; TeX output 1997.01.23:0041soDtGGcmr17LdKGXQ cmr12AT[-E;gX`2gG cmmi12"fonqt7tselection#khch!", cmsy10 xCopryright19951996,LDD"|{Ycmr8A_ٺT UE!X3ProjectTVeam.-Allrighrtsreserved.+-23NorvembSer19961č5Nff cmbx12Contents5"V cmbx101DIn9troQduction2 DK`y cmr101.1[L5ffٓRcmr7A͉TU>'ExX2 b> cmmi10"fontsH_.............................2D1.2[Overviewk...............................2D1.3[F*urtherUUinformation .........................352DT extTfon9ts84D2.1[T*extUUfontattributesxU.........................4D2.2[SelectionUUcommandsƍ.........................6D2.3[Internals\................................7D2.4[ParametersUUforauthorcommands0..................7D2.5[SpGecialUUfontdeclarationcommands۝.................853DMathTfon9ts 9D3.1[MathUUfontattributesፍ.........................10D3.2[SelectionUUcommandsƍ.........................11D3.3[DeclaringUUmathversions1(.......................11D3.4[DeclaringUUmathalphabGets......................12D3.5[DeclaringUUsymbGolfontsK........................12D3.6[DeclaringUUmathsymbGols&.......................13D3.7[DeclaringUUmathsizes.........................1554DF on9tTinstallation!15D4.1[F*ontUUde nition les΍..........................15D4.2[F*ontUUde nition lecommands1 ....................16D4.3[F*ontUU leloadinginformation).....................17D4.4[SizeUUfunctionsƯ.............................1855DEncoQdings 19D5.1[TheUUm#R cmss10fontencpackqage.........................19D5.2[EncoGdingUUde nition lesM.......................19D5.3[DefaultUUde nitions?..........................22D5.4[EncoGdingUUdefaults# ...........................23D5.5[CaseUUchanging̍.............................231*so56DMiscellanea=24 D6.1[F*ontUUsubstitution#...........................24D6.2[Preloading...............................25D6.3[AccentedUUcharacters荍.........................25D6.4[NamingUUconventions⍍.........................2657DIfTy9ouneedtoknowmore...>m27&荍51MLIntros3ductionJ5ThissdoGcumentdescribesthenewfontselectionfeaturesoftheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXDocument5PreparationJSystem.n8Itisintendedforpackqagewriterswhowanttowritefont-5loadingUUpackqagessimilarto'ExXfontsandL5ffA͉TU>'ExXpackqages.=MItis5': cmti10neitherhaUUuser-guidenorareferencemanualforfontsinL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"(.!Z5 N cmbx121.1SLAl#!2@cmbx8A~/TESXa2#DF cmmib10"0fonts65ThemostimpGortantdi erencebetweenL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2.09andL5ffATU>'ExX2"*݈isthewaythat5fonts!areselected.*InL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2.09,theComputerMoGdernfontswerebuiltinto5thefL5ffA͉TU>'ExXformat,andsocustomizingL5ffATU>'ExXtouseotherfontswasama8jor5e ort.5InL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"(潲,veryfewfontsarebuiltintotheformat,andtherearecommands5toNloadnewtextandmathfonts.EPackqagesNsuchastimesorlatexsymallow5authorsZtoaccessthesefonts.)ThisdoGcumentdescribGeshowtowritesimilar5font-loadingUUpackqages.5TheL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"+#Tfontselectionsystemwas rstreleasedasthe`NewF*ontSelection5Scheme'(NFSS)in1989,andtheninrelease2in1993.LL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2",BincludesNFSS5releaseUU2asstandard.!Z51.2SOverview65ThisUUdoGcumentcontainsanoverviewofthenewfontcommandsofL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.$&5SectionT2h(ԲdescribGescthecommandsforselectingfontsinclassesandpackqages.NItliststhe veL5ffA͉TU>'ExXfontattributes,andliststhecommandsforselectingNfonts.aVItalsodescribGeshowtocustomizetheauthorcommandssuchasN\textrmUUand\textittosuityourdoGcumentdesign.05SectionT3h(ԲexplainsuthecommandsforcontrollingL5ffA͉TU>'ExXmathfonts.&Itde-NscribGesUUhowtospecifynewmathfontsandnewmathsymbGols.5SectionT4h(ԲexplainshowtoinstallnewfontsintoL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.>ItshowshowL5ffA͉TU>'ExXNfont.attributesareturnedintoTU>'ExXfontnames,%andhowtospGecifyyourNownUUfontsusingfontde nition les.2 0so5SectionT5h(ԲdiscussestextfontencoGdings.#Itdescribeshowtodeclareanew NencoGdingeGandhowtode necommands,Csuchas\AEeor\",CwhichhaveNdi erentLde nitionsindi erentencoGdings,dependingLonwhetherligatures,Netc.UUareavqailableintheencoGding.25SectionT6h(Բcoversfontmiscellanea.0ItdescribGeshowL5ffA͉TU>'ExXpGerformsfontsub-Nstitution,Chow?tocustomizefontsthatarepreloadedintheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXformat,NandUUthenamingconventionsUUusedinL5ffA͉TU>'ExXfontselection. 51.3SFurtherinformation5F*orGageneralintroGductiontoL5ffA͉TU>'ExX,includingthenewfeaturesofL5ffATU>'ExX2"(",you5shouldXreadL雍Q)t}\cmti7ATKß'E-X:A Do}'cument PreparationSystem,YLeslieXLampGort,Addison5W*esley,UU2nded,1994.25A[more|detaileddescriptionoftheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXfontselectionschemeistobGefound5in HThecL雍QATKß'E-XComp}'anion,*GoGossens,MittelbachandSamarin,AddisonW*esley,51994.5The4L5ffA͉TU>'ExXfontselectionschemeisbasedonTU>'ExX,,whichisdescribGedbyits5developGer\8inThe=TKß'E-Xb}'ook,]Donald\8E.Knuth,]AddisonW*esley,1986,revised\8in51991UUtoincludethefeaturesofTU>'ExX3.5SebastianRahtz'spsnfsssoftwarecontainsthesoftwareforusingalargenum-5bGerofType1fonts(includingtheAdobeLaserW*riter35andtheMonotype5CD-ROMefonts)einL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.ItshouldbGeavqailablefromthesamesourceasyour5copyUUofL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.5ThepsnfsssoftwareusesfontsgeneratedbyAlanJe rey'sfontinstsoftware.5ThiswcanconvertwfontsfromAdobGeF*ontMetricformatintoaformatreadable5byrL5ffA͉TU>'ExX,zincludingthegenerationofthe.fd lesdescribGedinSection4. The5fontinst>вsoftwareshouldbGeavqailablefromthesamesourceasyourcopyof5L5ffA͉TU>'ExX.5Wheneverpractical,2L5ffA͉TU>'ExXusesthefontnamingschemedescribGedinFilenames5forfonts,UUKarlBerry*,TUGb}'oatH-11(4),UU1990.5Theclass-writer'sguideL雍QATKß'E-X2", forClassandPackageWriters^describGesthe5new;PL5ffA͉TU>'ExXfeaturesforwritersofdoGcumentclassesandpackqagesandiskept5inclsguide.tex.Con guringL5ffA͉TU>'ExXiscoveredbytheguideCon gur}'ation5optionsforL雍QATKß'E-X2",Uin_cfgguide.texwhilstthephilosophybGehindourpolicy5onUUmoGdifyingL5ffA͉TU>'ExXisdescribedinMo}'difyingL雍QATKß'E-Xinmodguide.tex.5W*eDaregraduallyturningthesourcecoGdeforL5ffA͉TU>'ExXintoaL5ffATU>'ExXdoGcument5L雍QATKß'E-X:8thew+pr}'ogram.g^This6doGcumentincludesanindexofL5ffA͉TU>'ExXcommandsand5canUUbGetypesetfromsource2e.tex.5F*orj_moreinformationabGoutTU>'ExXandL5ffA͉TU>'EX,]pleasecontactyourloGcalTU>'ExXUsers5Group,UUortheinternationalTU>'ExXUsersGroup.qHerearesomeusefuladdresses.N*o cmr9TuAEXUsersGroup,01850UnionStreet#1637,SanF:rancisco,CA94123, NUSANF:ax:T+14159828559*Email:p+ߤN cmtt9tug@tug.orgHNUKTTUG,1EymoreClose,SellyOak,BirminghamB294LB,UKNF:ax:p+44T1214762159*Email:uktug-enquiries@tex.ac.uk32so52MLTfextfffonts{卑5Thisb@sectiondescribGesthecommandsavqailabletoclassandpackqagewritersfor 5spGecifyingUUandselectingfonts.52.1STextfontattributes 5EveryUUtextfontinL5ffA͉TU>'ExXhas veattributes!:_5encoQdingfThisKspGeci estheorderthatcharactersappearinthefont.֨TheNtwomostcommontextencoGdingsusedinL5ffA͉TU>'ExXareKnuth's`TU>'EXtext'NencoGding,andH'the`TU>'ExXtextextended'encodingdevelopedbytheTU>'ExXNUsers-GroupmembGersduringaTU>'ExXConferenceatCorkin1990(henceNitsUUinformalname`CorkencoGding').ʍ5familyY%ITheanameforacollectionoffonts,KusuallygroupGedunderacommonNnamebythefontfoundry*.FForexample,`AdobGeTimes',`ITCGaramond',NandUUKnuth's`ComputerMoGdernRoman'areallfontfamilies.5seriesUWHowheavyorexpandedafontis.rF*orexample,`mediumweight',`nar-Nrow'UUand`bGoldextended'areallseries.5shapQeV~The/formoftheletterswithinafontfamily*. `For/example,`italic',N`oblique'UUand`upright'(sometimescalled`roman')areallfontshapGes.5sizeLƲTheUUdesignsizeofthefont,forexample`10pt'._5ThepGossiblevqaluesfortheseattributesaregivenshortacronymsbyL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.'ExXUUtext{£T1BTU>'ExXUUextendedtextvOMLBTU>'ExXUUmathitalicvOMSBTU>'ExXUUmathsymbGolsvOMXBTU>'ExXUUmathlargesymbGolsUBUnknownn$L !", cmsy10hxx4DiBAUUloGcalencoding5Thek`loGcal'encodingsareintendedforfontencoGdingswhichareonlyloGcally5avqailable,UUforexampleafontcontaininganorganisation'slogoinvqarioussizes.ʍ5TherearefartoGomanyfontfamiliestolistthemall,Nbutsomecommonones5are:C>_dt!cmrComputerUUMoGdernRomann$cmssComputerUUMoGdernSansn$cmttComputerUUMoGdernTypewritert!cmmComputerUUMoGdernMathItalicn$cmsyComputerUUMoGdernMathSymbolsn$cmexComputerUUMoGdernMathExtensionst!ptmAdobGeUUTimest!phvAdobGeUUHelveticat!pcrAdobGeUUCourier4Dso5TheUUmostcommonvqaluesforthefontseriesare:+荍dt!m@Medium t!b@Boldn$bx@BoldUUextendedn$sb@Semi-bGoldt!c@Condensed-5TheUUmostcommonvqaluesforthefontshapGeare:'dt!n@NormalUU(thatis`upright'or`roman') n$it@Italicn$sl@SlantedUU(or`oblique')n$sc@CapsUUandsmallcaps5The5ffontsizeisspGeci edasadimension,mjforexample10ptor1.5inor3mm. 5TheseUU veparametersspGecifyeveryL5ffA͉TU>'ExXfont,forexample:-d7*L雍QATKß'E-Xsp}'eci cationXF;ontGTKß'E-Xfontname7*OT1Kcmr_qmivnt 10pt;ComputerUUMoGdernRoman10pt[cmr107*OT1I@cmss_qmfslt 12ptComputerUUMoGdernSansOblique12ptVcmssi127*OMLKcmm_qmfitt 10pt"̲ComputerUUMoGdernMathItalic10ptYIcmmi10:v)T1Kptm_qbfitt 18pt@AdobGeUUTimesBoldItalic18ptFptmbq?at18pt5These veparametersaredisplayedwheneverL5ffA͉TU>'ExXgivesanoverfullbGoxwarn-5ing,UUforexample:9C,Overfull\hbox(3.80855pttoowide)inparagraphatlines314--318 C,[]\OT1/cmr/m/n/10Normally[]and[]willbeiden-ti-cal,95TheUUauthorcommandsforfontssetthe veattributes:荍d~BAuthorc}'ommand3Attribute V;alueinarticleUUclassRT\textrm{..}UUor\rmfamily,+family cmrRT\textsf{..}UUor\sffamily,+family cmssRT\texttt{..}UUor\ttfamily,+family cmttRT\textmd{..}UUor\mdseries .series mRT\textbf{..}UUor\bfseries .series bxW\textup{..}UUor\upshapeeshapGe nW\textit{..}UUor\itshapeeshapGe itW\textsl{..}UUor\slshapeeshapGe slW\textsc{..}UUor\scshapeeshapGe scB\tinygsize 5pt)T\scriptsizegsize 7ptZ\footnotesizegsize 8ptiE\smallgsize 9pt)T\normalsizegsize 10ptiE\largegsize 12ptiE\Largegsize 14.4ptiE\LARGEgsize 17.28ptB\hugegsize 20.74ptB\Hugegsize 24.88pt5P͠so5ThevqaluesusedbythesecommandsaredeterminedbythedoGcumentclass, 5usingUUtheparametersde nedinSection2.4.5Note6thattherearenoauthorcommandsforselectingnewencoGdings.iThese5shouldUUbGeprovidedbypackqages,suchasthefontencpackqage.5This>sectiondoGesnotexplainhowL5ffA͉TU>'ExXfontspGeci cationsareturnedintoTU>'ExX5fontUUnames.qThisisdescribGedinSection4.!652.2SSelectioncommandsuT5TheUUlow-levelcommandsusedtoselectatextfontareasfollows.0a@ffŸ1ͤLτ ffΟ1\fontencodingT{- cmsy9h.j cmti9encodingUi*x}!W ff ͤLτ ffΟ1\fontfamilyT{hfamilyUi }5á ffͤLτ ffΟ1\fontseriesT{hseriesiH}72T ffͤLτ ffΟ1\fontshapeT{hshape i}= m ffͤLτ ffΟ1\fontsizeT{hsize ii}{hbaselineskip'i6}͡ ff5ffŽ*ō5Each1~ofthesecommandssetsoneofthefontattributes;\fontsizealsosets5\baselineskip. ThepHactualfontinuseisnotalteredbythesecommands,wbut5thecurrentattributesareusedtodeterminewhichfonttouseafterthenext5\selectfontUUcommand.o@ff?s1ͤLτ ffΟ1\selectfont͡ ff5ff?s阍5SelectsUUatextfont,basedonthecurrentvqaluesofthefontattributes.5Warning}:4BtheremustjbGea\selectfontcommandimmediatelyafteranyset-5tingsSofthefontparametersby(someof)the ve\fonthp}'arameteri7commands,5bGeforeUUanyfollowingtext.qF*orexample,itislegaltosay:C,\fontfamily{ptm}\fontseries{b}\selectfontSometext.5butUUitisnotH-legaltosay:C,\fontfamily{ptm}Some\fontseries{b}\selectfonttext.5Y*ou"mmaygetunexpGectedresultsifyouputtextbGetweena\fonthp}'arameteri 5commandUUanda\selectfont.o@ff1ͤLτ ffΟ1\usefontT{hencodingUi*x}{hfamilyUi }{hseriesiH}{hshape i}͡ ff5ff阍5Ashorthandfortheequivqalent\font... commandsfollowedbyacallto5\selectfont.6[ڠso52.3SInternalsQZ5TheUUcurrentvqaluesofthefontattributesareheldininternalmacros.Fa@ffR˟1ͤLτ ffΟ1\f@encoding% ff ͤLτ ffΟ1\f@family"&Q ffͤLτ ffΟ1\f@series"&Q ffͤLτ ffΟ1\f@shape&硄 ffͤLτ ffΟ1\f@size+} ffͤLτ ffΟ1\f@baselineskip͡ ffͤLτ ffΟ1\tf@size&硄 ffͤLτ ffΟ1\sf@size&硄 ffͤLτ ffΟ1\ssf@size"&Q ff5ffRˎ@ō5TheseholdthecurrentvqaluesoftheencoGding,*thefamily*,theseries,theshapGe, 5thesize,Nthebaselineskip,themainmathsize,the`script'mathsizeandthe5`scriptscript'bmathsize.Thelastthreeareaccessibleonlywithinaformula;5outsideUUofmaththeymaycontainarbitraryvqalues.5F*orUUexample,tosetthesizeto12withoutchangingthebaselineskip:C,\fontsize{12}{\f@baselineskip}5However,youshouldneverHalterthevqaluesoftheinternalcommandsdirectly;5they5UmustonlybGemodi edusingthelow-level5Ucommandslike\fontfamily,5\fontseries,ketc. If4youdisobGeythiswarningyoumightproGducecodethat5loGops.!ʿ52.4SParametersforauthorcommands5Theiparametervqaluessetbyauthorcommandssuchas\textrmand\rmfamily,5etc.Parenothard-wiredintoL5ffA͉TU>'ExX;-Minsteadthesecommandsusethevqaluesof5a0>numbGerofparameterssetbythedoGcumentclassandpackqages.F*orexam-5ple,a\rmdefaultŲisthenameofthedefaultfamilyselectedby\textrmand5\rmfamily.FNThustosetadoGcumentinAdobGeTimes,HelveticaandCourier,5theUUdoGcumentdesignerspeci es:C,\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ptm} C,\renewcommand{\sfdefault}{phv}C,\renewcommand{\ttdefault}{pcr}-affWa1ͤLτ ffΟ1\encodingdefault͡ ffͤLτ ffΟ1\familydefault? ffͤLτ ffΟ1\seriesdefault? ffͤLτ ffΟ1\shapedefault ff5ffWa%ō5The)8encoGding,2 family*,seriesandshapGeofthemainbodyfont.cBydefaultthese 5areOT1,~\rmdefault,mandn.,CNotethatsincethedefaultfamilyis\rmdefault,5this.8meansthatchanging\rmdefaultwillchangethemainbGody.8fontofthe5doGcument.7fso&f@ff;?ݟ1ͤLτ ffΟ1\rmdefault͡ ff ͤLτ ffΟ1\sfdefault͡ ffͤLτ ffΟ1\ttdefault͡ ff5ff;?ݎō5The.familiesselectedby\textrm,d\rmfamily,\textsf,\sffamily,\texttt 5andUU\ttfamily.qBydefaultthesearecmr,cmssandcmtt."OEff;?ݟ1ͤLτ ffΟ1\bfdefault͡ ff ͤLτ ffΟ1\mddefault͡ ff5ff;?ݎō5The>seriesselectedby\textbf,vz\bfseries,\textmd>²and\mdseries.Bydefault5thesearebxandm.Thesevqaluesaresuitableforthedefaultfamiliesused.If5otherlfontsareusedasstandarddoGcumentfonts(forexample,acertainPostScript5fonts)IitmightbGenecessarytoadjustthevqalueof\bfdefaulttobsinceonly5aYfewsuchfamilieshavea`bGoldextended'series.~Analternative(takenforthe5fonts~providedbypsnfss)istode nesilentsubstitutionsfrombxseriestob5serieswithspGecial\DeclareFontShapedeclarationsandthessubsizefunction,5seeUUSection4.4.+aff;?ݟ1ͤLτ ffΟ1\itdefault͡ ff ͤLτ ffΟ1\sldefault͡ ffͤLτ ffΟ1\scdefault͡ ffͤLτ ffΟ1\updefault͡ ff5ff;?ݎ%ō5The(shapGesselectedby\textit,\itshape,\textsl,\slshape,\textsc,5\scshape,UU\textupand\upshape.qBydefaulttheseareit,sl,scandn.5Noteo:thattherearenoparametersforthesizecommands.wTheseshouldbGe5de nedUUdirectlyinclass les,forexample:C,\renewcommand{\normalsize}{\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont}5More@elabGorateexamples(settingadditionalparameterswhenthetextsizeis5changed)ocanbGefoundinclasses.dtxthesourcedocumentationfortheclasses5article,UUreport,andbook.!652.5SSp`ecialfontdeclarationcommandso@ffP61ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareFixedFontT{hcmdpi`}{hENCM'i=}{hfamilyUi }{hseriesiH}{hshape i}{hsize ii}͡ ff5ffP6阍5Declarescommandhcmdi$tobGeafontswitchwhichselectsthefontthatis5spGeci edUUbytheattributeshENCsi!,hfamily}i&;,hseries!i$Dz,hshap}'e[i#_,andhsize[i.5Thefontisselectedwithoutanyadjustmentstobaselineskipandothersur-5roundingUUconditions.5ThisUUexamplemakes{\picturechar?.}selectasmalldotveryquickly:C,\DeclareFixedFont{\picturechar}{OT1}{cmr}{m}{n}{5}8 rso@ffB1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextFontCommandT{hcmdpi`}{hfont-switchesi;D}͡ ff5ffB阍5Declares9commandhcmdi&ZtobGeafontcommandwithoneargument.3Thecurrent 5fontattributesareloGcallymodi edbyhfont-switches!iHandthentheargument5ofUUhcmdi!]زisUUtypGesetintheresultingnewfont.5Commands?de nedby\DeclareTextFontCommandautomaticallytakecareof5anyUUnecessaryitaliccorrection(oneitherside).5TheUUfollowingexampleshowshow\textrmisde nedbythekernel.C,\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textrm}{\rmfamily}5T*ode neacommandthatalwaystypGesetitsargumentintheitalicshapGeofthe5mainUUdoGcumentfontyoucoulddeclare:C,\DeclareTextFontCommand{\normalit}{\normalfont\itshape}5ThisFdeclarationcanbGeusedtochangethemeaningofacommand;Kifhcmdi!@zis5alreadyUUde ned,alogthatithasbGeenrede nedisputinthetranscript le.o@ff츟1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareOldFontCommandT{hcmdpi`}{htext-switch9i2!}{hmath-switch9i8}͡ ff5ff츎阍5Declarescommandhcmdi&TtobGeafontswitch(i.e.usedwiththesyntax5{hcmdi....}),havingthede nitionhtext-switchci=0IJwhenusedintextandthedef-5initionhmath-switchciDwhenusedinaformula.xMathalphabGetcommands,—like5\mathit,@when;Rusedwithinhmath-switchciC$1shouldnothave;Ranargument.iTheir5useinthisargumentcausestheirsemanticstochangesothattheyhereactas5aUUfontswitch,asrequiredbytheusageofthehcmdi.5Thisdeclarationisusefulforsettingupcommandslike\rmtobGehaveasthey5didMinL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2.09.?W*estronglyurgeyounot%tomisusethisdeclarationtoinvent5newUUfontcommands.5The3ifollowingexamplede nes\ittoproGducetheitalicshapeofthemaindoc-5ument;?fontifusedintextandtoswitchtothefontthatwouldnormallybGe5proGducedUUbythemathalphabet\mathitifusedinaformula.C,\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}5ThisFdeclarationcanbGeusedtochangethemeaningofacommand;Kifhcmdi!@zis5alreadyUUde ned,alogthatithasbGeenrede nedisputinthetranscript le.'č53MLMathfffonts5Thisb@sectiondescribGesthecommandsavqailabletoclassandpackqagewritersfor5spGecifyingUUmathfontsandmathcommands.9 ~=so53.1SMathfontattributesuT5TheAselectionoffontswithinmathmoGdeisquitedi erenttothatoftextfonts.5Somemathfontsareselectedexplicitlybyone-argumentcommandssuchas 5\mathsf{max}ٲor\mathbf{vec}:thesearecalledmathalphab}'ets.SThesemath5alphabGet5Qcommandsa ectonlythefontusedforlettersandsymbGolsoftypGe5\mathalphaW(seeSection3.6);HXothersymbGolswithintheargumentwillbGeleft5unchanged.qTheUUprede nedmathalphabGetsare:CqǍdAAlphab}'etDescriptionKExample&\mathnormalRdefaultabcXY8Z\mathrmۏromanabGcXYZ\mathbfObGoldUUromanabQcXYZ\mathsfՀڲsansUUserifabGcXYZ\mathit6.textUUitalicGab}'cXYZ\mathtt˄typGewriter/abcXYZ\mathcalrcalligraphicXvY}Z5Other,mathfontsareselectedimplicitlybyTU>'ExXforsymbGols,withcommands5suchJmas\oplus(proGducing)orwithstraightcharacterslike>or+.QF*onts5containingi!suchmathsymbGolsarecalledmathsymb}'olfonts.,Theprede ned5mathUUsymbGolfontsare:1qǍdjSymb}'olfontҚDescription5ExamplemCoperatorsヲsymbGolsUUfrom\mathrm?U;[+]rletterscsymbGolsUUfrom\mathnormal3<<?>>rsymbolsMmostUUL5ffA͉TU>'ExXsymbGols;ȸeclargesymbols΃ylargeUUsymbGols9u cmex10PEQQSR5SomemathfontsarebGothmathҲalphab}'etskandmathsymb}'olfonts,forexample5\mathrmAandoperatorsarethesamefont,Eand\mathnormalandlettersare5theUUsamefont.5MathfontsinL5ffA͉TU>'ExXhavethesame veattributesastextfonts: encoGding,5family*,&series,shapGe~andsize."However,&there~arenocommandsthatallowthe5attributes`YtobGeindividuallychanged.Instead,ctheconversionfrommathfonts5tothese veattributesiscontrolledbythemathversion.#F*orexample,gthe5normalUUmathversionmaps:OqǍdMathfont Externalfont[Alphab}'etsSymb}'olfonts/Attributesw@4\mathnormallettersOML;cmm6 mA?it@(\mathrmoperatorsOT1;cmr6 mCn+\mathcalsymbolsOMS'ExX'smath5groups.5ChecksgDthathmath-alphci:ScanbGede nedandthathsym-font-name[iP?$isasymbGol5font.5Example:C,\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathrm}{operators} C,\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathcal}{symbols}!653.6SDeclaringmathsymb`ols"O@ff'ן1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareMathSymbolT{hsymbolpi"̂}{htype i}{hsym-font-name iC}{hsloti}͡ ff5ff'׎阍5The͉hsymb}'oli+Kbcan͉bGeeitherasinglecharactersuchas`>',oramacroname,such5asUU\sum.5De nesthehsymb}'oli+ntobGeamathsymboloftypehtyp}'e[iCinslothslotظiofsymbol5fontUUhsym-font-name[iL.qTheUUhtyp}'e[i ϲcanUUbGegivenasanumbGerorasacommand:13Csod/T;yp}'eR!Me}'aning)iExample s۠0UUor\mathordiOrdinary9 s۠1UUor\mathopdLargeUUopGerator6Ps۠2UUor\mathbin BinaryUUopGeration8cs۠3UUor\mathrel-Relation8cs۠4UUor\mathopeneOpGening:UJhs۠5UUor\mathclose)Closing:UJis۠6UUor\mathpunctIPunctuation:;s۠7UUor\mathalpha0ղAlphabGetUUcharacter8AG[5Only^symbGolsoftypGe\mathalphawillbea ectedbymathalphabetcommands: 5within_dtheargumentofamathalphabGetcommandtheywillproducethechar-5acterfinslothslotظiofthatmathalphabGet'sfont.Symbolsfofothertypeswill5alwaysUUproGducethesamesymbol(withinonemathversion).[15\DeclareMathSymbolu'allowsamacrohsymb}'oli.tobGerede nedonlyifitwas5previouslywde nedtobGeamathsymbol.'Italsocheckswthatthehsym-font-name[i5isUUadeclaredsymbGolfont.5Example:,C,\DeclareMathSymbol{\alpha}{0}{letters}{"0B} C,\DeclareMathSymbol{\lessdot}{\mathbin}{AMSb}{"0C}C,\DeclareMathSymbol{\alphld}{\mathalpha}{AMSb}{"0C}"aff'ExXisnotloGokingforadelimiter,dhcmdi#istreatedjustasifithadbeen5de nedQMwith\DeclareMathSymbolusinghtyp}'e[i9r,hsym-font-name-1[iU andhslot-1[i#7.5Inotherwords,ifacommandisde nedasadelimiterthenthisautomatically5de nesUUitasamathsymbGol.5Example:,C,\DeclareMathDelimiter{\langle}{\mathopen}{symbols}{"68} {largesymbols}{"0A}o@ff1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareMathAccentT{hcmdpi`}{htype i}{hsym-font-name iC}{hsloti}͡ ff5ff阍5De nesUUhcmdi!]زtoUUactasamathaccent.5TheSaccentcharactercomesfromslothslotظi uinhsym-font-name[iM.mrThehtyp}'e[i5canbGeeither\mathordor\mathalpha;inthelattercasetheaccentcharacter5changesUUfontwhenusedinamathalphabGet.5Example:14soC,\DeclareMathAccent{\acute}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"13} C,\DeclareMathAccent{\vec}{\mathord}{letters}{"7E} `ff˯1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareMathRadicalT{hcmdpi`}{hsym-font-name-16iLh}{hslot-16i]}͡ ffͤLτ ff$1{hsym-font-name-26iLh}T{hslot-26i]}͡ ff5ff˯5De neshcmdiristhe(main)mathtextsize,Ihs-size[i*9?isthe`script'5sizeandhss-size[i-Dqthe`scriptscript'sizetobGeusedinmath,whenht-size[i(ilis5the7currenttextsize.|lF*ortextsizesforwhichnosuchdeclarationisgiventhe5`script' and`scriptscript'sizewillbGecalculatedandthenfontsareloadedfor5the]calculatedsizesorthebGestapproximation(thismayresultinawarning5message).5Normally*,ht-size[i)㹲andhmt-size[i1willbGeidentical;^however,if,forexample,5PostScriptdtextfontsaremixedwithbit-mapmathfontsthenyoumaynot5haveUUavqailableahmt-size[i.,foreveryht-size[i"W.5Example:C,\DeclareMathSizes{13.82}{12.4}{10}{7}'č54MLFfontffinstallation5ThissectionexplainshowL5ffA͉TU>'ExX'sfontattributesareturnedintoTU>'ExXfontspGec-5i cations.!654.1SFontde nition lesuT5Thev5descriptionofhowL5ffA͉TU>'ExXfontattributesareturnedintoTU>'ExXfontsisusually5keptFinafontde nition P(.fd) le.lThe.fd leforfamilyhfamily}i* inencoGding5henc}'oding}if²iscalledhENCsi"hfamily}iF .fd,forexampleOT1cmr.fdforComputer5MoGdernUURomanorT1ptm.fdforAdobeTimes.5WheneverlL5ffA͉TU>'ExXencountersanencoGding/familycombinationthatitdoGesnot5know#(e.g.ifthedoGcumentdesignersays\fontfamily{ptm}\selectfont)then5L5ffA͉TU>'ExX&attemptstoloadtheappropriate.fd le.\Notknown"means:ithere15so5wastno\DeclareFontFamilydeclarationissuedforthisencoGding/familycom- 5bination.5The;declarationsinthe.fd learerespGonsiblefortellingL5ffA͉TU>'ExXhowtoload5fonts_{forthatencoGding/familycombination.9Ifthe.fd lecouldnotbGefound,5aUUwarningisissuedandfontsubstitutionsaremade. 54.2SFontde nition lecommandsB5The# .fd lesshouldcontainonlycommandsfromthissection.a Notethatthose5commandscanalsobGeusedoutsidea.fd le:wtheycanbeputinpackqageor5classUU les,oreveninthepreambleofadoGcument.o@ff>ڟ1ͤLτ ffΟ1\ProvidesFile{h le-name i,D}[hrelease-info'i56]͡ ff5ff>ڎ阍5Thekw.fd leshouldannounceitselfwitha\ProvidesFilecommand,asde-5scribGedUUinL雍QATKß'E-X2",:forClassandPackageWriters.qF*orUUexample:BC,\ProvidesFile{T1ptm.fd}[1994/06/01AdobeTimesfontdefinitions]@ff1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareFontFamilyT{hencodingUi*x}{hfamilyUi }{hloading-settingsiE}͡ ff5ff􎎎阍5DeclaresUUafontfamilyhfamily}i*)tobGeavqailableinencoGdingschemehenc}'oding}i1N.5Thehlo}'ading-settings!iP뮲areexecutedimmediatelyafterloadinganyfontwiththis5encoGdingUUandfamily*.5ChecksUUthathenc}'oding}i4زwaspreviouslydeclared.5ThisexamplereferstotheComputerMoGdernTypewriterfontfamilyinthe5CorkUUencoGding:BC,\DeclareFontFamily{T1}{cmtt}{\hyphenchar\font=-1}B5EachL.fd leshouldcontainexactlyone\DeclareFontFamilycommand,Jand5itUUshouldbGefortheappropriateencoding/familycombination."aff1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareFontShapeT{hencodingUi*x}{hfamilyUi }{hseriesiH}{hshape i}͡ ff ͤLτ ff}+1{hloading-info'i6}T{hloading-settingsiE}͡ ff5ff5DeclaresYafontshapGecombination;herehlo}'ading-infoiA_Ųcontainstheinformation5thatcombinessizeswithexternalfonts.NThesyntaxiscomplexandisdescribGed5inUUSection4.3bGelow.5The>hlo}'ading-settings!iR are>executedafterloadinganyfontwiththisfontshapGe.5Theyareexecutedimmediatelyafterthe`loading-settings'whichweredeclared5by\DeclareFontFamilyandsotheycanbGeusedtooverwritethesettingsmade5atUUthefamilylevel.5Checks2thatthecombinationhenc}'oding}i2`hfamily}iZxwaspreviouslydeclaredvia5\DeclareFontFamily.5Example:16ըsoC,\DeclareFontShape{OT1}{cmr}{m}{sl}{% rl<5-8>sub*cmr/m/nrl<8>cmsl8rl<9>cmsl9rl<10><10.95>cmsl10rl<12><14.4><17.28><20.74><24.88>cmsl12rl}{}'5An.fd lecancontainanynumbGerof\DeclareFontShapecommands,#which 5shouldUUbGefortheappropriatehenc}'oding}i4زandhfamily}i&;.5TheUUfontfamilydeclarationsfortheOT1-encoGdedfontsnowallcontain:7ow cmss9NewTfeature1996/06/01'>s,\hyphenchar\font=`\-5This`enablestheuseofanalternative\hyphencharinotherencoGdingswhilst 5maintainingUUthecorrectvqalueforallfonts.!^54.3SFont leloadinginformationq5The+informationwhichtellsL5ffA͉TU>'ExXexactlywhichfont(.tfm) lestoloadis5contained3uinthehlo}'ading-infoiApartofa\DeclareFontShapedeclaration.f|This5partsconsistsofoneormorehfontshap}'e-decliIs,:eachofwhichhasthefollowing5form:+t'dDhfontshap}'e-decliΐ::=y>hsize-infos!ixhfont-infoiXVhsize-infos!iΐ::=y>hsize-infos!ixhsize-infoiijUUhsize-infoi\Ɵhsize-infoiΐ::=y>\<"UUhnumb}'er-or-range[iWcƲ\>"[hfont-infoiΐ::=y>[UUhsize-functionciFiG\*"UU][\["hoptar}'g}i*JC\]"]hfontar}'g}i-'5TheҸhnumb}'er-or-range[iXdenotesthesizeorsize-rangeforwhichthisentryap-5plies.5Ifvitcontainsahyphenitisarange:` lowerbGoundontheleft(ifmissing,>zero5implied),uppGerHboundontheright(ifmissing,1implied).L$F*orranges,the5uppGerUUboundisnotH-includedintherangeandthelowerbGoundis.5Examples:1gdY'<10>'simpleUUsize(10ptUUonlyY'<-8>'range(allUUsizeslessthan8ptY'<8-14.4>'range(allUUsizesgreaterthanorequalto8ptC}butUUlessthan14.4ptY'<14.4->'range(allUUsizesgreaterthanorequal14.4pt1؍5Ifǥmorethanonehsize-infoi4Aentryfollowswithoutanyinterveninghfont-infoi1],5theyUUallsharethenexthfont-infoi1O .5Thehsize-functionciC%,Oifpresent,handlestheuseofhfont-infoi2@.aIfnotpresent,5theUU`empty'hsize-functionciFiGisassumed.17⎠so5Allp/thehsize-infoi0"˲sareinspGectedintheorderinwhichtheyappearinthefont 5shapGeđdeclaration.AIfahsize-infoi2;matchestherequestedsize,itshsize-functionci5isDexecuted.XIf\external@fontisnon-emptyafterwardsthisproGcessstops,5otherwiseUUthenexthsize-infoi3]FisinspGected.q(Seealso\DeclareSizeFunction.)+[5IfthisproGcessdoesnotleadtoanon-empty\external@font,L5ffA͉TU>'ExXtriesthe5nearestUUsimplesize.qIftheentrycontainsonlyrangesanerrorisreturned. 54.4SSizefunctions5L5ffA͉TU>'ExXlprovidesthefollowingsizefunctions,whose`inputs'arehfontar}'g}i0 #and5hoptar}'g}i[(whenUUpresent).5`'T(empt9y)lLoad.theexternalfonthfontar}'g}i1attheuser-requestedsize. lIfNhoptar}'g}itisUUpresent,itisusedasthescale-factor.+Z5s>?<9><10>gen*cmtt5sgenOLikeUUthe`gen'functionbutwithoutterminalwarnings,onlyloggings.5gen9bQzGenerates5theexternalfontfromhfontar}'g}i,followedbytheuser-requestedNewTfeature 1995/12/01Nsize,;Fusing Itheconventions Iofthe`ec'fonts.e.g.<10.98>?genb*dcttNproGducesUUdctt1098.5sgen9bVLikeUUthe`genb'functionbutwithoutterminalwarnings,onlyloggings.NewTfeature 1995/12/015subKPTT*riesqtoloadafontfromadi erentfontshapGedeclarationgivenbyNhfontar}'g}ixزinUUtheformhfamily}i&;/hseries!i!Br/hshap}'e[i G.5ssubOِSilentUUvqariantof`sub',onlyloggings.5subfNLiketheemptyfunctionbutissuesawarningthatithastosubstitutetheNexternalfonthfontar}'g}i/1bGecausethedesiredfontshapGewasnotavqailableNinUUtherequestedsize.5ssubfS]SilentUUvqariantof`subf',onlyloggings.5 xedR1Loadfonthfontar}'g}i,ߑasis,~disregardingtheuser-requestedsize.GXIfpresent,Nhoptar}'g}itgivesUUthe\at...pt"UUsizetobGeused.5s xedVmSilentUUvqariantof` xed',onlyloggings.5ExamplesfortheuseofmostoftheabGovesizefunctionscanbefoundinthe le5cmfonts.fdd|the+vsourceforthestandard.fd lesdescribingtheComputer5MoGdernUUfontsbyDonaldKnuth.o@ff \1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareSizeFunctionT{hname i}{hcode i}͡ ff5ff \阍5Declaresasize-functionhname[i%forusein\DeclareFontShapecommands.FThe5interfaceJisstillunderdevelopmentbutthereshouldbGenorealneedtoade ne5newUUsizefunctions.18so5Theqzhc}'ode[i%ɲisqzexecutedwhenthesizeorsize-rangein\DeclareFontShape 5matchesUUtheuser-requestedsize.5TheVargumentsofthesize-functionareautomaticallyparsedandplacedinto5\mandatory@argTand\optional@argforuseinhc}'ode[iA.Alsoavqailable,ofcourse,5isUU\f@size,whichistheuser-requestedsize.5T*oXsignalsuccesshc}'ode[i!mustde nethecommand\external@fonttocontain5the>externalnameandanyscalingoptions(ifpresent)forthefonttobGeloaded.5ThisUUexamplesetsupthe`empty'sizefunction(simpli ed):C,\DeclareSizeFunction{} hr{\edef\external@font{\mandatory@arg\spaceat\f@size}'M55MLEncos3dingsݱ5This+sectionexplainshowtodeclareandusenewfontencoGdingsandhowto5declareUUcommandsforusewithparticularencoGdings.!𿍍55.1SThe;kAH cmssbx10fontencpack@agekꍑ5UserscanselectnewfontencoGdingsusingthefontencpackqage.;Thefontenc5packqagehasoptionsforencoGdings;ϋthelastoptionbecomesthedefaultencoding.5F*oro=example,utousetheOT2(WashingtonUniversityo=CyrillicencoGding)andT15encoGdings,UUwithT1asthedefault,anauthortypes:C,\usepackage[OT2,T1]{fontenc}5Thispackqageloadstheenc}'odingvde nition lesh3(hENCsiGenc.def les)foreach5fontencoGdinghENCsi& Mgivenasanoptionbutnotalreadydeclared;italsosets5\encodingdefaultUUtobGethelastencodingintheoptionlist.5L5ffA͉TU>'ExXCcurrentlyprede nestheOT1andT1textencoGdings,zandprovidesthe les5OT1enc.defbaandT1enc.def.OtherencoGdingset-upsmightbeaddedtothe5distributionUUatalaterstage.5Thus theexampleabGoveloadsthe leOT2enc.defandsets\encodingdefault5toUUT1.5Note:IfyouwishtouseT1-encoGdedfontsotherthanthe`cmr'familythenyou5may]needtoloadthepackqage(e.g.times)thatselectsthefontsb}'eforeMloading5fontenc1(thisprevents1thesystemfromattemptingtoloadanyT1-encoGded5fontsUUfromthe`cmr'family).!𿍍55.2SEnco`dingde nition leskꍑ5W arning:*cSomeaspGectsofthecontentsoffontde nition lesarestillun-5derdevelopment.3Therefore,thecurrentversionsofthe lesOT1enc.defand19֠so5T1enc.def8aretempGoraryversionsandshouldnotbeusedasmodelsforpro- 5ducing-furthersuch les.BF*orfurtherinformationyoushouldreadthedoGcumen-5tationUUinltoutenc.dtx.5ThedeclarationsintheencoGdingde nition leareresponsiblefordeclaringthe5encoGdingUUandtellingL5ffA͉TU>'ExXhowtoproducecharactersinthisencoding.5TheθhENCsi"8enc.defβ lesshouldcontainonlycommandsfromthissection.K3As5with1thefontde nition lecommands,iitisalsopGossible(althoughnormally5notUUnecessary)tousethesedeclarationsdirectlywithinaclassorpackqage le.o@ff>ڟ1ͤLτ ffΟ1\ProvidesFile{h le-name i,D}[hrelease-info'i56]͡ ff5ff>ڎ阍5ThehENCsi#nJenc.def leshouldannounceitselfwitha\ProvidesFilecom-5mand,UUdescribGedinL雍QATKß'E-X2",:forClassandPackageWriters.qF*orUUexample:C,\ProvidesFile{OT2enc.def} `[1994/06/01WashingtonUniversityCyrillicencoding]@ff03c1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareFontEncodingT{hencodingUi*x}{htext-settingsi8}{hmath-settingsi=a}͡ ff5ff03c阍5DeclaresUUanewencoGdingschemehenc}'oding}i1N.5The'htext-settings!iB/are'declarationswhichareexecutedeverytime\selectfont5changesUUtheencoGdingtobehenc}'oding}i1N.5The5hmath-settings!iIare5similarbutareformathalphabGets.gTheyareexecuted5wheneverUUamathalphabGetwiththisencodingiscalled.5SpaceswithintheargumentsareignoredtoavoidsurplusspacesinthedoGcu-5ment.qIfUUarealspaceisnecessaryuse\space.5Example:C,\DeclareFontEncoding{OT1}{}{}5Someyauthorcommandsneedtochangetheirde nitiondepGendingonwhich5encoGdingiscurrentlyinuse.oF*orexample,[intheOT1encoding,[theletter`'5isinslot"1D,whereasintheT1encoGdingitisinslot"C6.ʪSothede nition5of \AEhastochangedepGendingonwhetherthecurrentencoGdingisOT1orT1.5TheUUfollowingcommandsallowthistohappGen.o@ffR v1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextCommandT{hcmdpi`}{hencodingUi*x}[hnum9ib][hdefaulti"M]{hde nition9i-}͡ ff5ffR v阍5ThisEcommandislike\newcommand,HQexceptthatitde nesacommandwhichis5spGeci cbtooneencoding.F*orexample,ethede nitionof\kintheT1encoding5is:>s,\DeclareTextCommand{\k}{T1}[1] L{\oalign{\null#1\crcr\hidewidth\char12}}20so5\DeclareTextCommandsUUtakesthesameoptionalargumentsas\newcommand.5TheUUresultingcommandisrobust,evenifthecoGdeinhde nitionci8[isfragile.5ItEdoGesnotproduceanerrorifthecommandhasalreadybeende nedbutlogs 5theUUrede nitioninthetranscript le.o@ffR v1ͤLτ ffΟ1\ProvideTextCommandT{hcmdpi`}{hencodingUi*x}[hnum9ib][hdefaulti"M]{hde nition9i-}͡ ff5ffR vNewTfeature 1994/12/01阍5ThisMcommandisthesameas\DeclareTextCommand,! exceptthatifhcmdi"Ȳis5alreadyUUde nedinencoGdinghenc}'oding}i1N,thenthede nitionisignored.@ff߽T1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextSymbolT{hcmdpi`}{hencodingUi*x}{hsloti}͡ ff5ff߽T阍5This1commandde nesatextsymbGolwithslothslotظi!;intheencoding. 3ZF*or5example,UUthede nitionof\ssintheOT1encoGdingis:C,\DeclareTextSymbol{\ss}{OT1}{25}5ItEdoGesnotproduceanerrorifthecommandhasalreadybeende nedbutlogs5theUUrede nitioninthetranscript le.@ff߽T1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextAccentT{hcmdpi`}{hencodingUi*x}{hsloti}͡ ff5ff߽T阍5ThisRcommanddeclaresatextaccent,S withtheaccenttakenfromslothslotظirin5theUUencoGding.qF*orexample,thede nitionof\"intheOT1encodingis:C,\DeclareTextAccent{\"}{OT1}{127}5ItEdoGesnotproduceanerrorifthecommandhasalreadybeende nedbutlogs5theUUrede nitioninthetranscript le.@ff1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextCompositeT{hcmdpi`}{hencodingUi*x}{hletteri*}{hsloti}͡ ff5ff阍5ThisxcommanddeclaresthatthecompGositeletterformedfromapplyinghcmdi5to6hletteri$is6de nedtobGesimplyslothslotظi"Eintheencoding.8Thehletteri$should5bGeUUasingleletter(suchasa)orasinglecommand(suchas\i).5F*or]example,thede nitionof\'{a}intheT1encoGdingcouldbedeclaredlike5this:C,\DeclareTextComposite{\'}{T1}{a}{225}5Theޫhcmdi pwillޫnormallyhaveޫbGeenpreviouslydeclaredforthisencoding,geither5withfusing\DeclareTextAccent,0orasaone-argument\DeclareTextCommand.@ffP1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextCompositeCommandT{hcmdpi`}{hencodingUi*x}{hletteri*}{hde nition9i-}͡ ff5ffPNewTfeature 1994/12/01阍5Thisisamoregeneralformof\DeclareTextComposite,Kwhichallowsforan5arbitraryChde nitionci4s,znotCjustahslotظi.AThemainuseforthisistoallowaccents5onUUitoactlikeaccentson\i,forexample:21soC,\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\'}{OT1}{i}{\'\i}5ItUUhasthesamerestrictionsas\DeclareTextComposite.!655.3SDefaultde nitionsuT5ThecommandsinhENCsi!+enc.def lesallowencoGding-speci ccommandstobGeNew description1994/12/01 5de ned,buttheydonotallowcommandstobGeusedinotherencodings.;0F*or5example,GtheCOMSCencoGdingcontainsthesymbGol`x',GbutweneedtobGeableto5useUUthecommand\SinanyencoGding,notjustOMS.5T*oUallowthis,"L5ffA͉TU>'ExXhascommandsforgivingdefaultde nitionsforcommands,5whichpXareusedwhenthecommandisnotde nedinthecurrentencoGding.F*or5example,;thesdefaultencoGdingfor\SisOMS,andsoinanencoding(such5as:OT1)whichdoGesnotcontain\S,theOMS:qversionisselected.!Butinan5encoGding(suchasT1)whichdoGescontain\S,theversionforthatencoGdingis5used.5Note:_These"$commandsshouldnotoGccurinhENCsi"kenc.def les,UXsincethese5shouldlonlyde necommandsforthatencoGding.VzTheyshouldinsteadbeplaced5inUUpackqages.o@ff{H1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextCommandDefaultT{hcmdpi`}{hde nition9i-}͡ ff5ff{HNewTfeature 1994/12/01阍5This^^commandallowsanencoGding-speci c^^commandtobGegivenadefaultdef-5inition.˙F*orțexample,lthedefaultde nitionfor\copyrightisde nedbGebea5circledUU`c'with:C,\DeclareTextCommandDefault{\copyright}{\textcircled{c}}"affN 1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextAccentDefaultT{hcmdpi`}{hencodingUi*x}͡ ff ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextSymbolDefaultT{hcmdpi`}{hencodingUi*x}͡ ff5ffN NewTfeature 1994/12/01ō5ThesecommandsallowanencoGding-speci ccommandtobGegivenadefault5encoGding.YF*orexample,thedefaultencodingfor\"and\aeissettobeOT15by:C,\DeclareTextAccentDefault{\"}{OT1} C,\DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\ae}{OT1}5Note~?that\DeclareTextAccentDefaultcanbGeusedonanyone-argument5encoGding-speci c(command,]notjustthosede nedwith\DeclareTextAccent.5Similarly*,2\DeclareTextSymbolDefaultcanbGeusedonanyencoding-speci c5command!withnoarguments,_notjustthosede nedwith\DeclareTextSymbol.5F*orUUmoreexamplesofthesede nitions,seeltoutenc.dtx.o@ff{H1ͤLτ ffΟ1\ProvideTextCommandDefaultT{hcmdpi`}{hde nition9i-}͡ ff5ff{HNewTfeature1994/12/0122!hso5Thiscommandisthesameas\DeclareTextCommandDefault,exceptthatifthe 5commandialreadyhasadefaultde nition,thenthede nitionisignored.@Thisis5usefulntogive`faked'de nitionsofsymbGolswhichmaybGegiven`real'de nitions5byotherpackqages. kF*orexample,h(apackqagemightgiveafakede nitionof5\textonequarterUUbysaying:]C,\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\textonequarter}{$\m@th\frac14$} ꕍ55.4SEnco`dingdefaultso@ffz1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareFontEncodingDefaultsT{htext-settingsi8}{hmath-settingsi=a}͡ ff5ffz阍5Declaresnhtext-settings!iB~andnhmath-settings!iHTٲfornallencoGdingschemes.IzTheseare5executedbGeforetheencodingschemedependentonesareexecutedsothatone5canusethedefaultsforthema8jorcasesandoverwritethemifnecessaryusing5\DeclareFontEncoding.?S5If \relaxisusedasanargument,thecurrentsettingofthisdefaultisleft5unchanged.5Thisexampleisusedbyamsfonts.styforaccentpGositioning;itchangesonlythe5mathUUsettings:]C,\DeclareFontEncodingDefaults{\relax}{\def\accentclass@{7}}o@ff71ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareFontSubstitutionT{hencodingUi*x}{hfamilyUi }{hseriesiH}{hshape i}͡ ff5ff7阍5Declares CthedefaultvqaluesforfontsubstitutionwhichwillbGeusedwhenafont5withvencoGdinghenc}'oding}i5Vshouldbeloadedbutnofontcanbefoundwiththe5currentUUattributes.5TheseLsubstitutionsareloGcaltotheencodingschemebecausetheencoding5schemeisneversubstituted!~ETheyaretriedintheorderhshap}'e[i'gthenhseries!i5andUU nallyhfamily}i&;.5IfJnodefaultsaresetupforanencoGding,thevqaluesgivenby\DeclareErrorFont5areUUused.5ThefontspGeci cationforhenc}'oding}i0hfamily}iTchseries!iu[hshap}'e[iwmusthavebGeende-5 nedUUby\DeclareFontShapebGeforethe\begin{document}isreached.5Example:]C,\DeclareFontSubstitution{T1}{cmr}{m}{n} ꕍ55.5SCasechanging( ffqah1ͤLτ ffΟ1\MakeUppercaseT{htexti}͡ ff ͤLτ ffΟ1\MakeLowercaseT{htexti}͡ ff5ffqahō5TU>'ExX,providesthetwoprimitives\uppercaseand\lowercaseforchangingtheNewTfeature 1995/06/0123.Bso5caseloftext.!Unfortunately*,theseTU>'ExXprimitivesdonotchangethecaseof 5charactersGaccessedbycommandslike\aeor\aa.T*oovercomethisproblem,5L5ffA͉TU>'ExXUUprovidesthesetwocommands.5Inthelongrun,ҳwewouldliketouseall-capsfontsratherthananycommand5like%\MakeUppercasebutthisisnotpGossibleatthemomentbGecausesuchfonts5doUUnotexist.5F*orUUfurtherdetails,seeclsguide.tex.5InZorderthatuppGer/lower-casingZwillworkreasonablywell,andinordertoNew description1995/12/015provideRanycorrecthyphenation,QL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"-0Mmust*use,QthroughoutadoGcument,5the|osame xedtableforchangingcase.Thetableusedisdesignedforthefont5encoGdingT1;JthisworkswellwiththestandardTU>'ExXfontsforallLatinalphabGets5butUUwillcauseproblemswhenusingotheralphabGets.'č56MLMiscellanea5ThissectioncoverstheremainingfontcommandsinL5ffA͉TU>'ExXandsomeother5issues.!656.1SFontsubstitutiono@ff9ߟ1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareErrorFontT{hencodingUi*x}{hfamilyUi }{hseriesiH}{hshape i}{hsize ii}͡ ff5ff9ߎ阍5Declareshenc}'oding}i2Khfamily}iU1hseries!ivգhshap}'e[itobGethefontshapeusedincases5whereݞthestandardsubstitutionmechanismfails(i.e.wouldloGop). F*orthe5standardUUmechanismseethecommand\DeclareFontSubstitutionabGove.5ThefontspGeci cationforhenc}'oding}i0hfamily}iTchseries!iu[hshap}'e[iwmusthavebGeende-5 nedUUby\DeclareFontShapebGeforethe\begin{document}isreached.5Example:C,\DeclareErrorFont{OT1}{cmr}{m}{n}{10}o@ffD 1ͤLτ ffΟ1\fontsubfuzz͡ ff5ffD 阍5ThisparameterisusedtodecidewhetherornottoproGduceaterminalwarning5ifafontsizesubstitutiontakesplace.(Ifthedi erencebGetweentherequested5andthechosensizeislessthan\fontsubfuzzthewarningisonlywrittento5theTtranscript le.aThedefaultvqalueis0.4pt.ThiscanbGerede nedwith5\renewcommand,UUforexample:C,\renewcommand{\fontsubfuzz}{0pt},%alwayswarn24:Cso56.2SPreloadingo@ffVL1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclarePreloadSizesT{hencodingUi*x}{hfamilyUi }{hseriesiH}{hshape i}{hsize-listi&}͡ ff5ffVL阍5SpGeci escthefontsthatshouldbepreloadedbytheformat.9Thesecommands 5shouldעbGeputinapreload.cfg le,5whichisreadinwhentheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXformat5is^WbGeingbuilt.Readpreload.dtxformoreinformationonhowtobuiltsucha5con gurationUU le.5Example:C,\DeclarePreloadSizes{OT1}{cmr}{m}{sl}{10,10.95,12}!656.3SAccentedcharactersuT5AccentedcharactersinL5ffA͉TU>'ExXcanbGeproducedusingcommandssuchas\"aetc.New description1996/06/015TheZprecisee ectofsuchcommandsdepGendsonthefontencoGdingbeingused.5WhenGusingafontencoGdingthatcontainstheaccentedcharactersasindividual5glyphs(suchastheT1encoGding,0inthecaseof\"a)wordsthatcontainsuch5accentedmcharacterscanbGeautomaticallyhyphenated.nF*orfontencoGdingsthat5donotcontaintherequestedindividualglyph(suchastheOT1encoGding)sucha5commandSinvokestypGesettinginstructionsthatproducetheaccentedcharacter5as+acombinationofcharacterglyphsanddiacriticalmarksinthefont.cInmost5casesVthisinvolvesVacalltotheTU>'ExXprimitive\accent.uGlyphsconstructed5as compGositesinthisway inhibithyphenationofthecurrentword;dthisisone5reasonwhytheT1encoGdingispreferabletotheoriginalTU>'ExXfontencoGdingOT1.5ItisimpGortanttounderstandthatcommandslike\"ainL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"*representjust5a5nameforasingleglyph(inthiscase`umlauta')andcontainnoinformation5abGouthowtotypGesetthatglyph|thusitdoGesnotҲmean`puttwodotsontopof5thecharactera'.NThedecisionastowhattypGesettingroutinetousewilldepend5onptheencoGdingofthecurrentfontandsothisdecisionistakenatthelast5minute.qIndeed,TitTispGossiblethatthesameinputwillbetypesetinmorethan5oneeZwayinthesamedoGcument;m]forexample,i\textinsectionheadingsmayalso5appGear~intableofcontents~andinrunningheads;Aandeachofthesemayusea5fontUUwithadi erentencoGding.5F*orUUthisreasonthenotation\"aisnotH-equivqalentto:>s,\newcommand\chara{a}\"\chara5InPthelattercase,L5ffA͉TU>'ExXdoGesnotexpandthemacro\charabutsimplycompares5thenotation(thestring\"\chara)toitslistofknowncompGositenotationsin5the3dcurrentencoGding;>whenitfailsto nd\"\charaitdoesthebestitcanand5invokesthetypGesettinginstructionsthatputtheumlautaccentontopofthe5expansion{Mof\chara.)Thus,even{Mifthefontactuallycontains`a'asanindividual5glyph,UUitwillnotbGeused.5Thelow-levelaccentcommandsinL5ffA͉TU>'ExXarede nedinsuchawaythatitis5pGossibletocombineadiacriticalmarkfromonefontwithaglyphfromanother25Eso5font;forzexample,\"\textparagraphwillproGduce;$\q{.P)Theumlauthereistaken 5fromrStheOT1encoGdedfontcmr10whilsttheparagraphsignisfromtheOMS5encoGdedfontcmsy10.l(ThisexamplemaybGetypGographicallysillybutbetter5oneswouldinvolvefontencoGdingslikeOT2(Cyrillic)thatmightnotbGeavqailable5atUUeverysite.)5There65are,'ExXnicalinthe5sense0thattheyfollowfromthewaythatTU>'ExX's\accentprimitiveworks,Pgal-5lowingonlyaspGecialclassofcommandsbetweentheaccentandtheaccented5character.5Thefollowingareexamplesofcommandsthatwillnotworkcorrectlyas5the-accentwillappGearabove-aspace:"thefontcommandswithtextargu-5mentsT(\textbf{...}andfriends);'ExX3pro8jectreservestheuseofencodingsstartingwithNT(standard256-longtextencoGdings),M(standard256-longmathencoGd-Nings),SS(standard256-longsymbGolencodings),SOT(standard128-longtextNencoGdings)andOMС(standard128-longmathencodings).EPleasedonotuseNtheabGovestartinglettersfornon-pGortableencodings.IfnewstandardNencoGdingUUemergethenweshalladdtheminalaterreleaseofL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.NEncoGdingUUschemeswhichareloGcaltoasiteshouldstartwithL.DNF*ontXfamilynamesshouldcontainupto velowercaseletters.{WhereNpGossible,ֶtheseshouldconformtotheFilenamesforfonts[IJfontnamingNscheme.DNF*ontUUseriesnamesshouldcontainuptofourlowercaseletters.DNF*ontUUshapGesshouldcontainuptotwoletterslowercase.DNNamesforsymbGolfontsarebuiltfromloweranduppGercaseletterswithNnoUUrestriction.26Tso5WhenevermpGossible,youshouldusetheseriesandshapGenamessuggestedin 5TheHL雍QATKß'E-XComp}'anionsinceB-thiswillmakeiteasiertocombinenewfontswith5existingUUfonts.5Where)pGossible,textsymbolsshouldbenamedas\textfollowed)bytheAdobGeNew description1994/12/015glyph{name:Zforexample\textonequarteror\textsterling.6Similarly*,math5symbGols-shouldbenamedas\mathfollowed-bytheglyphname,Pcforexample5\mathonequarter!or\mathsterling.`CommandswhichcanbGeusedintextor5mathUUcanthenbGede nedusing\ifmmode,forexample:C,\DeclareRobustCommand{\pounds}{% QY\ifmmode\mathsterling\else\textsterling\fiC,}5Notethatcommandsde nedinthiswaymustbGerobust,incasetheygetput 5intoUUasectiontitleorothermovingargument.'č57MLIfffyouneedtoknowmore.3..5The#tracefntpackqageprovidesfortracingtheactionsconcernedwithloading,Newdescription1996/06/015substitutingUUandusingfonts.qThepackqageacceptsthefollowingoptions:5errorsho9wkڲW*riteallinformationabGoutfontchanges,etc.butonlytothetran-Nscript& leunlessanerroroGccurs.b-ThismeansthatinformationaboutfontNsubstitutionUUwillnotbGeshownontheterminal.5w9arningshowz Showallfontwarningsontheterminal.@Thissettingcorre-NspGonds2tothedefaultbehaviourwhenthistracefntpackqageisnot%Ѳused!5infosho9weShow ~allfontwarningsandallfontinfomessages(thatarenormallyNonlywrittentothetranscript le)alsoontheterminal.9ThisisthedefaultNwhenUUthistracefntpackqageisloaded.5debugsho9wp+Inadditiontowhatisshownbyinfoshow,showalsochangesofNmathݤfonts(asfaraspGossible):dbeware,thisݤoptioncanproGducealargeNamountUUofoutput.5loading^AShow thenamesofexternalfont leswhentheyareloaded.ThisNoption7showsonly`newlyloaded'fonts,=notthosealreadypreloadedintheNformatUUortheclass lebGeforethistracefntpackqagebecomesactive.5pausing`'ExXwillstop.5W*arning:the\actionsofthispackqagecanchangethelayoutofadoGcumentand5even,inCrarecases,proGduceclearlywrongoutput,soitshouldnotbGeusedin5theUU nalformattingof`realdoGcuments'.27bso5References5[1]D;MichelRGoGossens,6F*rankMittelbachandAlexanderSamarin.5TheL雍QATKß'E-X D;Comp}'anion.nAddison-W*esley,UUReading,Massachusetts,UU1994.5[2]D;DonaldE.Knuth.#TypGesettingconcretemathematics.TUGb}'oat,510(1):31{D;36,UUApril1989.5[3]D;LeslieeLampGort.L雍QATKß'E-X:ADo}'cumentPreparationSystem.Addison-W*esley,D;Reading,UUMassachusetts,secondedition,1994.28n; ;kAH cmssbx107ow cmss9.j cmti9- cmsy9+ߤN cmtt9*o cmr9)t}\cmti7#DF cmmib10!2@cmbx8 N cmbx12': cmti10 cmmi10K`y cmr10ٓRcmr7u cmex10q