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1 pagesetup
12 B f
(The Various Ports)2 940 1 2410 1220 t
10 I f
(Rob Pike)1 363 1 2698 1480 t
10 R f
( system)1 312( The)1 213(This document collects comments about the various architectures supported by Plan 9.)11 3545 3 970 2056 t
( the differences between machines, so the machines as seen by a Plan 9 user look differ\255)16 3516(tries to hide most of)4 804 2 720 2176 t
( because we are a small group, we couldn't)8 1744( Also,)1 267( native software.)2 668(ent from how they are perceived through)6 1641 4 720 2296 t
( document records)2 739( This)1 229(do everything: exploit every optimization, support every model, drive every device.)10 3352 3 720 2416 t
(what we)1 358 1 720 2536 t
10 I f
(have)1126 2536 w
10 R f
( discusses the compiler)3 996( first section)2 540(done. The)1 447 3 1362 2536 t
10 S1 f
(\320)3345 2536 w
10 R f
(actually the compiler/assembler/loader)2 1595 1 3445 2536 t
(suite)720 2656 w
10 S1 f
(\320)909 2656 w
10 R f
( of the vari\255)3 474( second talks about the operating system as implemented on each)10 2632( The)1 208(for each machine.)2 717 4 1009 2656 t
(ous machines.)1 566 1 720 2776 t
10 B f
(The Motorola MC68020 compiler)3 1434 1 720 3016 t
10 R f
( to its competitors)3 726( Relative)1 385(This is actually the oldest compiler of the bunch.)8 1967 3 970 3172 t
10 S1 f
(\320)4048 3172 w
10 R f
(commercial compilers)1 892 1 4148 3172 t
( machine)1 368(for the same)2 505 2 720 3292 t
10 S1 f
(\320)1593 3292 w
10 R f
( assumes at least a 68020 architecture: some of the)9 2066( It)1 116(it generates quite good code.)4 1165 3 1693 3292 t
(addressing modes it generates are not on the 68000 or 68010.)10 2449 1 720 3412 t
( for a few instructions and registers available only)8 2060( Except)1 335( use this compiler for the 68040.)6 1344(We also)1 331 4 970 3568 t
( Our)1 209(from assembly language, the only user\255visible difference between these machines is in floating point.)13 4111 2 720 3688 t
( programs we)2 571(68020s all have 68881 or 68882 floating point units attached, so to execute floating point)14 3749 2 720 3808 t
( the 68040 is not quite so thorough in its imple\255)10 1901( Unfortunately,)1 635( there being appropriate hardware.)4 1370(depend on)1 414 4 720 3928 t
( standard or in its provision of built\255in instructions for the transcendental func\255)12 3225(mentation of the IEEE 754)4 1095 2 720 4048 t
( have a library,)3 610( latter was easy to get around: we don't use them on the 68020 either, but we do)17 3280(tions. The)1 430 3 720 4168 t
10 CW f
(\255l68881)720 4288 w
10 R f
(, that you can use if you need the performance \(which can be substantial:)13 3001 1 1140 4288 t
10 CW f
(astro)4173 4288 w
10 R f
(runs twice as)2 535 1 4505 4288 t
( same binaries on both machines and)6 1488( don't use this library by default because we want to run the)12 2438(fast\). We)1 394 3 720 4408 t
(don't want to emulate)3 874 1 720 4528 t
10 CW f
(FCOSH)1619 4528 w
10 R f
(in the operating system.)3 955 1 1944 4528 t
( didn't really want to deal with gradual underflow and all that,)11 2507( We)1 190( IEEE is nastier.)3 655(The problem with)2 718 4 970 4684 t
( need to do it on, so on the 68040 we implement non\255)12 2195(especially since we had half a dozen machines we'd)8 2125 2 720 4804 t
( not\255a\255numbers.)1 641(trapping underflow as truncation to zero and do nothing about denormalized numbers and)12 3679 2 720 4924 t
( floating\255point experts side with us)5 1411( Our)1 210(This means the 68020 and the 68040 are not precisely compatible.)10 2699 3 720 5044 t
(on this one, so don't try to talk us out of it.)11 1709 1 720 5164 t
10 B f
(The MIPS compiler)2 844 1 720 5404 t
10 R f
(This compiler generates code for the R2000 and R3000 machines configured to be big\255endians.)13 4070 1 970 5560 t
( generates good)2 638( its speed, the Plan 9 compiler)6 1244( Considering)1 546(There is no support for little\255endian machines.)6 1892 4 720 5680 t
(code, but the commercial MIPS compiler with all the stops pulled out consistently beats it by 20% or so,)18 4320 1 720 5800 t
( compiling any\255)2 635( ours compiles about 10 times faster and we spend most of our time)13 2726( Since)1 274(sometimes more.)1 685 4 720 5920 t
(way, we decided the tradeoff was fine.)6 1539 1 720 6040 t
( is solid: we've used it for several big projects and, of course, all our applications run)16 3528(The compiler)1 542 2 970 6196 t
( behavior of floating\255point programs is much like on the 68040: the operating system emulates)14 3780( The)1 206(under it.)1 334 3 720 6316 t
( underflow or)2 545(where necessary to get past non\255trapping underflow and overflow, but does not handle gradual)13 3775 2 720 6436 t
( of assembler)2 532( themselves are rumored to have 50,000 lines)7 1815( \(MIPS)1 318(denormalized numbers or not\255a\255numbers.)3 1655 4 720 6556 t
( for them.\))2 424( Good)1 272(to reconstruct the state of the machine and provide this support.)10 2538 3 720 6676 t
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10 R f
(\255 2 \255)2 166 1 2797 480 t
10 B f
(The SPARC compiler)2 927 1 720 840 t
10 R f
( better than GCC with all the)6 1197( have seen it do much)5 898( We)1 194(The SPARC compiler is also solid and fast.)7 1781 4 970 996 t
(optimizations, but on average it's probably about the same.)8 2364 1 720 1116 t
( no SPARC machines with multiply or divide instructions, so the compiler does not by)14 3703(We have)1 367 2 970 1272 t
( loader flag,)2 487( A)1 126( it calls internal subroutines.)4 1146( Instead)1 342(default produce them.)2 881 5 720 1392 t
10 CW f
(\255M)3731 1392 w
10 R f
( to be)2 228(, causes the instructions)3 961 2 3851 1392 t
( necessary, and it works if we read the book)9 1769( operating system has trap code to emulate them if)9 2020(emitted. The)1 531 3 720 1512 t
(right \(again, we have no hardware with which to be sure\).)10 2305 1 720 1632 t
(The floating point story is exactly the same as on the MIPS.)11 2393 1 970 1788 t
10 B f
(The Intel i386 compiler)3 997 1 720 2028 t
10 R f
( the machine is in 32\255bit protected)6 1389( works only if)3 567( It)1 114(This is really a 386 compiler, not a 286 compiler.)9 2000 4 970 2184 t
( intended only for us to get our software run\255)9 1821( ignores a lot of the stuff in the instruction set, being)11 2137(mode. It)1 362 3 720 2304 t
( code,)1 246( that caveat, it's fairly solid and generates tolerable)8 2093( Given)1 301(ning on the particular 386 PC's we have.)7 1680 4 720 2424 t
(although on both counts its probably weaker than the compilers mentioned above.)11 3274 1 720 2544 t
( you do,)2 331( If)1 119( have a 387 to execute the instructions.)7 1574(Floating point is well\255behaved, but we assume you)7 2046 4 970 2700 t
( tran\255)1 219( default, we don't use the 387 built\255ins for)8 1740( By)1 174(it does the full IEEE 754 job, just like the MC68881.)10 2187 4 720 2820 t
(scendentals; use)1 646 1 720 2940 t
10 CW f
(\255l387)1391 2940 w
10 R f
(if you want to.)3 583 1 1716 2940 t
10 B f
(The Intel i960 compiler)3 997 1 720 3180 t
10 R f
( been)1 220( only)1 209( It's)1 189(This compiler was built as a weekend hack to let us get the Cyclone boards running.)15 3452 4 970 3336 t
(used to run one program)4 1012 1 720 3456 t
10 S1 f
(\320)1732 3456 w
10 R f
(the on\255board code in the Cyclone)5 1373 1 1832 3456 t
10 S1 f
(\320)3205 3456 w
10 R f
( There)1 290( likely to be buggy.)4 807(and is therefore)2 638 3 3305 3456 t
( of obvious optimizations to the code that have never been attempted: we got the Cyclones)15 3780(are a number)2 540 2 720 3576 t
(working and moved on.)3 949 1 720 3696 t
10 B f
(The AT&T Hobbit compiler)3 1209 1 720 3936 t
10 R f
( Hobbit, but we're including the compiler because the chip may grow to)12 2972(You probably don't have a)4 1098 2 970 4092 t
( wider audience, because we wanted to include the version of Plan 9 that runs on this machine, and)18 4056(have a)1 264 2 720 4212 t
( the compilers we've really used \(that is, except for the i960\), this one generates the)15 3535( Of)1 168(for boosterism.)1 617 3 720 4332 t
( glar\255)1 223( Most)1 266( just haven't taken the time.)5 1160( are many improvements to be made but we)8 1835( There)1 293(poorest code.)1 543 6 720 4452 t
(ingly, the Hobbit compiler does not support bitfields.)7 2125 1 720 4572 t
( a configuration\255time bit to be run either big\255endian or little\255endian; the)11 2959(Like the MIPS, Hobbit has)4 1111 2 970 4728 t
(compiler produces code for the little\255endian case only.)7 2173 1 720 4848 t
( point code, but the)4 813(The architecture has floating point defined, and the compiler generates floating)10 3257 2 970 5004 t
( operating system has emulation code that does IEEE 754 without gradual)11 2966( The)1 206(silicon doesn't implement it.)3 1148 3 720 5124 t
(underflow, etc. etc.)2 767 1 720 5244 t
10 B f
(The Gnot operating system)3 1158 1 720 5484 t
10 R f
( and design to a SUN\2553, with a two\255bit\255per\255pixel)8 1947(The Gnot is a locally\255built machine, similar in power)8 2123 2 970 5640 t
( Gnot)1 234( The)1 214( it uses an AT&T internal twisted\255pair network called Incon.)9 2499( Instead,)1 372(display and no Ethernet.)3 1001 5 720 5760 t
( an external port on the back lets simple I/O boards talk directly to the CPU's memory)16 3542(has no I/O bus, but)4 778 2 720 5880 t
( Gnots have no exter\255)4 875( Most)1 260( printers, etc.)2 529( used this for a handful of applications: local cache disk,)10 2299(bus. We)1 357 5 720 6000 t
(nal peripherals.)1 615 1 720 6120 t
( not a port,)3 451(If you have SUN\2553's lying around, you might consider taking the Gnot port \(actually it's)14 3619 2 970 6276 t
( need to learn about the)5 959( You'll)1 316( on those machines.)3 803(it's the original\) as the basis for getting Plan 9 running)10 2242 4 720 6396 t
( If)1 120( system and the Sparcstation system will get you quite far.)10 2369(SUN\2553 MMU, but a combination of the Gnot)7 1831 3 720 6516 t
( the work for you, Sydney University got an older version of Plan 9 running on)15 3158(you want someone else to do)5 1162 2 720 6636 t
( Mail)1 239(SUN\2553s and have volunteered to be contacted on the subject.)9 2434 2 720 6756 t
(A/Prof. R Kummerfeld)2 924 1 970 6912 t
(Computer Science)1 735 1 970 7032 t
(Madsen Bldg F09)2 717 1 970 7152 t
(Sydney University)1 747 1 970 7272 t
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10 R f
(\255 3 \255)2 166 1 2797 480 t
(Sydney NSW 2006)2 772 1 970 840 t
(Australia)970 960 w
(for more information.)2 868 1 970 1116 t
10 B f
(The NeXTstation operating system)3 1485 1 720 1356 t
10 R f
( is actually one of)4 718( This)1 230( machine.)1 390(Plan 9 runs on the 68040\255based NeXTstation and on no other NeXT)11 2732 4 970 1512 t
( one strange part is that we need a)8 1424( The)1 214( two\255bit\255per\255pixel display is a delight.)5 1555(our favorite ports: the crisp)4 1127 4 720 1632 t
( mouse on)2 437(three\255button mouse, so we unplug the NeXT mouse and use a 9600\255baud serial\255port Logitech)13 3883 2 720 1752 t
(serial port B.)2 519 1 720 1872 t
( NeXT's)1 363(To get the system running, you need to install)8 1958 2 970 2028 t
10 CW f
(boot)3333 2028 w
10 R f
(program as in the TFTP directory)5 1425 1 3615 2028 t
(\(called)720 2148 w
10 CW f
(/lib/tftpd)1034 2148 w
10 R f
(on Plan 9, if you're booting from there\) and)8 1894 1 1677 2148 t
10 CW f
(/68020/9nextstation)3614 2148 w
10 R f
(where)4797 2148 w
( \(we of course put it in)6 910(BOOTP can find it)3 758 2 720 2268 t
10 CW f
(/68020/9nextstation)2414 2268 w
10 R f
( that file from the network by)6 1182(\). Boot)1 304 2 3554 2268 t
(typing \(say\))1 491 1 720 2388 t
10 CW f
(ben /68020/9nextstation)1 1391 1 1247 2388 t
10 R f
( will load the)3 558( This)1 239(to the boot ROM.)3 739 3 2674 2388 t
10 CW f
(boot)4246 2388 w
10 R f
(program and)1 518 1 4522 2388 t
( set this up to happen automatically; see the NeXT man\255)10 2267( can)1 164( You)1 223(use that to load the real operating system.)7 1666 4 720 2508 t
(uals for details.)2 613 1 720 2628 t
( run on)2 297(If you have the old 68030\255based cubes on remainder, this system could probably be made to)15 3773 2 970 2784 t
( most manufacturers, NeXT kept the architecture pretty similar between)9 2889( Like)1 235( much work.)2 506(them without too)2 690 4 720 2904 t
( 68030 has a very different MMU, though, so the job won't be trivial.)13 2780(models. The)1 519 2 720 3024 t
10 B f
(The MIPS Magnum operating system)4 1605 1 720 3264 t
10 R f
( the NeXTstation, the zippy)4 1147(This is another favorite: although the tube is nothing like as nice as on)13 2923 2 970 3420 t
(MIPS Magnum is all\255round a very comfortable place to run Plan 9.)11 2680 1 720 3540 t
( to access with BOOTP is)5 1075(The file you need)3 725 2 970 3696 t
10 CW f
(/mips/9magnum)2804 3696 w
10 R f
( the)1 156(. Set)1 212 2 3584 3696 t
10 CW f
(console)3986 3696 w
10 R f
(ROM environ\255)1 600 1 4440 3696 t
(ment variable to)2 651 1 720 3816 t
10 CW f
(m)1397 3816 w
10 R f
(and)1483 3816 w
10 CW f
(bootmode)1653 3816 w
10 R f
(to)2158 3816 w
10 CW f
(e)2261 3816 w
10 R f
( type)1 197(. Then)1 280 2 2321 3816 t
10 CW f
(bootp\(\)/mips/9magnum)2823 3816 w
10 R f
(\(or whatever\) to the boot)4 992 1 4048 3816 t
( a CPU server rather than a terminal, set)8 1751( you want to run the machine as)7 1399( If)1 134(ROM to run the system.)4 1036 4 720 3936 t
10 CW f
(console)720 4056 w
10 R f
(to)1174 4056 w
10 CW f
(1)1286 4056 w
10 R f
(instead and boot)2 673 1 1380 4056 t
10 CW f
(/mips/9magnumcpu)2087 4056 w
10 R f
( also have a disk\255resident boot program for)7 1772(. We)1 221 2 3047 4056 t
(this machine; see)2 688 1 720 4176 t
10 CW f
(booting)1433 4176 w
10 R f
(\(8\) for information.)2 779 1 1853 4176 t
( use 1\255bit frame buffers)4 972( We)1 197( 3000's and the system will run on only that model.)10 2148(We have Magnum)2 753 4 970 4332 t
(and 8\255bit color frame buffers; both run fine from the same binary.)11 2622 1 720 4452 t
10 B f
(The SGI Power Series operating system)5 1690 1 720 4692 t
10 R f
( use them as workstations, so)5 1241( don't)1 250( We)1 202(We use SGI Power Series machines as our CPU servers.)9 2377 4 970 4848 t
( machines we)2 543( The)1 206(you'll find no code in our system to support SGI frame buffers or the Geometry Engines.)15 3571 3 720 4968 t
( with IO2 boards, the code should work on)8 1730( you have older machines)4 1028( If)1 118(have are 4D series with IO3 boards.)6 1444 4 720 5088 t
(them, too.)1 403 1 720 5208 t
(You can get started by booting)5 1439 1 970 5364 t
10 CW f
(/mips/9power)2476 5364 w
10 R f
( you'll want to install the program)6 1624(, but)1 220 2 3196 5364 t
10 CW f
(/mips/9powerboot)720 5484 w
10 R f
(as)1709 5484 w
10 CW f
(b)1821 5484 w
10 R f
( the manual page)3 691( See)1 198(on your boot disk to run the system for real.)9 1790 3 1910 5484 t
10 I f
(booting)4618 5484 w
10 R f
(\(8\))4924 5484 w
(for more information.)2 868 1 720 5604 t
10 B f
(The Sparcstation operating system)3 1480 1 720 5844 t
10 R f
( does some)2 468( It)1 123( Sparcstation\2552; the same binary works on both.)7 1993(We have SUN SLC's and a straight)6 1486 4 970 6000 t
( is no external)3 578( does, however, make a couple of assumptions: that there)9 2336( It)1 117(auto\255configuration at boot time.)3 1289 4 720 6120 t
( the lowest\255numbered)2 869( frame buffer it uses is the one in)8 1322( The)1 206(memory and that there is only one frame buffer.)8 1923 4 720 6240 t
( these assumptions is deep\255)4 1100( of)1 112( Neither)1 353(SBUS slot; this is also how the ROM selects the main frame buffer.)12 2755 4 720 6360 t
( helpful\) so we)3 623(rooted, but we have very scanty documentation for the machines \(SUN was not especially)13 3697 2 720 6480 t
(didn't want to try anything risky.)5 1322 1 720 6600 t
(We believe the binary should work on the following machines: Sparcstation 1 \(4/60\), IPC \(4/40\), 1+)15 4070 1 970 6756 t
( \(4/25\), and IPX \(4/50\), but, as noted, we've only tried two)11 2410(\(4/65\), SLC \(4/20\), Sparcstation 2 \(4/75\), ELC)6 1910 2 720 6876 t
( know work are the)4 802( only frame buffers we)4 936( The)1 212(of these.)1 345 4 720 6996 t
10 CW f
(bwtwo)3048 6996 w
10 R f
(and)3381 6996 w
10 CW f
(cgsix)3558 6996 w
10 R f
(, but we think the)4 729 1 3858 6996 t
10 CW f
(cgthree)4620 6996 w
10 R f
(will work since it is supposed to be the same as the)11 2073 1 720 7116 t
10 CW f
(cgsix)2821 7116 w
10 R f
( we don't)2 381(without acceleration hardware, which)3 1510 2 3149 7116 t
( the frame buffer, you must)5 1132( peculiarity is that, to use)5 1040( Another)1 384(support anyway \(again, no documentation\).)4 1764 4 720 7236 t
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10 R f
(\255 4 \255)2 166 1 2797 480 t
( ROM's environment variable)3 1240(set up the)2 411 2 720 840 t
10 CW f
(output\255device)2409 840 w
10 R f
(to be)1 210 1 3227 840 t
10 CW f
(screen)3475 840 w
10 R f
(so the ROM will enable the)5 1167 1 3873 840 t
(video controller; we don't know how.)5 1509 1 720 960 t
( they use RARP to translate their Ethernet)7 1770( Instead)1 351( to download.)2 573(SUN's ROMS don't use BOOTP)4 1376 4 970 1116 t
( once loaded, does use BOOTP to discover its IP)9 2011( the Plan 9 kernel,)4 756( However,)1 448(address to their IP address.)4 1105 4 720 1236 t
( If)1 117( from the network.)3 746( you're booting from disk, this isn't as much a problem as if you're booting)14 3017(address. If)1 440 4 720 1356 t
(the latter, you need to install)5 1208 1 720 1476 t
10 CW f
(/sparc/9ss)1966 1476 w
10 R f
( If)1 129(as the boot file for the system where TFTP can find it.)11 2307 2 2604 1476 t
(you're booting from a Plan 9 system, just make that the value of the)13 2779 1 720 1596 t
10 CW f
(bootf)3529 1596 w
10 R f
( network data\255)2 588(attribute in the)2 593 2 3859 1596 t
(base \(see)1 362 1 720 1716 t
10 I f
(ndb)1107 1716 w
10 R f
( run the machine as a CPU server, boot)8 1561(\(8\)\). To)1 335 2 1257 1716 t
10 CW f
(/sparc/9sscpu)3178 1716 w
10 R f
(.)3958 1716 w
( we do believe it's as solid as the rest and we do)12 1931( But)1 196( guess, this is not our favorite port.)7 1398(As you might)2 545 4 970 1872 t
( you have Sparcstations and Magnums, race them.)7 2005( If)1 116(use it for production work.)4 1068 3 720 1992 t
10 B f
(The IBM PC operating system)4 1299 1 720 2232 t
10 R f
( DOS can set up things we don't know about, such as)11 2208(The PC version of Plan 9 boots from DOS so)9 1862 2 970 2388 t
( within)1 282( system should work on any 386 or 486 PC and can handle anything that is)15 3020( The)1 207(power management.)1 811 4 720 2508 t
( run it)2 253( We)1 195( of your hardware.)3 757(the PC model, but you may want to tweak the system to handle peculiarities)13 3115 4 720 2628 t
(on AT&T Safari, AT&T 6386, and Gateway 486 machines.)8 2382 1 720 2748 t
( displays work but)3 739( Color)1 279( 800\327600 black and white display.)5 1382(We use the VGA to support a 648\327480 or)8 1670 4 970 2904 t
(only generate monochrome.)2 1117 1 720 3024 t
(To boot the system, copy the files)6 1388 1 970 3180 t
10 CW f
(/386/b.com)2389 3180 w
10 R f
(and)3020 3180 w
10 CW f
(/386/9pc)3195 3180 w
10 R f
(to a DOS floppy \(see)4 867 1 3706 3180 t
10 I f
(dossrv)4605 3180 w
10 R f
(\(4\)\).)4866 3180 w
(Then run)1 390 1 720 3300 t
10 CW f
(b.com)1162 3300 w
10 R f
( Type)1 281( will ask what device to boot from.)7 1575( It)1 138(on the PC to bootstrap the system.)6 1532 4 1514 3300 t
10 CW f
(fd!0!9pc)720 3420 w
10 R f
(or)1242 3420 w
10 CW f
(fd!1!9pc)1367 3420 w
10 R f
( the system boots, it will ask)6 1245( When)1 306(depending on the floppy unit number.)5 1600 3 1889 3420 t
( 9 system \(type)3 620( this point, you'll either need an Ethernet and a Plan)10 2128( At)1 155(where to get its files.)4 855 4 720 3540 t
10 CW f
(il)4507 3540 w
10 R f
(\) or you'll)2 413 1 4627 3540 t
(need to get useful files loaded on the PC's disk.)9 1904 1 720 3660 t
(If you want to run a PC stand\255alone, follow the instructions in the document)13 3042 1 970 3816 t
10 I f
(Configuring a PC.)2 743 1 4037 3816 t
10 B f
(The Hobbit operating system)3 1242 1 720 4056 t
10 R f
(This system runs only on a home\255built board, so it's probably not of much interest.)14 3315 1 970 4212 t
10 B f
(The file server)2 615 1 720 4452 t
10 R f
( a stand\255alone program, distantly)4 1372( It's)1 198(The file server runs on only a handful of distinct machines.)10 2500 3 970 4608 t
( It)1 115( it does is serve files on network connections.)8 1849(related to the CPU server code, that runs no user code: all)11 2356 3 720 4728 t
( See)1 202(supports SCSI disks only, which can be interleaved for faster throughput.)10 3000 2 720 4848 t
10 I f
(fsconfig)3955 4848 w
10 R f
(\(8\) for an explana\255)3 768 1 4272 4848 t
(tion of how to configure a file server.)7 1491 1 720 4968 t
( file server, follow the directions for booting a CPU server using the file name)14 3204(To boot a)2 393 2 970 5124 t
10 CW f
(9)4598 5124 w
10 I f
(machtype)4658 5124 w
10 R f
(where)720 5244 w
10 I f
(machtype)988 5244 w
10 R f
(is)1395 5244 w
10 CW f
(power)1487 5244 w
10 R f
(,)1787 5244 w
10 CW f
(magnum)1837 5244 w
10 R f
(,)2197 5244 w
10 CW f
(ss)2247 5244 w
10 R f
(, etc. as appropriate.)3 803 1 2367 5244 t
10 B f
(The SGI file server)3 813 1 720 5484 t
10 R f
( on 4D multiprocessors with IO2 or IO3 boards, just like the CPU server system.)14 3393(The system runs)2 677 2 970 5640 t
( the IO2 or IO3, or you can use an Interphase)10 1953(The supports the internal LANCE Ethernet controller on)7 2367 2 720 5760 t
( old system did not support the internal SCSI con\255)9 2120( \(The)1 251( Eagle controller on the VME.)5 1274(V/Ethernet 4207)1 675 4 720 5880 t
(troller; it does now; you need no Jaguar.\))7 1642 1 720 6000 t
10 B f
(The MIPS 6280 file server)4 1115 1 720 6240 t
10 R f
( We)1 194( much a port of the SGI system, so has the same properties.)12 2441(This version of the system is pretty)6 1435 3 970 6396 t
( dual SCSI disk controller on the)6 1365(use an Eagle Ethernet controller and an Interphase V/SCSI 4210 Jaguar)10 2955 2 720 6516 t
( is no support for the internal SMD drive.)8 1657( There)1 282(VME bus.)1 411 3 720 6636 t
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10 R f
(\255 5 \255)2 166 1 2797 480 t
10 B f
(The MIPS Magnum file server)4 1304 1 720 840 t
10 R f
( built\255in frame buffer: it requires a 9600 baud terminal con\255)10 2443(The Magnum file server doesn't use the)6 1627 2 970 996 t
(nected to)1 363 1 720 1116 t
10 CW f
(tty1.)1108 1116 w
10 R f
(Set the)1 275 1 1433 1116 t
10 CW f
(console)1733 1116 w
10 R f
(environment variable to)2 954 1 2178 1116 t
10 CW f
(1)3157 1116 w
10 R f
(and boot using BOOTP.)3 967 1 3242 1116 t
10 B f
(The Sparcstation file server)3 1179 1 720 1356 t
10 R f
( How\255)1 280( things about the hardware as the Sparcstation CPU server code.)10 2589(The system assumes the same)4 1201 3 970 1512 t
( requires a 9600 baud terminal connected to)7 1819(ever, the file server doesn't use any existing frame buffer: it)10 2501 2 720 1632 t
10 CW f
(ttya)720 1752 w
10 R f
( is known to work only on a Sparcstation 2 \(4/75\).)10 2007(. It)1 136 2 960 1752 t
10 B f
(Backup)720 1992 w
10 R f
( an SGI Power Series 4D multiprocessor)6 1656( It's)1 189( server is unlikely to be much like yours.)8 1677(Our main file)2 548 4 970 2148 t
( cache memory, 7 gigabytes of SCSI magnetic disk, and a SONY WDA\255610 Writ\255)13 3383(with 128 megabytes of)3 937 2 720 2268 t
( WORM is actually the)4 943( The)1 209( gigabytes of data.)3 744(able Disk Auto Changer \(WORM\), which stores almost 350)8 2424 4 720 2388 t
( each morning the system con\255)5 1248( Early)1 271(prime storage; the SCSI disk is just a cache to improve performance.)11 2801 3 720 2508 t
( backup system is therefore just)5 1272( Our)1 207( image of the entire system as it appears that day.)10 1986(structs on WORM an)3 855 4 720 2628 t
(a file server that lets you look at yesterday's \(or last year's\) file system.)13 2855 1 720 2748 t
( therefore the only one for which we have a)9 1880(The SONY WORM is the only one we've tried and)9 2190 2 970 2904 t
( adapt the code to a different brand of jukebox, but there are certainly)13 2900( shouldn't be too hard to)5 1035(driver. It)1 385 3 720 3024 t
( might also consider attach\255)4 1112( You)1 224(assumptions about the peculiarities of the device \(the things are all weird\).)11 2984 3 720 3144 t
( WORM drive and managing the dumps a little less automat\255)10 2437(ing a CD\255R jukebox or even just using a single)9 1883 2 720 3264 t
( long way of saying that the system as distributed has no explicit method of backup)15 3478( is just a)3 358(ically. This)1 484 3 720 3384 t
(other than through the WORM jukebox.)5 1604 1 720 3504 t
( it wouldn't be as luxurious,)5 1127( Although)1 428(Not everyone can invest in such expensive hardware, however.)8 2515 3 970 3660 t
(it would be possible to use)5 1074 1 720 3780 t
10 CW f
(mkfs)1821 3780 w
10 R f
( archives and use)3 687(\(8\) to build regular file system)5 1228 2 2061 3780 t
10 CW f
(scuzz)4002 3780 w
10 R f
(\(8\) to stream them)3 738 1 4302 3780 t
(to a SCSI 8mm tape drive.)5 1061 1 720 3900 t
10 CW f
(Mkext)1831 3900 w
10 R f
(could then extract them.)3 965 1 2156 3900 t
( possible to treat a regular disk, or even a part of a disk, as a fake WORM, which can then be)21 3750(It's also)1 320 2 970 4056 t
( a good way to learn about the)7 1220( is a bad idea for a production system but)9 1672( This)1 231(streamed to tape when it fills.)5 1197 4 720 4176 t
( see)1 152( Again,)1 319(WORM software.)1 715 3 720 4296 t
10 I f
(fsconfig)1931 4296 w
10 R f
(\(8\) for details.)2 568 1 2248 4296 t
10 B f
(Other systems)1 607 1 720 4536 t
10 R f
( have little\255endian MIPSes, or IBM RS6000s, or HP PAs, or DEC Alphas, or all kinds of)16 3693(You may)1 377 2 970 4692 t
( had our fill of)4 613( We've)1 325( don't ask us to do the port for you.)9 1500( Please)1 315(other machines not on the above lists.)6 1567 5 720 4812 t
( worthy though all this porting activity has been, it's dull and can easily take up all one's time.)18 3919(ports and,)1 401 2 720 4932 t
( \(they really do\), the work of building and maintaining all the)11 2574(Although the applications all port trivially)5 1746 2 720 5052 t
( brands of I/O)3 560(compilers and machine\255dependent parts of the operating system and driving all those different)12 3760 2 720 5172 t
( The)1 216( another machine to the list is not free, it's a linear amount of work.)14 2850( Adding)1 361(devices is substantial.)2 893 4 720 5292 t
(constant is small but)3 820 1 720 5412 t
10 I f
(N)1565 5412 w
10 R f
(is getting large.)2 619 1 1657 5412 t
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