)2220 1368 w
10 I f
(absfile)2365 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2640 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255b)2731 1368 w
10 I f
(bibfile)2876 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3140 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255n)3231 1368 w
10 I f
(notfile)3376 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3640 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255o)3731 1368 w
10 I f
(ofile)3876 1368 w
10 R f
(])4062 1368 w
10 I f
(ifile)4120 1368 w
10 CW f
(disk/pump)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1645 1536 w
10 CW f
(\255t)1678 1536 w
10 I f
(target)1823 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2070 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255m)2161 1536 w
10 I f
(meg)2306 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2480 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255n)2571 1536 w
10 I f
(nproc)2716 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2957 1536 t
10 I f
(ifile)3056 1536 w
10 R f
(])3220 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Mk9660)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(reads the file system archive)4 1204 1 1449 1824 t
10 I f
(ifile)2696 1824 w
10 R f
(as prepared by)2 617 1 2895 1824 t
10 I f
(mkfs)3555 1824 w
10 R f
(\(8\) and produces a file system on)6 1433 1 3746 1824 t
10 I f
(ofile)5222 1824 w
10 R f
(\()1080 1944 w
10 CW f
(cd\255rom)1113 1944 w
10 R f
(by default\) in ISO\2559660 format.)4 1273 1 1498 1944 t
(The options to)2 578 1 1080 2112 t
10 I f
(mk9660)1683 2112 w
10 R f
(are:)2024 2112 w
10 CW f
(c)1080 2280 w
10 R f
( this is)2 272( \(Roughly)1 432(Convert all file names in the file system so that they conform to 9660 standards.)14 3256 3 1440 2280 t
( fewer single case alphanumerics followed by an optional period and three or fewer single)14 3647(eight or)1 313 2 1440 2400 t
( from lower case letters in the input)7 1480( names that conform are converted)5 1422( File)1 214(case alphanumerics.\))1 844 4 1440 2520 t
( to)1 121( that do not conform are renamed)6 1444( Files)1 264(filesystem to upper case in the output file system.)8 2131 4 1440 2640 t
10 CW f
(F)1440 2760 w
10 I f
(number)1508 2760 w
10 R f
(and directories are renamed)3 1119 1 1843 2760 t
10 CW f
(D)2992 2760 w
10 I f
(number.)3060 2760 w
10 R f
(A file named)2 531 1 3445 2760 t
10 CW f
(_CONFORM.MAP)4006 2760 w
10 R f
(is created in the)3 644 1 4756 2760 t
(root of the output file system with old\255name new\255name pairs of all converted files.)13 3295 1 1440 2880 t
10 CW f
(e)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(Add a)1 246 1 1440 3048 t
10 I f
(system\255use)1716 3048 w
10 R f
( the name, uid, gid and mode of the)8 1463(field to every directory record that contains)6 1759 2 2178 3048 t
( standard and should be)4 947( or without this extension, directory records conform to the 9660)10 2603(file. With)1 410 3 1440 3168 t
(able to be read on other systems.)6 1306 1 1440 3288 t
10 CW f
(a)1080 3456 w
10 R f
( file must be in)4 636( The)1 214(Places the named file to the abstract field of the primary volume descriptor.)12 3110 3 1440 3456 t
(the root directory.)2 718 1 1440 3576 t
10 CW f
(b)1080 3744 w
10 R f
( file must be)3 503( The)1 207( descriptor.)1 451(Places the named file in the bibliographic field of the primary volume)11 2799 4 1440 3744 t
(in the root directory.)3 821 1 1440 3864 t
10 CW f
(n)1080 4032 w
10 R f
( file must be in)4 616( The)1 209(Places the named file in the copyright field of the primary volume descriptor.)12 3135 3 1440 4032 t
(the root directory.)2 718 1 1440 4152 t
( volume identifier)2 736( The)1 215( file system are set to the date the command was executed.)11 2444(All dates in the output)4 925 4 1080 4320 t
(field of the primary volume descriptor is set to the last component of)12 2843 1 1080 4440 t
10 I f
(ifile)3956 4440 w
10 R f
( system identifier field of)4 1042(. The)1 238 2 4120 4440 t
(the primary volume descriptor is set to)6 1579 1 1080 4560 t
10 CW f
(PLAN 9)1 367 1 2691 4560 t
10 R f
(, and should be keyed to the interpretation of the system\255)10 2342 1 3058 4560 t
(use fields of the directory records.)5 1363 1 1080 4680 t
10 I f
(Pump)1080 4848 w
10 R f
(reads)1345 4848 w
10 I f
(ifile)1587 4848 w
10 R f
(\()1775 4848 w
10 CW f
(cd\255rom)1808 4848 w
10 R f
( Com\255)1 261(by default\) and issues the SCSI commands to write a Phillips CDD 521)12 2939 2 2200 4848 t
( can be a 9660 file system as produced by)9 1711( file is uninterpreted, but it)5 1096( The)1 211(pact Disk Recorder.)2 807 4 1080 4968 t
10 I f
(mk9660)4935 4968 w
10 R f
(\(8\).)5259 4968 w
( this rate on an Ethernet from a)7 1295( get)1 154( To)1 168(The CD writer requires a sustained data rate of 305,600 bytes/sec.)10 2703 4 1080 5088 t
(file server,)1 439 1 1080 5208 t
10 I f
(pump)1557 5208 w
10 R f
( so, the file system)4 795( Even)1 268(creates several processes that read ahead into shared buffers.)8 2520 3 1817 5208 t
( options to)2 423( The)1 205(should have fast disks or multiple disks with interleaved overlapping seeks.)10 3017 3 1080 5328 t
10 I f
(pump)4750 5328 w
10 R f
(are:)4997 5328 w
10 CW f
(t)1080 5496 w
10 R f
(specifies the SCSI target \(default 1\) for the CD writer.)9 2168 1 1440 5496 t
10 CW f
(m)1080 5664 w
10 R f
(specifies the total buffer space \(default 10\) in megabytes.)8 2286 1 1440 5664 t
10 CW f
(n)1080 5832 w
10 R f
(specifies the number \(default 3\) of read\255ahead processes.)7 2270 1 1440 5832 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6000 t
10 R f
(The)1080 6120 w
10 I f
(pump)1260 6120 w
10 R f
( the)1 148( Use)1 206( up the SCSI bus.)4 702(command does not correctly set)4 1270 4 1507 6120 t
10 I f
(scuzz)3859 6120 w
10 R f
(\(8\) command to)2 640 1 4078 6120 t
10 I f
(open)4744 6120 w
10 R f
(the desired)1 436 1 4964 6120 t
(SCSI target.)1 489 1 1080 6240 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6408 t
10 I f
(scsi)1080 6528 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1238 6528 w
10 I f
(mkfs)1404 6528 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1595 6528 w
10 I f
(scuzz)1761 6528 w
10 R f
(\(8\).)1980 6528 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 439)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( MKFS)1 4127(MKFS \( 8 \))3 413 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(mkfs, mkext, flio)2 689 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1794 1080 w
10 R f
(archive or update a file system)5 1222 1 1884 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(disk/mkfs)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1645 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255aprv)1678 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1978 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255n)2069 1368 w
10 I f
(name)2214 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2438 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255s)2529 1368 w
10 I f
(source)2674 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2948 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255u)3039 1368 w
10 I f
(users)3184 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3403 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255z)3494 1368 w
10 I f
(n)3639 1368 w
10 R f
(])3697 1368 w
10 I f
(proto ...)1 317 1 3755 1368 t
10 CW f
(disk/mkext)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1705 1536 w
10 CW f
(\255d)1738 1536 w
10 I f
(name)1883 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2107 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255u)2198 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2318 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255h)2409 1536 w
10 R f
(])2529 1536 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2587 1536 t
10 CW f
(disk/flio)1080 1704 w
10 R f
([)1645 1704 w
10 CW f
(\255io)1678 1704 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1858 1704 t
10 CW f
(\255b)1949 1704 w
10 I f
(bsize)2094 1704 w
10 R f
(])2302 1704 w
10 I f
(diskfile ...)1 389 1 2360 1704 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 I f
(Mkfs)1080 1992 w
10 R f
( tree)1 180(copies files from the file)4 996 2 1304 1992 t
10 I f
(source)2511 1992 w
10 R f
(\(default)2808 1992 w
10 CW f
(/)3149 1992 w
10 R f
(\) to a)2 217 1 3209 1992 t
10 CW f
(kfs)3457 1992 w
10 R f
(file system \(see)2 633 1 3668 1992 t
10 I f
(kfs)4332 1992 w
10 R f
( kfs service is)3 564(\(4\)\). The)1 385 2 4451 1992 t
(mounted on)1 486 1 1080 2112 t
10 CW f
(/n/kfs)1602 2112 w
10 R f
(, and)1 205 1 1962 2112 t
10 CW f
(/adm/users)2203 2112 w
10 R f
(is copied to)2 481 1 2838 2112 t
10 CW f
(/n/kfs/adm/users)3354 2112 w
10 R f
(. The)1 240 1 4314 2112 t
10 I f
(proto)4589 2112 w
10 R f
(files are read,)2 559 1 4841 2112 t
(and any files specified in them that are out of date are copied to)13 2536 1 1080 2232 t
10 CW f
(/n/kfs)3641 2232 w
10 R f
(.)4001 2232 w
(Each line of the)3 638 1 1080 2400 t
10 I f
(proto)1746 2400 w
10 R f
( is significant, with each level of indentation)7 1804( Indentation)1 509(file specifies a file to copy.)5 1096 3 1991 2400 t
( first field is)3 492( The)1 207( line are separated by white space.)6 1377( within a)2 356( Fields)1 298(corresponding to a level in the file tree.)7 1590 6 1080 2520 t
( third field)2 426( The)1 207( second field specifies the permissions.)5 1569( The)1 207(the last path element in the destination file tree.)8 1911 5 1080 2640 t
( field is the name of the file)7 1143( fifth)1 204( The)1 212(is the owner of the file, and the fourth is the group owning the file.)14 2761 4 1080 2760 t
( fields except)2 538( All)1 181( read from the current name space, not the source file tree.)11 2356(from which to copy; this file is)6 1245 4 1080 2880 t
(the first are optional.)3 832 1 1080 3000 t
(Names beginning with a)3 977 1 1080 3168 t
10 CW f
($)2083 3168 w
10 R f
( is)1 94( the first file specified in a directory)7 1440( If)1 117(are expanded as environment variables.)4 1580 4 2169 3168 t
10 CW f
(*)1080 3288 w
10 R f
( the first file is)4 603( If)1 121(, all of the files in that directory are copied.)9 1772 3 1140 3288 t
10 CW f
(+)3666 3288 w
10 R f
( copied, and all subdi\255)4 901(, all of the files are)5 773 2 3726 3288 t
(rectories are recursively copied.)3 1273 1 1080 3408 t
10 I f
(Mkfs)1080 3576 w
10 R f
( a file is first copied into a temporary file in the)11 2032( Such)1 263(copies only those files that are out of date.)8 1793 3 1312 3576 t
( in the)2 254( Files)1 248(appropriate destination directory and then moved to the destination file.)9 2890 3 1080 3696 t
10 I f
(kfs)4499 3696 w
10 R f
(file system that are)3 763 1 4637 3696 t
(not specified in the)3 763 1 1080 3816 t
10 I f
(proto)1868 3816 w
10 R f
(file are not updated and not removed.)6 1494 1 2110 3816 t
(The options to)2 578 1 1080 3984 t
10 I f
(mkfs)1683 3984 w
10 R f
(are:)1891 3984 w
10 CW f
(a)1080 4152 w
10 R f
( a)1 71(Instead of writing to)3 816 2 1440 4152 t
10 CW f
(kfs)2354 4152 w
10 R f
(file system, write an archive file to standard output, suitable for)10 2555 1 2561 4152 t
10 I f
(mkext.)5143 4152 w
10 R f
(All files in)2 428 1 1440 4272 t
10 I f
(proto,)1893 4272 w
10 R f
(not just those out of date, are archived.)7 1550 1 2160 4272 t
10 CW f
(n)1080 4440 w
10 I f
(name)1208 4440 w
10 R f
(Use kfs.)1 327 1 1440 4560 t
10 I f
(name)1775 4560 w
10 R f
(as the name of the kfs service \(default)7 1515 1 2016 4560 t
10 CW f
(kfs)3556 4560 w
10 R f
(\).)3736 4560 w
10 CW f
(p)1080 4728 w
10 R f
(Update the permissions of a file even if it is up to date.)12 2189 1 1440 4728 t
10 CW f
(r)1080 4896 w
10 R f
(Copy all files.)2 564 1 1440 4896 t
10 CW f
(s)1080 5064 w
10 I f
(source)1208 5064 w
10 R f
(Copy from files rooted at the tree)6 1331 1 1440 5184 t
10 I f
(source)2796 5184 w
10 R f
(.)3070 5184 w
10 CW f
(u)1080 5352 w
10 I f
(users)1208 5352 w
10 R f
(Copy file)1 375 1 1440 5472 t
10 I f
(users)1840 5472 w
10 R f
(into)2076 5472 w
10 CW f
(/adm/users)2257 5472 w
10 R f
(.)2857 5472 w
10 CW f
(v)1080 5640 w
10 R f
(Print the names of all of the files as they are copied.)11 2074 1 1440 5640 t
10 CW f
(z)1080 5808 w
10 I f
(n)1208 5808 w
10 R f
(Copy files assuming kfs block)4 1235 1 1440 5808 t
10 I f
(n)2706 5808 w
10 R f
( block contains only 0 bytes, it is)7 1366( a)1 75( If)1 122(\(default 1024\) bytes long.)3 1050 4 2787 5808 t
(not copied.)1 444 1 1440 5928 t
10 I f
(Mkext)1080 6096 w
10 R f
(unpacks archive files made by the)5 1365 1 1350 6096 t
10 CW f
(\255a)2742 6096 w
10 R f
(option of)1 367 1 2890 6096 t
10 I f
(mkfs.)3285 6096 w
10 R f
(The)3521 6096 w
10 CW f
(\255d)3704 6096 w
10 R f
(option specifies a directory to serve as)6 1548 1 3852 6096 t
( The)1 208(the root of the unpacked file system.)6 1474 2 1080 6216 t
10 CW f
(\255u)2790 6216 w
10 R f
( a new)2 264(option, to be used only when initializing)6 1632 2 2938 6216 t
10 I f
(fs)4861 6216 w
10 R f
(\(4\) file sys\255)2 464 1 4936 6216 t
( is only permitted at the)5 957( \(This)1 263( files created to correspond to those in the archive.)9 2030(tem, sets the owners of the)5 1070 4 1080 6336 t
( the command line is unpacked in one pass through)9 2081( file on)2 293( Each)1 254(initial load of the files into a file system.\))8 1692 4 1080 6456 t
( When)1 292( a directory, all files and subdirectories of that directory are also unpacked.)12 3035( the file is)3 406( If)1 119(the archive.)1 468 5 1080 6576 t
( no files are specified, the entire archive is)8 1695( If)1 117( unpacked, the entire path is created if it does not exist.)11 2210(a file is)2 298 4 1080 6696 t
( The)1 213( this case, missing intermediate directories are not created.)8 2398(unpacked; in)1 520 3 1080 6816 t
10 CW f
(\255h)4244 6816 w
10 R f
(option prints headers for)3 1003 1 4397 6816 t
(the files on standard output instead of unpacking the files.)9 2314 1 1080 6936 t
10 I f
(Flio)1080 7104 w
10 R f
( the)1 152( With)1 255( to be treated as a single volume.)7 1344(allows multiple floppy disks)3 1149 4 1276 7104 t
10 CW f
(\255i)4206 7104 w
10 R f
(option)4356 7104 w
10 I f
(flio)4642 7104 w
10 R f
(reads consecu\255)1 594 1 4806 7104 t
( the device file,)3 633(tive floppies from)2 730 2 1080 7224 t
10 I f
(diskfile)2474 7224 w
10 R f
( the)1 153( With)1 256(, and writes the contents to standard output.)7 1782 3 2771 7224 t
10 CW f
(\255o)4993 7224 w
10 R f
(option)5144 7224 w
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( MKFS)1 4127(MKFS \( 8 \))3 413 3 720 480 t
10 I f
(flio)1080 960 w
10 R f
( input and writes to)4 776(reads from standard)2 792 2 1239 960 t
10 I f
(diskfile)2833 960 w
10 R f
( user is prompted whenever a new disk needs to be)10 2039(. The)1 231 2 3130 960 t
(inserted. The)1 555 1 1080 1080 t
10 CW f
(\255b)1669 1080 w
10 R f
( floppy.)1 319(option specifies a blocking factor to be used on the)9 2114 2 1823 1080 t
10 I f
(Bsize)4314 1080 w
10 R f
(is a number of bytes)4 842 1 4558 1080 t
(\(default 1024\) or, with a trailing)5 1287 1 1080 1200 t
10 CW f
(k)2392 1200 w
10 R f
(, a multiple of 1024 bytes.)5 1047 1 2452 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 1368 t
10 R f
(Make an archive to establish a new file system:)8 1891 1 1080 1488 t
10 CW f
(disk/mkfs \255a \255u files/adm.users \255s dist proto > arch)8 3120 1 1440 1656 t
10 R f
(Unpack that archive onto a new file system:)7 1755 1 1080 1824 t
10 CW f
(srv il!newfs)1 720 1 1440 1992 t
(mount \255c /srv/il!newfs /n/newfs)3 1860 1 1440 2112 t
(disk/mkext \255u \255d /n/newfs < arch)5 1920 1 1440 2232 t
10 R f
(Unpack an archive from a set of floppy disks:)8 1824 1 1080 2400 t
10 CW f
(srv il!newfs)1 720 1 1440 2568 t
(mount \255c /srv/il!newfs /n/newfs)3 1860 1 1440 2688 t
(disk/flio \255b 32k \255i /dev/fd0disk | disk/mkext \255u \255d /n/newfs)9 3600 1 1440 2808 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2976 t
10 CW f
(/lib/proto/portproto)1080 3096 w
10 R f
(generic prototype file.)2 884 1 1440 3216 t
10 CW f
(/lib/proto/cdaproto)1080 3384 w
10 R f
(prototype file for cda programs and libraries.)6 1793 1 1440 3504 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3672 t
10 I f
(prep)1080 3792 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1271 3792 w
10 I f
(kfscmd)1437 3792 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1722 3792 w
10 I f
(hard)1888 3792 w
10 R f
(\(3\))2085 3792 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 441)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( MOUSE)1 4050(MOUSE \( 8 \))3 490 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(aux/mouse)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1538 1080 w
10 R f
(configure a mouse to a port)5 1095 1 1628 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(aux/mouse)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(port)1645 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 CW f
(Mouse)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( then configures the port and the mouse to be)9 1809(queries a mouse on a serial or PS2 port for its type and)12 2186 2 1405 1656 t
(used to control the cursor.)4 1040 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(Port)1080 1944 w
10 R f
(can be either a port number \(e.g.)6 1296 1 1283 1944 t
10 CW f
(0)2604 1944 w
10 R f
(or)2689 1944 w
10 CW f
(1)2797 1944 w
10 R f
(\) or the string)3 541 1 2857 1944 t
10 CW f
(ps2)3423 1944 w
10 R f
(.)3603 1944 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2112 t
10 I f
(cons)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1271 2232 w
( 442)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( NDB)1 4189(NDB \( 8 \))3 351 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(query, mkhash, mkdb, cs, csquery, dns, dnsquery)6 1964 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3069 1080 w
10 R f
(network database)1 695 1 3159 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(ndb/query)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(attr value)1 386 1 1645 1368 t
10 R f
([)2056 1368 w
10 I f
(rattr)2097 1368 w
10 R f
(])2289 1368 w
10 CW f
(ndb/mkhash)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(file attr)1 298 1 1705 1488 t
10 CW f
(ndb/cs)1080 1608 w
(ndb/csquery)1080 1728 w
(ndb/dns)1080 1848 w
10 R f
([)1525 1848 w
10 CW f
(\255s)1583 1848 w
10 R f
(])1728 1848 w
10 CW f
(ndb/dnsquery)1080 1968 w
(ndb/mkdb)1080 2088 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2256 t
10 R f
( programs such as)3 796(The network database holds administrative information used by network)8 3096 2 1080 2376 t
10 I f
(bootp)5023 2376 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)5259 2376 w
10 I f
(ipconfig)1080 2496 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1416 2496 w
10 I f
(con)1582 2496 w
10 R f
(\(1\), etc.)1 307 1 1734 2496 t
10 I f
(Ndb/query)1080 2664 w
10 R f
( attribute of type)3 687(searches the database for an)4 1140 2 1534 2664 t
10 I f
(attr)3394 2664 w
10 R f
(and value)1 393 1 3572 2664 t
10 I f
(value)3998 2664 w
10 R f
(. If)1 149 1 4222 2664 t
10 I f
(rattr)4404 2664 w
10 R f
(is not specified, all)3 779 1 4621 2664 t
( If)1 116(entries matched by the search are returned.)6 1714 2 1080 2784 t
10 I f
(rattr)2935 2784 w
10 R f
(is specified, the value of the first pair with attribute)9 2047 1 3144 2784 t
10 I f
(rattr)5216 2784 w
10 R f
(of all the matched entries is returned.)6 1483 1 1080 2904 t
10 I f
(Ndb/mkhash)1080 3072 w
10 R f
( hash file for all entries with attribute)7 1491(creates a)1 345 2 1605 3072 t
10 I f
(attr)3467 3072 w
10 R f
(in database file)2 606 1 3638 3072 t
10 I f
(file)4270 3072 w
10 R f
( hash files are used)4 763(. The)1 231 2 4406 3072 t
(by)1080 3192 w
10 I f
(ndb/query)1205 3192 w
10 R f
(and by the ndb library routines.)5 1254 1 1635 3192 t
10 I f
(Ndb/cs)1080 3360 w
10 R f
(is a server used by)4 761 1 1389 3360 t
10 I f
(dial)2181 3360 w
10 R f
( out what)2 386( finds)1 231( It)1 117( is started at boot time.)5 941( It)1 117(\(2\) to translate network names.)4 1263 6 2345 3360 t
(networks are configured by looking for)5 1576 1 1080 3480 t
10 CW f
(/net/*/clone)2683 3480 w
10 R f
( be told about networks)4 942( can also)2 353( It)1 113(when it starts.)2 562 4 3430 3480 t
(by writing to)2 517 1 1080 3600 t
10 CW f
(/net/cs)1622 3600 w
10 R f
(a message of the form:)4 909 1 2067 3600 t
10 CW f
(add net1 net2 ...)3 1020 1 1440 3768 t
10 R f
(.)2460 3768 w
10 I f
(Ndb/cs)1080 3936 w
10 R f
( the system name in)4 826(also sets)1 343 2 1390 3936 t
10 CW f
(/dev/sysname)2592 3936 w
10 R f
(if it can figure it out.)5 867 1 3345 3936 t
10 I f
(Ndb/csquery)4270 3936 w
10 R f
(can be used to)3 592 1 4808 3936 t
(query)1080 4056 w
10 I f
(ndb/cs)1348 4056 w
10 R f
(to see how it resolves addresses.)5 1372 1 1650 4056 t
10 I f
(Ndb/csquery)3088 4056 w
10 R f
(prompts for addresses and prints out what)6 1766 1 3634 4056 t
10 I f
(ndb/cs)1080 4176 w
10 R f
(returns.)1366 4176 w
10 I f
(Ndb/dns)1080 4344 w
10 R f
(is a server used by)4 757 1 1444 4344 t
10 I f
(ndb/cs)2231 4344 w
10 R f
( systems to translate Internet domain names.)6 1809(and by remote)2 581 2 2522 4344 t
10 I f
(Ndb/dns)4968 4344 w
10 R f
(is)5333 4344 w
( default)1 316( By)1 181(started at boot time.)3 836 3 1080 4464 t
10 I f
(dns)2451 4464 w
10 R f
(serves only requests written to)4 1267 1 2628 4464 t
10 CW f
(/net/dns)3933 4464 w
10 R f
(. Option)1 366 1 4413 4464 t
10 S1 f
(\261)4817 4464 w
10 CW f
(s)4882 4464 w
10 R f
(causes the)1 420 1 4980 4464 t
( resolution is performed by searching the)6 1648( Name)1 290( requests sent to UDP port 53.)6 1214(server to also answer domain)4 1168 4 1080 4584 t
( a database entry)3 694( server for a domain is indicated by)7 1481( The)1 215(local database and by querying remote servers.)6 1930 4 1080 4704 t
(containing both a)2 694 1 1080 4824 t
10 I f
(dom)1799 4824 w
10 R f
(and a)1 213 1 1996 4824 t
10 I f
(ns)2234 4824 w
10 R f
( example, the entry for the Internet root is:)8 1694(attribute. For)1 547 2 2348 4824 t
10 CW f
(dom=)1080 5064 w
(ns=ns.nic.ddn.mil)1440 5184 w
(ns=kava.nisc.sri.com)1440 5304 w
(ns=aos.brl.mil)1440 5424 w
10 R f
( with an)2 324(The root of a domain subtree served by the local database is indicated by an entry)15 3257 2 1080 5664 t
10 I f
(soa)4687 5664 w
10 R f
(attribute. For)1 548 1 4852 5664 t
(example, the AT&T research domain is:)5 1608 1 1080 5784 t
10 CW f
(dom=research.att.com soa)1 1440 1 1080 6024 t
(mb=ches.research.att.com)1440 6144 w
(ns=inet.research.att.com)1440 6264 w
(ns=research.research.att.com)1440 6384 w
10 R f
(Here, the)1 374 1 1080 6624 t
10 I f
(mb)1488 6624 w
10 R f
( mail address of the person responsible for the domain \(default)10 2601(entry is the)2 462 2 1644 6624 t
10 CW f
(postmaster)4742 6624 w
10 R f
(\).)5342 6624 w
( example, to specify a mail forwarder for all AT&T)9 2227( For)1 208(Wildcarded domain names can also be used.)6 1885 3 1080 6744 t
(research systems:)1 701 1 1080 6864 t
10 CW f
(dom=*.research.att.com)1080 7104 w
(mx=research.att.com)1440 7224 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 443)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( NDB)1 4189(NDB \( 8 \))3 351 3 720 480 t
10 I f
(Ndb/dnsquery)1080 960 w
10 R f
(can be used to query)4 872 1 1679 960 t
10 I f
(ndb/dns)2590 960 w
10 R f
(to see how it resolves requests.)5 1307 1 2946 960 t
10 I f
(Ndb/dnsquery)4317 960 w
10 R f
(prompts for)1 483 1 4917 960 t
(commands of the form)3 907 1 1080 1080 t
10 I f
(domain\255name request\255type)1 1067 1 1440 1248 t
10 R f
(where)1080 1416 w
10 I f
(request\255type)1348 1416 w
10 R f
(can be)1 257 1 1866 1416 t
10 I f
(ip, mx, ns, cname, ...)4 818 1 2148 1416 t
(Ndb/mkdb)1080 1584 w
10 R f
(is used in concert with)4 927 1 1523 1584 t
10 I f
(awk)2482 1584 w
10 R f
( IP hosts files, and Datakit)5 1095(\(1\) scripts to convert uucp systems files,)6 1654 2 2651 1584 t
( is very specific to the situation at Murray Hill.)9 1876( It)1 111(configuration files into database files.)4 1506 3 1080 1704 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 1872 t
10 CW f
(% ndb/query sys helix)3 1260 1 1080 1992 t
(sys=helix dom=helix.research.att.com bootf=/mips/9powerboot)2 3540 1 1080 2112 t
(ip=135.104.117.31 ether=080069020427)1 2160 1 1440 2232 t
(dk=nj/astro/helix)1440 2352 w
(proto=il)1440 2472 w
(% ndb/query sys helix ip)4 1440 1 1080 2592 t
(135.104.117.31)1080 2712 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2880 t
10 CW f
(/lib/ndb/local)1080 3000 w
10 R f
(first database file searched)3 1060 1 2340 3000 t
10 CW f
(/lib/ndb/global)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(second database file searched)3 1176 1 2340 3120 t
10 CW f
(/lib/ndb/local.*)1080 3240 w
10 R f
(hash files for)2 521 1 2340 3240 t
10 CW f
(/lib/ndb/local)2886 3240 w
(/lib/ndb/global.*)1080 3360 w
10 R f
(hash files for)2 521 1 2340 3360 t
10 CW f
(/lib/ndb/global)2886 3360 w
(/srv/cs)1080 3480 w
10 R f
(service file for)2 581 1 2340 3480 t
10 I f
(ndb/cs)2946 3480 w
10 CW f
(/net/cs)1080 3600 w
10 R f
(where)2340 3600 w
10 CW f
(/srv/cs)2608 3600 w
10 R f
(gets mounted)1 536 1 3053 3600 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3768 t
10 I f
(ndb)1080 3888 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1238 3888 w
10 I f
(ndb)1379 3888 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1537 3888 w
( 444)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( NEWUSER)1 3917(NEWUSER \( 8 \))3 623 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(newuser)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1437 1080 w
10 R f
(adding a new user)3 723 1 1527 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(rc /sys/lib/newuser)1 1140 1 1080 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
( new user on Plan 9, add the user's name to)10 1803(To establish a)2 567 2 1080 1656 t
10 CW f
(/adm/users)3482 1656 w
10 R f
(by running the)2 597 1 4114 1656 t
10 CW f
(newuser)4743 1656 w
10 R f
(com\255)5195 1656 w
(mand on the console of the file server \(see)8 1762 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(users)2876 1776 w
10 R f
(\(6\) and)1 294 1 3095 1776 t
10 I f
(fs)3423 1776 w
10 R f
( give the user a password using the)7 1451(\(8\)\). Next,)1 451 2 3498 1776 t
10 CW f
(adduser)1080 1896 w
10 R f
(command on the console of the authentication server \(see)8 2351 1 1532 1896 t
10 I f
(auth)3915 1896 w
10 R f
( this point, the user can)5 967(\(8\)\). At)1 332 2 4101 1896 t
( terminal will only get as far as running)8 1640( The)1 214(bootstrap a terminal using the new name and password.)8 2288 3 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(rc)5255 2016 w
10 R f
(,)5375 2016 w
(however, as no)2 601 1 1080 2136 t
10 CW f
(profile)1706 2136 w
10 R f
(exists for the user.)3 732 1 2151 2136 t
(The)1080 2304 w
10 I f
(rc)1262 2304 w
10 R f
(\(1\) script)1 365 1 1353 2304 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/newuser)1745 2304 w
10 R f
( the)1 150( Once)1 263( sensible environment for a new user of Plan 9.)9 1907(sets up a)2 348 4 2732 2304 t
(terminal is running)2 761 1 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(rc)1866 2424 w
10 R f
(, type)1 222 1 1986 2424 t
10 CW f
(rc /sys/lib/newuser)1 1140 1 1440 2592 t
10 R f
( necessary directories in)3 1117(to build the)2 558 2 1080 2760 t
10 CW f
(/usr/$user)2832 2760 w
10 R f
(and create a reasonable initial profile in)6 1891 1 3509 2760 t
10 CW f
(/usr/$user/lib/profile)1080 2880 w
10 R f
( brings up)2 412( script then runs the profile which, as its last step,)10 2046(. The)1 237 3 2400 2880 t
10 I f
(8\275)5126 2880 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)5259 2880 w
( may be)2 336( It)1 121( is no need to reboot.\))5 921( \(There)1 325( is established and running.)4 1131(At this point the user's environment)5 1486 6 1080 3000 t
(prudent at this point to run)5 1089 1 1080 3120 t
10 I f
(passwd)2199 3120 w
10 R f
( password, depending on how the initial password was)8 2210(\(1\) to change the)3 688 2 2502 3120 t
(chosen.)1080 3240 w
(The)1080 3408 w
10 CW f
(profile)1260 3408 w
10 R f
(built by)1 309 1 1705 3408 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/newuser)2039 3408 w
10 R f
(looks like this:)2 590 1 3024 3408 t
10 CW f
(bind \255a $home/bin/rc /bin)3 1500 1 1440 3576 t
(bind \255a $home/bin/$cputype /bin)3 1860 1 1440 3696 t
(font = /lib/font/bit/pelm/euro.9.font)2 2220 1 1440 3816 t
(switch\($service\){)1440 3936 w
(case terminal)1 780 1 1440 4056 t
( '\))1 480(prompt=\('term% ' ')2 1080 2 1800 4176 t
(fn term%{ $* })3 840 1 1800 4296 t
(exec 8\275)1 420 1 1800 4416 t
(case cpu)1 480 1 1440 4536 t
(bind \255b /mnt/term/mnt/8\275 /dev)3 1740 1 1800 4656 t
(prompt=\('cpu% ' ' '\))3 1200 1 1800 4776 t
(echo \255n $sysname > /dev/label)4 1740 1 1800 4896 t
(fn cpu%{ $* })3 780 1 1800 5016 t
(news)1800 5136 w
(case con)1 480 1 1440 5256 t
(prompt=\('cpu% ' ' '\))3 1200 1 1800 5376 t
(news)1800 5496 w
(})1440 5616 w
10 R f
(Sites may make changes to)4 1082 1 1080 5784 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/newuser)2187 5784 w
10 R f
(that reflect the properties of the local environment.)7 2029 1 3172 5784 t
(Use the)1 302 1 1080 5952 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1407 5952 w
10 R f
(option of)1 364 1 1552 5952 t
10 I f
(mail)1941 5952 w
10 R f
(\(1\) to create a mailbox.)4 928 1 2127 5952 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6120 t
10 I f
(passwd)1080 6240 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1383 6240 w
10 I f
(8\275)1549 6240 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1682 6240 w
10 I f
(namespace)1848 6240 w
10 R f
(\(4\),)2299 6240 w
10 I f
(users)2465 6240 w
10 R f
(\(6\),)2684 6240 w
10 I f
(auth)2850 6240 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)3036 6240 w
10 I f
(fs)3202 6240 w
10 R f
(\(8\))3277 6240 w
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( PREP)1 4160(PREP \( 8 \))3 380 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(disk/prep)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1477 1080 w
10 R f
(make disk partition table)3 991 1 1567 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(disk/prep)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1645 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255r)1703 1368 w
10 R f
(])1848 1368 w
10 I f
(special)1906 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
( is stored on a disk to specify the division of the physical disk into a set of logical units.)19 3651(A partition table)2 669 2 1080 1656 t
( first two parti\255)3 605( The)1 206( name, starting sector, and ending sector.)6 1639(On Plan 9 the partition table is a list of triples:)10 1870 4 1080 1776 t
(tions must have the names)4 1059 1 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(disk)2165 1896 w
10 R f
(and)2431 1896 w
10 CW f
(partition)2601 1896 w
10 R f
(; the)1 176 1 3141 1896 t
10 CW f
(disk)3343 1896 w
10 R f
( the starting and ending sec\255)5 1133(partition records)1 658 2 3609 1896 t
( and the)2 322(tors for the whole disk,)4 940 2 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(partition)2370 2016 w
10 R f
(partition, typically the last sector on the disk, holds the parti\255)10 2462 1 2938 2016 t
(tion table itself.)2 625 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(Special)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(is the maximal prefix of names of the logical units on the disk, for example)14 3089 1 1404 2304 t
10 CW f
(#w/hd0)4524 2304 w
10 R f
(.)4884 2304 w
10 I f
(Prep)4965 2304 w
10 R f
(reads)5190 2304 w
( then enters a simple interactive mode to control editing the)10 2505(and prints the associated partition table and)6 1815 2 1080 2424 t
(table.)1080 2544 w
(The single option)2 700 1 1080 2712 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1805 2712 w
10 R f
(\(readonly\) prohibits writing the table on disk.)6 1818 1 1950 2712 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2880 t
10 I f
(floppy)1080 3000 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)1338 3000 w
10 I f
(hard)1504 3000 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1701 3000 w
( 446)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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473 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( QER)1 4200(QER \( 8 \))3 340 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(qer)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1232 1080 w
10 R f
(queue a request and associated data)5 1415 1 1322 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(qer)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(root tag reply args)3 753 1 1285 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Qer)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( contains one line with the)5 1092( control file)2 480( The)1 212(creates a control and a data file in a queue directory.)10 2155 4 1267 1656 t
10 I f
(tag)5239 1656 w
10 R f
(,)5375 1656 w
10 I f
(reply)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(, and)1 209 1 1293 1776 t
10 I f
(args)1542 1776 w
10 R f
( data file contains the standard input to)7 1656(. The)1 245 2 1728 1776 t
10 I f
(qer.)3669 1776 w
10 R f
( the directory)2 560(The files are created in)4 973 2 3867 1776 t
10 I f
(root)1080 1896 w
10 R f
(/)1255 1896 w
10 I f
(user)1291 1896 w
10 R f
(, where)1 295 1 1471 1896 t
10 I f
(user)1793 1896 w
10 R f
(is the contents of)3 686 1 1992 1896 t
10 CW f
(/dev/user)2705 1896 w
10 R f
(.)3245 1896 w
10 I f
(Mktemp)3322 1896 w
10 R f
( the actual names of the)5 960(\(2\) is used to create)4 789 2 3651 1896 t
(control and data file.)3 826 1 1080 2016 t
(The)1080 2184 w
10 I f
(tag)1263 2184 w
10 R f
(is used by)2 406 1 1419 2184 t
10 I f
(runq)1853 2184 w
10 R f
(\(8\) to identify the type of request.)6 1363 1 2050 2184 t
10 I f
(Reply)3466 2184 w
10 R f
( sent error notifica\255)3 779(is a mail address to be)5 900 2 3721 2184 t
(tions when processing the request.)4 1373 1 1080 2304 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2472 t
10 I f
(root)1080 2592 w
10 CW f
(/)1247 2592 w
10 I f
(user)1307 2592 w
10 R f
(queue directory for)2 764 1 2139 2592 t
10 I f
(user)2928 2592 w
(root)1080 2712 w
10 CW f
(/)1247 2712 w
10 I f
(user)1307 2712 w
10 CW f
(/D.XXXXXX)1479 2712 w
10 R f
(data file)1 324 1 2139 2712 t
10 I f
(root)1080 2832 w
10 CW f
(/)1247 2832 w
10 I f
(user)1307 2832 w
10 CW f
(/C.XXXXXX)1479 2832 w
10 R f
(control file)1 441 1 2139 2832 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3000 t
10 I f
(runq)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(\(8\))1277 3120 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 447)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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474 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( RUNQ)1 4117(RUNQ \( 8 \))3 423 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(runq)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1288 1080 w
10 R f
(process all requests in a queue)5 1211 1 1378 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(runq)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1403 1368 w
10 CW f
(ad)1468 1368 w
10 R f
(])1613 1368 w
10 I f
(root cmd)1 358 1 1671 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 R f
(Without the)1 477 1 1080 1656 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1584 1656 w
10 CW f
(a)1649 1656 w
10 R f
(option,)1736 1656 w
10 I f
(runq)2044 1656 w
10 R f
( requests in the directory)4 999(processes all)1 509 2 2260 1656 t
10 I f
(root)3796 1656 w
10 R f
(/)3971 1656 w
10 I f
(user)4007 1656 w
10 R f
(, where)1 296 1 4187 1656 t
10 I f
(user)4511 1656 w
10 R f
(is the contents of)3 689 1 4711 1656 t
10 CW f
(/dev/user)1080 1776 w
10 R f
( file \(see)2 359( request is defined as a control and a data)9 1724(. A)1 156 3 1620 1776 t
10 I f
(qer)3892 1776 w
10 R f
( request is processed by)4 980(\(8\)\). The)1 387 2 4033 1776 t
(executing the command)2 964 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(cmd)2074 1896 w
10 R f
( the control file as its arguments, the contents of the data)11 2324(with the contents of)3 806 2 2270 1896 t
(file as its standard input, and standard error appended to the error file)12 2763 1 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(E.XXXXXX)3868 2016 w
10 R f
(.)4348 2016 w
(The action taken by)3 790 1 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(runq)1895 2184 w
10 R f
(depends on the return status of)5 1228 1 2110 2184 t
10 I f
(cmd)3364 2184 w
10 R f
(. If)1 142 1 3538 2184 t
10 I f
(cmd)3706 2184 w
10 R f
(returns a null status, the processing is)6 1502 1 3898 2184 t
( If)1 124(assumed successful and the control, data, and error files are removed.)10 2863 2 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(cmd)4100 2304 w
10 R f
(returns an error status con\255)4 1101 1 4299 2304 t
(taining the word)2 669 1 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(Retry)1781 2424 w
10 R f
( any other status, an error)5 1054( For)1 197( reprocessed at a later time.)5 1131(, the files are left to be)6 937 4 2081 2424 t
(message is mailed to the requester and the files are removed.)10 2425 1 1080 2544 t
(To avoid reprocessing files too often, the following algorithm is used: a data file younger than one hour will)18 4320 1 1080 2712 t
( data file)2 359( A)1 128(not be processed if its error file exists and was last modified within the preceding 10 minutes.)16 3833 3 1080 2832 t
( be processed if its error file exists and was last modified within the preceding)14 3187(older than one hour will not)5 1133 2 1080 2952 t
(hour.)1080 3072 w
(The)1080 3240 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1260 3240 w
10 CW f
(a)1325 3240 w
10 R f
(option forces)1 524 1 1410 3240 t
10 I f
(runq)1959 3240 w
10 R f
(to process all the requests under the root, not just a single user's.)12 2580 1 2173 3240 t
(The)1080 3408 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1260 3408 w
10 CW f
(d)1325 3408 w
10 R f
(option causes debugging output on standard error describing the progress through the queues.)12 3736 1 1410 3408 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3576 t
10 I f
(root)1080 3696 w
10 CW f
(/)1247 3696 w
10 I f
(user)1307 3696 w
10 R f
(queue directory for)2 764 1 2139 3696 t
10 I f
(user)2928 3696 w
(root)1080 3816 w
10 CW f
(/)1247 3816 w
10 I f
(user)1307 3816 w
10 CW f
(/D.XXXXXX)1479 3816 w
10 R f
(data file)1 324 1 2139 3816 t
10 I f
(root)1080 3936 w
10 CW f
(/)1247 3936 w
10 I f
(user)1307 3936 w
10 CW f
(/C.XXXXXX)1479 3936 w
10 R f
(control file)1 441 1 2139 3936 t
10 I f
(root)1080 4056 w
10 CW f
(/)1247 4056 w
10 I f
(user)1307 4056 w
10 CW f
(/E.XXXXXX)1479 4056 w
10 R f
(error file)1 351 1 2139 4056 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4224 t
10 I f
(qer)1080 4344 w
10 R f
(\(8\))1221 4344 w
( 448)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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475 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( SCUZZ)1 4083(SCUZZ \( 8 \))3 457 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(scuzz)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1326 1080 w
10 R f
(SCSI target control)2 772 1 1416 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(scuzz)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255q)1463 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1608 1368 t
10 I f
(target\255id)1724 1368 w
10 R f
(])2099 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Scuzz)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( reads commands from standard input)5 1551( It)1 119(is an interactive program for exercising raw SCSI devices.)8 2395 3 1335 1656 t
( If)1 131(and applies them to a SCSI target.)6 1453 2 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(target\255id)2703 1776 w
10 R f
(is given on the command line, an)6 1408 1 3092 1776 t
10 CW f
(open)4539 1776 w
10 R f
(\(see below\) is)2 582 1 4818 1776 t
( successful completion of a command,)5 1541( On)1 174(immediately applied to the target.)4 1354 3 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(ok)4176 1896 w
10 I f
(n)4331 1896 w
10 R f
(is printed, where)2 672 1 4408 1896 t
10 I f
(n)5107 1896 w
10 R f
(is the)1 216 1 5184 1896 t
(number of bytes transferred to/from the target; the)7 2004 1 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(\255q)3109 2016 w
10 R f
(command line option suppresses the)4 1449 1 3254 2016 t
10 CW f
(ok)4728 2016 w
10 R f
(message.)4873 2016 w
( s)1 2( nd ds)2 93( an)1 52( mm ma)2 126( om)1 80(C Co)1 119 6 870 2184 t
10 CW f
(help)1080 2304 w
10 I f
(command)1353 2304 w
10 CW f
(Help)1440 2424 w
10 R f
(is rudimentary and prints a one line synopsis for the named)10 2394 1 1708 2424 t
10 I f
(command)4131 2424 w
10 R f
(, or for all commands)4 873 1 4527 2424 t
(if no argument is given.)4 952 1 1440 2544 t
10 CW f
(probe Probe)1 660 1 1080 2712 t
10 R f
(attempts an)1 463 1 1770 2712 t
10 CW f
(inquiry)2263 2712 w
10 R f
( ids, and prints the result preceded by)7 1534(command on all SCSI target)4 1153 2 2713 2712 t
(the id of those targets which respond.)6 1495 1 1440 2832 t
(The)1080 3000 w
10 CW f
(help)1260 3000 w
10 R f
(and)1525 3000 w
10 CW f
(probe)1694 3000 w
10 R f
(commands may be given at any time.)6 1490 1 2019 3000 t
10 CW f
(open)1080 3168 w
10 I f
(target\255id)1353 3168 w
10 CW f
(Open)1440 3288 w
10 R f
( Internally,)1 472( will be accepted.)3 725(must be given before any of the remaining commands)8 2216 3 1713 3288 t
10 CW f
(open)5160 3288 w
10 R f
(issues)1440 3408 w
10 CW f
(ready)1705 3408 w
10 R f
(then)2030 3408 w
10 CW f
(inquiry)2227 3408 w
10 R f
(, followed by a device class\255specific command to determine the logi\255)10 2753 1 2647 3408 t
(cal block size of the target.)5 1075 1 1440 3528 t
10 CW f
(close Close)1 660 1 1080 3696 t
10 R f
(need only be given if another target is to be opened in the current session.)14 2942 1 1765 3696 t
( specific to the Philips)4 945(The remaining commands are in two groups, generic SCSI commands, and those)11 3375 2 1080 3864 t
(CDD521 Compact Disc Recorder \()4 1467 1 1080 3984 t
10 CW f
(flushcache)2547 3984 w
10 R f
( the exception of the)4 879(onwards\). With)1 662 2 3188 3984 t
10 CW f
(read)4770 3984 w
10 R f
(,)5010 3984 w
10 CW f
(write)5075 3984 w
10 R f
(,)5375 3984 w
10 CW f
(space)1080 4104 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 1380 4104 t
10 CW f
(wtrack)1599 4104 w
10 R f
(commands, all arguments are in the style of ANSI\255C integer constants.)10 2824 1 1984 4104 t
10 CW f
(ready)1080 4272 w
10 R f
(Test Unit Ready checks if the unit is powered up and ready to do)13 2593 1 1440 4272 t
10 CW f
(read)4058 4272 w
10 R f
(and)4323 4272 w
10 CW f
(write)4492 4272 w
10 R f
(commands.)4817 4272 w
10 CW f
(rezero)1080 4440 w
10 R f
(Rezero Unit requests that a disc be brought to a known state, usually by seeking to track zero.)17 3741 1 1440 4560 t
10 CW f
(rewind)1080 4728 w
10 R f
( beginning of current partition \(there is usually only one partition,)10 2718(Rewind positions a tape at the)5 1242 2 1440 4848 t
(the beginning of tape\).)3 904 1 1440 4968 t
10 CW f
(reqsense)1080 5136 w
10 R f
( condition and is usually issued)5 1308(Request Sense retrieves Sense Data concerning an error or other)9 2652 2 1440 5256 t
( of a command that had check\255condition status.)7 2026(following the completion)2 1053 2 1440 5376 t
10 I f
(Scuzz)4589 5376 w
10 R f
(automatically)4856 5376 w
(issues a)1 308 1 1440 5496 t
10 CW f
(reqsense)1773 5496 w
10 R f
(in response to a check\255condition status and prints the result.)9 2386 1 2278 5496 t
10 CW f
(format)1080 5664 w
10 R f
(Format Unit performs a ``low level'' format of a disc.)9 2151 1 1440 5784 t
10 CW f
(rblimits)1080 5952 w
10 R f
(Read Block Limits reports the possible block lengths for the logical unit. Tapes only.)13 3401 1 1440 6072 t
10 CW f
(read)1080 6240 w
10 I f
(file nbytes)1 408 1 1353 6240 t
10 CW f
(Read)1440 6360 w
10 R f
( missing)1 346( A)1 131( host.)1 226(transfers data from the target to the)6 1450 4 1713 6360 t
10 I f
(nbytes)3900 6360 w
10 R f
(causes the entire device to be)5 1211 1 4189 6360 t
(read.)1440 6480 w
10 CW f
(write)1080 6648 w
10 I f
(file nbytes)1 408 1 1413 6648 t
(Write)1440 6768 w
10 R f
( missing)1 340( A)1 125(transfers data from the host to the target.)7 1640 3 1690 6768 t
10 I f
(nbytes)3823 6768 w
10 R f
(causes the entire input file to be)6 1294 1 4106 6768 t
(transferred.)1440 6888 w
(The first argument to the)4 1089 1 1440 7056 t
10 CW f
(read)2579 7056 w
10 R f
(,)2819 7056 w
10 CW f
(write)2894 7056 w
10 R f
(, and)1 219 1 3194 7056 t
10 CW f
(wtrack)3463 7056 w
10 R f
( specifies a source)3 803(\(q.v.\) commands)1 724 2 3873 7056 t
(\()1440 7176 w
10 CW f
(write)1473 7176 w
10 R f
(and)1800 7176 w
10 CW f
(wtrack)1971 7176 w
10 R f
(\) or destination \()3 669 1 2331 7176 t
10 CW f
(read)3000 7176 w
10 R f
( argument is either a plain file name)7 1446( The)1 206( the I/O.)2 332(\) for)1 176 4 3240 7176 t
(or)1440 7296 w
10 CW f
(|)1549 7296 w
10 R f
(followed by a command to be executed by)7 1701 1 1635 7296 t
10 I f
(rc)3362 7296 w
10 R f
( quoted in the style of)5 879( argument may be)3 721(\(1\). The)1 347 3 3453 7296 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 449)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( SCUZZ)1 4083(SCUZZ \( 8 \))3 457 3 720 480 t
10 I f
(rc)1440 960 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)1531 960 w
10 CW f
(seek)1080 1128 w
10 I f
(offset whence)1 541 1 1353 1128 t
(Seek)1440 1248 w
10 R f
( a disc, arguments being in the style of)8 1628(requests the target to seek to a position on)8 1756 2 1657 1248 t
10 I f
(seek)5077 1248 w
10 R f
(\(2\);)5256 1248 w
10 I f
(whence)1440 1368 w
10 R f
(is 0 by default.)3 594 1 1764 1368 t
10 I f
(Scuzz)1440 1536 w
10 R f
( The)1 217(maintains an internal notion of where the current target is positioned.)10 2880 2 1699 1536 t
10 CW f
(seek)4833 1536 w
10 R f
(,)5073 1536 w
10 CW f
(read)5135 1536 w
10 R f
(,)5375 1536 w
10 CW f
(write)1440 1656 w
10 R f
(,)1740 1656 w
10 CW f
(rewind)1790 1656 w
10 R f
(,)2150 1656 w
10 CW f
(rezero)2200 1656 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 2560 1656 t
10 CW f
(wtrack)2779 1656 w
10 R f
(commands all manipulate the internal offset.)5 1781 1 3164 1656 t
10 CW f
(filemark)1080 1824 w
10 I f
(howmany)1593 1824 w
10 R f
(Write Filemarks writes one \(default\) or more filemarks on a tape.)10 2608 1 1440 1944 t
10 CW f
(space [\255b] [\255f] [[\255\255])3 1155 1 1080 2112 t
10 I f
(howmany)2243 2112 w
10 CW f
(])2634 2112 w
10 I f
(Space)1440 2232 w
10 R f
( arguments specify logical block \()5 1391( The)1 212(positions a tape forwards or backwards.)5 1620 3 1710 2232 t
10 CW f
(\255b)4933 2232 w
10 R f
( file\255)1 199(\) or)1 148 2 5053 2232 t
(mark \()1 279 1 1440 2352 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1719 2352 w
10 R f
( is)1 107(\) spacing; default)2 725 2 1839 2352 t
10 CW f
(\255b)2711 2352 w
10 R f
(. If)1 156 1 2831 2352 t
10 I f
(howmany)3027 2352 w
10 R f
(is negative it specifies spacing backwards, and)6 1950 1 3450 2352 t
(should be preceded by)3 895 1 1440 2472 t
10 CW f
(\255\255)2360 2472 w
10 R f
( is 1.)2 192( Default)1 349(to turn off any further option processing.)6 1628 3 2505 2472 t
10 CW f
(inquiry)1080 2640 w
10 R f
( a particular target, and to determine some basic)8 1979(Inquiry is issued to determine the device type of)8 1981 2 1440 2760 t
(information about the implemented options and the product name.)8 2645 1 1440 2880 t
10 CW f
(modeselect)1080 3048 w
10 I f
(bytes...)1713 3048 w
10 R f
(Mode Select is issued to set variable parameters in the target.)10 2483 1 1440 3168 t
10 I f
(Bytes)3977 3168 w
10 R f
(given as arguments comprise)3 1177 1 4223 3168 t
(all the data for the target; see an appropriate manual for the format.)12 2679 1 1440 3288 t
10 CW f
(modesense [)1 625 1 1080 3456 t
10 I f
(page)1713 3456 w
10 CW f
([)1940 3456 w
10 I f
(nbytes)2008 3456 w
10 CW f
(]])2271 3456 w
10 R f
( no)1 132( If)1 123(Mode Sense reports variable and fixed parameters from the target.)9 2706 3 1440 3576 t
10 I f
(page)4433 3576 w
10 R f
(is given, all pages)3 740 1 4660 3576 t
(are returned.)1 503 1 1440 3696 t
10 I f
(Nbytes)1993 3696 w
10 R f
(specifies how many bytes should be returned.)6 1822 1 2290 3696 t
10 CW f
(start)1080 3864 w
10 I f
(code)1413 3864 w
10 CW f
(stop)1080 4032 w
10 I f
(code)1353 4032 w
10 CW f
(eject)1080 4200 w
10 I f
(code)1413 4200 w
10 CW f
(Start)1440 4320 w
10 R f
(,)1740 4320 w
10 CW f
(stop)1808 4320 w
10 R f
(, and)1 212 1 2048 4320 t
10 CW f
(eject)2303 4320 w
10 R f
(are synonyms for Start/Stop Unit with different default values of)9 2754 1 2646 4320 t
10 I f
(code)1440 4440 w
10 R f
( rotating disk drive.)3 798( Unit is typically used to spin up and spin down a)11 2041(. Start/Stop)1 482 3 1636 4440 t
10 I f
(Code)5012 4440 w
10 R f
(is 0)1 147 1 5253 4440 t
(to stop, 1 to start and 3 to eject \(if the device supports ejection of the medium\).)16 3152 1 1440 4560 t
10 CW f
(capacity)1080 4728 w
10 R f
(Read Capacity reports the number of blocks and the block size of a disc.)13 2889 1 1440 4848 t
( of each)2 321( brief description)2 686( A)1 124(The remaining commands are specific to the CDD521 Compact Disc Recorder.)10 3189 4 1080 5016 t
(is given; see the manual for details of arguments.)8 1961 1 1080 5136 t
10 CW f
(flushcache)1080 5304 w
10 R f
( CDD521 to be written to the)6 1214(The Flush Cache command forces data in the cache memory of the)11 2746 2 1440 5424 t
(physical medium.)1 711 1 1440 5544 t
10 CW f
(rdiscinfo [)1 625 1 1080 5712 t
10 I f
(track/session\255number)1713 5712 w
10 CW f
([)2581 5712 w
10 I f
(ses)2649 5712 w
10 CW f
(]])2779 5712 w
10 R f
( TOC/PMA command transfers data from one of the tables of contents \(TOC or PMA\))14 3568(The Read)1 392 2 1440 5832 t
(on the CD medium.)3 789 1 1440 5952 t
10 CW f
(fwaddr [)1 445 1 1080 6120 t
10 I f
(track)1533 6120 w
10 CW f
([)1746 6120 w
10 I f
(mode)1814 6120 w
10 CW f
([)2038 6120 w
10 I f
(npa ])1 214 1 2106 6120 t
10 R f
( Writeable Address command reports the next logical writeable address for the next)12 3577(The First)1 383 2 1440 6240 t
10 CW f
(write)1440 6360 w
10 R f
(command.)1765 6360 w
10 CW f
(treserve)1080 6528 w
10 I f
(nbytes)1593 6528 w
10 R f
( can only be reserved in suc\255)6 1177( Tracks)1 327( command reserves one track on the disc.)7 1688(The Reserve Track)2 768 4 1440 6648 t
(cessive order.)1 548 1 1440 6768 t
10 CW f
(trackinfo)1080 6936 w
10 I f
(track)1653 6936 w
10 R f
( of a given track on the disc and the number)10 1762(Read Track Info reports the starting address, the length)8 2198 2 1440 7056 t
(of free blocks in that track.)5 1075 1 1440 7176 t
( 450)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( SCUZZ)1 4083(SCUZZ \( 8 \))3 457 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(wtrack)1080 960 w
10 I f
(file)1448 960 w
10 CW f
([)1584 960 w
10 I f
(nbytes)1652 960 w
10 CW f
([)1940 960 w
10 I f
(track)2008 960 w
10 R f
( if)1 104(Write Track sets up for track\255writing)5 1556 2 1440 1080 t
10 I f
(nbytes)3143 1080 w
10 R f
( See)1 212(is 0 \(default\), or writes a complete track.)7 1747 2 3441 1080 t
10 CW f
(write)1440 1200 w
10 R f
(above.)1765 1200 w
10 CW f
(load)1080 1368 w
(unload)1080 1536 w
10 R f
(Load and Unload open or close the tray.)7 1602 1 1440 1656 t
10 CW f
(fixation [)1 565 1 1080 1824 t
10 I f
(toc\255type)1653 1824 w
10 CW f
(])1982 1824 w
10 I f
(Fixation)1440 1944 w
10 R f
( disc to complete a ses\255)5 944(writes table of contents \(TOC\) and LEADOUT information to the)9 2650 2 1806 1944 t
(sion.)1440 2064 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2472 t
10 CW f
(#S/)1080 2592 w
10 I f
(scsi\255target\255id)1260 2592 w
10 CW f
(/cmd)1793 2592 w
10 R f
(raw SCSI interface for command and status.)6 1766 1 2520 2592 t
10 CW f
(#S/)1080 2712 w
10 I f
(scsi\255target\255id)1260 2712 w
10 CW f
(/data)1793 2712 w
10 R f
(raw SCSI interface for I/O.)4 1083 1 2520 2712 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2880 t
10 I f
(scsi)1080 3000 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1238 3000 w
10 I f
(Small Computer System Interface \255 2 \(X3T9.2/86\255109\))6 2167 1 1080 3120 t
10 R f
(, Global Engineering Documents)3 1315 1 3255 3120 t
10 I f
(SCSI Command Set CDD521/10)3 1297 1 1080 3240 t
10 R f
(, Philips IMS)2 532 1 2385 3240 t
10 I f
(SCSI Bench Reference)2 897 1 1080 3360 t
10 R f
(, ENDL Publications)2 836 1 1985 3360 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3528 t
10 R f
(Only a limited subset of SCSI commands has been implemented \(as needed\).)11 3080 1 1080 3648 t
(Only one target can be open at a time.)8 1516 1 1080 3816 t
(LUNs other than 0 are not supported.)6 1489 1 1080 3984 t
(No way to force 6 or 10 byte commands.)8 1633 1 1080 4152 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 451)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( SECURENET)1 3822(SECURENET \( 8 \))3 718 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(Digital Pathways SecureNet Key)3 1317 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2422 1080 w
10 R f
(remote authentication box)2 1043 1 2512 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
(The)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(SecureNet)1273 1368 w
10 R f
( to authenticate connections to Plan 9 from a foreign system such as a Unix)14 3203(box is used)2 476 2 1721 1368 t
( DES encryption with a key)5 1157( box, which looks like a calculator, performs)7 1860( The)1 216(machine or plain terminal.)3 1087 4 1080 1488 t
( box is protected)3 693( Each)1 258( copy of the key is kept on the authentication server.)10 2178( Another)1 386(held in its memory.)3 805 5 1080 1608 t
(from unauthorized use by a four digit PIN.)7 1703 1 1080 1728 t
( response)1 381( The)1 212( requires SecureNet authentication, it prompts with a numerical challenge.)9 3027(When the system)2 700 4 1080 1896 t
( as follows:)2 461( Respond)1 400(is compared to one generated with the key stored on the authentication server.)12 3113 3 1080 2016 t
(Turn on the box and enter your PIN at the)9 1708 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(EP)2817 2184 w
10 R f
(prompt, followed by the)3 978 1 2966 2184 t
10 CW f
(ENT)3973 2184 w
10 R f
( the challenge at)3 666(button. Enter)1 552 2 4182 2184 t
10 CW f
(Ed)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(prompt, again followed)2 953 1 1234 2304 t
10 CW f
(ENT)2221 2304 w
10 R f
( you make a)3 512( If)1 125( type to Plan 9 the response generated by the box.)10 2073(. Then)1 289 4 2401 2304 t
(mistake at any time, reset the box by pressing)8 1847 1 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(ON)2956 2424 w
10 R f
( authentication server compares the response gener\255)6 2090(. The)1 234 2 3076 2424 t
( they match, the user is accepted.)6 1319( If)1 116(ated by the box to one computed internally.)7 1737 3 1080 2544 t
(The box will lose its memory if given the wrong PIN five times in succession or if its batteries are removed.)20 4320 1 1080 2712 t
(To reprogram it, type a)4 923 1 1080 2880 t
10 CW f
(4)2028 2880 w
10 R f
(at the)1 219 1 2113 2880 t
10 CW f
(E0)2357 2880 w
10 R f
(prompt.)2502 2880 w
(At the)1 252 1 1080 3048 t
10 CW f
(E1)1362 3048 w
10 R f
( you are enter\255)3 596( While)1 300( eight three\255digit octal numbers.)4 1303(prompt, enter your key, which consists of)6 1689 4 1512 3048 t
( number)1 332( This)1 230( box displays a number ranging from 1 to 8 on the left side of the display.)16 2971(ing these digits, the)3 787 4 1080 3168 t
( entering, and changes when you enter the first digit of the next)12 2658(corresponds to the octal number you are)6 1662 2 1080 3288 t
(number.)1080 3408 w
(When you are done entering your key, press)7 1762 1 1080 3576 t
10 CW f
(ENT)2867 3576 w
10 R f
(twice.)3072 3576 w
(At the)1 247 1 1080 3744 t
10 CW f
(E2)1352 3744 w
10 R f
(prompt, enter a PIN for the box.)6 1281 1 1497 3744 t
(After you confirm the PIN at the)6 1303 1 1080 3912 t
10 CW f
(E3)2408 3912 w
10 R f
(prompt, you can use the box as normal.)7 1573 1 2553 3912 t
( turn on the box and enter your current PIN at)10 1834( First,)1 260(You can change the PIN using the following procedure.)8 2226 3 1080 4080 t
(the)1080 4200 w
10 CW f
(EP)1235 4200 w
10 R f
(prompt. Press)1 583 1 1388 4200 t
10 CW f
(END)2003 4200 w
10 R f
(three times; this will return you to the)7 1557 1 2215 4200 t
10 CW f
(EP)3804 4200 w
10 R f
( your PIN again, fol\255)4 857(prompt. Enter)1 587 2 3956 4200 t
(lowed by)1 374 1 1080 4320 t
10 CW f
(ENT)1484 4320 w
10 R f
(; you should see a)4 736 1 1664 4320 t
10 CW f
(Ed)2430 4320 w
10 R f
( a)1 75(prompt with)1 497 2 2580 4320 t
10 CW f
(\255)3183 4320 w
10 R f
( a)1 75( Enter)1 272(on the right side of the display.)6 1277 3 3274 4320 t
10 CW f
(0)4929 4320 w
10 R f
(and press)1 380 1 5020 4320 t
10 CW f
(ENT)1080 4440 w
10 R f
( should see the)3 591(. You)1 247 2 1260 4440 t
10 CW f
(E2)2123 4440 w
10 R f
(prompt; follow the instructions above for entering a PIN.)8 2278 1 2268 4440 t
(The)1080 4608 w
10 I f
(SecureNet)1264 4608 w
10 R f
(box performs the same encryption as the)6 1643 1 1703 4608 t
10 CW f
(netcrypt)3375 4608 w
10 R f
(routine \(see)1 472 1 3884 4608 t
10 I f
(encrypt)4386 4608 w
10 R f
( entered)1 323(\(2\)\). The)1 384 2 4693 4608 t
( 0 and 100000, is treated as a text string with trailing binary zero fill)14 2792(challenge, a decimal number between)4 1528 2 1080 4728 t
( dis\255)1 177( first four bytes are printed on the)7 1346( The)1 206( 8 bytes are encrypted with the DES algorithm.)8 1886( These)1 289(to 8 bytes.)2 416 6 1080 4848 t
( as described, the box does not print hexadecimal dig\255)9 2161( when set up)3 508( However,)1 442(play as hexadecimal numbers.)3 1209 4 1080 4968 t
( a)1 73( If)1 120( it prints a 2 for an A, B, or C, and a 3 for a D, E, or F.)19 2248( Instead,)1 367( 9.)1 104(its greater than)2 599 6 1080 5088 t
10 CW f
(5)4620 5088 w
10 R f
(rather than a)2 506 1 4709 5088 t
10 CW f
(4)5244 5088 w
10 R f
(is)5333 5088 w
(entered at the)2 543 1 1080 5208 t
10 CW f
(E0)1651 5208 w
10 R f
( not recommended, as letters are too eas\255)7 1643( is)1 95( This)1 231(print, the hexadecimal digits are printed.)5 1632 4 1799 5208 t
(ily confused with digits on the)5 1214 1 1080 5328 t
10 I f
(SecureNet)2319 5328 w
10 R f
(display.)2754 5328 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5496 t
10 I f
(login)1080 5616 w
10 R f
(\(8\),)1294 5616 w
10 I f
(encrypt)1460 5616 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1767 5616 w
10 I f
(auth)1933 5616 w
10 R f
(\(2\))2119 5616 w
(Digital Pathways, Mountain View, California)4 1821 1 1080 5736 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5904 t
10 R f
( carried in a pocket, it can to turn itself on and wear out the batteries.)15 2747( If)1 116(The box is too clumsy.)4 914 3 1080 6024 t
( 452)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( SNOOPY)1 4000(SNOOPY \( 8 \))3 540 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(snoopy)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1394 1080 w
10 R f
(spy on Ethernet packets)3 951 1 1484 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(snoopy)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1465 1368 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1523 1368 w
10 CW f
(abeiltup9)1588 1368 w
10 R f
(][)2153 1368 w
10 S1 f
(\261)2244 1368 w
10 CW f
(np)2309 1368 w
10 R f
(])2454 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Snoopy)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( packets)1 326( The)1 207(displays the header and first 20 data bytes of packets received from the local Ethernet.)14 3467 3 1400 1656 t
( following options each select packets from a particular proto\255)9 2490( The)1 206( chosen.)1 328(displayed depend on the options)4 1296 4 1080 1776 t
( more than one flag is given, packets from all those protocols are displayed.)13 3020(col. If)1 263 2 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(a)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(ARP)1440 2064 w
10 CW f
(b)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(BOOTP)1440 2232 w
10 CW f
(e)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(all Ethernet packets)2 787 1 1440 2400 t
10 CW f
(i)1080 2568 w
10 R f
(IP)1440 2568 w
10 CW f
(l)1080 2736 w
10 R f
(IL)1440 2736 w
10 CW f
(t)1080 2904 w
10 R f
(TCP)1440 2904 w
10 CW f
(u)1080 3072 w
10 R f
(UDP)1440 3072 w
( option)1 281( The)1 205(By default all addresses are translated into system names.)8 2299 3 1080 3240 t
10 CW f
(n)3890 3240 w
10 R f
(suppresses this.)1 622 1 3975 3240 t
10 I f
(Snoopy)1080 3408 w
10 R f
( The)1 210(runs in promiscuous mode by default, displaying all packets it can capture from the Ethernet.)14 3787 2 1403 3408 t
(option)1080 3528 w
10 CW f
(p)1361 3528 w
10 R f
(causes only packets sent to or from the system)8 1853 1 1446 3528 t
10 I f
(snoopy)3324 3528 w
10 R f
(is running on to be displayed.)5 1183 1 3632 3528 t
(Option)1080 3696 w
10 CW f
(9)1383 3696 w
10 R f
(causes the data of TCP and IL messages to be interpreted and displayed as 9P messages.)15 3527 1 1468 3696 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3864 t
10 CW f
(/net/ether)1080 3984 w
10 R f
(Ethernet device)1 623 1 1440 4104 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4272 t
10 R f
( on them,)2 387( run)1 163( If)1 121(The CPU servers do not take well to running in promiscuous mode.)11 2753 4 1080 4392 t
10 I f
(snoopy)4535 4392 w
10 R f
(may kill their)2 551 1 4849 4392 t
(Ethernets.)1080 4512 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 453)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( SWAP)1 4122(SWAP \( 8 \))3 418 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(swap)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1310 1080 w
10 R f
(establish a swap file)3 807 1 1400 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(swap)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(file)1345 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Swap)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( If)1 118( swap on.)2 384(establishes a file or device for the system to)8 1755 3 1323 1656 t
10 I f
(file)3607 1656 w
10 R f
(is a device, the device is used directly; if)8 1638 1 3762 1656 t
( environment variable)2 884( The)1 209(a directory, a unique file is created in that directory on which to swap.)13 2862 3 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(swap)5064 1776 w
10 R f
(is)5333 1776 w
( at)1 107( number of blocks available in the file or device must be)11 2348( The)1 214(set to the full name of the resulting file.)8 1651 4 1080 1896 t
(least the number of swap blocks configured at system boot time.)10 2572 1 1080 2016 t
( blocks are currently valid in the file the old file will be closed)13 2501(If a swap channel has already been set and no)9 1819 2 1080 2184 t
(and then replaced. If any blocks are valid on the device an error is returned instead.)15 3321 1 1080 2304 t
( 454)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( SYSMON)1 3983(SYSMON \( 8 \))3 557 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(sysmon, stats)1 534 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1639 1080 w
10 R f
(display graphs of system activity)4 1316 1 1729 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(sysmon)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1465 1368 w
10 I f
(machine)1523 1368 w
10 R f
(])1886 1368 w
10 CW f
(stats)1080 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Sysmon)1080 1824 w
10 R f
( statistics may)2 581( The)1 212(displays a rolling graph of various statistics collected by the operating system.)11 3191 3 1416 1824 t
( in the top left corner of)6 972( sample value is taken once per second. The number)9 2129( A)1 127(be from a remote machine.)4 1092 4 1080 1944 t
(the graph gives the peak value for the duration of the graph.)11 2389 1 1080 2064 t
( the mouse buttons any\255)4 983( Clicking)1 402( value.)1 273(Lines across the graph represent 75%, 50% and 25% of the peak)11 2637 4 1105 2184 t
( parameters are:)2 636( The)1 205(where in the window selects a new parameter to monitor.)9 2284 3 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(mem)1080 2472 w
10 R f
( displayed as a fraction of the machine's total)8 1853( memory is)2 458( The)1 209(total pages of active memory.)4 1200 4 1680 2472 t
(memory.)1680 2592 w
10 CW f
(ether)1080 2712 w
10 R f
(number of packets sent and received per second.)7 1933 1 1680 2712 t
10 CW f
(swap)1080 2832 w
10 R f
( swap is displayed as a fraction of the num\255)9 1778( The)1 210( swap device.)2 550(number of valid pages on the)5 1182 4 1680 2832 t
(ber of swap pages configured by the machine.)7 1834 1 1680 2952 t
10 CW f
(contxt)1080 3072 w
10 R f
(number of process context switches per second.)6 1904 1 1680 3072 t
10 CW f
(intr)1080 3192 w
10 R f
(number of interrupts per second.)4 1300 1 1680 3192 t
10 CW f
(fault)1080 3312 w
10 R f
(number of memory faults per second.)5 1497 1 1680 3312 t
10 CW f
(tlbmiss)1080 3432 w
10 R f
(number translation lookaside buffer misses per second.)6 2199 1 1680 3432 t
10 CW f
(tlbpurge)1080 3552 w
10 R f
(number translation lookaside buffer flushes per second.)6 2215 1 1680 3552 t
10 CW f
(load)1080 3672 w
10 R f
( is computed as a running average of the number of processes)11 2480( load)1 198( The)1 206(system load average.)2 836 4 1680 3672 t
(ready to run multiplied by 1000 to give some precision.)9 2221 1 1680 3792 t
(The)1080 3912 w
10 I f
(stats)1260 3912 w
10 R f
(program is invoked by)3 902 1 1469 3912 t
10 I f
(sysmon)2396 3912 w
10 R f
(to display the graph.)3 816 1 2715 3912 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 4080 t
10 CW f
(/net/*/[0\255n]/stats)1080 4200 w
(#c/sysstat)1080 4320 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4488 t
10 R f
(Some machines do not have TLB hardware.)6 1755 1 1080 4608 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 455)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 8 \))3 140( VGA)1 4184(VGA \( 8 \))3 356 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(aux/vga)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1421 1080 w
10 R f
(setup VGA card)2 648 1 1511 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(aux/vga)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1525 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255c)1583 1368 w
10 I f
(chip)1728 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1925 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255f)2041 1368 w
10 I f
(configfile)2186 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2589 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255t)2705 1368 w
10 I f
(vgatype)2850 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3185 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255i)3301 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3446 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255D)3562 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3707 1368 t
10 I f
(xsize)3823 1368 w
10 R f
([)4042 1368 w
10 I f
(ysize)4100 1368 w
10 R f
([)4319 1368 w
10 I f
(zsize)4377 1368 w
10 R f
(]]])4591 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 CW f
(Aux/vga)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( scans a)2 322( It)1 117( kernel for various display sizes and depths.)7 1789(configures VGA cards and the)4 1233 4 1530 1656 t
10 I f
(configfile)5022 1656 w
10 R f
(\(usually)1080 1776 w
10 CW f
(/lib/vgadb)1432 1776 w
10 R f
(\) for a given)3 505 1 2032 1776 t
10 I f
(vgatype)2567 1776 w
10 R f
( no)1 130( If)1 121(and size.)1 354 3 2907 1776 t
10 I f
(vgatype)3542 1776 w
10 R f
( environment variable)2 884(is specified, the)2 634 2 3882 1776 t
10 CW f
(vgatype)1080 1896 w
10 R f
( record name typically represents a monitor/SVGA card pair, like)9 2611( The)1 205(is used.)1 300 3 1525 1896 t
10 CW f
(tseng\255nec4)4666 1896 w
10 R f
(.)5266 1896 w
( 800x600, 1024x768, and)3 1022(A good super VGA card and high quality monitor will support 320x200, 640x480,)12 3298 2 1080 2064 t
( but)1 153( All)1 178( depths with their 4\255bit planar modes.)6 1496( 4\255bit pixel)2 441( and)1 195( usually support 1, 2,)4 843( All)1 179(possibly 1280x1024.)1 835 8 1080 2184 t
( 1\255bit displays, only the)4 942( For)1 189(the last support 8\255bit pixels as well.)6 1419 3 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(xsize)3655 2304 w
10 R f
(is needed.)1 399 1 3874 2304 t
(The)1080 2472 w
10 I f
(configfile)1272 2472 w
10 R f
( in column one followed by)5 1167( record has a name starting)5 1132( Each)1 261(contains a series of records.)4 1153 4 1687 2472 t
( of standard VGA register)4 1076(indented configuration information: the screen x, y, and z dimensions, a series)11 3244 2 1080 2592 t
( type, and possibly some more special registers values for that)10 2527(values, a quoted string giving the VGA chip)7 1793 2 1080 2712 t
(chip type.)1 394 1 1080 2832 t
( on a Cardinal 765 VGA board, the Paradise PVGA1A)9 2284(We currently support the Tseng Labs T4000 chip)7 2036 2 1080 3000 t
( the Safari)2 426(chip on the AT&T VGA\255600 board, limited support for the Trident 8900, and some values for)15 3894 2 1080 3120 t
(and Nomad computers.)2 929 1 1080 3240 t
(When debugging new configurations, the following switches and commands are useful:)10 3503 1 1080 3408 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 3576 w
10 I f
(chip)1208 3576 w
10 R f
( usually set by the)4 774( is)1 104( This)1 240(Set the chip type.)3 730 4 1620 3576 t
10 I f
(vgatype)3506 3576 w
10 R f
( default chip type is read)5 1049(record. The)1 497 2 3854 3576 t
(from)1620 3696 w
10 CW f
(#v/vgatype)1839 3696 w
10 R f
(.)2439 3696 w
10 CW f
(\255D)1080 3816 w
10 R f
(Read the registers back after a new configuration is loaded and print the differences.)13 3363 1 1620 3816 t
10 CW f
(\255i)1080 3936 w
10 R f
( accepts the following commands:)4 1365( It)1 111(Interactive mode.)1 698 3 1620 3936 t
10 CW f
(d)1680 4056 w
10 R f
(Read and display VGA registers.)4 1317 1 2220 4056 t
10 CW f
(q)1680 4176 w
10 R f
(,)1740 4176 w
10 CW f
(x)1825 4176 w
10 R f
(Quit program.)1 566 1 2220 4176 t
10 CW f
(arr)1680 4296 w
10 R f
(Display attribute register)2 993 1 2220 4296 t
10 I f
(rr)3238 4296 w
10 R f
(.)3324 4296 w
10 CW f
(crr)1680 4416 w
10 R f
(Display crt register)2 765 1 2220 4416 t
10 I f
(rr)3010 4416 w
10 R f
(.)3096 4416 w
10 CW f
(grr)1680 4536 w
10 R f
(Display graphics register)2 998 1 2220 4536 t
10 I f
(rr)3243 4536 w
10 R f
(.)3329 4536 w
10 CW f
(srr)1680 4656 w
10 R f
(Display sequence register)2 1025 1 2220 4656 t
10 I f
(rr)3270 4656 w
10 R f
(.)3356 4656 w
10 CW f
(Arr)1680 4776 w
10 I f
(=)1868 4776 w
10 CW f
(hh)1944 4776 w
10 R f
(Set attribute register hex)3 979 1 2220 4776 t
10 I f
(rr)3224 4776 w
10 R f
(to hex value)2 488 1 3327 4776 t
10 I f
(hh)3840 4776 w
10 R f
(.)3948 4776 w
10 CW f
(Crr)1680 4896 w
10 I f
(=)1868 4896 w
10 CW f
(hh)1944 4896 w
10 R f
(Set crt register hex)3 751 1 2220 4896 t
10 I f
(rr)2996 4896 w
10 R f
(to hex value)2 488 1 3099 4896 t
10 I f
(hh)3612 4896 w
10 R f
(.)3720 4896 w
10 CW f
(Grr)1680 5016 w
10 I f
(=)1868 5016 w
10 CW f
(hh)1944 5016 w
10 R f
(Set graphics register hex)3 984 1 2220 5016 t
10 I f
(rr)3229 5016 w
10 R f
(to hex value)2 488 1 3332 5016 t
10 I f
(hh)3845 5016 w
10 R f
(.)3953 5016 w
10 CW f
(Srr)1680 5136 w
10 I f
(=)1868 5136 w
10 CW f
(hh)1944 5136 w
10 R f
(Set sequence register hex)3 1011 1 2220 5136 t
10 I f
(rr)3256 5136 w
10 R f
(to hex value)2 488 1 3359 5136 t
10 I f
(hh)3872 5136 w
10 R f
(.)3980 5136 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 5304 t
10 CW f
(vgatype=generic aux/vga 640)2 1620 1 1080 5424 t
10 R f
(Set a generic VGA to a standard size.)7 1496 1 1440 5544 t
10 CW f
(vgatype=tseng\255nec5 aux/vga 1024 768 2)4 2220 1 1080 5712 t
10 R f
(Setup a nice 2\255bit grey scale display on a NEC 5 with Tseng Lab's chip.)14 2882 1 1440 5832 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 6000 t
10 CW f
(/lib/vgadb)1080 6120 w
10 R f
(VGA configuration file.)2 962 1 1800 6120 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6288 t
10 I f
(vga)1080 6408 w
10 R f
(\(3\))1232 6408 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6576 t
10 R f
( color displays don't)3 864( PC)1 188( a new VGA chip.)4 783(It takes a lot of documentation, or a lot of work to support)12 2485 4 1080 6696 t
(approach black\255and\255white workstation clarity and size unless they are)8 2782 1 1080 6816 t
10 I f
(very)3887 6816 w
10 R f
(expensive.)4083 6816 w
( 456)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9 \))3 140( INTRO)1 4095(INTRO \( 9 \))3 445 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(intro)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1294 1080 w
10 R f
(introduction to raster image software)4 1475 1 1384 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
(Plan 9 provides a suite of commands and library routines to create and manipulate files containing gray\255)16 4320 1 1080 1368 t
( 9 of the manual is divided into subsections numbered like the main)12 2824( Section)1 360(scale and full\255color images.)3 1136 3 1080 1488 t
( for commands, 9.2 for library routines, 9.6 for file formats.)10 2382( 9.1)1 175(manual sections:)1 669 3 1080 1608 t
( records with a textual header describing the dimen\255)8 2137(Picture files are two\255dimensional arrays of multi\255byte)6 2183 2 1080 1776 t
( whatever other information programs may)5 1766(sions of the image, the algorithm used to encode the file, and)11 2554 2 1080 1896 t
(wish to preserve.)2 687 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(picfile)1821 2016 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\) describes the file format;)4 1231 1 2079 2016 t
10 I f
(picopen)3340 2016 w
10 R f
(\(9.2\) describes a library of routines to read)7 1736 1 3664 2016 t
(and write picture files.)3 898 1 1080 2136 t
10 CW f
(/bin/fb)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(contains a collection of programs to manipulate picture files.)8 2427 1 1525 2304 t
10 I f
(Drop)1080 2472 w
10 R f
(displays a picture file in an)5 1109 1 1322 2472 t
10 I f
(8\275)2462 2472 w
10 R f
( Plan 9 terminal.)3 682(\(1\) window or on a raw)5 969 2 2595 2472 t
10 I f
(Examine)4303 2472 w
10 R f
(similarly displays)1 716 1 4684 2472 t
(an image and allows interactive examination of its pixel values.)9 2550 1 1080 2592 t
10 I f
(Picinfo)3681 2592 w
10 R f
( of a picture file)4 637(displays the header)2 767 2 3996 2592 t
(on its standard output.)3 904 1 1080 2712 t
10 I f
(Pcp)2040 2712 w
10 R f
(copies picture files, modifying header attributes as requested and updating the)10 3174 1 2226 2712 t
( can clip a subwindow out of a picture, permute, delete and)11 2568( It)1 130(encoded picture array correspondingly.)3 1622 3 1080 2832 t
( type and even convert full\255color images to monochrome and vice\255)10 2751(rename channels, change the encoding)4 1569 2 1080 2952 t
(versa.)1080 3072 w
10 I f
(Hed)1368 3072 w
10 R f
(is a more brute\255force version of)5 1275 1 1562 3072 t
10 I f
(pcp)2865 3072 w
10 R f
(that can apply an arbitrary)4 1055 1 3037 3072 t
10 I f
(sed)4119 3072 w
10 R f
(\(1\) script to a picfile header.)5 1140 1 4260 3072 t
(It copies the image array verbatim and can thus convert precious images into garbage or vice\255versa.)15 3973 1 1080 3192 t
10 I f
(Dumppic, gif2pic, picopic)2 1038 1 1080 3360 t
10 R f
(and)2143 3360 w
10 I f
(Face2pic)2312 3360 w
10 R f
(convert files in various alien formats to)6 1576 1 2709 3360 t
10 I f
(picfile)4311 3360 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\) format.)1 508 1 4569 3360 t
10 I f
(Pic2ps)5128 3360 w
10 R f
(converts picfiles to encapsulated Postscript.)4 1769 1 1080 3480 t
10 I f
(Nohed)2905 3480 w
10 R f
( applied)1 325( When)1 294(removes the header from a picture file.)6 1584 3 3197 3480 t
(to a)1 158 1 1080 3600 t
10 CW f
(TYPE=dump)1274 3600 w
10 R f
(picture this converts it into the ubiquitous `raw dump' format.)9 2575 1 1850 3600 t
10 I f
(Mugs)4486 3600 w
10 R f
(is an interactive)2 656 1 4744 3600 t
(program to convert picfiles into 48)5 1390 1 1080 3720 t
10 S f
(\264)2470 3720 w
10 R f
(48 icons of the sort used by)6 1099 1 2525 3720 t
10 CW f
(seemail)3649 3720 w
10 R f
(\(see)4094 3720 w
10 I f
(mail)4279 3720 w
10 R f
(\(1\)\).)4465 3720 w
( of whole cloth.)3 642(Some commands create simple images out)5 1721 2 1080 3888 t
10 I f
(Card)3498 3888 w
10 R f
(writes an image of constant color.)5 1378 1 3734 3888 t
10 I f
(Ramp)5167 3888 w
10 R f
(creates an image that is one color at one edge and changes linearly to another color at the opposite edge.)19 4157 1 1080 4008 t
10 I f
(Twb)1080 4176 w
10 R f
(and its subroutine)2 711 1 1278 4176 t
10 I f
(dpic)2014 4176 w
10 R f
(convert)2211 4176 w
10 I f
(troff)2535 4176 w
10 R f
(\(1\) input into anti\255aliased images.)4 1346 1 2716 4176 t
10 I f
(Aplot)1080 4344 w
10 R f
(reads a square array of data points and draws an anti\255aliased perspective plot of the surface it defines.)17 4044 1 1322 4344 t
( that read one or more images and write a modified image on standard out\255)14 3053(There are numerous commands)3 1267 2 1080 4512 t
(put. See)1 410 1 1080 4632 t
10 I f
(remap)1577 4632 w
10 R f
(\(9.1\),)1840 4632 w
10 I f
(filters)2143 4632 w
10 R f
(\(9.1\),)2385 4632 w
10 I f
(floyd)2688 4632 w
10 R f
(\(9.1\),)2896 4632 w
10 I f
(he)3199 4632 w
10 R f
(\(9.1\),)3301 4632 w
10 I f
(lam)3604 4632 w
10 R f
(\(9.1\),)3762 4632 w
10 I f
(lerp)4065 4632 w
10 R f
(\(9.1\),)4234 4632 w
10 I f
(logo)4537 4632 w
10 R f
(\(9.1\),)4723 4632 w
10 I f
(lum)5026 4632 w
10 R f
(\(9.1\),)5184 4632 w
10 I f
(quantize)1080 4752 w
10 R f
(\(9.1\),)1427 4752 w
10 I f
(resample)1668 4752 w
10 R f
(\(9.1\))2042 4752 w
10 I f
(transpose)2258 4752 w
10 R f
(\(9.1\) and)1 360 1 2655 4752 t
10 I f
(xpand)3040 4752 w
10 R f
(\(9.1\) for descriptions.)2 865 1 3292 4752 t
10 I f
(Moto)1080 4920 w
10 R f
( converts concise descriptions of simultaneous processes over\255)7 2505( It)1 112(is an animator's command language.)4 1467 3 1316 4920 t
(lapping in time into sequential command files suitable for producing frames of an animation.)13 3713 1 1080 5040 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5208 t
10 R f
(Sections)1080 5328 w
10 I f
(add)1470 5328 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1628 5328 w
10 I f
(balloc)1820 5328 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2078 5328 w
10 I f
(cachechars)2270 5328 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)2732 5328 w
10 I f
(subfalloc)2924 5328 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)3299 5328 w
10 I f
(bitblt)3491 5328 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)3711 5328 w
10 I f
(event)3904 5328 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)4122 5328 w
10 I f
(frame)4315 5328 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)4556 5328 w
10 I f
(print)4749 5328 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)4952 5328 w
10 I f
(bit)5145 5328 w
10 R f
(\(3\),)5259 5328 w
10 I f
(layer)1080 5448 w
10 R f
(\(2\),)1293 5448 w
10 I f
(bitmap)1459 5448 w
10 R f
(\(6\) and)1 285 1 1745 5448 t
10 I f
(font)2055 5448 w
10 R f
(\(6\) describe the standard Plan 9 interactive bitmap graphics interface.)9 2771 1 2219 5448 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 457)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( APLOT)1 3928(APLOT \( 9.1 \))3 537 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(aplot)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1305 1080 w
10 R f
(isometric plots of data arrays)4 1159 1 1395 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/aplot)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1585 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255a)1643 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1788 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1904 1368 w
10 I f
(lightfile)2032 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2369 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255t)2485 1368 w
10 I f
(type)2613 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2804 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255r)2920 1368 w
10 I f
(range)3048 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3306 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255w)3422 1368 w
10 I f
(x0 y0 x1 y1)3 451 1 3550 1368 t
10 R f
(])4026 1368 w
10 I f
(file)4084 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Aplot)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( reads from)2 476(draws an anti\255aliased isometric perspective plot of the square array of elevations that it)13 3592 2 1332 1656 t
10 I f
(file.)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(The output is a picture file, written on standard output.)9 2184 1 1258 1776 t
(Option)1080 1944 w
10 CW f
(\255t)1383 1944 w
10 R f
( Possible)1 384(specifies the type of the data in the binary file.)9 1852 2 1528 1944 t
10 I f
(types)3789 1944 w
10 R f
(are)4019 1944 w
10 CW f
(s short)1 660 1 1440 2112 t
(i int)1 540 1 1440 2232 t
(l long)1 600 1 1440 2352 t
(f float)1 660 1 1440 2472 t
(d double)1 720 1 1440 2592 t
(c char)1 600 1 1440 2712 t
( char)1 300(u unsigned)1 840 2 1440 2832 t
10 R f
(The default is)2 549 1 1080 3000 t
10 CW f
(\255t f)1 240 1 1654 3000 t
10 R f
(.)1894 3000 w
(Option)1080 3168 w
10 CW f
(\255w)1389 3168 w
10 R f
(sets the)1 303 1 1540 3168 t
10 CW f
(WINDOW=)1874 3168 w
10 R f
( image is drawn in a 640)6 1024( default, the)2 486( By)1 173(attribute of the output image.)4 1187 4 2325 3168 t
10 S f
(\264)5195 3168 w
10 R f
(512)5250 3168 w
(window.)1080 3288 w
( default scaling can be overridden by)6 1534( This)1 238( plot fill the window.)4 882(Normally, the data is scaled to make the)7 1666 4 1080 3456 t
(option)1080 3576 w
10 CW f
(\255r)1364 3576 w
10 R f
( so that)2 293(, in which case the data is scaled)7 1318 2 1484 3576 t
10 I f
(range)3122 3576 w
10 R f
(is the magnitude of data values that would make a)9 2018 1 3382 3576 t
(plot that just fills the window vertically.)6 1603 1 1080 3696 t
(Option)1080 3864 w
10 CW f
(\255l)1389 3864 w
10 R f
( By)1 174( a file describing how to shade the surface and how shiny the surface is.)14 2961(gives the name of)3 725 3 1540 3864 t
( The)1 212(default, a not\255at\255all shiny surface is lit from above by a single light source.)13 3067 2 1080 3984 t
10 I f
(lightfile)4390 3984 w
10 R f
(contains lines of)2 667 1 4733 3984 t
(the following forms:)2 822 1 1080 4104 t
10 CW f
(light)1080 4272 w
10 I f
(x y z brightness)3 619 1 1413 4272 t
10 R f
( source of the given brightness shining in direction)8 2122(specifies light)1 569 2 1440 4392 t
10 I f
(\(x,y,z\).)4168 4392 w
10 R f
(There can be up to 16)5 927 1 4473 4392 t
( default light is in direction \(2,3,9\) and has brightness 1.)10 2240( The)1 205(light sources.)1 533 3 1440 4512 t
10 CW f
(ambient)1080 4680 w
10 I f
(brightness)1533 4680 w
10 R f
( default is 0.02.)3 619( The)1 205(specifies the brightness of then ambient \(non\255directional\) light.)7 2519 3 1440 4800 t
10 CW f
(diff)1080 4968 w
10 I f
(reflectance)1353 4968 w
10 R f
( default is 0.98.)3 619( The)1 205(sets the amount of diffuse reflection from the surface.)8 2142 3 1440 5088 t
10 CW f
(spec)1080 5256 w
10 I f
(reflectance)1353 5256 w
10 R f
( default is 0.)3 494( The)1 205(sets the amount of specular reflection from the surface.)8 2197 3 1440 5376 t
10 CW f
(bump)1080 5544 w
10 I f
(height)1353 5544 w
10 R f
( numbers produce tighter \(less diffuse\))5 1644( Larger)1 335( bump.)1 298(sets the width of the specular reflection)6 1683 4 1440 5664 t
( default is 80.)3 544(bumps. The)1 497 2 1440 5784 t
(Option)1080 5952 w
10 CW f
(\255a)1383 5952 w
10 R f
(suppresses writing an)2 860 1 1528 5952 t
10 I f
(alpha)2413 5952 w
10 R f
( default, the output has)4 913( By)1 167(channel into the output file.)4 1102 3 2666 5952 t
10 CW f
(CHAN=ma)4873 5952 w
10 R f
(.)5293 5952 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6120 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 6240 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\),)1338 6240 w
10 I f
(filters)1579 6240 w
10 R f
(\(9.1\))1821 6240 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6408 t
10 R f
( and so are not transportable, except)6 1474(Input files assumed to use native byte order and floating point format,)11 2846 2 1080 6528 t
(for)1080 6648 w
10 CW f
(\255t u)1 240 1 1221 6648 t
10 R f
(.)1461 6648 w
( 458)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( CARD)1 3972(CARD \( 9.1 \))3 493 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(card, ramp)1 426 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1531 1080 w
10 R f
(create simple color fields)3 1006 1 1621 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/card)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1525 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255c)1583 1368 w
10 I f
(rgba)1711 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1925 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255w)2041 1368 w
10 I f
(x0 y0 x1 y1)3 451 1 2169 1368 t
10 R f
(])2645 1368 w
10 I f
(red)2703 1368 w
10 R f
([)2861 1368 w
10 I f
(green blue)1 424 1 2919 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3368 1368 t
10 I f
(alpha)3484 1368 w
10 R f
(])3737 1368 w
10 CW f
(fb/ramp)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1525 1536 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1583 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1728 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255w)1844 1536 w
10 I f
(x0 y0 x1 y1)3 451 1 1972 1536 t
10 R f
(] [ [)2 149 1 2448 1536 t
10 I f
(leftcolor)2622 1536 w
10 R f
(])2986 1536 w
10 I f
(rightcolor)3044 1536 w
10 R f
(])3475 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Card)1080 1824 w
10 R f
( The)1 213( pixels equal\) picture on standard output.)6 1682(writes a constant \(all)3 850 3 1318 1824 t
10 I f
(red, green blue)2 623 1 4096 1824 t
10 R f
(and)4752 1824 w
10 I f
(alpha)4929 1824 w
10 R f
(argu\255)5190 1824 w
(ments are numbers between 0 and 255.)6 1567 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(Green)2699 1944 w
10 R f
(and)2975 1944 w
10 I f
(blue)3146 1944 w
10 R f
(default equal to)2 625 1 3345 1944 t
10 I f
(red. Alpha)1 424 1 3997 1944 t
10 R f
( Option)1 329(defaults to 255.)2 623 2 4448 1944 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(specifies the)1 505 1 1234 2064 t
10 CW f
(CHAN=)1773 2064 w
10 R f
( default is)2 412( The)1 214(attribute of the picture file.)4 1109 3 2107 2064 t
10 CW f
(CHAN=m)3877 2064 w
10 R f
(,)4237 2064 w
10 CW f
(CHAN=ma)4297 2064 w
10 R f
(,)4717 2064 w
10 CW f
(CHAN=rgb)4777 2064 w
10 R f
(, or)1 143 1 5257 2064 t
10 CW f
(CHAN=rgba)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(depending on which of)3 918 1 1645 2184 t
10 I f
(red, green blue)2 607 1 2588 2184 t
10 R f
(and)3220 2184 w
10 I f
(alpha)3389 2184 w
10 R f
(are specified.)1 531 1 3642 2184 t
10 I f
(Ramp)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(creates a picture file whose pixel values range from)8 2055 1 1338 2352 t
10 I f
(leftcolor)3418 2352 w
10 R f
(to)3783 2352 w
10 I f
(rightcolor)3887 2352 w
10 R f
(across each scan line, writ\255)4 1081 1 4319 2352 t
(ing on standard output.)3 931 1 1080 2472 t
10 I f
(Leftcolor)2064 2472 w
10 R f
(defaults to 0;)2 528 1 2459 2472 t
10 I f
(rightcolor)3015 2472 w
10 R f
( three arguments are given for)5 1209( If)1 118( 255.)1 202(defaults to)1 422 4 3449 2472 t
10 I f
(leftcolor)1080 2592 w
10 R f
(and)1444 2592 w
10 I f
(rightcolor)1613 2592 w
10 R f
(the output will have)3 797 1 2044 2592 t
10 CW f
(CHAN=rgb)2866 2592 w
10 R f
( it will have)3 475(. Otherwise,)1 510 2 3346 2592 t
10 CW f
(CHAN=m)4356 2592 w
10 R f
(.)4716 2592 w
(Option)1080 2760 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1383 2760 w
10 R f
(causes)1528 2760 w
10 I f
(ramp)1813 2760 w
10 R f
(to make a vertical ramp \()5 1000 1 2049 2760 t
10 I f
(leftcolor)3057 2760 w
10 R f
(at the top,)2 397 1 3421 2760 t
10 I f
(rightcolor)3843 2760 w
10 R f
(at the bottom\).)2 586 1 4274 2760 t
(For both commands, option)3 1127 1 1080 2928 t
10 CW f
(\255w)2239 2928 w
10 R f
( default gives)2 554( The)1 213(specifies the size of the picture.)5 1293 3 2391 2928 t
10 CW f
(WINDOW=0 0 1280)2 916 1 4484 2928 t
(1024)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(.)1320 3048 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3216 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 3336 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 3336 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 459)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.6 \))3 215( CMAP)1 3966(CMAP \( 9.6 \))3 499 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(cmap)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1321 1080 w
10 R f
(color map format)2 693 1 1411 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
(A color map is a 256)5 835 1 1080 1368 t
10 S f
(\264)1915 1368 w
10 R f
( a monochrome picture, pixel values index)6 1700( In)1 133(3\255byte translation table for color values.)5 1597 3 1970 1368 t
(the color map to yield red, green and blue, like this:)10 2064 1 1080 1488 t
10 CW f
(unsigned char cmap[256][3];)2 1620 1 1440 1656 t
(red=cmap[pixel][0];)1440 1776 w
(green=cmap[pixel][1];)1440 1896 w
(blue=cmap[pixel][2];)1440 2016 w
10 R f
(In a full\255color picture, the color map is, in effect, three intensity\255compensation tables:)12 3563 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(cmap[red][0])4680 2184 w
10 R f
(maps red channels,)2 762 1 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
(cmap[green][1])1867 2304 w
10 R f
(maps green channels and)3 1000 1 2732 2304 t
10 CW f
(cmap[blue][2])3757 2304 w
10 R f
(maps blue channels.)2 807 1 4562 2304 t
( 768\255byte file containing the color map, stored in the order implied by the declara\255)14 3342(A colormap file is just a)5 978 2 1080 2472 t
(tion of)1 264 1 1080 2592 t
10 CW f
(cmap)1369 2592 w
10 R f
(above.)1634 2592 w
( 460)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( DROP)1 3983(DROP \( 9.1 \))3 482 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(drop, save, flip)2 599 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1704 1080 w
10 R f
(copy picture files to and from screen)6 1463 1 1794 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/drop)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1525 1368 w
10 I f
(input)1583 1368 w
10 R f
(])1814 1368 w
10 CW f
(fb/save)1080 1536 w
(fb/flip)1080 1704 w
10 R f
([)1525 1704 w
10 CW f
(\255r)1583 1704 w
10 I f
(fps)1728 1704 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1870 1704 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1986 1704 w
10 R f
(] p1 p2 ...)3 383 1 2131 1704 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 I f
(Drop)1080 1992 w
10 R f
( a terminal screen or)4 862(displays its argument picture file \(default standard input\) in the middle of)11 3054 2 1327 1992 t
10 CW f
(8\275)5280 1992 w
10 R f
( bits per pixel, it computes the)6 1256( most Plan 9 terminals are grey\255scale devices with only a few)11 2547(window. As)1 517 3 1080 2112 t
( the pixel values.)3 683(luminance of color images and uses error\255diffusion dither to quantize)9 2773 2 1080 2232 t
10 I f
(Save)4588 2232 w
10 R f
(writes a picfile)2 597 1 4803 2232 t
(containing its window \(or screen if)5 1395 1 1080 2352 t
10 CW f
(8\275)2500 2352 w
10 R f
(is not running\) onto its standard output.)6 1581 1 2645 2352 t
10 I f
(Flip)1080 2520 w
10 R f
( must be the same size, and must fit in mem\255)10 1795( pictures)1 341( The)1 205(displays many picfiles in sequence in a loop.)7 1787 4 1272 2520 t
( and then sent to the display as required using)9 2066( pictures are all loaded into main memory)7 1863(ory. The)1 391 3 1080 2640 t
10 CW f
(wrbitmap)1080 2760 w
10 R f
(\(see)1591 2760 w
10 I f
(balloc)1782 2760 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\), so the machine running)4 1158 1 2040 2760 t
10 I f
(flip)3229 2760 w
10 R f
( if there)2 324(can be remote; a CPU server can be used)8 1682 2 3394 2760 t
( The)1 211(are many large frames.)3 931 2 1080 2880 t
10 CW f
(\255r)2253 2880 w
10 R f
( default)1 308( By)1 173(option sets the display rate in frames per second.)8 1992 3 2404 2880 t
10 I f
(flip)4908 2880 w
10 R f
(displays)5072 2880 w
( The)1 211( small picture on a Magnum.)5 1179(as fast as it can: about 15 frames per second for a)11 2019 3 1080 3000 t
10 CW f
(\255p)4520 3000 w
10 R f
(flag causes a one\255)3 729 1 4671 3000 t
(second pause at the end of the loop.)7 1425 1 1080 3120 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3288 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 3408 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 3408 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 461)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( DUMPPIC)1 3805(DUMPPIC \( 9.1 \))3 660 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(dumppic, face2pic, gif2pic, nasa2pic, pcx2pic, picopic, utah2pic)6 2573 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3678 1080 w
10 R f
(convert other formats to picture files)5 1461 1 3768 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/dumppic)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(input xsize ysize channels)3 1024 1 1705 1368 t
10 CW f
(fb/face2pic)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1765 1536 w
10 I f
(facefile)1823 1536 w
10 R f
(])2142 1536 w
10 CW f
(fb/gif2pic)1080 1704 w
10 I f
(file)1705 1704 w
10 CW f
(fb/nasa2pic)1080 1872 w
10 I f
(file)1765 1872 w
10 CW f
(fb/pcx2pic)1080 2040 w
10 R f
([)1705 2040 w
10 CW f
(\255r)1763 2040 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1908 2040 t
10 I f
(file)2024 2040 w
10 R f
(])2177 2040 w
10 CW f
(fb/picopic)1080 2208 w
10 I f
(red green blue xsize ysize)4 1020 1 1705 2208 t
10 CW f
(fb/utah2pic)1080 2376 w
10 I f
(file)1765 2376 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2544 t
10 I f
(Dumppic)1080 2664 w
10 R f
(copies)1474 2664 w
10 I f
(input)1757 2664 w
10 R f
(to its standard output, adding a)5 1248 1 1991 2664 t
10 CW f
(TYPE=dump)3267 2664 w
10 R f
(picture file header.)2 756 1 3835 2664 t
10 I f
(Xsize)4644 2664 w
10 R f
(and)4883 2664 w
10 I f
(ysize)5056 2664 w
10 R f
(are)5279 2664 w
( picture.)1 329(the width and height of the)5 1089 2 1080 2784 t
10 I f
(Channels)2550 2784 w
10 R f
(is the value of the output's)5 1073 1 2955 2784 t
10 CW f
(CHAN=)4055 2784 w
10 R f
(attribute.)4382 2784 w
10 I f
(Face2pic)4792 2784 w
10 R f
(reads)5190 2784 w
10 I f
(facefile)1080 2904 w
10 R f
( a file in the Usenix face\255saver format, and converts it to)11 2349(\(default standard input\),)2 978 2 1407 2904 t
10 I f
(picfile)4768 2904 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\) for\255)1 374 1 5026 2904 t
(mat, writing the result on standard output.)6 1677 1 1080 3024 t
10 I f
(Picopic)1080 3192 w
10 R f
(creates a)1 355 1 1419 3192 t
10 CW f
(TYPE=pico)1809 3192 w
10 R f
(image from the files)3 837 1 2384 3192 t
10 I f
(red, green)1 420 1 3256 3192 t
10 R f
(and)3711 3192 w
10 I f
(blue)3890 3192 w
10 R f
(which must be raw \(headerless\))4 1303 1 4097 3192 t
(dumps in scanline order of size)5 1245 1 1080 3312 t
10 I f
(xsize)2350 3312 w
10 S f
(\264)2544 3312 w
10 I f
(ysize.)2599 3312 w
(Gif2pic)1080 3480 w
10 R f
( GIF format picture from)4 1010(reads a CompuServ)2 786 2 1407 3480 t
10 I f
(input)3231 3480 w
10 R f
(and converts it to)3 700 1 3465 3480 t
10 I f
(picfile)4193 3480 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\) format, written on)3 949 1 4451 3480 t
(standard output.)1 644 1 1080 3600 t
10 I f
(Nasa2pic)1080 3768 w
10 R f
(reads a NASA satellite image and converts it to)8 1905 1 1484 3768 t
10 I f
(picfile)3415 3768 w
10 R f
( It)1 113(\(9.6\) format, written on standard output.)5 1614 2 3673 3768 t
( images typically have copious annotations in)6 1839( NASA)1 325( single 8\255bit channel.)3 847(can decipher only images with a)5 1309 4 1080 3888 t
(their headers; these are mostly lost.)5 1409 1 1080 4008 t
10 I f
(Utah2pic)1080 4176 w
10 R f
(reads a Utah format image and converts it to)8 1774 1 1477 4176 t
10 I f
(picfile)3276 4176 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\) format, written on standard output.)5 1609 1 3534 4176 t
10 I f
(Pcx2pic)1080 4344 w
10 R f
(reads a Paintbrush PCX format picture from)6 1770 1 1427 4344 t
10 I f
(input)3223 4344 w
10 R f
( and converts it to)4 724(\(or standard input\))2 745 2 3455 4344 t
10 I f
(picfile)4951 4344 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))5209 4344 w
(format, written on standard output.)4 1585 1 1080 4464 t
10 CW f
(TYPE=dump)2762 4464 w
10 R f
(is generated by default; the)4 1269 1 3374 4464 t
10 CW f
(\255r)4715 4464 w
10 R f
(flag selects)1 493 1 4907 4464 t
10 CW f
(TYPE=runcode)1080 4584 w
10 R f
(.)1800 4584 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4752 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 4872 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 4872 w
( 462)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( EXAMINE)1 3790(EXAMINE \( 9.1 \))3 675 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(examine)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1443 1080 w
10 R f
(examine pixel values interactively)3 1367 1 1533 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/examine)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1705 1368 w
10 I f
(input)1763 1368 w
10 R f
(])1994 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Examine)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(displays an approximation of its argument picture file \(default standard input\) in the middle of the)15 3945 1 1455 1656 t
( selects pixels, whose coordinates and values are)7 2017( 1)1 87( Button)1 335(screen or window and waits for mouse input.)7 1881 4 1080 1776 t
( by)1 132( 2 refreshes the display, which can be overwritten)8 2029( Button)1 329(written to standard output.)3 1073 4 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(examine)4675 1896 w
10 R f
('s output.)1 385 1 5015 1896 t
(Button 3 exits.)2 587 1 1080 2016 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2184 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 2304 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2472 t
10 R f
( single\255item menus are)3 931( But)1 203( up menus.)2 452(For compatibility with other programs, buttons 2 and 3 should pop)10 2734 4 1080 2592 t
(silly, and it's too much to have two of them.)9 1769 1 1080 2712 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 463)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( FILTERS)1 3855(FILTERS \( 9.1 \))3 610 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(adapt, ahe, crispen, laplace, edge, edge2, edge3, extremum, median, nonoise, smooth, shadepic)11 3935 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)5053 1080 w
10 R f
(image)5156 1080 w
(neighborhood operators)1 951 1 1080 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(fb/adapt)1080 1488 w
10 R f
([)1585 1488 w
10 I f
(input)1643 1488 w
10 R f
(])1874 1488 w
10 CW f
(fb/ahe)1080 1656 w
10 R f
([)1465 1656 w
10 I f
(input)1523 1656 w
10 R f
(])1754 1656 w
10 CW f
(fb/crispen)1080 1824 w
10 R f
([)1705 1824 w
10 I f
(input)1763 1824 w
10 R f
(])1994 1824 w
10 CW f
(fb/laplace)1080 1992 w
10 R f
([)1705 1992 w
10 I f
(input)1763 1992 w
10 R f
(])1994 1992 w
10 CW f
(fb/edge)1080 2160 w
10 R f
([)1525 2160 w
10 I f
(input)1583 2160 w
10 R f
(])1814 2160 w
10 CW f
(fb/edge2)1080 2328 w
10 R f
([)1585 2328 w
10 I f
(input)1643 2328 w
10 R f
(])1874 2328 w
10 CW f
(fb/edge3)1080 2496 w
10 R f
([)1585 2496 w
10 I f
(input)1643 2496 w
10 R f
(])1874 2496 w
10 CW f
(fb/extremum)1080 2664 w
10 R f
([)1765 2664 w
10 I f
(input)1823 2664 w
10 R f
(])2054 2664 w
10 CW f
(fb/median)1080 2832 w
10 R f
([)1645 2832 w
10 I f
(input)1703 2832 w
10 R f
(])1934 2832 w
10 CW f
(fb/nonoise)1080 3000 w
10 R f
([)1705 3000 w
10 I f
(input)1763 3000 w
10 R f
(])1994 3000 w
10 CW f
(fb/smooth)1080 3168 w
10 R f
([)1645 3168 w
10 I f
(input)1703 3168 w
10 R f
(])1934 3168 w
10 CW f
(fb/shadepic)1080 3336 w
10 R f
([)1765 3336 w
10 CW f
(\255l)1823 3336 w
10 I f
(x y z)2 177 1 1951 3336 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2153 3336 t
10 I f
(input)2269 3336 w
10 R f
(])2500 3336 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 3504 t
10 R f
( programs that compute the pixels of an output image by performing some)12 2993(Gathered here are descriptions of)4 1327 2 1080 3624 t
( program)1 377( Each)1 263( each pixel of their input image \(default standard input\).)9 2361(operation on a neighborhood of)4 1319 4 1080 3744 t
( treating each)2 559( programs process multi\255channel inputs by)5 1751( The)1 215(writes the output image on standard output.)6 1795 4 1080 3864 t
(channel independently.)1 926 1 1080 3984 t
10 I f
(Adapt)1080 4152 w
10 R f
(performs adaptive contrast enhancement by examining the 7)7 2451 1 1350 4152 t
10 S f
(\264)3801 4152 w
10 R f
( each input pixel,)3 709(7 region centered on)3 835 2 3856 4152 t
( send the neighborhood's maximum value to 255)7 2020(remapping the center pixel linearly in a way that would)9 2300 2 1080 4272 t
( pixels in the region have the same)7 1398( avoid divide checks, no mapping is done if all)9 1874( To)1 162(and its minimum to 0.)4 886 4 1080 4392 t
(value.)1080 4512 w
10 I f
(Ahe)1080 4680 w
10 R f
( equalization by examining the 17)5 1367(performs adaptive histogram)2 1150 2 1261 4680 t
10 S f
(\264)3778 4680 w
10 R f
(17 region centered on each input pixel,)6 1567 1 3833 4680 t
( the center pixel. \(It counts \275 for each pixel equal to)11 2109(counting the number of pixels whose value is less than)9 2211 2 1080 4800 t
( pixel values are 255 times the count divided by the window size.)12 2611( Output)1 328(the center value.\))2 689 3 1080 4920 t
10 I f
(Crispen)1080 5088 w
10 R f
( 3)1 83(examines the)1 531 2 1429 5088 t
10 S f
(\264)2043 5088 w
10 R f
(3 region surrounding each input pixel, computing 9 times the center pixel minus)12 3302 1 2098 5088 t
( is a fairly extreme high\255pass filter and sharpens edges substantially.)10 2726( This)1 228(the sum of its eight neighbors.)5 1211 3 1080 5208 t
10 I f
(Laplace)1080 5376 w
10 R f
( This)1 229( the sum of its four vertical and horizontal neighbors.)9 2134(computes 5 times the center pixel minus)6 1610 3 1427 5376 t
(adds a 3)2 327 1 1080 5496 t
10 S f
(\264)1407 5496 w
10 R f
(3 discrete Laplacian to the original image, and is a less extreme high\255pass filter than)14 3358 1 1462 5496 t
10 I f
(crispen.)4845 5496 w
(Edge, edge2)1 507 1 1080 5664 t
10 R f
(and)1627 5664 w
10 I f
(edge3)1811 5664 w
10 R f
(detect edges in various ways.)4 1227 1 2089 5664 t
10 I f
(Edge)3381 5664 w
10 R f
(examines the 3)2 629 1 3626 5664 t
10 S f
(\264)4255 5664 w
10 R f
(3 region surrounding each)3 1090 1 4310 5664 t
(input pixel, outputting 8 times the center value minus the sum of its eight neighbors.)14 3372 1 1080 5784 t
10 I f
(Edge2)1080 5952 w
10 R f
( image's gradient by finite differ\255)5 1383( approximates the)2 728( It)1 120(applies a Sobel operator to the input image.)7 1800 4 1369 5952 t
(ences on a 3)3 490 1 1080 6072 t
10 S f
(\264)1570 6072 w
10 R f
(3 neighborhood, outputting the vector length of the gradient approximation.)9 3028 1 1625 6072 t
10 I f
(Edge3)1080 6240 w
10 R f
( the phase angle of the)5 915( output is roughly)3 718( The)1 208(likewise approximates the gradient of the input image.)7 2196 4 1363 6240 t
(gradient approximation, scaled between 0 and 255.)6 2035 1 1080 6360 t
10 I f
(Extremum)1080 6528 w
10 R f
(examines the 3)2 627 1 1529 6528 t
10 S f
(\264)2156 6528 w
10 R f
( value that differs most)4 981(3 region surrounding each input pixel, outputting the)7 2208 2 2211 6528 t
( case of a tie, the larger candidate is chosen.)9 1753( In)1 133(from the center value.)3 875 3 1080 6648 t
10 I f
(Median)1080 6816 w
10 R f
( of the input image by the median of the 3)10 1766(does noise reduction by replacing each pixel)6 1822 2 1418 6816 t
10 S f
(\264)5006 6816 w
10 R f
(3 region)1 339 1 5061 6816 t
(surrounding it.)1 589 1 1080 6936 t
10 I f
(Nonoise)1080 7104 w
10 R f
( computes the average value of the eight)7 1701( It)1 124(implements the Bayer\255Powell noise reduction filter.)5 2130 3 1445 7104 t
( input image, and substitutes it for the pixel value if the two differ by more)15 3091(neighbors of each pixel of the)5 1229 2 1080 7224 t
( 464)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( FILTERS)1 3855(FILTERS \( 9.1 \))3 610 3 720 480 t
(than 64.)1 322 1 1080 960 t
10 I f
(Smooth)1080 1128 w
10 R f
(low\255pass filters its input image by convolution with a Bartlett window.)10 2830 1 1405 1128 t
10 I f
(Shadepic)1080 1296 w
10 R f
( each pixel it approximates the normal vector to)8 1916( At)1 151( input image as an array of elevations.)7 1526(treats its)1 336 4 1471 1296 t
(the height\255field by finite differences on a 3)7 1738 1 1080 1416 t
10 S f
(\264)2818 1416 w
10 R f
( with the)2 356(3 neighborhood and outputs 255 times its dot product)8 2171 2 2873 1416 t
(unit vector in the light\255source direction specified by option)8 2393 1 1080 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255l)3503 1536 w
10 R f
( is nega\255)2 350( the dot product)3 645( If)1 121(\(default 1,\2551,1\).)1 631 4 3653 1536 t
( computation is just Lambertian diffuse reflection.\))6 2039( \(This)1 261(tive, it is clamped at zero.)5 1029 3 1080 1656 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1824 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 1944 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 1944 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2112 t
10 R f
(There are too many weird wired\255in sizes, like 17)8 1937 1 1080 2232 t
10 S f
(\264)3017 2232 w
10 R f
(17 and 7)2 344 1 3097 2232 t
10 S f
(\264)3441 2232 w
10 R f
(7.)3496 2232 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 465)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( FLOYD)1 3917(FLOYD \( 9.1 \))3 548 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(floyd, halftone, hysteresis)2 1032 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2137 1080 w
10 R f
(create 1\255bit images by dithering)4 1270 1 2227 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/floyd)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1585 1368 w
10 I f
(input)1643 1368 w
10 R f
(])1874 1368 w
10 CW f
(fb/halftone)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(screen)1765 1536 w
10 R f
([)2050 1536 w
10 I f
(input)2108 1536 w
10 R f
(])2339 1536 w
10 CW f
(fb/hysteresis)1080 1704 w
10 I f
(low high)1 348 1 1885 1704 t
10 R f
([)2258 1704 w
10 I f
(input)2316 1704 w
10 R f
(])2547 1704 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 I f
(Floyd)1080 1992 w
10 R f
( it to one bit per pixel using Floyd\255)8 1435(reads a grey\255scale input file \(default standard input\), and reduces)9 2623 2 1342 1992 t
( resulting)1 389( The)1 219(Steinberg error\255diffusion dither, as improved by Ulichney.)6 2419 3 1080 2112 t
10 CW f
(TYPE=bitmap)4146 2112 w
10 R f
(picture file is)2 555 1 4845 2112 t
(written to standard output.)3 1055 1 1080 2232 t
( the random)2 479( As)1 162( diffusion coefficients.)2 903(Ulichney's algorithm involves randomly varying the Floyd\255Steinberg)6 2776 4 1080 2400 t
(number generator is seeded from the clock,)6 1726 1 1080 2520 t
10 I f
(floyd)2831 2520 w
10 R f
(may produce different output if rerun on the same input.)9 2246 1 3056 2520 t
10 I f
(Halftone)1080 2688 w
10 R f
( The)1 214( dither.)1 292(reduces grey\255scale images to one bit per pixel using ordered)9 2469 3 1463 2688 t
10 I f
(screen)4472 2688 w
10 R f
(argument is the)2 634 1 4766 2688 t
(name of a file containing a dither matrix.)7 1636 1 1080 2808 t
10 I f
(Halftone)2766 2808 w
10 R f
(searches for screens in)3 899 1 3141 2808 t
10 CW f
(/lib/fb/screens)4065 2808 w
10 R f
(.)4965 2808 w
10 I f
(Hysteresis)1080 2976 w
10 R f
( value in the input image)5 1026( Any)1 229(creates one\255bit\255per\255pixel images by thresholding with hysteresis.)6 2618 3 1527 2976 t
(less than)1 350 1 1080 3096 t
10 I f
(low)1458 3096 w
10 R f
( input value less than)4 856( Any)1 225(is mapped to zero.)3 741 3 1631 3096 t
10 I f
(high)3481 3096 w
10 R f
(is mapped to zero if any of its eight neigh\255)9 1713 1 3687 3096 t
(bors is less than)3 636 1 1080 3216 t
10 I f
(low.)1741 3216 w
10 R f
(If)1936 3216 w
10 I f
(low)2027 3216 w
10 R f
(and)2197 3216 w
10 I f
(high)2366 3216 w
10 R f
(are equal, this is just an ordinary thresholding operation.)8 2253 1 2569 3216 t
10 I f
(Hysteresis)1080 3384 w
10 R f
(makes a useful edge\255detection operator if used on a high\255pass filtered image.)11 3065 1 1521 3384 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3552 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 3672 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 3672 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3840 t
10 CW f
(/lib/fb/screens/*)1080 3960 w
10 R f
( 466)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.2 \))3 215( GETCMAP)1 3772(GETCMAP \( 9.2 \))3 693 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(getcmap)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1443 1080 w
10 R f
(read a color map from a file)6 1113 1 1533 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <libg.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1368 t
(#include <fb.h>)1 900 1 1080 1536 t
(int getcmap\(char *name, uchar *map\))4 2100 1 1080 1704 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1872 t
10 I f
(Getcmap)1080 1992 w
10 R f
(retrieves the named colormap and stores it in)7 1843 1 1471 1992 t
10 I f
(map.)3346 1992 w
10 R f
(Usually)3575 1992 w
10 I f
(name)3918 1992 w
10 R f
(is the name of a colormap file)6 1234 1 4166 1992 t
(\(see)1080 2112 w
10 I f
(cmap)1306 2112 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\)\) or a picfile with a)5 1158 1 1530 2112 t
10 CW f
(CMAP=)2754 2112 w
10 R f
( found, it is sought in)5 1051( the file is not)4 714(attribute. If)1 515 3 3120 2112 t
10 CW f
(/lib/fb/cmap)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(.)1800 2232 w
(If the)1 213 1 1080 2400 t
10 I f
(file)1318 2400 w
10 R f
(cannot be found, and its name has the form)8 1722 1 1471 2400 t
10 CW f
(gamma)3218 2400 w
10 I f
(number,)3526 2400 w
10 R f
(a colormap is fabricated with all three)6 1519 1 3881 2400 t
(channels of its)2 577 1 1080 2520 t
10 I f
(n)1682 2520 w
10 R f
(th entry set to 255)4 722 1 1740 2520 t
10 S f
(\264)2462 2520 w
10 R f
(\()2517 2520 w
10 I f
(n)2558 2520 w
10 R f
(/255\))2616 2520 w
8 R f
(1/)2827 2470 w
8 I f
(number)2895 2470 w
10 R f
( the name is just)4 650(. If)1 141 2 3147 2520 t
10 CW f
(gamma)3963 2520 w
10 R f
(,)4263 2520 w
10 I f
(number)4313 2520 w
10 R f
(=2.3 is assumed.)2 667 1 4626 2520 t
(There is no)2 449 1 1080 2688 t
10 I f
(putcmap)1554 2688 w
10 R f
(, because)1 365 1 1906 2688 t
10 CW f
(write)2296 2688 w
10 R f
(\(in)2621 2688 w
10 I f
(read)2757 2688 w
10 R f
(\(2\)\) can do the job.)4 762 1 2948 2688 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2856 t
10 I f
(cmap)1080 2976 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\),)1304 2976 w
10 I f
(picfile)1545 2976 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1803 2976 w
10 I f
(rgbpix)2019 2976 w
10 R f
(\(2\))2288 2976 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 467)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.2 \))3 215( GETFLAGS)1 3739(GETFLAGS \( 9.2 \))3 726 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(getflags, usage)1 593 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1698 1080 w
10 R f
(process flag arguments in argv)4 1225 1 1788 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(#include <libg.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1368 t
(#include <fb.h>)1 900 1 1080 1536 t
(int getflags\(int argc, char *argv[], char)5 2460 1 1080 1704 t
(int usage\(char *tail\))2 1260 1 1080 1872 t
(extern char **flag[], cmdline[], *cmdname, *flagset[];)5 3240 1 1080 2040 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2208 t
10 I f
(Getflags)1080 2328 w
10 R f
(digests an argument vector)3 1094 1 1451 2328 t
10 I f
(argv)2577 2328 w
10 R f
( arguments listed in)3 810(, finding flag)2 533 2 2768 2328 t
10 I f
(flags)4144 2328 w
10 R f
(.)4347 2328 w
10 I f
(Flags)4430 2328 w
10 R f
(is a string of flag)4 709 1 4691 2328 t
( A)1 126( and a number is expected to have the given number of parameters.)12 2722( letter followed by a colon)5 1076(letters. A)1 396 4 1080 2448 t
(flag argument starts with `)4 1054 1 1080 2568 t
10 CW f
(\255)2134 2568 w
10 R f
( flag with one or more param\255)6 1203( A)1 123(' and is followed by any number of flag letters.)9 1880 3 2194 2568 t
( any characters follow it, they are the flag's first parameter.)10 2455( If)1 125( be the last flag in an argument.)7 1322(eters must)1 418 4 1080 2688 t
( parameters are taken from subsequent)5 1547( Subsequent)1 513(Otherwise the following argument is the first parameter.)7 2260 3 1080 2808 t
(arguments.)1080 2928 w
(The global array)2 679 1 1080 3096 t
10 I f
(flag)1794 3096 w
10 R f
( if flag)2 288( Thus,)1 286( parameters for each flag found.)5 1328(is set to point to an array of)7 1166 4 1985 3096 t
10 CW f
(\255x)5089 3096 w
10 R f
(was)5245 3096 w
(seen,)1080 3216 w
10 CW f
(flag['x'])1310 3216 w
10 R f
(is non\255zero, and)2 644 1 1878 3216 t
10 CW f
(flag['x'][i])2549 3216 w
10 R f
(is the flag's)2 470 1 3296 3216 t
10 I f
(i)3793 3216 w
10 R f
( flag)1 182( If)1 118(th parameter.)1 528 3 3829 3216 t
10 CW f
(\255x)4684 3216 w
10 R f
(has no param\255)2 569 1 4831 3216 t
(eters)1080 3336 w
10 CW f
(flag['x']==flagset)1300 3336 w
10 R f
( and their parameters are)4 1017( Flags)1 275( found are marked with a zero.)6 1269( not)1 160(. Flags)1 299 5 2380 3336 t
(deleted from)1 507 1 1080 3456 t
10 I f
(argv. Getflags)1 572 1 1612 3456 t
10 R f
(returns the adjusted argument count.)4 1456 1 2209 3456 t
10 I f
(Getflags)1080 3624 w
10 R f
( flags upon encountering a non\255flag argument, or the argument)9 2623(stops scanning for)2 751 2 1456 3624 t
10 CW f
(\255\255)4868 3624 w
10 R f
(, which is)2 412 1 4988 3624 t
(deleted.)1080 3744 w
10 I f
(Getflags)1080 3912 w
10 R f
(places a pointer to)3 762 1 1455 3912 t
10 I f
(argv)2253 3912 w
10 CW f
([0])2444 3912 w
10 R f
(in the external variable)3 950 1 2660 3912 t
10 I f
(cmdname.)3646 3912 w
10 R f
( concatenates the original)3 1053(It also)1 258 2 4089 3912 t
(members of)1 474 1 1080 4032 t
10 I f
(argv)1579 4032 w
10 R f
(, separated by spaces, and places the result in the external array)11 2523 1 1770 4032 t
10 I f
(cmdline)4318 4032 w
10 R f
(.)4642 4032 w
10 I f
(Usage)1080 4200 w
10 R f
( com\255)1 241( The)1 216(constructs a usage message, prints it on the standard error file, and exits with status 1.)15 3573 3 1370 4200 t
(mand name printed is)3 935 1 1080 4320 t
10 I f
(argv)2064 4320 w
10 CW f
([0])2255 4320 w
10 I f
(.)2443 4320 w
10 R f
(Appropriate flag usage syntax is generated from)6 2061 1 2542 4320 t
10 I f
(flags)4651 4320 w
10 R f
( an aid,)2 337(. As)1 209 2 4854 4320 t
( flag parameters may be included in)6 1460(explanatory information about)2 1223 2 1080 4440 t
10 I f
(flags)3793 4440 w
10 R f
(in square brackets as in the exam\255)6 1382 1 4018 4440 t
(ple.)1080 4560 w
10 I f
(Tail)1284 4560 w
10 R f
( If)1 123(is printed at the end of the message.)7 1480 2 1478 4560 t
10 I f
(getflags)3113 4560 w
10 R f
( error,)1 249(encountered an)1 613 2 3462 4560 t
10 I f
(usage)4355 4560 w
10 R f
(tries to indicate the)3 781 1 4619 4560 t
(cause.)1080 4680 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 4848 t
10 CW f
(main\(int argc, char *argv[]\){)3 1740 1 1440 4968 t
(if\(\(argc=getflags\(argc, argv, "vinclbhse:1[expr]", 1\)\)==\2551\))3 3540 1 1800 5088 t
(usage\("[file ...]"\);)1 1200 1 2160 5208 t
(})1440 5328 w
10 R f
(might print:)1 476 1 1080 5448 t
10 CW f
(Illegal flag \255u)2 900 1 1440 5568 t
(Usage: grep [\255vinclbhs] [\255e expr] [file ...])6 2640 1 1440 5688 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5856 t
10 I f
(ARG)1080 5976 w
10 R f
(\(2\))1282 5976 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 6144 t
10 I f
(Getflags)1080 6264 w
10 R f
(returns)1449 6264 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1756 6264 w
10 R f
( error: a syntax error in)5 952(1 on)1 180 2 1821 6264 t
10 I f
(flags,)2984 6264 w
10 R f
(setting a flag more than once, setting a flag not men\255)10 2165 1 3235 6264 t
(tioned in)1 353 1 1080 6384 t
10 I f
(flags)1458 6384 w
10 R f
(, or running out of argv while collecting a flag's parameters.)10 2406 1 1661 6384 t
( 468)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( HE)1 4117(HE \( 9.1 \))3 348 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(he)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1199 1080 w
10 R f
(histogram equalization)1 913 1 1289 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/he)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 I f
(input)1463 1368 w
10 R f
(])1694 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(He)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(reads a picture file \(default standard input\) and maps its pixel values monotonically to make their his\255)16 4173 1 1227 1656 t
( resulting picture file is written to standard output.)8 2007( The)1 205(togram as even as possible.)4 1090 3 1080 1776 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1944 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 2064 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 469)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( HED)1 4045(HED \( 9.1 \))3 420 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(hed, nohed)1 438 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1543 1080 w
10 R f
(edit or remove picture file header)5 1332 1 1633 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/hed)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1465 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255n)1523 1368 w
10 R f
(])1668 1368 w
10 I f
(script input)1 459 1 1726 1368 t
10 CW f
(fb/nohed)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(input)1585 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Hed)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(runs)1272 1824 w
10 I f
(sed)1471 1824 w
10 R f
(\(1\) with the given)3 719 1 1612 1824 t
10 I f
(script)2358 1824 w
10 R f
( resulting picture file is written)5 1245( The)1 207(on the input picture file's header.)5 1335 3 2613 1824 t
(on standard output.)2 769 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(Nohed)1080 2112 w
10 R f
(removes the)1 517 1 1398 2112 t
10 I f
(picfile)1972 2112 w
10 R f
( for turning a)3 623( is useful mostly)3 755( This)1 260(\(9.6\) header from the input image.)5 1532 4 2230 2112 t
10 CW f
(TYPE=dump)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(image into a raw bitmap dump.)5 1249 1 1645 2232 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2400 t
10 I f
(sed)1080 2520 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1221 2520 w
10 I f
(picfile)1387 2520 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1645 2520 w
( 470)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( LAM)1 4028(LAM \( 9.1 \))3 437 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(lam, posit, piccat, picjoin)3 1011 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2116 1080 w
10 R f
(combine several images)2 959 1 2206 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/lam)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(input ...)1 306 1 1465 1368 t
10 CW f
(fb/posit)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(input ...)1 306 1 1585 1536 t
10 CW f
(fb/piccat)1080 1704 w
10 I f
(input ...)1 306 1 1645 1704 t
10 CW f
(fb/picjoin)1080 1872 w
10 I f
(input ...)1 306 1 1705 1872 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2040 t
10 I f
(Lam)1080 2160 w
10 R f
( The)1 210(overlays \(``laminates''\) several picture files, writing the resulting picture file to standard output.)12 3903 2 1287 2160 t
(output)1080 2280 w
10 CW f
(WINDOW=)1368 2280 w
10 R f
( pixel of)2 345( Each)1 255( the smallest rectangle that contains all of the input rectangles.)10 2548(attribute is)1 432 4 1820 2280 t
( pixels)1 270( Output)1 334( image takes its value from the last\255mentioned input image that covers that pixel.)13 3308(the output)1 408 4 1080 2400 t
(not covered by any input image are set to zero.)9 1868 1 1080 2520 t
10 I f
(Posit)1080 2688 w
10 R f
( compositing the corresponding input)4 1538(performs similarly, except that output pixels are computed by)8 2541 2 1321 2688 t
(pixels, with later input pictures)4 1249 1 1080 2808 t
10 CW f
(over)2356 2808 w
10 R f
( the input images have no)5 1029( If)1 117(earlier ones.)1 488 3 2623 2808 t
10 I f
(alpha)4283 2808 w
10 R f
(channel,)4537 2808 w
10 I f
(posit)4898 2808 w
10 R f
(has the)1 281 1 5119 2808 t
(same effect as)2 564 1 1080 2928 t
10 I f
(lam.)1669 2928 w
(Piccat)1080 3096 w
10 R f
( The)1 215( result to standard output.)4 1059(concatenates a list of picture files, each above the next, writing the)11 2757 3 1369 3096 t
( any of the input pictures are more narrow)8 1687( If)1 117( the widest input picture.)4 995(width of the output file will be that of)8 1521 4 1080 3216 t
(than that, the space to their right will be zero in the output picture.)13 2644 1 1080 3336 t
10 I f
(Picjoin)1080 3504 w
10 R f
(is similar, but joins the pictures left\255to right.)7 1764 1 1394 3504 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3672 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 3792 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\), Thomas Porter and Tom Duff, ``Compositing Digital Images,'')8 2849 1 1338 3792 t
10 I f
(Computer Graphics,)1 832 1 4222 3792 t
10 R f
(Vol 18,)1 311 1 5089 3792 t
(No. 3 \(1984\), pp. 253\255259)4 1046 1 1080 3912 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4080 t
10 R f
(All pictures must have identical)4 1271 1 1080 4200 t
10 CW f
(CHAN=)2376 4200 w
10 R f
(attributes.)2701 4200 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 471)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( LERP)1 4005(LERP \( 9.1 \))3 460 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(lerp)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1260 1080 w
10 R f
(linear combinations of images)3 1207 1 1350 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/lerp)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(file fraction ...)2 570 1 1525 1368 t
10 R f
([)2120 1368 w
10 I f
(file)2178 1368 w
10 R f
(])2331 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Lerp)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( input file name is followed by a)7 1359( Each)1 258( images.)1 342(computes a linear combination of a number of input)8 2139 4 1302 1656 t
( may be omitted,)3 681( fraction after the last image)5 1142( The)1 209(floating\255point fraction by which to scale its pixel values.)8 2288 4 1080 1776 t
( standard out\255)2 555( result image is written to)5 1029( The)1 207(in which case one minus the sum of the other fractions is used.)12 2529 4 1080 1896 t
(put.)1080 2016 w
( pixel values that fall)4 842( Output)1 329( larger than one.)3 651(Nothing prevents the fractions from being smaller than zero or)9 2498 4 1080 2184 t
(below zero or above 255 are clamped.)6 1520 1 1080 2304 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2472 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 2592 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 2592 w
( 472)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( LOGO)1 3973(LOGO \( 9.1 \))3 492 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(logo)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1283 1080 w
10 R f
(convert image into an AT&T logo)5 1368 1 1373 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/logo)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1525 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255dl)1583 1368 w
10 R f
(])1788 1368 w
10 I f
(height)1846 1368 w
10 R f
([)2121 1368 w
10 I f
(file)2179 1368 w
10 R f
(])2332 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Logo)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(converts the input image into a simulacrum of the AT&T logo.)10 2572 1 1317 1656 t
10 I f
(Height)3945 1656 w
10 R f
( height in pixels of the)5 932(is the)1 220 2 4248 1656 t
( result image is written to standard output.)7 1688( The)1 205(logo's stripes.)1 561 3 1080 1776 t
(Option)1080 1944 w
10 CW f
(\255d)1383 1944 w
10 R f
(makes the background dark \(the default\);)5 1643 1 1528 1944 t
10 CW f
(\255l)3196 1944 w
10 R f
(makes the background light.)3 1132 1 3341 1944 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2112 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 2232 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 473)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( LUM)1 4028(LUM \( 9.1 \))3 437 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(lum)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1261 1080 w
10 R f
(compute luminance)1 785 1 1351 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/lum)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1465 1368 w
10 I f
(input)1523 1368 w
10 R f
(])1754 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Lum)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( the input picture using the NTSC formula)7 1740(computes the luminance of)3 1097 2 1289 1656 t
10 I f
(L=.299R+.587G+.114B.)4158 1656 w
10 R f
(Pixel)5194 1656 w
( resulting image is written to standard)6 1534( The)1 209( if any.)2 288(values are mapped through the input image's color map,)8 2289 4 1080 1776 t
(output.)1080 1896 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2064 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 2184 w
( 474)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( MOTO)1 3956(MOTO \( 9.1 \))3 509 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(moto)1080 1080 w
10 S f
(-)1311 1080 w
10 R f
(create animation scripts)2 948 1 1391 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/moto)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1525 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255f)1583 1368 w
10 I f
(start end)1 353 1 1711 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2089 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255s)2205 1368 w
10 I f
(skip)2333 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2519 1368 t
10 I f
(file)2635 1368 w
10 R f
([)2788 1368 w
10 I f
(arg ...)1 239 1 2846 1368 t
10 R f
(] ])1 91 1 3110 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Moto)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( of the ani\255)3 444( input is a concise description)5 1195( Its)1 152(is a command generator tailored for an animator's needs.)8 2291 4 1318 1656 t
( suitable for input to)4 831(mation to be produced; its output is a command file)9 2117 2 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(rc)4058 1776 w
10 R f
(or some other command inter\255)4 1229 1 4171 1776 t
( a)1 74( arguments are an optional file name containing)7 1933(preter. Its)1 411 3 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(moto)3528 1896 w
10 R f
(program \(default standard input\) and list)5 1642 1 3758 1896 t
(of numeric parameters that are made available to the program.)9 2482 1 1080 2016 t
(A)1080 2184 w
10 I f
(moto)1180 2184 w
10 R f
( may con\255)2 407( Groups)1 348( a range of frames.)4 760(program consists of a list of groups of commands guarded by)10 2477 4 1408 2184 t
( in brackets)2 484(tain parameter ranges enclosed)3 1271 2 1080 2304 t
10 CW f
([].)2872 2304 w
10 R f
(For each frame,)2 652 1 3114 2304 t
10 I f
(moto)3803 2304 w
10 R f
(checks each group and processes)4 1360 1 4040 2304 t
(those whose guards include the current frame number:)7 2170 1 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
( 128)1 240(1,6: clr)1 540 2 1440 2544 t
( \255w [0,30] [0,30] [100,130] [100,130])5 2220(1,4: clr)1 540 2 1440 2664 t
( \255w [100,70] [100,70] [130,100] [130,100] 255)6 2700(3,6: clr)1 540 2 1440 2784 t
10 R f
(This generates)1 579 1 1080 2904 t
10 CW f
(clr 128)1 420 1 1440 3024 t
(clr \255w 0 0 100 100)5 1080 1 1440 3144 t
(clr 128)1 420 1 1440 3264 t
(clr \255w 10 10 110 110)5 1200 1 1440 3384 t
(clr 128)1 420 1 1440 3504 t
(clr \255w 20 20 120 120)5 1200 1 1440 3624 t
(clr \255w 100 100 130 130 255)6 1560 1 1440 3744 t
(clr 128)1 420 1 1440 3864 t
(clr \255w 30 30 130 130)5 1200 1 1440 3984 t
(clr \255w 90 90 120 120 255)6 1440 1 1440 4104 t
(clr 128)1 420 1 1440 4224 t
(clr \255w 80 80 110 110 255)6 1440 1 1440 4344 t
(clr 128)1 420 1 1440 4464 t
(clr \255w 70 70 100 100 255)6 1440 1 1440 4584 t
10 R f
(Two special guards,)2 803 1 1080 4752 t
10 CW f
(BEGIN)1909 4752 w
10 R f
(and)2235 4752 w
10 CW f
(END)2405 4752 w
10 R f
( before and after processing frames.)5 1438(, specify actions to be taken)5 1114 2 2585 4752 t
10 I f
(Moto)5189 4752 w
10 R f
(allows complex computations inside parameter brackets:)5 2266 1 1080 4872 t
10 CW f
(1,10: clr [127.5*\(1\255cos\([0,360]\)\)])2 2040 1 1440 4992 t
10 R f
(This generates)1 579 1 1080 5112 t
10 CW f
(clr 0)1 300 1 1440 5232 t
(clr 29.82933350233)1 1080 1 1440 5352 t
(clr 105.35985734747)1 1140 1 1440 5472 t
(clr 191.25)1 600 1 1440 5592 t
(clr 247.3108091502)1 1080 1 1440 5712 t
(clr 247.3108091502)1 1080 1 1440 5832 t
(clr 191.25)1 600 1 1440 5952 t
(clr 105.35985734747)1 1140 1 1440 6072 t
(clr 29.82933350233)1 1080 1 1440 6192 t
(clr 0)1 300 1 1440 6312 t
10 R f
( values are double\255precision floating point numbers.)6 2125( All)1 185(Expressions may include constants and variables.)5 2010 3 1080 6480 t
(The operators)1 556 1 1080 6600 t
10 CW f
(=)1666 6600 w
10 R f
(,)1726 6600 w
10 CW f
(/)1781 6600 w
10 R f
(,)1841 6600 w
10 CW f
(+)1895 6600 w
10 R f
(,)1955 6600 w
10 CW f
(\255)2009 6600 w
10 R f
(\(both unary and binary\),)3 982 1 2098 6600 t
10 CW f
(<)3109 6600 w
10 R f
(,)3169 6600 w
10 CW f
(>)3223 6600 w
10 R f
(,)3283 6600 w
10 CW f
(<=)3337 6600 w
10 R f
(,)3457 6600 w
10 CW f
(>=)3511 6600 w
10 R f
(,)3631 6600 w
10 CW f
(==)3685 6600 w
10 R f
(,)3805 6600 w
10 CW f
(!=)3859 6600 w
10 R f
(,)3979 6600 w
10 CW f
(?:)4033 6600 w
10 R f
(and)4182 6600 w
10 CW f
(!)4355 6600 w
10 R f
(, all with their meanings)4 985 1 4415 6600 t
( that all results are coerced to)6 1241(as in C, except)3 621 2 1080 6720 t
10 CW f
(double)2979 6720 w
10 R f
( result of)2 379(. The)1 242 2 3339 6720 t
10 CW f
(a%b)3997 6720 w
10 R f
(is)4214 6720 w
10 CW f
(a\255b*\(int\)\(a/b\))4318 6720 w
10 R f
(. The)1 242 1 5158 6720 t
(result of)1 339 1 1080 6840 t
10 CW f
(a&&b)1453 6840 w
10 R f
(is)1727 6840 w
10 CW f
(a?b:a)1827 6840 w
10 R f
( result of)2 371(. The)1 238 2 2127 6840 t
10 CW f
(a||b)2769 6840 w
10 R f
(is)3042 6840 w
10 CW f
(a?a:b)3142 6840 w
10 R f
( exponentiation operator is)3 1092(. The)1 238 2 3442 6840 t
10 CW f
(^)4805 6840 w
10 R f
(, also written)2 535 1 4865 6840 t
10 CW f
(**)1080 6960 w
10 R f
( expression)1 456(. The)1 234 2 1200 6960 t
10 CW f
([a,b])1919 6960 w
10 R f
(varies from)1 461 1 2248 6960 t
10 CW f
(a)2738 6960 w
10 R f
(to)2827 6960 w
10 CW f
(b)2934 6960 w
10 R f
( the guards of)3 561(, linearly as the frame number varies between)7 1845 2 2994 6960 t
( expression)1 466( The)1 219(the group containing the expression.)4 1507 3 1080 7080 t
10 CW f
(a[b,c])3311 7080 w
10 R f
(has the value)2 549 1 3710 7080 t
10 CW f
(a*b+\(1\255a\)*c)4298 7080 w
10 R f
( value)1 254(. Its)1 188 2 4958 7080 t
(varies from)1 459 1 1080 7200 t
10 CW f
(b)1566 7200 w
10 R f
(to)1653 7200 w
10 CW f
(c)1758 7200 w
10 R f
(as)1845 7200 w
10 CW f
(a)1955 7200 w
10 R f
( expression)1 454( The)1 207(varies from 0 to 1.)4 743 3 2042 7200 t
10 CW f
($)3473 7200 w
10 I f
(i)3541 7200 w
10 R f
( of the)2 261(has the value)2 525 2 3596 7200 t
10 I f
(i)4410 7200 w
10 R f
('th parameter following)2 954 1 4446 7200 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 475)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( MOTO)1 3956(MOTO \( 9.1 \))3 509 3 720 480 t
(the file name on)3 646 1 1080 960 t
10 I f
(moto)1751 960 w
10 R f
('s command line.)2 691 1 1959 960 t
(The precedence of operators is, from lowest to highest:)8 2198 1 1080 1128 t
10 CW f
(=)1440 1248 w
(? :)1 180 1 1440 1368 t
(||)1440 1488 w
(&&)1440 1608 w
(< <= == != > >=)5 900 1 1440 1728 t
(+ \255)1 180 1 1440 1848 t
(* / %)2 300 1 1440 1968 t
([ ])1 180 1 1440 2088 t
(^ **)1 240 1 1440 2208 t
(\255)1440 2328 w
10 R f
(\(unary\))1560 2328 w
10 CW f
(! $)1 180 1 1913 2328 t
10 R f
(Expressions may be parenthesized to alter precedence.)6 2174 1 1080 2448 t
(The following math functions are available:)5 1750 1 1080 2616 t
10 CW f
(fabs floor ceil sqrt hypot sin cos tan gamma)8 2640 1 1440 2736 t
(asin acos atan exp log log10 sinh cosh tanh)8 2580 1 1440 2856 t
10 R f
(All math functions are as described in the C library, except that angles are measured in degrees rather than)18 4320 1 1080 2976 t
( addition)1 356( In)1 136( trig and inverse trig functions.)5 1247(radians for the)2 584 4 1080 3096 t
10 CW f
(hypot)3431 3096 w
10 R f
(may have two or three arguments,)5 1373 1 3759 3096 t
10 CW f
(atan)5160 3096 w
10 R f
(may take two arguments instead of one, and may also be spelled)11 2568 1 1080 3216 t
10 CW f
(atan2)3673 3216 w
10 R f
(.)3973 3216 w
(For parameterization, and to allow even more complex computations,)8 2843 1 1080 3384 t
10 I f
(moto)3956 3384 w
10 R f
(has variables, assignment and)3 1211 1 4189 3384 t
( to be)2 224( computation group causes no output; rather its body is a group of expressions)13 3148( A)1 124(computation groups.)1 824 4 1080 3504 t
( by having a double colon sepa\255)6 1306( is distinguished from a command group)6 1646( It)1 116(evaluated for their side effects.)4 1252 4 1080 3624 t
(rating the guard and body:)4 1054 1 1080 3744 t
10 CW f
(BEGIN:: n=5)1 900 1 1440 3864 t
(1,n:: x=512*sin\([0,90]\))1 1380 1 1440 3984 t
( \255w 0 0 [x] 488 pic.[1,n] %0)7 1680(1,n: pcp)1 540 2 1440 4104 t
10 R f
(This generates)1 579 1 1080 4224 t
10 CW f
(pcp \255w 0 0 0 488 pic.1 %0)7 1500 1 1440 4344 t
(pcp \255w 0 0 195.93391737093 488 pic.2 %0)7 2340 1 1440 4464 t
(pcp \255w 0 0 362.03867196751 488 pic.3 %0)7 2340 1 1440 4584 t
(pcp \255w 0 0 473.02632064578 488 pic.4 %0)7 2340 1 1440 4704 t
(pcp \255w 0 0 512 488 pic.5 %0)7 1620 1 1440 4824 t
10 R f
(Upon occasion it is useful to split)6 1369 1 1080 4992 t
10 I f
(moto)2479 4992 w
10 R f
( group that is)3 540( A)1 127('s output into several files, under program control.)7 2046 3 2687 4992 t
(separated from its guards by an at\255sign)6 1565 1 1080 5112 t
10 CW f
(@)2673 5112 w
10 R f
( into which subsequent output is to)6 1407(instead of a colon names a file)6 1232 2 2761 5112 t
( example,)1 388( For)1 189(be written.)1 427 3 1080 5232 t
10 CW f
(1,5@ file.[1,5])1 960 1 1440 5352 t
( is file.[1,5].)2 900(1,5: This)1 600 2 1440 5472 t
10 R f
(creates 5 files, with names)4 1056 1 1080 5592 t
10 CW f
(file.1)2161 5592 w
10 R f
(, ...,)1 150 1 2521 5592 t
10 CW f
(file.5)2696 5592 w
10 R f
( file's contents will announce its name.)6 1562(. Each)1 274 2 3056 5592 t
(As is true for all sufficiently large programs,)7 1787 1 1080 5760 t
10 I f
(moto)2893 5760 w
10 R f
( from its guards by)4 763( group separated)2 661( A)1 123(has a shell escape.)3 734 4 3119 5760 t
(an exclamation point)2 838 1 1080 5880 t
10 CW f
(!)1943 5880 w
10 R f
(instead of a colon has its result text interpreted by a subshell.)11 2436 1 2028 5880 t
( 476)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( MUGS)1 3961(MUGS \( 9.1 \))3 504 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(mugs)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1322 1080 w
10 R f
(make face icons from pictures)4 1202 1 1437 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(mugs)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255a)1403 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1548 1368 t
10 CW f
(\2551)1664 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1809 1368 t
10 CW f
(\2552)1925 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2070 1368 t
10 I f
(file)2186 1368 w
10 R f
(])2339 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Mugs)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( form of)2 329(interactively converts grey\255scale images in the)5 1854 2 1327 1656 t
10 I f
(picfile)3536 1656 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\) into 48)2 499 1 3794 1656 t
10 S f
(\264)4293 1656 w
10 R f
( is designed to)3 578( It)1 112(48 icons.)1 362 3 4348 1656 t
(run in a pipe, reading the picture from standard input unless a single)12 2733 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(file)3839 1776 w
10 R f
( the call.)2 341(is given on)2 441 2 3993 1776 t
10 I f
(Mugs)4825 1776 w
10 R f
(displays)5072 1776 w
( a matrix of 48)4 628(a large approximation to the original picture and)7 1996 2 1080 1896 t
10 S f
(\264)3704 1896 w
10 R f
(48 icons of varying contrast and bright\255)6 1641 1 3759 1896 t
( 2 offers the menu entries:)5 1045( Button)1 323( 1 selects one of the icons.)6 1051(ness. Button)1 520 4 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(in)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(Zoom in to a finer contrast/brightness range around the selected icon. Repeated)11 3221 1 1440 2184 t
10 CW f
(in)4692 2184 w
10 R f
(s will zoom in)3 588 1 4812 2184 t
(farther.)1440 2304 w
10 CW f
(out)1080 2472 w
10 R f
(Opposite of)1 469 1 1440 2472 t
10 CW f
(in)1934 2472 w
10 R f
(.)2054 2472 w
10 CW f
(reset)1080 2640 w
10 R f
(Set the brightness/contrast range to the maximum.)6 2007 1 1440 2640 t
(Both)1080 2808 w
10 CW f
(in)1309 2808 w
10 R f
(and)1463 2808 w
10 CW f
(out)1641 2808 w
10 R f
( 3 presents a menu)4 783( Button)1 333( in the selected icon.)4 858(preserve the brightness/contrast values)3 1571 4 1855 2808 t
(with entries:)1 497 1 1080 2928 t
10 CW f
(window)1080 3096 w
10 R f
( down at the top and center of)7 1238( Touch)1 312( the large picture using button 3.)6 1338(Select a square window in)4 1072 4 1440 3216 t
( cropped icons will be displayed.)5 1315( Appropriately)1 610(the square and slide around to adjust its size.)8 1784 3 1440 3336 t
10 CW f
(depth)1080 3504 w
10 R f
(Toggle between 1\255 and 2\255bit deep icons.)6 1605 1 1440 3504 t
10 CW f
(write)1080 3672 w
10 R f
( write produces 48 lines of text suitable for initial\255)9 2015( Each)1 250(Write the selected icon to standard output.)6 1695 3 1440 3672 t
( line; 2\255bit depths are written as three)7 1496( deep icons produce three shorts per)6 1447( 1\255bit)1 241(izing an array in C.)4 776 4 1440 3792 t
(longs per line.)2 569 1 1440 3912 t
10 CW f
(abort)1080 4080 w
10 R f
(Terminate)1440 4080 w
10 I f
(mugs)1875 4080 w
10 R f
(with a non\255blank error return.)4 1183 1 2111 4080 t
10 CW f
(finish)1080 4248 w
10 R f
(Terminate with a null status return.)5 1404 1 1440 4368 t
(Option)1080 4536 w
10 CW f
(\255a)1390 4536 w
10 R f
( have non\255square pixels with aspect ratio 1.25, as produced by some)11 2808(indicates that picture files)3 1050 2 1542 4536 t
( pixels are assumed to be square.)6 1329( Normally)1 436(frame grabbers.)1 628 3 1080 4656 t
10 CW f
(\2551)3526 4656 w
10 R f
(and)3674 4656 w
10 CW f
(\2552)3845 4656 w
10 R f
(select the initial depth of the icons.)6 1408 1 3992 4656 t
10 CW f
(\2552)1080 4776 w
10 R f
(is default.)1 394 1 1225 4776 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4944 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 5064 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 5064 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5232 t
10 R f
(Preservation of the selected icon through an)6 1752 1 1080 5352 t
10 CW f
(out)2857 5352 w
10 R f
(operation leads to strained ranges.)4 1361 1 3062 5352 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 477)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( PCP)1 4071(PCP \( 9.1 \))3 394 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(pcp)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1249 1080 w
10 R f
(copy pictures)1 535 1 1339 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/pcp)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1465 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255w)1523 1368 w
10 I f
(x0 y0 x1 y1)3 451 1 1651 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2127 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255o)2243 1368 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 2371 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2509 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255t)2625 1368 w
10 I f
(type)2753 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2944 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255c)3060 1368 w
10 I f
(channels)3188 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3568 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255C)3684 1368 w
10 I f
(channels)3812 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 4192 1368 t
10 I f
(input)4308 1368 w
10 R f
([)4539 1368 w
10 I f
(output)4597 1368 w
10 R f
(] ])1 91 1 4878 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Pcp)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( Options)1 377(copies the input picture \(default standard input\) to the output file \(default standard output\).)13 3753 2 1270 1656 t
(control the attributes and content of the output picture.)8 2178 1 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255w)1080 1944 w
10 I f
(x0 y0 x1 y1)3 451 1 1233 1944 t
10 R f
( default the whole picture is)5 1157( By)1 176( given window of the input picture to be copied.)9 2001(causes only the)2 626 4 1440 2064 t
(copied.)1440 2184 w
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 2352 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 1233 2352 t
10 R f
(causes the output picture's)3 1083 1 1440 2352 t
10 CW f
(WINDOW=)2555 2352 w
10 R f
( translated by adding \()4 925(attribute to be)2 569 2 3007 2352 t
10 I f
(x)4509 2352 w
10 R f
(,)4561 2352 w
10 I f
(y)4594 2352 w
10 R f
(\) to the input win\255)4 754 1 4646 2352 t
(dow coordinates.)1 682 1 1440 2472 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 2640 w
10 I f
(type)1233 2640 w
10 R f
(sets the)1 297 1 1440 2640 t
10 CW f
(TYPE=)1762 2640 w
10 R f
( default is to use the input file's type.)8 1485( The)1 205(attribute of the output file.)4 1052 3 2087 2640 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 2808 w
10 I f
(channels)1233 2808 w
10 R f
( copy all chan\255)3 611( default is to)3 515( The)1 211(causes only the given channels of the input picture to be copied.)11 2623 4 1440 2928 t
( the input picture are specified, they are computed in the ``most)11 2655( channels not present in)4 991(nels. If)1 314 3 1440 3048 t
( example, a missing)3 794( For)1 189(plausible'' way.)1 643 3 1440 3168 t
10 I f
(alpha)3091 3168 w
10 R f
( set to 255, and an)5 732(channel is)1 402 2 3344 3168 t
10 CW f
(m)4504 3168 w
10 R f
(channel will be syn\255)3 810 1 4590 3168 t
(thesized from)1 548 1 1440 3288 t
10 CW f
(rgb)2015 3288 w
10 R f
( A)1 124(channels by computing NTSC luminance.)4 1682 2 2222 3288 t
10 CW f
(0)4055 3288 w
10 R f
(in)4141 3288 w
10 I f
(channels)4245 3288 w
10 R f
(causes a zero chan\255)3 774 1 4626 3288 t
(nel to be written.)3 677 1 1440 3408 t
10 CW f
(\255C)1080 3576 w
10 I f
(channels)1233 3576 w
10 R f
(sets the output)2 580 1 1440 3696 t
10 CW f
(CHAN=)2046 3696 w
10 R f
(attribute.)2372 3696 w
10 I f
(Channels)2781 3696 w
10 R f
( the same length as the selected channels of the)9 1900(must be)1 315 2 3185 3696 t
(input picture.)1 533 1 1440 3816 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3984 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 4104 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 4104 w
( 478)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( PIC2PS)1 3932(PIC2PS \( 9.1 \))3 533 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(pic2ps)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1366 1080 w
10 R f
(convert picture file into postscript language)5 1739 1 1456 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/pic2ps)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1645 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255h)1703 1368 w
10 I f
(height)1848 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2123 1368 t
10 I f
(input)2239 1368 w
10 R f
(])2470 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Pic2ps)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(converts its input image \(default standard input\) into encapsulated Postscript, writing the result to)13 4014 1 1386 1656 t
( Option)1 330( the input image is full\255color, its luminance is computed first.)10 2469( If)1 118(standard output.)1 647 4 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255h)4671 1776 w
10 R f
(sets the output)2 582 1 4818 1776 t
( of the)2 269( default height is 3", to match the default height)9 1960( The)1 211(image height in inches.)3 945 4 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(.BP)4497 1896 w
10 R f
(macro in)1 359 1 4709 1896 t
10 CW f
(troff)5100 1896 w
(\255mpictures)1080 2016 w
10 R f
(.)1680 2016 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2184 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\),)1338 2304 w
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/tmac/tmac.pictures)1579 2304 w
10 R f
(, the troff Postscript inclusion macros.)5 1524 1 3199 2304 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 479)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.6 \))3 215( PICFILE)1 3883(PICFILE \( 9.6 \))3 582 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(picfile)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1360 1080 w
10 R f
(raster graphic image format)3 1105 1 1450 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
( A)1 142( images represented as two\255dimensional arrays of multiple\255channel pixels.)8 3124(Files in this format store)4 1054 3 1080 1368 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 1488 w
10 R f
( The)1 212( the pixels in row\255major order.)5 1255(consists of an textual header followed by binary data encoding)9 2570 3 1363 1488 t
( line)1 176( header)1 290( Each)1 249(header is a list of attribute/value pairs separated by newlines, terminated by an empty line.)14 3605 4 1080 1608 t
(has the form)2 503 1 1080 1728 t
10 I f
(name)1610 1728 w
10 CW f
(=)1834 1728 w
10 I f
(value.)1902 1728 w
10 R f
(The name may not contain an)5 1194 1 2195 1728 t
9 R f
(ASCII NUL,)1 468 1 3414 1728 t
10 R f
(newline or)1 426 1 3909 1728 t
10 CW f
(=)4362 1728 w
10 R f
(; the value may not con\255)5 978 1 4422 1728 t
( last line of a header is empty.)7 1198( The)1 205(tain NUL or newline.)3 854 3 1080 1848 t
(The standard attributes are described below; all but)7 2127 1 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(TYPE)3244 2016 w
10 R f
(and)3521 2016 w
10 CW f
(WINDOW)3702 2016 w
10 R f
(are optional.)1 511 1 4099 2016 t
10 CW f
(TYPE)4673 2016 w
10 R f
(must come)1 449 1 4951 2016 t
( is passed over uninterpreted by all stan\255)7 1653( any unrecognized attribute)3 1110( As)1 168(first; otherwise order is irrelevant.)4 1389 4 1080 2136 t
(dard software, applications are welcome to include arbitrary annotations, like)9 3085 1 1080 2256 t
10 CW f
(SHOESIZE=10)4190 2256 w
10 R f
(, if they wish.)3 547 1 4850 2256 t
10 CW f
(TYPE=)1080 2424 w
10 I f
(type)1388 2424 w
10 R f
( types are)2 382( Standard)1 405(How the pixels are encoded.)4 1133 3 1440 2544 t
10 CW f
(runcode)1440 2664 w
10 R f
( data are a sequence of \()6 1070( The)1 222(A run\255length encoding.)2 963 3 1980 2664 t
10 I f
(nchan)4243 2664 w
10 R f
(+1\)\255byte records each)2 905 1 4495 2664 t
(containing a count)2 750 1 1980 2784 t
10 I f
(k)2761 2784 w
10 R f
(and)2836 2784 w
10 I f
(nchan)3011 2784 w
10 R f
(bytes giving a pixel value to be repeated)7 1653 1 3286 2784 t
10 I f
(k)4970 2784 w
10 R f
(+1 times.)1 378 1 5022 2784 t
(A run may not span scanlines.)5 1204 1 1980 2904 t
10 CW f
(dump)1440 3024 w
10 R f
(A two\255dimensional array of)3 1106 1 1980 3024 t
10 I f
(nchan)3111 3024 w
10 R f
(\255byte records in row major order.)5 1324 1 3363 3024 t
10 CW f
(bitmap)1440 3144 w
10 R f
( bits are white, one bits are)6 1109( Zero)1 244( bit leftmost.)2 521(One\255bit pixels, packed into bytes high)5 1546 4 1980 3144 t
( are padded with zeros to a multiple of 16 bits.)10 1856(black. Rows)1 519 2 1980 3264 t
10 CW f
(ccitt\255g4)1440 3384 w
10 R f
( format is)2 401( This)1 237( Group 4 compression.)3 937(A black\255and\255white image under CCITT FAX)5 1845 4 1980 3384 t
( Similarly,)1 470( on images of text and line art.)7 1369(highly compressive)1 803 3 1980 3504 t
10 CW f
(ccitt\255g31)4669 3504 w
10 R f
(and)5256 3504 w
10 CW f
(ccitt\255g32)1980 3624 w
10 R f
(for Group 3, 1\255D and 2\255D.)5 1050 1 2545 3624 t
10 CW f
(pico)1440 3744 w
10 R f
(A sequence of)2 570 1 1980 3744 t
10 I f
(nchan)2575 3744 w
10 R f
(two\255dimensional arrays of single bytes.)4 1573 1 2844 3744 t
10 CW f
(ccir601)1440 3864 w
10 R f
( 2 bytes per pixel encoded according to the IEEE digital)10 2365(Pixels are in dump order,)4 1055 2 1980 3864 t
(component video standard.)2 1079 1 1980 3984 t
10 CW f
(WINDOW=)1080 4104 w
10 I f
(x0 y0 x1 y1)3 451 1 1508 4104 t
10 R f
(The)1440 4224 w
10 I f
(x,y)1629 4224 w
10 R f
( the lower right)3 643(coordinates of the upper left corner and the point just diagonally outside)11 2981 2 1776 4224 t
(corner,)1440 4344 w
10 I f
(x)1744 4344 w
10 R f
(increasing to the right,)3 899 1 1813 4344 t
10 I f
(y)2737 4344 w
10 R f
(down.)2806 4344 w
10 CW f
(NCHAN=)1080 4464 w
10 I f
(nchan)1448 4464 w
10 R f
(The number of channels, default 1.)5 1394 1 1440 4584 t
10 CW f
(CHAN=)1080 4704 w
10 I f
(channels)1388 4704 w
10 R f
(The names of the channels.)4 1157 1 1440 4824 t
10 I f
(Channels)2664 4824 w
10 R f
(should be)1 403 1 3084 4824 t
10 I f
(nchan)3529 4824 w
10 R f
( substrings of)2 575( Certain)1 362(characters long.)1 648 3 3815 4824 t
10 I f
(channels)1440 4944 w
10 R f
( that read and write picture files:)6 1327(are conventionally understood by most programs)5 1986 2 1826 4944 t
10 CW f
(m)5169 4944 w
10 R f
(is a)1 141 1 5259 4944 t
(monochrome image channel,)2 1156 1 1440 5064 t
10 CW f
(rgb)2621 5064 w
10 R f
(is a full\255color image,)3 832 1 2826 5064 t
10 CW f
(a)3683 5064 w
10 R f
(is an alpha channel, and)4 960 1 3769 5064 t
10 CW f
(z...)4755 5064 w
10 R f
(is a float\255)2 379 1 5021 5064 t
(ing point \(four\255byte, single precision\))4 1633 1 1440 5184 t
10 I f
(z)3131 5184 w
10 R f
( very old monochrome pictures have)5 1621(value. Some)1 551 2 3228 5184 t
10 CW f
(CHAN=r)1440 5304 w
10 R f
( usage is deprecated but still recognized by some programs.)9 2379(. This)1 253 2 1800 5304 t
10 CW f
(RES=)1080 5424 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 1328 5424 t
10 R f
(The digitizing resolution horizontally and vertically, in pixels/inch.)7 2685 1 1440 5544 t
10 CW f
(CMAP=)1080 5712 w
10 R f
( color map, a 256)4 740( A)1 133( is empty.\))2 447(\(The value)1 439 4 1440 5712 t
10 S f
(\264)3199 5712 w
10 R f
(3\255byte translation table for color values, follows the)7 2146 1 3254 5712 t
( values of the corresponding chan\255)5 1402( a full\255color picture, each color\255map row maps pixel)8 2129(header. In)1 429 3 1440 5832 t
( green and blue, like)4 836( a monochrome picture, pixel values index the color map to yield red,)12 2839(nel. In)1 285 3 1440 5952 t
(this:)1440 6072 w
10 CW f
(unsigned char cmap[256][3];)2 1620 1 1440 6240 t
(red=cmap[pixel][0];)1440 6360 w
(green=cmap[pixel][1];)1440 6480 w
(blue=cmap[pixel][2];)1440 6600 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 6768 t
10 CW f
(sed '/^$/q' image)2 1020 1 1080 6888 t
10 R f
( sample header follows.)3 948( A)1 122(Print a header.)2 579 3 1440 7008 t
10 CW f
(TYPE=dump)1080 7176 w
(WINDOW=0 0 512 512)3 1080 1 1080 7296 t
10 R f
( 480)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.6 \))3 215( PICFILE)1 3883(PICFILE \( 9.6 \))3 582 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(NCHAN=1)1080 960 w
(CHAN=m)1080 1080 w
(RES=300 300)1 660 1 1080 1200 t
(CMAP=)1080 1320 w
(COMMAND= antiquantize 'halftone CLASSIC' 512.halftone LIBERTY.anticlassic)5 4380 1 1080 1440 t
( CLASSIC 512.liberty 512.halftone 1.75 512.halftone)5 3060(COMMAND= halftone)1 1080 2 1080 1560 t
( IN OUT)2 420(COMMAND= transpose)1 1200 2 1080 1680 t
( 512 IN OUT)3 660(COMMAND= resample)1 1200 2 1080 1800 t
( IN OUT)2 420(COMMAND= transpose)1 1320 2 1080 1920 t
( 512 IN OUT)3 660(COMMAND= resample)1 1320 2 1080 2040 t
( 400 400 LIBERTY OUT)4 1200(COMMAND= clip)1 1140 2 1080 2160 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2328 t
10 I f
(bitmap)1080 2448 w
10 R f
(\(6\))1366 2448 w
(T. Duff, `The 10th Edition Raster Graphics System',)7 2103 1 1080 2568 t
9 R f
(UNIX)3206 2568 w
10 R f
(Research System Papers, Tenth Edition)4 1579 1 3456 2568 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 481)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( PICINFO)1 3861(PICINFO \( 9.1 \))3 604 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(picinfo)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1388 1080 w
10 R f
(print information about picture files)4 1432 1 1478 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/picinfo)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1705 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Picinfo)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( described in)2 534(prints the header information as)4 1314 2 1405 1656 t
10 I f
(picfile)3290 1656 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\) from the named)3 884 1 3548 1656 t
10 I f
(files.)4469 1656 w
10 R f
(If the file has no)4 702 1 4698 1656 t
10 CW f
(picfile)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(header, it tries to guess from its size what sort of image it might be.)14 2692 1 1525 1776 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1944 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 2064 w
( 482)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.2 \))3 215( PICOPEN)1 3833(PICOPEN \( 9.2 \))3 632 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(picopen)1080 1080 w
10 S f
(_)1396 1080 w
10 R f
(r, picopen)1 409 1 1446 1080 t
10 S f
(_)1855 1080 w
10 R f
( picputprop, picgetprop, picunpack,)3 1453(w, picread, picwrite, picclose, rdpicfile, wrpicfile,)5 2042 2 1905 1080 t
(picpack, picerror)1 675 1 1080 1200 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1780 1200 w
10 R f
(picture file I/O)2 593 1 1870 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(#include <libg.h>)1 1020 1 1080 1488 t
(#include <fb.h>)1 900 1 1080 1656 t
(PICFILE *picopen_r\(char *name\))2 1800 1 1080 1824 t
(PICFILE *picopen_w\(char *name, char *type, int x0, int y0, int w, int h,)12 4320 1 1080 1992 t
(char *chan, char *argv[], char *cmap\))5 2220 1 1080 2112 t
(int picread\(PICFILE *pf, char *buf\))4 2100 1 1080 2280 t
(int picwrite\(PICFILE *pf, char *buf\))4 2160 1 1080 2448 t
(void picclose\(PICFILE *pf\))2 1560 1 1080 2616 t
(Bitmap *rdpicfile\(PICFILE *pf, int ldepth\))4 2520 1 1080 2784 t
(int wrpicfile\(PICFILE *pf, Bitmap *b\))4 2220 1 1080 2952 t
(PICFILE *picputprop\(PICFILE *pf, char *name, char *value\))6 3420 1 1080 3120 t
(char *picgetprop\(PICFILE *pf, char *name\))4 2460 1 1080 3288 t
(void picunpack\(PICFILE *pf, char *pix, char *fmt, ...\))7 3240 1 1080 3456 t
(void picpack\(PICFILE *pf, char *pix, char *fmt, ...\))7 3120 1 1080 3624 t
(void picerror\(char *string\))2 1620 1 1080 3792 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 3960 t
10 R f
( raster images in)3 690(These functions read and write)4 1270 2 1080 4080 t
10 I f
(picfile)3076 4080 w
10 R f
( are loaded by option)4 887( They)1 266(\(9.6\) format.)1 518 3 3334 4080 t
10 CW f
(\255lfb)5041 4080 w
10 R f
(of)5317 4080 w
10 I f
(2l)1080 4200 w
10 R f
( picture files are referred to by pointers of type)9 1864( Open)1 266(\(1\) et al.)2 335 3 1166 4200 t
10 CW f
(PICFILE*)3656 4200 w
10 R f
(.)4136 4200 w
10 I f
(Picopen)1080 4368 w
10 S f
(_)1407 4368 w
10 I f
(r)1457 4368 w
10 R f
( If)1 127( pointer to the open file.)5 1015(opens the named picfile for reading and returns a)8 2036 3 1531 4368 t
10 I f
(name)4745 4368 w
10 R f
(is)4997 4368 w
10 CW f
("IN")5135 4368 w
10 R f
(,)5375 4368 w
(standard input is used.)3 894 1 1080 4488 t
10 I f
(Picopen)1080 4656 w
10 S f
(_)1407 4656 w
10 I f
(w)1457 4656 w
10 R f
( name)1 242( The)1 206(similarly creates the named image file for writing.)7 2009 3 1550 4656 t
10 CW f
("OUT")4069 4656 w
10 R f
(refers to standard output.)3 1004 1 4396 4656 t
10 I f
(Type)1080 4776 w
10 R f
(is a)1 156 1 1319 4776 t
10 CW f
(TYPE)1520 4776 w
10 R f
( described in)2 548(attribute, as)1 486 2 1805 4776 t
10 I f
(picfile)2883 4776 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\);)3141 4776 w
10 I f
(x0)3404 4776 w
10 R f
(and)3542 4776 w
10 I f
(y0)3730 4776 w
10 R f
(are the upper left coordinates of the)6 1532 1 3868 4776 t
10 CW f
(WINDOW)1080 4896 w
10 R f
(attribute;)1469 4896 w
10 I f
(w)1859 4896 w
10 R f
(and)1955 4896 w
10 I f
(h)2128 4896 w
10 R f
(are the image width and height in pixels.)7 1654 1 2207 4896 t
10 I f
(Chan)3916 4896 w
10 R f
(is a string specifying the order)5 1237 1 4163 4896 t
(of channels for the)3 751 1 1080 5016 t
10 CW f
(CHAN)1858 5016 w
10 R f
( of this string becomes the value of)7 1408(attribute; the length)2 787 2 2125 5016 t
10 CW f
(NCHAN)4346 5016 w
10 R f
(.)4646 5016 w
10 I f
(Argv,)4722 5016 w
10 R f
(if nonzero,)1 433 1 4967 5016 t
( program; see)2 551(is conventionally the second argument of the main)7 2038 2 1080 5136 t
10 I f
(exec)3698 5136 w
10 R f
( becomes a)2 451(\(2\). It)1 256 2 3882 5136 t
10 CW f
(COMMAND)4618 5136 w
10 R f
(attribute)5067 5136 w
(recording the provenance of the file.)5 1451 1 1080 5256 t
(The special call)2 626 1 1080 5424 t
10 CW f
(picopen_w\()1731 5424 w
10 I f
(name)2356 5424 w
10 CW f
(, PIC_SAMEARGS\()1 865 1 2580 5424 t
10 I f
(pf)3453 5424 w
10 CW f
(\)\))3539 5424 w
10 R f
(creates a file with the same attributes as an)8 1715 1 3685 5424 t
(already open picfile.)2 837 1 1080 5544 t
10 CW f
(PIC_SAMEARGS)1977 5544 w
10 R f
(mentions)2732 5544 w
10 I f
(argv)3134 5544 w
10 R f
( the)1 156(by name, hence the name must be in scope at)9 1892 2 3352 5544 t
(point of call.)2 508 1 1080 5664 t
10 I f
(Picread)1080 5832 w
10 R f
(and)1429 5832 w
10 I f
(picwrite)1606 5832 w
10 R f
(read or write a single row of pixels using the character array)11 2500 1 1967 5832 t
10 I f
(buf.)4501 5832 w
10 R f
(The length of the)3 712 1 4688 5832 t
(row is determined from the file's)5 1437 1 1080 5952 t
10 CW f
(WINDOW)2566 5952 w
10 R f
(and)2975 5952 w
10 CW f
(NCHAN)3168 5952 w
10 R f
( images \(of type)3 715(attributes. One\255bit\255per\255pixel)1 1168 2 3517 5952 t
10 CW f
(bitmap)1080 6072 w
10 R f
(or)1466 6072 w
10 CW f
(ccitt\255g4)1575 6072 w
10 R f
( for black, 255 for white, and are)7 1324(, for example\) are decoded to one byte per pixel, 0)10 2021 2 2055 6072 t
( of type)2 309( Files)1 247(encoded as 1 for pixel values less than 128 and 0 otherwise.)11 2423 3 1080 6192 t
10 CW f
(ccir601)4086 6192 w
10 R f
(are decoded into con\255)3 867 1 4533 6192 t
(ventional)1080 6312 w
10 CW f
(rgb)1477 6312 w
10 R f
(channels.)1682 6312 w
10 I f
(Picclose)1080 6480 w
10 R f
(closes a picfile and frees associated storage.)6 1753 1 1443 6480 t
10 I f
(Wrpicfile)1080 6648 w
10 R f
(copies a bitmap into a picture file.)6 1398 1 1483 6648 t
10 I f
(Rdpicfile)2937 6648 w
10 R f
(allocates a)1 424 1 3329 6648 t
10 CW f
(Bitmap)3784 6648 w
10 R f
(of given)1 337 1 4176 6648 t
10 I f
(ldepth)4545 6648 w
10 R f
(and reads pic\255)2 573 1 4827 6648 t
( Since)1 282(ture file into it.)3 630 2 1080 6768 t
10 CW f
(Bitmaps)2027 6768 w
10 R f
( two bits deep,)3 610(are usually monochrome and only one or)6 1696 2 2482 6768 t
10 I f
(rdpicfile)4822 6768 w
10 R f
(com\255)5195 6768 w
( uses Floyd\255Steinberg error\255diffusion dither to hide quan\255)7 2308(putes the NTSC luminance of the input image and)8 2012 2 1080 6888 t
(tization errors.)1 582 1 1080 7008 t
10 I f
(Picputprop)1080 7176 w
10 R f
(called after)1 477 1 1587 7176 t
10 I f
(picopen)2121 7176 w
10 S f
(_)2437 7176 w
10 I f
(w)2487 7176 w
10 R f
(but before)1 439 1 2611 7176 t
10 I f
(picwrite)3107 7176 w
10 R f
( the revised)2 526(adds header attributes, returning)3 1382 2 3492 7176 t
10 CW f
(PICFILE)1080 7296 w
10 R f
(pointer.)1525 7296 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 483)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.2 \))3 215( PICOPEN)1 3833(PICOPEN \( 9.2 \))3 632 3 720 480 t
10 I f
(Picgetprop)1080 960 w
10 R f
(returns a pointer to the value of the named attribute, or 0 if the picfile does not have the)18 3833 1 1567 960 t
( both)1 207(attribute. In)1 495 2 1080 1080 t
10 I f
(Picputprop)1811 1080 w
10 R f
(and)2290 1080 w
10 I f
(picgetprop,)2463 1080 w
10 R f
(with multiple appearances \(e.g.)3 1262 1 2950 1080 t
10 CW f
(COMMAND)4266 1080 w
10 R f
(\) are expressed as)3 714 1 4686 1080 t
(a sequence of values separated by newlines.)6 1753 1 1080 1200 t
(The header file defines macros to extract commonly\255used attributes:)8 2722 1 1080 1368 t
10 CW f
(PIC_NCHAN\(pf\), PIC_WIDTH\(pf\), PIC_HEIGHT\(pf\),)2 2700 1 1440 1536 t
(PIC_SAMEARGS\(pf\))1440 1656 w
10 R f
(\(see)2460 1656 w
10 CW f
(picopen_w)2645 1656 w
10 R f
(\))3185 1656 w
10 I f
(Picunpack)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(extracts the channels of pixel array)5 1448 1 1537 1824 t
10 I f
(pix)3021 1824 w
10 R f
(into separate array)2 758 1 3179 1824 t
10 I f
(args)3974 1824 w
10 R f
(of types described by the)4 1046 1 4189 1824 t
10 I f
(fmt)5272 1824 w
10 R f
( characters are)2 590( Format)1 347(character string.)1 650 3 1080 1944 t
10 CW f
(c)2700 1944 w
10 R f
(,)2760 1944 w
10 CW f
(s)2818 1944 w
10 R f
(,)2878 1944 w
10 CW f
(l)2936 1944 w
10 R f
(,)2996 1944 w
10 CW f
(f)3054 1944 w
10 R f
(,)3114 1944 w
10 CW f
(d)3172 1944 w
10 R f
(, for arrays of types unsigned char, short, long, float,)9 2168 1 3232 1944 t
( character)1 396( Format)1 346(and double.)1 473 3 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(_)2327 2064 w
10 R f
(designates a picfile channel to be skipped.)6 1731 1 2419 2064 t
10 I f
(Picpack)4208 2064 w
10 R f
(reverses the process.)2 838 1 4562 2064 t
(These routines effect a standard machine\255independent byte ordering.)7 2737 1 1080 2184 t
10 I f
(Picerror)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(prints messages for errors resulting from calls to)7 1933 1 1449 2352 t
10 I f
(picfile)3407 2352 w
10 R f
(routines. \()1 430 1 3682 2352 t
10 I f
(Perror)4120 2352 w
10 R f
(\(3\) cannot describe some)3 1000 1 4400 2352 t
(error conditions, like malformed header lines.\))5 1860 1 1080 2472 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 2640 t
10 R f
(Unpack the green and z channels from a file with channels)10 2338 1 1080 2760 t
10 CW f
(rgbz...)3443 2760 w
(PICFILE *pf = picopen_r\("file"\);)3 1920 1 1440 2880 t
(extern char pixels[], green[][1000];)3 2160 1 1440 3000 t
(extern float zdepth[][1000];)2 1680 1 1440 3120 t
(for\(i=0; picread\(pf, pixels\); i\))3 1920 1 1440 3240 t
(picunpack\(pf, pixels, "_c_f", green[i], zdepth[i]\);)4 3060 1 1800 3360 t
10 R f
(Reflect a picture about its vertical midline.)6 1706 1 1080 3528 t
10 CW f
(PICFILE *in = picopen_r\("picture"\);)3 2100 1 1440 3648 t
(PICFILE *out = picopen_w\("OUT", PIC_SAMEARGS\(in\)\);)4 3000 1 1440 3768 t
(int w = PIC_WIDTH\(in\);)3 1320 1 1440 3888 t
(int n = PIC_NCHAN\(in\);)3 1320 1 1440 4008 t
(char *buffer = malloc\(w*n\), *temp = malloc\(n\);)6 2760 1 1440 4128 t
(while \(picread\(in, buffer\)\) {)3 1740 1 1440 4248 t
(char *left = buffer;)3 1200 1 1800 4368 t
(char *right = buffer + n*\(w \255 1\);)7 1980 1 1800 4488 t
(for\( ; left<right; left+=n, right\255=n\) {)5 2340 1 1800 4608 t
(memmove\(temp, left, n\);)2 1380 1 2160 4728 t
(memmove\(left, right, n\);)2 1440 1 2160 4848 t
(memmove\(right, temp, n\);)2 1440 1 2160 4968 t
(})1800 5088 w
(picwrite\(out, buffer\);)1 1320 1 1800 5208 t
(})1440 5328 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5496 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 5616 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 5616 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( CS)1 52( IC)1 62( TI)1 32( ST)1 57( AG GN NO OS)4 253( IA)1 67(D DI)1 97 8 720 5784 t
10 I f
(Picread)1080 5904 w
10 R f
(returns 1 on success, 0 on end of file or error.)10 1812 1 1421 5904 t
10 I f
(Picopen)1080 6024 w
10 S f
(_)1407 6024 w
10 I f
(r)1457 6024 w
10 R f
(and)1521 6024 w
10 I f
(picopen)1690 6024 w
10 S f
(_)2006 6024 w
10 I f
(w)2056 6024 w
10 R f
(return 0 for unopenable files.)4 1161 1 2148 6024 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 6192 t
10 I f
(Picpack)1080 6312 w
10 R f
(and)1440 6312 w
10 I f
(picunpack)1623 6312 w
10 R f
(store and retrieve floating point channels \(types)6 1986 1 2072 6312 t
10 CW f
(f)4098 6312 w
10 R f
(and)4198 6312 w
10 CW f
(d)4382 6312 w
10 R f
(\) using native floating\255)3 958 1 4442 6312 t
(point, rather than something transportable.)4 1698 1 1080 6432 t
(The code required to support)4 1153 1 1080 6600 t
10 CW f
(TYPE=ccir601)2258 6600 w
10 R f
(and the various)2 610 1 3003 6600 t
10 CW f
(ccitt)3638 6600 w
10 R f
(fax compression types is missing!)4 1355 1 3963 6600 t
( 484)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( QUANTIZE)1 3746(QUANTIZE \( 9.1 \))3 719 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(3to1, mcut, improve, quantize, dither)4 1482 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2587 1080 w
10 R f
(picture color compression)2 1037 1 2677 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/3to1)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1525 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255e)1583 1368 w
10 R f
(])1728 1368 w
10 I f
(colormap)1786 1368 w
10 R f
([)2194 1368 w
10 I f
(input)2252 1368 w
10 R f
(])2483 1368 w
10 CW f
(fb/mcut)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1525 1536 w
10 I f
(input)1583 1536 w
10 R f
(])1814 1536 w
10 CW f
(fb/improve)1080 1704 w
10 I f
(colormap)1705 1704 w
10 R f
([)2113 1704 w
10 I f
(input)2171 1704 w
10 R f
(])2402 1704 w
10 CW f
(fb/quantize)1080 1872 w
10 R f
([)1765 1872 w
10 I f
(input)1823 1872 w
10 R f
(])2054 1872 w
10 CW f
(fb/dither)1080 2040 w
10 R f
([)1645 2040 w
10 I f
(input)1703 2040 w
10 R f
(])1934 2040 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2208 t
10 I f
(3to1)1080 2328 w
10 R f
( color \(3 bytes per pixel\) input picture file in one byte per pixel using the given)16 3253(approximates the full)2 859 2 1288 2328 t
10 I f
(colormap.)1080 2448 w
10 R f
(If no)1 197 1 1519 2448 t
10 I f
(input)1747 2448 w
10 R f
( The)1 210(file is named, the picture is read from standard input.)9 2161 2 1984 2448 t
10 CW f
(\255e)4385 2448 w
10 R f
(option suppresses the)2 865 1 4535 2448 t
(default error\255diffusion dither.)2 1172 1 1080 2568 t
10 I f
(Mcut)1080 2736 w
10 R f
(writes a color map, suitable for use by)7 1546 1 1313 2736 t
10 I f
(3to1)2887 2736 w
10 R f
( color map is computed using)5 1200( The)1 209(on its standard output.)3 898 3 3093 2736 t
(the median\255cut algorithm and represents reasonably well, but not necessarily optimally, the colors of the)14 4320 1 1080 2856 t
(input picture.)1 533 1 1080 2976 t
10 I f
(Improve)1080 3144 w
10 R f
( repre\255)1 270(reads a color map and a picture and writes on standard output a new color map that better)17 3686 2 1444 3144 t
( passes of)2 388( Multiple)1 395(sents the colors of the picture.)5 1198 3 1080 3264 t
10 I f
(improve)3086 3264 w
10 R f
(may produce better and better color maps.)6 1682 1 3438 3264 t
10 I f
(Quantize)1080 3432 w
10 R f
(is an)1 186 1 1466 3432 t
10 I f
(rc)1677 3432 w
10 R f
( to compress the full\255color input image to one byte per)10 2185(script that packages all of the above)6 1430 2 1785 3432 t
(pixel.)1080 3552 w
10 I f
(Dither)1080 3720 w
10 R f
( uses a fixed color map that allows a)8 1485( It)1 115(likewise compresses full\255color images to one byte per pixel.)8 2431 3 1369 3720 t
(speedy algorithm;)1 719 1 1080 3840 t
10 I f
(quantize)1824 3840 w
10 R f
(instead runs slower but gives better results.)6 1723 1 2188 3840 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4008 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 4128 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 4128 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 485)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( REMAP)1 3905(REMAP \( 9.1 \))3 560 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(cmap, remap)1 515 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1620 1080 w
10 R f
(map colors)1 441 1 1710 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/cmap)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(colormap)1525 1368 w
10 R f
([)1933 1368 w
10 I f
(input)1991 1368 w
10 R f
(])2222 1368 w
10 CW f
(fb/remap)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(colormap)1585 1536 w
10 R f
([)1993 1536 w
10 I f
(input)2051 1536 w
10 R f
(])2282 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Cmap)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(looks up the)2 495 1 1346 1824 t
10 CW f
(rgb)1869 1824 w
10 R f
(channels of the input picture file \(default standard input\), in the)10 2562 1 2077 1824 t
10 I f
(colormap)4667 1824 w
10 R f
(, writing)1 342 1 5058 1824 t
(the resulting image to standard output.)5 1538 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(Remap)1080 2112 w
10 R f
( the inverse of)3 601(is approximately)1 679 2 1392 2112 t
10 I f
(cmap.)2708 2112 w
10 R f
(Pixel values in the input image are replaced by those that,)10 2415 1 2985 2112 t
(when mapped through the input)4 1299 1 1080 2232 t
10 I f
(colormap ,)1 440 1 2411 2232 t
10 R f
( reproducing the)2 666(come closest to)2 630 2 2883 2232 t
10 I f
(input)4210 2232 w
10 R f
( output pic\255)2 473(image. The)1 480 2 4447 2232 t
(ture includes a copy of the)5 1056 1 1080 2352 t
10 I f
(colormap.)2161 2352 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2520 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 2640 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 2640 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2808 t
10 R f
(Both commands work only if the input image contains)8 2177 1 1080 2928 t
10 CW f
(rgb)3282 2928 w
10 R f
(channels.)3487 2928 w
( 486)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( RESAMPLE)1 3727(RESAMPLE \( 9.1 \))3 738 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(resample)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1465 1080 w
10 R f
(resample a picture horizontally)3 1239 1 1555 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/resample)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(width)1765 1368 w
10 R f
([)2013 1368 w
10 I f
(input)2071 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2302 1368 t
10 I f
(B C)1 153 1 2418 1368 t
10 R f
(])2596 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Resample)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( The)1 210(resamples the scan lines of its input image \(default standard input\) to the given new width.)15 3693 2 1497 1656 t
( See)1 208( using a well\255designed cubic filter.)5 1451(image is decimated or interpolated)4 1441 3 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(transpose)4219 1776 w
10 R f
(\(9.1\) for assistance)2 784 1 4616 1776 t
(with vertical resampling.)2 996 1 1080 1896 t
( explains the optional filter parameters)5 1574(The reference)1 555 2 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(B)3241 2064 w
10 R f
(and)3334 2064 w
10 I f
(C.)3510 2064 w
10 R f
(The default values give optimal alias rejec\255)6 1766 1 3634 2064 t
(tion, and should not normally be tampered with.)7 1924 1 1080 2184 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2352 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 2472 w
10 R f
( Computer Graphics'', by Mitchell and Netravali in SIGGRAPH 88 Pro\255)10 3025(\(9.6\), ``Reconstruction in)2 1037 2 1338 2472 t
(ceedings.)1080 2592 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 487)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( TRANSPOSE)1 3677(TRANSPOSE \( 9.1 \))3 788 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(rotate, transpose)1 654 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1759 1080 w
10 R f
(re\255orient an image)2 731 1 1849 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/rotate)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(angle)1645 1368 w
10 R f
([)1892 1368 w
10 I f
(input)1950 1368 w
10 R f
(])2181 1368 w
10 CW f
(fb/transpose)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1825 1536 w
10 CW f
(\255vhadrlui)1883 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2448 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255o)2564 1536 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 2692 1536 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2830 1536 t
10 I f
(input)2946 1536 w
10 R f
(])3177 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Rotate)1080 1824 w
10 R f
( its)1 121(rotates the image in)3 785 2 1366 1824 t
10 I f
(input)2298 1824 w
10 R f
(picture file \(default standard input\) clockwise by)6 1952 1 2530 1824 t
10 I f
(angle)4508 1824 w
10 R f
(degrees, writing)1 644 1 4756 1824 t
(the resulting picture file on standard output.)6 1751 1 1080 1944 t
10 I f
(Transpose)1080 2112 w
10 R f
(turns its)1 332 1 1533 2112 t
10 I f
(input)1902 2112 w
10 R f
(picture file on its side by reflection through its major \(descending from left to)13 3255 1 2145 2112 t
( the picture is)3 550( no file name is given,)5 908( If)1 120(right\) diagonal, writing the resulting picture file on standard output.)9 2742 4 1080 2232 t
( yield all possible symmetries of the square grid:)8 1943( Options)1 367(read from standard input.)3 1009 3 1080 2352 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 2520 w
10 R f
(reflects the image through its descending diagonal \(the default.\))8 2548 1 1440 2520 t
10 CW f
(\255a)1080 2688 w
10 R f
(reflects the image through its ascending diagonal.)6 1983 1 1440 2688 t
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 2856 w
10 R f
(reflects the image left\255to\255right through its vertical center line.)8 2448 1 1440 2856 t
10 CW f
(\255h)1080 3024 w
10 R f
(inverts the image top\255to\255bottom through its horizontal center line.)8 2623 1 1440 3024 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 3192 w
10 R f
(rotates the image to the right \(clockwise\) 90 degrees.)8 2115 1 1440 3192 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1080 3360 w
10 R f
(rotates the image to the left \(counterclockwise\) 90 degrees.)8 2358 1 1440 3360 t
10 CW f
(\255u)1080 3528 w
10 R f
(rotates the image upside down \(180 degrees\).)6 1810 1 1440 3528 t
10 CW f
(\255i)1080 3696 w
10 R f
(identity transformation \(for completeness only.\))4 1917 1 1440 3696 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 3864 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 1233 3864 t
10 R f
( Without)1 378(translates by \(x,y\).)2 743 2 1440 3864 t
10 CW f
(\255o)2586 3864 w
10 R f
(, the input and output files have the same upper\255left corner.)10 2362 1 2706 3864 t
10 I f
(Transpose)1080 4032 w
10 R f
( useful to convince programs that work on the rows of a picture file to operate on)16 3318(is particularly)1 556 2 1526 4032 t
( example)1 363(columns. For)1 553 2 1080 4152 t
10 CW f
(fb/transpose big|fb/resample 48|fb/transpose|fb/resample 48 >tiny)4 3900 1 1440 4272 t
10 R f
(makes a tiny 48)3 630 1 1080 4392 t
10 S f
(\264)1710 4392 w
10 R f
(48 version of a big picture.)5 1076 1 1765 4392 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4560 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 4680 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\),)1338 4680 w
10 I f
(resample)1579 4680 w
10 R f
(\(9.1\))1953 4680 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4848 t
10 R f
( result of rotate is not anti\255aliased.)6 1362( The)1 205(Very large images may not fit in memory.)7 1681 3 1080 4968 t
( 488)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( TWB)1 4028(TWB \( 9.1 \))3 437 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(dpic, twb)1 372 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1477 1080 w
10 R f
(anti\255aliased troff output to picture files)5 1545 1 1567 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/dpic)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1525 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255o)1583 1368 w
10 I f
(list)1728 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1876 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255w)1992 1368 w
10 I f
(xmin ymin xmax ymax)3 883 1 2137 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3045 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255d)3161 1368 w
10 I f
(dpi)3306 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3459 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255s)3575 1368 w
10 I f
(stem)3720 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3928 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 4044 1368 t
10 R f
(])4297 1368 w
10 CW f
(fb/twb)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1465 1536 w
10 I f
(options)1523 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1843 1536 t
10 I f
(files)1959 1536 w
10 R f
(])2151 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Dpic)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(converts the output of)3 895 1 1306 1824 t
10 I f
(troff)2233 1824 w
10 R f
( named)1 299( input from the)3 618( Reading)1 390(\(1\) into anti\255aliased images.)3 1136 4 2414 1824 t
10 I f
(files)4890 1824 w
10 R f
(\(default)5090 1824 w
( photo\255)1 297(standard input\), it scan\255converts characters using font outlines for the Merganthaler Linotron 202)12 4023 2 1080 1944 t
(typesetter;)1080 2064 w
10 I f
(troff)1521 2064 w
10 R f
('s)1702 2064 w
10 CW f
(\255T202)1799 2064 w
10 R f
(flag will so apprise it.)4 869 1 2124 2064 t
10 I f
(Dpic)1080 2232 w
10 R f
( these files are named)4 908( Normally)1 444( page of output in a picture file.)7 1336(puts each)1 384 4 1309 2232 t
10 CW f
(page.1)4417 2232 w
10 R f
(,)4777 2232 w
10 CW f
(page.2)4838 2232 w
10 R f
(, etc.)1 202 1 5198 2232 t
(Option)1080 2352 w
10 CW f
(\255s)1383 2352 w
10 I f
(stem)1511 2352 w
10 R f
(causes page)1 473 1 1719 2352 t
10 I f
(n)2217 2352 w
10 R f
(to be put in file)4 611 1 2292 2352 t
10 I f
(stem)2928 2352 w
10 CW f
(.)3119 2352 w
10 I f
(n.)3187 2352 w
10 R f
(Option)1080 2520 w
10 CW f
(\255w)1392 2520 w
10 I f
(xmin ymin xmax ymax)3 910 1 1520 2520 t
10 R f
( The)1 215( to be set.)3 413(gives pixel coordinates of the rectangle in which type is)9 2308 3 2464 2520 t
(default is)1 374 1 1080 2640 t
10 CW f
(\255w 0 0 640 480)4 860 1 1484 2640 t
10 R f
(. Option)1 358 1 2344 2640 t
10 CW f
(\255d)2732 2640 w
10 I f
(dpi)2860 2640 w
10 R f
(gives the mapping from)3 967 1 3018 2640 t
10 I f
(troff)4015 2640 w
10 R f
(coordinates \(point sizes, etc.\))3 1182 1 4218 2640 t
(to pixel coordinates;)2 820 1 1080 2760 t
10 I f
(dpi)1927 2760 w
10 R f
(is the number of dots \(pixels\) in the output files per inch of)12 2395 1 2083 2760 t
10 I f
(troff)4506 2760 w
10 R f
(coordinates. The)1 693 1 4707 2760 t
(default is 100 dpi.)3 722 1 1080 2880 t
(Option)1080 3048 w
10 CW f
(\255o)1383 3048 w
10 R f
( default all pages of the input files are converted.)9 1951( By)1 167(gives a list of pages to be processed.)7 1453 3 1528 3048 t
10 I f
(Dpic)1080 3216 w
10 R f
(interprets several commands copied through using)5 2011 1 1299 3216 t
10 I f
(troff)3335 3216 w
10 R f
('s)3516 3216 w
10 CW f
(\\X')3613 3216 w
10 I f
(...)3801 3216 w
10 CW f
(')3884 3216 w
10 R f
(escape.)3969 3216 w
10 CW f
(\\X'color)1080 3384 w
10 I f
(r g b a)3 264 1 1593 3384 t
10 CW f
(')1865 3384 w
10 R f
( color to)2 341(Set the foreground)2 749 2 1440 3504 t
10 I f
(r g b a.)3 301 1 2559 3504 t
10 R f
(The arguments are numbers between 0 and 255 specifying the)9 2511 1 2889 3504 t
( type and line\255art will be)5 989( Subsequent)1 513( the color.)2 406(red, green, blue and alpha \(opacity\) components of)7 2052 4 1440 3624 t
(set in this color.)3 639 1 1440 3744 t
10 CW f
(\\X'bgcolor)1080 3912 w
10 I f
(r g b a)3 264 1 1713 3912 t
10 CW f
(')1985 3912 w
10 R f
(Set the background color to)4 1104 1 1440 4032 t
10 I f
(r g b a.)3 289 1 2569 4032 t
10 R f
(Before any type is set on any page, it is cleared to this color.)13 2410 1 2883 4032 t
10 CW f
(\\X'clear')1080 4200 w
10 R f
(Clear the page to the background color.)6 1577 1 1440 4320 t
10 CW f
(\\X'picfile)1080 4488 w
10 I f
(name x y)2 354 1 1713 4488 t
10 CW f
(')2075 4488 w
10 R f
(Display a picture file with its upper\255right corner at pixel)9 2238 1 1440 4608 t
10 I f
(\(x,y\))3703 4608 w
10 R f
(.)3890 4608 w
10 CW f
(\\X'clrwin)1080 4776 w
10 I f
(x0 y0 x1 y1)3 451 1 1653 4776 t
10 CW f
(')2112 4776 w
10 R f
(Set all pixels with)3 720 1 1440 4896 t
10 I f
(x0)2185 4896 w
10 S f
(<)2279 4896 w
10 I f
(=x)2334 4896 w
10 S f
(<)2446 4896 w
10 I f
(=x1)2501 4896 w
10 R f
(and)2688 4896 w
10 I f
(y0)2857 4896 w
10 S f
(<)2951 4896 w
10 I f
(=y)3006 4896 w
10 S f
(<)3118 4896 w
10 I f
(=y1)3173 4896 w
10 R f
(to the background color.)3 976 1 3360 4896 t
10 CW f
(\\X'border)1080 5064 w
10 I f
(x0 y0 x1 y1)3 451 1 1653 5064 t
10 CW f
(')2112 5064 w
10 R f
( of the rectangle are at)5 913( corners)1 322( Opposite)1 415(Draw a one\255pixel\255wide rectangle in the foreground color.)7 2310 4 1440 5184 t
10 I f
(\(x0,y0\))1440 5304 w
10 R f
(and)1744 5304 w
10 I f
(\(x1,y1\))1913 5304 w
10 R f
(.)2200 5304 w
10 I f
(Twb)1080 5472 w
10 R f
( Workbench, is an)3 759(, the Toastmaster's)2 777 2 1261 5472 t
10 I f
(rc)2833 5472 w
10 R f
(script that provides a rudimentary slide\255making interface to)7 2448 1 2952 5472 t
10 I f
(dpic .)1 240 1 1080 5592 t
10 R f
( the)1 164(It runs)1 276 2 1363 5592 t
10 I f
(files,)1845 5592 w
10 R f
(\(default standard input\) through)3 1324 1 2079 5592 t
10 I f
(grap, pic, tbl, eqn, troff)4 1002 1 3445 5592 t
10 R f
(and)4489 5592 w
10 I f
(dpic,)4675 5592 w
10 R f
(passing any)1 486 1 4914 5592 t
10 I f
(options)1080 5712 w
10 R f
(to)1400 5712 w
10 I f
(troff)1503 5712 w
10 R f
(or)1701 5712 w
10 I f
(dpic,)1809 5712 w
10 R f
(as appropriate.)1 587 1 2031 5712 t
10 I f
(Twb)1080 5880 w
10 R f
(loads the)1 366 1 1286 5880 t
10 CW f
(\255mtwb)1685 5880 w
10 R f
(macro\255package into)1 797 1 2018 5880 t
10 I f
(troff.)2848 5880 w
10 R f
( macros mostly repackage the nonstandard)5 1744(The following)1 577 2 3079 5880 t
10 I f
(dpic)1080 6000 w
10 R f
(commands described above:)2 1131 1 1277 6000 t
10 CW f
(.CO)1080 6168 w
10 I f
([r g b a])3 342 1 1293 6168 t
10 R f
( Ini\255)1 195( to its previous setting.)4 913( the arguments are omitted the color reverts)7 1738( If)1 116(Set the foreground color.)3 998 5 1440 6288 t
(tially the foreground color is \(255,255,255,255\) \(opaque white.\))7 2560 1 1440 6408 t
10 CW f
(.BC)1080 6576 w
10 I f
([r g b a])3 342 1 1293 6576 t
10 R f
( color reverts to its previous setting.)6 1507( the arguments are omitted the)5 1267( If)1 127(Set the background color.)3 1059 4 1440 6696 t
(Initially the background color is \(0,0,0,0\) \(transparent black.\))7 2448 1 1440 6816 t
10 CW f
(.CL)1080 6984 w
10 R f
(Clear the page to the background color.)6 1577 1 1440 6984 t
10 CW f
(.IN)1080 7152 w
10 I f
(picfile x y)2 388 1 1293 7152 t
10 R f
(Include a picture file, placing it with its upper\255left corner at pixel)11 2595 1 1440 7272 t
10 I f
(\(x,y\))4060 7272 w
10 R f
(.)4247 7272 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 489)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( TWB)1 4028(TWB \( 9.1 \))3 437 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(.CW)1080 960 w
10 I f
(x0 y0 x1 y1)3 451 1 1293 960 t
10 R f
(Clear a window to the background color.)6 1633 1 1440 1080 t
10 CW f
(.BW)1080 1248 w
10 I f
(x0 y0 x1 y1)3 451 1 1293 1248 t
10 R f
(Draw a window border using the foreground color.)7 2034 1 1440 1368 t
10 CW f
(.SL)1080 1536 w
10 I f
([title])1293 1536 w
10 R f
(Start a new slide with the given title.)7 1466 1 1440 1656 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1824 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 1944 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 1944 w
( 490)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 9.1 \))3 215( XPAND)1 3906(XPAND \( 9.1 \))3 559 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(xpand, picnegate)1 676 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1781 1080 w
10 R f
(adjust dynamic range)2 854 1 1871 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(fb/xpand)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1585 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255s)1643 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1788 1368 t
10 I f
(input)1904 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2135 1368 t
10 I f
(lo hi)1 181 1 2251 1368 t
10 R f
([)2457 1368 w
10 I f
(inlo inhi)1 337 1 2515 1368 t
10 R f
(] ])1 91 1 2877 1368 t
10 CW f
(fb/picnegate)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1825 1536 w
10 I f
(input)1883 1536 w
10 R f
(])2114 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Xpand)1080 1824 w
10 R f
( the dynamic range of the)5 1022(linearly adjusts)1 608 2 1366 1824 t
10 I f
(input)3022 1824 w
10 R f
(picture \(default standard input\) mapping value)5 1860 1 3254 1824 t
10 I f
(inlo)5140 1824 w
10 R f
(to)5322 1824 w
10 I f
(lo,)1080 1944 w
10 R f
(and)1213 1944 w
10 I f
(inhi)1387 1944 w
10 R f
(to)1573 1944 w
10 I f
(hi. Lo)1 239 1 1681 1944 t
10 R f
(and)1950 1944 w
10 I f
(hi)2124 1944 w
10 R f
( If)1 121(default to 0 and 255.)4 844 2 2232 1944 t
10 I f
(inlo)3227 1944 w
10 R f
(and)3413 1944 w
10 I f
(inhi)3587 1944 w
10 R f
( lowest and highest)3 781(are not specified, the)3 846 2 3773 1944 t
( default, then,)2 567( By)1 176(pixel values in the input image are used.)7 1665 3 1080 2064 t
10 I f
(xpand)3522 2064 w
10 R f
(expands the image's dynamic range by)5 1600 1 3800 2064 t
( Option)1 333( smallest pixel value to zero and its largest value to 255.)11 2297(mapping its)1 476 3 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(\255s)4216 2184 w
10 R f
(causes all channels of the)4 1034 1 4366 2184 t
( values for)2 429(input image to be considered together when computing default)8 2526 2 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(inlo)4064 2304 w
10 R f
(and)4249 2304 w
10 I f
(inhi,)4422 2304 w
10 R f
(thus preserving the)2 768 1 4632 2304 t
(hue of)1 253 1 1080 2424 t
10 CW f
(rgb)1359 2424 w
10 R f
( Option)1 328( each channel is treated separately.)5 1384(pictures. Otherwise,)1 827 3 1565 2424 t
10 CW f
(\255s)4129 2424 w
10 R f
(has no effect if)3 595 1 4274 2424 t
10 I f
(inlo)4894 2424 w
10 R f
(and)5075 2424 w
10 I f
(inhi)5244 2424 w
10 R f
(are specified on the command line.)5 1397 1 1080 2544 t
(There is no requirement that)4 1163 1 1080 2712 t
10 I f
(lo)2276 2712 w
10 R f
(be smaller than)2 626 1 2387 2712 t
10 I f
(hi,)3046 2712 w
10 R f
(or that)1 266 1 3182 2712 t
10 I f
(inlo)3481 2712 w
10 R f
(be smaller than)2 626 1 3670 2712 t
10 I f
(inhi,)4329 2712 w
10 R f
(nor that any of those)4 857 1 4543 2712 t
( example,)1 388( For)1 189( values not in the range 0 to 255 are clamped.)10 1816( Output)1 328(values be in the range 0 to 255.)7 1248 5 1080 2832 t
10 CW f
(xpand 0 255 255 0)4 1020 1 1440 2952 t
10 R f
( convenience,)1 548( For)1 189(inverts the pixel values of its input.)6 1408 3 1080 3072 t
10 I f
(picnegate)3250 3072 w
10 R f
(is a script that executes this command.)6 1540 1 3663 3072 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3240 t
10 I f
(picfile)1080 3360 w
10 R f
(\(9.6\))1338 3360 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 491)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( INTRO)1 3845(INTRO \( 10.1 \))3 570 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(intro)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1294 1080 w
10 R f
(circuit design aids)2 727 1 1384 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
( is a collection of programs used for the design and fabrication of electronic cir\255)14 3215(Circuit Design Aids \(CDA\))3 1105 2 1080 1368 t
( thorough introduction to)3 1048( A)1 137( through text files.)3 778( is composed of programs that communicate)6 1866(cuits. CDA)1 491 5 1080 1488 t
( abbrevi\255)1 364( follows here is an)4 756( What)1 272(CDA is given in the document "Circuit Design Aids \(CDA\) on Plan 9".)12 2928 4 1080 1608 t
(ated version.)1 510 1 1080 1728 t
( y)1 2( ry)1 52( tr)1 35( nt)1 30( en)1 52( e)1 87( c)1 2( ti ic)2 76( at)1 30( ma)1 46( em)1 80( he)1 46( ch)1 52(S Sc)1 102 14 870 1896 t
(Schematics are created with the schematic editor)6 1993 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(graw)3106 2016 w
10 R f
( of schematic enti\255)3 767( are three varieties)3 757(\(10.1\). There)1 556 3 3320 2016 t
( boxes and library shapes)4 1025( The)1 209(ties: library shapes \(for simple gates\), boxes of user defined parts and wires.)12 3086 3 1080 2136 t
(contain the symbolic)2 841 1 1080 2256 t
10 I f
(names)1950 2256 w
10 R f
( output of)2 399( The)1 210( into pin numbers later on.)5 1080(of pins which will be turned)5 1144 4 2234 2256 t
10 I f
(graw)5097 2256 w
10 R f
(is)5333 2256 w
(an ASCII file in)3 650 1 1080 2376 t
10 I f
(graw)1758 2376 w
10 R f
( must be interpreted by)4 933( This)1 231(\(10.6\) format.)1 560 3 1972 2376 t
10 I f
(gnet)3724 2376 w
10 R f
( lists)1 189( Net)1 197(\(10.1\) to generate a net list.)5 1110 3 3904 2376 t
(are combined into a common net list by)7 1585 1 1080 2496 t
10 I f
(cdmglob)2690 2496 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\).)3042 2496 w
10 I f
(Cdmglob)3358 2496 w
10 R f
( interprets bus nota\255)3 799(also expands macros,)2 851 2 3750 2496 t
( the schematics with the numeric pin numbers in a "pin file")11 2498(tion and matches the symbolic pin names in)7 1822 2 1080 2616 t
(that gives the correspondence between symbolic names and numbers in CDL format.)11 3394 1 1080 2736 t
( s)1 2( ce es)2 87( ic)1 46( vi)1 30( ev)1 52( De)1 46( D)1 115( e)1 2( le)1 46( bl)1 30( ab)1 52( mm ma)2 126( am)1 80( ra)1 46( og gr)2 87( ro)1 52(P Pr)1 91 17 870 2904 t
( 7400 series, schematics may also use programmable devices such as)10 2923(Besides commodity parts like the)4 1397 2 1080 3024 t
( contains tools that convert logic equations written in a language called)11 2860( CDA)1 263( and Xilinx parts.)3 700(PALs, Actel)1 497 4 1080 3144 t
10 I f
(lde)1080 3264 w
10 R f
( the fuses on a programmable device.)6 1494(\(10.6\) format into the various formats required to fry)8 2110 2 1210 3264 t
10 I f
(Lde)4865 3264 w
10 R f
(format is)1 359 1 5041 3264 t
(interpreted by)1 579 1 1080 3384 t
10 I f
(lde)1706 3384 w
10 R f
( called "fitters" attempt to)4 1115( Programs)1 454( product terms".)2 685(\(10.1\) and generates "symbolic)3 1310 4 1836 3384 t
(squeeze)1080 3504 w
10 I f
(lde)1420 3504 w
10 R f
(output into the selected programmable part.)5 1742 1 1567 3504 t
10 I f
(Part)3359 3504 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)3545 3504 w
10 I f
(npart)3836 3504 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\) and)1 410 1 4061 3504 t
10 I f
(xpart)4497 3504 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\) are the fit\255)3 684 1 4716 3504 t
(ters used for PAL\255like devices.)4 1287 1 1080 3624 t
10 I f
(Act)2429 3624 w
10 R f
( output is fed to)4 672( The)1 216( devices.)1 360(\(10.1\) is the fitter for Actel)5 1141 4 2570 3624 t
10 I f
(adil)4995 3624 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))5159 3624 w
( route to Xilinx parts is similar.)6 1277( The)1 209( Actel software.)2 642(which in turn must be converted by the)7 1583 4 1080 3744 t
10 I f
(xil)4845 3744 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\) gen\255)1 447 1 4953 3744 t
(erates the intermediate format needed by the Xilinx software.)8 2447 1 1080 3864 t
( t)1 2( pu ut)2 82( tp)1 52( ou ut)2 82( o)1 93( l)1 2( ca al)2 76( ic)1 46( si)1 30( hy ys)2 93(P Ph)1 108 11 870 4032 t
(The output of)2 564 1 1080 4152 t
10 I f
(cdmglob)1679 4152 w
10 R f
( A)1 133(\(10.1\) has no information about the actual physical construction of the circuit.)11 3236 2 2031 4152 t
( of CDA known as)4 765(separate design subsystem)2 1064 2 1080 4272 t
10 I f
(fizz)2938 4272 w
10 R f
(does the hard work of generating the information needed)8 2299 1 3101 4272 t
(to build the circuit.)3 869 1 1080 4392 t
10 I f
(Cvt)2035 4392 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\) converts from the CDL output of)6 1800 1 2182 4392 t
10 I f
(cdmglob)4043 4392 w
10 R f
(into)4448 4392 w
10 I f
(fizz)4665 4392 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\) format.)1 593 1 4807 4392 t
10 I f
(Place)1080 4512 w
10 R f
( requires a)2 421( It)1 114( the board.)2 430(\(10.1\) is a graphical tool that helps to position parts on)10 2225 4 1315 4512 t
10 I f
(fizz)4533 4512 w
10 R f
(description of the)2 705 1 4695 4512 t
( the input to)3 505( given)1 254( Finally,)1 366(packages, net lists and the board.)5 1352 4 1080 4632 t
10 I f
(fizz)3590 4632 w
10 R f
(and the output of)3 704 1 3757 4632 t
10 I f
(place)4494 4632 w
10 R f
(\(a position file\),)2 657 1 4743 4632 t
10 I f
(wrap)1080 4752 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\) will generate a wrap file containing the coordinates of all the wires.)12 2960 1 1294 4752 t
( s)1 2( on ns)2 93( ti io)2 82( nt)1 30( en)1 52( on nv ve)3 150( co)1 52( c)1 87( ng g)2 54( in)1 52( mi)1 30( am)1 80( na)1 46( n)1 93( e)1 2( il le)2 76(F Fi)1 86 17 870 4920 t
(There is a strong convention for naming the files; it is highly encouraged but not enforced:)15 3620 1 1080 5040 t
10 CW f
(.g)1080 5208 w
10 R f
(schematic board description file produced by)5 1799 1 1440 5208 t
10 I f
(graw)3264 5208 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\).)3478 5208 w
10 CW f
(.w)1080 5376 w
10 R f
(netlist, output from)2 770 1 1440 5376 t
10 I f
(gnet)2235 5376 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\).)2415 5376 w
10 CW f
(.cdl)1080 5544 w
10 R f
(circuit description language, output from)4 1634 1 1440 5544 t
10 I f
(cdmglob)3099 5544 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\).)3451 5544 w
10 CW f
(.fx)1080 5712 w
10 R f
(fizz netlist, output from)3 944 1 1440 5712 t
10 I f
(cvt)2409 5712 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\).)2533 5712 w
10 CW f
(.pos)1080 5880 w
10 R f
(chip position file, output of)4 1092 1 1440 5880 t
10 I f
(place)2557 5880 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\).)2781 5880 w
10 CW f
(.brd)1080 6048 w
10 R f
(board description file including pinholes and special signal pins.)8 2573 1 1440 6048 t
10 CW f
(.pkg)1080 6216 w
10 R f
(package definitions.)1 804 1 1440 6216 t
10 CW f
(.pins)1080 6384 w
10 R f
(pin definitions for input to)4 1056 1 1440 6384 t
10 I f
(cdmglob)2521 6384 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))2873 6384 w
10 CW f
(.lde)1080 6552 w
10 R f
(logic design equations, input to)4 1253 1 1440 6552 t
10 I f
(lde)2718 6552 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\).)2848 6552 w
10 CW f
(.min)1080 6720 w
10 I f
(minterm)1440 6720 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\) output from)2 741 1 1781 6720 t
10 I f
(lde)2547 6720 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)2677 6720 w
10 I f
(quine)2968 6720 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)3198 6720 w
10 I f
(cover)3489 6720 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\), or)1 374 1 3718 6720 t
10 I f
(hazard)4117 6720 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\).)4403 6720 w
10 CW f
(.adi)1080 6888 w
10 R f
(Actel design intermediate, output from)4 1551 1 1440 6888 t
10 CW f
(act \255a)1 360 1 3016 6888 t
10 R f
(\(10.1\).)3376 6888 w
10 CW f
(.adl)1080 7056 w
10 R f
(Actel Design Language, used by Actel software.)6 1934 1 1440 7056 t
( 492)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( INTRO)1 3845(INTRO \( 10.1 \))3 570 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(.xy)1080 960 w
10 R f
(xymask, the venerable BTL film plotting language.)6 2048 1 1440 960 t
10 CW f
(.wx)1080 1128 w
10 R f
(netlist, output from)2 770 1 1440 1128 t
10 I f
(cdmglob)2235 1128 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\).)2587 1128 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1296 t
10 R f
(A. G. Hume, M. Kahrs, and T. J. Killian,)8 1637 1 1080 1416 t
10 I f
(Circuit Design Aids \(CDA\) on Plan 9)6 1500 1 2742 1416 t
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 493)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( ACT)1 3950(ACT \( 10.1 \))3 465 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(act, adil)1 316 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1421 1080 w
10 R f
(minterm to actel/simulator)2 1061 1 1511 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/act)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1525 1368 w
10 I f
(flag)1583 1368 w
10 R f
(... ])1 133 1 1764 1368 t
10 I f
(file)1922 1368 w
10 CW f
(cda/adil)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(file)1585 1488 w
(simprog)1080 1608 w
10 R f
([)1433 1608 w
10 CW f
(\255d)1491 1608 w
10 R f
([)1636 1608 w
10 I f
(id)1694 1608 w
10 R f
( ] [)2 118(... ])1 133 2 1797 1608 t
10 CW f
(\255i)2074 1608 w
10 R f
([)2220 1608 w
10 I f
(id value)1 320 1 2279 1608 t
10 R f
(] ...] [)2 226 1 2625 1608 t
10 CW f
(\255g)2877 1608 w
10 R f
(] [)1 92 1 3023 1608 t
10 CW f
(\255n)3141 1608 w
10 I f
(iter)3287 1608 w
10 R f
(] [)1 92 1 3452 1608 t
10 CW f
(\255p)3570 1608 w
10 R f
([)3716 1608 w
10 I f
(id period)1 365 1 3775 1608 t
10 R f
(] ...] [)2 226 1 4166 1608 t
10 CW f
(\255s)4418 1608 w
10 R f
(] [)1 92 1 4564 1608 t
10 CW f
(\255t)4682 1608 w
10 R f
([)4828 1608 w
10 I f
(id value)1 320 1 4887 1608 t
10 R f
(] ...])1 167 1 5233 1608 t
([)1080 1728 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1138 1728 w
10 I f
(var value)1 374 1 1283 1728 t
10 R f
(] ...])1 166 1 1682 1728 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1896 t
10 I f
(Act)1080 2016 w
10 R f
(takes a)1 275 1 1239 2016 t
10 I f
(file)1541 2016 w
10 R f
(in)1696 2016 w
10 I f
(minterm)1801 2016 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\) format and produces a variety of output forms, selected by)10 2620 1 2142 2016 t
10 I f
(flag .)1 208 1 4789 2016 t
10 R f
(If no)1 193 1 5024 2016 t
10 I f
(flag)5244 2016 w
10 R f
(is given,)1 348 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(act)1462 2136 w
10 R f
( balanced and factored tree of the circuit in the input)10 2169(constructs a)1 483 2 1618 2136 t
10 I f
(file)4303 2136 w
10 R f
(and covers it with gate)4 936 1 4464 2136 t
(patterns from the Actel FPGA gate library, printing the result in human readable form.)13 3453 1 1080 2256 t
(The basic Actel primitive is a two\255level multiplexer, so)8 2214 1 1080 2424 t
10 I f
(act)3320 2424 w
10 R f
( of)1 110(by default tries to express logic trees in terms)8 1822 2 3468 2424 t
( The)1 205(multiplexers prior to template matching.)4 1613 2 1080 2544 t
10 CW f
(\255m)2923 2544 w
10 R f
(flag reduces the zeal of this process.)6 1443 1 3068 2544 t
(The other)1 385 1 1080 2712 t
10 I f
(flags)1490 2712 w
10 R f
( are described in more detail below; here is a summary:)10 2212( They)1 255(select the output format.)3 971 3 1710 2712 t
10 CW f
(\255a)1080 2880 w
10 R f
(print in Actel\255like format suitable for)5 1484 1 1440 2880 t
10 I f
(adil)2949 2880 w
10 R f
(.)3113 2880 w
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 3048 w
10 R f
(generate a C program for simulation.)5 1475 1 1440 3048 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 3216 w
10 R f
(debug; just print the resulting tree.)5 1377 1 1440 3216 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 3384 w
10 I f
(n)1208 3384 w
10 R f
(set maximum fanout to)3 925 1 1440 3384 t
10 I f
(n)2390 3384 w
10 R f
(\(default 10\))1 468 1 2465 3384 t
10 CW f
(\255u)1080 3552 w
10 R f
(unique; find common subexpressions)3 1491 1 1440 3552 t
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 3720 w
10 R f
(verbose; include pin names in output)5 1474 1 1440 3720 t
(The)1080 3888 w
10 CW f
(\255u)1267 3888 w
10 R f
(flag causes)1 447 1 1419 3888 t
10 I f
(act)1898 3888 w
10 R f
(to output gate counts and usage \(if default output is selected\) or indicating fanout)13 3347 1 2053 3888 t
(\(for debug output\).)2 757 1 1080 4008 t
10 I f
(Act)1887 4008 w
10 R f
(adds buffers when a signal or gate fanout exceeds the maximum specified by)12 3071 1 2045 4008 t
10 CW f
(\255f)5141 4008 w
10 R f
(.)5261 4008 w
10 I f
(Adil)1080 4176 w
10 R f
(takes output from)2 719 1 1279 4176 t
10 CW f
(act \255a)1 367 1 2030 4176 t
10 R f
( Actel ADL format that can be fed to the proprietary Unix\255)11 2435(and produces)1 536 2 2429 4176 t
(resident Actel placing and routing software.)5 1752 1 1080 4296 t
( program generated by)3 954(The C)1 264 2 1080 4464 t
10 CW f
(act \255c)1 378 1 2341 4464 t
10 R f
(can be compiled and loaded with loader options)7 2037 1 2762 4464 t
10 CW f
(\255lsim \255lg)1 558 1 4842 4464 t
(\255lstdio)1080 4584 w
10 R f
( traces in an)3 521( resulting executable is a simulator that displays signal)8 2302(. The)1 245 3 1500 4584 t
10 I f
(8\275)4607 4584 w
10 R f
(\(1\) window and)2 660 1 4740 4584 t
(takes the following arguments:)3 1235 1 1080 4704 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 4872 w
10 R f
( values of the named)4 842(display the)1 439 2 1440 4872 t
10 I f
(ids.)2750 4872 w
10 R f
(Each)2921 4872 w
10 I f
(id)3149 4872 w
10 R f
(may be an identifier or an element of an)8 1628 1 3256 4872 t
10 I f
(lde)4913 4872 w
10 R f
(array, in)1 336 1 5064 4872 t
(the form)1 341 1 1440 4992 t
10 I f
(id)1806 4992 w
10 CW f
([)1892 4992 w
10 I f
(n)1960 4992 w
10 CW f
(])2018 4992 w
10 R f
(where)2103 4992 w
10 I f
(n)2371 4992 w
10 R f
(is an integer.)2 513 1 2446 4992 t
10 CW f
(\255i)1080 5160 w
10 R f
(set the initial value of the named)6 1304 1 1440 5160 t
10 I f
(ids)2769 5160 w
10 R f
(to the corresponding)2 821 1 2911 5160 t
10 I f
(values.)3757 5160 w
10 CW f
(\255g)1080 5328 w
10 R f
(suppress graphics; give textual output only)5 1713 1 1440 5328 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 5496 w
10 R f
(set number of iterations for the simulation)6 1682 1 1440 5496 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 5664 w
10 R f
(set half period of the named)5 1117 1 1440 5664 t
10 I f
(ids)2582 5664 w
10 R f
(to the corresponding)2 821 1 2724 5664 t
10 I f
(periods,)3570 5664 w
10 R f
(forcing the)1 435 1 3920 5664 t
10 I f
(ids)4380 5664 w
10 R f
(to be clock signals.)3 766 1 4522 5664 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 5832 w
10 R f
(suppress screen graphics; output)3 1295 1 1440 5832 t
10 I f
(pic)2760 5832 w
10 R f
(\(1\) input.)1 372 1 2890 5832 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 6000 w
10 R f
(specify the trigger values for the named)6 1585 1 1440 6000 t
10 I f
(ids.)3050 6000 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 6168 w
10 R f
(draw a guide edge when)4 969 1 1440 6168 t
10 I f
(id)2434 6168 w
10 R f
(attains)2537 6168 w
10 I f
(value.)2823 6168 w
10 R f
(Given the number of details involved in running a simulation, simulators are typically invoked from)14 4028 1 1080 6336 t
10 I f
(mk)5135 6336 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)5259 6336 w
(If the)1 217 1 1080 6456 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1326 6456 w
10 R f
( format for this input)4 845( The)1 208( takes forcing input from standard input.)6 1630(flag is not given, the simulator)5 1242 4 1475 6456 t
(is identical to that of the output, so it is possible to run simulators in a pipeline.)16 3162 1 1080 6576 t
(Beware when catenating multiple)3 1360 1 1080 6744 t
10 I f
(minterm)2472 6744 w
10 R f
(files to form input to)4 856 1 2837 6744 t
10 I f
(act)3725 6744 w
10 R f
( scope of external symbols in the)6 1363(; the)1 182 2 3855 6744 t
( the other hand, this approach makes it easy to add an)11 2168( On)1 175( can be name conflicts.)4 929(input files is lost, so there)5 1048 4 1080 6864 t
(external environment to a simulation.)4 1496 1 1080 6984 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 7152 t
10 R f
( 494)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( ACT)1 3950(ACT \( 10.1 \))3 465 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(/$objtype/lib/libsim.a)1080 960 w
10 R f
(simulator driver)1 641 1 2520 960 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1128 t
10 I f
(lde)1080 1248 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))1210 1248 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 1416 t
10 I f
(Adil)1080 1536 w
10 R f
(should be subsumed in)3 914 1 1272 1536 t
10 I f
(act)2211 1536 w
(Act)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(doesn't check the fanout of buffers it adds.)7 1707 1 1238 1656 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 495)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( ANNOTATE)1 3607(ANNOTATE \( 10.1 \))3 808 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(annotate)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1443 1080 w
10 R f
(annotate circuit schematic files with pin numbers)6 1964 1 1533 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/annotate)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(net\255list net\255files)1 625 1 1825 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Annotate)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( the net\255list file \(output from)5 1166(takes the pin numbers from)4 1109 2 1470 1656 t
10 I f
(cdmglob)3775 1656 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\)\) and the net files \(output)5 1273 1 4127 1656 t
(from)1080 1776 w
10 I f
(gnet)1300 1776 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\) and stored in filenames ending in)6 1601 1 1480 1776 t
10 CW f
(.w)3107 1776 w
10 R f
( the pin numbers to cor\255)5 957(\) and writes the coordinates of)5 1216 2 3227 1776 t
(responding files with a)3 943 1 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(.a)2058 1896 w
10 R f
( combined with the corresponding)4 1405(suffix. When)1 556 2 2213 1896 t
10 CW f
(.g)4209 1896 w
10 R f
( older, depre\255)2 556(files \(or the)2 480 2 4364 1896 t
(cated)1080 2016 w
10 CW f
(.j)1315 2016 w
10 R f
(files\), circuit schematics will display pin numbers next to chips.)9 2551 1 1460 2016 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2184 t
10 I f
(cdmglob)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)1432 2304 w
10 I f
(graw)1723 2304 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))1937 2304 w
( 496)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.6 \))3 265( CDL)1 3950(CDL \( 10.6 \))3 465 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(cdl)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1227 1080 w
10 R f
(circuit description language)2 1109 1 1317 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
( the various circuit design aid programs are expressed in dialects of)11 2719(The circuit descriptions used by)4 1284 2 1080 1368 t
8 R f
(CDL)5111 1368 w
10 S1 f
(\320)5300 1368 w
10 R f
( complete project specification; namely an)5 1749( is half of a)4 497( This)1 240(the circuit design language described below.)5 1834 4 1080 1488 t
( other half, a physical layout with pins and)8 1781( The)1 215(electrical circuit with chips, pins and connecting signals.)7 2324 3 1080 1608 t
(chip positions, is described in)4 1198 1 1080 1728 t
10 I f
(fizz)2306 1728 w
10 R f
( others)1 271( commands described below are recommended;)5 1913( The)1 208(\(10.6\) format.)1 560 4 2448 1728 t
(exist and may work but are regarded as obsolete.)8 1948 1 1080 1848 t
( gn n)2 54( ig)1 52( si)1 30( es)1 41( de)1 46( d)1 93( c)1 2( ic)1 46( og gi)2 82(L Lo)1 113 10 870 2136 t
(A circuit consists of)3 805 1 1080 2256 t
10 I f
(chips)1911 2256 w
10 R f
(connected by)1 530 1 2148 2256 t
10 I f
(signals.)2704 2256 w
10 R f
( connection is denoted by a)5 1100(The point of)2 496 2 3039 2256 t
10 I f
(pin.)4662 2256 w
10 R f
(Each chip has)2 558 1 4842 2256 t
(a)1080 2376 w
10 I f
(type)1149 2376 w
10 R f
( example,)1 388( \(For)1 222(which describes its logical and electrical characteristics.)6 2236 3 1340 2376 t
10 CW f
(74S181)4211 2376 w
10 R f
(is a chip type.\))3 588 1 4596 2376 t
( A)1 131( identified by name and number.)5 1343( Pins are)2 412( by name.)2 409(Types, signals, and chips are identified)5 1596 5 1080 2544 t
10 I f
(name)5005 2544 w
10 R f
(is a)1 145 1 5255 2544 t
( of the characters)3 701(string of letters, digits, or any)5 1215 2 1080 2664 t
10 CW f
(+\255.$/:<=>[]_)3027 2664 w
10 R f
( the first character may not)5 1102(. Sometimes,)1 551 2 3747 2664 t
( name may not be longer than 16 characters.)8 1765( A)1 122(be a digit.)2 397 3 1080 2784 t
(In the following description, literals appear as)6 1893 1 1080 2952 t
10 CW f
(constantwidth)3008 2952 w
10 R f
(and names are in)3 706 1 3824 2952 t
10 I f
(italic.)4566 2952 w
10 R f
([ ] enclose an)3 567 1 4833 2952 t
(optional item and a list of items is written)8 1667 1 1080 3072 t
({)1440 3240 w
10 I f
(item)1496 3240 w
10 R f
(})1676 3240 w
( comment starts with a)4 909( A)1 123( semi\255colon.)1 495(Commands are separated by either newline or)6 1829 4 1080 3408 t
10 CW f
(%)4462 3408 w
10 R f
(and ends with a new\255)4 852 1 4548 3408 t
( white space serves only to separate tokens.)7 1735( All)1 178(line and may appear on any line.)6 1300 3 1080 3528 t
( l)1 2( al)1 30( ra)1 46( er)1 35( ne)1 46( en)1 52(G Ge)1 118 7 870 3696 t
10 CW f
(.f)1080 3816 w
10 R f
([)1225 3816 w
10 I f
(file)1283 3816 w
10 R f
(])1436 3816 w
(Subsequent input originated in)3 1225 1 1080 3936 t
10 I f
(file .)1 178 1 2330 3936 t
10 R f
(If)2533 3936 w
10 I f
(file)2624 3936 w
10 R f
(is not present, the previous file name is restored.)8 1936 1 2777 3936 t
10 CW f
(.q)1080 4104 w
10 R f
(End of file.)2 452 1 1080 4224 t
( on n)2 54( ti io)2 82( pt)1 30( ip)1 52( ri)1 30( cr)1 35( sc)1 46( es)1 41( De)1 46( D)1 115( l)1 2( al)1 30( gn na)2 98( ig)1 52(S Si)1 86 15 870 4392 t
10 I f
(signal)1080 4512 w
10 R f
([)1350 4512 w
10 I f
(pin\255number)1408 4512 w
10 R f
(] [ [)2 149 1 1899 4512 t
10 I f
(,)2073 4512 w
10 R f
(])2123 4512 w
10 I f
(pin\255name)2181 4512 w
10 R f
(])2583 4512 w
10 I f
(name)1080 4632 w
10 R f
(=)1321 4632 w
10 I f
(signal)1402 4632 w
10 R f
( definitions refer to the most recent)6 1445( Signal)1 313( not start with a period are signal definition lines.)9 2028(Lines that do)2 534 4 1080 4752 t
10 CW f
(.c)1080 4872 w
10 R f
( pin name and number refer to the chip.)8 1577(command. The)1 624 2 1225 4872 t
( on n)2 54( ti io)2 82( pt)1 30( ip)1 52( ri)1 30( cr)1 35( sc)1 46( es)1 41( De)1 46( D)1 115( it t)2 32( ui)1 30( cu)1 52( rc)1 46( ir)1 35(C Ci)1 97 16 870 5040 t
10 CW f
(.c)1080 5160 w
10 I f
(name)1225 5160 w
10 R f
([ [)1 91 1 1466 5160 t
10 CW f
(,)1582 5160 w
10 R f
(])1667 5160 w
10 I f
(type)1725 5160 w
10 R f
(])1916 5160 w
(Instantiates the chip)2 821 1 1080 5280 t
10 I f
(name)1937 5280 w
10 R f
(with type)1 386 1 2189 5280 t
10 I f
(type.)2611 5280 w
10 R f
( command may)2 640( The)1 217( typically used for I/O connectors.)5 1424(This is)1 281 4 2838 5280 t
( The)1 221(occur more than once.)3 934 2 1080 5400 t
10 I f
(type)2276 5400 w
10 R f
( Signal)1 321( only be specified once in a circuit description.)8 1986(of a chip need)3 610 3 2483 5400 t
(descriptions that follow a)3 1013 1 1080 5520 t
10 CW f
(.c)2118 5520 w
10 R f
(command refer to pins on the chip.)6 1395 1 2263 5520 t
10 CW f
(.c)1080 5688 w
10 I f
(name)1225 5688 w
10 CW f
(=)1466 5688 w
10 I f
(chip)1551 5688 w
10 R f
(Establish)1080 5808 w
10 I f
(name)1472 5808 w
10 R f
(as a synonym for the previously defined)6 1603 1 1713 5808 t
10 I f
(chip)3341 5808 w
10 R f
(.)3521 5808 w
10 CW f
(.m)1080 5976 w
10 I f
(name1 name2)1 557 1 1225 5976 t
10 R f
( signal)1 264( The)1 205(Macro parameter definition.)2 1122 3 1080 6096 t
10 I f
(name1)2696 6096 w
10 R f
(is to be associated with macro parameter)6 1624 1 2987 6096 t
10 I f
(name2.)4636 6096 w
10 R f
( on n)2 54( ti io)2 82( pt)1 30( ip)1 52( ri)1 30( cr)1 35( sc)1 46( es)1 41( De)1 46( D)1 115( e)1 2( yp pe)2 98( Ty)1 52( T)1 104( p)1 2( ip)1 52( hi)1 30(C Ch)1 119 18 870 6264 t
10 CW f
(.t)1080 6384 w
10 I f
(name package)1 573 1 1225 6384 t
10 R f
([)1823 6384 w
10 I f
(pin)1864 6384 w
10 R f
(] ...)1 133 1 2000 6384 t
(Define a chip type)3 758 1 1080 6504 t
10 I f
(name.)1871 6504 w
10 R f
(The name of the)3 675 1 2145 6504 t
10 I f
(package)2853 6504 w
10 R f
(in which it is installed, and pin numbers,)7 1688 1 3219 6504 t
10 I f
(pin,)4941 6504 w
10 R f
(for the)1 272 1 5128 6504 t
( if present, must be in the same)7 1285( special voltage pin numbers,)4 1196( The)1 212(special signal connections are specified.)4 1627 4 1080 6624 t
( usage is discouraged; use the)5 1239( This)1 239( the special signals are numbered.)5 1402(sequence with which)2 857 4 1080 6744 t
10 CW f
(.t)4853 6744 w
10 R f
([)4973 6744 w
10 CW f
(tT)5006 6744 w
10 R f
(] com\255)1 274 1 5126 6744 t
( \(See)1 237(mands described below.)2 982 2 1080 6864 t
10 CW f
(.v)2334 6864 w
10 R f
( commands of the form)4 972(command.\) All)1 640 2 2489 6864 t
10 CW f
(.t)4136 6864 w
10 R f
( follow a)2 373( meant to)2 392(? are)1 225 3 4256 6864 t
10 CW f
(.t)5280 6864 w
10 R f
(line.)1080 6984 w
10 CW f
(.t)1080 7152 w
10 I f
(name)1225 7152 w
10 CW f
(=)1466 7152 w
10 I f
(type)1551 7152 w
(name)1080 7272 w
10 R f
(is a synonym for)3 669 1 1321 7272 t
10 I f
(type .)1 216 1 2015 7272 t
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 497)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.6 \))3 265( CDL)1 3950(CDL \( 10.6 \))3 465 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(.tt)1080 960 w
10 I f
(sequence)1293 960 w
10 S f
(_)1658 960 w
10 I f
(of)1708 960 w
10 S f
(_)1786 960 w
10 I f
(single)1836 960 w
10 S f
(_)2075 960 w
10 I f
(character)2125 960 w
10 S f
(_)2513 960 w
10 I f
(pin)2563 960 w
10 S f
(_)2691 960 w
10 I f
(descriptors)2741 960 w
10 R f
( of pins on this)4 623(The number of characters must equal the numbers)7 2040 2 1080 1080 t
10 I f
(type)3775 1080 w
10 R f
( meaning of the descriptors is)5 1214(. The)1 237 2 3949 1080 t
(given in)1 325 1 1080 1200 t
10 I f
(smoke)1430 1200 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\).)1687 1200 w
10 CW f
(.tT)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(sequence)1293 1368 w
10 S f
(_)1658 1368 w
10 I f
(of)1708 1368 w
10 S f
(_)1786 1368 w
10 I f
(single)1836 1368 w
10 S f
(_)2075 1368 w
10 I f
(character)2125 1368 w
10 S f
(_)2513 1368 w
10 I f
(pin)2563 1368 w
10 S f
(_)2691 1368 w
10 I f
(descriptors)2741 1368 w
10 R f
(This means the same as the equivalent)6 1543 1 1080 1488 t
10 CW f
(.tt)2650 1488 w
10 R f
(command except that every)3 1106 1 2857 1488 t
10 CW f
([gvwxyz])3990 1488 w
10 R f
( have a corre\255)3 553(pin must)1 350 2 4497 1488 t
(sponding)1080 1608 w
10 CW f
(.vb)1472 1608 w
10 R f
(pin.)1677 1608 w
10 CW f
(.tp)1080 1776 w
10 I f
(name number)1 546 1 1285 1776 t
10 R f
(...)1856 1776 w
(The given pin)2 583 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(name)1702 1896 w
10 R f
(is associated with the pin)4 1061 1 1957 1896 t
10 I f
(number. Name)1 602 1 3057 1896 t
10 R f
(may contain generators such as)4 1303 1 3698 1896 t
10 CW f
(Q[0\2557])5040 1896 w
10 R f
(which cause pin names)3 947 1 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
( Q7)1 152(Q0 ...)1 333 2 2060 2016 t
10 R f
( bracket constructs)2 762( Multiple)1 402(to be assigned to the pin numbers given.)7 1659 3 2577 2016 t
( any case, the resulting list is lexicographically sorted before assigning to pin numbers.)13 3471( In)1 133(may be used.)2 524 3 1080 2136 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2304 t
10 I f
(cdm \(10.1\))1 432 1 1080 2424 t
10 R f
( 498)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( CDMGLOB)1 3650(CDMGLOB \( 10.1 \))3 765 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(cdmglob, cdmglob.errors)1 1007 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2112 1080 w
10 R f
(expand circuit macros)2 881 1 2202 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/cdmglob)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1765 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255L)1823 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1968 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255f)2084 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2229 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255k)2345 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2490 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255v)2606 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2751 1368 t
10 I f
(files)2867 1368 w
10 R f
(])3059 1368 w
10 CW f
(cdmglob.errors)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(error)1945 1536 w
10 S f
(_)2156 1536 w
10 I f
(file)2206 1536 w
10 S f
(_)2334 1536 w
10 I f
(from)2384 1536 w
10 S f
(_)2573 1536 w
10 I f
(cdmglob)2623 1536 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Cdmglob)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(reads a circuit described in)4 1085 1 1476 1824 t
8 R f
(CDL)2585 1824 w
10 R f
( calls are expanded and pin num\255)6 1349( Macro)1 315( files.)1 227(from the specified)2 734 4 2775 1824 t
( expanded)1 408( The)1 206( for pin names.)3 602(bers are substituted)2 775 4 1080 1944 t
8 R f
(CDL)3092 1944 w
10 R f
( error output is)3 594( The)1 206(is printed on the standard output.)5 1321 3 3279 1944 t
( that names in)3 579( Note)1 251(used for diagnostics.)2 838 3 1080 2064 t
8 R f
(CDL)2780 2064 w
10 R f
( so that care should be taken to keep)8 1511(are restricted in length)3 916 2 2973 2064 t
( options available are:)3 879( The)1 205(macro names short.)2 779 3 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(\255L)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(generates)1440 2304 w
8 R f
(LSL)1841 2304 w
10 R f
(instead of)1 391 1 2009 2304 t
8 R f
(CDL)2425 2304 w
10 R f
(.)2586 2304 w
10 CW f
(\255)1080 2424 w
10 R f
(means standard input.)2 874 1 1440 2424 t
(The)1080 2544 w
10 CW f
(\255f)1260 2544 w
10 R f
( The)1 205(option causes macro calls to be recursively expanded in\255line.)8 2431 2 1405 2544 t
10 CW f
(\255k)4067 2544 w
10 R f
(option causes shape instances)3 1187 1 4213 2544 t
( The)1 207(to be renamed to the name of the first actual output argument.)11 2490 2 1080 2664 t
10 CW f
(\255v)3804 2664 w
10 R f
( name of the pin to)5 757(option causes the)2 692 2 3951 2664 t
( is needed for)3 540( This)1 228(be output on the line.)4 847 3 1080 2784 t
10 I f
(annotate)2720 2784 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\).)3078 2784 w
( s)1 2( on ns)2 93( it ti io)3 112( ni)1 30( in)1 52( fi)1 30( ef)1 35( De)1 46( D)1 99( o)1 2( ro)1 52( ac cr)2 81(M Ma)1 135 13 870 2904 t
(A macro definition corresponds to a file containing)7 2107 1 1080 3024 t
8 R f
(CDL)3216 3024 w
10 R f
( a definition)2 503( name of the file for)5 840(. The)1 239 3 3377 3024 t
10 I f
(d)4994 3024 w
10 R f
(is)5079 3024 w
10 I f
(d)5181 3024 w
10 CW f
(.w)5239 3024 w
10 R f
(.)5375 3024 w
(Such)1080 3144 w
8 R f
(CDL)1309 3144 w
10 R f
(files may be produced using)4 1162 1 1504 3144 t
10 I f
(gnet)2700 3144 w
10 R f
( These)1 296( names as parameters.)3 899( may have signal)3 701(\(10.1\). Macros)1 624 4 2880 3144 t
( signal names associated with the macro pin is)8 1880( \(set of\) formal)3 610( The)1 208(parameters are identified by a pin name.)6 1622 4 1080 3264 t
( this)1 171( In)1 134(replaced when the macro is called with actual signal names, unless the formal signal name is global.)16 4015 3 1080 3384 t
(latter case the actual and formal signal names must be the same.)11 2556 1 1080 3504 t
( s)1 2( ll ls)2 71( ca al)2 76( c)1 71( o)1 2( ro)1 52( ac cr)2 81(M Ma)1 135 8 870 3624 t
(A chip of type)3 574 1 1080 3744 t
10 I f
(d)1679 3744 w
10 R f
(is a macro call if the file)6 970 1 1754 3744 t
10 I f
(d)2749 3744 w
10 CW f
(.w)2807 3744 w
10 R f
( exists, the chip is assumed to be primi\255)8 1588( no such file)3 491(exists. If)1 369 3 2952 3744 t
(tive \(as in, say,)3 611 1 1080 3864 t
10 CW f
(74S181)1719 3864 w
10 R f
(\), and if the type is surrounded by)7 1369 1 2079 3864 t
10 CW f
(<>)3475 3864 w
10 R f
(brackets, the chip is an input output connec\255)7 1778 1 3622 3864 t
(tor. If)1 256 1 1080 3984 t
10 I f
(d)1365 3984 w
10 CW f
(.w)1423 3984 w
10 R f
(exists then it is the definition of the macro)8 1720 1 1572 3984 t
10 I f
(d .)1 91 1 3322 3984 t
10 R f
(Signal parameters of the macro are drawn in the)8 1957 1 3443 3984 t
( and the signal is)4 688( pin name is the macro parameter name)7 1606( The)1 210(same way as signals are connected to a chip.)8 1816 4 1080 4104 t
( be)1 127( given macro can)3 705( A)1 129( name of the chip is interpreted as a macro name.)10 2029( The)1 212(the actual signal parameter.)3 1118 6 1080 4224 t
( not)1 156( may)1 201( Macros)1 353(called more than once, different instances being generated by different macro call names.)12 3610 4 1080 4344 t
(be called recursively.)2 850 1 1080 4464 t
( s)1 2( es)1 41( me)1 46( am)1 80(N Na)1 118 5 870 4584 t
(Signal, chip and pin names consist of letters, digits and the characters)11 2832 1 1080 4704 t
10 CW f
(+\255/$)3942 4704 w
10 R f
( of individual signals)3 860(. Names)1 358 2 4182 4704 t
( in a group may also be generated:)7 1519(in a bundle or of chips)5 1006 2 1080 4824 t
10 CW f
(name[ac\255f])3651 4824 w
10 R f
(generates)4297 4824 w
10 CW f
(namea namec)1 681 1 4719 4824 t
(named namee namef)2 1024 1 1080 4944 t
10 R f
(;)2104 4944 w
10 CW f
(name{a,c,d,e,f})2159 4944 w
10 R f
( be longer than one charac\255)5 1097(will do the same thing but can)6 1217 2 3086 4944 t
(ter.)1080 5064 w
10 CW f
(name<i:j>)1270 5064 w
10 R f
(generates)1845 5064 w
10 CW f
(name)2256 5064 w
10 I f
(i)2504 5064 w
10 R f
(...)2567 5064 w
10 CW f
(name)2702 5064 w
10 I f
(j)2950 5064 w
10 R f
(where)3012 5064 w
10 I f
(i)3289 5064 w
10 R f
(and)3351 5064 w
10 I f
(j)3529 5064 w
10 R f
(are represented in decimal as strings, all the)7 1809 1 3591 5064 t
( Thus,)1 275(same length.)1 505 2 1080 5184 t
10 CW f
(BUS01)1885 5184 w
10 R f
(\(and not)1 330 1 2210 5184 t
10 CW f
(BUS1)2565 5184 w
10 R f
(\) is in the set)4 511 1 2805 5184 t
10 CW f
(BUS<0:15>)3341 5184 w
10 R f
(.)3881 5184 w
(The set of generated names can be separated by an amount)10 2493 1 1080 5304 t
10 CW f
(k)3613 5304 w
10 R f
(by writing)1 429 1 3713 5304 t
10 CW f
(name<i:k:k>)4182 5304 w
10 R f
(and multiple)1 518 1 4882 5304 t
(indexing is allowed:)2 811 1 1080 5424 t
10 CW f
(name<i:j><p:q>)1916 5424 w
10 R f
( the two generation methods is allowed.)6 1590(. Mixing)1 370 2 2756 5424 t
( local to a macro definition unless the name contains a)10 2229(Signal and chip names have scope)5 1392 2 1080 5544 t
10 CW f
(/)4732 5544 w
10 R f
( name con\255)2 455(. A)1 153 2 4792 5544 t
(taining a)1 351 1 1080 5664 t
10 CW f
(/)1460 5664 w
10 R f
( Sig\255)1 220( names are also available throughout a circuit.)7 1856( Connector)1 469(is available throughout a circuit.)4 1306 4 1549 5664 t
( used as formal parameters in a macro definition are replaced during macro expansion)13 3531(nal and chip names)3 789 2 1080 5784 t
(with the sequence of macro call names separated by)8 2072 1 1080 5904 t
10 CW f
(/)3177 5904 w
10 R f
(and ending with the actual parameter signal name.)7 2007 1 3262 5904 t
( ng g)2 54( in)1 52( hi)1 30( ch)1 52( tc)1 46( at)1 30( Ma)1 46( M)1 116( e)1 2( me)1 46( am)1 80(N Na)1 118 12 870 6024 t
( pin pattern searches all pin)5 1135( A)1 130( be generated from patterns.)4 1148(The names of pins, signals and chips may also)8 1907 4 1080 6144 t
( the follow\255)2 466( have)1 214( Patterns)1 373( and chip patterns search all signal or chip names.)9 1994( Signal)1 307(names for the chip type.)4 966 6 1080 6264 t
(ing form.)1 372 1 1080 6384 t
10 CW f
(*)1440 6504 w
10 R f
(matches any sequence of characters)4 1422 1 1800 6504 t
10 CW f
([...])1440 6624 w
10 R f
(matches any of the characters enclosed)5 1553 1 1800 6624 t
10 CW f
([x\255y])1440 6744 w
10 R f
(matches any character in the \(ASCII\) range)6 1733 1 1800 6744 t
10 CW f
(x)3558 6744 w
10 R f
(to)3643 6744 w
10 CW f
(y)3746 6744 w
(?)1440 6864 w
10 R f
(matches a single character)3 1049 1 1800 6864 t
( on n)2 54( io)1 52( si)1 30( ns)1 41( an)1 52( xp pa)2 98( Ex)1 52( E)1 88( l)1 2( al)1 30( gn na)2 98( ig)1 52(S Si)1 86 13 870 6984 t
(A signal bundle may be connected to one or more chips \(or macro\) without having to write each chip or sig\255)20 4320 1 1080 7104 t
( These)1 302( set of names.)3 591( general each such array is expanded by generating the specified)10 2714( In)1 148(nal explicitly.)1 565 5 1080 7224 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 499)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( CDMGLOB)1 3650(CDMGLOB \( 10.1 \))3 765 3 720 480 t
( Subse\255)1 328( first chip.)2 420( first signal is connected to the first pin of the)10 1865( The)1 210(names are then sorted alphabetically.)4 1497 5 1080 960 t
( next chip is)3 498( no more pins exists then the first pin on the)10 1805( If)1 121(quent signals are connected to successive pins.)6 1896 4 1080 1080 t
( end on the last pin of a chip and there must be no signals unattached)15 2809( signal bundle must always)4 1095(used. The)1 416 3 1080 1200 t
(at the end.)2 413 1 1080 1320 t
10 I f
(Cdmglob.errors)1080 1440 w
10 R f
(takes the error output from)4 1134 1 1763 1440 t
10 I f
(cdmglob)2938 1440 w
10 R f
( finds the real error by looking into the)8 1684(\(10.1\) and)1 426 2 3290 1440 t
(offending)1080 1560 w
10 CW f
(.w)1493 1560 w
10 R f
(files and prints the error on standard output.)7 1753 1 1638 1560 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1728 t
10 I f
(annotate)1080 1848 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)1438 1848 w
10 I f
(cdl)1729 1848 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\))1859 1848 w
( 500)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( DRAWP)1 3789(DRAWP \( 10.1 \))3 626 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(drawp)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1354 1080 w
10 R f
(draw board layout)2 726 1 1444 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/drawp)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1645 1368 w
10 I f
(options...)1686 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2064 1368 t
10 I f
(files...)2163 1368 w
10 R f
(])2413 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Drawp)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(reads files produced by the)4 1159 1 1404 1656 t
10 I f
(fizz)2609 1656 w
10 R f
( suitable for)2 521(\(10.1\) suite of programs and writes output)6 1810 2 2751 1656 t
10 I f
(pic)5129 1656 w
10 R f
(\(1\).)5259 1656 w
(Options are:)1 491 1 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 1944 w
10 R f
(Draw pins associated with chips.)4 1312 1 1440 1944 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 2112 w
10 R f
(Draw datums.)1 560 1 1440 2112 t
10 CW f
(\255H)1080 2280 w
10 R f
(Omit)1440 2280 w
10 I f
(troff)1671 2280 w
10 R f
(\(1\) header.)1 431 1 1852 2280 t
10 CW f
(\255k)1080 2448 w
10 R f
(Display package names.)2 967 1 1440 2448 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1080 2616 w
10 R f
(Plot in landscape mode.)3 955 1 1440 2616 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 2784 w
10 R f
(Plot pins from the board definition.)5 1411 1 1440 2784 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 2952 w
10 R f
(Do not attempt to rotate text when labeling chips.)8 1979 1 1440 2952 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(Display chip types.)2 769 1 1440 3120 t
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 3288 w
10 R f
(Show special\255signal pins.)2 1019 1 1440 3288 t
10 CW f
(\255h)1080 3456 w
10 I f
(file)1233 3456 w
10 R f
(Plot holes as given by)4 878 1 1440 3456 t
10 I f
(file)2343 3456 w
10 R f
(, which is in the)4 636 1 2479 3456 t
9 R f
(XY)3138 3456 w
10 R f
(format accepted by)2 764 1 3293 3456 t
9 R f
(ICON)4080 3456 w
10 R f
(.)4300 3456 w
10 CW f
(\255w)1080 3624 w
10 I f
(file)1233 3624 w
10 R f
(Plot nets as given by)4 828 1 1440 3624 t
10 I f
(file)2293 3624 w
10 R f
(, which is in the)4 636 1 2429 3624 t
9 R f
(XY)3088 3624 w
10 R f
(format accepted by)2 764 1 3243 3624 t
9 R f
(ICON)4030 3624 w
10 R f
(.)4250 3624 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 90( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3792 t
10 I f
(fizz)1080 3912 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)1222 3912 w
10 I f
(pic)1513 3912 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1643 3912 w
10 I f
(troff)1809 3912 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1990 3912 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 501)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( FINDPARTS)1 3605(FINDPARTS \( 10.1 \))3 810 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(findparts, ics, lookup, pins)3 1061 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2166 1080 w
10 R f
(find and manage parts)3 884 1 2256 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/findparts)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1885 1368 w
10 I f
(file)1943 1368 w
10 R f
(... ])1 158 1 2096 1368 t
10 CW f
(cda/ics)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(part)1525 1536 w
10 R f
(...)1717 1536 w
10 CW f
(cda/pins)1080 1704 w
10 I f
(library part ...)2 570 1 1585 1704 t
10 CW f
(cda/lookup)1080 1872 w
10 R f
([)1705 1872 w
10 CW f
(type)1763 1872 w
10 S f
(\357)2003 1872 w
10 CW f
(chip)2052 1872 w
10 S f
(\357)2292 1872 w
10 CW f
(index)2341 1872 w
10 R f
(])2666 1872 w
10 I f
(part ...)1 267 1 2724 1872 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2040 t
10 I f
(Findparts)1080 2160 w
10 R f
(reads the output of)3 761 1 1505 2160 t
10 I f
(getparts)2296 2160 w
10 R f
(\(see)2654 2160 w
10 I f
(fizz)2844 2160 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\)\) and finds the bin number of each part \(or functional)10 2414 1 2986 2160 t
(equivalent\) in the local stockroom.)4 1390 1 1080 2280 t
10 I f
(Ics)1080 2448 w
10 R f
( find the bins for the)5 843(searches the stock list to)4 991 2 1226 2448 t
10 I f
(part)3091 2448 w
10 R f
( arguments should be the name of a)7 1459(arguments. The)1 652 2 3289 2448 t
(chip, such as)2 513 1 1080 2568 t
10 CW f
(74F00)1618 2568 w
10 R f
(.)1918 2568 w
10 I f
(Pins)1080 2736 w
10 R f
(searches the standard pins file to find the pin names of the)11 2365 1 1287 2736 t
10 I f
(part)3681 2736 w
10 R f
( three)1 229( if)1 116(and its relevant pin numbers.)4 1177 3 3878 2736 t
(arguments are given instead of two, then the second argument is used as the pin library filename.)16 3871 1 1080 2856 t
10 I f
(Lookup)1080 3024 w
10 R f
(searches the chip database in one of three modes:)8 2015 1 1411 3024 t
10 CW f
(type)3457 3024 w
10 R f
( database by type, e.g. driver)5 1182(searches the)1 490 2 3728 3024 t
( Mode)1 285( certain names are common \(driver is one of them\).)9 2072( However,)1 443(or dsp.)1 275 4 1080 3144 t
10 CW f
(index)4182 3144 w
10 R f
(should be used first to)4 891 1 4509 3144 t
( option to find all chips)5 941( filtering the output, then use the "type")7 1588( After)1 261(see all the fields for a given chip type.)8 1530 4 1080 3264 t
( Mode)1 283(of that type.)2 480 2 1080 3384 t
10 CW f
(chip)1868 3384 w
10 R f
(looks up all chips with that string, e.g.)7 1528 1 2133 3384 t
10 CW f
(2901)3711 3384 w
10 R f
(will find all)2 467 1 3976 3384 t
10 CW f
(2901)4468 3384 w
10 R f
(chips.)4733 3384 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3552 t
10 CW f
( system)1 540( /sys/lib/cda/lib.pins)1 1333( list)1 347(/n/coma/usr/ucds/lib/stock stock)1 2100 4 1080 3672 t
(pin library)1 660 1 1080 3792 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3960 t
10 R f
(The equivalence classes known to)4 1358 1 1080 4080 t
10 I f
(findparts)2463 4080 w
10 R f
(are fairly crude.)2 633 1 2850 4080 t
(The string matches are done exactly with)6 1641 1 1080 4248 t
10 I f
(grep)2746 4248 w
10 R f
(\(1\); an inverted index would be better.)6 1533 1 2937 4248 t
(The CAPS database is much better than)6 1587 1 1080 4416 t
10 I f
(lookup)2692 4416 w
10 R f
(, but is not on line.)5 748 1 2972 4416 t
( 502)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( FIZZ)1 3939(FIZZ \( 10.1 \))3 476 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
( draw, drills, getparts, kollmorgen, list, pkgplot, place, prance, ring, signal, saf,)11 3295(artwork, check, clip, cvt,)3 1025 2 1080 1080 t
(wrap)1080 1200 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1304 1200 w
10 R f
(physical layout programs)2 1010 1 1394 1200 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1368 t
10 CW f
(cda/artwork)1080 1488 w
10 R f
([)1765 1488 w
10 I f
(option)1823 1488 w
10 R f
(])2104 1488 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2162 1488 t
10 CW f
(cda/check)1080 1656 w
10 R f
([)1645 1656 w
10 CW f
(\255uw)1703 1656 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1908 1656 t
10 CW f
(\255c)2024 1656 w
10 I f
(chip)2152 1656 w
10 R f
(])2349 1656 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2407 1656 t
10 CW f
(cda/clip)1080 1824 w
10 R f
([)1585 1824 w
10 CW f
(\255f)1643 1824 w
10 I f
(clipfile)1771 1824 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2074 1824 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2190 1824 t
10 R f
(])2443 1824 w
10 CW f
(cda/cvt)1080 1992 w
10 R f
([)1525 1992 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1583 1992 t
10 R f
(])1836 1992 w
10 CW f
(cda/draw)1080 2160 w
10 R f
([)1585 2160 w
10 I f
(option)1643 2160 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1924 2160 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2040 2160 t
10 R f
(])2293 2160 w
10 CW f
(cda/drills \255d)1 745 1 1080 2328 t
10 I f
(diams file ...)2 492 1 1833 2328 t
10 CW f
(cda/getparts)1080 2496 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1825 2496 t
10 CW f
(cda/kollmorgen)1080 2664 w
10 R f
([)1945 2664 w
10 CW f
(\255hnbx)2003 2664 w
10 R f
(])2328 2664 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2386 2664 t
10 CW f
(cda/list)1080 2832 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1585 2832 t
10 CW f
(cda/pkgplot)1080 3000 w
10 R f
([)1765 3000 w
10 CW f
(\255bp)1823 3000 w
10 R f
(])2028 3000 w
10 I f
(file)2086 3000 w
10 CW f
(cda/place)1080 3168 w
10 R f
([)1645 3168 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1703 3168 t
10 R f
(])1956 3168 w
10 CW f
(cda/prance)1080 3336 w
10 R f
([)1705 3336 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1763 3336 t
10 R f
(])2016 3336 w
10 CW f
(cda/ring)1080 3504 w
10 R f
([)1585 3504 w
10 CW f
(\255lqsuvadk)1643 3504 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2208 3504 t
10 CW f
(\255z)2324 3504 w
10 I f
(argument)2452 3504 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2860 3504 t
10 CW f
(\255w)2976 3504 w
10 I f
(argument)3104 3504 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3512 3504 t
10 CW f
(\255c)3628 3504 w
10 I f
(argument)3756 3504 w
10 R f
(])4164 3504 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 4222 3504 t
10 CW f
(cda/saf)1080 3672 w
10 R f
([)1525 3672 w
10 CW f
(\255sdru)1583 3672 w
10 R f
(])1908 3672 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1966 3672 t
10 CW f
(cda/signal)1080 3840 w
10 R f
([)1705 3840 w
10 I f
(option)1763 3840 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2044 3840 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2160 3840 t
10 R f
(])2413 3840 w
10 CW f
(cda/wrap)1080 4008 w
10 R f
([)1585 4008 w
10 I f
(option)1643 4008 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1924 4008 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2040 4008 t
10 R f
(])2293 4008 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 4176 t
10 R f
(The)1080 4296 w
10 I f
(fizz)1276 4296 w
10 R f
( physical aspects of creating a wire\255wrap, buried micro\255via or)9 2607(suite of programs handle all the)5 1342 2 1451 4296 t
( the programs take)3 740( All)1 178(microwire board.)1 687 3 1080 4416 t
10 I f
(fizz)2710 4416 w
10 S f
(_)2844 4416 w
10 I f
(format)2894 4416 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\) input;)1 500 1 3169 4416 t
10 I f
(cdl)3694 4416 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\) can be converted with)4 1144 1 3824 4416 t
10 I f
(cvt)4993 4416 w
10 R f
(.)5117 4416 w
( require that the files form a board descrip\255)8 1720(All of the programs can take multiple files; most of the programs)11 2600 2 1080 4584 t
( this is arranged amongst four files \(with recommended suffix\): the board and special signal)14 3680(tion. Normally,)1 640 2 1080 4704 t
(layout \()1 314 1 1080 4824 t
10 CW f
(.brd)1394 4824 w
10 R f
(\), the chip, chip type and net descriptions \(from)8 1945 1 1634 4824 t
10 I f
(cdmglob)3610 4824 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\)\) \()1 338 1 3962 4824 t
10 CW f
(.wx)4300 4824 w
10 R f
(\), the package descrip\255)3 920 1 4480 4824 t
(tions \()1 254 1 1080 4944 t
10 CW f
(.pkg)1334 4944 w
10 R f
(\), and the chip positions \()5 1021 1 1574 4944 t
10 CW f
(.pos)2595 4944 w
10 R f
( arguments are missing, standard input is)6 1635( general, if the file)4 738(\). In)1 192 3 2835 4944 t
(used.)1080 5064 w
10 I f
(Artwork)1080 5352 w
10 R f
(prints various artwork information for the board definition in)8 2436 1 1433 5352 t
10 I f
(files .)1 217 1 3894 5352 t
10 R f
(The options are)2 621 1 4136 5352 t
10 CW f
(\255a)1080 5520 w
10 R f
( in their package defini\255)4 1001(prints XY mask clump includes for all placed chips with artwork fields)11 2959 2 1440 5520 t
(tions.)1440 5640 w
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 5760 w
10 R f
(prints bounding rectangle information for the microwire router.)7 2529 1 1440 5760 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 5880 w
10 R f
(generate silk screen information for chip layout.)6 1921 1 1440 5880 t
10 I f
(Check)1080 6120 w
10 R f
( of the given)3 562(checks the syntax and consistency)4 1440 2 1373 6120 t
10 I f
(files)3420 6120 w
10 R f
(. The)1 250 1 3595 6120 t
10 CW f
(\255u)3890 6120 w
10 R f
(option causes the names of any)5 1345 1 4055 6120 t
( Option)1 332(unplaced chips to be printed.)4 1167 2 1080 6240 t
10 CW f
(\255w)2608 6240 w
10 R f
( checks that no net)4 755( it)1 85( Specifically,)1 556(checks readiness for wrapping.)3 1247 4 2757 6240 t
( more)1 232(is too large; no chip pin coincides with an inappropriate special signal pin, and no chip pin appears on)18 4088 2 1080 6360 t
( Option)1 328(than one signal.)2 630 2 1080 6480 t
10 CW f
(\255c)2063 6480 w
10 I f
(chip)2191 6480 w
10 R f
(prints out detailed information about the named chip.)7 2126 1 2388 6480 t
10 I f
(Clip)1080 6720 w
10 R f
(takes a board description \(in)4 1147 1 1282 6720 t
10 I f
(files)2458 6720 w
10 R f
( a clip description file \()5 954(\) and)1 206 2 2633 6720 t
10 I f
(clipfile)3801 6720 w
10 R f
(\) and checks that all of and only)7 1313 1 4087 6720 t
( always they are directly)4 979( Almost)1 346( on a wirewrap board.)4 876( are simply pins)3 642( Clips)1 264(the clips specified are present.)4 1213 6 1080 6840 t
( do not exist in the rest of the)8 1238( Clips)1 271( signal plane.)2 548(connected to a)2 592 4 1080 6960 t
10 I f
(fizz)3763 6960 w
10 R f
(suite; they are simply special signal)5 1469 1 3931 6960 t
( output reports missing clips in a format)7 1667( The)1 215( there are no file arguments.)5 1169( input is used if)4 661(pins. Standard)1 608 5 1080 7080 t
( clipfile consists of directives \(one per line\) of the forms)10 2246( The)1 205(suitable as part of a board description.)6 1522 3 1080 7200 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 503)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( FIZZ)1 3939(FIZZ \( 10.1 \))3 476 3 720 480 t
([)1570 960 w
10 CW f
(ssig)1603 960 w
10 S f
(\357)1843 960 w
10 CW f
(pin)1892 960 w
10 R f
(])2072 960 w
10 I f
(numbers)2130 960 w
10 R f
([)2499 960 w
10 CW f
(chip)2532 960 w
10 S f
(\357)2772 960 w
10 CW f
(type)2821 960 w
10 R f
(])3061 960 w
10 I f
(identifiers)3119 960 w
10 CW f
(tt)1570 1080 w
10 R f
([)1715 1080 w
10 CW f
(chip)1748 1080 w
10 S f
(\357)1988 1080 w
10 CW f
(type)2037 1080 w
10 R f
(])2277 1080 w
10 I f
(identifiers)2335 1080 w
10 R f
( names \()2 342(Clips are put on either specific chips with the given)9 2065 2 1080 1200 t
10 CW f
(chip)3487 1200 w
10 R f
(\) or chips of specified chip types \()7 1375 1 3727 1200 t
10 CW f
(type)5102 1200 w
10 R f
(\).)5342 1200 w
(The clips are put on either the specified pins \()9 1998 1 1080 1320 t
10 CW f
(pin)3078 1320 w
10 R f
(\) or pins belonging to the specified special signals)8 2142 1 3258 1320 t
(\()1080 1440 w
10 CW f
(ssig)1113 1440 w
10 R f
( identifier)1 393(\). The)1 265 2 1353 1440 t
10 CW f
(ALL)2038 1440 w
10 R f
( starting with a)3 603( Lines)1 274(refers to all chips or types.)5 1069 3 2245 1440 t
10 CW f
(%)4218 1440 w
10 R f
( The)1 208(are ignored.)1 479 2 4305 1440 t
10 CW f
(tt)5020 1440 w
10 R f
(direc\255)5168 1440 w
(tive means pins whose entry in the)6 1412 1 1080 1560 t
10 CW f
(tt)2522 1560 w
10 R f
(field of the type \(or the chip's type\) is one of)10 1841 1 2672 1560 t
10 CW f
(GVWXYZ)4543 1560 w
10 R f
( exam\255)1 278(. For)1 219 2 4903 1560 t
(ple,)1080 1680 w
10 CW f
(ssig 0,1 type 74F374 74F245)4 1620 1 1080 1800 t
10 R f
(Clips on power and ground for all chips of type)9 1895 1 1440 1920 t
10 CW f
(74F374)3360 1920 w
10 R f
(and)3745 1920 w
10 CW f
(74F245)3914 1920 w
10 R f
(.)4274 1920 w
10 CW f
(pin 3\2556,9 chip widget)3 1260 1 1080 2040 t
10 R f
(Clips on pins 3,4,5,6,9 on chip)5 1226 1 1440 2160 t
10 CW f
(widget)2691 2160 w
10 R f
(.)3051 2160 w
10 I f
(Numbers)1080 2280 w
10 R f
(are specified as a comma\255separated list, possibly including)7 2353 1 1467 2280 t
10 I f
(lo)3854 2280 w
10 CW f
(\255)3940 2280 w
10 I f
(hi)4008 2280 w
10 R f
( missing)1 338(ranges. A)1 408 2 4112 2280 t
10 I f
(clipfile)4885 2280 w
10 R f
(argu\255)5190 2280 w
(ment is taken as)3 641 1 1080 2400 t
10 CW f
(tt type ALL)2 660 1 1570 2520 t
10 I f
(Cvt)1080 2760 w
10 R f
(converts)1246 2760 w
8 R f
(CDL)1611 2760 w
10 R f
( and outputs it in)4 685(format input)1 499 2 1799 2760 t
10 I f
(fizz)3011 2760 w
10 S f
(_)3145 2760 w
10 I f
(format)3195 2760 w
10 R f
( no)1 128( If)1 119(\(10.6\) format.)1 560 3 3470 2760 t
10 I f
(files)4305 2760 w
10 R f
(are specified, standard)2 900 1 4500 2760 t
( Typically,)1 458(input is read.)2 519 2 1080 2880 t
10 I f
(cvt)2082 2880 w
10 R f
(is used to process the output of)6 1238 1 2223 2880 t
10 I f
(cdmglob)3486 2880 w
10 R f
( options are:)2 494(\(10.1\). The)1 471 2 3838 2880 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 3000 w
10 R f
(Don't do families)2 705 1 1440 3000 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(Don't emit comments)2 872 1 1440 3120 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 3240 w
10 R f
(Don't emit names)2 716 1 1440 3240 t
10 I f
(Draw)1080 3480 w
10 R f
(generates a)1 448 1 1336 3480 t
10 I f
(plot)1812 3480 w
10 R f
(\(6\) description of the board layout of)6 1493 1 1976 3480 t
10 I f
(files)3497 3480 w
10 R f
( file)1 162( input is used if there are no)7 1133(. Standard)1 433 3 3672 3480 t
( options are)2 466(arguments. The)1 646 2 1080 3600 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 3720 w
10 R f
(Show pins \(as circles\).)3 904 1 1440 3720 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 3840 w
10 R f
(Show chip types rather than chip names.)6 1617 1 1440 3840 t
10 CW f
(\255k)1080 3960 w
10 R f
(Show package names rather than chip names.)6 1815 1 1440 3960 t
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 4080 w
10 R f
(Show special signal pins as)4 1094 1 1440 4080 t
10 I f
(\(n+3\))2559 4080 w
10 R f
(\255gons where)1 490 1 2793 4080 t
10 I f
(n)3308 4080 w
10 R f
(is the signal number.)3 833 1 3383 4080 t
10 CW f
(\255P)1080 4200 w
10 R f
(Draw package descriptions in)3 1183 1 1440 4200 t
10 I f
(pic)2648 4200 w
10 R f
( drawing shows the package name, the bounding)7 1941( Each)1 249(\(1\) format.)1 432 3 2778 4200 t
(rectangle, a cross at the origin, and numbered pin locations.)9 2379 1 1440 4320 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 4440 w
10 R f
(Draws the pin frame.)3 842 1 1440 4440 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 4560 w
10 R f
(Removes the ruler.)2 757 1 1440 4560 t
10 I f
(Drills)1080 4800 w
10 R f
(takes a board description and a set of drill diameters \()10 2190 1 1343 4800 t
10 I f
(diams)3541 4800 w
10 R f
(\) and produces a wraplist \(like that pro\255)7 1612 1 3788 4800 t
(duced by)1 363 1 1080 4920 t
10 I f
(wrap)1468 4920 w
10 R f
(\) with an entry for every pin whose diameter is in that set.)12 2310 1 1682 4920 t
10 I f
(Getparts)1080 5160 w
10 R f
(reads its input files and generates a part list on standard output.)11 2519 1 1455 5160 t
10 I f
(Kollmorgen)1080 5400 w
10 R f
( The)1 206( is to the standard output.)5 1016( Output)1 328(generates the input files needed for Kollmorgen's router.)7 2267 4 1583 5400 t
(options are)1 441 1 1080 5520 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 5640 w
10 R f
(Produce nets)1 513 1 1440 5640 t
10 CW f
(\255b)1080 5760 w
10 R f
( area shouldn't be too unusual.)5 1226( Wiring)1 333(Produce border \(keepouts are also generated\).)5 1827 3 1440 5760 t
10 CW f
(\255h)1080 5880 w
10 R f
( may be wired or not depending on the declaration.)9 2035( Holes)1 283(Produce holes.)1 588 3 1440 5880 t
10 CW f
(\255x)1080 6000 w
10 R f
(Produce correspondence between net names and net numbers)7 2446 1 1440 6000 t
10 I f
(List)1080 6240 w
10 R f
( each instance of it)4 780(makes a fairly complete parts list giving type, package, and comment followed by)12 3357 2 1263 6240 t
( options are:)2 494( The)1 205(with position, rotation, and board side.)5 1544 3 1080 6360 t
10 CW f
(\255b)1080 6480 w
10 R f
(list burnable parts, like PALs.)4 1194 1 1440 6480 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 6600 w
10 R f
(Special Terry Wallis switch)3 1112 1 1440 6600 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 6720 w
10 R f
(Short output)1 498 1 1440 6720 t
10 I f
(Pkgplot)1080 6840 w
10 R f
(generates a plot of the package\(s\) in the input. the options are:)11 2484 1 1416 6840 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 6960 w
10 R f
(Generate Postscript)1 779 1 1440 6960 t
10 CW f
(\255b)1080 7080 w
10 R f
(Generate bottom up instead of chip down view)7 1872 1 1440 7080 t
( 504)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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531 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( FIZZ)1 3939(FIZZ \( 10.1 \))3 476 3 720 480 t
10 I f
(Place)1080 960 w
10 R f
( user)1 198( The)1 212( requires a Plan 9 terminal running 8\275.)7 1611( It)1 117(supports interactive chip placement on a board.)6 1924 5 1338 960 t
( main menu items are)4 860( The)1 205(interface is mouse\255driven.)2 1039 3 1080 1080 t
10 CW f
(select)1080 1200 w
10 R f
( are displayed in the way)5 1000( Signals)1 346( name.)1 267(a submenu allowing selecting chips or signals by)7 1957 4 1830 1200 t
(they would be wired by)4 943 1 1830 1320 t
10 I f
(wrap)2798 1320 w
10 R f
(\(no)3029 1320 w
10 CW f
(\2553)3187 1320 w
10 R f
(support\).)3332 1320 w
10 CW f
(view)1080 1440 w
10 R f
(a submenu supporting zooming, panning, grid overlay and resolution.)8 2784 1 1830 1440 t
10 CW f
(insert)1080 1560 w
10 R f
(insert unplaced chips.)2 868 1 1830 1560 t
10 CW f
(place)1080 1680 w
10 R f
( machine improvement)2 927(a submenu supporting manual placement, machine placement and)7 2643 2 1830 1680 t
(of placement.)1 543 1 1830 1800 t
10 CW f
(read files)1 600 1 1080 1920 t
10 R f
(reset the world and read the given \(blank separated\) filenames.)9 2504 1 1830 1920 t
10 CW f
(write file)1 600 1 1080 2040 t
10 R f
( filename conventionally should have a)5 1567( The)1 205(write out the chip positions.)4 1114 3 1830 2040 t
10 CW f
(.pos)4741 2040 w
10 R f
(suffix.)5006 2040 w
10 CW f
(exit)1080 2160 w
10 R f
(finito.)1830 2160 w
( be edited by the button 2)6 1028( chips can)2 401( Selected)1 389(Chips can be selected by button 1 or by the button 3 submenu.)12 2502 4 1080 2280 t
(menu.)1080 2400 w
10 I f
(Prance)1080 2640 w
10 R f
(generates the input files needed for Cadence's prance router on standard output.)11 3186 1 1393 2640 t
10 I f
(Ring)1080 2880 w
10 R f
(reads a board description and analyses the)6 1739 1 1303 2880 t
10 CW f
(Wire 's)1 430 1 3077 2880 t
10 R f
(therein; these contain the actual route of nets)7 1858 1 3542 2880 t
(including all the inflection points.)4 1373 1 1080 3000 t
10 I f
(Ring)2507 3000 w
10 R f
(walks each net, and starting from each driver calculates the length)10 2675 1 2725 3000 t
( The)1 206( it calculates the gate capacitance and distributed line capacitance.)9 2646( Next,)1 270( the farthest pin\).)3 685(of the net \(to)3 513 5 1080 3120 t
( offending long lines are)4 1008( Any)1 231(rise time of the driver is used to calculate the maximum length of the line.)14 3081 3 1080 3240 t
(reported to the user with the computed impedance of the line.)10 2454 1 1080 3360 t
10 I f
(Saf)1080 3600 w
10 R f
(outputs the packaging data suitable for giving to the automatic placement machine at Lisle.)13 3640 1 1233 3600 t
10 I f
(Signal)1080 3840 w
10 R f
(gives information about signals in the board description in)8 2412 1 1371 3840 t
10 I f
(files)3818 3840 w
10 R f
( input is used if no file)6 966(. Standard)1 441 2 3993 3840 t
( sequences of)2 565( default, all signals are shown as)6 1385( By)1 182(arguments are given.)2 864 4 1080 3960 t
10 I f
(chip)4115 3960 w
10 CW f
(.)4295 3960 w
10 I f
(pin)4363 3960 w
10 CW f
(,)4499 3960 w
10 R f
(one signal per line.)3 802 1 4598 3960 t
( options are)2 466( The)1 205(Note that the lines for the ground and power signals are likely be very long.)14 3020 3 1080 4080 t
10 CW f
(\255w)1080 4200 w
10 R f
(Wrap \(route\) signals before printing.)4 1466 1 1440 4200 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 4320 w
10 I f
(name)1208 4320 w
10 R f
(Show the signal)2 665 1 1440 4440 t
10 I f
(name)2143 4440 w
10 R f
(as both)1 299 1 2397 4440 t
10 I f
(chip . pin)2 401 1 2734 4440 t
10 R f
( Unplaced)1 446( \(one point per line\).)4 874(and board coordinates)2 907 3 3173 4440 t
(chips have negative coordinates.)3 1297 1 1440 4560 t
10 I f
(Wrap)1080 4800 w
10 R f
(generates a wraplist fo rthe board description in)7 1904 1 1327 4800 t
10 I f
(files)3256 4800 w
10 R f
( options are)2 466(. The)1 230 2 3431 4800 t
10 CW f
(\2553)1080 4920 w
10 R f
(don't do TSP)2 534 1 1440 4920 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 5040 w
10 R f
(connect to noconnects)2 887 1 1440 5040 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 5160 w
10 R f
(one post wraps are OK)4 914 1 1440 5160 t
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 5280 w
10 R f
(verbosity)1440 5280 w
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 5400 w
10 R f
(cents instead of mils)3 819 1 1440 5400 t
10 CW f
(\255x)1080 5520 w
10 R f
(don't do wire wraps)3 801 1 1440 5520 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 5640 w
10 R f
(set root string)2 550 1 1440 5640 t
10 CW f
(\255b)1080 5760 w
10 R f
(turn on buried vias)3 752 1 1440 5760 t
10 CW f
(\255j)1080 5880 w
10 R f
(produce a)1 390 1 1440 5880 t
10 CW f
(.br)1855 5880 w
10 R f
(file suitable for the buried microvia router)6 1680 1 2060 5880 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 6000 w
10 R f
(make file for cb router)4 897 1 1440 6000 t
10 CW f
(\255h)1080 6120 w
10 R f
(produce a)1 390 1 1440 6120 t
10 CW f
(.hn)1855 6120 w
10 R f
(file suitable for the buried microvia router)6 1680 1 2060 6120 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6288 t
10 I f
(cdl)1080 6408 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\),)1210 6408 w
10 I f
(fizz)1501 6408 w
10 S f
(_)1635 6408 w
10 I f
(format)1685 6408 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\),)1960 6408 w
10 I f
(saf)2251 6408 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\))2376 6408 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 505)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
(FIZZ)720 480 w
10 S f
(_)931 480 w
10 R f
( FIZZ)1 3005(FORMAT \( 10.6 \))3 682 2 981 480 t
10 S f
(_)4668 480 w
10 R f
(FORMAT \( 10.6 \))3 682 1 4718 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(fizz)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1254 1080 w
10 R f
(physical layout input language)3 1224 1 1344 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 I f
(Fizz)1080 1368 w
10 R f
( section describes the input)4 1122( This)1 238( circuit boards from a circuit description.)6 1693(is a suite of tools to build)6 1066 4 1281 1368 t
(format for the various)3 909 1 1080 1488 t
10 I f
(fizz)2026 1488 w
10 R f
( of the UCDS tools produce files in)7 1497(commands. Most)1 726 2 2197 1488 t
10 I f
(cdl)4457 1488 w
10 R f
( these)1 241(\(10.6\) format;)1 572 2 4587 1488 t
(need to be converted into)4 1009 1 1080 1608 t
10 I f
(fizz)2114 1608 w
10 R f
(format by)1 391 1 2273 1608 t
10 I f
(cvt)2689 1608 w
10 R f
(.)2813 1608 w
( s)1 2( ts)1 41( pt)1 30( ce ep)2 98( on nc)2 98(C Co)1 119 6 870 1776 t
( A)1 134( identified by name and number.)5 1358( are)1 157( Pins)1 234(Types, signals and chips are identified by name.)7 1999 5 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(name)4999 1896 w
10 R f
(is a)1 148 1 5252 1896 t
(string of letters, digits or any of the characters)8 1846 1 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(+\255.$/:<=>[])2952 2016 w
10 S f
(_)3612 2016 w
10 R f
( first character may not be)5 1044( the)1 148(. Sometimes,)1 546 3 3662 2016 t
( name may not be longer than 137 characters.)8 1815( A)1 122(a digit.)1 278 3 1080 2136 t
(The physical design consists of a)5 1353 1 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(board)2465 2304 w
10 R f
(containing)2736 2304 w
10 I f
(pin\255holes)3190 2304 w
10 R f
( description details the positions of the)6 1592(. The)1 238 2 3570 2304 t
( connectors may be considered as chips with)7 1854( I/O)1 194( of the chips.)3 549(pin\255holes and the position and orientation)5 1723 4 1080 2424 t
(unmoveable packages.)1 903 1 1080 2544 t
(The coordinate system for the board has)6 1608 1 1080 2712 t
10 I f
(x)2714 2712 w
10 R f
(increasing to the right and)4 1051 1 2785 2712 t
10 I f
(y)3863 2712 w
10 R f
( origin is at)3 459( The)1 207(increasing upwards.)1 800 3 3934 2712 t
( circuit board and components mounted on)6 1709( The)1 205( left corner; no coordinate should ever be negative.)8 2031(the lower)1 375 4 1080 2832 t
( the axes.)2 378( are positioned so that their sides are parallel to one or other of)13 2511( They)1 256(it are described as rectangles.)4 1175 4 1080 2952 t
( separated)1 405( are expressed as pairs of integers)6 1370( Coordinates)1 538(Measurements are integers measuring 0.001 inch.)5 2007 4 1080 3072 t
(by)1080 3192 w
10 CW f
(/)1208 3192 w
10 R f
(with the)1 328 1 1296 3192 t
10 I f
(x)1652 3192 w
10 R f
( rectangular regions are half open; the upper and right edges)10 2439( All)1 181(coordinate appearing first.)2 1056 3 1724 3192 t
(are outside the rectangle.)3 997 1 1080 3312 t
( x)1 2( ax)1 52( ta)1 46( yn nt)2 82(S Sy)1 108 5 870 3480 t
( Multiple)1 397( item\255type followed by a number of fields.)7 1706( item consists of a)4 726( An)1 173(The input is a sequence of items.)6 1318 5 1080 3600 t
( indicated by a trailing)4 955(fields are)1 383 2 1080 3720 t
10 CW f
({)2457 3720 w
10 R f
(on the keyword line and terminated by a line containing a single)11 2720 1 2556 3720 t
10 CW f
(})5315 3720 w
10 R f
(.)5375 3720 w
( values are spread over multiple lines)6 1564( Certain)1 357( for that field.)3 588(Fields are a keyword followed by the value)7 1811 4 1080 3840 t
(between)1080 3960 w
10 CW f
({})1437 3960 w
10 R f
(as described above.)2 778 1 1582 3960 t
( each coordinate is associated with a)6 1500( Invariably)1 468( list of coordinates.)3 790(It is sometimes necessary to provide a)6 1562 4 1080 4128 t
( one coordinate list consists of the index number followed by its)11 2650( A)1 131(numbered object \(say, a pin number\).)5 1539 3 1080 4248 t
(coordinates as in)2 671 1 1080 4368 t
10 CW f
(28 1700/2500)1 720 1 1440 4536 t
10 R f
( can be described by giving the first and)8 1613(A series of equally spaced and consecutively numbered coordinates)8 2707 2 1080 4656 t
(last coordinates and separating the two with)6 1753 1 1080 4776 t
10 CW f
(\255)2858 4776 w
10 R f
(as in)1 186 1 2943 4776 t
10 CW f
(28 1700/2500 \255 30 1900/2000)4 1620 1 1440 4944 t
10 R f
( consecutive a step size can)5 1139( the index numbers are equally spaced but not)8 1894( If)1 124(Coordinate 29 is 1800/2250.)3 1163 4 1080 5064 t
(follow the)1 408 1 1080 5184 t
10 CW f
(\255)1513 5184 w
10 R f
(as in)1 186 1 1598 5184 t
10 CW f
(12 2000/7000 \2559 147 2000/1000)4 1740 1 1440 5352 t
10 R f
( a letter follows the coordinate specifications,)6 1828( If)1 117(This describes coordinates numbered 12, 21, 30, and so on.)9 2375 3 1080 5472 t
( known drill types are)4 871( The)1 205(it specifies the drill to be used for the pinholes.)9 1876 3 1080 5592 t
10 CW f
(A)1880 5712 w
10 R f
(33)2040 5712 w
10 CW f
(B)2290 5712 w
10 R f
(34)2450 5712 w
10 CW f
(C)2700 5712 w
10 R f
(39)2860 5712 w
10 CW f
(D)3110 5712 w
10 R f
(42)3270 5712 w
10 CW f
(E)3520 5712 w
10 R f
(50)3680 5712 w
10 CW f
(F)3930 5712 w
10 R f
(62)4090 5712 w
10 CW f
(G)4340 5712 w
10 R f
(106)4450 5712 w
10 CW f
(H)1880 5832 w
10 R f
(107)1990 5832 w
10 CW f
(I)2290 5832 w
10 R f
(108)2400 5832 w
10 CW f
(J)2700 5832 w
10 R f
(20)2860 5832 w
10 CW f
(K)3110 5832 w
10 R f
(110)3220 5832 w
10 CW f
(L)3520 5832 w
10 R f
(111)3630 5832 w
10 CW f
(M)3930 5832 w
10 R f
(112)4040 5832 w
10 CW f
(N)4340 5832 w
10 R f
(113)4450 5832 w
10 CW f
(O)1880 5952 w
10 R f
(114)1990 5952 w
10 CW f
(P)2290 5952 w
10 R f
(115)2400 5952 w
10 CW f
(Q)2700 5952 w
10 R f
(116)2810 5952 w
10 CW f
(R)3110 5952 w
10 R f
(117)3220 5952 w
10 CW f
(S)3520 5952 w
10 R f
(118)3630 5952 w
10 CW f
(T)3930 5952 w
10 R f
(119)4040 5952 w
10 CW f
(U)4340 5952 w
10 R f
(100)4450 5952 w
10 CW f
(V)1880 6072 w
10 R f
(20)2040 6072 w
10 CW f
(W)2290 6072 w
10 R f
(122)2400 6072 w
10 CW f
(X)2700 6072 w
10 R f
(123)2810 6072 w
10 CW f
(Y)3110 6072 w
10 R f
(124)3220 6072 w
10 CW f
(Z)3520 6072 w
10 R f
(125)3630 6072 w
( s)1 2( ms)1 41( em)1 80( te)1 46(I It)1 63 5 870 6240 t
( fields are)2 417( Some)1 290( item has a sample input defining all possible fields.)9 2185(In the following descriptions, each)4 1428 4 1080 6360 t
(optional; mandatory fields are marked by)5 1650 1 1080 6480 t
10 CW f
(**)2755 6480 w
10 R f
(which is)1 336 1 2900 6480 t
10 I f
(not)3261 6480 w
10 R f
(part of the actual input.)4 929 1 3414 6480 t
10 CW f
(Board{)1080 6720 w
(name board_name)1 900 1 1140 6840 t
(align 1600/2000 9600/1700 1400/7100 9600/6600)4 2700 1 1140 6960 t
(layer signalside 1)2 1080 1 1140 7080 t
(plane 1 + VCC 2000 2000 8000 8000)7 1980 1 1140 7200 t
10 R f
( 506)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
(FIZZ)720 480 w
10 S f
(_)931 480 w
10 R f
( FIZZ)1 3005(FORMAT \( 10.6 \))3 682 2 981 480 t
10 S f
(_)4668 480 w
10 R f
(FORMAT \( 10.6 \))3 682 1 4718 480 t
10 CW f
(datums 100/100 135 100/8000 45 10000/100 45)6 2580 1 1140 960 t
(})1080 1080 w
10 R f
(The board name is set to)5 1009 1 1080 1200 t
10 I f
(board)2120 1200 w
10 S f
(_)2359 1200 w
10 I f
(name .)1 272 1 2409 1200 t
10 R f
(The alignment points are used by)5 1364 1 2712 1200 t
10 CW f
(wrap \255s)1 427 1 4108 1200 t
10 R f
(to align the board in)4 833 1 4567 1200 t
( The)1 216( given.)1 283( four alignment points must be)5 1285( All)1 190(Joe's semi\255automatic wire wrapping machine.)4 1886 5 1080 1320 t
10 I f
(layer)4976 1320 w
10 R f
(field)5217 1320 w
( layer numbers)2 595( The)1 206( in XY artwork output.)4 917(associates a layer number with a name to be used)9 1965 4 1080 1440 t
10 CW f
(0)4789 1440 w
10 R f
(and)4875 1440 w
10 CW f
(1)5045 1440 w
10 R f
(are the)1 269 1 5131 1440 t
( The)1 209(two outside layers.)2 760 2 1080 1560 t
10 CW f
(plane)2078 1560 w
10 R f
( is)1 95( format)1 295( The)1 209(fields represent signal planes for circuit boards.)6 1917 4 2407 1560 t
10 I f
(layer sense)1 449 1 4951 1560 t
( miny maxx maxy . Sense)5 1021(signame minx)1 557 2 1080 1680 t
10 R f
(is a character meaning add \()5 1151 1 2689 1680 t
10 CW f
(+)3840 1680 w
10 R f
(\) or subtract \()3 558 1 3900 1680 t
10 CW f
(\255)4458 1680 w
10 R f
(\) the rectangle for the)4 882 1 4518 1680 t
(signal)1080 1800 w
10 I f
(signame .)1 391 1 1352 1800 t
10 R f
(The planes can be viewed with)5 1268 1 1775 1800 t
10 I f
(place)3075 1800 w
10 R f
( that multiple signals can be present in)7 1584(\(10.1\). Note)1 517 2 3299 1800 t
( The)1 205(one layer.)1 393 2 1080 1920 t
10 I f
(datums)1703 1920 w
10 R f
( art\255)1 164(field sets the positions and orientations of the three datums \(alignment marks for)12 3219 2 2017 1920 t
( orientation is the angle formed by the two squares in the datum.)12 2572(work\). The)1 468 2 1080 2040 t
10 CW f
(Package{)1080 2280 w
( DIP20)1 360(** name)1 500 2 1080 2400 t
( \255600 0 9600 3000)4 1020(** br)1 380 2 1080 2520 t
( 1 20{)2 360(** pins)1 500 2 1080 2640 t
(1 0/0 \255 10 9000/0 V)5 1140 1 1340 2760 t
(11 9000/3000 \255 20 0/3000 V)5 1560 1 1340 2880 t
(})1140 3000 w
(drills 1 2{)2 660 1 1140 3120 t
(1 500/1500 \255 2 8500/1500 V)5 1560 1 1340 3240 t
(})1140 3360 w
(keepout 0 \255 VCC \2551000 \2554000 10000 3400)7 2280 1 1140 3480 t
(plane 0 \255 VCC \2551000 \2554000 10000 3400)7 2160 1 1140 3600 t
(plane 0 + VDD \255500 \2553500 9500 2900)7 2040 1 1140 3720 t
(xymask clump {)2 840 1 1140 3840 t
(arbitrary XY mask stuff)3 1380 1 1340 3960 t
(})1140 4080 w
(})1080 4200 w
10 R f
( bounding rectangle)2 809( The)1 213(Each package definition may have an arbitrary origin.)7 2206 3 1080 4320 t
10 CW f
(br)4341 4320 w
10 R f
(is used for placement;)3 906 1 4494 4320 t
( The)1 206(the values are ll.x, ll.y, ur.x, ur.y.)6 1332 2 1080 4440 t
10 CW f
(drills)2644 4440 w
10 R f
( bolts etc; it does not affect placement.)7 1542(field is for mounting)3 828 2 3030 4440 t
(Both the)1 350 1 1080 4560 t
10 CW f
(pins)1463 4560 w
10 R f
(and)1736 4560 w
10 CW f
(drills)1913 4560 w
10 R f
( of a package)3 555( Placement)1 475( maximum pin number.)3 966(fields take a minimum and)4 1098 4 2306 4560 t
( rectangle must not intersect any other placed package, and there)10 2639( The)1 211( pins and rectangle.)3 794(involves both its)2 676 4 1080 4680 t
( The)1 218(must be a pin\255hole for each of the pins.)8 1665 2 1080 4800 t
10 CW f
(keepout)3001 4800 w
10 R f
(field looks like a plane definition \(the sense is)8 1941 1 3459 4800 t
(always set to)2 518 1 1080 4920 t
10 CW f
(\255)1624 4920 w
10 R f
( The)1 205( wiring will not enter the specified plane.)7 1642(\). Multiwire)1 509 3 1684 4920 t
10 CW f
(plane)4065 4920 w
10 R f
(fields are similar to those)4 1010 1 4390 4920 t
(in)1080 5040 w
10 CW f
(Board)1196 5040 w
10 R f
( The)1 218(but are instantiated for every chip using this package.)8 2236 2 1534 5040 t
10 CW f
(xymask)4026 5040 w
10 R f
( the clump)2 450(field denotes)1 526 2 4424 5040 t
(name \()1 279 1 1080 5160 t
10 I f
(clump)1367 5160 w
10 R f
(\) for this package and some optional XY mask input \(used by)11 2510 1 1619 5160 t
10 I f
(artwork)4159 5160 w
10 R f
( XY mask input)3 648(\). The)1 268 2 4484 5160 t
(has leading tabs deleted, not white space, as blanks are significant to XY mask.)13 3167 1 1080 5280 t
10 CW f
(Chip{)1080 5520 w
( miscinv)1 480(** name)1 500 2 1080 5640 t
( 74F240)1 420(** type)1 500 2 1080 5760 t
(})1080 5880 w
10 R f
(This simply specifies the chip type.)5 1416 1 1080 6000 t
10 CW f
(Type{)1080 6240 w
( 74F240)1 420(** name)1 500 2 1080 6360 t
( DIP20)1 360(** pkg)1 440 2 1080 6480 t
( F)1 120(** family)1 620 2 1080 6600 t
(tt ii3i3i3i3gi3i3i3i3iv)1 1380 1 1140 6720 t
(})1080 6840 w
10 R f
(The)1080 6960 w
10 CW f
(tt)1267 6960 w
10 R f
( pin whose letter is one of)6 1080( Any)1 230( for every pin of the package.)6 1219(field must have a letter)4 943 4 1419 6960 t
10 CW f
(gvwxyz)4924 6960 w
10 R f
(or)5317 6960 w
10 CW f
(GVWXYZ)1080 7080 w
10 R f
( letters are ignored)3 757( Other)1 281(will be automatically attached to special signal 0,1,2,3,4,5 respectively.)8 2892 3 1470 7080 t
(\(they are used by other tools\).)5 1192 1 1080 7200 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 507)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
(FIZZ)720 480 w
10 S f
(_)931 480 w
10 R f
( FIZZ)1 3005(FORMAT \( 10.6 \))3 682 2 981 480 t
10 S f
(_)4668 480 w
10 R f
(FORMAT \( 10.6 \))3 682 1 4718 480 t
10 CW f
(Net port 4{)2 660 1 1080 960 t
(select 8)1 480 1 1140 1080 t
(miscinv 14)1 600 1 1140 1200 t
(syncff 13)1 540 1 1140 1320 t
(ackff 1)1 420 1 1140 1440 t
(})1080 1560 w
10 R f
( other lines are simple)4 894( All)1 181( and number of points on the item line.)8 1576(Signal nets have the net name)5 1200 4 1080 1680 t
10 I f
(chipname ,)1 441 1 4959 1680 t
(pinnumber)1080 1800 w
10 R f
( descriptions are normally produced by)5 1561(pairs. Net)1 413 2 1538 1800 t
10 I f
(cvt)3537 1800 w
10 R f
(.)3661 1800 w
10 CW f
(Route{)1080 2040 w
( port)1 300(** name)1 500 2 1080 2160 t
( hand)1 300(** alg)1 440 2 1080 2280 t
(route{)1140 2400 w
(ackff 1)1 420 1 1340 2520 t
(miscinv 14)1 600 1 1340 2640 t
(select 8)1 480 1 1340 2760 t
(syncff 13)1 540 1 1340 2880 t
(})1140 3000 w
(layout{)1140 3120 w
(100/2000 A)1 600 1 1340 3240 t
(3450/2000 Z)1 660 1 1340 3360 t
(3400/2000 A)1 660 1 1340 3480 t
(3400/1000)1340 3600 w
(})1140 3720 w
(})1080 3840 w
10 R f
(This describes the routing for net)5 1348 1 1080 3960 t
10 I f
(name .)1 271 1 2458 3960 t
10 R f
( must be one of)4 640(The algorithm)1 574 2 2759 3960 t
10 CW f
(tsp)4004 3960 w
10 R f
(\(normal travelling salesman\),)2 1185 1 4215 3960 t
10 CW f
(tspe)1080 4080 w
10 R f
(\(travelling salesman specifying one end\),)4 1696 1 1358 4080 t
10 CW f
(mst)3092 4080 w
10 R f
(\(minimal spanning tree\),)2 1011 1 3310 4080 t
10 CW f
(mst3)4358 4080 w
10 R f
(\(minimal spanning)1 765 1 4635 4080 t
(tree of degree three\),)3 835 1 1080 4200 t
10 CW f
(default)1942 4200 w
10 R f
(\(whatever is specified in the)4 1133 1 2389 4200 t
10 I f
(wrap)3549 4200 w
10 R f
(command\) and)1 598 1 3782 4200 t
10 CW f
(hand)4407 4200 w
10 R f
(\(the exact order is)3 726 1 4674 4200 t
( routing is a list of)5 741(given\). The)1 487 2 1080 4320 t
10 I f
(chipname)2335 4320 w
10 R f
(,)2731 4320 w
10 I f
(pinnumber)2764 4320 w
10 R f
( layout)1 276( The)1 206( of pin positions.)3 676( layout is a list)4 592(pairs. The)1 426 5 3224 4320 t
( layout is actually a sequence)5 1182( The)1 208( both the width of the trace and as a control.)10 1785(uses the drill field to specify)5 1145 4 1080 4440 t
(of lists of connected segments; a pin with a drill of)10 2036 1 1080 4560 t
10 CW f
(Z)3142 4560 w
10 R f
( trace width for a)4 681( The)1 205( in a particular list.)4 752(is the last pin)3 534 4 3228 4560 t
( above example describes a T\255shaped layout.)6 1787( The)1 205(list is taken from the drill of the first pin for that list.)12 2097 3 1080 4680 t
10 CW f
(Positions{)1080 4920 w
(select 3200/2300 0 0)3 1200 1 1140 5040 t
(miscinv 4900/1700 0 0)3 1260 1 1140 5160 t
(syncff 2400/2700 0 0)3 1200 1 1140 5280 t
(})1080 5400 w
10 R f
( line has the form)4 711( Each)1 252( for each chip.)3 579(Specify the position data)3 997 4 1080 5520 t
10 I f
(chipname coord orientation flags .)4 1398 1 3647 5520 t
10 R f
(The ori\255)1 327 1 5073 5520 t
( following bits in)3 705( The)1 211( the package.)2 535(entation is the number of right angles clockwise to rotate)9 2335 4 1080 5640 t
10 I f
(flags)4897 5640 w
10 R f
(, which)1 300 1 5100 5640 t
(should be initialised to zero, have a defined meaning:)8 2133 1 1080 5760 t
10 CW f
(4)1440 5880 w
10 R f
(this chip is unplaced)3 819 1 1800 5880 t
10 CW f
(8)1440 6000 w
10 R f
(the bounding rectangle is ignored in placement)6 1875 1 1800 6000 t
10 CW f
(16)1440 6120 w
10 R f
(the pinholes are ignored in placement.)5 1525 1 1800 6120 t
10 CW f
(32)1440 6240 w
10 R f
(the names are ignored in the silk screen output.)8 1883 1 1800 6240 t
10 CW f
(Pinholes{)1080 6480 w
(1400/6900 3200 300 10 V)4 1380 1 1140 6600 t
(6650/6900 3200 300 10 V)4 1380 1 1140 6720 t
(1600/1700 8100 1000 10/30 V)4 1620 1 1140 6840 t
(1600/2700 8100 1000 10/30 V)4 1620 1 1140 6960 t
(})1080 7080 w
10 R f
(Each pinhole specification has the form)5 1603 1 1080 7200 t
10 I f
( spacing diam)2 571(coord lx ly)2 435 2 2712 7200 t
10 R f
(which defines a rectangular array of pin\255)6 1652 1 3748 7200 t
( 508)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
(FIZZ)720 480 w
10 S f
(_)931 480 w
10 R f
( FIZZ)1 3005(FORMAT \( 10.6 \))3 682 2 981 480 t
10 S f
(_)4668 480 w
10 R f
(FORMAT \( 10.6 \))3 682 1 4718 480 t
(holes with diameter of)3 911 1 1080 960 t
10 I f
(diam)2021 960 w
10 R f
( the rectangle is)3 641( lower left corner of)4 817(. The)1 235 3 2229 960 t
10 I f
(coord)3951 960 w
10 R f
(, and the width and height are)6 1208 1 4192 960 t
10 I f
(lx,ly)1080 1080 w
10 R f
( pins are placed)3 635(respectively. The)1 716 2 1278 1080 t
10 I f
(spacing)2658 1080 w
10 R f
(apart. If)1 344 1 2998 1080 t
10 I f
(spacing)3371 1080 w
10 R f
(is of the form)3 556 1 3711 1080 t
10 I f
(sx)4297 1080 w
10 R f
(/)4388 1080 w
10 I f
(sy)4424 1080 w
10 R f
(, the spacings in the)4 811 1 4515 1080 t
10 I f
(x)5356 1080 w
10 R f
(and)1080 1200 w
10 I f
(y)1249 1200 w
10 R f
(directions are set independently.)3 1292 1 1318 1200 t
10 CW f
(Vsig 0{)1 420 1 1080 1440 t
(name GND)1 480 1 1140 1560 t
(pins 96{)1 480 1 1140 1680 t
(1 1800/2100 \255 16 9300/2100 A)5 1680 1 1340 1800 t
(17 1800/3100 \255 32 9300/3100 A)5 1740 1 1340 1920 t
(33 1800/4100 \255 48 9300/4100 A)5 1740 1 1340 2040 t
(49 1800/5100 \255 64 9300/5100 A)5 1740 1 1340 2160 t
(65 1800/6100 \255 80 9300/6100 A)5 1740 1 1340 2280 t
(81 1800/6700 \255 96 9300/6700 A)5 1740 1 1340 2400 t
(})1140 2520 w
(})1080 2640 w
10 R f
( signal number follows)3 934( special)1 306( The)1 209(This defines the special signals.)4 1284 4 1080 2760 t
10 CW f
(Vsig)3843 2760 w
10 R f
( are numbered from 1; the)5 1064(. Pins)1 253 2 4083 2760 t
(number of pins is given in the)6 1194 1 1080 2880 t
10 CW f
(pins)2299 2880 w
10 R f
( warning is given if any pins are not specified.)9 1847( A)1 122(field line.)1 383 3 2564 2880 t
10 CW f
(Wires {)1 420 1 1080 3120 t
(level COMP)1 600 1 1140 3240 t
( {)1 180(net iod15)1 540 2 1140 3360 t
(8100/8500)1340 3480 w
(8100/8550)1340 3600 w
(8000/8650)1340 3720 w
(})1140 3840 w
10 R f
( instance of a net creates a new)7 1244( Each)1 250(Wires specify the inflection points of a signal net.)8 1997 3 1080 3960 t
10 I f
(wire)4597 3960 w
10 R f
( level can)2 386(. The)1 231 2 4783 3960 t
(also be specified, although it is ignored by the)8 1840 1 1080 4080 t
10 I f
(fizz)2945 4080 w
10 R f
(tools.)3104 4080 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4248 t
10 I f
(fizz)1080 4368 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))1222 4368 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 509)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( GNET)1 3884(GNET \( 10.1 \))3 531 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(gnet)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1277 1080 w
10 R f
(graw to net)2 449 1 1367 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/gnet)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1585 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255k)1643 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1788 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 1904 1368 t
10 R f
(])2157 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Gnet)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(converts)1303 1656 w
10 I f
(graw)1670 1656 w
10 R f
(files to)1 279 1 1905 1656 t
10 I f
(cdl)2213 1656 w
10 S f
(_)2335 1656 w
10 I f
(format)2385 1656 w
10 R f
( order for part names to be associated with a sym\255)10 2040( In)1 138(\(10.6\) format.)1 562 3 2660 1656 t
(bol, the part name must be)5 1060 1 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(inside)2165 1776 w
10 R f
(the bounding box.)2 725 1 2429 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255k)1080 1944 w
10 R f
( in analog drawings.)3 810( Handy)1 316(Extend the bounding box by two grid points.)7 1789 3 1440 1944 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2112 t
10 CW f
(/lib/graw/gates.g)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(the standard gate file)3 834 1 2280 2232 t
10 CW f
(/lib/graw/analog.g)1080 2352 w
10 R f
(analog parts file)2 643 1 2280 2352 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2520 t
10 I f
(graw)1080 2640 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)1294 2640 w
10 I f
(cdmglob)1585 2640 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))1937 2640 w
( 510)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( GRAW)1 3845(GRAW \( 10.1 \))3 570 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(graw)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1304 1080 w
10 R f
(gnot graphic editor)2 760 1 1394 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(graw)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255f)1403 1368 w
10 I f
(fontfile)1548 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1857 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255g)1973 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2118 1368 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2234 1368 t
10 R f
(])2487 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Graw)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(is a multi\255file graphic editing program specialized for schematic entry.)9 2925 1 1345 1656 t
10 I f
(Graw)4332 1656 w
10 R f
(drawings consist of)2 803 1 4597 1656 t
( defined drawings called)3 996(lines, boxes, text objects, and instantiations of previously)7 2337 2 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(masters.)4444 1776 w
10 R f
(The)4811 1776 w
10 I f
(graw)4997 1776 w
10 R f
(user)5234 1776 w
(interface differs from that of most 5620/gnot programs in that button 1 controls)12 3169 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(all)4274 1896 w
10 R f
(graphical entry.)1 626 1 4405 1896 t
(The)1080 2064 w
10 CW f
(\255g)1266 2064 w
10 R f
(flag invokes an experimental mode in which)6 1817 1 1418 2064 t
10 CW f
(graw)3267 2064 w
10 R f
( The)1 212(attempts to render in grey scale.)5 1310 2 3539 2064 t
10 CW f
(\255f)5093 2064 w
10 R f
(flag)5245 2064 w
(allows the user to specify a font for displaying text objects.)10 2361 1 1080 2184 t
(By default, pressing button 1 will create a line with one end fixed and the other end attached to the cursor as)21 4320 1 1080 2352 t
( by prefacing a drawing operation with)6 1552( other than lines can be drawn)6 1203( Objects)1 356(long as button 1 is held down.)6 1209 4 1080 2472 t
(a button 2)2 412 1 1080 2592 t
10 CW f
(onesies)1523 2592 w
10 S f
(\256)1943 2592 w
10 R f
( 1 is also used for)5 732(selection. Button)1 709 2 2073 2592 t
10 I f
(grabbing)3545 2592 w
10 R f
( takes precedence)2 716(objects. Grabbing)1 741 2 3943 2592 t
(over drawing, and)2 723 1 1080 2712 t
10 I f
(graw)1828 2712 w
10 R f
(evaluates every button 1 hit to see if there is something to grab.)12 2533 1 2059 2712 t
( grabbed)1 354( A)1 130( be grabbed by pointing to its interior.)7 1572( example, a box can)4 823( For)1 196(Grabbing rules vary by object.)4 1245 6 1080 2880 t
( also grab)2 398( a box's corner will)4 800( Grabbing)1 433(box will cause all objects inside or touching it to be grabbed also.)12 2689 4 1080 3000 t
( be grabbed without grabbing the)5 1343( object inside a box may)5 989( An)1 175(objects touching the two sides of that corner.)7 1813 4 1080 3120 t
(box.)1080 3240 w
10 I f
(Graw's)1310 3240 w
10 R f
( author apologizes for cases in which)6 1504( The)1 209( be intuitively obvious.)3 935(grabbing rules are meant to)4 1112 4 1640 3240 t
(this is not true.)3 595 1 1080 3360 t
10 I f
(Graw)1080 3528 w
10 R f
( to)1 108( Typing)1 344( "text point" at the last location of a button 1 hit.)11 1987(keeps a)1 300 4 1337 3528 t
10 I f
(graw)4106 3528 w
10 R f
(creates a text object at the)5 1058 1 4342 3528 t
( object orients itself based on its surroundings each time it is typed at or moved.)15 3282( text)1 182( A)1 129(current text point.)2 727 4 1080 3648 t
( or two ticks, depending on)5 1128(Typing a carriage return causes graw to move the current text point down one)13 3192 2 1080 3768 t
(the surroundings.)1 694 1 1080 3888 t
( button 2 menu entries are)5 1135( The)1 224( editing and file oriented menus, respectively.)6 1939(Buttons 2 and 3 contain)4 1022 4 1080 4056 t
10 CW f
(onesies)1080 4176 w
10 S f
(\256)1500 4176 w
10 CW f
( inst)1 281(\(box, dots, macro\),)2 1172 2 1675 4176 t
10 S f
(\256)3128 4176 w
10 R f
(\()3268 4176 w
10 I f
(master list)1 436 1 3309 4176 t
10 R f
(\),)3753 4176 w
10 CW f
(sweep, slash, cut, paste,)3 1548 1 3852 4176 t
10 R f
(and)1080 4296 w
10 CW f
(scroll.)1249 4296 w
(onesies)1440 4464 w
10 S f
(\256)1860 4464 w
10 R f
( get at most one non\255line object)6 1290( You)1 227( be drawn with button 1.)5 1002(selects a non\255line object to)4 1081 4 1800 4584 t
(per onesie.)1 432 1 1800 4704 t
10 CW f
(inst)1440 4872 w
10 S f
(\256)1680 4872 w
10 R f
(selects a master to be instantiated and attached to the cursor until any button is pressed.)15 3484 1 1800 4992 t
10 CW f
(sweep)1440 5160 w
10 R f
( input with button 1 \(N.B.\) to grab a set of objects and drag them until)15 2951(uses a rectangle)2 649 2 1800 5160 t
(any button is pressed.)3 866 1 1800 5280 t
10 CW f
(slash)1440 5448 w
10 R f
(differs from)1 479 1 1800 5448 t
10 CW f
(sweep)2304 5448 w
10 R f
(only in that rectilinear lines are first cut by the input rectangle.)11 2496 1 2629 5448 t
10 CW f
(cut)1440 5616 w
10 R f
(undraws and moves the object\(s\) last drawn or moved to the cut/paste buffer.)12 3080 1 1800 5616 t
10 CW f
(paste)1440 5784 w
10 R f
(attaches a copy of the cut/paste buffer to the cursor until any button is pressed.)14 3136 1 1800 5784 t
10 CW f
(snarf)1440 5952 w
10 R f
(is a)1 136 1 1800 5952 t
10 CW f
(cut)1961 5952 w
10 R f
(without the undraw.)2 802 1 2166 5952 t
10 CW f
(scroll)1440 6120 w
10 R f
(attaches the entire drawing to the cursor until any button is pressed.)11 2696 1 1800 6240 t
(The button 3 menu entries are)5 1230 1 1080 6408 t
10 CW f
(edit, read, write, exit,)3 1461 1 2342 6408 t
10 R f
(and)3836 6408 w
10 CW f
(new,)4013 6408 w
10 R f
(followed by the list of file\255)5 1114 1 4286 6408 t
(names currently being edited.)3 1181 1 1080 6528 t
10 CW f
(edit)1440 6696 w
10 R f
( and control\255W may)3 822( Backspace)1 483(prompts for a file name and reads in the file for editing.)11 2295 3 1800 6696 t
(be used to edit the name; a null file name aborts the operation.)12 2488 1 1800 6816 t
10 CW f
(read)1440 6984 w
10 R f
( it in, and plants a reference to it in the current)11 1857(prompts for the name of a master file, reads)8 1743 2 1800 6984 t
( the)1 150( names of the masters in the file are added to those in)12 2172(file. The)1 367 3 1800 7104 t
10 CW f
(inst)4517 7104 w
10 S f
(\256)4757 7104 w
10 R f
(menu for the)2 516 1 4884 7104 t
(current file, overwriting older definitions if necessary.)6 2162 1 1800 7224 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 511)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( GRAW)1 3845(GRAW \( 10.1 \))3 570 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(write)1440 960 w
10 R f
( becomes)1 375( non\255null result)2 611( The)1 205(prompts for a file name \(starting with the current file name\).)10 2409 4 1800 960 t
(the new file name and the file is written.)8 1611 1 1800 1080 t
10 CW f
(exit)1440 1248 w
10 R f
( to type a character and/or move the mouse)8 1774( may be necessary)3 746( It)1 117(terminates the program.)2 963 4 1800 1248 t
(after)1800 1368 w
10 I f
(graw)2007 1368 w
10 R f
(exits to really exit.)3 744 1 2238 1368 t
10 CW f
(new)1440 1536 w
10 R f
(creates a new, unnamed drawing for editing.)6 1773 1 1800 1536 t
(Selecting a file name selects the current file.)7 1768 1 1440 1704 t
10 I f
(Gnet)1080 1872 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\) produces)1 626 1 1282 1872 t
10 I f
(cdl)1933 1872 w
10 S f
(_)2055 1872 w
10 I f
(format)2105 1872 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\) files from)2 657 1 2380 1872 t
10 I f
(graw)3062 1872 w
10 S f
(_)3268 1872 w
10 I f
(format)3318 1872 w
10 R f
(files.)3610 1872 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2040 t
10 CW f
(/lib/graw/gates.g)1080 2160 w
10 R f
(the standard gate file)3 834 1 2280 2160 t
10 CW f
(/lib/graw/analog.g)1080 2280 w
10 R f
(analog parts file)2 643 1 2280 2280 t
10 CW f
(/sys/font/1/7/PA)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(default font file)2 621 1 2280 2400 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2568 t
10 I f
(gnet)1080 2688 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)1260 2688 w
10 I f
(graw)1551 2688 w
10 S f
(_)1757 2688 w
10 I f
(format)1807 2688 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\),)2082 2688 w
10 I f
(cdmglob)2373 2688 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)2725 2688 w
10 I f
(grawp)3016 2688 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)3280 2688 w
10 I f
(annotate)3571 2688 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))3929 2688 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2856 t
10 R f
(Doesn't handle parse errors well.)4 1321 1 1080 2976 t
(Crashes when it reads two)4 1048 1 1080 3096 t
10 CW f
('e')2153 3096 w
10 R f
(\(end of master\) lines in succession.)5 1403 1 2358 3096 t
( 512)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
(GRAW)720 480 w
10 S f
(_)1025 480 w
10 R f
( GRAW)1 2911(FORMAT \( 10.6 \))3 682 2 1075 480 t
10 S f
(_)4668 480 w
10 R f
(FORMAT \( 10.6 \))3 682 1 4718 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(graw)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1304 1080 w
10 R f
(graw file format)2 648 1 1394 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 I f
(Graw)1080 1368 w
10 S f
(_)1308 1368 w
10 I f
(format)1358 1368 w
10 R f
( a single\255)2 414( is one primitive per line, each primitive indicated by)9 2327( There)1 305(files are simple.)2 681 4 1673 1368 t
( in)1 108( need not precede use, though)5 1216( Definition)1 467( strings are enclosed in double quotes.)6 1559( All)1 184(character identifier.)1 786 6 1080 1488 t
(practice)1080 1608 w
10 CW f
(graw)1420 1608 w
10 R f
(produces)1685 1608 w
10 I f
(ref)2070 1608 w
10 R f
(primitives first, and master definitions are seldom found outside libraries.)9 2939 1 2206 1608 t
( to a)2 234(The argument)1 587 2 1080 1776 t
10 I f
(ref)1957 1776 w
10 R f
(\(or include\) command is searched for in the current directory and then in)12 3276 1 2124 1776 t
10 CW f
(/lib/graw)1080 1896 w
10 R f
(.)1620 1896 w
(Syntax:)1080 2064 w
(body: prim)1 549 1 1080 2232 t
10 S f
(\357)1654 2232 w
10 R f
(body prim)1 414 1 1728 2232 t
(prim: line)1 510 1 1080 2352 t
10 S f
(\357)1615 2352 w
10 R f
(box)1689 2352 w
10 S f
(\357)1864 2352 w
10 R f
(string)1938 2352 w
10 S f
(\357)2191 2352 w
10 R f
(dots)2265 2352 w
10 S f
(\357)2457 2352 w
10 R f
(macro)2531 2352 w
10 S f
(\357)2805 2352 w
10 R f
(inst)2879 2352 w
10 S f
(\357)3049 2352 w
10 R f
(ref)3123 2352 w
10 S f
(\357)3258 2352 w
10 R f
(master)3332 2352 w
(line:)1080 2472 w
10 CW f
(l)1440 2472 w
10 R f
(point point)1 437 1 1525 2472 t
(box:)1080 2592 w
10 CW f
(b)1440 2592 w
10 R f
(rect)1525 2592 w
(string:)1080 2712 w
10 CW f
(s)1440 2712 w
10 R f
(chars disp point)2 633 1 1525 2712 t
(dots:)1080 2832 w
10 CW f
(d)1440 2832 w
10 R f
(rect)1525 2832 w
(macro:)1080 2952 w
10 CW f
(z)1440 2952 w
10 R f
(rect)1525 2952 w
(inst:)1080 3072 w
10 CW f
(i)1440 3072 w
10 R f
(chars point)1 441 1 1525 3072 t
(ref:)1080 3192 w
10 CW f
(r)1440 3192 w
10 R f
(filename)1525 3192 w
( body mend)2 472(master: mstart)1 610 2 1080 3312 t
(mstart:)1080 3432 w
10 CW f
(m)1440 3432 w
10 R f
(chars)1525 3432 w
(mend:)1080 3552 w
10 CW f
(e)1440 3552 w
10 R f
( point)1 231(rect: point)1 566 2 1080 3672 t
( INT)1 191(point: INT)1 526 2 1080 3792 t
(disp: INT)1 526 1 1080 3912 t
(chars:)1080 4032 w
10 B f
(")1440 4032 w
10 R f
(STRING)1521 4032 w
10 B f
(")1907 4032 w
10 I f
(Graw)1080 4200 w
10 R f
(string displacements are specified by five bit codes defined below:)9 2659 1 1333 4200 t
10 CW f
(/* string placement displacements */)4 2160 1 1080 4320 t
( 1)1 120(#define HALFX)1 1020 2 1080 4440 t
( 2)1 120(#define FULLX)1 1020 2 1080 4560 t
( 4)1 120(#define HALFY)1 1020 2 1080 4680 t
( 8)1 120(#define FULLY)1 1020 2 1080 4800 t
( 16)1 180(#define INVIS)1 1020 2 1080 4920 t
10 R f
(Invisible)1080 5088 w
10 I f
(string)1465 5088 w
10 R f
( is usually not)3 592( the text)2 342( Though)1 371(s are typically defined for masters with connection points.)8 2396 4 1699 5088 t
( should nonetheless specify a proper displacement for the sake)9 2528(displayed or printed, the remaining four bits)6 1792 2 1080 5208 t
(of back\255annotation.)1 776 1 1080 5328 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 5496 t
10 CW f
(/lib/graw/gates.g)1080 5616 w
10 R f
(the standard gate file)3 834 1 2220 5616 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5784 t
10 I f
(graw)1080 5904 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))1294 5904 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 513)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( GRAWP)1 3789(GRAWP \( 10.1 \))3 626 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(grawp)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1354 1080 w
10 R f
(draw schematics)1 662 1 1444 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/grawp)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1645 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255t)1678 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1798 1368 t
10 I f
(files...)1897 1368 w
10 R f
(])2147 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Grawp)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(reads files produced by)3 940 1 1387 1656 t
10 I f
(graw)2356 1656 w
10 R f
( output suitable for)3 773(\(10.1\) and writes)2 687 2 2570 1656 t
10 I f
(pic)4060 1656 w
10 R f
( the)1 152(\(1\). Under)1 445 2 4190 1656 t
10 CW f
(\255t)4817 1656 w
10 R f
(option, the)1 433 1 4967 1656 t
10 I f
(troff)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(\(1\) header is omitted, so the result may be more easily included in a document.)14 3151 1 1261 1776 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1944 t
10 I f
(graw)1080 2064 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)1294 2064 w
10 I f
(pic)1585 2064 w
10 R f
(\(1\),)1715 2064 w
10 I f
(troff)1881 2064 w
10 R f
(\(1\))2062 2064 w
( 514)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( IPF)1 4005(IPF \( 10.1 \))3 410 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(ipf, pga132a)1 499 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1604 1080 w
10 R f
(Actel to CDA translation)3 1002 1 1694 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/ipf)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(filename ...)1 444 1 1525 1368 t
10 CW f
(cda/pga132a)1080 1488 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 I f
(Ipf)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(reads at least an adil)4 829 1 1221 1776 t
10 S f
(_)2050 1776 w
10 R f
(file, as produced by)3 802 1 2100 1776 t
10 CW f
(cda/act \255a)1 606 1 2933 1776 t
10 R f
(, and a pin)3 434 1 3539 1776 t
10 S f
(_)3973 1776 w
10 R f
(file, returned by the Actel placing)5 1377 1 4023 1776 t
( software and produces two files: package and type definitions in CDL format in)13 3240(and routing)1 461 2 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(name)4808 1896 w
10 CW f
(.pins ,)1 368 1 5032 1896 t
10 R f
(and a new input file for the Actel software in)9 1847 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(name)2958 2016 w
10 CW f
(.ipf ,)1 308 1 3182 2016 t
10 R f
(where)3521 2016 w
10 I f
(name)3795 2016 w
10 R f
( of the first file argu\255)5 869(is the prefix)2 489 2 4042 2016 t
(ment. If)1 345 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(name)1454 2136 w
10 CW f
(.ipf)1678 2136 w
10 R f
(were given to the Actel software, it would return a pin)10 2205 1 1947 2136 t
10 S f
(_)4152 2136 w
10 R f
( as)1 111(file with the same contents)4 1087 2 4202 2136 t
(the argument to)2 627 1 1080 2256 t
10 I f
(ipf)1732 2256 w
10 R f
(.)1846 2256 w
10 I f
(Pga132a)1080 2424 w
10 R f
(provides pin name to pin number translations for the Actel PGA132 package.)11 3090 1 1466 2424 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 2592 t
10 R f
(If you are working on a PGA132 device, then a typical use would be)13 2739 1 1080 2712 t
10 CW f
(cda/pg132a | cda/ipf /fd/0 xmit.adi xmit.pin)5 2640 1 1440 2952 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3120 t
10 I f
(act)1080 3240 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)1210 3240 w
10 I f
(lde)1501 3240 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))1631 3240 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3408 t
10 I f
(Ipf)1080 3528 w
10 R f
(misses pins whose definitions change between the)6 2003 1 1216 3528 t
10 CW f
(.io)3244 3528 w
10 R f
(and)3449 3528 w
10 CW f
(.o)3618 3528 w
10 R f
(sections.)3763 3528 w
(This should all be one program.)5 1271 1 1080 3648 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 515)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( LAYOUT)1 3740(LAYOUT \( 10.1 \))3 675 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(layout, route, gview)2 799 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1904 1080 w
10 R f
(generate and view PCB trace layouts)5 1472 1 1994 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/route)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1645 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255tm)1703 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1908 1368 t
10 I f
(file)2024 1368 w
10 R f
(... ])1 158 1 2177 1368 t
10 CW f
(cda/layout)1080 1536 w
10 R f
([)1705 1536 w
10 CW f
(\255a)1763 1536 w
10 I f
(stem)1891 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2099 1536 t
10 CW f
(\255gldqrs)2215 1536 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2660 1536 t
10 I f
(file)2776 1536 w
10 R f
(... ])1 133 1 2929 1536 t
10 CW f
(cda/gview \255a)1 685 1 1080 1704 t
10 I f
(afile)1773 1704 w
10 R f
([)1976 1704 w
10 CW f
(\255begrR)2034 1704 w
10 I f
(file)2402 1704 w
10 R f
(] ... [)2 191 1 2555 1704 t
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 2771 1704 t
10 R f
(])3024 1704 w
10 CW f
(cda/googoo)1080 1872 w
10 R f
([)1705 1872 w
10 CW f
(\255gd)1763 1872 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1968 1872 t
10 CW f
(\255c)2084 1872 w
10 I f
(minx miny maxx maxy)3 883 1 2212 1872 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 3120 1872 t
10 CW f
(\255w)3236 1872 w
10 I f
(x y)1 113 1 3364 1872 t
10 R f
(])3502 1872 w
10 I f
(file ...)1 228 1 3560 1872 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2040 t
10 R f
(These programs deal with laying out and viewing circuit board traces.)10 2792 1 1080 2160 t
10 I f
(Route)1080 2328 w
10 R f
( signal layout with the)4 1073(takes a board description and generates a)6 1904 2 1383 2328 t
10 CW f
(Route)4431 2328 w
10 R f
(primitive \(see)1 598 1 4802 2328 t
10 I f
(fizz)1080 2448 w
10 S f
(_)1214 2448 w
10 I f
(format)1264 2448 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\)\).)1539 2448 w
10 I f
(Route)1897 2448 w
10 R f
( a name of)3 442(will only route within the bounds of a layer with)9 2016 2 2164 2448 t
10 CW f
(analog_route)4655 2448 w
10 R f
(.)5375 2448 w
( generated by)2 567(Currently, these routes are the same as)6 1622 2 1080 2568 t
10 I f
(wrap)3309 2568 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\), either an MST \()4 986 1 3523 2568 t
10 CW f
(\255m)4509 2568 w
10 R f
(\) or TSP \()3 442 1 4629 2568 t
10 CW f
(\255t)5071 2568 w
10 R f
(, and)1 209 1 5191 2568 t
( For)1 195( user to edit the layouts generated so that they don't.)10 2149( may cross; it is up to the)7 1052( Signals)1 352(default\) route.)1 572 5 1080 2688 t
(the intended domain of analog circuits, you probably want to edit the layouts anyway.)13 3432 1 1080 2808 t
10 I f
(Layout)1080 2976 w
10 R f
( and layouts and produces various files in either outline form \()11 2642(takes a board description)3 1034 2 1396 2976 t
10 CW f
(\255d)5072 2976 w
10 R f
(, and)1 208 1 5192 2976 t
(default\) or Gerber format \()4 1124 1 1080 3096 t
10 CW f
(\255g)2204 3096 w
10 R f
( The)1 219( default, the copper layer is produced.)6 1591(\). By)1 239 3 2324 3096 t
10 CW f
(\255s)4412 3096 w
10 R f
(option generates the)2 830 1 4570 3096 t
( and chips, chips are labelled with)6 1362( this case, bounding boxes are drawn around drillholes)8 2177( In)1 133(silkscreen layer.)1 648 4 1080 3216 t
(their name and type \(if the)5 1081 1 1080 3336 t
10 CW f
(comment)2191 3336 w
10 R f
( used instead)2 524(field is specified for a chip, the contents of that field is)11 2235 2 2641 3336 t
( the)1 150( If)1 119( a rectangle is drawn around the board boundary.)8 1977(of the type\) and)3 635 4 1080 3456 t
10 CW f
(\255a)3989 3456 w
10 R f
(option is specified, then certain)4 1263 1 4137 3456 t
( start with)2 400(auxillary files, whose names all)4 1266 2 1080 3576 t
10 I f
(stem)2771 3576 w
10 R f
(, are generated defining drills and apertures and other admin\255)9 2438 1 2962 3576 t
( Gerber outputs, if the)4 959( For)1 209(istrative details.)1 653 3 1080 3696 t
10 CW f
(\255l)2946 3696 w
10 R f
(option is given and the)4 991 1 3111 3696 t
10 CW f
(Board)4147 3696 w
10 R f
(definition includes an)2 908 1 4492 3696 t
10 CW f
(xymask)1080 3816 w
10 R f
( field should be two numbers followed by a string; the string will be)13 2874(field, the contents of that)4 1048 2 1478 3816 t
( The)1 219(printed centered on the given point.)5 1490 2 1080 3936 t
10 CW f
(\255r)2828 3936 w
10 R f
( to be)2 252(option applies to outlines only; it causes all corners)8 2161 2 2987 3936 t
(rounded.)1080 4056 w
(Due to the nature of Gerber plots,)6 1344 1 1080 4224 t
10 I f
(layout)2449 4224 w
10 R f
( drill names)2 474( The)1 206(requires a particular style of drill specifications.)6 1910 3 2724 4224 t
10 CW f
(A)5340 4224 w
10 R f
(through)1080 4344 w
10 CW f
(Z)1417 4344 w
10 R f
( \(Actually,)1 453(inclusive are reserved for aperture designations.)5 1916 2 1503 4344 t
10 CW f
(Z)3898 4344 w
10 R f
( not an aperture, see)4 800(is a control and)3 616 2 3984 4344 t
10 I f
(fizz)1080 4464 w
10 S f
(_)1214 4464 w
10 I f
(format)1264 4464 w
10 R f
( apertures used should be defined in the)7 1625(\(10.6\).\) Any)1 527 2 1539 4464 t
10 CW f
(drillsz)3723 4464 w
10 R f
(field in the)2 447 1 4175 4464 t
10 CW f
(Board)4654 4464 w
10 R f
(definition.)4986 4464 w
( should be either)3 663(The type letter)2 584 2 1080 4584 t
10 CW f
(r)2352 4584 w
10 R f
(\(round aperture\) or)2 758 1 2437 4584 t
10 CW f
(s)3220 4584 w
10 R f
(\(square aperture\); in both cases, the size is the diam\255)9 2095 1 3305 4584 t
( used)1 218( any drill used for a pin should specify, as the type field, the drill)14 2712( Furthermore,)1 583(eter of the aperture.)3 807 4 1080 4704 t
(make the pad for that pin.)5 1026 1 1080 4824 t
10 I f
(Gview)1080 4992 w
10 R f
( requires an aperture definition file as produced by)8 2105( It)1 121(displays the given Gerber files.)4 1285 3 1370 4992 t
10 I f
(layout)4917 4992 w
10 R f
(. For)1 225 1 5175 4992 t
(each file displayed, you can set the colour \(black is)9 2094 1 1080 5112 t
10 CW f
(\255b)3205 5112 w
10 R f
(, grey is)2 329 1 3325 5112 t
10 CW f
(\255g)3684 5112 w
10 R f
(\) and a horizontal reflection \()5 1191 1 3804 5112 t
10 CW f
(\255r)4995 5112 w
10 R f
(means)5145 5112 w
(reflected,)1080 5232 w
10 CW f
(\255R)1479 5232 w
10 R f
( the)1 149( the plot is scaled to fit the layer;)8 1318( Normally)1 434(means unreflected\).)1 787 4 1625 5232 t
10 CW f
(\255e)4340 5232 w
10 R f
(option sets the scale to)4 913 1 4487 5232 t
(one \(exact size\).)2 650 1 1080 5352 t
10 I f
(Googoo)1080 5520 w
10 R f
(is another Gerber viewer that assumes the same apertures as)9 2396 1 1427 5520 t
10 I f
(xymash)3848 5520 w
10 R f
( Gerber output)2 584(and displays the)2 644 2 4172 5520 t
( can pan the layer around the)6 1164( You)1 224( 10 magnification, or more precisely, .001 inch to one pixel.)10 2417(at a factor of)3 515 4 1080 5640 t
( point on the plot and release it when that point is in its)13 2223(plot by using the mouse \(depress a button to select a)10 2097 2 1080 5760 t
( any character causes)3 846( Typing)1 340(desired position on the screen\).)4 1253 3 1080 5880 t
10 I f
(googoo)3545 5880 w
10 R f
( can set a clipping rectan\255)5 1027( You)1 223(to exit.)1 279 3 3871 5880 t
(gle and the initial position of the layer by the)9 1823 1 1080 6000 t
10 CW f
(\255c)2931 6000 w
10 R f
(and)3079 6000 w
10 CW f
(\255w)3251 6000 w
10 R f
( The)1 208(options respectively.)1 830 2 3399 6000 t
10 CW f
(\255d)4466 6000 w
10 R f
(option causes noth\255)2 785 1 4615 6000 t
(ing to be displayed; it is used for mainly for debugging.)10 2224 1 1080 6120 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 6288 t
10 R f
(These drill specifications give .1 inch wide traces and 200 mil pads around .062 drill holes.)15 3640 1 1080 6408 t
10 CW f
(Board{)1080 6528 w
(...)1440 6648 w
(drillsz {)1 540 1 1440 6768 t
(a 62 M)2 360 1 1800 6888 t
( regular trace)2 840( %)1 720(A 100 r)2 420 3 1800 7008 t
( pad)1 240( %)1 720(M 200 r)2 420 3 1800 7128 t
(})1440 7248 w
10 R f
( 516)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( LAYOUT)1 3740(LAYOUT \( 10.1 \))3 675 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(})1080 960 w
10 R f
(View the silkscreen for a board overlaying the copper shown in grey.)11 2760 1 1080 1128 t
10 CW f
(gview \255a ex1.gerber \255rg ex1.cu.ger \255Rb ex1.silk.ger)6 3060 1 1440 1248 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 1416 t
10 CW f
(/sys/cda/gerber/ex1.*)1080 1536 w
10 R f
(examples of inputs and outputs of the above programs.)8 2189 1 2460 1536 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 1704 t
10 I f
(Route)1080 1824 w
10 R f
( it should do a real route that guarantees no crossing nets.)11 2291( Eventually,)1 508(does a half\255hearted job at best.)5 1219 3 1338 1824 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 517)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( LCA2PIN)1 3739(LCA2PIN \( 10.1 \))3 676 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(lca2pin, pga132x)1 688 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1793 1080 w
10 R f
(Xilinx to CDA translation)3 1042 1 1883 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/lca2pin)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(filenames ...)1 483 1 1765 1368 t
10 CW f
(cda/pga132x)1080 1488 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 I f
(Lca2pin)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(reads at least a)3 587 1 1434 1776 t
10 I f
(lca)2047 1776 w
10 S f
(_)2169 1776 w
10 I f
(file)2219 1776 w
10 R f
(returned by the proprietary Unix\255based Xilinx placing and routing software)9 3026 1 2374 1776 t
( in)1 108(and produces a package and type definitions in CDL format)9 2441 2 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(name)3659 1896 w
10 CW f
(.pins ,)1 368 1 3883 1896 t
10 R f
(where)4281 1896 w
10 I f
(name)4554 1896 w
10 R f
(is the prefix of)3 600 1 4800 1896 t
(the first file argument.)3 893 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(Pga132x)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(provides)1460 2184 w
10 I f
(lca2pin)1829 2184 w
10 R f
(with pin name to pin number translations for the Xilinx PGA132 package.)11 2964 1 2154 2184 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 2352 t
10 R f
(If you are working on a PGA132 device, then a typical use would be)13 2739 1 1080 2472 t
10 CW f
(cda/pg132x | cda/lca2pin /fd/0 xmit.lca)4 2340 1 1440 2712 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2880 t
10 I f
(xnf)1080 3000 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)1210 3000 w
10 I f
(lde)1501 3000 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))1631 3000 w
( 518)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( LDE)1 3956(LDE \( 10.1 \))3 459 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(LDE, lde)1 366 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1471 1080 w
10 R f
(logic design equation programs)3 1257 1 1561 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(lde)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1285 1368 w
10 I f
(option)1343 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1624 1368 t
10 I f
(filenames)1740 1368 w
10 R f
(])2148 1368 w
10 CW f
(LDE)1080 1488 w
10 R f
([)1285 1488 w
10 I f
(option)1343 1488 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1624 1488 t
10 I f
(filenames)1740 1488 w
10 R f
(])2148 1488 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1656 t
10 I f
(Lde)1080 1776 w
10 R f
( accepts)1 320( It)1 113( data for fuse\255programmable logic elements.)5 1778(is the front end of a set of programs that prepare)10 1933 4 1256 1776 t
(an expression language described in)4 1489 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(lde)2606 1896 w
10 S f
(_)2728 1896 w
10 I f
(format)2778 1896 w
10 R f
( its standard input or from the named files, and)9 1969(\(10.6\) on)1 378 2 3053 1896 t
(writes an interpretation on its standard output.)6 1852 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(Lde)2984 2016 w
10 R f
(produces minterms in)2 872 1 3162 2016 t
10 I f
(minterm)4062 2016 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\) output which may)3 997 1 4403 2016 t
(be reduced by)2 559 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(quine)1664 2136 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\) and)1 410 1 1894 2136 t
10 I f
(cover)2329 2136 w
10 R f
( options are:)2 494(\(10.1\). The)1 471 2 2558 2136 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 2304 w
10 R f
(Produce octal output \(rather than the decimal default\))7 2137 1 1440 2304 t
10 CW f
(\255x)1080 2472 w
10 R f
(Produce hex output.)2 802 1 1440 2472 t
10 CW f
(\255L)1080 2640 w
10 R f
(Put a the sum of products representation of the output on the standard error file.)14 3181 1 1440 2640 t
10 CW f
(\255d \255v \255T)2 480 1 1080 2808 t
10 R f
(Produce other stuff to help debug the program.)7 1869 1 1440 2928 t
(Numeric parameters may be passed from the command line with)9 2581 1 1080 3096 t
10 CW f
(\255)1080 3264 w
10 I f
(n)1148 3264 w
10 R f
(where)1440 3264 w
10 I f
(n)1713 3264 w
10 R f
( \(zero based\) m)3 635( The)1 211(is decimal.)1 439 3 1793 3264 t
10 I f
(th)3086 3264 w
10 R f
(numeric parameter is substituted for the symbol)6 1945 1 3195 3264 t
10 CW f
($m)5171 3264 w
10 R f
(in)5322 3264 w
(the input.)1 378 1 1440 3384 t
10 I f
(LDE)1080 3552 w
10 R f
(is an analog of)3 591 1 1296 3552 t
10 I f
(lde)1914 3552 w
10 R f
(that has some restrictions on the input specification, produces a cover that is often,)13 3337 1 2063 3552 t
(but not necessarily minimal, but runs much faster.)7 2001 1 1080 3672 t
10 I f
(LDE)3131 3672 w
10 R f
(takes some more options:)3 1019 1 3345 3672 t
10 CW f
(\255L)1080 3840 w
10 R f
(Output a sum of products representation to standard error.)8 2315 1 1440 3840 t
10 CW f
(\255I)1080 4008 w
10 R f
(Also calculate the complements of the logic functions.)7 2175 1 1440 4008 t
10 CW f
(\255X)1080 4176 w
10 R f
( of the output signals with their logic functions \(useful for programmable)11 3054(Also calculate the xor)3 906 2 1440 4176 t
(parts that support toggle flip\255flops\).)4 1424 1 1440 4296 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4464 t
10 I f
(lde)1080 4584 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\),)1210 4584 w
10 I f
(minterm)1501 4584 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\),)1842 4584 w
10 I f
(cdl)2133 4584 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\),)2263 4584 w
10 I f
(quine)2554 4584 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)2784 4584 w
10 I f
(xpal)3075 4584 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)3255 4584 w
10 I f
(urom)3546 4584 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)3765 4584 w
10 I f
(cdm)4056 4584 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))4230 4584 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4752 t
10 I f
(LDE)1080 4872 w
10 R f
(does not support 'don't cares' or multiplication, division, modulo, or right and left shifts by variables.)15 4067 1 1294 4872 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 519)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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546 pagesetup
10 R f
(LDE)720 480 w
10 S f
(_)914 480 w
10 R f
( LDE)1 3022(FORMAT \( 10.6 \))3 682 2 964 480 t
10 S f
(_)4668 480 w
10 R f
(FORMAT \( 10.6 \))3 682 1 4718 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(lde)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1227 1080 w
10 R f
(logic design expression language)3 1323 1 1317 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
(The)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(lde)1260 1368 w
10 R f
(language contains declaration areas that must appear in the following order:)10 3027 1 1407 1368 t
10 CW f
(.x)1080 1536 w
10 R f
(an optional chip declaration area,)4 1327 1 1440 1536 t
10 CW f
(.m)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(a master pin definition \(LDE only\))5 1390 1 1440 1656 t
10 CW f
(.i)1080 1776 w
10 R f
(an input declaration area,)3 1008 1 1440 1776 t
10 CW f
(.o)1080 1896 w
10 R f
(an output declaration area,)3 1058 1 1440 1896 t
10 CW f
(.io)1080 2016 w
10 R f
(an external input/output declaration area)4 1613 1 1440 2016 t
10 CW f
(.b)1080 2136 w
10 R f
(a buried input/output declaration area)4 1497 1 1440 2136 t
10 CW f
(.f)1080 2256 w
10 R f
(an optional field declaration area,)4 1338 1 1440 2256 t
10 CW f
(.e)1080 2376 w
10 R f
(and an expression area.)3 930 1 1440 2376 t
(The)1080 2544 w
10 I f
(lde)1263 2544 w
10 R f
( may include)2 524( Identifiers)1 463(language contains expressions like those in C.)6 1858 3 1413 2544 t
10 CW f
(+)4287 2544 w
10 R f
(,)4347 2544 w
10 CW f
(\255)4401 2544 w
10 R f
(, and)1 198 1 4461 2544 t
10 CW f
(.)4688 2544 w
10 R f
(and semicolons)1 623 1 4777 2544 t
( must be declared before used.)5 1213( Symbols)1 401(are not used to end statements.)5 1226 3 1080 2664 t
(The chip declaration area contains two strings,)6 1860 1 1080 2832 t
10 I f
(name)2965 2832 w
10 R f
(and)3206 2832 w
10 I f
(type.)3375 2832 w
10 R f
( by white\255space delimited lists in the)6 1514(Variables are declared)2 904 2 1080 3000 t
10 CW f
(.i)3531 3000 w
10 R f
(,)3651 3000 w
10 CW f
(io)3709 3000 w
10 R f
(,)3829 3000 w
10 CW f
(.b)3887 3000 w
10 R f
(, or)1 141 1 4007 3000 t
10 CW f
(.o)4181 3000 w
10 R f
(areas or by appearance on)4 1066 1 4334 3000 t
(the left of an)3 510 1 1080 3120 t
10 CW f
(=)1616 3120 w
10 R f
(in the)1 226 1 1702 3120 t
10 CW f
(.f)1954 3120 w
10 R f
(or)2100 3120 w
10 CW f
(.e)2209 3120 w
10 R f
( variables are computer words with one or more bits representing)10 2610(areas. The)1 435 2 2355 3120 t
( entry)1 243( An)1 185( least significant bit represents a single signal.)7 1928( the default case, the)4 865( In)1 145(two\255level logic signals.)2 954 6 1080 3240 t
10 I f
(identifier)1080 3360 w
10 CW f
([)1455 3360 w
10 I f
(n)1523 3360 w
10 CW f
(])1581 3360 w
10 I f
(,)1649 3360 w
10 R f
( the logic signals)3 678( maps)1 262( integer,)1 328(where n is an)3 535 4 1701 3360 t
10 I f
(identifier0)3530 3360 w
10 R f
(,)3955 3360 w
10 I f
(identifier1)4006 3360 w
10 R f
(, ...)1 126 1 4431 3360 t
10 I f
(identifiern)4608 3360 w
10 S1 f
(\261)5033 3360 w
10 R f
(1 to the)2 302 1 5098 3360 t
(least significant through the)3 1134 1 1080 3480 t
10 I f
(n)2246 3480 w
10 S1 f
(\261)2304 3480 w
10 R f
(1)2369 3480 w
10 I f
(th)2427 3480 w
10 R f
(bit of)1 221 1 2537 3480 t
10 I f
(identifier.)2790 3480 w
10 R f
( suffixes are left filled with zeros so that)8 1672(The numeric)1 514 2 3214 3480 t
( the field declaration area of the form)7 1501( an entry in)3 461( Similarly,)1 451(they all have the same number of digits.)7 1619 4 1080 3600 t
10 I f
(n)5139 3600 w
10 S f
(_)5189 3600 w
10 I f
(id)5239 3600 w
10 R f
(=)5344 3600 w
10 I f
(o)1080 3720 w
10 S f
(_)1130 3720 w
10 I f
(id o)1 156 1 1180 3720 t
10 S f
(_)1336 3720 w
10 I f
(id ...)1 181 1 1386 3720 t
10 R f
( variable)1 350(defines a new multibit)3 900 2 1595 3720 t
10 I f
(n)2874 3720 w
10 S f
(_)2924 3720 w
10 I f
(id)2974 3720 w
10 R f
(the least significant bit of which is the first old identifier,)10 2319 1 3081 3720 t
10 I f
(o)1080 3840 w
10 S f
(_)1130 3840 w
10 I f
(id)1180 3840 w
10 R f
(and the higher bits the following old identifier.)7 1871 1 1283 3840 t
10 I f
(Lde)1080 4008 w
10 R f
( form)1 224(also accepts white\255space delimited declarations of the)6 2169 2 1259 4008 t
10 I f
(name)3682 4008 w
10 CW f
(:)3906 4008 w
10 I f
(master)3974 4008 w
10 R f
(in the)1 230 1 4276 4008 t
10 CW f
(.m)4536 4008 w
10 R f
(area to declare an)3 714 1 4686 4008 t
( target technology to be)4 943( master corresponds to a library definition in the)8 1933( The)1 206(instance of a master definition.)4 1238 4 1080 4128 t
( form)1 221(used. Variables of the)3 873 2 1080 4248 t
10 I f
(name.id)2201 4248 w
10 R f
(for each pin in the corresponding master library definition may then be)11 2853 1 2547 4248 t
(used in the expressions.)3 949 1 1080 4368 t
(In the)1 232 1 1080 4536 t
10 CW f
(.e)1339 4536 w
10 R f
(area, the binary operators)3 1019 1 1486 4536 t
10 CW f
(*)2532 4536 w
10 R f
(,)2592 4536 w
10 CW f
(/)2644 4536 w
10 R f
(,)2704 4536 w
10 CW f
(%)2756 4536 w
10 R f
(,)2816 4536 w
10 CW f
(+)2868 4536 w
10 R f
(,)2928 4536 w
10 CW f
(\255)2980 4536 w
10 R f
(,)3040 4536 w
10 CW f
(<)3092 4536 w
10 R f
(,)3152 4536 w
10 CW f
(<=)3204 4536 w
10 R f
(,)3324 4536 w
10 CW f
(>)3376 4536 w
10 R f
(,)3436 4536 w
10 CW f
(>=)3488 4536 w
10 R f
(,)3608 4536 w
10 CW f
(==)3660 4536 w
10 R f
(,)3780 4536 w
10 CW f
(!=)3832 4536 w
10 R f
(,)3952 4536 w
10 CW f
(&)4004 4536 w
10 R f
(,)4064 4536 w
10 CW f
(^)4116 4536 w
10 R f
(,)4176 4536 w
10 CW f
(|)4228 4536 w
10 R f
(,)4288 4536 w
10 CW f
(&&)4340 4536 w
10 R f
(, and)1 196 1 4460 4536 t
10 CW f
(||)4683 4536 w
10 R f
( same)1 233(have the)1 337 2 4830 4536 t
( C language. So do the unary operators)7 1602(meaning as in the)3 726 2 1080 4656 t
10 CW f
(!)3440 4656 w
10 R f
(and)3532 4656 w
10 CW f
(~)3708 4656 w
10 R f
(and the conditional operator)3 1144 1 3800 4656 t
10 CW f
(?:)4976 4656 w
10 R f
(. Since)1 304 1 5096 4656 t
10 I f
(lde)1080 4776 w
10 R f
( no flow control \(such as)5 1005(is an expression language,)3 1054 2 1229 4776 t
10 CW f
(if)3316 4776 w
10 R f
(or)3464 4776 w
10 CW f
(switch)3575 4776 w
10 R f
( expression selector)2 793( An)1 175(\) is allowed.)2 497 3 3935 4776 t
(is available;)1 491 1 1080 4896 t
10 I f
(expra)1607 4896 w
10 CW f
({[[)1842 4896 w
10 I f
(exprb)2030 4896 w
10 CW f
(]:])2265 4896 w
10 I f
(exprc)2453 4896 w
10 CW f
(, [[)1 216 1 2682 4896 t
10 I f
(exprd)2906 4896 w
10 CW f
(]:])3141 4896 w
10 I f
(expre)3329 4896 w
10 CW f
(,)3558 4896 w
10 I f
(...)3654 4896 w
10 CW f
(})3737 4896 w
10 R f
(has the value of)3 662 1 3833 4896 t
10 I f
(exprc)4531 4896 w
10 R f
(if)4787 4896 w
10 I f
(expra)4883 4896 w
10 R f
(equals)5145 4896 w
10 I f
(exprb)1080 5016 w
10 R f
( there is no)3 456(. If)1 146 2 1315 5016 t
10 I f
(exprb)1947 5016 w
10 R f
(and there is a colon, then)5 1023 1 2204 5016 t
10 I f
(exprc)3257 5016 w
10 R f
( there is no)3 456( If)1 121(is the default case.)3 752 3 3508 5016 t
10 I f
(exprb)4867 5016 w
10 R f
(and no)1 275 1 5125 5016 t
(colon, then the pre\255incremented value of the prior value of)9 2342 1 1080 5136 t
10 I f
(exprb)3448 5136 w
10 R f
(is used, and the prior value of)6 1190 1 3701 5136 t
10 I f
(exprb)4917 5136 w
10 R f
(is ini\255)1 231 1 5169 5136 t
(tialized to)1 397 1 1080 5256 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1502 5256 w
10 R f
(1.)1567 5256 w
( with the assignment operator,)4 1247(Combinatorial logic may be specified)4 1540 2 1080 5424 t
10 CW f
(=.)3902 5424 w
10 R f
(The assignment operator)2 1007 1 4057 5424 t
10 CW f
(~=)5099 5424 w
10 R f
(is a)1 146 1 5254 5424 t
(cue to down stream programs that the combinational logic of the right hand side is to be inverted.)17 3890 1 1080 5544 t
(The assignment operators)2 1028 1 1080 5712 t
10 CW f
(:=)2135 5712 w
10 R f
(,)2255 5712 w
10 CW f
(#=)2307 5712 w
10 R f
(, and)1 196 1 2427 5712 t
10 CW f
(^=)2650 5712 w
10 R f
(specify clocked outputs. The expression on the right hand side is)10 2603 1 2797 5712 t
( is a simple assignment statement as above.)7 1753(the clock. The data input)4 1006 2 1080 5832 t
10 CW f
(:=)3892 5832 w
10 R f
(means D flip\255flop,)2 741 1 4040 5832 t
10 CW f
(#=)4809 5832 w
10 R f
(transparent)4957 5832 w
(latch, and)1 393 1 1080 5952 t
10 CW f
(^=)1503 5952 w
10 R f
( for clocked devices,)3 843( Optionally)1 483(toggle flip\255flop \(output toggles when the date input is true\).)9 2421 3 1653 5952 t
10 CW f
(+=)1080 6072 w
10 R f
(,)1200 6072 w
10 CW f
(\255=)1250 6072 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 1370 6072 t
10 CW f
(%=)1589 6072 w
10 R f
(define signals that set, clear, and qualify the clock.)8 2021 1 1734 6072 t
(The operator)1 517 1 1080 6240 t
10 CW f
(*=)1627 6240 w
10 R f
( case of tri\255state out\255)4 844(assigns the enable expression for tri\255state outputs. Sometimes, in the)9 2779 2 1777 6240 t
( driver.)1 296(puts used as inputs, it is important to state whether the input is before or after the tri\255state)17 3716 2 1080 6360 t
10 I f
(id)5125 6360 w
10 CW f
(<\255)5211 6360 w
10 I f
(P)5339 6360 w
10 R f
(means use signal)2 689 1 1080 6480 t
10 I f
(id)1800 6480 w
10 R f
(at the pin \(after the tri\255state driver\) while)7 1674 1 1909 6480 t
10 I f
(id)3614 6480 w
10 CW f
(<\255)3700 6480 w
10 I f
(Q)3828 6480 w
10 R f
(means use the internal signal before)5 1468 1 3932 6480 t
(the tri\255state driver.)2 740 1 1080 6600 t
( a appended single quote \()5 1070(Identifiers may be modified by)4 1253 2 1080 6768 t
10 CW f
(')3403 6768 w
10 R f
(\), in which case a value of one has the meaning)10 1937 1 3463 6768 t
("don't)1080 6888 w
10 S f
(_)1332 6888 w
10 R f
(care" for the unmodified identifier.)4 1396 1 1382 6888 t
( of the program interpreting the)5 1276(Numeric values may be passed from the command line)8 2220 2 1080 7056 t
10 I f
(lde)4605 7056 w
10 R f
(language. They)1 644 1 4756 7056 t
(appear as)1 378 1 1080 7176 t
10 CW f
($m)1488 7176 w
10 R f
( \(zero based\) m)3 632(. The)1 235 2 1608 7176 t
10 I f
(th)2483 7176 w
10 R f
(occurrence of)1 549 1 2591 7176 t
10 S1 f
(\261)3170 7176 w
10 I f
(n)3243 7176 w
10 R f
( command line substitutes the value)5 1450(on the)1 252 2 3323 7176 t
10 I f
(n)5054 7176 w
10 R f
(for the)1 267 1 5133 7176 t
(symbol)1080 7296 w
10 CW f
($m)1400 7296 w
10 R f
(.)1520 7296 w
( 520)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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547 pagesetup
10 R f
(LDE)720 480 w
10 S f
(_)914 480 w
10 R f
( LDE)1 3022(FORMAT \( 10.6 \))3 682 2 964 480 t
10 S f
(_)4668 480 w
10 R f
(FORMAT \( 10.6 \))3 682 1 4718 480 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 960 t
10 R f
(A 4\255bit counter.)2 635 1 1080 1080 t
10 CW f
(.i)1500 1248 w
(ck)1800 1368 w
(en)1800 1488 w
(.b)1500 1608 w
( a buried vector */)4 1140(x[4] /*)1 1200 2 1800 1728 t
(.o)1500 1848 w
(c[4])1800 1968 w
(.f)1500 2088 w
( note use of vector elements */)6 1860( /*)1 240(rx = x3 x2 x1 x0)5 960 3 1800 2208 t
(.e)1500 2328 w
( expression for counter */)4 1560( /*)1 300(x = x ^ \(x + 1\))6 900 3 1800 2448 t
( if the elements are toggles */)6 1860( /*)1 600(x ^= ~0*ck)2 600 3 1800 2568 t
( output bit reversal of counter */)6 2040( /*)1 840(c = rx)2 360 3 1800 2688 t
( note ~0* idiom */)4 1080( /*)1 600(c *= ~0*en)2 600 3 1800 2808 t
10 R f
(A simple state machine that indicates even, state equals 3, or odd, state equals 0, number of input ones.)18 4114 1 1080 2976 t
10 CW f
(.i)1500 3144 w
(input clk reset)2 900 1 1800 3264 t
(.io)1500 3384 w
(state[2])1800 3504 w
(.e)1500 3624 w
(state = state {)3 900 1 1800 3744 t
(0:)2520 3864 w
(\(input == 1\) ? 4 : 0,)6 1260 1 2880 3984 t
(4:)2520 4104 w
(\(input == 1\) ? 0 : 4,)6 1260 1 2880 4224 t
(:)2520 4344 w
(0)2880 4464 w
(})1800 4584 w
( don't cares */)3 900( /*)1 840(state' = state & 1)4 1080 3 1800 4824 t
( clear */)2 540( /*)1 660(state \255= reset ~0 : 0)5 1260 3 1800 5064 t
( d flip\255flop */)3 900( /*)1 660(state := clk ? ~0 : 0)6 1260 3 1800 5304 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5472 t
10 I f
(lde)1080 5592 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))1210 5592 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 521)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.6 \))3 265( MINTERM)1 3678(MINTERM \( 10.6 \))3 737 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(minterm)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1444 1080 w
10 R f
(minterm file format)2 788 1 1534 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
(The)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(minterm)1271 1368 w
10 R f
( function definition)2 796( A)1 134( binary valued function definition.)4 1416(file format consists of at least one)6 1414 4 1640 1368 t
(begins)1080 1488 w
10 CW f
(.o)1370 1488 w
10 I f
(name)1519 1488 w
10 R f
([@)1743 1488 w
10 I f
(flag)1876 1488 w
10 R f
(*] [)1 145 1 2040 1488 t
10 I f
(name)2193 1488 w
10 R f
(])2417 1488 w
10 I f
(...)2458 1488 w
10 R f
(followed by line\(s\) that have the form)6 1538 1 2587 1488 t
10 I f
(term)4154 1488 w
10 R f
(:)4345 1488 w
10 I f
(mask)4381 1488 w
10 R f
(...)4615 1488 w
10 I f
(Name)4744 1488 w
10 R f
(is either a)2 394 1 5006 1488 t
( first)1 187( The)1 206(string or a number.)3 763 3 1080 1608 t
10 I f
(name)2262 1608 w
10 R f
(following)2504 1608 w
10 CW f
(.o)2919 1608 w
10 R f
( \(usually an output pin name or)6 1261(is a symbol of the function)5 1074 2 3065 1608 t
( other name)2 473( Any)1 223( a ROM/PAL/FPGA integrated circuit\).)4 1589(number of)1 415 4 1080 1728 t
10 I f
('s)3788 1728 w
10 R f
(are symbols of input binary variables.)5 1514 1 3886 1728 t
10 I f
(Term)1080 1848 w
10 R f
(and)1316 1848 w
10 I f
(mask)1485 1848 w
10 R f
(are decimal numbers.)2 856 1 1715 1848 t
( bits of the numbers in binary representation and the input symbols,)11 2753(There is a correspondence between the)5 1567 2 1080 2016 t
( meaning of a bit with value 1 in)8 1315( The)1 207(the first input symbol is associated with the least significant bit.)10 2567 3 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(mask)5195 2136 w
10 R f
( bit with value 1 in)5 783(is `do care', and the meaning of a)7 1370 2 1080 2256 t
10 I f
(term)3264 2256 w
10 R f
( the)1 153( Thus)1 256(is `input must be 1'.)4 827 3 3478 2256 t
10 I f
(term)4745 2256 w
10 R f
(:)4936 2256 w
10 I f
(mask)4972 2256 w
10 R f
(is an)1 192 1 5208 2256 t
( them when)2 476(implicant, and a set of)4 909 2 1080 2376 t
10 I f
(or)2495 2376 w
10 R f
('ed together describes the input conditions for which the output sym\255)10 2808 1 2592 2376 t
(bol will have a value of 1.)6 1040 1 1080 2496 t
(For example:)1 530 1 1080 2664 t
10 CW f
(.o 3 1 2)3 480 1 1140 2784 t
(3:3)1140 2904 w
(.o 4 1 2)3 480 1 1140 3024 t
(1:3 2:3 3:3)2 660 1 1140 3144 t
(.o 5 2 3)3 480 1 1140 3264 t
(1:3 2:3)1 420 1 1140 3384 t
(.o 11)1 300 1 1140 3504 t
(.o 9)1 240 1 1140 3624 t
(0:0)1140 3744 w
10 R f
(Output 3 is the)3 613 1 1080 3864 t
10 I f
(and)1725 3864 w
10 R f
( 1 and 2; output 4 is the)7 998(function of inputs)2 725 2 1907 3864 t
10 I f
(or)3663 3864 w
10 R f
(function of inputs 1 and 2 \()6 1136 1 3785 3864 t
10 I f
(quine)4929 3864 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))5159 3864 w
( the)1 147(would change this to 1:1 2:2\); output 5 is)8 1653 2 1080 3984 t
10 I f
(exclusive\255or)2905 3984 w
10 R f
(function of inputs 2 and 3; output 11 is a constant)10 1983 1 3417 3984 t
(0 and output 9 is a constant 1.)7 1194 1 1080 4104 t
10 I f
(Flag)1080 4272 w
10 R f
( communication between)2 1038(information is essentially)2 1043 2 1310 4272 t
10 I f
(lde)3433 4272 w
10 R f
(and the technology mapper for a particular)6 1803 1 3597 4272 t
( unchanged by)2 594(architecture, and is passed through)4 1411 2 1080 4392 t
10 I f
(quine)3116 4392 w
10 R f
(,)3346 4392 w
10 I f
(cover)3402 4392 w
10 R f
(, and)1 200 1 3631 4392 t
10 I f
(hazard)3862 4392 w
10 R f
(\(see)4171 4392 w
10 I f
(quine)4362 4392 w
10 R f
( the)1 153(\(10.1\)\). Among)1 655 2 4592 4392 t
10 I f
(flags)1080 4512 w
10 R f
(are)1300 4512 w
10 CW f
(b)1080 4680 w
10 R f
(buried)1440 4680 w
10 CW f
(d)1080 4800 w
10 R f
(D flip\255flop clock)2 671 1 1440 4800 t
10 CW f
(e)1080 4920 w
10 R f
(output enable)1 541 1 1440 4920 t
10 CW f
(g)1080 5040 w
10 R f
(clock enable)1 501 1 1440 5040 t
10 CW f
(i)1080 5160 w
10 R f
(inverted sense)1 568 1 1440 5160 t
10 CW f
(t)1080 5280 w
10 R f
(T flip\255flop clock)2 660 1 1440 5280 t
(Another example:)1 718 1 1080 5448 t
10 CW f
(.o x0@b)1 420 1 1140 5568 t
(0:0)1140 5688 w
(.o x1@b x0)2 600 1 1140 5808 t
(1:1)1140 5928 w
(.o x2@b x0 x1)3 780 1 1140 6048 t
(3:3)1140 6168 w
(.o x0@t ck)2 600 1 1140 6288 t
(1:1)1140 6408 w
(.o x1@t ck)2 600 1 1140 6528 t
(1:1)1140 6648 w
(.o x2@t ck)2 600 1 1140 6768 t
(1:1)1140 6888 w
(.o c2 x2)2 480 1 1140 7008 t
(1:1)1140 7128 w
(.o c2@e en)2 600 1 1140 7248 t
10 R f
( 522)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.6 \))3 265( MINTERM)1 3678(MINTERM \( 10.6 \))3 737 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(1:1)1140 960 w
(x[012])1080 1080 w
10 R f
( a buried three bit counter, each bit is toggled by)10 1943(are bits of)2 399 2 1465 1080 t
10 CW f
(ck)3833 1080 w
10 R f
(only if all lower bits are 1.)6 1063 1 3979 1080 t
10 CW f
(c2)5093 1080 w
10 R f
(out\255)5239 1080 w
(puts)1080 1200 w
10 CW f
(x2,)1272 1200 w
10 R f
(the output enable is controlled by)5 1335 1 1477 1200 t
10 CW f
(ck.)2837 1200 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1368 t
10 I f
(lde)1080 1488 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)1210 1488 w
10 I f
(quine)1501 1488 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)1731 1488 w
10 I f
(cover)2022 1488 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)2251 1488 w
10 I f
(hazard)2542 1488 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)2828 1488 w
10 I f
(xpal)3119 1488 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)3299 1488 w
10 I f
(part)3590 1488 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)3765 1488 w
10 I f
(act)4056 1488 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))4186 1488 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 523)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( MKPINS)1 3772(MKPINS \( 10.1 \))3 643 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(mkpins, mkpkgs, getpkgs, mkpos /\255 select pin definitions)7 2284 1 1080 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/mkpins)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(file)1705 1368 w
10 CW f
(.wx)1841 1368 w
10 R f
([)2046 1368 w
10 I f
(file)2104 1368 w
10 CW f
(.pins)2240 1368 w
10 R f
(... ])1 158 1 2565 1368 t
10 CW f
(cda/mkpkgs)1080 1536 w
10 I f
(file)1705 1536 w
10 CW f
(.wx)1841 1536 w
10 R f
([)2046 1536 w
10 I f
(file)2104 1536 w
10 CW f
(.pkgs)2240 1536 w
10 R f
(... ])1 158 1 2565 1536 t
10 CW f
(cda/getpkgs)1080 1704 w
10 I f
(file)1765 1704 w
10 CW f
(.wx)1901 1704 w
10 R f
([)2106 1704 w
10 I f
(file)2164 1704 w
10 CW f
(.fizz)2300 1704 w
10 R f
(... ])1 158 1 2625 1704 t
10 CW f
(cda/mkpos)1080 1872 w
10 I f
(file)1645 1872 w
10 CW f
(.fx)1781 1872 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 2040 t
10 I f
(Mkpins)1080 2160 w
10 R f
( various pins files given and only selects the needed pins definitions by looking up)14 3326(sorts through the)2 674 2 1400 2160 t
(the type from the)3 700 1 1080 2280 t
10 CW f
(.t)1810 2280 w
10 R f
(line in the various)3 734 1 1960 2280 t
10 CW f
(.pins)2723 2280 w
10 R f
( writes the needed pins on the standard output and)9 2036(files. It)1 312 2 3052 2280 t
(undefined pins on the standard error.)5 1469 1 1080 2400 t
10 I f
(Mkpkgs)1080 2568 w
10 R f
(is like)1 242 1 1415 2568 t
10 I f
(mkpins)1682 2568 w
10 R f
( package files and generates the appropriate package files on)9 2426(except it accepts a list of)5 984 2 1990 2568 t
(the standard output.)2 791 1 1080 2688 t
10 I f
(Getpkgs)1080 2856 w
10 R f
(is like)1 242 1 1432 2856 t
10 I f
(mkpkgs)1699 2856 w
10 R f
(except it takes a CDL input \()6 1154 1 2023 2856 t
10 CW f
(.wx)3177 2856 w
10 R f
(\) file and a)3 429 1 3357 2856 t
10 I f
(fizz)3811 2856 w
10 R f
(package file.)1 509 1 3970 2856 t
10 I f
(Mkpos)1080 3024 w
10 R f
(creates a null position file from a)6 1320 1 1371 3024 t
10 I f
(fizz)2716 3024 w
10 R f
(input file.)1 389 1 2875 3024 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 3192 t
10 R f
(CDL should go away.)3 877 1 1080 3312 t
( 524)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( NPART)1 3822(NPART \( 10.1 \))3 593 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(npart)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1310 1080 w
10 R f
(configure multi\255bank programmable logic devices)4 2002 1 1400 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(npart)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 I f
(options)1463 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1783 1368 t
10 I f
(filename)1899 1368 w
10 R f
(])2268 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Npart)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( described by)2 554(accepts logic functions)2 935 2 1349 1656 t
10 I f
(minterm)2874 1656 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\) as input and attempts to implement them with)8 2185 1 3215 1656 t
( AMD MACH series parts. It assigns pins and routes the)10 2256(multi\255bank programmable logic devices such as the)6 2064 2 1080 1776 t
( produces two output files)4 1070( Npart)1 285(interconnection switch matrix.)2 1234 3 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(filename)3702 1896 w
10 CW f
(.m)4054 1896 w
10 R f
(and)4207 1896 w
10 I f
(filename)4385 1896 w
10 CW f
(.p)4737 1896 w
10 I f
(.)4865 1896 w
10 R f
(The first is)2 451 1 4949 1896 t
(used by)1 308 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(xpal \(10.1\))1 438 1 1413 2016 t
10 R f
(for programming the device; the second contains pin assignment information.)9 3102 1 1876 2016 t
(The options are:)2 649 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 2352 w
10 I f
(device)1233 2352 w
10 S f
(_)1487 2352 w
10 I f
(type)1537 2352 w
10 R f
(use)1440 2472 w
10 I f
(device)1608 2472 w
10 S f
(_)1862 2472 w
10 I f
(type)1912 2472 w
10 R f
( programmable logic device \(presently AMD MACH M110,)7 2490(as the target device)3 797 2 2113 2472 t
( default,)1 340( By)1 180(M120, M130, M210, M220, and M230\).)5 1687 3 1440 2592 t
10 I f
(npart)3685 2592 w
10 R f
( type on the)3 505(uses the)1 332 2 3940 2592 t
10 CW f
(.x)4814 2592 w
10 R f
(line of the)2 429 1 4971 2592 t
10 I f
(lde)1440 2712 w
10 S f
(_)1562 2712 w
10 I f
(format)1612 2712 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\) source file if present.)4 1108 1 1887 2712 t
10 CW f
(\255N)1080 2880 w
10 I f
(n)1233 2880 w
10 R f
(Iterate at most)2 571 1 1440 2880 t
10 I f
(n)2036 2880 w
10 R f
(times \(default is 5\).)3 777 1 2111 2880 t
10 CW f
(\255M)1080 3048 w
10 I f
(n)1233 3048 w
10 R f
(Iterate an additional)2 808 1 1440 3048 t
10 I f
(n)2278 3048 w
10 R f
(times after successfully fitting the equations to the target devices to further)11 3042 1 2358 3048 t
(reduce the interconnection wiring.)3 1369 1 1440 3168 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 3336 w
10 R f
(Use the pin assignments in the pin assignment files.)8 2069 1 1440 3336 t
10 CW f
(\255L n)1 240 1 1080 3504 t
10 R f
(Backtrack n levels deep in attempting to route the interconnection switch matrix \(default is 2\).)14 3764 1 1440 3504 t
10 CW f
(\255S n)1 240 1 1080 3672 t
10 R f
(Leave at least n unused inputs on each of the internal banks.)11 2401 1 1440 3672 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 525)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.6 \))3 265( PADDLE)1 3756(PADDLE \( 10.6 \))3 659 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(paddle)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1371 1080 w
10 R f
(pal description language)2 976 1 1461 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 I f
(Paddle)1080 1368 w
10 R f
( of programmable devices.)3 1076(is a description language for detailing the fuse format)8 2159 2 1391 1368 t
10 I f
(Paddle)4680 1368 w
10 R f
(is used by)2 408 1 4992 1368 t
10 I f
(xpal)1080 1488 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\) to create the fuse map that)6 1316 1 1260 1488 t
10 I f
(urom)2601 1488 w
10 R f
( is also used by)4 611( It)1 111(\(10.1\) and friends want.)3 956 3 2820 1488 t
10 I f
(xpart)4523 1488 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\).)4742 1488 w
10 I f
(Paddle)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( model looks something like this: \()6 1420( This)1 233(has an underlying model of arrays of fuses.)7 1752 3 1392 1656 t
10 CW f
(.,.)4813 1656 w
10 R f
(\)... 0.000i)1 391 1 5009 1656 t
(1.875i 3.625i 0.000i)2 809 1 1080 1776 t
6 CW f
(idempotent line)1 540 1 3555 2040 t
(inverted line)1 468 1 3555 2264 t
3059 2868 3059 1878 Dl
2835 2868 2835 1878 Dl
2790 2868 2790 1878 Dl
(input node)1 360 1 1755 2264 t
4365 2058 2655 2058 Dl
2295 2282 2295 2058 Dl
2295 2058 2430 2058 Dl
2475 1968 2475 2148 Dl
2610 2058 2475 1968 Dl
2475 2148 2610 2058 Dl
2654 2058 2610 2058 Dl
2474 2058 2430 2058 Dl
1755 2282 2430 2282 Dl
4365 2282 2655 2282 Dl
2475 2193 2475 2373 Dl
2610 2283 2475 2193 Dl
2475 2372 2610 2282 Dl
2621 2260 2610 2271 Dl
2610 2272 2610 2294 Dl
2610 2294 2621 2305 Dl
2621 2305 2643 2305 Dl
2644 2305 2655 2294 Dl
2655 2293 2655 2271 Dl
2654 2271 2643 2260 Dl
2643 2260 2621 2260 Dl
2474 2282 2430 2282 Dl
2835 2868 2896 2884 Dl
2897 2884 2953 2884 Dl
2954 2884 3015 2868 Dl
3015 2868 3015 2958 Dl
3014 2958 2998 2986 Dl
2997 2986 2975 3008 Dl
2975 3009 2953 3031 Dl
2953 3032 2925 3048 Dl
2924 3047 2885 3025 Dl
2885 3025 2857 2997 Dl
2857 2997 2835 2958 Dl
2835 2958 2835 2868 Dl
2835 2868 1 1 De
2835 2868 2745 2868 Dl
3015 2868 3105 2868 Dl
2925 3228 2925 3048 Dl
10 CW f
( .)1 45(. .)1 106 2 2879 2580 t
6 CW f
(output node)1 396 1 2727 3270 t
10 R f
(The input to an)3 626 1 1080 3486 t
10 I f
(and/or)1737 3486 w
10 R f
( node can be externally)4 953( A)1 129( the output is also a set of nodes.)8 1358(array is a set of nodes;)5 925 4 2035 3486 t
( is called a)3 433( buffered or inverted version of a node)7 1565( The)1 209(visible \(such as a pin\) or it may be an internal node.)11 2113 4 1080 3606 t
( the input term of the)5 881( intersection of a line with)5 1081("line". The)1 469 3 1080 3726 t
10 I f
(OR)3544 3726 w
10 R f
(is controlled by a)3 715 1 3710 3726 t
10 I f
(fuse)4458 3726 w
10 R f
( collection of)2 543(. The)1 238 2 4619 3726 t
(fuses over a set of input and output nodes is called an)11 2133 1 1080 3846 t
10 I f
(array)3238 3846 w
10 R f
(.)3460 3846 w
(It is possible that a device may have multiple)8 2012 1 1080 4014 t
10 I f
(and/or)3143 4014 w
10 R f
( such devices include the)4 1106(arrays; examples of)2 833 2 3461 4014 t
( finite state machine controller and the Signetics)7 1970(Advanced Micro Devices Mach parts, the Cypress 7C361)7 2350 2 1080 4134 t
( be followed by a sym\255)5 948( every array declaration must)4 1183( Therefore,)1 472(Macrologic \(PLS 501, 601 and 701\) parts.)6 1717 4 1080 4254 t
( helps)1 246( This)1 238(bolic name.)1 476 3 1080 4374 t
10 CW f
(xpal)2075 4374 w
10 R f
(and)2350 4374 w
10 CW f
(xpart)2529 4374 w
10 R f
( each array must have an)5 1033( Also,)1 274(to give useful error messages.)4 1229 3 2864 4374 t
( the declaration)2 625( Next,)1 274( be placed anywhere in the fuse space.)7 1563( permits the array to)4 820( This)1 232("offset" declaration.)1 806 6 1080 4494 t
( most programmable logic devices, input lines come)7 2115( that in)2 288( Note)1 249(of input and output nodes must be given.)7 1668 4 1080 4614 t
( courtesy of the buffer on the input pin.)8 1727(in both complement and idempotent flavors and are provided)8 2593 2 1080 4734 t
10 I f
(Paddle)1080 4854 w
10 R f
( declaration that declares that a given set of nodes are doubled, either the complement)14 3423(therefore has a)2 588 2 1389 4854 t
(or idempotent line first.)3 944 1 1080 4974 t
( example, the)2 567( For)1 205( declaring special fuses that some programmable parts offer.)8 2536(Fuse arrays are used for)4 1012 4 1080 5142 t
10 CW f
(22V10)1080 5262 w
10 R f
( combinatorial and)2 757(has fuses that set the polarity of the output pin, whether the output is latched or)15 3233 2 1410 5262 t
( are not organized in an)5 949( fuses)1 231( These)1 289(so forth.)1 334 4 1080 5382 t
10 I f
(and/or)2910 5382 w
10 R f
(array and so)2 491 1 3204 5382 t
10 I f
(paddle)3722 5382 w
10 R f
(just permits a one\255to\255one mapping)4 1379 1 4021 5382 t
( multiple fuse arrays provided)4 1250( permits)1 363( pin \(external node\) numbers and fuse numbers.)7 1998(between artificial)1 709 4 1080 5502 t
( by defining the name of the part along with possible)10 2169( definition begins)2 710( Each)1 254(they are given unique names.)4 1187 4 1080 5622 t
( is followed by \(1\) an array declaration \(2\) a fuse block definition \(3\) a type declaration)16 3651(synonyms. This)1 669 2 1080 5742 t
(\(the)1080 5862 w
10 CW f
(.tt)1261 5862 w
10 R f
( array declaration permits declaration of input and out\255)8 2200( The)1 207(line\) and lastly, a \(4\) pins declaration.)6 1526 3 1467 5862 t
( use of the)3 422( The)1 208(put pins to the array.)4 836 3 1080 5982 t
10 I f
(complement)2574 5982 w
10 R f
( general)1 320( The)1 207( pin.)1 180(keyword create 2 input lines for a given)7 1609 4 3084 5982 t
(form of a pin declaration is)5 1094 1 1080 6102 t
10 CW f
(pin:terms=fuse)2201 6102 w
10 R f
(, where)1 295 1 3041 6102 t
10 I f
(terms)3363 6102 w
10 R f
( pin)1 156(is the maximum number of terms for the)7 1632 2 3612 6102 t
(and)1080 6222 w
10 I f
(fuse)1249 6222 w
10 R f
(is the optional fuse number.)4 1113 1 1435 6222 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 6390 t
10 R f
(Here is part of the declaration of a 20L10:)8 1679 1 1080 6510 t
10 CW f
(20L10=NS20L10=AM20L10 {)1 1380 1 1080 6750 t
(package "DIP24")1 900 1 1320 6870 t
(declare {)1 540 1 1320 6990 t
(internal {)1 600 1 1440 7110 t
(output enables { 114..123 })4 1620 1 1800 7230 t
10 R f
( 526)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.6 \))3 265( PADDLE)1 3756(PADDLE \( 10.6 \))3 659 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(})1440 960 w
(external {)1 600 1 1440 1080 t
(inputs { 1..13 })3 960 1 1800 1200 t
(inverted outputs { 14..23 })4 1620 1 1800 1320 t
(ground { 12 })3 780 1 1800 1440 t
(supply { 24 })3 780 1 1800 1560 t
(})1440 1680 w
(})1320 1800 w
(array and/or {)2 840 1 1320 1920 t
(inputs complement+ {)2 1200 1 1440 2040 t
(2, 1,)1 480 1 1800 2160 t
(.)1800 2280 w
(.)1800 2400 w
(.)1800 2520 w
(11, 13)1 480 1 1800 2640 t
(})1440 2760 w
(outputs {)1 540 1 1440 2880 t
(123:1,)1800 3000 w
(23:3,)1800 3120 w
(.)1800 3240 w
(.)1800 3360 w
(.)1800 3480 w
(})1800 3600 w
(})1440 3720 w
(})1080 3840 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4008 t
10 I f
(xpal)1080 4128 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))1260 4128 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 4296 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/cda/library.paddle)1080 4416 w
10 R f
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 527)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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554 pagesetup
10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( PART)1 3894(PART \( 10.1 \))3 521 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(part)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1260 1080 w
10 R f
(configure common programmable logic devices)4 1913 1 1350 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(part)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 I f
(options)1403 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1723 1368 t
10 I f
(filename)1839 1368 w
10 R f
(])2208 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Part)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(accepts logic functions described by)4 1451 1 1284 1656 t
10 I f
(minterm)2761 1656 w
10 R f
( pro\255)1 193(\(10.6\) as input and attempts to implement them with)8 2105 2 3102 1656 t
( case)1 202( the)1 154( In)1 140(grammable logic devices. It assigns pins partitioning them over multiple devices if necessary.)12 3824 4 1080 1776 t
( output files)2 496(that a single device is sufficient, part produces two)8 2091 2 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(filename)3701 1896 w
10 CW f
(.m)4053 1896 w
10 R f
(and)4207 1896 w
10 I f
(filename)4385 1896 w
10 CW f
(.p)4737 1896 w
10 I f
(.)4865 1896 w
10 R f
(The first is)2 451 1 4949 1896 t
(used by)1 320 1 1080 2016 t
10 I f
(xpal \(10.1\))1 449 1 1437 2016 t
10 R f
(for programming the device; the second contains pin assignment information. In the)11 3478 1 1922 2016 t
(case of multiple devices)3 1031 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(filename)2159 2136 w
10 CW f
(.)2511 2136 w
10 I f
(nn)2579 2136 w
10 CW f
(m)2687 2136 w
10 R f
(and)2795 2136 w
10 I f
(filename)2987 2136 w
10 CW f
(.)3339 2136 w
10 I f
(nn)3407 2136 w
10 CW f
(p)3515 2136 w
10 R f
( where)1 292(files are generated,)2 801 2 3623 2136 t
10 I f
(nn)4765 2136 w
10 R f
(are integers)1 486 1 4914 2136 t
( In the case of multiple devices, a)7 1406(between 0 and the number of devices minus one.)8 2037 2 1080 2256 t
10 I f
(filename)4558 2256 w
10 CW f
(.j)4910 2256 w
10 R f
(giving a)1 335 1 5065 2256 t
(schematic representation of how the devices are connected in)8 2443 1 1080 2376 t
10 I f
(graw)3548 2376 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\) format is also produced.)4 1231 1 3762 2376 t
(The options are:)2 649 1 1080 2544 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 2712 w
10 I f
(device)1233 2712 w
10 S f
(_)1487 2712 w
10 I f
(type)1537 2712 w
10 R f
(use)1440 2832 w
10 I f
(device)1601 2832 w
10 S f
(_)1855 2832 w
10 I f
(type)1905 2832 w
10 R f
( default,)1 330( By)1 170(as the target device programmable logic device.)6 1927 3 2099 2832 t
10 I f
(part)4554 2832 w
10 R f
( on)1 129(uses the type)2 522 2 4749 2832 t
(the)1440 2952 w
10 CW f
(.x)1587 2952 w
10 R f
(line of the)2 405 1 1732 2952 t
10 I f
(lde)2162 2952 w
10 S f
(_)2284 2952 w
10 I f
(format)2334 2952 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\) source file if present.)4 1108 1 2609 2952 t
10 CW f
(\255N)1080 3120 w
10 I f
(n)1233 3120 w
10 R f
(Iterate at most)2 571 1 1440 3120 t
10 I f
(n)2036 3120 w
10 R f
(times \(default is 5\).)3 777 1 2111 3120 t
10 CW f
(\255M)1080 3288 w
10 I f
(n)1233 3288 w
10 R f
(Iterate an additional)2 798 1 1440 3288 t
10 I f
(n)2263 3288 w
10 R f
(times after successfully fitting the equations to the target devices.)9 2613 1 2338 3288 t
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 3456 w
10 R f
(Use the pin assignments in the pin assignment files.)8 2069 1 1440 3456 t
( 528)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( PGA)1 3950(PGA \( 10.1 \))3 465 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(pga)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1249 1080 w
10 R f
(generate CDL pins format for large packages)6 1800 1 1339 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/pga)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(pin)1525 1368 w
10 S f
(_)1653 1368 w
10 I f
(file)1703 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Pga)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(takes a list of pin names \(in numerical order\), one per line, and generates a pin list suitable for)18 4114 1 1286 1656 t
10 I f
(cdmglob)1080 1776 w
10 R f
( may be optionally followed by a tab and a single character)11 2513( pin name)2 424( Each)1 264(\(10.1\) and friends.)2 767 4 1432 1776 t
10 I f
(smoke)1080 1896 w
10 R f
( pin names are:)3 607( Special)1 344(\(10.1\) pin type.)2 616 3 1337 1896 t
10 CW f
(VCC)2929 1896 w
10 R f
(,)3109 1896 w
10 CW f
(VDD)3159 1896 w
10 R f
(,)3339 1896 w
10 CW f
(VSS)3389 1896 w
10 R f
(and)3594 1896 w
10 CW f
(GND)3763 1896 w
10 R f
( are recognized and generate)4 1143(. These)1 314 2 3943 1896 t
( specified, the default pin type is)6 1301( Unless)1 322(the proper pin type.)3 782 3 1080 2016 t
10 CW f
(4)3510 2016 w
10 R f
(, or bidirectional tri\255state.)3 1018 1 3570 2016 t
(There are two other special names:)5 1393 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(NC)2498 2184 w
10 R f
( and)1 170(, which denotes no connect pins)5 1276 2 2618 2184 t
10 CW f
(\255\255)4090 2184 w
10 R f
(, which specifies a hole in the)6 1190 1 4210 2184 t
( worth knowing about)3 886( commands \(preceded by a '! '\))6 1269( Special)1 347( may be preceded by a '# '.)7 1106(PGA. Comments)1 712 5 1080 2304 t
(are:)1080 2424 w
10 I f
(debug)1254 2424 w
10 R f
(,)1506 2424 w
10 I f
(map)1556 2424 w
10 R f
(,)1736 2424 w
10 I f
(clip)1786 2424 w
10 R f
(, and)1 194 1 1944 2424 t
10 I f
(holes)2163 2424 w
10 R f
(.)2382 2424 w
10 CW f
(debug)1080 2592 w
10 R f
(is useful for double checking your definition,)6 1806 1 1405 2592 t
10 CW f
(map mapfile)1 665 1 1080 2760 t
10 R f
( An)1 178( map file is a 1:1 mapping suitable for PGA adaptors.)10 2194(maps the pins via a map file; a)7 1253 3 1775 2760 t
(example of a map file that will reverse all the pins in a mysterious 5 pin package is:)17 3337 1 1080 2880 t
(1 5)1 410 1 1080 3120 t
(2 4)1 410 1 1080 3240 t
(3 3)1 410 1 1080 3360 t
(4 2)1 410 1 1080 3480 t
(5 1)1 410 1 1080 3600 t
10 CW f
(clip [v|g])1 600 1 1080 3768 t
10 R f
(tells)1705 3768 w
10 I f
(pga)1897 3768 w
10 R f
(to capitalize the appropriate plane \(suitable for)6 1862 1 2072 3768 t
10 I f
(clip)3959 3768 w
10 R f
(\).)4117 3768 w
10 CW f
(holes)1080 3936 w
10 R f
(counts holes \(pins declared as)4 1220 1 1412 3936 t
10 CW f
(\255\255)2664 3936 w
10 R f
( holes)1 244( Normally)1 440(\) as pins and therefore will generate more pins.)8 1932 3 2784 3936 t
(are ignored.)1 476 1 1080 4056 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( PL)1 57( MP)1 52( XA AM)2 149(E EX)1 122 6 720 4224 t
10 R f
(Here's an example:)2 775 1 1080 4344 t
(# section E with hole)4 844 1 1080 4584 t
(WE\255 i)1 388 1 1080 4704 t
(DI05)1080 4824 w
(DI10)1080 4944 w
(NC)1080 5064 w
(\255\255)1080 5184 w
(\255\255)1080 5304 w
(\255\255)1080 5424 w
(VSS)1080 5544 w
(\255\255)1080 5664 w
(\255\255)1080 5784 w
(\255\255)1080 5904 w
(DI38)1080 6024 w
(DI34)1080 6144 w
(REGADR4 i)1 748 1 1080 6264 t
(CI6 i)1 388 1 1080 6384 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 6672 t
10 I f
(cdmglob)1080 6792 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)1432 6792 w
10 I f
(smoke)1723 6792 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)1980 6792 w
10 I f
(fizz)2271 6792 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\))2413 6792 w
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 529)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( PLL)1 3972(PLL \( 10.1 \))3 443 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(pll)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1211 1080 w
10 R f
(phase lock loop calculator)3 1045 1 1301 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/pll)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1525 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255cfknoptzAPT)1583 1368 w
10 R f
(])2328 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Pll)1080 1656 w
10 R f
( values and)2 475( Component)1 530( loop.)1 241(calculates the passive component values for a second\255order phase lock)9 2920 4 1234 1656 t
( output while the Bode plot is generated on the standard)10 2261(other calculations are emitted on the standard error)7 2059 2 1080 1776 t
(output.)1080 1896 w
(The parameters of the loop are given on the command line:)10 2362 1 1080 2064 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 2232 w
10 R f
(the capacitor, in farads)3 908 1 1440 2232 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 2400 w
10 R f
(the frequency of the loop in hertz)6 1330 1 1440 2400 t
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 2568 w
10 R f
(the gain constant of the vco \(in Hz/v\))7 1489 1 1440 2568 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 2736 w
10 R f
(the divider multiplier)2 850 1 1440 2736 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 2904 w
10 R f
(the frequency of the loop)4 1003 1 1440 2904 t
10 S f
(w)2468 2904 w
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 3072 w
10 R f
(the gain constant of the phase detector \(in V/radian\))8 2073 1 1440 3072 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 3240 w
10 R f
(the `type' of the chip; should be in the list printed by the)12 2254 1 1440 3240 t
10 CW f
(\255T)3719 3240 w
10 R f
(option.)3864 3240 w
10 CW f
(\255z)1080 3408 w
10 R f
(the damping constant)2 855 1 1440 3408 t
10 S f
(z)2320 3408 w
10 R f
(Other output flags are:)3 901 1 1080 3576 t
10 CW f
(\255A)1080 3744 w
10 R f
(for an active filter \(defaults to passive\))6 1546 1 1440 3744 t
10 CW f
(\255P)1080 3912 w
10 R f
(for a Bode plot; output)4 911 1 1440 3912 t
10 I f
(grap)2376 3912 w
10 R f
(\(1\) format on standard output.)4 1201 1 2573 3912 t
10 CW f
(\255T)1080 4080 w
10 R f
(will tell about the chip types known to)7 1536 1 1440 4080 t
10 I f
(pll.)3001 4080 w
10 R f
( "Theory and Design of Digital PLL Frequency Syn\255)8 2113(This program is shamelessly stolen from Rhode's book)7 2207 2 1080 4248 t
(thesizers".)1080 4368 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4536 t
10 I f
(grap)1080 4656 w
10 R f
(\(1\))1277 4656 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4824 t
10 R f
(Capacitor value should be in microfarads.)5 1669 1 1080 4944 t
(Failure to give all the values results in an invalid floating point fault.)12 2746 1 1080 5064 t
( 530)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( QUINE)1 3840(QUINE \( 10.1 \))3 575 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(quine, cover, hazard)2 808 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1913 1080 w
10 R f
(logic programs)1 602 1 2003 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/quine)1080 1368 w
(cda/cover)1080 1488 w
10 R f
([)1645 1488 w
10 CW f
(\255s)1703 1488 w
10 R f
(])1848 1488 w
10 CW f
(cda/hazard)1080 1608 w
10 R f
([)1705 1608 w
10 CW f
(\255)1763 1608 w
10 I f
(n)1831 1608 w
10 R f
(] ...)1 133 1 1906 1608 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1776 t
10 I f
(Quine)1080 1896 w
10 R f
(,)1332 1896 w
10 I f
(cover)1398 1896 w
10 R f
(, and)1 211 1 1627 1896 t
10 I f
(hazard)1880 1896 w
10 R f
(read the standard input and write the standard output, both in the format of)13 3200 1 2200 1896 t
10 I f
(minterm)1080 2016 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\).)1421 2016 w
10 I f
(Quine)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(produces a Quine\255McCluskey reduction of the input data.)7 2296 1 1349 2184 t
10 I f
(Cover)1080 2352 w
10 R f
( The)1 210( hard and may not finish in reasonable time.)8 1796(does the covering problem, which is exponentially)6 2041 3 1353 2352 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 2472 w
10 R f
(option causes)1 541 1 1225 2472 t
10 I f
(cover)1791 2472 w
10 R f
(to not do the complete problem and go faster.)8 1817 1 2037 2472 t
10 I f
(Hazard)1080 2640 w
10 R f
( and PLA's. The hazard can occur)6 1389(adds terms to eliminate internal hazards that can occur in PAL's)10 2602 2 1409 2640 t
(when the form of the equations is \()7 1402 1 1080 2760 t
10 I f
(a)2490 2760 w
10 R f
(&)2548 2760 w
10 I f
(x)2634 2760 w
10 R f
(\))2686 2760 w
10 S f
(\357)2745 2760 w
10 R f
(\()2820 2760 w
10 I f
(b)2861 2760 w
10 R f
(& !)1 137 1 2919 2760 t
10 I f
(x)3064 2760 w
10 R f
(\). When)1 347 1 3116 2760 t
10 I f
(a)3489 2760 w
10 R f
(and)3565 2760 w
10 I f
(b)3735 2760 w
10 R f
( may appear on the)4 759(are both true a glitch)4 830 2 3811 2760 t
(output when)1 500 1 1080 2880 t
10 I f
(x)1608 2880 w
10 R f
(is changed.)1 452 1 1680 2880 t
10 I f
(Hazard)2185 2880 w
10 R f
(eliminates it by adding another term \()6 1522 1 2513 2880 t
10 I f
(a)4043 2880 w
10 R f
(&)4101 2880 w
10 I f
(b)4187 2880 w
10 R f
( there are any)3 548(\). If)1 177 2 4245 2880 t
10 CW f
(\255)4998 2880 w
10 I f
(n)5066 2880 w
10 R f
(option)5144 2880 w
(flags for)1 337 1 1080 3000 t
10 I f
(hazard)1444 3000 w
10 R f
( the set of)3 394(, only those outputs whose symbols are in)7 1686 2 1730 3000 t
10 I f
(n 's)1 148 1 3836 3000 t
10 R f
(will be modified by)3 789 1 4010 3000 t
10 I f
(hazard)4825 3000 w
10 R f
(, other\255)1 289 1 5111 3000 t
(wise all outputs are \(possibly\) modified.)5 1610 1 1080 3120 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3288 t
10 I f
(lde)1080 3408 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)1210 3408 w
10 I f
(minterm)1501 3408 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\),)1842 3408 w
10 I f
(xpal)2133 3408 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))2313 3408 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3576 t
10 CW f
(qtmp)1080 3696 w
10 I f
(n)1328 3696 w
10 R f
(and)1403 3696 w
10 CW f
(bsort)1572 3696 w
10 I f
(n)1880 3696 w
10 R f
(in the working directory for temporaries.)5 1630 1 1955 3696 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 531)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( REWORK)1 3717(REWORK \( 10.1 \))3 698 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(rework)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1387 1080 w
10 R f
(diff two wraplists)2 705 1 1477 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/rework)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1705 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255e)1763 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1908 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255q)2024 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2169 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255v)2285 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2430 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255s)2546 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2691 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255o)2807 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2952 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255d)3068 1368 w
10 I f
(net)3196 1368 w
10 R f
(])3343 1368 w
10 I f
(old new)1 314 1 3401 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Rework)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(takes two wraplists \(the output of)5 1350 1 1413 1656 t
10 I f
(wrap)2791 1656 w
10 R f
( wraplists:)1 418(\(10.1\)\) and produces three)3 1061 2 3005 1656 t
10 CW f
(UN.wr)4513 1656 w
10 R f
(,)4813 1656 w
10 CW f
(RE.wr,)4867 1656 w
10 R f
(and)5256 1656 w
10 CW f
(NEW.wr. NEW.wr)1 842 1 1080 1776 t
10 R f
(describes the result of removing the wires in)7 1856 1 1959 1776 t
10 CW f
(UN.wr)3852 1776 w
10 R f
(from)4188 1776 w
10 I f
(old)4418 1776 w
10 R f
(and then adding the)3 818 1 4582 1776 t
(wires in)1 320 1 1080 1896 t
10 CW f
(RE.wr)1426 1896 w
10 R f
( list)1 149(. The)1 231 2 1726 1896 t
10 CW f
(NEW.wr)2132 1896 w
10 R f
(is electrically equivalent to)3 1082 1 2518 1896 t
10 I f
(new .)1 212 1 3626 1896 t
10 R f
(Typically, the file)2 715 1 3864 1896 t
10 I f
(new)4605 1896 w
10 R f
(is generated by)2 608 1 4792 1896 t
10 I f
(wrap)1080 2016 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\) and)1 410 1 1294 2016 t
10 I f
(old)1729 2016 w
10 R f
(is the)1 214 1 1882 2016 t
10 CW f
(NEW.wr)2121 2016 w
10 R f
(produced in the last rework.)4 1117 1 2506 2016 t
(The various options are)3 940 1 1080 2184 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 2352 w
10 I f
(net)1208 2352 w
10 R f
( optional netname)2 716( The)1 205(produce detailed debugging output.)3 1415 3 1430 2352 t
10 I f
(net)3791 2352 w
10 R f
(confines debugging to just that net.)5 1405 1 3938 2352 t
10 CW f
(\255e)1080 2520 w
10 R f
(like)1430 2520 w
10 CW f
(\255v)1605 2520 w
10 R f
(except that input nets need not be connected.)7 1791 1 1750 2520 t
10 CW f
(\255o)1080 2688 w
10 R f
(the nets in)2 411 1 1430 2688 t
10 CW f
(NEW.wr)1866 2688 w
10 R f
( unchanged nets are just copied.)5 1275( Normally)1 433(will be ordered.)2 629 3 2251 2688 t
10 CW f
(\255q)1080 2856 w
10 R f
( this is only useful when the new)7 1369( Currently,)1 466(try to minimize the number of wires for the rework.)9 2135 3 1430 2856 t
(net is strictly larger than the old net.)7 1443 1 1430 2976 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 3144 w
10 R f
(print some statistics of the inputs.)5 1345 1 1430 3144 t
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 3312 w
10 R f
( output.)1 307(print a terse summary of the differences on standard)8 2078 2 1430 3312 t
10 CW f
(UN.wr)3866 3312 w
10 R f
(,)4166 3312 w
10 CW f
(RE.wr)4217 3312 w
10 R f
(, and)1 195 1 4517 3312 t
10 CW f
(NEW.wr)4738 3312 w
10 R f
(will be)1 276 1 5124 3312 t
(unchanged.)1430 3432 w
10 I f
(Rework)1080 3600 w
10 R f
(ignores the start \()3 699 1 1411 3600 t
10 CW f
(04)2110 3600 w
10 R f
(\) and stop \()3 455 1 2230 3600 t
10 CW f
(08)2685 3600 w
10 R f
( wires for one net are sequen\255)6 1191(\) bits in its input; it assumes all the)8 1404 2 2805 3600 t
(tial in the input.)3 634 1 1080 3720 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3888 t
10 I f
(wrap)1080 4008 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))1294 4008 w
( 532)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( SMOKE)1 3800(SMOKE \( 10.1 \))3 615 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(smoke)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1366 1080 w
10 R f
(static circuit checks)2 787 1 1456 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/smoke)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1645 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255l load)1 420 1 1703 1368 t
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 2148 1368 t
10 CW f
(\255abcmnpsxL)2264 1368 w
10 R f
(])2889 1368 w
10 I f
(files)2947 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Smoke)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(reads and checks a circuit and reports simple errors like typechecking in C.)12 2996 1 1365 1656 t
(The circuit description language is)4 1417 1 1080 1824 t
10 I f
(cdl)2531 1824 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\). The)1 480 1 2661 1824 t
10 I f
(files)3175 1824 w
10 R f
( with)1 213(are usually a circuit description file\(s\) made)6 1811 2 3376 1824 t
10 I f
(gnet)1080 1944 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\) and/or)1 523 1 1260 1944 t
10 I f
(cdmglob)1810 1944 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\) and the pins files with)5 1159 1 2162 1944 t
10 CW f
(.tt)3348 1944 w
10 R f
( those given to)3 589(lines like)1 366 2 3555 1944 t
10 I f
(cdmglob)4536 1944 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\). Files)1 512 1 4888 1944 t
(with net lists come first, pins files come second.)8 1921 1 1080 2064 t
(The)1080 2232 w
10 CW f
(.tt)1260 2232 w
10 R f
(line contains one character per pin on the chip according to the following table:)13 3169 1 1465 2232 t
10 CW f
(1)1440 2472 w
10 R f
(open collector output)2 849 1 1800 2472 t
10 CW f
(2)1440 2592 w
10 R f
(totem pole ttl output)3 815 1 1800 2592 t
10 CW f
(3)1440 2712 w
10 R f
(3\255state output)1 547 1 1800 2712 t
10 CW f
(i)1440 2832 w
10 R f
(input)1800 2832 w
10 CW f
(p)1440 2952 w
10 R f
(pull\255up \(for 1\))2 571 1 1800 2952 t
10 CW f
(0)1440 3072 w
10 R f
(1 and p)2 294 1 1800 3072 t
10 CW f
(4)1440 3192 w
10 R f
(3 and i)2 272 1 1800 3192 t
10 CW f
(5)1440 3312 w
10 R f
(1 and i)2 272 1 1800 3312 t
10 CW f
(6)1440 3432 w
10 R f
(1 and p and i)4 516 1 1800 3432 t
10 CW f
(j)1440 3552 w
10 R f
(p and i)2 272 1 1800 3552 t
10 CW f
(k)1440 3672 w
10 R f
(d and i)2 272 1 1800 3672 t
10 CW f
(9)1440 3792 w
10 R f
(voltage source)1 579 1 1800 3792 t
10 CW f
(v)1440 3912 w
10 R f
(vcc sink \(.vb 1\))3 621 1 1800 3912 t
10 CW f
(w)1440 4032 w
10 R f
(.vb 2 sink)2 392 1 1800 4032 t
10 CW f
(x)1440 4152 w
10 R f
(.vb 3 sink)2 392 1 1800 4152 t
10 CW f
(y)1440 4272 w
10 R f
(.vb 4 sink)2 392 1 1800 4272 t
10 CW f
(z)1440 4392 w
10 R f
(.vb 5 sink)2 392 1 1800 4392 t
10 CW f
(g)1440 4512 w
10 R f
(ground)1800 4512 w
10 CW f
(n)1440 4632 w
10 R f
(no connect \(use as tie point prohibited\))6 1559 1 1800 4632 t
10 CW f
(8)1440 4752 w
10 R f
(analog output)1 547 1 1800 4752 t
10 CW f
(a)1440 4872 w
10 R f
(analog input)1 497 1 1800 4872 t
10 CW f
(A)1440 4992 w
10 R f
(analog input/output pin)2 934 1 1800 4992 t
10 CW f
(s)1440 5112 w
10 R f
(switch contact)1 574 1 1800 5112 t
10 CW f
(t)1440 5232 w
10 R f
(terminator)1800 5232 w
10 CW f
(b)1440 5352 w
10 R f
(PAL undeclared pin)2 804 1 1800 5352 t
10 CW f
(I)1440 5472 w
10 R f
(current source \(not supported\))3 1205 1 1800 5472 t
10 CW f
(J)1440 5592 w
10 R f
(current sink \(not supported\))3 1112 1 1800 5592 t
10 CW f
(D)1440 5712 w
10 R f
(+ driver)1 319 1 1800 5712 t
10 CW f
(d)1440 5832 w
10 R f
(\255 driver)1 296 1 1800 5832 t
10 CW f
(R)1440 5952 w
10 R f
(+ receiver)1 401 1 1800 5952 t
10 CW f
(r)1440 6072 w
10 R f
(\255 receiver)1 378 1 1800 6072 t
10 CW f
(P)1440 6192 w
10 R f
(pulldown)1800 6192 w
10 CW f
(.)1440 6312 w
10 R f
(no type)1 297 1 1800 6312 t
(The various options for)3 935 1 1080 6600 t
10 I f
(smoke)2040 6600 w
10 R f
(are)2314 6600 w
10 CW f
(\255a)1080 6768 w
10 R f
(Don't print out errors on analog nets.)6 1484 1 1430 6768 t
10 CW f
(\255b)1080 6936 w
10 R f
(Don't print out errors on nets with bidirectional pins.)8 2118 1 1430 6936 t
10 CW f
(\255c)1080 7104 w
10 R f
(Print out the entire circuit with type declarations by each pin \(but does)12 2813 1 1430 7104 t
10 I f
(not)4268 7104 w
10 R f
(do any checking.)2 679 1 4421 7104 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 533)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( SMOKE)1 3800(SMOKE \( 10.1 \))3 615 3 720 480 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1080 960 w
10 R f
(takes an optional loading count; only nets with more loads will be flagged for load complaints.)15 3786 1 1430 960 t
10 CW f
(\255m)1080 1128 w
10 R f
(Don't complain about lone pins on macro signals.)7 1993 1 1430 1128 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 1296 w
10 R f
( printed out \(when used with)5 1186(Turn on `complete' nets; when errors occur, nets will be completely)10 2784 2 1430 1296 t
10 CW f
(\255x)1430 1416 w
10 R f
(\).)1550 1416 w
10 CW f
(\255p)1080 1584 w
10 R f
(Turn on paranoid mode;)3 968 1 1430 1584 t
10 I f
(smoke)2423 1584 w
10 R f
( in a net.)3 347(normally doesn't complain if there are any undeclared pins)8 2356 2 2697 1584 t
(Now it will.)2 481 1 1430 1704 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 1872 w
10 R f
( recommended for general use.)4 1232( Not)1 200(Ignore multiple source messages.)3 1331 3 1430 1872 t
10 CW f
(\255x)1080 2040 w
10 R f
( nets will be printed out in gory detail;)8 1573( Offending)1 465(Turn on extra \(excessive\) mode.)4 1308 3 1430 2040 t
10 I f
(very)4807 2040 w
10 R f
(useful for)1 391 1 5009 2040 t
(debugging the nets it complains about.)5 1544 1 1430 2160 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 2328 w
10 CW f
(L)1145 2328 w
10 R f
(Ignore lonely pins with names beginning with)6 1838 1 1430 2328 t
10 CW f
($)3293 2328 w
10 R f
(\(local names\).)1 565 1 3378 2328 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2496 t
10 R f
(In)1080 2616 w
10 I f
(smoke,)1188 2616 w
10 R f
(the last definition of the chip is the one that counts.)10 2046 1 1487 2616 t
( 534)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.6 \))3 265( STOCK)1 3822(STOCK \( 10.6 \))3 593 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(stock)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1316 1080 w
10 R f
(stock list)1 359 1 1406 1080 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1248 t
10 R f
( first column is the part name, the second column is the bin \(bins have)14 2814( The)1 206(The stock file is a plain text file.)7 1300 3 1080 1368 t
(the form)1 344 1 1080 1488 t
10 S f
(<)1452 1488 w
10 R f
(bin number)1 461 1 1507 1488 t
10 S f
(><)1968 1488 w
10 R f
(section)2078 1488 w
10 S f
(><)2361 1488 w
10 R f
(drawer)2471 1488 w
10 S f
(>)2747 1488 w
10 R f
(\), the third column is the quantity and the remaining string is the)12 2598 1 2802 1488 t
( manufacturer at the end of the line in the form "[manufac\255)11 2420( latest entries include the)4 1017( The)1 211(chip description.)1 672 4 1080 1608 t
(turer]".)1080 1728 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1896 t
10 I f
(findparts)1080 2016 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\),)1450 2016 w
10 I f
(ics)1741 2016 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))1860 2016 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 2184 t
10 CW f
(/n/coma/usr/ucds/lib/stock)1080 2304 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2472 t
10 R f
(The quantity is seldom up to date.)6 1358 1 1080 2592 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 535)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( SWRAP)1 3805(SWRAP \( 10.1 \))3 610 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(swrap)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1343 1080 w
10 R f
(generate control information for semi\255automatic wiring machine)6 2573 1 1433 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(swrap)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1405 1368 w
10 I f
(options)1463 1368 w
10 R f
(] [)1 91 1 1783 1368 t
10 I f
(file)1899 1368 w
10 R f
(] ...)1 133 1 2052 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Swrap)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(controls a semi\255automatic wiring machine as directed by a)8 2329 1 1361 1656 t
10 CW f
(.wr)3715 1656 w
10 R f
(file generated by)2 670 1 3920 1656 t
10 I f
(wrap)4615 1656 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\).)4829 1656 w
(Options are:)1 491 1 1080 1824 t
10 CW f
(\255f)1080 1992 w
10 I f
(name)1208 1992 w
10 R f
(Use the file)2 460 1 1451 2112 t
10 I f
(name)1936 2112 w
10 R f
(instead of)1 391 1 2177 2112 t
10 CW f
(/dev/eia0)2593 2112 w
10 R f
(to control the machine.)3 921 1 3158 2112 t
10 CW f
(\255d)1080 2280 w
10 I f
(mn)1208 2280 w
10 R f
(The two\255character string)2 986 1 1451 2280 t
10 I f
(mn)2465 2280 w
10 R f
( wire routing.)2 549(sets the preferred direction for)4 1219 2 2615 2280 t
10 I f
(M)4437 2280 w
10 R f
(gives the first prefer\255)3 851 1 4549 2280 t
(ence and)1 351 1 1451 2400 t
10 I f
(n)1827 2400 w
10 R f
(the second, according to the following code:)6 1772 1 1902 2400 t
10 CW f
(0)1451 2568 w
10 R f
(route from left to right \(increasing X\).)6 1522 1 1811 2568 t
10 CW f
(1)1451 2736 w
10 R f
(route from bottom to top \(increasing Y\).)6 1612 1 1811 2736 t
10 CW f
(2)1451 2904 w
10 R f
(route from right to left \(decreasing X\).)6 1538 1 1811 2904 t
10 CW f
(3)1451 3072 w
10 R f
(route from top to bottom \(decreasing Y\).)6 1628 1 1811 3072 t
10 CW f
(\255l)1080 3240 w
10 R f
( the machine operator; it describes the wires in the sequence in)11 2547(Produce a listing as a reference for)6 1402 2 1451 3240 t
(which they are to be installed.)5 1198 1 1451 3360 t
10 CW f
(\255r)1080 3528 w
10 I f
(d)1208 3528 w
10 R f
(The digit)1 381 1 1451 3528 t
10 I f
(d)1874 3528 w
10 R f
( from the position implied by the Circuit)7 1746(specifies how the board must be rotated)6 1688 2 1966 3528 t
( is)1 92( rotation is the number of right\255angles by which it)9 1999( The)1 206(Design Language definition of the board.)5 1652 4 1451 3648 t
( over \(X and Y coordinates)5 1103(to be rotated anti\255clockwise, plus four if the board is first to be flipped)13 2846 2 1451 3768 t
( initial rotation is given in the board definition.)8 1875(interchanged\). The)1 778 2 1451 3888 t
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 4056 w
10 R f
(Set verbose mode.)2 735 1 1451 4056 t
( the desig\255)2 418(Unless a listing is requested, the on\255line Standard Logic wire\255wrap machine must be connected to)14 3902 2 1080 4224 t
( calibrate the machine by moving the pointer to)8 1964( operator will first be required to)6 1363( The)1 215(nated RS\255232 port.)2 778 4 1080 4344 t
( typed)1 257( The)1 215( the machine will point at successive pins which must be wired.)11 2641( Then)1 264(specified pin positions.)2 943 5 1080 4464 t
(commands to which the program responds are as follows.)8 2299 1 1080 4584 t
10 CW f
(udlr)1080 4752 w
10 R f
( number scale the dis\255)4 904( preceded by a)3 596( If)1 122(Move the pointer a small distance up, down, left or right.)10 2338 4 1440 4752 t
(tance moved accordingly.)2 1028 1 1440 4872 t
10 CW f
(s)1080 5040 w
10 I f
(n)1164 5040 w
10 R f
(Skip to wire number)3 819 1 1440 5040 t
10 I f
(n.)2284 5040 w
10 CW f
(c)1080 5208 w
10 R f
(Check the calibration by moving the pointer to the reference pin.)10 2587 1 1440 5208 t
9 CW f
(C)1080 5376 w
10 R f
(Check positions of all four corner pins of the board.)9 2069 1 1440 5376 t
10 CW f
(v)1080 5544 w
10 R f
(Change to and from verbose mode.)5 1403 1 1440 5544 t
10 CW f
(q)1080 5712 w
10 R f
(Quit after moving the pointer back to the reference pin.)9 2206 1 1440 5712 t
10 CW f
(?)1080 5880 w
10 R f
(Print details about the wire currently being installed.)7 2098 1 1440 5880 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 6048 t
10 CW f
(/dev/eia0)1080 6168 w
10 R f
(RS\255232 port)1 492 1 1740 6168 t
( 536)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( UROM)1 3850(UROM \( 10.1 \))3 565 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(urom)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1316 1080 w
10 R f
(read and write programmable devices through DATA I/O Unisite)8 2611 1 1406 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(urom)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1345 1368 w
10 I f
(option)1403 1368 w
10 R f
(] ...)1 133 1 1684 1368 t
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Urom)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(serves as an interface to the DATA I/O Unisite)8 2009 1 1355 1656 t
10 S f
(\324)3364 1656 w
10 R f
( the)1 165( are used to specify)4 838(programmer. Options)1 902 3 3495 1656 t
(device type, and whether the device is to be read or written.)11 2380 1 1080 1776 t
10 CW f
(\255w)1080 1944 w
10 R f
(Specifies that the device is to be written; default is read.)10 2238 1 1440 1944 t
10 CW f
(\255s)1080 2112 w
10 I f
(n)1208 2112 w
10 R f
(Specifies a starting address \(default 0\) in the device in decimal.)10 2531 1 1440 2112 t
10 CW f
(\255t)1080 2280 w
10 I f
(string)1208 2280 w
(string)1080 2400 w
10 R f
( possible conflicts are)3 892( it is an ambiguous name, all the)7 1343( If)1 123(Specifies the device type of the device.)6 1602 4 1440 2400 t
(listed.)1440 2520 w
10 CW f
(\255m)1080 2688 w
10 I f
(string)1208 2688 w
(string)1080 2808 w
10 R f
( specified)1 391(Specifies the manufacturer of the device; this must be)8 2186 2 1440 2808 t
10 I f
(before)4048 2808 w
10 R f
(the type \(\255t\) of the device.)5 1066 1 4334 2808 t
(Only needed if the name is ambiguous.)6 1562 1 1440 2928 t
10 CW f
(\255n)1080 3096 w
10 R f
( is sending to the DATA I/O, and causes the DATA I/O)11 2235(Causes the program to echo the code that it)8 1725 2 1440 3096 t
( reading or writing is done.)5 1082( No)1 172(the echo the size and initial state specified by the code.)10 2193 3 1440 3216 t
10 CW f
(\255b)1080 3384 w
10 R f
( an electrically alterable rom.)4 1194(Causes a blank check to be run, the illegal bit test is run unless it is)15 2766 2 1440 3384 t
(No blank check is done if the rom is being read.)10 1916 1 1440 3504 t
10 CW f
(\255X)1080 3672 w
(\255x)1080 3792 w
10 R f
(Specifies hexadecimal data with upper case or lower case respectively.)9 2825 1 1440 3792 t
10 CW f
(\255C)1080 3960 w
10 R f
(Specifies character data, for logic devices with JEDEC format.)8 2505 1 1440 3960 t
10 CW f
(\255D)1080 4128 w
(\255d)1080 4248 w
10 R f
(Specifies decimal data, octal is default.)5 1561 1 1440 4248 t
10 CW f
(\255O)1080 4416 w
(\255o)1080 4536 w
10 R f
(Specifies octal data, which is the default.)6 1636 1 1440 4536 t
10 CW f
(\255fn)1080 4704 w
10 R f
(Use format)1 446 1 1440 4704 t
10 I f
(n 50)1 175 1 1911 4704 t
10 R f
( is for JEDEC files.)4 780( 91)1 150(, the default, is for hex, octal, or decimal format files.)10 2132 3 2086 4704 t
10 CW f
(\255I)1080 4872 w
10 I f
(string)1208 4872 w
10 R f
(inhibits checking of following character string, e.g. `\255I C' inhibits continuity checking.)11 3460 1 1440 4992 t
10 CW f
(\255J)1080 5160 w
10 R f
(JEDEC format \(same as \255f91 \255C option\))6 1592 1 1440 5160 t
10 CW f
(\255i)1080 5328 w
10 R f
(Causes the data to be \(ones\) complemented on input and output.)10 2561 1 1440 5328 t
10 CW f
(\255v)1080 5496 w
10 R f
(Normally)1440 5496 w
10 I f
(urom)1848 5496 w
10 R f
(does it work silently, this is the verbose flag.)8 1788 1 2084 5496 t
(To read an Intel 2716 device one could say)8 1718 1 1080 5664 t
10 CW f
(urom \255m Intel \255t 2716 < filename)6 1920 1 1440 5832 t
10 R f
(or to write a National PAL16L8 one could say)8 1853 1 1080 6000 t
10 CW f
(urom \255w \255m National \255t 16L8/A/A2 < filename)7 2580 1 1440 6168 t
10 R f
(The input for logic devices on the Unisite must be in JEDEC format. In this case use)16 3377 1 1080 6336 t
10 CW f
(urom \255w \255m National \255t 16L8/A/A2 \255f 91 \255C < filename)10 3120 1 1440 6504 t
10 R f
(or)1080 6672 w
10 CW f
(urom \255w \255m National \255t 16L8/A/A2 \255J < filename)8 2760 1 1440 6840 t
10 R f
( a)1 75( When)1 294( read, the addressed locations are copied, one per line, onto the standard output.)13 3252(When a device is)3 699 4 1080 7008 t
( Vari\255)1 260( the same form, and is copied onto the device.)9 1833(device is written, the standard input is assumed to be of)10 2227 3 1080 7128 t
( that conflicts with the data \(illegal bit test\) when)9 2070(ous Unisite errors, such as the device having a pattern)9 2250 2 1080 7248 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 537)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( UROM)1 3850(UROM \( 10.1 \))3 565 3 720 480 t
( checksummed, and)2 808( over the RS\255232 line are)5 1051( Transmissions)1 638(being written, are reflected back to the user.)7 1823 4 1080 960 t
(when writing the device is verified.)5 1414 1 1080 1080 t
(The speed of the Unisite should be set to 9600, position 14.)11 2374 1 1080 1248 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 1416 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/cda/urom.codes)1080 1536 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 1704 t
10 I f
(xpal)1080 1824 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))1260 1824 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 1992 t
10 R f
(Case shouldn't be important for type or manufacturers.)7 2196 1 1080 2112 t
( 538)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( XILINX)1 3807(XILINX \( 10.1 \))3 608 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(xil, xnfpins, xnffrom, xnfto)3 1094 1 1080 1080 t
10 S1 f
(\261)2199 1080 w
10 R f
(xilinx tools)1 454 1 2289 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/xil)1080 1368 w
10 R f
([)1525 1368 w
10 CW f
(\255x)1583 1368 w
10 R f
(])1728 1368 w
10 I f
(name)1786 1368 w
10 CW f
(.m >)1 205 1 2010 1368 t
10 I f
(new)2240 1368 w
10 CW f
(.xnf)2409 1368 w
(cda/xnfpins)1080 1488 w
10 I f
(name part)1 408 1 1765 1488 t
10 R f
([)2198 1488 w
10 I f
(pin...)2256 1488 w
10 R f
(])2484 1488 w
10 CW f
(>)2542 1488 w
10 I f
(new)2627 1488 w
10 CW f
(.pins)2796 1488 w
(cda/xnffrom)1080 1608 w
10 I f
(part old)1 320 1 1765 1608 t
10 CW f
(.pins)2093 1608 w
10 I f
(new)2418 1608 w
10 CW f
(.xnf >)1 325 1 2587 1608 t
10 I f
(new)2937 1608 w
10 CW f
(.pins)3106 1608 w
(cda/xnfto)1080 1728 w
10 I f
(part name)1 408 1 1645 1728 t
10 CW f
(.pins)2061 1728 w
10 I f
(name)2386 1728 w
10 CW f
(.xnf >)1 325 1 2610 1728 t
10 I f
(name)2960 1728 w
10 CW f
(.cst)3184 1728 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1896 t
10 I f
(Xil)1080 2016 w
10 R f
(factors and translates input in)4 1192 1 1226 2016 t
10 I f
(minterm)2447 2016 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\) format to Xilinx Netlist Format suitable for processing by)9 2612 1 2788 2016 t
(the proprietary Xilinx program)3 1234 1 1080 2136 t
10 I f
(ppr)2339 2136 w
10 R f
(\(partition, place & route\) and subsequent programs.)6 2063 1 2503 2136 t
( generated by the Xilinx)4 977(Xilinx hard macros and RAM/ROM symbols)5 1818 2 1080 2304 t
10 I f
(memgen)3903 2304 w
10 R f
(program can be used via the)5 1137 1 4263 2304 t
10 I f
(lde)1080 2424 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))1210 2424 w
10 CW f
(.m)1476 2424 w
10 R f
(facility.)1621 2424 w
10 I f
(Xnfpins)1080 2592 w
10 R f
(,)1394 2592 w
10 I f
(xnfto)1446 2592 w
10 R f
(, and)1 196 1 1654 2592 t
10 I f
(xnffrom)1877 2592 w
10 R f
(create and maintain CDA pins and Xilinx constraint files.)8 2316 1 2215 2592 t
10 I f
(Xnfpins)4584 2592 w
10 R f
(produces an)1 482 1 4918 2592 t
(initial)1080 2712 w
10 CW f
(.pins)1351 2712 w
10 R f
(file given the Xilinx part number \(e.g.)6 1592 1 1688 2712 t
10 CW f
(4005pg156)3342 2712 w
10 R f
( pin)1 164(\) and a list of statically assigned)6 1354 2 3882 2712 t
( retain this initial information in)5 1311( programs)1 407( Subsequent)1 516(names, typically those used for initializing the part.)7 2086 4 1080 2832 t
(the face of changes in automatically assigned pins.)7 2024 1 1080 2952 t
10 I f
(Xnffrom)1080 3120 w
10 R f
(takes)1435 3120 w
10 CW f
(EXT)1667 3120 w
10 R f
(lines in an)2 415 1 1874 3120 t
10 CW f
(.xnf)2316 3120 w
10 R f
(file produced by)2 658 1 2583 3120 t
10 I f
(lca2xnf)3268 3120 w
10 R f
( to update the corre\255)4 815(\(10.1\) as back annotation)3 1015 2 3570 3120 t
(sponding CDA)1 603 1 1080 3240 t
10 CW f
(.pins)1708 3240 w
10 R f
(file and subsequently constrain)3 1240 1 2033 3240 t
10 I f
(ppr)3298 3240 w
10 R f
('s choice of pins.)3 682 1 3445 3240 t
10 I f
(Xnfto)1080 3408 w
10 R f
(takes)1325 3408 w
10 CW f
(.tp)1558 3408 w
10 R f
(lines following)1 606 1 1766 3408 t
10 CW f
(#float)2400 3408 w
10 R f
(in the)1 228 1 2788 3408 t
10 CW f
(.pins)3044 3408 w
10 R f
(file that appear in the)4 864 1 3373 3408 t
10 CW f
(.xnf)4266 3408 w
10 R f
(file and fixes them in)4 865 1 4535 3408 t
(the)1080 3528 w
10 CW f
(.cst)1237 3528 w
10 R f
(\(constraints\) file used by)3 1020 1 1512 3528 t
10 I f
(ppr. Xnfto)1 416 1 2567 3528 t
10 R f
( pinouts generated by)3 884(should be used only to maintain)5 1325 2 3018 3528 t
10 I f
(ppr)5261 3528 w
10 R f
(and)1080 3648 w
10 I f
(xnffrom)1249 3648 w
10 R f
(and)1585 3648 w
10 I f
(only)1754 3648 w
10 R f
(after said pinouts have been set in physical design concrete.)9 2384 1 1951 3648 t
( forth between Plan 9 and a)6 1152(The files used and generated by these programs have to be shipped back and)13 3168 2 1080 3816 t
( Use)1 205(suitably licensed Xilinx platform.)3 1344 2 1080 3936 t
10 I f
(mk)2654 3936 w
10 R f
(\(1\) to control this.)3 722 1 2778 3936 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 4104 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/cda/40)1080 4224 w
10 I f
(nn)1988 4224 w
10 CW f
(.pin)2096 4224 w
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 4392 t
10 I f
(lde)1080 4512 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))1210 4512 w
10 I f
(ppr)1080 4632 w
10 R f
(\(Xilinx\))1227 4632 w
10 I f
(memgen)1080 4752 w
10 R f
(\(Xilinx\))1420 4752 w
10 I f
(lca2xnf)1080 4872 w
10 R f
(\(Xilinx\))1382 4872 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5040 t
10 R f
(It may be complicated, but Actel is worse.)7 1689 1 1080 5160 t
10 I f
(Ppr)1080 5280 w
10 R f
(gets very confused if it sees a constraint against using a pin it wasn't going to use anyway.)17 3612 1 1255 5280 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 539)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( XNF)1 3950(XNF \( 10.1 \))3 465 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(xnf)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1238 1080 w
10 R f
(minterm to xilinx XNF translation)4 1373 1 1328 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/xnf)1080 1368 w
10 I f
(file)1525 1368 w
10 R f
(.m)1653 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Xnf)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(translates input in)2 721 1 1249 1656 t
10 I f
(minterm)2000 1656 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\) format to Xilinx Netlist Format suitable for processing by the Xilinx)11 3059 1 2341 1656 t
( translation is very naive and not guaranteed to be acceptable)10 2483( This)1 234(minimization, placing routing software.)3 1603 3 1080 1776 t
(by the Xilinx)2 528 1 1080 1896 t
10 I f
(ppr)1633 1896 w
10 R f
( any case, the Xilinx)4 818( In)1 133(program for X4000 parts.)3 1020 3 1797 1896 t
10 I f
(xnfopt)3793 1896 w
10 R f
(program should be run first.)4 1118 1 4068 1896 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 2064 t
10 I f
(lde)1080 2184 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))1210 2184 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 2352 t
10 R f
(Use)1080 2472 w
10 I f
(xil)1260 2472 w
10 R f
(and the 4000 series parts instead.)5 1320 1 1385 2472 t
( 540)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( XPAL)1 3889(XPAL \( 10.1 \))3 526 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(xpal)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1277 1080 w
10 R f
(data preparation program for PAL's and PLA's)6 1890 1 1367 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/xpal [)1 565 1 1080 1368 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1645 1368 w
10 I f
(option)1718 1368 w
10 CW f
(] [)1 145 1 1982 1368 t
10 I f
(type)2135 1368 w
10 CW f
([)2309 1368 w
10 I f
(filename)2377 1368 w
10 CW f
(]])2729 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Xpal)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(reads data from the standard input or)6 1469 1 1294 1656 t
10 I f
(filename)2789 1656 w
10 R f
(in the form of)3 555 1 3159 1656 t
10 I f
(minterm)3740 1656 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\) and writes on the standard)5 1319 1 4081 1656 t
(output in a form suitable for any of the pal/prom burners.)10 2283 1 1080 1776 t
(The options are:)2 649 1 1080 1944 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 2112 w
10 CW f
(m manufacturer)1 840 1 1145 2112 t
10 R f
(Specifies a manufacturer that will be output as a comment)9 2321 1 1440 2232 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 2400 w
10 CW f
(t type)1 360 1 1145 2400 t
10 R f
(Specifies a PAL type if not given by a .x line)10 1801 1 1440 2520 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 2688 w
10 CW f
(l library)1 540 1 1145 2688 t
10 R f
( to /usr/ucds/lib/library.paddle.)2 1233( Defaults)1 388(Tells xpal where to look for library definitions.)7 1881 3 1440 2808 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 2976 w
10 CW f
(v)1145 2976 w
10 R f
(Produce slightly verbose output \(not harmful\))5 1829 1 1440 2976 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 3144 w
10 CW f
(d)1145 3144 w
10 R f
(Produce debugging output)2 1055 1 1440 3144 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 3312 w
10 CW f
(i)1145 3312 w
10 R f
(echoes the input)2 649 1 1440 3312 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 3480 w
10 CW f
(z)1145 3480 w
10 R f
(produces a zero checksum for SPRINT programmers)6 2117 1 1440 3480 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 3648 w
10 CW f
(p)1145 3648 w
10 R f
(demands parsing; used in conjunction with \255t, this can be used to debug new pal definitions.)15 3672 1 1440 3648 t
( advan\255)1 298( principal)1 381( Xpal's)1 317(The output is JEDEC suitable for any number of JEDEC compatible programmers.)11 3324 4 1080 3816 t
( The)1 206(tage over pal is that the tables are now read in.)10 1864 2 1080 3936 t
10 I f
(type)3176 3936 w
10 R f
( the command line or as given by the .x line)10 1751(flag on)1 281 2 3368 3936 t
(in the lde file is used to address the correct tables.)10 1988 1 1080 4056 t
( a term that corresponds to the output enable of a pin is 100 + pin)15 2681(The numeric symbol of)3 947 2 1080 4224 t
10 S f
(_)4708 4224 w
10 R f
(number by con\255)2 642 1 4758 4224 t
( pin)1 175( to be strange, the convention for the 22V10 is: 200 +)11 2390(vention. Just)1 554 3 1080 4344 t
10 S f
(_)4199 4344 w
10 R f
(number for polarity, 300 +)4 1151 1 4249 4344 t
(pin)1080 4464 w
10 S f
(_)1208 4464 w
10 R f
( synchronous preset)2 837(number for architecture fuses and pins 25 and 26 are asynchronous reset and)12 3305 2 1258 4464 t
( programmable device has its own mapping as defined by the pal definition.)12 3032(respectively. Each)1 756 2 1080 4584 t
( Since)1 275( in their name use an additional convention.)7 1769(The pals with X)3 647 3 1080 4752 t
10 I f
(quine)3799 4752 w
10 R f
(can only handle and\255or logic, and)5 1351 1 4049 4752 t
( of an xor gate, those two terms are)8 1421(the X pals have two different sets of and\255or logic driving the two inputs)13 2899 2 1080 4872 t
(number 20 + output pin number and 70 + ditto.)9 1884 1 1080 4992 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 5160 t
10 I f
(minterm)1080 5280 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\),)1421 5280 w
10 I f
(paddle)1712 5280 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\))1992 5280 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 5448 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/ucds/library.paddle)1080 5568 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 5736 t
10 R f
(The pin naming convention is peculiar at best.)7 1848 1 1080 5856 t
( 20, 1993)2 375( January)1 1839( 9)1 75( Plan)1 2022(Page 541)1 369 5 720 7680 t
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10 R f
( \( 10.1 \))3 265( XPART)1 3822(XPART \( 10.1 \))3 593 3 720 480 t
9 R f
( E)1 2( ME)1 57(N NA AM)2 214 3 720 960 t
10 R f
(xpart)1080 1080 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1310 1080 w
10 R f
(partitioner \(fitter\) for PALs, PLAs and MACH parts)7 2086 1 1400 1080 t
9 R f
( S)1 2( IS)1 52( PS SI)2 84( YN NO OP)3 186(S SY)1 117 5 720 1248 t
10 CW f
(cda/xpart [)1 625 1 1080 1368 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1705 1368 w
10 I f
(option)1778 1368 w
10 CW f
(] [)1 145 1 2042 1368 t
10 I f
(type)2195 1368 w
10 CW f
([)2369 1368 w
10 I f
(filename)2437 1368 w
10 CW f
(]])2789 1368 w
9 R f
( ON N)2 69( IO)1 67( TI)1 32( PT)1 57( IP)1 52( CR RI)2 94( SC)1 62( ES)1 52(D DE)1 122 9 720 1536 t
10 I f
(Xpart)1080 1656 w
10 R f
(reads data from a stem)4 915 1 1336 1656 t
10 I f
(filename)2279 1656 w
10 R f
( of)1 112(in the form)2 450 2 2651 1656 t
10 I f
(minterms)3242 1656 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\) directly from)2 798 1 3622 1656 t
10 I f
(lde)4449 1656 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\) and partitions)2 821 1 4579 1656 t
(the equations amongst a number of devices of the same flavor.)10 2498 1 1080 1776 t
(The options are:)2 649 1 1080 1944 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 2112 w
10 CW f
(N iterations)1 720 1 1145 2112 t
10 R f
(Specifies the maximum number of iterations before failing)7 2344 1 1440 2232 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 2400 w
10 CW f
(p)1145 2400 w
10 R f
(Use the existing pin files \(.p\) as the pin assignments)9 2082 1 1440 2400 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 2568 w
10 CW f
(l library)1 540 1 1145 2568 t
10 R f
( to /sys/lib/cda/library.paddle.)2 1194( Defaults)1 388(Tells where to look for library definitions.)6 1684 3 1440 2688 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 2856 w
10 CW f
(v)1145 2856 w
10 R f
(Produce slightly verbose output \(not harmful\))5 1829 1 1440 2856 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 3024 w
10 CW f
(g)1145 3024 w
10 S1 f
(\261)1265 3024 w
10 CW f
(D)1330 3024 w
10 R f
(Produce debugging output)2 1055 1 1440 3024 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 3192 w
10 CW f
(i)1145 3192 w
10 R f
(echos the input)2 605 1 1440 3192 t
10 S1 f
(\261)1080 3360 w
10 CW f
(P package)1 540 1 1145 3360 t
10 R f
(specifies the package)2 847 1 1440 3480 t
9 R f
( O)1 2( SO)1 67( LS)1 52( AL)1 57( A)1 105( EE E)2 59(S SE)1 107 7 720 3648 t
10 I f
(xpal)1080 3768 w
10 R f
(\(10.1\))1260 3768 w
10 I f
(minterm)1526 3768 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\),)1867 3768 w
10 I f
(paddle)2158 3768 w
10 R f
(\(10.6\))2438 3768 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( LE ES)2 109( IL)1 57(F FI)1 82 4 720 3936 t
10 CW f
(/sys/lib/cda/library.paddle)1080 4056 w
9 R f
( S)1 2( UG GS)2 119(B BU)1 127 3 720 4224 t
10 R f
(The pin naming convention is peculiar at best.)7 1848 1 1080 4344 t
( 542)1 175( Page)1 2039( 9)1 75( Plan)1 1706(January 20, 1993)2 685 5 720 7680 t
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