%!PS-Adobe-2.0
%%BeginResource: font lsunr00
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: LucidaSansUnicode00 0.9
%%CreationDate: 1994 Jun 04 09:53:35
% Lucida is a registered trademark of Bigelow & Holmes Inc.
% NOTE:  This is a partial font in Adobe Type 1 format.
% The complete font in fully hinted ATM compatible form is available from Y&Y
% (508) 371-3286 USA, email: tech-help@YandY.com, http://www.YandY.com
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
/version (0.9) readonly def
/Notice ((C) 1991, 1993 Bigelow & Holmes Inc.  Pat. Des.  289,420. All rights reserved.) readonly def
/Notice ((C) 1994 Y&Y Inc. All rights reserved.) readonly def
/FullName (Lucida Sans Unicode 00) readonly def
/FamilyName (LucidaSansUnicode) readonly def
/Weight (Normal) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
/UnderlinePosition -100 def
/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
/FontName /LucidaSansUnicode00 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 100 /0064 put
dup 101 /0065 put
dup 102 /0066 put
dup 103 /0067 put
dup 104 /0068 put
dup 105 /0069 put
dup 106 /006a put
dup 107 /006b put
dup 108 /006c put
dup 109 /006d put
dup 110 /006e put
dup 111 /006f put
dup 112 /0070 put
dup 113 /0071 put
dup 114 /0072 put
dup 115 /0073 put
dup 116 /0074 put
dup 117 /0075 put
dup 118 /0076 put
dup 119 /0077 put
dup 120 /0078 put
dup 121 /0079 put
dup 122 /007a put
dup 123 /007b put
dup 124 /007c put
dup 125 /007d put
dup 126 /007e put
dup 163 /00a3 put
dup 167 /00a7 put
dup 169 /00a9 put
dup 173 /00ad put
dup 174 /00ae put
dup 176 /00b0 put
dup 177 /00b1 put
dup 180 /00b4 put
dup 181 /00b5 put
dup 182 /00b6 put
dup 185 /00b9 put
dup 186 /00ba put
dup 188 /00bc put
dup 189 /00bd put
dup 191 /00bf put
dup 198 /00c6 put
dup 215 /00d7 put
dup 223 /00df put
dup 231 /00e7 put
dup 233 /00e9 put
dup 237 /00ed put
dup 239 /00ef put
dup 241 /00f1 put
dup 247 /00f7 put
dup 252 /00fc put
dup 32 /0020 put
dup 33 /0021 put
dup 34 /0022 put
dup 35 /0023 put
dup 36 /0024 put
dup 37 /0025 put
dup 38 /0026 put
dup 40 /0028 put
dup 41 /0029 put
dup 42 /002a put
dup 43 /002b put
dup 44 /002c put
dup 45 /002d put
dup 46 /002e put
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dup 48 /0030 put
dup 49 /0031 put
dup 50 /0032 put
dup 51 /0033 put
dup 52 /0034 put
dup 53 /0035 put
dup 54 /0036 put
dup 55 /0037 put
dup 56 /0038 put
dup 57 /0039 put
dup 58 /003a put
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dup 60 /003c put
dup 61 /003d put
dup 62 /003e put
dup 63 /003f put
dup 65 /0041 put
dup 66 /0042 put
dup 67 /0043 put
dup 68 /0044 put
dup 69 /0045 put
dup 70 /0046 put
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dup 72 /0048 put
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dup 74 /004a put
dup 75 /004b put
dup 76 /004c put
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dup 78 /004e put
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dup 80 /0050 put
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dup 85 /0055 put
dup 86 /0056 put
dup 87 /0057 put
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dup 89 /0059 put
dup 90 /005a put
dup 91 /005b put
dup 92 /005c put
dup 93 /005d put
dup 95 /005f put
dup 96 /0060 put
dup 97 /0061 put
dup 98 /0062 put
dup 99 /0063 put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-90 -211 977 1005}readonly def
%/UniqueID 5054500 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndResource
%%BeginResource: font lsunr03
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: LucidaSansUnicode03 0.9
%%CreationDate: 1994 Jun 04 09:58:17
% Lucida is a registered trademark of Bigelow & Holmes Inc.
% NOTE:  This is a partial font in Adobe Type 1 format.
% The complete font in fully hinted ATM compatible form is available from Y&Y
% (508) 371-3286 USA, email: tech-help@YandY.com, http://www.YandY.com
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
/version (0.9) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1993 Bigelow & Holmes Inc. Pat. Des. 289,420. All rights reserved.) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1994 Y&Y Inc. All rights reserved.) readonly def
/FullName (Lucida Sans Unicode 03) readonly def
/FamilyName (LucidaSansUnicode) readonly def
/Weight (Normal) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
/UnderlinePosition -100 def
/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
/FontName /LucidaSansUnicode03 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 148 /0394 put
dup 154 /039a put
dup 166 /03a6 put
dup 173 /03ad put
dup 177 /03b1 put
dup 178 /03b2 put
dup 180 /03b4 put
dup 181 /03b5 put
dup 183 /03b7 put
dup 186 /03ba put
dup 187 /03bb put
dup 188 /03bc put
dup 192 /03c0 put
dup 193 /03c1 put
dup 195 /03c3 put
dup 196 /03c4 put
dup 199 /03c7 put
dup 204 /03cc put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-615 -440 726 1024}readonly def
%/UniqueID 5054503 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndResource
%%BeginResource: font lsunr04
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: LucidaSansUnicode04 0.9
%%CreationDate: 1994 Jun 04 09:58:28
% Lucida is a registered trademark of Bigelow & Holmes Inc.
% NOTE:  This is a partial font in Adobe Type 1 format.
% The complete font in fully hinted ATM compatible form is available from Y&Y
% (508) 371-3286 USA, email: tech-help@YandY.com, http://www.YandY.com
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
/version (0.9) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1993 Bigelow & Holmes Inc. Pat. Des. 289,420. All rights reserved.) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1994 Y&Y Inc. All rights reserved.) readonly def
/FullName (Lucida Sans Unicode 04) readonly def
/FamilyName (LucidaSansUnicode) readonly def
/Weight (Normal) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
/UnderlinePosition -100 def
/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
/FontName /LucidaSansUnicode04 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 57 /0439 put
dup 74 /044a put
dup 76 /044c put
dup 79 /044f put
dup 81 /0451 put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-90 -211 1024 940}readonly def
%/UniqueID 5054504 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndResource
%%BeginResource: font lsunr20
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: LucidaSansUnicode20 0.9
%%CreationDate: 1994 Jun 04 10:00:12
% Lucida is a registered trademark of Bigelow & Holmes Inc.
% NOTE:  This is a partial font in Adobe Type 1 format.
% The complete font in fully hinted ATM compatible form is available from Y&Y
% (508) 371-3286 USA, email: tech-help@YandY.com, http://www.YandY.com
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
/version (0.9) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1993 Bigelow & Holmes Inc. Pat. Des. 289,420. All rights reserved.) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1994 Y&Y Inc. All rights reserved.) readonly def
/FullName (Lucida Sans Unicode 20) readonly def
/FamilyName (LucidaSansUnicode) readonly def
/Weight (Normal) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
/UnderlinePosition -100 def
/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
/FontName /LucidaSansUnicode20 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 19 /2013 put
dup 20 /2014 put
dup 24 /2018 put
dup 25 /2019 put
dup 32 /2020 put
dup 33 /2021 put
dup 34 /2022 put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-615 -440 726 1024}readonly def
%/UniqueID 5054520 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndResource
%%BeginResource: font lsunr21
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: LucidaSansUnicode21 0.9
%%CreationDate: 1994 Jun 04 10:04:24
% Lucida is a registered trademark of Bigelow & Holmes Inc.
% NOTE:  This is a partial font in Adobe Type 1 format.
% The complete font in fully hinted ATM compatible form is available from Y&Y
% (508) 371-3286 USA, email: tech-help@YandY.com, http://www.YandY.com
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
/version (0.9) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1993 Bigelow & Holmes Inc. Pat. Des. 289,420. All rights reserved.) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1994 Y&Y Inc. All rights reserved.) readonly def
/FullName (Lucida Sans Unicode 21) readonly def
/FamilyName (LucidaSansUnicode) readonly def
/Weight (Normal) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
/UnderlinePosition -100 def
/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
/FontName /LucidaSansUnicode21 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 144 /2190 put
dup 145 /2191 put
dup 146 /2192 put
dup 147 /2193 put
dup 34 /2122 put
dup 49 /2131 put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-30 -325 1384 883}readonly def
%/UniqueID 5054521 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndResource
%%BeginResource: font lsunr22
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: LucidaSansUnicode22 0.9
%%CreationDate: 1994 Jun 04 10:23:13
% Lucida is a registered trademark of Bigelow & Holmes Inc.
% NOTE:  This is a partial font in Adobe Type 1 format.
% The complete font in fully hinted ATM compatible form is available from Y&Y
% (508) 371-3286 USA, email: tech-help@YandY.com, http://www.YandY.com
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
/version (0.9) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1993 Bigelow & Holmes Inc. Pat. Des. 289,420. All rights reserved.) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1994 Y&Y Inc. All rights reserved.) readonly def
/FullName (Lucida Sans Unicode 22) readonly def
/FamilyName (LucidaSansUnicode) readonly def
/Weight (Normal) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
/UnderlinePosition -100 def
/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
/FontName /LucidaSansUnicode22 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 100 /2264 put
dup 102 /2266 put
dup 103 /2267 put
dup 130 /2282 put
dup 131 /2283 put
dup 134 /2286 put
dup 135 /2287 put
dup 41 /2229 put
dup 42 /222a put
dup 43 /222b put
dup 67 /2243 put
dup 96 /2260 put
dup 97 /2261 put
dup 23 /2217 put
dup 25 /2219 put
dup 26 /221a put
dup 29 /221d put
dup 30 /221e put
dup 2 /2202 put
dup 5 /2205 put
dup 7 /2207 put
readonly def
/FontBBox{84 -166 1060 898}readonly def
%/UniqueID 5054522 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndResource
%%BeginResource: font lsunr25
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: LucidaSansUnicode25 0.9
%%CreationDate: 1994 Jun 04 10:42:59
% Lucida is a registered trademark of Bigelow & Holmes Inc.
% NOTE:  This is a partial font in Adobe Type 1 format.
% The complete font in fully hinted ATM compatible form is available from Y&Y
% (508) 371-3286 USA, email: tech-help@YandY.com, http://www.YandY.com
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
/version (0.9) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1993 Bigelow & Holmes Inc. Pat. Des. 289,420. All rights reserved.) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1994 Y&Y Inc. All rights reserved.) readonly def
/FullName (Lucida Sans Unicode 25) readonly def
/FamilyName (LucidaSansUnicode) readonly def
/Weight (Normal) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
/UnderlinePosition -100 def
/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
/FontName /LucidaSansUnicode25 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 161 /25a1 put
dup 202 /25ca put
dup 203 /25cb put
dup 230 /25e6 put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-26 -236 1026 815}readonly def
%/UniqueID 5054525 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndResource
%%BeginResource: font lsi
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: LucidaSans-Italic 1.001
%%CreationDate: 1993 Aug 11 21:10:09
% Lucida is a registered trademark of Bigelow & Holmes Inc.
% NOTE:  This is a partial font in Adobe Type 1 format.
% The complete font in fully hinted ATM compatible form is available from Y&Y
% (508) 371-3286 USA, email: tech-help@YandY.com, http://www.YandY.com
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
/version (1.001) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1992 Bigelow & Holmes Inc. Pat. Des. 289,421. All rights reserved.) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1992 by Y&Y Inc. All Rights Reserved.) readonly def
/FullName (Lucida Sans Italic) readonly def
/FamilyName (LucidaSans) readonly def
/Weight (Normal) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -11.3 def
/isFixedPitch false def
/UnderlinePosition -100 def
/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
/FontName /LucidaSans-Italic def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 54 /Aditi put
dup 39 /Alessio put
dup 41 /Ali put
dup 43 /Alois put
dup 173 /Ammar put
dup 47 /Andre put
dup 49 /Andrzej put
dup 51 /Angelika put
dup 53 /Anton put
dup 55 /Ari put
dup 33 /Arne put
dup 59 /Art put
dup 61 /Ayman put
dup 63 /Barry put
dup 65 /Bent put
dup 67 /Blair put
dup 69 /Bonnie put
dup 71 /Brian put
dup 73 /Burkhard put
dup 75 /Castor put
dup 77 /Charles put
dup 79 /Chi put
dup 81 /Christian put
dup 83 /Christoph put
dup 85 /Chuck put
dup 87 /Clovis put
dup 96 /Curt put
dup 89 /Cyrus put
dup 234 /Glen put
dup 189 /Heinz put
dup 56 /Jacqueline put
dup 57 /Jagannatha put
dup 58 /Jan put
dup 60 /Jason put
dup 32 /Jeff put
dup 62 /Jerzy put
dup 34 /Jim put
dup 64 /Jiri put
dup 36 /Joe put
dup 66 /Joel put
dup 38 /Johan put
dup 68 /John put
dup 40 /Johnnie put
dup 70 /Jon put
dup 42 /Jonas put
dup 72 /Jonathan put
dup 44 /Jorgen put
dup 74 /Jose put
dup 46 /Josh put
dup 76 /Juan put
dup 48 /Justin put
dup 78 /Kamal put
dup 50 /Karl put
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dup 82 /Kees put
dup 84 /Keith put
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dup 110 /Malka put
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dup 113 /Saul put
dup 115 /Saulius put
dup 117 /Scott put
dup 119 /Sean put
dup 121 /Sebastian put
dup 215 /Wilfred put
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readonly def
/FontBBox{-250 -211 1099 967}readonly def
%/UniqueID 5029007 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndResource
%%BeginResource: font lsd
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: LucidaSans-Demi 1.001
%%CreationDate: 1993 Aug 11 21:10:03
% Lucida is a registered trademark of Bigelow & Holmes Inc.
% NOTE:  This is a partial font in Adobe Type 1 format.
% The complete font in fully hinted ATM compatible form is available from Y&Y
% (508) 371-3286 USA, email: tech-help@YandY.com, http://www.YandY.com
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
/version (1.001) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1992 Bigelow & Holmes Inc. All rights reserved. ) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1992 by Y&Y Inc. All Rights Reserved.) readonly def
/FullName (Lucida Sans Demibold) readonly def
/FamilyName (LucidaSans) readonly def
/Weight (Demibold) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
/UnderlinePosition -100 def
/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
/FontName /LucidaSans-Demi def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 54 /Aditi put
dup 39 /Alessio put
dup 41 /Ali put
dup 47 /Andre put
dup 49 /Andrzej put
dup 51 /Angelika put
dup 53 /Anton put
dup 55 /Ari put
dup 65 /Bent put
dup 67 /Blair put
dup 69 /Bonnie put
dup 71 /Brian put
dup 73 /Burkhard put
dup 75 /Castor put
dup 77 /Charles put
dup 79 /Chi put
dup 81 /Christian put
dup 83 /Christoph put
dup 85 /Chuck put
dup 87 /Clovis put
dup 89 /Cyrus put
dup 189 /Heinz put
dup 56 /Jacqueline put
dup 57 /Jagannatha put
dup 58 /Jan put
dup 32 /Jeff put
dup 66 /Joel put
dup 38 /Johan put
dup 68 /John put
dup 40 /Johnnie put
dup 70 /Jon put
dup 72 /Jonathan put
dup 44 /Jorgen put
dup 74 /Jose put
dup 46 /Josh put
dup 76 /Juan put
dup 48 /Justin put
dup 78 /Kamal put
dup 50 /Karl put
dup 80 /Karlheinz put
dup 52 /Kaspar put
dup 82 /Kees put
dup 84 /Keith put
dup 86 /Kenchi put
dup 88 /Kettleson put
dup 90 /Kieran put
dup 98 /Lalu put
dup 100 /Leon put
dup 102 /Louis put
dup 104 /Luc put
dup 106 /Lunjin put
dup 110 /Malka put
dup 112 /Manuel put
dup 108 /Marcy put
dup 114 /Mariusz put
dup 116 /Martin put
dup 118 /Masahiro put
dup 120 /Matt put
dup 122 /Maurizio put
dup 121 /Sebastian put
dup 97 /Roger put
dup 99 /Ron put
dup 101 /Rudi put
dup 103 /Russell put
dup 45 /Will put
dup 105 /Sam put
dup 107 /Sami put
dup 109 /Sanjay put
dup 111 /Saroj put
dup 113 /Saul put
dup 115 /Saulius put
dup 117 /Scott put
dup 119 /Sean put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-309 -205 1151 967}readonly def
%/UniqueID 5029006 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndResource
%%BeginResource: font lbtr
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: LucidaTypewriter 1.001
%%CreationDate: 1994 Nov 12 10:47:10
% Lucida is a registered trademark of Bigelow & Holmes Inc.
% NOTE:  This is a partial font in Adobe Type 1 format.
% The complete font in fully hinted ATM compatible form is available from Y&Y
% (508) 371-3286 USA, email: tech-help@YandY.com, http://www.YandY.com
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
/version (1.001) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1993, 1994 Bigelow & Homes Inc. Pat. Des. 289,422. All Rights Reserved.) readonly def
/Notice ((c) 1994 Y&Y Inc. All Rights Reserved.) readonly def
/FullName (Lucida Typewriter) readonly def
/FamilyName (LucidaTypewriter) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch true def
/UnderlinePosition -100 def
/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
/FontName /LucidaTypewriter def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 54 /Aditi put
dup 35 /Ahmed put
dup 37 /Alasdair put
dup 39 /Alessio put
dup 41 /Ali put
dup 43 /Alois put
dup 173 /Ammar put
dup 47 /Andre put
dup 49 /Andrzej put
dup 51 /Angelika put
dup 53 /Anton put
dup 55 /Ari put
dup 33 /Arne put
dup 59 /Art put
dup 61 /Ayman put
dup 63 /Barry put
dup 65 /Bent put
dup 67 /Blair put
dup 69 /Bonnie put
dup 71 /Brian put
dup 73 /Burkhard put
dup 75 /Castor put
dup 77 /Charles put
dup 79 /Chi put
dup 81 /Christian put
dup 83 /Christoph put
dup 85 /Chuck put
dup 87 /Clovis put
dup 96 /Curt put
dup 89 /Cyrus put
dup 187 /Don put
dup 255 /George put
dup 189 /Heinz put
dup 179 /Hong put
dup 178 /Ivan put
dup 56 /Jacqueline put
dup 57 /Jagannatha put
dup 58 /Jan put
dup 60 /Jason put
dup 32 /Jeff put
dup 62 /Jerzy put
dup 34 /Jim put
dup 64 /Jiri put
dup 36 /Joe put
dup 66 /Joel put
dup 38 /Johan put
dup 68 /John put
dup 40 /Johnnie put
dup 70 /Jon put
dup 42 /Jonas put
dup 72 /Jonathan put
dup 44 /Jorgen put
dup 74 /Jose put
dup 46 /Josh put
dup 76 /Juan put
dup 48 /Justin put
dup 78 /Kamal put
dup 50 /Karl put
dup 80 /Karlheinz put
dup 52 /Kaspar put
dup 82 /Kees put
dup 84 /Keith put
dup 86 /Kenchi put
dup 252 /Kendall put
dup 88 /Kettleson put
dup 90 /Kieran put
dup 92 /Koen put
dup 94 /Kristian put
dup 98 /Lalu put
dup 100 /Leon put
dup 102 /Louis put
dup 104 /Luc put
dup 106 /Lunjin put
dup 110 /Malka put
dup 112 /Manuel put
dup 108 /Marcy put
dup 114 /Mariusz put
dup 116 /Martin put
dup 118 /Masahiro put
dup 120 /Matt put
dup 122 /Maurizio put
dup 124 /Max put
dup 126 /Michael put
dup 177 /Murad put
dup 91 /Robert put
dup 93 /Robin put
dup 95 /Rod put
dup 97 /Roger put
dup 99 /Ron put
dup 101 /Rudi put
dup 103 /Russell put
dup 105 /Sam put
dup 107 /Sami put
dup 109 /Sanjay put
dup 111 /Saroj put
dup 113 /Saul put
dup 115 /Saulius put
dup 117 /Scott put
dup 119 /Sean put
dup 121 /Sebastian put
dup 123 /Shuichi put
dup 125 /Stan put
dup 163 /Stefan put
dup 171 /Surendar put
dup 188 /Vladimir put
dup 45 /Will put
dup 247 /Waldo put
dup 215 /Wilfred put
readonly def
/FontBBox{0 -211 743 940}readonly def
%/UniqueID 5054489 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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%!PS-Adobe-2.0
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%%Creator: troff, Plan 9 edition
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%%EndComments
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%

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%
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%
% Apparently no guarantee findfont is defined in systemdict so the obvious
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mark
1 pagesetup
12 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(Plan 9) 2228 1220 w
(from Bell) 2644 1220 w
(Labs) 3243 1220 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Rob Pike) 2674 1480 w
(Dave Presotto) 2544 1620 w
(Sean Dorward) 2535 1760 w
(Bob Flandrena) 2530 1900 w
(Ken Thompson) 2523 2040 w
(Howard Trickey) 2497 2180 w
(Phil Winterbottom) 2443 2320 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Bell Laboratories) 2476 2520 w
(Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974) 2146 2660 w
(USA) 2784 2800 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(Motivation) 720 3400 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(By) 720 3556 w
(the) 864 3556 w
(mid) 1053 3556 w
(1980) 1272 3556 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1524 3556 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s,) 1556 3556 w
(the) 1673 3556 w
(trend) 1862 3556 w
(in) 2155 3556 w
(computing) 2280 3556 w
(was) 2834 3556 w
(away) 3051 3556 w
(from) 3324 3556 w
(large) 3590 3556 w
(centralized) 3868 3556 w
(time-shared) 4439 3556 w
(computers) 720 3676 w
(towards) 1292 3676 w
(networks) 1734 3676 w
(of) 2234 3676 w
(smaller,) 2388 3676 w
(personal) 2830 3676 w
(machines,) 3304 3676 w
(typically) 3851 3676 w
(UNIX) 4304 3676 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 4595 3676 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(worksta\255) 4627 3676 w
(tions) 720 3796 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 960 3796 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 992 3796 w
(People) 1097 3796 w
(had) 1458 3796 w
(grown) 1679 3796 w
(weary) 2023 3796 w
(of) 2345 3796 w
(overloaded,) 2484 3796 w
(bureaucratic) 3095 3796 w
(timesharing) 3740 3796 w
(machines) 4359 3796 w
(and) 4860 3796 w
(were) 720 3916 w
(eager) 990 3916 w
(to) 1300 3916 w
(move) 1438 3916 w
(to) 1740 3916 w
(small,) 1878 3916 w
(self-maintained) 2207 3916 w
(systems,) 3019 3916 w
(even) 3482 3916 w
(if) 3748 3916 w
(that) 3854 3916 w
(meant) 4085 3916 w
(a) 4428 3916 w
(net) 4523 3916 w
(loss) 4718 3916 w
(in) 4949 3916 w
(computing) 720 4036 w
(power.) 1273 4036 w
(As) 1668 4036 w
(microcomputers) 1821 4036 w
(became) 2644 4036 w
(faster,) 3051 4036 w
(even) 3393 4036 w
(that) 3652 4036 w
(loss) 3876 4036 w
(was) 4101 4036 w
(recovered,) 4317 4036 w
(and) 4860 4036 w
(this style of computing remains popular today.) 720 4156 w
(In) 970 4312 w
(the) 1097 4312 w
(rush) 1288 4312 w
(to) 1540 4312 w
(personal) 1674 4312 w
(workstations,) 2128 4312 w
(though,) 2816 4312 w
(some) 3230 4312 w
(of) 3527 4312 w
(their) 3661 4312 w
(weaknesses) 3922 4312 w
(were) 4531 4312 w
(over\255) 4797 4312 w
(looked.) 720 4432 w
(First,) 1154 4432 w
(the) 1440 4432 w
(operating) 1637 4432 w
(system) 2145 4432 w
(they) 2527 4432 w
(run,) 2776 4432 w
(UNIX,) 3015 4432 w
(is) 3324 4432 w
(itself) 3446 4432 w
(an) 3727 4432 w
(old) 3886 4432 w
(timesharing) 4081 4432 w
(system) 4700 4432 w
(and) 720 4552 w
(has) 954 4552 w
(had) 1176 4552 w
(trouble) 1410 4552 w
(adapting) 1813 4552 w
(to) 2293 4552 w
(ideas) 2445 4552 w
(born) 2753 4552 w
(after) 3034 4552 w
(it.) 3314 4552 w
(Graphics) 3498 4552 w
(and) 3976 4552 w
(networking) 4210 4552 w
(were) 4810 4552 w
(added) 720 4672 w
(to) 1057 4672 w
(UNIX) 1192 4672 w
(well) 1464 4672 w
(into) 1692 4672 w
(its) 1918 4672 w
(lifetime) 2072 4672 w
(and) 2475 4672 w
(remain) 2692 4672 w
(poorly) 3065 4672 w
(integrated) 3409 4672 w
(and) 3944 4672 w
(difficult) 4161 4672 w
(to) 4571 4672 w
(admin\255) 4705 4672 w
(ister.) 720 4792 w
(More) 1040 4792 w
(important,) 1326 4792 w
(the) 1878 4792 w
(early) 2075 4792 w
(focus) 2351 4792 w
(on) 2656 4792 w
(having) 2822 4792 w
(private) 3187 4792 w
(machines) 3563 4792 w
(made) 4065 4792 w
(it) 4375 4792 w
(difficult) 4484 4792 w
(for) 4901 4792 w
(networks) 720 4912 w
(of) 1198 4912 w
(machines) 1330 4912 w
(to) 1823 4912 w
(serve) 1955 4912 w
(as) 2245 4912 w
(seamlessly) 2385 4912 w
(as) 2942 4912 w
(the) 3082 4912 w
(old) 3271 4912 w
(monolithic) 3458 4912 w
(timesharing) 4006 4912 w
(systems.) 4617 4912 w
(Timesharing) 720 5032 w
(centralized) 1360 5032 w
(the) 1933 5032 w
(management) 2125 5032 w
(and) 2793 5032 w
(amortization) 3010 5032 w
(of) 3664 5032 w
(costs) 3800 5032 w
(and) 4089 5032 w
(resources;) 4307 5032 w
(per\255) 4847 5032 w
(sonal) 720 5152 w
(computing) 1017 5152 w
(fractured,) 1576 5152 w
(democratized,) 2090 5152 w
(and) 2823 5152 w
(ultimately) 3042 5152 w
(amplified) 3560 5152 w
(administrative) 4052 5152 w
(prob\255) 4779 5152 w
(lems.) 720 5272 w
(The) 1082 5272 w
(choice) 1332 5272 w
(of) 1711 5272 w
(an) 1879 5272 w
(old) 2066 5272 w
(timesharing) 2289 5272 w
(operating) 2936 5272 w
(system) 3472 5272 w
(to) 3882 5272 w
(run) 4050 5272 w
(those) 4285 5272 w
(personal) 4622 5272 w
(machines made it difficult to bind things together smoothly.) 720 5392 w
(Plan) 970 5548 w
(9) 1209 5548 w
(began) 1310 5548 w
(in) 1646 5548 w
(the) 1775 5548 w
(late) 1968 5548 w
(1980) 2183 5548 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 2435 5548 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 2467 5548 w
(as) 2556 5548 w
(an) 2700 5548 w
(attempt) 2855 5548 w
(to) 3271 5548 w
(have) 3407 5548 w
(it) 3670 5548 w
(both) 3774 5548 w
(ways:) 4035 5548 w
(to) 4340 5548 w
(build) 4476 5548 w
(a) 4760 5548 w
(sys\255) 4853 5548 w
(tem) 720 5668 w
(that) 949 5668 w
(was) 1183 5668 w
(centrally) 1408 5668 w
(administered) 1862 5668 w
(and) 2539 5668 w
(cost-effective) 2761 5668 w
(using) 3472 5668 w
(cheap) 3780 5668 w
(modern) 4109 5668 w
(microcom\255) 4527 5668 w
(puters) 720 5788 w
(as) 1070 5788 w
(its) 1216 5788 w
(computing) 1373 5788 w
(elements.) 1933 5788 w
(The) 2477 5788 w
(idea) 2698 5788 w
(was) 2941 5788 w
(to) 3164 5788 w
(build) 3302 5788 w
(a) 3588 5788 w
(time-sharing) 3684 5788 w
(system) 4360 5788 w
(out) 4741 5788 w
(of) 4942 5788 w
(workstations,) 720 5908 w
(but) 1426 5908 w
(in) 1642 5908 w
(a) 1787 5908 w
(novel) 1895 5908 w
(way.) 2208 5908 w
(Different) 2509 5908 w
(computers) 2992 5908 w
(would) 3560 5908 w
(handle) 3905 5908 w
(different) 4285 5908 w
(tasks:) 4756 5908 w
(small,) 720 6028 w
(cheap) 1048 6028 w
(machines) 1375 6028 w
(in) 1874 6028 w
(people) 2005 6028 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 2333 6028 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 2365 6028 w
(offices) 2456 6028 w
(would) 2818 6028 w
(serve) 3150 6028 w
(as) 3446 6028 w
(terminals) 3592 6028 w
(providing) 4085 6028 w
(access) 4587 6028 w
(to) 4942 6028 w
(large,) 720 6148 w
(central,) 1028 6148 w
(shared) 1424 6148 w
(resources) 1785 6148 w
(such) 2288 6148 w
(as) 2547 6148 w
(computing) 2686 6148 w
(servers) 3239 6148 w
(and) 3620 6148 w
(file) 3833 6148 w
(servers.) 4017 6148 w
(For) 4462 6148 w
(the cen\255) 4651 6148 w
(tral) 720 6268 w
(machines,) 937 6268 w
(the) 1484 6268 w
(coming) 1695 6268 w
(wave) 2109 6268 w
(of) 2405 6268 w
(shared-memory) 2559 6268 w
(multiprocessors) 3397 6268 w
(seemed) 4230 6268 w
(obvious) 4661 6268 w
(candidates.) 720 6388 w
(The) 1365 6388 w
(philosophy) 1604 6388 w
(is) 2195 6388 w
(much) 2333 6388 w
(like) 2659 6388 w
(that) 2889 6388 w
(of) 3138 6388 w
(the) 3294 6388 w
(Cambridge) 3507 6388 w
(Distributed) 4096 6388 w
(System) 4697 6388 w
([NeHe82].) 720 6508 w
(The) 1269 6508 w
(early) 1483 6508 w
(catch) 1749 6508 w
(phrase) 2038 6508 w
(was) 2399 6508 w
(to) 2615 6508 w
(build) 2746 6508 w
(a) 3025 6508 w
(UNIX) 3113 6508 w
(out) 3381 6508 w
(of) 3574 6508 w
(a) 3705 6508 w
(lot) 3793 6508 w
(of) 3953 6508 w
(little) 4084 6508 w
(systems,) 4334 6508 w
(not) 4791 6508 w
(a) 4985 6508 w
(system out of a lot of little UNIXes.) 720 6628 w
8 /S1 f
(__________________) 720 6980 w
8 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Appeared) 720 7080 w
(in) 1118 7080 w
(a) 1217 7080 w
(slightly) 1287 7080 w
(different) 1595 7080 w
(form) 1957 7080 w
(in) 2169 7080 w
8 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Computing) 2268 7080 w
(Systems,) 2719 7080 w
8 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Vol) 3083 7080 w
(8) 3233 7080 w
(#3,) 3309 7080 w
(Summer) 3461 7080 w
(1995,) 3806 7080 w
(pp.) 4058 7080 w
(221-254.) 4210 7080 w
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 1 1
%%Page: 2 2
/saveobj save def
mark
2 pagesetup
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 2 \255) 2783 480 w
(The) 970 840 w
(problems) 1206 840 w
(with) 1718 840 w
(UNIX) 1978 840 w
(were) 2268 840 w
(too) 2553 840 w
(deep) 2767 840 w
(to) 3060 840 w
(fix,) 3213 840 w
(but) 3427 840 w
(some) 3645 840 w
(of) 3962 840 w
(its) 4116 840 w
(ideas) 4289 840 w
(could) 4599 840 w
(be) 4921 840 w
(brought) 720 960 w
(along.) 1158 960 w
(The) 1541 960 w
(best) 1772 960 w
(was) 2029 960 w
(its) 2262 960 w
(use) 2429 960 w
(of) 2648 960 w
(the) 2796 960 w
(file) 3000 960 w
(system) 3200 960 w
(to) 3589 960 w
(coordinate) 3736 960 w
(naming) 4301 960 w
(of) 4713 960 w
(and) 4860 960 w
(access) 720 1080 w
(to) 1077 1080 w
(resources,) 1217 1080 w
(even) 1761 1080 w
(those,) 2029 1080 w
(such) 2370 1080 w
(as) 2638 1080 w
(devices,) 2786 1080 w
(not) 3218 1080 w
(traditionally) 3420 1080 w
(treated) 4041 1080 w
(as) 4428 1080 w
(files.) 4576 1080 w
(For) 4884 1080 w
(Plan) 720 1200 w
(9,) 958 1200 w
(we) 1089 1200 w
(adopted) 1258 1200 w
(this) 1692 1200 w
(idea) 1907 1200 w
(by) 2146 1200 w
(designing) 2297 1200 w
(a) 2809 1200 w
(network-level) 2900 1200 w
(protocol,) 3608 1200 w
(called) 4080 1200 w
(9P,) 4399 1200 w
(to) 4585 1200 w
(enable) 4719 1200 w
(machines) 720 1320 w
(to) 1215 1320 w
(access) 1349 1320 w
(files) 1700 1320 w
(on) 1938 1320 w
(remote) 2097 1320 w
(systems.) 2477 1320 w
(Above) 2968 1320 w
(this,) 3305 1320 w
(we) 3553 1320 w
(built) 3723 1320 w
(a) 3980 1320 w
(naming) 4072 1320 w
(system) 4472 1320 w
(that) 4849 1320 w
(lets) 720 1440 w
(people) 934 1440 w
(and) 1303 1440 w
(their) 1524 1440 w
(computing) 1790 1440 w
(agents) 2351 1440 w
(build) 2715 1440 w
(customized) 3002 1440 w
(views) 3603 1440 w
(of) 3909 1440 w
(the) 4048 1440 w
(resources) 4244 1440 w
(in) 4754 1440 w
(the) 4885 1440 w
(network.) 720 1560 w
(This is) 1208 1560 w
(where) 1558 1560 w
(Plan) 1883 1560 w
(9) 2117 1560 w
(first) 2213 1560 w
(began) 2441 1560 w
(to) 2772 1560 w
(look) 2903 1560 w
(different:) 3145 1560 w
(a) 3628 1560 w
(Plan) 3716 1560 w
(9) 3950 1560 w
(user) 4046 1560 w
(builds) 4289 1560 w
(a) 4619 1560 w
(private) 4707 1560 w
(computing) 720 1680 w
(environment) 1274 1680 w
(and) 1919 1680 w
(recreates) 2133 1680 w
(it) 2611 1680 w
(wherever) 2711 1680 w
(desired,) 3186 1680 w
(rather) 3610 1680 w
(than) 3935 1680 w
(doing) 4184 1680 w
(all) 4494 1680 w
(comput\255) 4640 1680 w
(ing) 720 1800 w
(on) 911 1800 w
(a) 1072 1800 w
(private) 1165 1800 w
(machine.) 1536 1800 w
(It) 2046 1800 w
(soon) 2150 1800 w
(became) 2423 1800 w
(clear) 2835 1800 w
(that) 3105 1800 w
(this) 3334 1800 w
(model) 3551 1800 w
(was) 3892 1800 w
(richer) 4114 1800 w
(than) 4433 1800 w
(we) 4688 1800 w
(had) 4860 1800 w
(foreseen,) 720 1920 w
(and) 1229 1920 w
(the) 1466 1920 w
(ideas) 1678 1920 w
(of) 1989 1920 w
(per-process) 2144 1920 w
(name) 2793 1920 w
(spaces) 3116 1920 w
(and) 3499 1920 w
(file-system-like) 3735 1920 w
(resources) 4570 1920 w
(were extended throughout the system) 720 2040 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\024) 2574 2040 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(to processes, graphics, even the network itself.) 2674 2040 w
(By) 970 2196 w
(1989) 1123 2196 w
(the) 1418 2196 w
(system) 1616 2196 w
(had) 1999 2196 w
(become) 2223 2196 w
(solid) 2647 2196 w
(enough) 2924 2196 w
(that) 3333 2196 w
(some) 3568 2196 w
(of) 3873 2196 w
(us) 4015 2196 w
(began) 4172 2196 w
(using) 4514 2196 w
(it) 4824 2196 w
(as) 4934 2196 w
(our) 720 2316 w
(exclusive) 923 2316 w
(computing) 1409 2316 w
(environment.) 1968 2316 w
(This) 2682 2316 w
(meant) 2926 2316 w
(bringing) 3268 2316 w
(along) 3717 2316 w
(many) 4024 2316 w
(of) 4324 2316 w
(the) 4460 2316 w
(services) 4653 2316 w
(and) 720 2436 w
(applications) 934 2436 w
(we) 1553 2436 w
(had) 1720 2436 w
(used) 1934 2436 w
(on) 2200 2436 w
(UNIX.) 2357 2436 w
(We) 2690 2436 w
(used) 2866 2436 w
(this) 3132 2436 w
(opportunity) 3345 2436 w
(to) 3948 2436 w
(revisit) 4081 2436 w
(many) 4411 2436 w
(issues,) 4708 2436 w
(not) 720 2556 w
(just) 920 2556 w
(kernel-resident) 1140 2556 w
(ones,) 1935 2556 w
(that) 2237 2556 w
(we) 2468 2556 w
(felt) 2641 2556 w
(UNIX) 2840 2556 w
(addressed) 3115 2556 w
(badly.) 3654 2556 w
(Plan) 4019 2556 w
(9) 4259 2556 w
(has) 4361 2556 w
(new) 4568 2556 w
(com\255) 4802 2556 w
(pilers,) 720 2676 w
(languages,) 1064 2676 w
(libraries,) 1633 2676 w
(window) 2102 2676 w
(systems,) 2515 2676 w
(and) 2982 2676 w
(many) 3206 2676 w
(new) 3512 2676 w
(applications.) 3751 2676 w
(Many) 4444 2676 w
(of) 4743 2676 w
(the) 4885 2676 w
(old tools were dropped, while those brought along have been polished or rewritten.) 720 2796 w
(Why) 970 2952 w
(be) 1216 2952 w
(so) 1381 2952 w
(all-encompassing?) 1539 2952 w
(The) 2526 2952 w
(distinction) 2754 2952 w
(between) 3312 2952 w
(operating) 3766 2952 w
(system,) 4279 2952 w
(library,) 4698 2952 w
(and) 720 3072 w
(application) 935 3072 w
(is) 1504 3072 w
(important) 1619 3072 w
(to) 2132 3072 w
(the) 2265 3072 w
(operating) 2455 3072 w
(system) 2956 3072 w
(researcher) 3331 3072 w
(but) 3876 3072 w
(uninteresting) 4073 3072 w
(to) 4753 3072 w
(the) 4885 3072 w
(user.) 720 3192 w
(What) 1032 3192 w
(matters) 1310 3192 w
(is) 1718 3192 w
(clean) 1836 3192 w
(functionality.) 2127 3192 w
(By) 2832 3192 w
(building) 2980 3192 w
(a) 3417 3192 w
(complete) 3510 3192 w
(new) 3994 3192 w
(system,) 4227 3192 w
(we) 4638 3192 w
(were) 4810 3192 w
(able) 720 3312 w
(to) 962 3312 w
(solve) 1099 3312 w
(problems) 1387 3312 w
(where) 1883 3312 w
(we) 2214 3312 w
(thought) 2386 3312 w
(they) 2808 3312 w
(should) 3054 3312 w
(be) 3421 3312 w
(solved.) 3579 3312 w
(For) 3993 3312 w
(example,) 4187 3312 w
(there) 4670 3312 w
(is) 4960 3312 w
(no) 720 3432 w
(real) 886 3432 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 1110 3432 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(tty) 1142 3432 w
(driver) 1311 3432 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1593 3432 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(in) 1668 3432 w
(the) 1802 3432 w
(kernel;) 2000 3432 w
(that) 2377 3432 w
(is) 2611 3432 w
(the) 2734 3432 w
(job) 2932 3432 w
(of) 3129 3432 w
(the) 3270 3432 w
(window) 3469 3432 w
(system.) 3882 3432 w
(In) 4330 3432 w
(the) 4465 3432 w
(modern) 4664 3432 w
(world,) 720 3552 w
(multi-vendor) 1062 3552 w
(and) 1743 3552 w
(multi-architecture) 1961 3552 w
(computing) 2885 3552 w
(are) 3443 3552 w
(essential,) 3633 3552 w
(yet) 4129 3552 w
(the) 4312 3552 w
(usual) 4505 3552 w
(com\255) 4802 3552 w
(pilers) 720 3672 w
(and) 1028 3672 w
(tools) 1247 3672 w
(assume) 1525 3672 w
(the) 1932 3672 w
(program) 2126 3672 w
(is) 2581 3672 w
(being) 2700 3672 w
(built) 3011 3672 w
(to) 3270 3672 w
(run) 3407 3672 w
(locally;) 3611 3672 w
(we) 3988 3672 w
(needed) 4161 3672 w
(to) 4557 3672 w
(rethink) 4695 3672 w
(these) 720 3792 w
(issues.) 1028 3792 w
(Most) 1438 3792 w
(important,) 1719 3792 w
(though,) 2275 3792 w
(the) 2699 3792 w
(test) 2900 3792 w
(of) 3126 3792 w
(a) 3269 3792 w
(system) 3369 3792 w
(is) 3754 3792 w
(the) 3879 3792 w
(computing) 4079 3792 w
(environ\255) 4644 3792 w
(ment) 720 3912 w
(it) 1023 3912 w
(provides.) 1144 3912 w
(Producing) 1679 3912 w
(a) 2220 3912 w
(more) 2330 3912 w
(efficient) 2636 3912 w
(way) 3085 3912 w
(to) 3324 3912 w
(run) 3477 3912 w
(the) 3698 3912 w
(old) 3909 3912 w
(UNIX) 4118 3912 w
(warhorses) 4409 3912 w
(is) 4960 3912 w
(empty) 720 4032 w
(engineering;) 1056 4032 w
(we) 1700 4032 w
(were) 1868 4032 w
(more) 2133 4032 w
(interested) 2419 4032 w
(in) 2942 4032 w
(whether) 3068 4032 w
(the) 3494 4032 w
(new) 3684 4032 w
(ideas) 3914 4032 w
(suggested) 4202 4032 w
(by) 4736 4032 w
(the) 4885 4032 w
(architecture) 720 4152 w
(of) 1331 4152 w
(the) 1462 4152 w
(underlying) 1650 4152 w
(system) 2201 4152 w
(encourage) 2574 4152 w
(a) 3113 4152 w
(more) 3202 4152 w
(effective) 3487 4152 w
(way) 3932 4152 w
(of) 4150 4152 w
(working.) 4282 4152 w
(Thus,) 4770 4152 w
(although) 720 4272 w
(Plan) 1184 4272 w
(9) 1419 4272 w
(provides) 1516 4272 w
(an) 1966 4272 w
(emulation) 2117 4272 w
(environment) 2635 4272 w
(for) 3280 4272 w
(running) 3453 4272 w
(POSIX) 3867 4272 w
(commands,) 4179 4272 w
(it) 4773 4272 w
(is) 4872 4272 w
(a) 4985 4272 w
(backwater) 720 4392 w
(of) 1268 4392 w
(the) 1421 4392 w
(system.) 1631 4392 w
(The) 2090 4392 w
(vast) 2326 4392 w
(majority) 2576 4392 w
(of) 3029 4392 w
(system) 3182 4392 w
(software) 3577 4392 w
(is) 4047 4392 w
(developed) 4183 4392 w
(in) 4738 4392 w
(the) 4885 4392 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 720 4512 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(native) 752 4512 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1043 4512 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Plan 9 environment.) 1107 4512 w
(There) 970 4668 w
(are) 1285 4668 w
(benefits) 1474 4668 w
(to) 1902 4668 w
(having) 2037 4668 w
(an) 2396 4668 w
(all-new) 2550 4668 w
(system.) 2953 4668 w
(First,) 3394 4668 w
(our) 3675 4668 w
(laboratory) 3876 4668 w
(has) 4408 4668 w
(a) 4614 4668 w
(history) 4707 4668 w
(of) 720 4788 w
(building) 856 4788 w
(experimental) 1293 4788 w
(peripheral) 1968 4788 w
(boards.) 2500 4788 w
(To) 2935 4788 w
(make) 3096 4788 w
(it) 3395 4788 w
(easy) 3498 4788 w
(to) 3749 4788 w
(write) 3884 4788 w
(device) 4161 4788 w
(drivers,) 4505 4788 w
(we) 4907 4788 w
(want) 720 4908 w
(a) 987 4908 w
(system) 1078 4908 w
(that) 1454 4908 w
(is) 1681 4908 w
(available) 1797 4908 w
(in) 2257 4908 w
(source) 2385 4908 w
(form) 2744 4908 w
(\(no) 3013 4908 w
(longer) 3206 4908 w
(guaranteed) 3554 4908 w
(with) 4140 4908 w
(UNIX,) 4382 4908 w
(even) 4686 4908 w
(in) 4949 4908 w
(the) 720 5028 w
(laboratory) 928 5028 w
(in) 1476 5028 w
(which) 1620 5028 w
(it) 1954 5028 w
(was) 2073 5028 w
(born\).) 2309 5028 w
(Also,) 2686 5028 w
(we) 2981 5028 w
(want) 3167 5028 w
(to) 3451 5028 w
(redistribute) 3602 5028 w
(our) 4220 5028 w
(work,) 4437 5028 w
(which) 4759 5028 w
(means) 720 5148 w
(the) 1077 5148 w
(software) 1272 5148 w
(must) 1727 5148 w
(be) 2010 5148 w
(locally) 2169 5148 w
(produced.) 2515 5148 w
(For) 3079 5148 w
(example,) 3275 5148 w
(we) 3760 5148 w
(could) 3933 5148 w
(have) 4240 5148 w
(used) 4506 5148 w
(some) 4779 5148 w
(vendors) 720 5268 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1106 5268 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(C) 1192 5268 w
(compilers) 1315 5268 w
(for) 1843 5268 w
(our) 2036 5268 w
(system,) 2254 5268 w
(but) 2680 5268 w
(even) 2895 5268 w
(had) 3174 5268 w
(we) 3407 5268 w
(overcome) 3593 5268 w
(the) 4117 5268 w
(problems) 4325 5268 w
(with) 4835 5268 w
(cross-compilation, we would have difficulty redistributing the result.) 720 5388 w
(This) 970 5544 w
(paper) 1211 5544 w
(serves) 1526 5544 w
(as) 1870 5544 w
(an) 2013 5544 w
(overview) 2167 5544 w
(of) 2628 5544 w
(the) 2763 5544 w
(system.) 2955 5544 w
(It) 3396 5544 w
(discusses) 3499 5544 w
(the) 4001 5544 w
(architecture) 4193 5544 w
(from) 4808 5544 w
(the) 720 5664 w
(lowest) 916 5664 w
(building) 1268 5664 w
(blocks) 1708 5664 w
(to) 2062 5664 w
(the) 2200 5664 w
(computing) 2395 5664 w
(environment) 2955 5664 w
(seen) 3606 5664 w
(by) 3871 5664 w
(users.) 4026 5664 w
(It) 4391 5664 w
(also) 4497 5664 w
(serves) 4733 5664 w
(as) 720 5784 w
(an) 860 5784 w
(introduction) 1011 5784 w
(to) 1640 5784 w
(the) 1772 5784 w
(rest) 1961 5784 w
(of) 2180 5784 w
(the) 2312 5784 w
(Plan) 2501 5784 w
(9) 2736 5784 w
(Programmer) 2833 5784 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 3431 5784 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 3463 5784 w
(Manual,) 3548 5784 w
(which) 3964 5784 w
(it) 4280 5784 w
(accompanies.) 4381 5784 w
(More detail about topics in this paper can be found elsewhere in the manual.) 720 5904 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(Design) 720 6144 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 970 6300 w
(view) 1193 6300 w
(of) 1449 6300 w
(the) 1589 6300 w
(system) 1786 6300 w
(is) 2168 6300 w
(built) 2290 6300 w
(upon) 2552 6300 w
(three) 2842 6300 w
(principles.) 3136 6300 w
(First,) 3716 6300 w
(resources) 4003 6300 w
(are) 4516 6300 w
(named) 4711 6300 w
(and) 720 6420 w
(accessed) 942 6420 w
(like) 1418 6420 w
(files) 1632 6420 w
(in) 1876 6420 w
(a) 2009 6420 w
(hierarchical) 2106 6420 w
(file) 2709 6420 w
(system.) 2901 6420 w
(Second,) 3346 6420 w
(there) 3766 6420 w
(is) 4059 6420 w
(a) 4180 6420 w
(standard) 4276 6420 w
(proto\255) 4744 6420 w
(col,) 720 6540 w
(called) 928 6540 w
(9P,) 1246 6540 w
(for) 1431 6540 w
(accessing) 1605 6540 w
(these) 2109 6540 w
(resources.) 2407 6540 w
(Third,) 2977 6540 w
(the) 3303 6540 w
(disjoint) 3494 6540 w
(hierarchies) 3892 6540 w
(provided) 4461 6540 w
(by) 4925 6540 w
(different) 720 6660 w
(services) 1180 6660 w
(are) 1609 6660 w
(joined) 1803 6660 w
(together) 2146 6660 w
(into) 2600 6660 w
(a) 2831 6660 w
(single) 2927 6660 w
(private) 3257 6660 w
(hierarchical) 3631 6660 w
(file) 4233 6660 w
(name) 4425 6660 w
(space.) 4732 6660 w
(The) 720 6780 w
(unusual) 950 6780 w
(properties) 1382 6780 w
(of) 1929 6780 w
(Plan) 2076 6780 w
(9) 2327 6780 w
(stem) 2440 6780 w
(from) 2727 6780 w
(the) 3009 6780 w
(consistent,) 3214 6780 w
(aggressive) 3793 6780 w
(application) 4358 6780 w
(of) 4942 6780 w
(these principles.) 720 6900 w
(A) 970 7056 w
(large) 1086 7056 w
(Plan) 1376 7056 w
(9) 1624 7056 w
(installation) 1734 7056 w
(has) 2317 7056 w
(a) 2532 7056 w
(number) 2634 7056 w
(of) 3058 7056 w
(computers) 3203 7056 w
(networked) 3765 7056 w
(together,) 4324 7056 w
(each) 4816 7056 w
(providing) 720 7176 w
(a) 1226 7176 w
(particular) 1325 7176 w
(class) 1832 7176 w
(of) 2113 7176 w
(service.) 2255 7176 w
(Shared) 2698 7176 w
(multiprocessor) 3072 7176 w
(servers) 3841 7176 w
(provide) 4232 7176 w
(comput\255) 4640 7176 w
(ing) 720 7296 w
(cycles;) 920 7296 w
(other) 1289 7296 w
(large) 1593 7296 w
(machines) 1883 7296 w
(offer) 2389 7296 w
(file) 2668 7296 w
(storage.) 2866 7296 w
(These) 3341 7296 w
(machines) 3677 7296 w
(are) 4184 7296 w
(located) 4384 7296 w
(in) 4784 7296 w
(an) 4923 7296 w
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10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 3 \255) 2783 480 w
(air-conditioned) 720 840 w
(machine) 1551 840 w
(room) 2033 840 w
(and) 2363 840 w
(are) 2617 840 w
(connected) 2843 840 w
(by) 3415 840 w
(high-performance) 3603 840 w
(networks.) 4565 840 w
(Lower) 720 960 w
(bandwidth) 1057 960 w
(networks) 1617 960 w
(such) 2109 960 w
(as) 2384 960 w
(Ethernet) 2539 960 w
(or) 2993 960 w
(ISDN) 3144 960 w
(connect) 3425 960 w
(these) 3854 960 w
(servers) 4165 960 w
(to) 4563 960 w
(office-) 4711 960 w
(and) 720 1080 w
(home-resident) 941 1080 w
(workstations) 1707 1080 w
(or) 2368 1080 w
(PCs,) 2511 1080 w
(called) 2758 1080 w
(terminals) 3081 1080 w
(in) 3574 1080 w
(Plan) 3705 1080 w
(9) 3946 1080 w
(terminology.) 4049 1080 w
(Figure) 4736 1080 w
(1 shows the arrangement.) 720 1200 w
1928 3118 1928 2880 Dl
1928 2879 2354 2879 Dl
2355 2879 2355 3117 Dl
2355 3118 1929 3118 Dl
1928 2998 1841 2998 Dl
2581 3118 2581 2880 Dl
2581 2879 3007 2879 Dl
3008 2879 3008 3117 Dl
3008 3118 2582 3118 Dl
2581 3118 2581 2880 Dl
2581 2879 3007 2879 Dl
3008 2879 3008 3117 Dl
3008 3118 2582 3118 Dl
3234 3118 3234 2880 Dl
3234 2879 3660 2879 Dl
3661 2879 3661 3117 Dl
3661 3118 3235 3118 Dl
2142 3118 2142 3281 Dl
3448 3118 3448 3281 Dl
2795 3118 2795 3281 Dl
2111 3118 2111 3281 Dl
2173 3118 2173 3281 Dl
2764 3118 2764 3281 Dl
2826 3118 2826 3281 Dl
3416 3118 3416 3281 Dl
3479 3118 3479 3281 Dl
2029 3312 4859 3312 Dl
2029 3344 4859 3344 Dl
3661 2998 3817 2998 Dl
3818 2829 3818 3086 Dl
3818 2829 150 -84 150 84 Da
4119 2829 -150 84 -150 -84 Da
4119 2829 4119 3086 Dl
3818 3086 150 -84 150 84 Da
(CPU) 2046 3018 w
(CPU) 2699 3018 w
1928 3118 1928 2880 Dl
1928 2879 2354 2879 Dl
2355 2879 2355 3117 Dl
2355 3118 1929 3118 Dl
900 3118 900 2880 Dl
900 2879 1326 2879 Dl
1326 2879 1326 3117 Dl
1326 3118 900 3118 Dl
(File) 1029 3018 w
1113 3118 1113 3274 Dl
969 3362 969 3619 Dl
969 3362 150 -84 150 84 Da
1270 3362 -150 84 -150 -84 Da
1270 3362 1270 3619 Dl
969 3619 150 -84 150 84 Da
(File) 3364 3018 w
900 2503 4778 2503 Dl
1113 2879 1113 2503 Dl
2142 2879 2142 2503 Dl
2795 2879 2795 2503 Dl
3448 2879 3448 2503 Dl
4564 2503 4564 2879 Dl
4351 3118 4351 2880 Dl
4351 2879 4777 2879 Dl
4778 2879 4778 3117 Dl
4778 3118 4352 3118 Dl
(Internet) 4670 1682 w
(Gateway) 4362 3018 w
4402 2503 4402 2127 Dl
4188 2126 4188 1888 Dl
4188 1887 4614 1887 Dl
4615 1887 4615 2125 Dl
4615 2126 4189 2126 Dl
(Gateway) 4200 2027 w
4402 1887 4402 1700 Dl
3534 1362 3534 1662 Dl
3446 1424 3621 1424 Dl
3446 1487 3621 1487 Dl
2990 1475 2990 1775 Dl
2902 1538 3077 1538 Dl
2902 1601 3077 1601 Dl
2361 1469 2361 1769 Dl
2273 1531 2448 1531 Dl
2273 1594 2448 1594 Dl
1759 1561 313 313 De
(Term) 1790 1581 w
1527 2503 1527 2208 Dl
1370 2051 313 313 De
(Term) 1401 2071 w
1941 2208 1941 2503 Dl
2355 2503 2355 2208 Dl
1784 2051 313 313 De
(Term) 1815 2071 w
2198 2051 313 313 De
(Term) 2229 2071 w
4860 3280 2030 3280 Dl
4778 2998 4859 2998 Dl
4860 2998 4860 1718 Dl
4875 1781 4860 1719 Dl
4844 1781 4859 1719 Dl
4564 3118 4564 3281 Dl
4596 3118 4596 3281 Dl
4533 3118 4533 3281 Dl
(Ethernet) 3622 2466 w
(Fiber Network) 3081 3452 w
4402 1699 4400 1671 Dl
4399 1671 4391 1643 Dl
4389 1643 4375 1615 Dl
4375 1615 4355 1588 Dl
4354 1588 4295 1534 Dl
4296 1532 4214 1478 Dl
4213 1478 4163 1454 Dl
4163 1454 4107 1436 Dl
4106 1436 4044 1424 Dl
4044 1423 3975 1417 Dl
3975 1416 3901 1416 Dl
3900 1416 3819 1421 Dl
3818 1421 3731 1431 Dl
3731 1431 3638 1447 Dl
3637 1448 2902 1599 Dl
2902 1601 2738 1629 Dl
2737 1629 2592 1641 Dl
2592 1642 2466 1639 Dl
2466 1638 2410 1631 Dl
2409 1629 2358 1617 Dl
2359 1618 2191 1576 Dl
2190 1575 2126 1565 Dl
2125 1565 2074 1562 Dl
1841 2998 1841 3490 Dl
1326 2998 1652 2998 Dl
1653 2998 1653 3490 Dl
1452 3830 1452 3491 Dl
1452 3491 2073 3491 Dl
2073 3491 2073 3830 Dl
2073 3830 1452 3830 Dl
1483 3799 1483 3523 Dl
1483 3522 2041 3522 Dl
2041 3522 2041 3798 Dl
2041 3799 1483 3799 Dl
(Datakit) 1589 3680 w
2073 3660 2327 3660 Dl
2327 3660 2327 4001 Dl
2170 4159 313 313 De
(Term) 2201 4179 w
1969 3830 1969 4002 Dl
1812 4159 313 313 De
(Term) 1843 4179 w
1599 3830 1599 4008 Dl
1436 4165 313 313 De
(Term) 1467 4185 w
8 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Figure) 900 4546 w
(1.) 1177 4546 w
(Structure) 1285 4546 w
(of) 1679 4546 w
(a) 1787 4546 w
(large) 1868 4546 w
(Plan) 2101 4546 w
(9) 2301 4546 w
(installation.) 2383 4546 w
8 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(CPU) 2902 4546 w
(servers) 3088 4546 w
(and) 3400 4546 w
(file) 3577 4546 w
(servers) 3731 4546 w
(share) 4044 4546 w
(fast) 4290 4546 w
(local-area) 4468 4546 w
(networks,) 900 4656 w
(while) 1320 4656 w
(terminals) 1561 4656 w
(use) 1962 4656 w
(slower) 2136 4656 w
(wider-area) 2427 4656 w
(networks) 2890 4656 w
(such) 3284 4656 w
(as) 3503 4656 w
(Ethernet,) 3625 4656 w
(Datakit,) 4014 4656 w
(or) 4354 4656 w
(telephone) 4473 4656 w
(lines) 900 4766 w
(to) 1113 4766 w
(connect) 1223 4766 w
(to) 1560 4766 w
(them.) 1670 4766 w
(Gateway) 1952 4766 w
(machines,) 2308 4766 w
(which) 2733 4766 w
(are) 2990 4766 w
(just) 3143 4766 w
(CPU) 3319 4766 w
(servers) 3504 4766 w
(connected) 3815 4766 w
(to) 4248 4766 w
(multiple) 4359 4766 w
(net\255) 4709 4766 w
(works,) 900 4886 w
(allow) 1183 4886 w
(machines) 1410 4886 w
(on) 1804 4886 w
(one) 1929 4886 w
(network) 2099 4886 w
(to) 2440 4886 w
(see) 2545 4886 w
(another.) 2702 4886 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 970 5162 w
(modern) 1200 5162 w
(style) 1625 5162 w
(of) 1900 5162 w
(computing) 2048 5162 w
(offers) 2618 5162 w
(each) 2951 5162 w
(user) 3225 5162 w
(a) 3485 5162 w
(dedicated) 3590 5162 w
(workstation) 4113 5162 w
(or) 4732 5162 w
(PC.) 4884 5162 w
(Plan) 720 5282 w
(9) 957 5282 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1020 5282 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 1052 5282 w
(approach) 1139 5282 w
(is) 1626 5282 w
(different.) 1741 5282 w
(The) 2258 5282 w
(various) 2474 5282 w
(machines) 2860 5282 w
(with) 3354 5282 w
(screens,) 3594 5282 w
(keyboards,) 4029 5282 w
(and) 4596 5282 w
(mice) 4811 5282 w
(all) 720 5402 w
(provide) 866 5402 w
(access) 1264 5402 w
(to) 1612 5402 w
(the) 1743 5402 w
(resources) 1931 5402 w
(of) 2434 5402 w
(the) 2565 5402 w
(network,) 2753 5402 w
(so) 3210 5402 w
(they) 3355 5402 w
(are) 3596 5402 w
(functionally) 3782 5402 w
(equivalent,) 4382 5402 w
(in) 4949 5402 w
(the) 720 5522 w
(manner) 914 5522 w
(of) 1322 5522 w
(the) 1459 5522 w
(terminals) 1653 5522 w
(attached) 2145 5522 w
(to) 2600 5522 w
(old) 2737 5522 w
(timesharing) 2929 5522 w
(systems.) 3545 5522 w
(When) 4038 5522 w
(someone) 4342 5522 w
(uses) 4820 5522 w
(the) 720 5642 w
(system,) 922 5642 w
(though,) 1341 5642 w
(the) 1766 5642 w
(terminal) 1968 5642 w
(is) 2417 5642 w
(temporarily) 2544 5642 w
(personalized) 3148 5642 w
(by) 3818 5642 w
(that) 3980 5642 w
(user.) 4219 5642 w
(Instead) 4541 5642 w
(of) 4942 5642 w
(customizing) 720 5762 w
(the) 1356 5762 w
(hardware,) 1553 5762 w
(Plan) 2077 5762 w
(9) 2320 5762 w
(offers) 2425 5762 w
(the) 2750 5762 w
(ability) 2947 5762 w
(to) 3283 5762 w
(customize) 3422 5762 w
(one) 3960 5762 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4139 5762 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 4171 5762 w
(view) 4263 5762 w
(of) 4518 5762 w
(the) 4657 5762 w
(sys\255) 4853 5762 w
(tem) 720 5882 w
(provided) 943 5882 w
(by) 1408 5882 w
(the) 1560 5882 w
(software.) 1752 5882 w
(That) 2268 5882 w
(customization) 2522 5882 w
(is) 3245 5882 w
(accomplished) 3363 5882 w
(by) 4065 5882 w
(giving) 4218 5882 w
(local,) 4552 5882 w
(per\255) 4847 5882 w
(sonal) 720 6002 w
(names) 1011 6002 w
(for) 1361 6002 w
(the) 1533 6002 w
(publicly) 1721 6002 w
(visible) 2132 6002 w
(resources) 2474 6002 w
(in) 2977 6002 w
(the) 3101 6002 w
(network.) 3289 6002 w
(Plan) 3778 6002 w
(9) 4012 6002 w
(provides) 4108 6002 w
(the) 4557 6002 w
(mech\255) 4745 6002 w
(anism) 720 6122 w
(to) 1059 6122 w
(assemble) 1207 6122 w
(a) 1711 6122 w
(personal) 1816 6122 w
(view) 2284 6122 w
(of) 2548 6122 w
(the) 2696 6122 w
(public) 2901 6122 w
(space) 3248 6122 w
(with) 3574 6122 w
(local) 3829 6122 w
(names) 4104 6122 w
(for) 4471 6122 w
(globally) 4660 6122 w
(accessible) 720 6242 w
(resources.) 1255 6242 w
(Since) 1832 6242 w
(the) 2127 6242 w
(most) 2325 6242 w
(important) 2610 6242 w
(resources) 3131 6242 w
(of) 3644 6242 w
(the) 3784 6242 w
(network) 3981 6242 w
(are) 4415 6242 w
(files,) 4609 6242 w
(the) 4885 6242 w
(model of that view is file-oriented.) 720 6362 w
(The) 970 6518 w
(client) 1194 6518 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1458 6518 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 1490 6518 w
(local) 1584 6518 w
(name) 1852 6518 w
(space) 2161 6518 w
(provides) 2480 6518 w
(a) 2939 6518 w
(way) 3038 6518 w
(to) 3266 6518 w
(customize) 3408 6518 w
(the) 3949 6518 w
(user) 4148 6518 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4358 6518 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 4390 6518 w
(view) 4485 6518 w
(of) 4743 6518 w
(the) 4885 6518 w
(network.) 720 6638 w
(The) 1213 6638 w
(services) 1431 6638 w
(available) 1855 6638 w
(in) 2315 6638 w
(the) 2443 6638 w
(network) 2635 6638 w
(all) 3064 6638 w
(export) 3214 6638 w
(file) 3570 6638 w
(hierarchies.) 3758 6638 w
(Those) 4391 6638 w
(impor\255) 4720 6638 w
(tant) 720 6758 w
(to) 944 6758 w
(the) 1075 6758 w
(user) 1263 6758 w
(are) 1506 6758 w
(gathered) 1691 6758 w
(together) 2156 6758 w
(into) 2601 6758 w
(a) 2823 6758 w
(custom) 2911 6758 w
(name) 3299 6758 w
(space;) 3598 6758 w
(those) 3939 6758 w
(of) 4240 6758 w
(no) 4372 6758 w
(immediate) 4529 6758 w
(interest) 720 6878 w
(are) 1130 6878 w
(ignored.) 1323 6878 w
(This) 1802 6878 w
(is) 2048 6878 w
(a) 2169 6878 w
(different) 2265 6878 w
(style) 2724 6878 w
(of) 2990 6878 w
(use) 3129 6878 w
(from) 3339 6878 w
(the) 3612 6878 w
(idea) 3808 6878 w
(of) 4051 6878 w
(a) 4189 6878 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 4284 6878 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(uniform) 4316 6878 w
(global) 4741 6878 w
(name) 720 6998 w
(space) 1019 6998 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1295 6998 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 1327 6998 w
(In) 1424 6998 w
(Plan) 1548 6998 w
(9,) 1782 6998 w
(there) 1910 6998 w
(are) 2196 6998 w
(known) 2382 6998 w
(names) 2736 6998 w
(for) 3087 6998 w
(services) 3260 6998 w
(and) 3681 6998 w
(uniform) 3895 6998 w
(names) 4314 6998 w
(for) 4665 6998 w
(files) 4838 6998 w
(exported) 720 7118 w
(by) 1202 7118 w
(those) 1361 7118 w
(services,) 1672 7118 w
(but) 2134 7118 w
(the) 2339 7118 w
(view) 2537 7118 w
(is) 2794 7118 w
(entirely) 2917 7118 w
(local.) 3322 7118 w
(As) 3654 7118 w
(an) 3817 7118 w
(analogy,) 3977 7118 w
(consider) 4428 7118 w
(the) 4885 7118 w
(difference) 720 7238 w
(between) 1263 7238 w
(the) 1725 7238 w
(phrase) 1935 7238 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 2318 7238 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(my) 2350 7238 w
(house) 2550 7238 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 2842 7238 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and) 2929 7238 w
(the) 3164 7238 w
(precise) 3374 7238 w
(address) 3776 7238 w
(of) 4212 7238 w
(the) 4366 7238 w
(speaker) 4577 7238 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4957 7238 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 4989 7238 w
cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
%%EndPage: 3 3
%%Page: 4 4
/saveobj save def
mark
4 pagesetup
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 4 \255) 2783 480 w
(home.) 720 840 w
(The) 1105 840 w
(latter) 1335 840 w
(may) 1639 840 w
(be) 1887 840 w
(used) 2054 840 w
(by) 2334 840 w
(anyone) 2497 840 w
(but) 2893 840 w
(the) 3103 840 w
(former) 3306 840 w
(is) 3683 840 w
(easier) 3811 840 w
(to) 4147 840 w
(say) 4293 840 w
(and) 4499 840 w
(makes) 4727 840 w
(sense) 720 960 w
(when) 1037 960 w
(spoken.) 1335 960 w
(It) 1791 960 w
(also) 1898 960 w
(changes) 2135 960 w
(meaning) 2575 960 w
(depending) 3035 960 w
(on) 3592 960 w
(who) 3756 960 w
(says) 3998 960 w
(it,) 4249 960 w
(yet) 4389 960 w
(that) 4576 960 w
(does) 4809 960 w
(not) 720 1080 w
(cause) 928 1080 w
(confusion.) 1251 1080 w
(Similarly,) 1839 1080 w
(in) 2330 1080 w
(Plan) 2469 1080 w
(9) 2718 1080 w
(the) 2829 1080 w
(name) 3032 1080 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev/cons) 3346 1080 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(always) 4042 1080 w
(refers) 4409 1080 w
(to) 4739 1080 w
(the) 4885 1080 w
(user) 720 1200 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 930 1200 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 962 1200 w
(terminal) 1055 1200 w
(and) 1499 1200 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/bin/date) 1721 1200 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(the) 2411 1200 w
(correct) 2608 1200 w
(version) 2988 1200 w
(of) 3383 1200 w
(the) 3524 1200 w
(date) 3722 1200 w
(command) 3976 1200 w
(to) 4497 1200 w
(run,) 4638 1200 w
(but) 4878 1200 w
(which) 720 1320 w
(files) 1035 1320 w
(those) 1271 1320 w
(names) 1572 1320 w
(represent) 1923 1320 w
(depends) 2419 1320 w
(on) 2866 1320 w
(circumstances) 3022 1320 w
(such) 3745 1320 w
(as) 4004 1320 w
(the) 4143 1320 w
(architecture) 4331 1320 w
(of) 4942 1320 w
(the) 720 1440 w
(machine) 920 1440 w
(executing) 1373 1440 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(date) 1894 1440 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 2182 1440 w
(Plan) 2292 1440 w
(9,) 2539 1440 w
(then,) 2680 1440 w
(has) 2975 1440 w
(local) 3189 1440 w
(name) 3460 1440 w
(spaces) 3772 1440 w
(that) 4145 1440 w
(obey) 4382 1440 w
(globally) 4660 1440 w
(understood) 720 1560 w
(conventions;) 1315 1560 w
(it) 1969 1560 w
(is) 2073 1560 w
(the) 2191 1560 w
(conventions) 2384 1560 w
(that) 3006 1560 w
(guarantee) 3235 1560 w
(sane) 3759 1560 w
(behavior) 4020 1560 w
(in) 4476 1560 w
(the) 4604 1560 w
(pres\255) 4796 1560 w
(ence of local names.) 720 1680 w
(The) 970 1836 w
(9P) 1195 1836 w
(protocol) 1357 1836 w
(is) 1805 1836 w
(structured) 1929 1836 w
(as) 2474 1836 w
(a) 2624 1836 w
(set) 2723 1836 w
(of) 2911 1836 w
(transactions) 3053 1836 w
(that) 3689 1836 w
(send) 3924 1836 w
(a) 4200 1836 w
(request) 4299 1836 w
(from) 4709 1836 w
(a) 4985 1836 w
(client) 720 1956 w
(to) 1028 1956 w
(a) 1170 1956 w
(\(local) 1269 1956 w
(or) 1571 1956 w
(remote\)) 1717 1956 w
(server) 2137 1956 w
(and) 2477 1956 w
(return) 2700 1956 w
(the) 3042 1956 w
(result.) 3240 1956 w
(9P) 3623 1956 w
(controls) 3784 1956 w
(file) 4220 1956 w
(systems,) 4414 1956 w
(not) 4880 1956 w
(just) 720 2076 w
(files:) 941 2076 w
(it) 1216 2076 w
(includes) 1323 2076 w
(procedures) 1767 2076 w
(to) 2353 2076 w
(resolve) 2493 2076 w
(file) 2881 2076 w
(names) 3074 2076 w
(and) 3433 2076 w
(traverse) 3655 2076 w
(the) 4086 2076 w
(name) 4283 2076 w
(hierarchy) 4591 2076 w
(of) 720 2196 w
(the) 854 2196 w
(file) 1045 2196 w
(system) 1232 2196 w
(provided) 1608 2196 w
(by) 2072 2196 w
(the) 2223 2196 w
(server.) 2414 2196 w
(On) 2810 2196 w
(the) 2985 2196 w
(other) 3175 2196 w
(hand,) 3467 2196 w
(the) 3776 2196 w
(client) 3966 2196 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4230 2196 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 4262 2196 w
(name) 4348 2196 w
(space) 4649 2196 w
(is) 4960 2196 w
(held) 720 2316 w
(by) 975 2316 w
(the) 1135 2316 w
(client) 1335 2316 w
(system) 1644 2316 w
(alone,) 2029 2316 w
(not) 2369 2316 w
(on) 2574 2316 w
(or) 2742 2316 w
(with) 2889 2316 w
(the) 3139 2316 w
(server,) 3339 2316 w
(a) 3713 2316 w
(distinction) 3814 2316 w
(from) 4371 2316 w
(systems) 4649 2316 w
(such) 720 2436 w
(as) 989 2436 w
(Sprite) 1138 2436 w
([OCDNW88].) 1461 2436 w
(Also,) 2142 2436 w
(file) 2427 2436 w
(access) 2621 2436 w
(is) 2979 2436 w
(at) 3102 2436 w
(the) 3236 2436 w
(level) 3433 2436 w
(of) 3697 2436 w
(bytes,) 3837 2436 w
(not) 4170 2436 w
(blocks,) 4372 2436 w
(which) 4759 2436 w
(distinguishes) 720 2556 w
(9P) 1408 2556 w
(from) 1570 2556 w
(protocols) 1846 2556 w
(like) 2345 2556 w
(NFS) 2561 2556 w
(and) 2787 2556 w
(RFS.) 3011 2556 w
(A) 3290 2556 w
(paper) 3403 2556 w
(by) 3725 2556 w
(Welch) 3884 2556 w
(compares) 4212 2556 w
(Sprite,) 4728 2556 w
(NFS, and Plan 9) 720 2676 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1474 2676 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s network file system structures [Welc94].) 1506 2676 w
(This) 970 2832 w
(approach) 1214 2832 w
(was) 1704 2832 w
(designed) 1926 2832 w
(with) 2407 2832 w
(traditional) 2651 2832 w
(files) 3188 2832 w
(in) 3429 2832 w
(mind,) 3560 2832 w
(but) 3879 2832 w
(can) 4081 2832 w
(be) 4289 2832 w
(extended) 4448 2832 w
(to) 4942 2832 w
(many) 720 2952 w
(other) 1026 2952 w
(resources.) 1327 2952 w
(Plan) 1905 2952 w
(9) 2150 2952 w
(services) 2256 2952 w
(that) 2686 2952 w
(export) 2920 2952 w
(file) 3282 2952 w
(hierarchies) 3476 2952 w
(include) 4052 2952 w
(I/O) 4447 2952 w
(devices,) 4650 2952 w
(backup) 720 3072 w
(services,) 1112 3072 w
(the) 1571 3072 w
(window) 1766 3072 w
(system,) 2175 3072 w
(network) 2587 3072 w
(interfaces,) 3020 3072 w
(and) 3568 3072 w
(many) 3789 3072 w
(others.) 4092 3072 w
(One) 4505 3072 w
(exam\255) 4742 3072 w
(ple) 720 3192 w
(is) 906 3192 w
(the) 1024 3192 w
(process) 1217 3192 w
(file) 1629 3192 w
(system,) 1818 3192 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/proc) 2228 3192 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2588 3192 w
(which) 2658 3192 w
(provides) 2976 3192 w
(a) 3429 3192 w
(clean) 3521 3192 w
(way) 3811 3192 w
(to) 4032 3192 w
(examine) 4167 3192 w
(and) 4616 3192 w
(con\255) 4833 3192 w
(trol) 720 3312 w
(running) 923 3312 w
(processes.) 1338 3312 w
(Precursor) 1918 3312 w
(systems) 2413 3312 w
(had) 2840 3312 w
(a) 3056 3312 w
(similar) 3147 3312 w
(idea) 3510 3312 w
([Kill84],) 3749 3312 w
(but) 4161 3312 w
(Plan) 4359 3312 w
(9) 4596 3312 w
(pushes) 4695 3312 w
(the) 720 3432 w
(file) 918 3432 w
(metaphor) 1112 3432 w
(much) 1623 3432 w
(further) 1934 3432 w
([PPTTW93].) 2313 3432 w
(The) 2934 3432 w
(file) 3158 3432 w
(system) 3352 3432 w
(model) 3735 3432 w
(is) 4080 3432 w
(well-understood,) 4202 3432 w
(both) 720 3552 w
(by) 984 3552 w
(system) 1140 3552 w
(builders) 1522 3552 w
(and) 1958 3552 w
(general) 2180 3552 w
(users,) 2583 3552 w
(so) 2918 3552 w
(services) 3072 3552 w
(that) 3501 3552 w
(present) 3734 3552 w
(file-like) 4142 3552 w
(interfaces) 4565 3552 w
(are) 720 3672 w
(easy) 918 3672 w
(to) 1178 3672 w
(build,) 1322 3672 w
(easy) 1645 3672 w
(to) 1904 3672 w
(understand,) 2047 3672 w
(and) 2676 3672 w
(easy) 2901 3672 w
(to) 3160 3672 w
(use.) 3303 3672 w
(Files) 3581 3672 w
(come) 3845 3672 w
(with) 4151 3672 w
(agreed-upon) 4401 3672 w
(rules) 720 3792 w
(for) 1006 3792 w
(protection,) 1192 3792 w
(naming,) 1769 3792 w
(and) 2211 3792 w
(access) 2439 3792 w
(both) 2802 3792 w
(local) 3073 3792 w
(and) 3346 3792 w
(remote,) 3574 3792 w
(so) 3998 3792 w
(services) 4158 3792 w
(built) 4593 3792 w
(this) 4861 3792 w
(way) 720 3912 w
(are) 968 3912 w
(ready-made) 1184 3912 w
(for) 1840 3912 w
(a) 2042 3912 w
(distributed) 2160 3912 w
(system.) 2754 3912 w
(\(This) 3221 3912 w
(is) 3522 3912 w
(a) 3665 3912 w
(distinction) 3783 3912 w
(from) 4357 3912 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 4652 3912 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(object-) 4684 3912 w
(oriented) 720 4032 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1125 4032 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(models,) 1209 4032 w
(where) 1646 4032 w
(these) 1990 4032 w
(issues) 2304 4032 w
(must) 2656 4032 w
(be) 2951 4032 w
(faced) 3122 4032 w
(anew) 3436 4032 w
(for) 3738 4032 w
(every) 3929 4032 w
(class) 4238 4032 w
(of) 4527 4032 w
(object.\)) 4677 4032 w
(Examples in the sections that follow illustrate these ideas in action.) 720 4152 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(The Command-level View) 720 4392 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Plan) 970 4548 w
(9) 1209 4548 w
(is) 1310 4548 w
(meant) 1428 4548 w
(to) 1769 4548 w
(be) 1905 4548 w
(used) 2062 4548 w
(from) 2332 4548 w
(a) 2602 4548 w
(machine) 2695 4548 w
(with) 3141 4548 w
(a) 3384 4548 w
(screen) 3477 4548 w
(running) 3832 4548 w
(the) 4251 4548 w
(window) 4445 4548 w
(sys\255) 4853 4548 w
(tem.) 720 4668 w
(It) 1019 4668 w
(has) 1134 4668 w
(no) 1351 4668 w
(notion) 1523 4668 w
(of) 1884 4668 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 2030 4668 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(teletype) 2062 4668 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 2448 4668 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(in) 2528 4668 w
(the) 2667 4668 w
(UNIX) 2870 4668 w
(sense.) 3153 4668 w
(The) 3541 4668 w
(keyboard) 3770 4668 w
(handling) 4267 4668 w
(of) 4739 4668 w
(the) 4885 4668 w
(bare) 720 4788 w
(system) 975 4788 w
(is) 1355 4788 w
(rudimentary,) 1475 4788 w
(but) 2138 4788 w
(once) 2340 4788 w
(the) 2610 4788 w
(window) 2805 4788 w
(system,) 3215 4788 w
(8\275) 3628 4788 w
([Pike91],) 3812 4788 w
(is) 4275 4788 w
(running,) 4396 4788 w
(text) 4849 4788 w
(can) 720 4908 w
(be) 921 4908 w
(edited) 1073 4908 w
(with) 1410 4908 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 1648 4908 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(cut) 1680 4908 w
(and) 1863 4908 w
(paste) 2076 4908 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 2338 4908 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(operations) 2403 4908 w
(from) 2952 4908 w
(a) 3217 4908 w
(pop-up) 3305 4908 w
(menu, copied between win\255) 3708 4908 w
(dows,) 720 5028 w
(and) 1045 5028 w
(so) 1266 5028 w
(on.) 1419 5028 w
(8\275) 1648 5028 w
(permits) 1833 5028 w
(editing) 2245 5028 w
(text) 2625 5028 w
(from) 2858 5028 w
(the) 3132 5028 w
(past,) 3329 5028 w
(not) 3609 5028 w
(just) 3811 5028 w
(on) 4033 5028 w
(the) 4198 5028 w
(current) 4395 5028 w
(input) 4787 5028 w
(line.) 720 5148 w
(The) 1000 5148 w
(text-editing) 1220 5148 w
(capabilities) 1846 5148 w
(of) 2432 5148 w
(8\275) 2569 5148 w
(are) 2751 5148 w
(strong) 2942 5148 w
(enough) 3295 5148 w
(to) 3699 5148 w
(displace) 3836 5148 w
(special) 4272 5148 w
(features) 4645 5148 w
(such) 720 5268 w
(as) 983 5268 w
(history) 1126 5268 w
(in) 1496 5268 w
(the) 1624 5268 w
(shell,) 1816 5268 w
(paging) 2112 5268 w
(and) 2482 5268 w
(scrolling,) 2699 5268 w
(and) 3183 5268 w
(mail) 3400 5268 w
(editors.) 3643 5268 w
(8\275) 4082 5268 w
(windows) 4262 5268 w
(do) 4719 5268 w
(not) 4880 5268 w
(support) 720 5388 w
(cursor) 1135 5388 w
(addressing) 1479 5388 w
(and,) 2048 5388 w
(except) 2296 5388 w
(for) 2656 5388 w
(one) 2831 5388 w
(terminal) 3046 5388 w
(emulator) 3484 5388 w
(to) 3954 5388 w
(simplify) 4088 5388 w
(connecting) 4507 5388 w
(to traditional systems, there is no cursor-addressing software in Plan 9.) 720 5508 w
(Each) 970 5664 w
(window) 1228 5664 w
(is) 1633 5664 w
(created) 1749 5664 w
(in) 2144 5664 w
(a) 2272 5664 w
(separate) 2364 5664 w
(name) 2815 5664 w
(space.) 3118 5664 w
(Adjustments) 3495 5664 w
(made) 4143 5664 w
(to) 4447 5664 w
(the) 4582 5664 w
(name) 4774 5664 w
(space) 720 5784 w
(in) 1039 5784 w
(a) 1173 5784 w
(window) 1271 5784 w
(do) 1682 5784 w
(not) 1848 5784 w
(affect) 2050 5784 w
(other) 2365 5784 w
(windows) 2664 5784 w
(or) 3126 5784 w
(programs,) 3270 5784 w
(making) 3811 5784 w
(it) 4212 5784 w
(safe) 4320 5784 w
(to) 4561 5784 w
(experi\255) 4701 5784 w
(ment) 720 5904 w
(with) 1013 5904 w
(local) 1263 5904 w
(modifications) 1533 5904 w
(to) 2236 5904 w
(the) 2379 5904 w
(name) 2579 5904 w
(space,) 2890 5904 w
(for) 3243 5904 w
(example) 3427 5904 w
(to) 3885 5904 w
(substitute) 4029 5904 w
(files) 4560 5904 w
(from) 4808 5904 w
(the) 720 6024 w
(dump) 909 6024 w
(file) 1223 6024 w
(system) 1407 6024 w
(when) 1780 6024 w
(debugging.) 2070 6024 w
(Once) 2688 6024 w
(the) 2968 6024 w
(debugging) 3156 6024 w
(is) 3710 6024 w
(done,) 3823 6024 w
(the) 4130 6024 w
(window) 4318 6024 w
(can) 4720 6024 w
(be) 4921 6024 w
(deleted) 720 6144 w
(and) 1115 6144 w
(all) 1330 6144 w
(trace) 1478 6144 w
(of) 1753 6144 w
(the) 1886 6144 w
(experimental) 2076 6144 w
(apparatus) 2749 6144 w
(is) 3266 6144 w
(gone.) 3382 6144 w
(Similar) 3723 6144 w
(arguments) 4089 6144 w
(apply) 4644 6144 w
(to) 4942 6144 w
(the) 720 6264 w
(private) 913 6264 w
(space) 1284 6264 w
(each) 1598 6264 w
(window) 1860 6264 w
(has) 2267 6264 w
(for) 2473 6264 w
(environment) 2650 6264 w
(variables,) 3298 6264 w
(notes) 3798 6264 w
(\(analogous) 4102 6264 w
(to) 4670 6264 w
(UNIX) 4805 6264 w
(signals\), etc.) 720 6384 w
(Each) 970 6540 w
(window) 1241 6540 w
(is) 1660 6540 w
(created) 1790 6540 w
(running) 2199 6540 w
(an) 2629 6540 w
(application,) 2796 6540 w
(such) 3412 6540 w
(as) 3688 6540 w
(the) 3844 6540 w
(shell,) 4049 6540 w
(with) 4358 6540 w
(standard) 4613 6540 w
(input) 720 6660 w
(and) 1009 6660 w
(output) 1225 6660 w
(connected) 1583 6660 w
(to) 2118 6660 w
(the) 2252 6660 w
(editable) 2443 6660 w
(text) 2867 6660 w
(of) 3094 6660 w
(the) 3228 6660 w
(window.) 3419 6660 w
(Each) 3888 6660 w
(window) 4146 6660 w
(also) 4551 6660 w
(has) 4782 6660 w
(a) 4985 6660 w
(private) 720 6780 w
(bitmap) 1107 6780 w
(and) 1501 6780 w
(multiplexed) 1735 6780 w
(access) 2367 6780 w
(to) 2737 6780 w
(the) 2890 6780 w
(keyboard,) 3100 6780 w
(mouse,) 3636 6780 w
(and) 4046 6780 w
(other) 4281 6780 w
(graphical) 4593 6780 w
(resources) 720 6900 w
(through) 1235 6900 w
(files) 1667 6900 w
(like) 1914 6900 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev/mouse) 2131 6900 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2851 6900 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev/bitblt) 2928 6900 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3720 6900 w
(and) 3796 6900 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev/cons) 4020 6900 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\(analo\255) 4712 6900 w
(gous) 720 7020 w
(to) 990 7020 w
(UNIX) 1122 7020 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1357 7020 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 1389 7020 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev/tty) 1474 7020 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\).) 2050 7020 w
(These) 2181 7020 w
(files) 2503 7020 w
(are) 2739 7020 w
(provided) 2925 7020 w
(by) 3387 7020 w
(8\275,) 3536 7020 w
(which) 3745 7020 w
(is) 4060 7020 w
(implemented) 4174 7020 w
(as) 4845 7020 w
(a) 4985 7020 w
(file) 720 7140 w
(server.) 904 7140 w
(Unlike) 1298 7140 w
(X) 1634 7140 w
(windows,) 1730 7140 w
(where a new application typically creates a new window to) 2215 7140 w
(run) 720 7260 w
(in,) 939 7260 w
(an) 1116 7260 w
(8\275) 1287 7260 w
(graphics) 1484 7260 w
(application) 1952 7260 w
(usually) 2540 7260 w
(runs) 2934 7260 w
(in) 3204 7260 w
(the) 3349 7260 w
(window) 3558 7260 w
(where) 3981 7260 w
(it) 4327 7260 w
(starts.) 4448 7260 w
(It) 4839 7260 w
(is) 4960 7260 w
cleartomark
showpage
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/saveobj save def
mark
5 pagesetup
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 5 \255) 2783 480 w
(possible) 720 840 w
(and) 1157 840 w
(efficient) 1371 840 w
(for) 1799 840 w
(an) 1972 840 w
(application) 2123 840 w
(to) 2691 840 w
(create) 2823 840 w
(a) 3152 840 w
(new) 3240 840 w
(window,) 3468 840 w
(but) 3902 840 w
(that) 4097 840 w
(is) 4321 840 w
(not) 4434 840 w
(the) 4627 840 w
(style) 4815 840 w
(of) 720 960 w
(the) 859 960 w
(system.) 1055 960 w
(Again) 1500 960 w
(contrasting) 1818 960 w
(to) 2407 960 w
(X,) 2546 960 w
(in) 2682 960 w
(which) 2814 960 w
(a) 3137 960 w
(remote) 3234 960 w
(application) 3620 960 w
(makes) 4196 960 w
(a) 4551 960 w
(network) 4648 960 w
(call) 720 1080 w
(to) 919 1080 w
(the) 1051 1080 w
(X) 1240 1080 w
(server) 1337 1080 w
(to) 1668 1080 w
(start) 1800 1080 w
(running,) 2055 1080 w
(a) 2501 1080 w
(remote) 2590 1080 w
(8\275) 2968 1080 w
(application) 3145 1080 w
(sees) 3713 1080 w
(the) 3961 1080 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(mouse) 4150 1080 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4510 1080 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(bitblt) 4576 1080 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 5008 1080 w
(and) 720 1200 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cons) 935 1200 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(files) 1258 1200 w
(for) 1495 1200 w
(the) 1669 1200 w
(window) 1859 1200 w
(as) 2263 1200 w
(usual) 2404 1200 w
(in) 2698 1200 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev) 2824 1200 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(;) 3112 1200 w
(it) 3179 1200 w
(does) 3280 1200 w
(not) 3546 1200 w
(know) 3741 1200 w
(whether) 4034 1200 w
(the) 4460 1200 w
(files) 4650 1200 w
(are) 4888 1200 w
(local.) 720 1320 w
(It) 1056 1320 w
(just) 1168 1320 w
(reads) 1394 1320 w
(and) 1706 1320 w
(writes) 1932 1320 w
(them) 2269 1320 w
(to) 2563 1320 w
(control) 2707 1320 w
(the) 3095 1320 w
(window;) 3296 1320 w
(the) 3743 1320 w
(network) 3944 1320 w
(connection) 4382 1320 w
(is) 4960 1320 w
(already there and multiplexed.) 720 1440 w
(The) 970 1596 w
(intended) 1186 1596 w
(style) 1649 1596 w
(of) 1909 1596 w
(use) 2042 1596 w
(is) 2246 1596 w
(to) 2361 1596 w
(run) 2494 1596 w
(interactive) 2694 1596 w
(applications) 3234 1596 w
(such) 3854 1596 w
(as) 4115 1596 w
(the) 4257 1596 w
(window) 4448 1596 w
(sys\255) 4853 1596 w
(tem) 720 1716 w
(and) 950 1716 w
(text) 1174 1716 w
(editor) 1408 1716 w
(on) 1738 1716 w
(the) 1904 1716 w
(terminal) 2102 1716 w
(and) 2547 1716 w
(to) 2770 1716 w
(run) 2911 1716 w
(computation-) 3119 1716 w
(or) 3831 1716 w
(file-intensive) 3976 1716 w
(applica\255) 4662 1716 w
(tions) 720 1836 w
(on) 1018 1836 w
(remote) 1199 1836 w
(servers.) 1601 1836 w
(Different) 2071 1836 w
(windows) 2559 1836 w
(may) 3038 1836 w
(be) 3297 1836 w
(running) 3475 1836 w
(programs) 3914 1836 w
(on) 4440 1836 w
(different) 4622 1836 w
(machines) 720 1956 w
(over) 1219 1956 w
(different) 1469 1956 w
(networks,) 1927 1956 w
(but) 2442 1956 w
(by) 2644 1956 w
(making) 2799 1956 w
(the) 3198 1956 w
(name) 3393 1956 w
(space) 3699 1956 w
(equivalent) 4015 1956 w
(in) 4556 1956 w
(all) 4687 1956 w
(win\255) 4839 1956 w
(dows,) 720 2076 w
(this) 1056 2076 w
(is) 1287 2076 w
(transparent:) 1419 2076 w
(the) 2063 2076 w
(same) 2270 2076 w
(commands) 2577 2076 w
(and) 3158 2076 w
(resources) 3391 2076 w
(are) 3914 2076 w
(available,) 4119 2076 w
(with) 4627 2076 w
(the) 4885 2076 w
(same names, wherever the computation is performed.) 720 2196 w
(The) 970 2352 w
(command) 1186 2352 w
(set) 1699 2352 w
(of) 1878 2352 w
(Plan) 2011 2352 w
(9) 2247 2352 w
(is) 2346 2352 w
(similar) 2462 2352 w
(to) 2825 2352 w
(that) 2959 2352 w
(of) 3186 2352 w
(UNIX.) 3320 2352 w
(The) 3655 2352 w
(commands) 3872 2352 w
(fall) 4437 2352 w
(into) 4623 2352 w
(sev\255) 4848 2352 w
(eral) 720 2472 w
(broad) 944 2472 w
(classes.) 1270 2472 w
(Some) 1721 2472 w
(are) 2028 2472 w
(new) 2223 2472 w
(programs) 2461 2472 w
(for) 2971 2472 w
(old) 3153 2472 w
(jobs:) 3349 2472 w
(programs) 3629 2472 w
(like) 4138 2472 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(ls) 4352 2472 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4496 2472 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cat) 4570 2472 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4786 2472 w
(and) 4860 2472 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(who) 720 2592 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(have) 968 2592 w
(familiar) 1226 2592 w
(names) 1627 2592 w
(and) 1977 2592 w
(functions) 2190 2592 w
(but) 2675 2592 w
(are) 2870 2592 w
(new,) 3055 2592 w
(simpler) 3315 2592 w
(implementations.) 3710 2592 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(Who) 4620 2592 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4836 2592 w
(for) 4901 2592 w
(example,) 720 2712 w
(is) 1215 2712 w
(a) 1345 2712 w
(shell) 1450 2712 w
(script,) 1727 2712 w
(while) 2081 2712 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(ps) 2384 2712 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(is) 2578 2712 w
(just) 2708 2712 w
(95) 2937 2712 w
(lines) 3112 2712 w
(of) 3388 2712 w
(C) 3535 2712 w
(code.) 3653 2712 w
(Some) 3997 2712 w
(commands) 4310 2712 w
(are) 4888 2712 w
(essentially) 720 2832 w
(the) 1268 2832 w
(same) 1464 2832 w
(as) 1760 2832 w
(their) 1908 2832 w
(UNIX) 2175 2832 w
(ancestors:) 2452 2832 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(awk) 2991 2832 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3207 2832 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(troff) 3281 2832 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3641 2832 w
(and) 3715 2832 w
(others) 3937 2832 w
(have) 4287 2832 w
(been) 4554 2832 w
(con\255) 4833 2832 w
(verted) 720 2952 w
(to) 1063 2952 w
(ANSI) 1199 2952 w
(C) 1463 2952 w
(and) 1570 2952 w
(extended) 1788 2952 w
(to) 2280 2952 w
(handle) 2415 2952 w
(Unicode,) 2779 2952 w
(but) 3239 2952 w
(are) 3438 2952 w
(still) 3627 2952 w
(the) 3839 2952 w
(familiar) 4031 2952 w
(tools.) 4436 2952 w
(Some) 4776 2952 w
(are) 720 3072 w
(entirely) 930 3072 w
(new) 1350 3072 w
(programs) 1603 3072 w
(for) 2128 3072 w
(old) 2325 3072 w
(niches:) 2536 3072 w
(the) 2937 3072 w
(shell) 3151 3072 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rc) 3437 3072 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3581 3072 w
(text) 3672 3072 w
(editor) 3922 3072 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(sam) 4268 3072 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4484 3072 w
(debugger) 4575 3072 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(acid) 720 3192 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 1008 3192 w
(and) 1074 3192 w
(others) 1287 3192 w
(displace) 1628 3192 w
(the) 2058 3192 w
(better-known) 2246 3192 w
(UNIX) 2947 3192 w
(tools) 3215 3192 w
(with) 3487 3192 w
(similar) 3725 3192 w
(jobs.) 4085 3192 w
(Finally,) 4387 3192 w
(about) 4762 3192 w
(half the commands are new.) 720 3312 w
(Compatibility) 970 3468 w
(was) 1657 3468 w
(not) 1881 3468 w
(a) 2082 3468 w
(requirement) 2178 3468 w
(for) 2815 3468 w
(the) 2995 3468 w
(system.) 3191 3468 w
(Where) 3636 3468 w
(the) 3978 3468 w
(old) 4174 3468 w
(commands) 4368 3468 w
(or) 4938 3468 w
(notation seemed good enough, we kept them.) 720 3588 w
(When they didn) 3026 3588 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 3780 3588 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(t, we replaced them.) 3812 3588 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(The File Server) 720 3828 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(A) 970 3984 w
(central) 1078 3984 w
(file) 1448 3984 w
(server) 1638 3984 w
(stores) 1974 3984 w
(permanent) 2310 3984 w
(files) 2874 3984 w
(and) 3115 3984 w
(presents) 3334 3984 w
(them) 3790 3984 w
(to) 4077 3984 w
(the) 4214 3984 w
(network) 4408 3984 w
(as) 4839 3984 w
(a) 4985 3984 w
(file) 720 4104 w
(hierarchy) 918 4104 w
(exported) 1414 4104 w
(using) 1899 4104 w
(9P.) 2212 4104 w
(The) 2441 4104 w
(server) 2669 4104 w
(is) 3013 4104 w
(a) 3140 4104 w
(stand-alone) 3242 4104 w
(system,) 3878 4104 w
(accessible) 4297 4104 w
(only) 4836 4104 w
(over) 720 4224 w
(the) 978 4224 w
(network,) 1181 4224 w
(designed) 1653 4224 w
(to) 2143 4224 w
(do) 2289 4224 w
(its) 2461 4224 w
(one) 2626 4224 w
(job) 2853 4224 w
(well.) 3055 4224 w
(It) 3359 4224 w
(runs) 3474 4224 w
(no) 3739 4224 w
(user) 3911 4224 w
(processes,) 4170 4224 w
(only) 4732 4224 w
(a) 4985 4224 w
(fixed) 720 4344 w
(set) 1005 4344 w
(of) 1188 4344 w
(routines) 1325 4344 w
(compiled) 1763 4344 w
(into) 2247 4344 w
(the) 2475 4344 w
(boot) 2669 4344 w
(image.) 2930 4344 w
(Rather) 3328 4344 w
(than) 3681 4344 w
(a) 3936 4344 w
(set) 4030 4344 w
(of) 4213 4344 w
(disks) 4350 4344 w
(or) 4641 4344 w
(sepa\255) 4782 4344 w
(rate) 720 4464 w
(file) 949 4464 w
(systems,) 1140 4464 w
(the) 1603 4464 w
(main) 1798 4464 w
(hierarchy) 2077 4464 w
(exported) 2566 4464 w
(by) 3044 4464 w
(the) 3200 4464 w
(server) 3396 4464 w
(is) 3734 4464 w
(a) 3855 4464 w
(single) 3951 4464 w
(tree,) 4281 4464 w
(represent\255) 4544 4464 w
(ing) 720 4584 w
(files) 913 4584 w
(on) 1155 4584 w
(many) 1318 4584 w
(disks.) 1620 4584 w
(That) 1976 4584 w
(hierarchy) 2233 4584 w
(is) 2722 4584 w
(shared) 2842 4584 w
(by) 3210 4584 w
(many) 3365 4584 w
(users) 3667 4584 w
(over) 3968 4584 w
(a) 4218 4584 w
(wide) 4313 4584 w
(area) 4577 4584 w
(on) 4823 4584 w
(a) 4985 4584 w
(variety of networks.) 720 4704 w
(Other) 1744 4704 w
(file) 2051 4704 w
(trees) 2235 4704 w
(exported) 2509 4704 w
(by) 2980 4704 w
(the) 3128 4704 w
(server) 3316 4704 w
(include) 3646 4704 w
(special-purpose) 4031 4704 w
(sys\255) 4853 4704 w
(tems such as temporary storage and, as explained below, a backup service.) 720 4824 w
(The file server has three levels of storage.) 970 4980 w
(The) 3074 4980 w
(central) 3288 4980 w
(server) 3652 4980 w
(in) 3982 4980 w
(our) 4106 4980 w
(installation) 4303 4980 w
(has) 4872 4980 w
(about) 720 5100 w
(100) 1031 5100 w
(megabytes) 1253 5100 w
(of) 1811 5100 w
(memory) 1942 5100 w
(buffers,) 2371 5100 w
(27) 2783 5100 w
(gigabytes) 2942 5100 w
(of) 3442 5100 w
(magnetic disks, and 350 giga\255) 3573 5100 w
(bytes) 720 5220 w
(of) 1017 5220 w
(bulk) 1153 5220 w
(storage) 1403 5220 w
(in) 1804 5220 w
(a) 1933 5220 w
(write-once-read-many) 2026 5220 w
(\(WORM\)) 3185 5220 w
(jukebox.) 3602 5220 w
(The) 4095 5220 w
(disk) 4314 5220 w
(is) 4553 5220 w
(a) 4671 5220 w
(cache) 4765 5220 w
(for) 720 5340 w
(the) 905 5340 w
(WORM) 1106 5340 w
(and) 1465 5340 w
(the) 1691 5340 w
(memory) 1892 5340 w
(is) 2333 5340 w
(a) 2458 5340 w
(cache) 2558 5340 w
(for) 2878 5340 w
(the) 3062 5340 w
(disk;) 3262 5340 w
(each) 3540 5340 w
(is) 3809 5340 w
(much) 3934 5340 w
(faster,) 4247 5340 w
(and) 4601 5340 w
(sees) 4826 5340 w
(about an order of magnitude more traffic, than the level) 720 5460 w
(it) 3478 5460 w
(caches.) 3577 5460 w
(The) 4000 5460 w
(addressable) 4214 5460 w
(data) 4830 5460 w
(in) 720 5580 w
(the) 856 5580 w
(file) 1056 5580 w
(system) 1252 5580 w
(can) 1637 5580 w
(be) 1850 5580 w
(larger) 2014 5580 w
(than) 2343 5580 w
(the) 2604 5580 w
(size) 2804 5580 w
(of) 3041 5580 w
(the) 3183 5580 w
(magnetic) 3382 5580 w
(disks,) 3871 5580 w
(because) 4199 5580 w
(they) 4637 5580 w
(are) 4888 5580 w
(only a cache; our main file server has about 40 gigabytes of active storage.) 720 5700 w
(The) 970 5856 w
(most) 1192 5856 w
(unusual) 1475 5856 w
(feature) 1899 5856 w
(of) 2284 5856 w
(the) 2423 5856 w
(file) 2619 5856 w
(server) 2811 5856 w
(comes) 3149 5856 w
(from) 3502 5856 w
(its) 3775 5856 w
(use) 3933 5856 w
(of) 4143 5856 w
(a) 4282 5856 w
(WORM) 4378 5856 w
(device) 4733 5856 w
(for) 720 5976 w
(stable) 901 5976 w
(storage.) 1234 5976 w
(Every) 1703 5976 w
(morning) 2000 5976 w
(at) 2452 5976 w
(5) 2586 5976 w
(o) 2691 5976 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 2752 5976 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(clock,) 2784 5976 w
(a) 3108 5976 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(dump) 3205 5976 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(of) 3524 5976 w
(the) 3664 5976 w
(file) 3861 5976 w
(system) 4053 5976 w
(occurs) 4434 5976 w
(auto\255) 4792 5976 w
(matically.) 720 6096 w
(The) 1265 6096 w
(file) 1497 6096 w
(system) 1699 6096 w
(is) 2090 6096 w
(frozen) 2221 6096 w
(and) 2586 6096 w
(all) 2817 6096 w
(blocks) 2981 6096 w
(modified) 3345 6096 w
(since) 3827 6096 w
(the) 4127 6096 w
(last) 4333 6096 w
(dump) 4556 6096 w
(are) 4888 6096 w
(queued) 720 6216 w
(to) 1116 6216 w
(be) 1248 6216 w
(written) 1401 6216 w
(to) 1774 6216 w
(the) 1906 6216 w
(WORM.) 2095 6216 w
(Once) 2506 6216 w
(the) 2787 6216 w
(blocks) 2976 6216 w
(are) 3323 6216 w
(queued,) 3509 6216 w
(service) 3937 6216 w
(is) 4307 6216 w
(restored) 4421 6216 w
(and) 4860 6216 w
(the) 720 6336 w
(read-only) 916 6336 w
(root) 1434 6336 w
(of) 1675 6336 w
(the) 1814 6336 w
(dumped) 2010 6336 w
(file) 2451 6336 w
(system) 2643 6336 w
(appears) 3024 6336 w
(in) 3449 6336 w
(a) 3581 6336 w
(hierarchy) 3677 6336 w
(of) 4167 6336 w
(all) 4306 6336 w
(dumps) 4461 6336 w
(ever) 4835 6336 w
(taken,) 720 6456 w
(named) 1069 6456 w
(by) 1447 6456 w
(its) 1611 6456 w
(date.) 1777 6456 w
(For) 2101 6456 w
(example,) 2306 6456 w
(the) 2800 6456 w
(directory) 3004 6456 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/n/dump/1995/0315) 3484 6456 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(is) 4757 6456 w
(the) 4885 6456 w
(root) 720 6576 w
(directory) 971 6576 w
(of) 1453 6576 w
(an) 1602 6576 w
(image) 1770 6576 w
(of) 2116 6576 w
(the) 2265 6576 w
(file) 2471 6576 w
(system) 2673 6576 w
(as) 3065 6576 w
(it) 3223 6576 w
(appeared) 3341 6576 w
(in) 3845 6576 w
(the) 3988 6576 w
(early) 4195 6576 w
(morning) 4480 6576 w
(of) 4942 6576 w
(March) 720 6696 w
(15,) 1059 6696 w
(1995.) 1261 6696 w
(It) 1621 6696 w
(takes) 1731 6696 w
(a) 2032 6696 w
(few) 2131 6696 w
(minutes) 2345 6696 w
(to) 2779 6696 w
(queue) 2921 6696 w
(the) 3264 6696 w
(blocks,) 3463 6696 w
(but) 3852 6696 w
(the) 4057 6696 w
(process) 4255 6696 w
(to) 4672 6696 w
(copy) 4813 6696 w
(blocks to the WORM, which runs in the background, may take hours.) 720 6816 w
(There) 970 6972 w
(are) 1289 6972 w
(two) 1482 6972 w
(ways) 1698 6972 w
(the) 1974 6972 w
(dump) 2170 6972 w
(file) 2492 6972 w
(system) 2684 6972 w
(is) 3065 6972 w
(used.) 3186 6972 w
(The) 3523 6972 w
(first) 3745 6972 w
(is) 3981 6972 w
(by) 4102 6972 w
(the) 4259 6972 w
(users) 4456 6972 w
(them\255) 4759 6972 w
(selves,) 720 7092 w
(who) 1081 7092 w
(can) 1315 7092 w
(browse) 1517 7092 w
(the) 1900 7092 w
(dump) 2089 7092 w
(file) 2403 7092 w
(system) 2587 7092 w
(directly) 2960 7092 w
(or) 3351 7092 w
(attach) 3486 7092 w
(pieces) 3816 7092 w
(of) 4155 7092 w
(it) 4286 7092 w
(to) 4385 7092 w
(their) 4516 7092 w
(name) 4774 7092 w
(space.) 720 7212 w
(For) 1097 7212 w
(example,) 1291 7212 w
(to) 1774 7212 w
(track) 1910 7212 w
(down) 2190 7212 w
(a) 2491 7212 w
(bug,) 2584 7212 w
(it) 2841 7212 w
(is) 2945 7212 w
(straightforward) 3063 7212 w
(to) 3850 7212 w
(try) 3986 7212 w
(the) 4154 7212 w
(compiler) 4347 7212 w
(from) 4808 7212 w
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10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 6 \255) 2783 480 w
(three) 720 840 w
(months) 1009 840 w
(ago) 1412 840 w
(or) 1627 840 w
(to) 1766 840 w
(link) 1901 840 w
(a) 2116 840 w
(program) 2208 840 w
(with) 2661 840 w
(yesterday) 2903 840 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 3366 840 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 3398 840 w
(library.) 3486 840 w
(With) 3897 840 w
(daily) 4148 840 w
(snapshots) 4413 840 w
(of) 4942 840 w
(all) 720 960 w
(files,) 882 960 w
(it) 1165 960 w
(is) 1280 960 w
(easy) 1409 960 w
(to) 1672 960 w
(find) 1819 960 w
(when) 2059 960 w
(a) 2365 960 w
(particular) 2469 960 w
(change) 2981 960 w
(was) 3378 960 w
(made) 3611 960 w
(or) 3928 960 w
(what) 4080 960 w
(changes) 4361 960 w
(were) 4810 960 w
(made) 720 1080 w
(on) 1022 1080 w
(a) 1180 1080 w
(particular) 1270 1080 w
(date.) 1768 1080 w
(People) 2078 1080 w
(feel) 2432 1080 w
(free) 2644 1080 w
(to) 2868 1080 w
(make) 3000 1080 w
(large) 3296 1080 w
(speculative) 3573 1080 w
(changes) 4148 1080 w
(to) 4581 1080 w
(files) 4713 1080 w
(in) 4949 1080 w
(the) 720 1200 w
(knowledge) 918 1200 w
(that) 1485 1200 w
(they) 1719 1200 w
(can) 1969 1200 w
(be) 2180 1200 w
(backed) 2342 1200 w
(out) 2731 1200 w
(with) 2934 1200 w
(a) 3182 1200 w
(single) 3281 1200 w
(copy) 3614 1200 w
(command.) 3885 1200 w
(There) 4471 1200 w
(is) 4793 1200 w
(no) 4917 1200 w
(backup) 720 1320 w
(system) 1119 1320 w
(as) 1506 1320 w
(such;) 1658 1320 w
(instead,) 1962 1320 w
(because) 2393 1320 w
(the) 2833 1320 w
(dump) 3034 1320 w
(is) 3361 1320 w
(in) 3487 1320 w
(the) 3624 1320 w
(file) 3825 1320 w
(name) 4022 1320 w
(space,) 4334 1320 w
(backup) 4688 1320 w
(problems can be solved with standard tools such as) 720 1440 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cp) 3267 1440 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3411 1440 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(ls) 3475 1440 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3619 1440 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(grep) 3683 1440 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(, and) 3971 1440 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(diff) 4247 1440 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 4535 1440 w
(The) 970 1596 w
(other) 1189 1596 w
(\(very) 1484 1596 w
(rare\)) 1757 1596 w
(use) 2022 1596 w
(is) 2230 1596 w
(complete) 2349 1596 w
(system) 2834 1596 w
(backup.) 3213 1596 w
(In) 3668 1596 w
(the) 3798 1596 w
(event) 3992 1596 w
(of) 4294 1596 w
(disaster,) 4431 1596 w
(the) 4885 1596 w
(active) 720 1716 w
(file) 1042 1716 w
(system) 1235 1716 w
(can) 1616 1716 w
(be) 1825 1716 w
(initialized) 1985 1716 w
(from) 2501 1716 w
(any) 2774 1716 w
(dump) 2984 1716 w
(by) 3306 1716 w
(clearing) 3462 1716 w
(the) 3888 1716 w
(disk) 4084 1716 w
(cache) 4326 1716 w
(and) 4642 1716 w
(set\255) 4863 1716 w
(ting the root of the active file system to be a copy of the dumped root.) 720 1836 w
(Although) 4218 1836 w
(easy) 4695 1836 w
(to) 4942 1836 w
(do,) 720 1956 w
(this) 914 1956 w
(is) 1131 1956 w
(not) 1249 1956 w
(to) 1447 1956 w
(be) 1583 1956 w
(taken) 1740 1956 w
(lightly:) 2046 1956 w
(besides) 2415 1956 w
(losing) 2821 1956 w
(any) 3152 1956 w
(change) 3358 1956 w
(made) 3743 1956 w
(after) 4047 1956 w
(the) 4310 1956 w
(date) 4502 1956 w
(of) 4750 1956 w
(the) 4885 1956 w
(dump,) 720 2076 w
(this) 1069 2076 w
(recovery) 1284 2076 w
(method) 1730 2076 w
(results) 2138 2076 w
(in) 2501 2076 w
(a) 2628 2076 w
(very) 2719 2076 w
(slow) 2956 2076 w
(system.) 3210 2076 w
(The) 3650 2076 w
(cache) 3868 2076 w
(must) 4180 2076 w
(be) 4460 2076 w
(reloaded) 4616 2076 w
(from) 720 2196 w
(WORM,) 1000 2196 w
(which) 1393 2196 w
(is) 1722 2196 w
(much) 1850 2196 w
(slower) 2166 2196 w
(than) 2529 2196 w
(magnetic) 2793 2196 w
(disks.) 3286 2196 w
(The) 3650 2196 w
(file) 3879 2196 w
(system) 4077 2196 w
(takes) 4464 2196 w
(a) 4768 2196 w
(few) 4870 2196 w
(days to reload the working set and regain its full performance.) 720 2316 w
(Access) 970 2472 w
(permissions) 1334 2472 w
(of) 1956 2472 w
(files) 2089 2472 w
(in) 2326 2472 w
(the) 2452 2472 w
(dump) 2642 2472 w
(are) 2958 2472 w
(the) 3145 2472 w
(same) 3335 2472 w
(as) 3625 2472 w
(they) 3766 2472 w
(were) 4009 2472 w
(when) 4275 2472 w
(the) 4568 2472 w
(dump) 4759 2472 w
(was) 720 2592 w
(made.) 949 2592 w
(Normal) 1326 2592 w
(utilities) 1725 2592 w
(have) 2130 2592 w
(normal) 2401 2592 w
(permissions) 2788 2592 w
(in) 3420 2592 w
(the) 3556 2592 w
(dump) 3756 2592 w
(without) 4082 2592 w
(any) 4492 2592 w
(special) 4706 2592 w
(arrangement.) 720 2712 w
(The) 1440 2712 w
(dump) 1657 2712 w
(file) 1975 2712 w
(system) 2163 2712 w
(is) 2540 2712 w
(read-only,) 2657 2712 w
(though,) 3203 2712 w
(which) 3618 2712 w
(means) 3936 2712 w
(that) 4290 2712 w
(files) 4518 2712 w
(in) 4757 2712 w
(the) 4885 2712 w
(dump) 720 2832 w
(cannot) 1037 2832 w
(be) 1401 2832 w
(written) 1556 2832 w
(regardless) 1930 2832 w
(of) 2470 2832 w
(their) 2603 2832 w
(permission) 2863 2832 w
(bits;) 3434 2832 w
(in) 3681 2832 w
(fact,) 3807 2832 w
(since) 4054 2832 w
(directories) 4338 2832 w
(are) 4888 2832 w
(part of the read-only structure, even the permissions cannot be changed.) 720 2952 w
(Once) 970 3108 w
(a) 1271 3108 w
(file) 1380 3108 w
(is) 1585 3108 w
(written) 1719 3108 w
(to) 2113 3108 w
(WORM,) 2266 3108 w
(it) 2666 3108 w
(cannot) 2787 3108 w
(be) 3170 3108 w
(removed,) 3344 3108 w
(so) 3853 3108 w
(our) 4020 3108 w
(users) 4239 3108 w
(never) 4555 3108 w
(see) 4877 3108 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 720 3228 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(please) 784 3228 w
(clean) 1143 3228 w
(up) 1445 3228 w
(your) 1619 3228 w
(files) 1883 3228 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 2085 3228 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(messages) 2197 3228 w
(and) 2720 3228 w
(there) 2948 3228 w
(is) 3248 3228 w
(no) 3376 3228 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(df) 3547 3228 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(command.) 3739 3228 w
(We) 4329 3228 w
(regard) 4519 3228 w
(the) 4885 3228 w
(WORM) 720 3348 w
(jukebox) 1072 3348 w
(as) 1502 3348 w
(an) 1647 3348 w
(unlimited) 1803 3348 w
(resource.) 2302 3348 w
(The) 2824 3348 w
(only) 3044 3348 w
(issue) 3287 3348 w
(is) 3576 3348 w
(how) 3696 3348 w
(long) 3936 3348 w
(it) 4190 3348 w
(will) 4296 3348 w
(take) 4500 3348 w
(to) 4746 3348 w
(fill.) 4884 3348 w
(Our) 720 3468 w
(WORM) 942 3468 w
(has) 1296 3468 w
(served) 1505 3468 w
(a) 1865 3468 w
(community) 1961 3468 w
(of) 2542 3468 w
(about) 2681 3468 w
(50) 3000 3468 w
(users) 3167 3468 w
(for) 3469 3468 w
(five) 3649 3468 w
(years) 3864 3468 w
(and) 4159 3468 w
(has) 4379 3468 w
(absorbed) 4587 3468 w
(daily) 720 3588 w
(dumps,) 987 3588 w
(consuming) 1390 3588 w
(a) 1962 3588 w
(total) 2056 3588 w
(of) 2314 3588 w
(65%) 2451 3588 w
(of) 2683 3588 w
(the) 2820 3588 w
(storage) 3014 3588 w
(in) 3416 3588 w
(the) 3546 3588 w
(jukebox.) 3741 3588 w
(In) 4236 3588 w
(that) 4367 3588 w
(time,) 4598 3588 w
(the) 4885 3588 w
(manufacturer) 720 3708 w
(has) 1434 3708 w
(improved) 1664 3708 w
(the) 2184 3708 w
(technology,) 2401 3708 w
(doubling) 3028 3708 w
(the) 3521 3708 w
(capacity) 3738 3708 w
(of) 4192 3708 w
(the) 4351 3708 w
(individual) 4567 3708 w
(disks.) 720 3828 w
(If) 1072 3828 w
(we) 1174 3828 w
(were) 1343 3828 w
(to) 1609 3828 w
(upgrade) 1744 3828 w
(to) 2183 3828 w
(the) 2318 3828 w
(new) 2510 3828 w
(media,) 2742 3828 w
(we) 3107 3828 w
(would) 3277 3828 w
(have) 3606 3828 w
(more) 3868 3828 w
(free) 4156 3828 w
(space) 4383 3828 w
(than) 4696 3828 w
(in) 4949 3828 w
(the original empty jukebox.) 720 3948 w
(Technology has created storage faster than we can use it.) 2127 3948 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(Unusual file servers) 720 4188 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Plan) 970 4344 w
(9) 1224 4344 w
(is) 1340 4344 w
(characterized) 1473 4344 w
(by) 2181 4344 w
(a) 2350 4344 w
(variety) 2459 4344 w
(of) 2835 4344 w
(servers) 2987 4344 w
(that) 3389 4344 w
(offer) 3634 4344 w
(a) 3920 4344 w
(file-like) 4029 4344 w
(interface) 4464 4344 w
(to) 4942 4344 w
(unusual) 720 4464 w
(services.) 1138 4464 w
(Many) 1624 4464 w
(of) 1914 4464 w
(these) 2047 4464 w
(are) 2344 4464 w
(implemented) 2530 4464 w
(by) 3201 4464 w
(user-level) 3350 4464 w
(processes,) 3874 4464 w
(although) 4421 4464 w
(the) 4885 4464 w
(distinction) 720 4584 w
(is) 1267 4584 w
(unimportant) 1383 4584 w
(to) 2021 4584 w
(their) 2155 4584 w
(clients;) 2416 4584 w
(whether) 2799 4584 w
(a) 3226 4584 w
(service) 3317 4584 w
(is) 3689 4584 w
(provided) 3805 4584 w
(by) 4270 4584 w
(the) 4422 4584 w
(kernel,) 4614 4584 w
(a) 4985 4584 w
(user) 720 4704 w
(process,) 966 4704 w
(or) 1408 4704 w
(a) 1546 4704 w
(remote) 1637 4704 w
(server) 2017 4704 w
(is) 2350 4704 w
(irrelevant) 2466 4704 w
(to) 2960 4704 w
(the) 3094 4704 w
(way) 3285 4704 w
(it) 3505 4704 w
(is) 3607 4704 w
(used.) 3723 4704 w
(There) 4055 4704 w
(are) 4369 4704 w
(dozens) 4557 4704 w
(of) 4942 4704 w
(such servers; in this section we present three representative ones.) 720 4824 w
(Perhaps) 970 4980 w
(the) 1393 4980 w
(most) 1588 4980 w
(remarkable) 1870 4980 w
(file) 2457 4980 w
(server) 2649 4980 w
(in) 2987 4980 w
(Plan) 3119 4980 w
(9) 3361 4980 w
(is) 3465 4980 w
(8\275,) 3586 4980 w
(the) 3802 4980 w
(window) 3998 4980 w
(system.) 4408 4980 w
(It) 4853 4980 w
(is) 4960 4980 w
(discussed) 720 5100 w
(at) 1237 5100 w
(length) 1369 5100 w
(elsewhere) 1717 5100 w
([Pike91],) 2241 5100 w
(but) 2703 5100 w
(deserves) 2905 5100 w
(a) 3371 5100 w
(brief) 3466 5100 w
(explanation) 3732 5100 w
(here.) 4342 5100 w
(8\275) 4660 5100 w
(pro\255) 4842 5100 w
(vides) 720 5220 w
(two) 1017 5220 w
(interfaces:) 1238 5220 w
(to) 1791 5220 w
(the) 1935 5220 w
(user) 2136 5220 w
(seated) 2393 5220 w
(at) 2758 5220 w
(the) 2897 5220 w
(terminal,) 3099 5220 w
(it) 3580 5220 w
(offers) 3693 5220 w
(a) 4023 5220 w
(traditional) 4125 5220 w
(style) 4670 5220 w
(of) 4942 5220 w
(interaction) 720 5340 w
(with) 1303 5340 w
(multiple) 1571 5340 w
(windows,) 2032 5340 w
(each) 2546 5340 w
(running) 2832 5340 w
(an) 3274 5340 w
(application,) 3453 5340 w
(all) 4081 5340 w
(controlled) 4256 5340 w
(by) 4808 5340 w
(a) 4985 5340 w
(mouse) 720 5460 w
(and) 1092 5460 w
(keyboard.) 1321 5460 w
(To) 1883 5460 w
(the) 2056 5460 w
(client) 2261 5460 w
(programs,) 2575 5460 w
(the) 3124 5460 w
(view) 3329 5460 w
(is) 3593 5460 w
(also) 3723 5460 w
(fairly) 3969 5460 w
(traditional:) 4262 5460 w
(pro\255) 4842 5460 w
(grams) 720 5580 w
(running) 1056 5580 w
(in) 1470 5580 w
(a) 1595 5580 w
(window) 1684 5580 w
(see) 2086 5580 w
(a) 2282 5580 w
(set) 2370 5580 w
(of) 2547 5580 w
(files) 2678 5580 w
(in) 2913 5580 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev) 3037 5580 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(with) 3358 5580 w
(names) 3596 5580 w
(like) 3946 5580 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(mouse) 4151 5580 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4511 5580 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(screen) 4576 5580 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 5008 5580 w
(and) 720 5700 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cons) 941 5700 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 1229 5700 w
(Programs) 1334 5700 w
(that) 1834 5700 w
(want) 2066 5700 w
(to) 2338 5700 w
(print) 2477 5700 w
(text) 2750 5700 w
(to) 2982 5700 w
(their) 3121 5700 w
(window) 3387 5700 w
(write) 3798 5700 w
(to) 4080 5700 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev/cons) 4220 5700 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(;) 4868 5700 w
(to) 4942 5700 w
(read) 720 5820 w
(the) 970 5820 w
(mouse,) 1160 5820 w
(they) 1550 5820 w
(read) 1792 5820 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev/mouse) 2042 5820 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 2762 5820 w
(In) 2861 5820 w
(the) 2987 5820 w
(Plan) 3177 5820 w
(9) 3413 5820 w
(style,) 3510 5820 w
(bitmap) 3801 5820 w
(graphics) 4175 5820 w
(is) 4623 5820 w
(imple\255) 4737 5820 w
(mented) 720 5940 w
(by) 1123 5940 w
(providing) 1274 5940 w
(a) 1772 5940 w
(file) 1863 5940 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev/bitblt) 2050 5940 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(on) 2878 5940 w
(which) 3037 5940 w
(clients) 3354 5940 w
(write) 3705 5940 w
(encoded) 3981 5940 w
(messages) 4430 5940 w
(to) 4942 5940 w
(execute) 720 6060 w
(graphical) 1139 6060 w
(operations) 1626 6060 w
(such) 2182 6060 w
(as) 2448 6060 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(bitblt) 2594 6060 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\(RasterOp\).) 3066 6060 w
(What) 3680 6060 w
(is) 3960 6060 w
(unusual) 4080 6060 w
(is) 4503 6060 w
(how) 4622 6060 w
(this) 4861 6060 w
(is) 720 6180 w
(done:) 836 6180 w
(8\275) 1146 6180 w
(is) 1325 6180 w
(a) 1441 6180 w
(file) 1532 6180 w
(server,) 1719 6180 w
(serving) 2084 6180 w
(the) 2473 6180 w
(files) 2664 6180 w
(in) 2902 6180 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev) 3029 6180 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(to) 3354 6180 w
(the) 3489 6180 w
(clients) 3681 6180 w
(running) 4033 6180 w
(in) 4450 6180 w
(each) 4578 6180 w
(win\255) 4839 6180 w
(dow.) 720 6300 w
(Although) 1018 6300 w
(every) 1495 6300 w
(window) 1785 6300 w
(looks) 2187 6300 w
(the same to its client, each window has a distinct set) 2480 6300 w
(of) 720 6420 w
(files) 857 6420 w
(in) 1098 6420 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev) 1228 6420 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 1516 6420 w
(8\275) 1619 6420 w
(multiplexes) 1802 6420 w
(its) 2408 6420 w
(clients) 2565 6420 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 2880 6420 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(access) 2952 6420 w
(to) 3307 6420 w
(the) 3445 6420 w
(resources) 3640 6420 w
(of) 4150 6420 w
(the) 4288 6420 w
(terminal) 4483 6420 w
(by) 4925 6420 w
(serving) 720 6540 w
(multiple) 1112 6540 w
(sets) 1549 6540 w
(of) 1783 6540 w
(files.) 1919 6540 w
(Each) 2223 6540 w
(client) 2483 6540 w
(is) 2785 6540 w
(given) 2903 6540 w
(a) 3202 6540 w
(private) 3295 6540 w
(name) 3666 6540 w
(space) 3970 6540 w
(with) 4284 6540 w
(a) 4527 6540 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(different) 4620 6540 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(set) 720 6660 w
(of) 897 6660 w
(files) 1028 6660 w
(that) 1264 6660 w
(behave) 1489 6660 w
(the) 1867 6660 w
(same) 2056 6660 w
(as) 2345 6660 w
(in) 2485 6660 w
(all) 2610 6660 w
(other) 2757 6660 w
(windows.) 3048 6660 w
(There) 3566 6660 w
(are) 3878 6660 w
(many) 4064 6660 w
(advantages) 4360 6660 w
(to) 4942 6660 w
(this) 720 6780 w
(structure.) 992 6780 w
(One) 1587 6780 w
(is) 1876 6780 w
(that) 2049 6780 w
(8\275) 2333 6780 w
(serves) 2569 6780 w
(the) 2969 6780 w
(same) 3217 6780 w
(files) 3565 6780 w
(it) 3860 6780 w
(needs) 4019 6780 w
(for) 4400 6780 w
(its) 4631 6780 w
(own) 4840 6780 w
(implementation) 720 6900 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\024) 1482 6900 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(it) 1582 6900 w
(multiplexes) 1700 6900 w
(its) 2318 6900 w
(own) 2487 6900 w
(interface) 2739 6900 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\024) 3163 6900 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(so) 3263 6900 w
(it) 3427 6900 w
(may) 3546 6900 w
(be) 3799 6900 w
(run,) 3971 6900 w
(recursively,) 4221 6900 w
(as) 4826 6900 w
(a) 4985 6900 w
(client) 720 7020 w
(of) 1054 7020 w
(itself.) 1222 7020 w
(Also,) 1595 7020 w
(consider) 1907 7020 w
(the) 2391 7020 w
(implementation) 2616 7020 w
(of) 3448 7020 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev/tty) 3616 7020 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(in) 4262 7020 w
(UNIX,) 4423 7020 w
(which) 4759 7020 w
(requires) 720 7140 w
(special) 1171 7140 w
(code) 1557 7140 w
(in) 1840 7140 w
(the) 1983 7140 w
(kernel) 2190 7140 w
(to) 2544 7140 w
(redirect) 2694 7140 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(open) 3120 7140 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(calls) 3460 7140 w
(to) 3727 7140 w
(the) 3877 7140 w
(appropriate) 4084 7140 w
(device.) 4701 7140 w
(Instead,) 720 7260 w
(in) 1144 7260 w
(8\275) 1274 7260 w
(the) 1456 7260 w
(equivalent) 1650 7260 w
(service) 2190 7260 w
(falls) 2565 7260 w
(out) 2805 7260 w
(automatically:) 3004 7260 w
(8\275) 3720 7260 w
(serves) 3902 7260 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev/cons) 4248 7260 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(as) 4934 7260 w
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10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 7 \255) 2783 480 w
(its) 720 840 w
(basic) 871 840 w
(function;) 1155 840 w
(there) 1623 840 w
(is) 1910 840 w
(nothing) 2025 840 w
(extra) 2435 840 w
(to) 2720 840 w
(do.) 2853 840 w
(When) 3076 840 w
(a) 3377 840 w
(program) 3467 840 w
(wants) 3918 840 w
(to) 4235 840 w
(read) 4368 840 w
(from) 4618 840 w
(the) 4885 840 w
(keyboard,) 720 960 w
(it) 1245 960 w
(opens) 1355 960 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev/cons) 1692 960 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2340 960 w
(but) 2416 960 w
(it) 2622 960 w
(is) 2732 960 w
(a) 2856 960 w
(private) 2955 960 w
(file,) 3332 960 w
(not) 3559 960 w
(a) 3763 960 w
(shared) 3862 960 w
(one) 4234 960 w
(with) 4457 960 w
(special) 4706 960 w
(properties.) 720 1080 w
(Again,) 1318 1080 w
(local) 1663 1080 w
(name) 1924 1080 w
(spaces) 2226 1080 w
(make) 2589 1080 w
(this) 2887 1080 w
(possible;) 3102 1080 w
(conventions) 3574 1080 w
(about) 4195 1080 w
(the) 4510 1080 w
(consis\255) 4702 1080 w
(tency of the files within them make it natural.) 720 1200 w
(8\275 has a unique) 970 1356 w
(feature) 1799 1356 w
(made) 2176 1356 w
(possible) 2476 1356 w
(by) 2912 1356 w
(its) 3060 1356 w
(design.) 3210 1356 w
(Because) 3630 1356 w
(it) 4052 1356 w
(is) 4151 1356 w
(implemented) 4264 1356 w
(as) 4934 1356 w
(a) 720 1476 w
(file) 813 1476 w
(server,) 1002 1476 w
(it) 1369 1476 w
(has) 1473 1476 w
(the) 1679 1476 w
(power) 1872 1476 w
(to) 2207 1476 w
(postpone) 2342 1476 w
(answering) 2833 1476 w
(read) 3365 1476 w
(requests) 3617 1476 w
(for) 4071 1476 w
(a) 4247 1476 w
(particular) 4339 1476 w
(win\255) 4839 1476 w
(dow.) 720 1596 w
(This) 1026 1596 w
(behavior) 1272 1596 w
(is) 1732 1596 w
(toggled) 1853 1596 w
(by) 2264 1596 w
(a) 2420 1596 w
(reserved) 2516 1596 w
(key) 2974 1596 w
(on) 3182 1596 w
(the) 3347 1596 w
(keyboard.) 3544 1596 w
(Toggling) 4099 1596 w
(once) 4571 1596 w
(sus\255) 4843 1596 w
(pends) 720 1716 w
(client) 1080 1716 w
(reads) 1409 1716 w
(from) 1740 1716 w
(the) 2037 1716 w
(window;) 2257 1716 w
(toggling) 2723 1716 w
(again) 3191 1716 w
(resumes) 3518 1716 w
(normal) 3992 1716 w
(reads,) 4397 1716 w
(which) 4759 1716 w
(absorb) 720 1836 w
(whatever) 1088 1836 w
(text) 1558 1836 w
(has) 1783 1836 w
(been) 1985 1836 w
(prepared,) 2256 1836 w
(one) 2760 1836 w
(line) 2973 1836 w
(at) 3183 1836 w
(a) 3309 1836 w
(time.) 3398 1836 w
(This) 3711 1836 w
(allows) 3950 1836 w
(the) 4287 1836 w
(user) 4477 1836 w
(to) 4722 1836 w
(edit) 4855 1836 w
(multi-line) 720 1956 w
(input) 1243 1956 w
(text) 1535 1956 w
(on) 1765 1956 w
(the) 1927 1956 w
(screen) 2121 1956 w
(before) 2477 1956 w
(the) 2830 1956 w
(application) 3024 1956 w
(sees) 3597 1956 w
(it,) 3850 1956 w
(obviating) 3986 1956 w
(the) 4474 1956 w
(need) 4667 1956 w
(to) 4942 1956 w
(invoke) 720 2076 w
(a) 1081 2076 w
(separate) 1179 2076 w
(editor) 1636 2076 w
(to) 1966 2076 w
(prepare) 2107 2076 w
(text) 2525 2076 w
(such) 2759 2076 w
(as) 3028 2076 w
(mail) 3177 2076 w
(messages.) 3426 2076 w
(A) 4008 2076 w
(related) 4121 2076 w
(property) 4502 2076 w
(is) 4960 2076 w
(that) 720 2196 w
(reads) 944 2196 w
(are) 1243 2196 w
(answered) 1428 2196 w
(directly) 1922 2196 w
(from) 2313 2196 w
(the) 2578 2196 w
(data) 2766 2196 w
(structure) 3009 2196 w
(defining) 3480 2196 w
(the) 3913 2196 w
(text on the display:) 4101 2196 w
(text) 720 2316 w
(may) 944 2316 w
(be) 1177 2316 w
(edited) 1329 2316 w
(until) 1666 2316 w
(its) 1918 2316 w
(final) 2068 2316 w
(newline) 2313 2316 w
(makes) 2717 2316 w
(the) 3063 2316 w
(prepared) 3251 2316 w
(line) 3722 2316 w
(of) 3931 2316 w
(text) 4062 2316 w
(readable) 4286 2316 w
(by) 4737 2316 w
(the) 4885 2316 w
(client.) 720 2436 w
(Even) 1083 2436 w
(then,) 1342 2436 w
(until) 1625 2436 w
(the) 1878 2436 w
(line) 2067 2436 w
(is) 2277 2436 w
(read,) 2391 2436 w
(the) 2672 2436 w
(text) 2861 2436 w
(the) 3086 2436 w
(client) 3275 2436 w
(will) 3573 2436 w
(read) 3771 2436 w
(can) 4020 2436 w
(be) 4222 2436 w
(changed.) 4375 2436 w
(For) 4884 2436 w
(example, after typing) 720 2556 w
9 /LucidaTypewriter f
(%) 920 2726 w
(make) 1050 2726 w
(rm) 920 2836 w
(*) 1115 2836 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(to) 720 3016 w
(the) 860 3016 w
(shell,) 1057 3016 w
(the) 1358 3016 w
(user) 1555 3016 w
(can) 1807 3016 w
(backspace) 2017 3016 w
(over) 2562 3016 w
(the) 2814 3016 w
(final) 3012 3016 w
(newline) 3267 3016 w
(at) 3681 3016 w
(any) 3816 3016 w
(time) 4028 3016 w
(until) 4286 3016 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(make) 4548 3016 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(fin\255) 4879 3016 w
(ishes,) 720 3136 w
(holding) 1043 3136 w
(off) 1453 3136 w
(execution) 1630 3136 w
(of) 2146 3136 w
(the) 2285 3136 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rm) 2481 3136 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(command,) 2666 3136 w
(or) 3217 3136 w
(even) 3360 3136 w
(point) 3627 3136 w
(with) 3920 3136 w
(the) 4166 3136 w
(mouse) 4362 3136 w
(before) 4726 3136 w
(the) 720 3256 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rm) 907 3256 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and type another command to be executed first.) 1083 3256 w
(There is no) 970 3412 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(ftp) 1547 3412 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(command in Plan 9.) 1795 3412 w
(Instead,) 2821 3412 w
(a) 3239 3412 w
(user-level) 3327 3412 w
(file) 3850 3412 w
(server) 4034 3412 w
(called) 4364 3412 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(ftpfs) 4680 3412 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(dials) 720 3532 w
(the) 989 3532 w
(FTP) 1186 3532 w
(site,) 1400 3532 w
(logs) 1647 3532 w
(in) 1892 3532 w
(on) 2025 3532 w
(behalf) 2190 3532 w
(of) 2534 3532 w
(the) 2674 3532 w
(user,) 2870 3532 w
(and) 3153 3532 w
(uses) 3374 3532 w
(the) 3635 3532 w
(FTP) 3831 3532 w
(protocol) 4044 3532 w
(to) 4489 3532 w
(examine) 4628 3532 w
(files) 720 3652 w
(in) 971 3652 w
(the) 1111 3652 w
(remote) 1315 3652 w
(directory.) 1708 3652 w
(To) 2252 3652 w
(the) 2425 3652 w
(local) 2629 3652 w
(user,) 2903 3652 w
(it) 3194 3652 w
(offers) 3309 3652 w
(a) 3641 3652 w
(file) 3745 3652 w
(hierarchy,) 3945 3652 w
(attached) 4476 3652 w
(to) 4942 3652 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/n/ftp) 720 3772 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(in) 1210 3772 w
(the) 1359 3772 w
(local) 1572 3772 w
(name) 1855 3772 w
(space,) 2178 3772 w
(mirroring) 2543 3772 w
(the) 3059 3772 w
(contents) 3271 3772 w
(of) 3745 3772 w
(the) 3900 3772 w
(FTP) 4112 3772 w
(site.) 4341 3772 w
(In) 4635 3772 w
(other) 4783 3772 w
(words,) 720 3892 w
(it) 1093 3892 w
(translates) 1207 3892 w
(the) 1729 3892 w
(FTP) 1932 3892 w
(protocol) 2152 3892 w
(into) 2604 3892 w
(9P) 2841 3892 w
(to) 3007 3892 w
(offer) 3153 3892 w
(Plan) 3433 3892 w
(9) 3682 3892 w
(access) 3793 3892 w
(to) 4156 3892 w
(FTP) 4302 3892 w
(sites.) 4522 3892 w
(The) 4859 3892 w
(implementation) 720 4012 w
(is) 1518 4012 w
(tricky;) 1634 4012 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(ftpfs) 1970 4012 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(must) 2366 4012 w
(do) 2645 4012 w
(some) 2805 4012 w
(sophisticated) 3102 4012 w
(caching) 3783 4012 w
(for) 4191 4012 w
(efficiency) 4365 4012 w
(and) 4860 4012 w
(use) 720 4132 w
(heuristics) 929 4132 w
(to) 1438 4132 w
(decode) 1576 4132 w
(remote) 1966 4132 w
(directory) 2350 4132 w
(information.) 2821 4132 w
(But) 3492 4132 w
(the) 3689 4132 w
(result) 3885 4132 w
(is) 4202 4132 w
(worthwhile:) 4323 4132 w
(all) 4927 4132 w
(the) 720 4252 w
(local) 917 4252 w
(file) 1184 4252 w
(management) 1377 4252 w
(tools) 2050 4252 w
(such) 2331 4252 w
(as) 2599 4252 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cp) 2747 4252 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2891 4252 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(grep) 2964 4252 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3252 4252 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(diff) 3325 4252 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3613 4252 w
(and) 3686 4252 w
(of) 3907 4252 w
(course) 4046 4252 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(ls) 4409 4252 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(are) 4594 4252 w
(avail\255) 4787 4252 w
(able) 720 4372 w
(to) 964 4372 w
(FTP-served) 1103 4372 w
(files) 1693 4372 w
(exactly) 1936 4372 w
(as) 2318 4372 w
(if) 2466 4372 w
(they) 2574 4372 w
(were) 2823 4372 w
(local) 3095 4372 w
(files.) 3362 4372 w
(Other) 3670 4372 w
(systems) 3986 4372 w
(such) 4419 4372 w
(as) 4687 4372 w
(Jade) 4835 4372 w
(and) 720 4492 w
(Prospero) 936 4492 w
(have) 1400 4492 w
(exploited) 1660 4492 w
(the) 2150 4492 w
(same) 2340 4492 w
(opportunity) 2630 4492 w
([Rao81,) 3233 4492 w
(Neu92],) 3638 4492 w
(but) 4056 4492 w
(because) 4253 4492 w
(of) 4682 4492 w
(local) 4815 4492 w
(name) 720 4612 w
(spaces) 1032 4612 w
(and) 1405 4612 w
(the) 1631 4612 w
(simplicity) 1832 4612 w
(of) 2341 4612 w
(implementing) 2485 4612 w
(9P,) 3202 4612 w
(this) 3398 4612 w
(approach) 3623 4612 w
(fits) 4120 4612 w
(more) 4320 4612 w
(naturally) 4618 4612 w
(into Plan 9 than into other environments.) 720 4732 w
(One) 970 4888 w
(server,) 1214 4888 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(exportfs) 1591 4888 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2167 4888 w
(is) 2247 4888 w
(a) 2375 4888 w
(user) 2478 4888 w
(process) 2736 4888 w
(that) 3159 4888 w
(takes) 3399 4888 w
(a) 3705 4888 w
(portion) 3809 4888 w
(of) 4212 4888 w
(its) 4359 4888 w
(own) 4525 4888 w
(name) 4774 4888 w
(space) 720 5008 w
(and) 1037 5008 w
(makes) 1258 5008 w
(it) 1612 5008 w
(available) 1719 5008 w
(to) 2183 5008 w
(other) 2322 5008 w
(processes) 2620 5008 w
(by) 3141 5008 w
(translating) 3296 5008 w
(9P) 3856 5008 w
(requests) 4014 5008 w
(into) 4471 5008 w
(system) 4700 5008 w
(calls) 720 5128 w
(to) 976 5128 w
(the) 1115 5128 w
(Plan) 1311 5128 w
(9) 1553 5128 w
(kernel.) 1657 5128 w
(The) 2064 5128 w
(file) 2286 5128 w
(hierarchy) 2478 5128 w
(it) 2968 5128 w
(exports) 3075 5128 w
(may) 3486 5128 w
(contain) 3727 5128 w
(files) 4125 5128 w
(from) 4368 5128 w
(multiple) 4642 5128 w
(servers.) 720 5248 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(Exportfs) 1167 5248 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(is) 1778 5248 w
(usually) 1893 5248 w
(run) 2268 5248 w
(as) 2468 5248 w
(a) 2608 5248 w
(remote) 2697 5248 w
(server) 3075 5248 w
(started) 3406 5248 w
(by) 3780 5248 w
(a) 3929 5248 w
(local) 4018 5248 w
(program,) 4277 5248 w
(either) 4759 5248 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(import) 720 5368 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(or) 1222 5368 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cpu) 1394 5368 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 1610 5368 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(Import) 1744 5368 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(makes) 2246 5368 w
(a) 2629 5368 w
(network) 2754 5368 w
(call) 3216 5368 w
(to) 3450 5368 w
(the) 3618 5368 w
(remote) 3843 5368 w
(machine,) 4257 5368 w
(starts) 4768 5368 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(exportfs) 720 5488 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(there, and attaches its 9P connection to the local name space.) 1328 5488 w
(For example,) 4399 5488 w
9 /LucidaTypewriter f
(import) 920 5658 w
(helix) 1375 5658 w
(/net) 1765 5658 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(makes) 720 5838 w
(Helix) 1073 5838 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1322 5838 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 1354 5838 w
(network) 1445 5838 w
(interfaces) 1877 5838 w
(visible) 2393 5838 w
(in) 2743 5838 w
(the) 2875 5838 w
(local) 3071 5838 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/net) 3337 5838 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(directory.) 3666 5838 w
(Helix) 4202 5838 w
(is) 4492 5838 w
(a) 4613 5838 w
(central) 4709 5838 w
(server) 720 5958 w
(and) 1054 5958 w
(has) 1271 5958 w
(many) 1476 5958 w
(network) 1775 5958 w
(interfaces,) 2204 5958 w
(so) 2748 5958 w
(this) 2897 5958 w
(permits) 3113 5958 w
(a) 3520 5958 w
(machine) 3612 5958 w
(with) 4057 5958 w
(one) 4299 5958 w
(network) 4514 5958 w
(to) 4942 5958 w
(access) 720 6078 w
(to) 1078 6078 w
(any) 1219 6078 w
(of) 1431 6078 w
(Helix) 1572 6078 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1821 6078 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 1853 6078 w
(networks.) 1948 6078 w
(After) 2499 6078 w
(such) 2783 6078 w
(an) 3053 6078 w
(import,) 3214 6078 w
(the) 3614 6078 w
(local) 3813 6078 w
(machine) 4082 6078 w
(may) 4534 6078 w
(make) 4778 6078 w
(calls on any of the networks connected to Helix.) 720 6198 w
(Another example is) 3121 6198 w
9 /LucidaTypewriter f
(import) 920 6368 w
(helix) 1375 6368 w
(/proc) 1765 6368 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(which makes Helix) 720 6548 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1627 6548 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s processes) 1659 6548 w
(visible) 2256 6548 w
(in) 2598 6548 w
(the) 2722 6548 w
(local) 2910 6548 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/proc) 3168 6548 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3528 6548 w
(permitting) 3593 6548 w
(local) 4135 6548 w
(debuggers) 4393 6548 w
(to) 4942 6548 w
(examine remote processes.) 720 6668 w
(The) 970 6824 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cpu) 1185 6824 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(command) 1435 6824 w
(connects) 1947 6824 w
(the) 2412 6824 w
(local) 2602 6824 w
(terminal) 2862 6824 w
(to) 3299 6824 w
(a) 3432 6824 w
(remote) 3522 6824 w
(CPU) 3901 6824 w
(server.) 4129 6824 w
(It) 4525 6824 w
(works) 4626 6824 w
(in) 4949 6824 w
(the) 720 6944 w
(opposite) 916 6944 w
(direction) 1378 6944 w
(to) 1848 6944 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(import) 1987 6944 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(:) 2419 6944 w
(after) 2492 6944 w
(calling) 2759 6944 w
(the) 3117 6944 w
(server,) 3313 6944 w
(it) 3683 6944 w
(starts) 3790 6944 w
(a) 4103 6944 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(local) 4198 6944 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(exportfs) 4464 6944 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and) 720 7064 w
(mounts) 946 7064 w
(it) 1358 7064 w
(in) 1470 7064 w
(the) 1607 7064 w
(name) 1808 7064 w
(space) 2120 7064 w
(of) 2442 7064 w
(a) 2586 7064 w
(process,) 2687 7064 w
(typically) 3139 7064 w
(a) 3582 7064 w
(newly) 3683 7064 w
(created) 4005 7064 w
(shell,) 4410 7064 w
(on) 4715 7064 w
(the) 4885 7064 w
(server.) 720 7184 w
(It) 1134 7184 w
(then) 1253 7184 w
(rearranges) 1523 7184 w
(the) 2096 7184 w
(name) 2304 7184 w
(space) 2622 7184 w
(to) 2950 7184 w
(make) 3100 7184 w
(local) 3414 7184 w
(device) 3691 7184 w
(files) 4050 7184 w
(\(such) 4304 7184 w
(as) 4615 7184 w
(those) 4773 7184 w
(served) 720 7304 w
(by) 1089 7304 w
(the) 1254 7304 w
(terminal) 1459 7304 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1861 7304 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 1893 7304 w
(window) 1994 7304 w
(system\)) 2413 7304 w
(visible) 2836 7304 w
(in) 3195 7304 w
(the) 3337 7304 w
(server) 3543 7304 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 3840 7304 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 3872 7304 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev) 3974 7304 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(directory.) 4313 7304 w
(The) 4859 7304 w
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10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 8 \255) 2783 480 w
(effect) 720 840 w
(of) 1039 840 w
(running) 1182 840 w
(a) 1607 840 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cpu) 1707 840 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(command) 1968 840 w
(is) 2491 840 w
(therefore) 2616 840 w
(to) 3108 840 w
(start) 3251 840 w
(a) 3517 840 w
(shell) 3616 840 w
(on) 3887 840 w
(a) 4054 840 w
(fast) 4153 840 w
(machine,) 4377 840 w
(one) 4861 840 w
(more) 720 960 w
(tightly) 1014 960 w
(coupled) 1365 960 w
(to) 1793 960 w
(the) 1934 960 w
(file) 2132 960 w
(server,) 2326 960 w
(with) 2699 960 w
(a) 2948 960 w
(name) 3047 960 w
(space) 3357 960 w
(analogous) 3677 960 w
(to) 4219 960 w
(the) 4361 960 w
(local) 4560 960 w
(one.) 4829 960 w
(All) 720 1080 w
(local) 882 1080 w
(device) 1142 1080 w
(files) 1484 1080 w
(are) 1721 1080 w
(visible) 1907 1080 w
(remotely,) 2250 1080 w
(so) 2741 1080 w
(remote) 2887 1080 w
(applications) 3265 1080 w
(have) 3884 1080 w
(full) 4143 1080 w
(access) 4334 1080 w
(to) 4683 1080 w
(local) 4815 1080 w
(services) 720 1200 w
(such) 1156 1200 w
(as) 1431 1200 w
(bitmap) 1586 1200 w
(graphics,) 1975 1200 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev/cons) 2470 1200 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3118 1200 w
(and) 3200 1200 w
(so) 3430 1200 w
(on.) 3592 1200 w
(This) 3829 1200 w
(is) 4084 1200 w
(not) 4214 1200 w
(the) 4424 1200 w
(same) 4629 1200 w
(as) 4934 1200 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rlogin) 720 1320 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 1152 1320 w
(which) 1220 1320 w
(does) 1537 1320 w
(nothing) 1804 1320 w
(to) 2215 1320 w
(reproduce) 2349 1320 w
(the) 2879 1320 w
(local) 3069 1320 w
(name) 3329 1320 w
(space) 3630 1320 w
(on) 3941 1320 w
(the) 4099 1320 w
(remote) 4289 1320 w
(system,) 4668 1320 w
(nor) 720 1440 w
(is) 929 1440 w
(it) 1054 1440 w
(the) 1165 1440 w
(same) 1365 1440 w
(as) 1665 1440 w
(file) 1816 1440 w
(sharing) 2012 1440 w
(with,) 2419 1440 w
(say,) 2701 1440 w
(NFS,) 2937 1440 w
(which) 3197 1440 w
(can) 3524 1440 w
(achieve) 3738 1440 w
(some) 4145 1440 w
(name) 4452 1440 w
(space) 4764 1440 w
(equivalence) 720 1560 w
(but) 1334 1560 w
(not) 1539 1560 w
(the) 1742 1560 w
(combination) 1940 1560 w
(of) 2586 1560 w
(access) 2727 1560 w
(to) 3085 1560 w
(local) 3226 1560 w
(hardware) 3494 1560 w
(devices,) 3987 1560 w
(remote) 4420 1560 w
(files,) 4806 1560 w
(and) 720 1680 w
(remote) 945 1680 w
(CPU) 1334 1680 w
(resources.) 1572 1680 w
(The) 2151 1680 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cpu) 2377 1680 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(command) 2638 1680 w
(is) 3162 1680 w
(a) 3288 1680 w
(uniquely) 3389 1680 w
(transparent) 3850 1680 w
(mechanism.) 4456 1680 w
(For) 720 1800 w
(example,) 911 1800 w
(it) 1391 1800 w
(is) 1492 1800 w
(reasonable) 1607 1800 w
(to) 2171 1800 w
(start) 2304 1800 w
(a) 2560 1800 w
(window) 2650 1800 w
(system) 3054 1800 w
(in) 3429 1800 w
(a) 3555 1800 w
(window) 3645 1800 w
(running) 4049 1800 w
(a) 4463 1800 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cpu) 4552 1800 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(com\255) 4802 1800 w
(mand; all windows created there automatically start processes on the CPU server.) 720 1920 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(Configurability and administration) 720 2160 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 970 2316 w
(uniform) 1191 2316 w
(interconnection) 1616 2316 w
(of) 2413 2316 w
(components) 2551 2316 w
(in) 3188 2316 w
(Plan) 3319 2316 w
(9) 3560 2316 w
(makes) 3663 2316 w
(it) 4016 2316 w
(possible) 4122 2316 w
(to) 4566 2316 w
(config\255) 4705 2316 w
(ure) 720 2436 w
(a) 933 2436 w
(Plan) 1042 2436 w
(9) 1297 2436 w
(installation) 1414 2436 w
(many) 2004 2436 w
(different) 2320 2436 w
(ways.) 2792 2436 w
(A) 3145 2436 w
(single) 3268 2436 w
(laptop) 3611 2436 w
(PC) 3973 2436 w
(can) 4151 2436 w
(function) 4372 2436 w
(as) 4826 2436 w
(a) 4985 2436 w
(stand-alone) 720 2556 w
(Plan) 1350 2556 w
(9) 1592 2556 w
(system;) 1696 2556 w
(at) 2110 2556 w
(the) 2244 2556 w
(other) 2441 2556 w
(extreme,) 2740 2556 w
(our) 3214 2556 w
(setup) 3420 2556 w
(has) 3731 2556 w
(central) 3941 2556 w
(multiprocessor) 4314 2556 w
(CPU) 720 2676 w
(servers) 947 2676 w
(and) 1329 2676 w
(file) 1543 2676 w
(servers) 1728 2676 w
(and) 2110 2676 w
(scores) 2324 2676 w
(of) 2669 2676 w
(terminals) 2800 2676 w
(ranging) 3286 2676 w
(from) 3692 2676 w
(small) 3957 2676 w
(PCs) 4247 2676 w
(to) 4455 2676 w
(high-end) 4586 2676 w
(graphics) 720 2796 w
(workstations.) 1167 2796 w
(It) 1885 2796 w
(is) 1985 2796 w
(such) 2099 2796 w
(large) 2359 2796 w
(installations) 2636 2796 w
(that) 3257 2796 w
(best) 3482 2796 w
(represent) 3723 2796 w
(how) 4220 2796 w
(Plan) 4454 2796 w
(9) 4689 2796 w
(oper\255) 4786 2796 w
(ates.) 720 2916 w
(The) 970 3072 w
(system) 1193 3072 w
(software) 1575 3072 w
(is) 2032 3072 w
(portable) 2154 3072 w
(and) 2601 3072 w
(the) 2823 3072 w
(same) 3020 3072 w
(operating) 3317 3072 w
(system) 3825 3072 w
(runs) 4207 3072 w
(on) 4465 3072 w
(all) 4630 3072 w
(hard\255) 4786 3072 w
(ware.) 720 3192 w
(Except) 1046 3192 w
(for) 1401 3192 w
(performance,) 1573 3192 w
(the) 2254 3192 w
(appearance) 2442 3192 w
(of) 3032 3192 w
(the) 3163 3192 w
(system) 3351 3192 w
(on,) 3724 3192 w
(say,) 3912 3192 w
(an SGI workstation) 4135 3192 w
(is) 720 3312 w
(the) 833 3312 w
(same) 1021 3312 w
(as) 1309 3312 w
(on) 1448 3312 w
(a) 1604 3312 w
(laptop.) 1692 3312 w
(Since) 2097 3312 w
(computing) 2382 3312 w
(and) 2935 3312 w
(file) 3148 3312 w
(services) 3332 3312 w
(are) 3752 3312 w
(centralized,) 3937 3312 w
(and) 4538 3312 w
(termi\255) 4751 3312 w
(nals) 720 3432 w
(have) 953 3432 w
(no) 1214 3432 w
(permanent) 1373 3432 w
(file) 1934 3432 w
(storage,) 2120 3432 w
(all) 2550 3432 w
(terminals) 2698 3432 w
(are) 3186 3432 w
(functionally) 3373 3432 w
(identical.) 3974 3432 w
(In) 4484 3432 w
(this) 4610 3432 w
(way,) 4824 3432 w
(Plan 9 has one of the good properties of) 720 3552 w
(old) 2716 3552 w
(timesharing) 2902 3552 w
(systems,) 3512 3552 w
(where) 3968 3552 w
(a) 4293 3552 w
(user) 4381 3552 w
(could) 4624 3552 w
(sit) 4923 3552 w
(in) 720 3672 w
(front) 853 3672 w
(of) 1132 3672 w
(any) 1271 3672 w
(machine) 1481 3672 w
(and) 1930 3672 w
(see) 2151 3672 w
(the) 2355 3672 w
(same) 2551 3672 w
(system.) 2847 3672 w
(In) 3292 3672 w
(the) 3424 3672 w
(modern) 3620 3672 w
(workstation) 4037 3672 w
(commu\255) 4647 3672 w
(nity, machines tend to be owned by people who customize) 720 3792 w
(them) 3606 3792 w
(by) 3887 3792 w
(storing) 4035 3792 w
(private) 4411 3792 w
(infor\255) 4777 3792 w
(mation) 720 3912 w
(on) 1093 3912 w
(local) 1252 3912 w
(disk.) 1513 3912 w
(We) 1814 3912 w
(reject) 1992 3912 w
(this) 2299 3912 w
(style) 2514 3912 w
(of) 2775 3912 w
(use,) 2909 3912 w
(although) 3146 3912 w
(the) 3612 3912 w
(system) 3802 3912 w
(itself) 4177 3912 w
(can) 4451 3912 w
(be) 4654 3912 w
(used) 4808 3912 w
(this) 720 4032 w
(way.) 936 4032 w
(In) 1221 4032 w
(our) 1349 4032 w
(group,) 1551 4032 w
(we) 1910 4032 w
(have) 2081 4032 w
(a) 2344 4032 w
(laboratory) 2437 4032 w
(with) 2970 4032 w
(many) 3213 4032 w
(public-access) 3513 4032 w
(machines) 4221 4032 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\024) 4680 4032 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(a) 4780 4032 w
(ter\255) 4873 4032 w
(minal room) 720 4152 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\024) 1276 4152 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and a user may sit down at any one of them and work.) 1376 4152 w
(Central) 970 4308 w
(file) 1365 4308 w
(servers) 1562 4308 w
(centralize) 1956 4308 w
(not) 2475 4308 w
(just) 2681 4308 w
(the) 2907 4308 w
(files,) 3108 4308 w
(but) 3388 4308 w
(also) 3596 4308 w
(their) 3838 4308 w
(administration) 4109 4308 w
(and) 4860 4308 w
(maintenance.) 720 4428 w
(In) 1460 4428 w
(fact,) 1609 4428 w
(one) 1879 4428 w
(server) 2115 4428 w
(is) 2469 4428 w
(the) 2606 4428 w
(main) 2818 4428 w
(server,) 3114 4428 w
(holding) 3500 4428 w
(all) 3925 4428 w
(system) 4095 4428 w
(files;) 4492 4428 w
(other) 4783 4428 w
(servers) 720 4548 w
(provide) 1104 4548 w
(extra) 1505 4548 w
(storage) 1791 4548 w
(or) 2190 4548 w
(are) 2328 4548 w
(available) 2516 4548 w
(for) 2975 4548 w
(debugging) 3150 4548 w
(and) 3707 4548 w
(other) 3924 4548 w
(special) 4218 4548 w
(uses,) 4589 4548 w
(but) 4878 4548 w
(the) 720 4668 w
(system) 914 4668 w
(software) 1293 4668 w
(resides) 1747 4668 w
(on) 2133 4668 w
(one) 2295 4668 w
(machine.) 2513 4668 w
(This) 3023 4668 w
(means) 3266 4668 w
(that) 3621 4668 w
(each) 3850 4668 w
(program) 4112 4668 w
(has) 4566 4668 w
(a) 4772 4668 w
(sin\255) 4865 4668 w
(gle) 720 4788 w
(copy) 913 4788 w
(of) 1186 4788 w
(the) 1330 4788 w
(binary) 1531 4788 w
(for) 1879 4788 w
(each) 2064 4788 w
(architecture,) 2334 4788 w
(so) 2990 4788 w
(it) 3149 4788 w
(is) 3262 4788 w
(trivial) 3389 4788 w
(to) 3708 4788 w
(install) 3853 4788 w
(updates) 4192 4788 w
(and) 4626 4788 w
(bug) 4853 4788 w
(fixes.) 720 4908 w
(There) 1069 4908 w
(is) 1398 4908 w
(also) 1529 4908 w
(a) 1776 4908 w
(single) 1882 4908 w
(user) 2222 4908 w
(database;) 2483 4908 w
(there) 3001 4908 w
(is) 3304 4908 w
(no) 3435 4908 w
(need) 3609 4908 w
(to) 3897 4908 w
(synchronize) 4046 4908 w
(distinct) 4681 4908 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/etc/passwd) 720 5028 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(files.) 1561 5028 w
(On) 1876 5028 w
(the) 2065 5028 w
(other) 2269 5028 w
(hand,) 2575 5028 w
(depending) 2898 5028 w
(on) 3464 5028 w
(a) 3637 5028 w
(single) 3742 5028 w
(central) 4081 5028 w
(server) 4462 5028 w
(does) 4809 5028 w
(limit the size of an installation.) 720 5148 w
(Another) 970 5304 w
(example) 1393 5304 w
(of) 1841 5304 w
(the) 1974 5304 w
(power) 2164 5304 w
(of) 2497 5304 w
(centralized) 2631 5304 w
(file) 3203 5304 w
(service) 3390 5304 w
(is) 3762 5304 w
(the) 3878 5304 w
(way) 4069 5304 w
(Plan) 4289 5304 w
(9) 4526 5304 w
(adminis\255) 4625 5304 w
(ters) 720 5424 w
(network) 950 5424 w
(information.) 1387 5424 w
(On) 2063 5424 w
(the) 2248 5424 w
(central) 2448 5424 w
(server) 2824 5424 w
(there) 3166 5424 w
(is) 3463 5424 w
(a) 3588 5424 w
(directory,) 3688 5424 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/lib/ndb) 4196 5424 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4772 5424 w
(that) 4849 5424 w
(contains) 720 5544 w
(all) 1176 5544 w
(the) 1337 5544 w
(information) 1540 5544 w
(necessary) 2155 5544 w
(to) 2678 5544 w
(administer) 2824 5544 w
(the) 3388 5544 w
(local) 3591 5544 w
(Ethernet) 3864 5544 w
(and) 4317 5544 w
(other) 4546 5544 w
(net\255) 4852 5544 w
(works.) 720 5664 w
(All) 1108 5664 w
(the) 1271 5664 w
(machines) 1462 5664 w
(use) 1957 5664 w
(the) 2162 5664 w
(same) 2353 5664 w
(database) 2644 5664 w
(to) 3114 5664 w
(talk) 3247 5664 w
(to) 3461 5664 w
(the) 3594 5664 w
(network;) 3784 5664 w
(there) 4243 5664 w
(is) 4530 5664 w
(no) 4645 5664 w
(need) 4803 5664 w
(to) 720 5784 w
(manage) 863 5784 w
(a) 1291 5784 w
(distributed) 1391 5784 w
(naming) 1968 5784 w
(system) 2377 5784 w
(or) 2763 5784 w
(keep) 2911 5784 w
(parallel) 3190 5784 w
(files) 3593 5784 w
(up) 3841 5784 w
(to) 4012 5784 w
(date.) 4156 5784 w
(To) 4477 5784 w
(install) 4647 5784 w
(a) 4985 5784 w
(new) 720 5904 w
(machine) 959 5904 w
(on) 1411 5904 w
(the) 1578 5904 w
(local) 1777 5904 w
(Ethernet,) 2046 5904 w
(choose) 2527 5904 w
(a) 2912 5904 w
(name) 3010 5904 w
(and) 3319 5904 w
(IP) 3542 5904 w
(address) 3669 5904 w
(and) 4092 5904 w
(add) 4315 5904 w
(these) 4539 5904 w
(to) 4844 5904 w
(a) 4985 5904 w
(single) 720 6024 w
(file) 1055 6024 w
(in) 1252 6024 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/lib/ndb) 1389 6024 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(;) 1965 6024 w
(all) 2043 6024 w
(the) 2202 6024 w
(machines) 2403 6024 w
(in) 2908 6024 w
(the) 3046 6024 w
(installation) 3248 6024 w
(will) 3831 6024 w
(be) 4042 6024 w
(able) 4208 6024 w
(to) 4458 6024 w
(talk) 4603 6024 w
(to) 4829 6024 w
(it) 4974 6024 w
(immediately.) 720 6144 w
(To) 1418 6144 w
(start) 1584 6144 w
(running,) 1847 6144 w
(plug) 2301 6144 w
(the) 2559 6144 w
(machine) 2756 6144 w
(into) 3206 6144 w
(the) 3437 6144 w
(network,) 3634 6144 w
(turn) 4100 6144 w
(it) 4344 6144 w
(on,) 4452 6144 w
(and) 4649 6144 w
(use) 4871 6144 w
(BOOTP and TFTP to load the kernel.) 720 6264 w
(All else is automatic.) 2518 6264 w
(Finally,) 970 6420 w
(the) 1352 6420 w
(automated) 1547 6420 w
(dump) 2106 6420 w
(file) 2427 6420 w
(system) 2618 6420 w
(frees) 2998 6420 w
(all) 3279 6420 w
(users) 3432 6420 w
(from) 3733 6420 w
(the) 4005 6420 w
(need) 4201 6420 w
(to) 4479 6420 w
(maintain) 4618 6420 w
(their) 720 6540 w
(systems,) 991 6540 w
(while) 1460 6540 w
(providing) 1759 6540 w
(easy) 2267 6540 w
(access) 2527 6540 w
(to) 2887 6540 w
(backup) 3030 6540 w
(files) 3427 6540 w
(without) 3674 6540 w
(tapes,) 4084 6540 w
(special) 4423 6540 w
(com\255) 4802 6540 w
(mands,) 720 6660 w
(or) 1114 6660 w
(the) 1254 6660 w
(involvement) 1447 6660 w
(of) 2074 6660 w
(support) 2210 6660 w
(staff.) 2626 6660 w
(It) 2945 6660 w
(is) 3049 6660 w
(difficult) 3168 6660 w
(to) 3581 6660 w
(overstate) 3718 6660 w
(the) 4203 6660 w
(improvement) 4397 6660 w
(in lifestyle afforded by this service.) 720 6780 w
(Plan) 970 6936 w
(9) 1224 6936 w
(runs) 1340 6936 w
(on) 1609 6936 w
(a) 1786 6936 w
(variety) 1895 6936 w
(of) 2271 6936 w
(hardware) 2423 6936 w
(without) 2927 6936 w
(constraining) 3346 6936 w
(how) 4002 6936 w
(to) 4256 6936 w
(configure) 4408 6936 w
(an) 4923 6936 w
(installation.) 720 7056 w
(In) 1366 7056 w
(our) 1503 7056 w
(laboratory,) 1713 7056 w
(we) 2286 7056 w
(chose) 2465 7056 w
(to) 2792 7056 w
(use) 2936 7056 w
(central) 3151 7056 w
(servers) 3527 7056 w
(because) 3920 7056 w
(they) 4359 7056 w
(amortize) 4611 7056 w
(costs) 720 7176 w
(and) 1005 7176 w
(administration.) 1219 7176 w
(A) 2021 7176 w
(sign) 2124 7176 w
(that) 2362 7176 w
(this) 2587 7176 w
(is) 2801 7176 w
(a) 2916 7176 w
(good) 3006 7176 w
(decision) 3288 7176 w
(is) 3725 7176 w
(that) 3840 7176 w
(our) 4066 7176 w
(cheap) 4265 7176 w
(terminals) 4587 7176 w
(remain) 720 7296 w
(comfortable) 1095 7296 w
(places) 1718 7296 w
(to) 2062 7296 w
(work) 2199 7296 w
(for) 2475 7296 w
(about) 2653 7296 w
(five) 2970 7296 w
(years,) 3183 7296 w
(much) 3509 7296 w
(longer) 3816 7296 w
(than) 4166 7296 w
(workstations) 4420 7296 w
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10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 9 \255) 2783 480 w
(that) 720 840 w
(must) 950 840 w
(provide) 1232 840 w
(the) 1636 840 w
(complete) 1830 840 w
(computing) 2315 840 w
(environment.) 2874 840 w
(We) 3588 840 w
(do,) 3770 840 w
(however,) 3966 840 w
(upgrade) 4443 840 w
(the) 4885 840 w
(central) 720 960 w
(machines,) 1087 960 w
(so) 1614 960 w
(the) 1762 960 w
(computation) 1952 960 w
(available) 2598 960 w
(from) 3056 960 w
(even) 3323 960 w
(old) 3584 960 w
(Plan) 3772 960 w
(9) 4008 960 w
(terminals) 4106 960 w
(improves) 4594 960 w
(with) 720 1080 w
(time.) 961 1080 w
(The) 1276 1080 w
(money) 1493 1080 w
(saved) 1853 1080 w
(by) 2166 1080 w
(avoiding) 2317 1080 w
(regular) 2766 1080 w
(upgrades) 3149 1080 w
(of) 3639 1080 w
(terminals) 3774 1080 w
(is) 4264 1080 w
(instead) 4381 1080 w
(spent) 4771 1080 w
(on) 720 1200 w
(the) 894 1200 w
(newest,) 1100 1200 w
(fastest) 1522 1200 w
(multiprocessor) 1897 1200 w
(servers.) 2674 1200 w
(We) 3137 1200 w
(estimate) 3330 1200 w
(this) 3794 1200 w
(costs) 4023 1200 w
(about) 4324 1200 w
(half) 4652 1200 w
(the) 4885 1200 w
(money) 720 1320 w
(of) 1119 1320 w
(networked) 1292 1320 w
(workstations) 1878 1320 w
(yet) 2573 1320 w
(provides) 2793 1320 w
(general) 3285 1320 w
(access) 3722 1320 w
(to) 4113 1320 w
(more) 4287 1320 w
(powerful) 4614 1320 w
(machines.) 720 1440 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(C Programming) 720 1680 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Plan) 970 1836 w
(9) 1208 1836 w
(utilities) 1309 1836 w
(are) 1706 1836 w
(written) 1896 1836 w
(in) 2273 1836 w
(several) 2402 1836 w
(languages.) 2780 1836 w
(Some) 3376 1836 w
(are) 3678 1836 w
(scripts) 3868 1836 w
(for) 4229 1836 w
(the) 4406 1836 w
(shell,) 4599 1836 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rc) 4896 1836 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
([Duff90];) 720 1956 w
(a) 1190 1956 w
(handful) 1280 1956 w
(are) 1685 1956 w
(written) 1872 1956 w
(in) 2246 1956 w
(a) 2372 1956 w
(new) 2462 1956 w
(C-like) 2692 1956 w
(concurrent) 3025 1956 w
(language) 3583 1956 w
(called) 4060 1956 w
(Alef) 4377 1956 w
([Wint95],) 4602 1956 w
(described) 720 2076 w
(below.) 1229 2076 w
(The) 1615 2076 w
(great) 1832 2076 w
(majority,) 2119 2076 w
(though,) 2586 2076 w
(are) 3001 2076 w
(written) 3190 2076 w
(in) 3566 2076 w
(a) 3694 2076 w
(dialect) 3786 2076 w
(of) 4143 2076 w
(ANSI) 4278 2076 w
(C) 4541 2076 w
([ANSIC].) 4647 2076 w
(Of) 720 2196 w
(these,) 874 2196 w
(most) 1207 2196 w
(are) 1488 2196 w
(entirely) 1679 2196 w
(new) 2080 2196 w
(programs,) 2314 2196 w
(but) 2852 2196 w
(some) 3052 2196 w
(originate) 3351 2196 w
(in) 3821 2196 w
(pre-ANSI) 3950 2196 w
(C) 4432 2196 w
(code) 4539 2196 w
(from) 4808 2196 w
(our) 720 2316 w
(research) 922 2316 w
(UNIX) 1373 2316 w
(system) 1646 2316 w
([UNIX85].) 2024 2316 w
(These) 2553 2316 w
(have) 2880 2316 w
(been) 3144 2316 w
(updated) 3420 2316 w
(to) 3858 2316 w
(ANSI) 3995 2316 w
(C) 4260 2316 w
(and) 4368 2316 w
(reworked) 4587 2316 w
(for portability and cleanliness.) 720 2436 w
(The) 970 2592 w
(Plan) 1184 2592 w
(9) 1418 2592 w
(C) 1514 2592 w
(dialect) 1616 2592 w
(has) 1970 2592 w
(some) 2172 2592 w
(minor) 2467 2592 w
(extensions,) 2787 2592 w
(described) 3379 2592 w
(elsewhere) 3886 2592 w
([Pike95],) 4404 2592 w
(and) 4860 2592 w
(a) 720 2712 w
(few) 819 2712 w
(major) 1032 2712 w
(restrictions.) 1355 2712 w
(The) 2008 2712 w
(most) 2232 2712 w
(important) 2517 2712 w
(restriction) 3038 2712 w
(is) 3576 2712 w
(that) 3699 2712 w
(the) 3933 2712 w
(compiler) 4131 2712 w
(demands) 4597 2712 w
(that) 720 2832 w
(all) 960 2832 w
(function) 1122 2832 w
(definitions) 1572 2832 w
(have) 2137 2832 w
(ANSI) 2411 2832 w
(prototypes) 2686 2832 w
(and) 3257 2832 w
(all) 3486 2832 w
(function) 3648 2832 w
(calls) 4098 2832 w
(appear) 4362 2832 w
(in) 4744 2832 w
(the) 4885 2832 w
(scope) 720 2952 w
(of) 1052 2952 w
(a) 1200 2952 w
(prototyped) 1305 2952 w
(declaration) 1889 2952 w
(of) 2478 2952 w
(the) 2626 2952 w
(function.) 2831 2952 w
(As) 3345 2952 w
(a) 3514 2952 w
(stylistic) 3618 2952 w
(rule,) 4033 2952 w
(the) 4302 2952 w
(prototyped) 4506 2952 w
(declaration is placed in) 720 3072 w
(a) 1876 3072 w
(header) 1964 3072 w
(file) 2330 3072 w
(included) 2514 3072 w
(by) 2962 3072 w
(all) 3110 3072 w
(files) 3256 3072 w
(that) 3491 3072 w
(call) 3715 3072 w
(the) 3912 3072 w
(function.) 4100 3072 w
(Each) 4598 3072 w
(sys\255) 4853 3072 w
(tem) 720 3192 w
(library) 959 3192 w
(has) 1322 3192 w
(an) 1543 3192 w
(associated) 1713 3192 w
(header) 2275 3192 w
(file,) 2661 3192 w
(declaring) 2897 3192 w
(all) 3398 3192 w
(functions) 3564 3192 w
(in) 4069 3192 w
(that) 4213 3192 w
(library.) 4457 3192 w
(For) 4884 3192 w
(example,) 720 3312 w
(the) 1226 3312 w
(standard) 1442 3312 w
(Plan) 1931 3312 w
(9) 2194 3312 w
(library) 2319 3312 w
(is) 2691 3312 w
(called) 2833 3312 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(libc) 3178 3312 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3466 3312 w
(so) 3560 3312 w
(all) 3734 3312 w
(C) 3909 3312 w
(source) 4040 3312 w
(files) 4424 3312 w
(include) 4688 3312 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(<libc.h>) 720 3432 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 1296 3432 w
(These) 1400 3432 w
(rules) 1727 3432 w
(guarantee) 2005 3432 w
(that) 2530 3432 w
(all) 2760 3432 w
(functions) 2912 3432 w
(are) 3403 3432 w
(called) 3594 3432 w
(with) 3916 3432 w
(arguments) 4160 3432 w
(having) 4718 3432 w
(the expected types ) 720 3552 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\024) 1673 3552 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(something that was not true with pre-ANSI C programs.) 1805 3552 w
(Another) 970 3708 w
(restriction) 1391 3708 w
(is) 1919 3708 w
(that) 2032 3708 w
(the) 2256 3708 w
(C) 2444 3708 w
(compilers) 2547 3708 w
(accept) 3055 3708 w
(only) 3402 3708 w
(a) 3640 3708 w
(subset) 3729 3708 w
(of) 4083 3708 w
(the) 4215 3708 w
(preprocessor) 4404 3708 w
(directives) 720 3828 w
(required) 1220 3828 w
(by) 1666 3828 w
(ANSI.) 1816 3828 w
(The) 2141 3828 w
(main) 2357 3828 w
(omission) 2631 3828 w
(is) 3102 3828 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(#if) 3216 3828 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3432 3828 w
(since) 3498 3828 w
(we) 3781 3828 w
(believe) 3948 3828 w
(it) 4323 3828 w
(is) 4423 3828 w
(never) 4537 3828 w
(nec\255) 4838 3828 w
(essary) 720 3948 w
(and) 1089 3948 w
(often) 1333 3948 w
(abused.) 1650 3948 w
(Also,) 2128 3948 w
(its) 2434 3948 w
(effect) 2615 3948 w
(is) 2953 3948 w
(better) 3097 3948 w
(achieved) 3451 3948 w
(by) 3939 3948 w
(other) 4118 3948 w
(means.) 4439 3948 w
(For) 4884 3948 w
(instance,) 720 4068 w
(an) 1188 4068 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(#if) 1338 4068 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(used) 1587 4068 w
(to) 1852 4068 w
(toggle) 1983 4068 w
(a feature at compile time can be written as a regular) 2323 4068 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(if) 4896 4068 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(statement,) 720 4188 w
(relying) 1278 4188 w
(on) 1652 4188 w
(compile-time) 1818 4188 w
(constant) 2516 4188 w
(folding) 2975 4188 w
(and) 3361 4188 w
(dead) 3584 4188 w
(code) 3864 4188 w
(elimination) 4138 4188 w
(to) 4723 4188 w
(dis\255) 4864 4188 w
(card object code.) 720 4308 w
(Conditional) 970 4464 w
(compilation,) 1565 4464 w
(even) 2205 4464 w
(with) 2469 4464 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(#ifdef) 2712 4464 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3144 4464 w
(is) 3214 4464 w
(used) 3332 4464 w
(sparingly) 3602 4464 w
(in) 4084 4464 w
(Plan) 4213 4464 w
(9.) 4452 4464 w
(The) 4617 4464 w
(only) 4836 4464 w
(architecture-dependent) 720 4584 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(#ifdefs) 1913 4584 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(in) 2456 4584 w
(the) 2586 4584 w
(system) 2780 4584 w
(are) 3159 4584 w
(in) 3350 4584 w
(low-level) 3480 4584 w
(routines) 3965 4584 w
(in) 4402 4584 w
(the) 4531 4584 w
(graph\255) 4724 4584 w
(ics) 720 4704 w
(library.) 900 4704 w
(Instead,) 1323 4704 w
(we) 1757 4704 w
(avoid) 1939 4704 w
(such) 2248 4704 w
(dependencies) 2523 4704 w
(or,) 3240 4704 w
(when) 3423 4704 w
(necessary,) 3729 4704 w
(isolate) 4285 4704 w
(them) 4652 4704 w
(in) 4949 4704 w
(separate) 720 4824 w
(source) 1171 4824 w
(files) 1530 4824 w
(or) 1768 4824 w
(libraries.) 1906 4824 w
(Besides) 2400 4824 w
(making) 2800 4824 w
(code) 3195 4824 w
(hard) 3462 4824 w
(to) 3719 4824 w
(read,) 3853 4824 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(#ifdefs) 4136 4824 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(make) 4676 4824 w
(it) 4974 4824 w
(impossible) 720 4944 w
(to) 1278 4944 w
(know) 1409 4944 w
(what) 1700 4944 w
(source) 1964 4944 w
(is) 2319 4944 w
(compiled) 2432 4944 w
(into) 2910 4944 w
(the) 3133 4944 w
(binary) 3322 4944 w
(or) 3658 4944 w
(whether) 3794 4944 w
(source) 4219 4944 w
(protected) 4575 4944 w
(by them will compile or work properly.) 720 5064 w
(They make it harder to maintain software.) 2662 5064 w
(The) 970 5220 w
(standard) 1214 5220 w
(Plan) 1704 5220 w
(9) 1968 5220 w
(library) 2094 5220 w
(overlaps) 2467 5220 w
(much) 2938 5220 w
(of) 3269 5220 w
(ANSI) 3430 5220 w
(C) 3719 5220 w
(and) 3851 5220 w
(POSIX) 4094 5220 w
([POSIX],) 4437 5220 w
(but) 4878 5220 w
(diverges) 720 5340 w
(when) 1168 5340 w
(appropriate) 1463 5340 w
(to) 2065 5340 w
(Plan) 2201 5340 w
(9) 2440 5340 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 2503 5340 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 2535 5340 w
(goals) 2624 5340 w
(or) 2920 5340 w
(implementation.) 3060 5340 w
(When) 3924 5340 w
(the) 4228 5340 w
(semantics) 4420 5340 w
(of) 4942 5340 w
(a) 720 5460 w
(function) 818 5460 w
(change,) 1262 5460 w
(we) 1686 5460 w
(also) 1863 5460 w
(change) 2103 5460 w
(the) 2495 5460 w
(name.) 2694 5460 w
(For) 3068 5460 w
(instance,) 3268 5460 w
(instead) 3747 5460 w
(of) 4144 5460 w
(UNIX) 4286 5460 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4521 5460 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 4553 5460 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(creat) 4648 5460 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 5008 5460 w
(Plan) 720 5580 w
(9) 959 5580 w
(has) 1060 5580 w
(a) 1266 5580 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(create) 1359 5580 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(function) 1828 5580 w
(that) 2266 5580 w
(takes) 2494 5580 w
(three) 2788 5580 w
(arguments,) 3077 5580 w
(the) 3665 5580 w
(original) 3857 5580 w
(two) 4262 5580 w
(plus) 4474 5580 w
(a) 4716 5580 w
(third) 4808 5580 w
(that,) 720 5700 w
(like) 981 5700 w
(the) 1191 5700 w
(second) 1384 5700 w
(argument) 1766 5700 w
(of) 2272 5700 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(open) 2408 5700 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2696 5700 w
(defines) 2766 5700 w
(whether) 3158 5700 w
(the) 3587 5700 w
(returned) 3781 5700 w
(file) 4238 5700 w
(descriptor) 4428 5700 w
(is) 4960 5700 w
(to) 720 5820 w
(be) 853 5820 w
(opened) 1007 5820 w
(for) 1403 5820 w
(reading,) 1577 5820 w
(writing,) 2012 5820 w
(or) 2416 5820 w
(both.) 2552 5820 w
(This) 2873 5820 w
(design) 3112 5820 w
(was) 3469 5820 w
(forced) 3686 5820 w
(by) 4029 5820 w
(the) 4178 5820 w
(way) 4367 5820 w
(9P) 4585 5820 w
(imple\255) 4737 5820 w
(ments) 720 5940 w
(creation,) 1056 5940 w
(but) 1517 5940 w
(it) 1716 5940 w
(also) 1819 5940 w
(simplifies) 2052 5940 w
(the) 2556 5940 w
(common) 2748 5940 w
(use) 3206 5940 w
(of) 3412 5940 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(create) 3548 5940 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(to) 4018 5940 w
(initialize) 4154 5940 w
(a) 4604 5940 w
(tempo\255) 4697 5940 w
(rary file.) 720 6060 w
(Another departure from ANSI C is that) 970 6216 w
(Plan) 2855 6216 w
(9) 3089 6216 w
(uses) 3185 6216 w
(a) 3438 6216 w
(16-bit) 3526 6216 w
(character) 3872 6216 w
(set) 4354 6216 w
(called) 4531 6216 w
(Uni\255) 4847 6216 w
(code) 720 6336 w
([ISO10646,) 992 6336 w
(Unicode].) 1574 6336 w
(Although) 2103 6336 w
(we) 2588 6336 w
(stopped) 2761 6336 w
(short) 3195 6336 w
(of) 3487 6336 w
(full) 3625 6336 w
(internationalization,) 3822 6336 w
(Plan) 4839 6336 w
(9) 720 6456 w
(treats) 819 6456 w
(the) 1133 6456 w
(representation) 1325 6456 w
(of) 2069 6456 w
(all) 2204 6456 w
(major) 2354 6456 w
(languages) 2671 6456 w
(uniformly) 3202 6456 w
(throughout) 3705 6456 w
(all) 4289 6456 w
(its) 4439 6456 w
(software.) 4593 6456 w
(To) 720 6576 w
(simplify) 891 6576 w
(the) 1321 6576 w
(exchange) 1523 6576 w
(of) 2034 6576 w
(text) 2178 6576 w
(between) 2415 6576 w
(programs,) 2868 6576 w
(the) 3413 6576 w
(characters) 3614 6576 w
(are) 4160 6576 w
(packed) 4358 6576 w
(into) 4750 6576 w
(a) 4985 6576 w
(byte) 720 6696 w
(stream) 997 6696 w
(by) 1399 6696 w
(an) 1583 6696 w
(encoding) 1769 6696 w
(we) 2284 6696 w
(designed,) 2486 6696 w
(called) 3030 6696 w
(UTF-8,) 3383 6696 w
(which) 3792 6696 w
(is) 4143 6696 w
(now) 4293 6696 w
(becoming) 4563 6696 w
(accepted) 720 6816 w
(as) 1203 6816 w
(a) 1360 6816 w
(standard) 1466 6816 w
([FSSUTF].) 1943 6816 w
(It) 2471 6816 w
(has) 2587 6816 w
(several) 2805 6816 w
(attractive) 3195 6816 w
(properties,) 3695 6816 w
(including) 4275 6816 w
(byte-) 4774 6816 w
(order independence, backwards compatibility with ASCII, and ease of implementation.) 720 6936 w
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10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 10 \255) 2752 480 w
(There) 970 840 w
(are) 1299 840 w
(many) 1502 840 w
(problems) 1815 840 w
(in) 2323 840 w
(adapting) 2465 840 w
(existing) 2942 840 w
(software) 3380 840 w
(to) 3846 840 w
(a) 3995 840 w
(large) 4101 840 w
(character) 4395 840 w
(set) 4896 840 w
(with) 720 960 w
(an) 973 960 w
(encoding) 1138 960 w
(that) 1632 960 w
(represents) 1870 960 w
(characters) 2431 960 w
(with) 2978 960 w
(a) 3230 960 w
(variable) 3332 960 w
(number) 3759 960 w
(of) 4183 960 w
(bytes.) 4328 960 w
(ANSI) 4698 960 w
(C) 4971 960 w
(addresses) 720 1080 w
(some) 1241 1080 w
(of) 1536 1080 w
(the) 1668 1080 w
(issues) 1857 1080 w
(but) 2191 1080 w
(falls) 2387 1080 w
(short) 2622 1080 w
(of) 2908 1080 w
(solving) 3040 1080 w
(them) 3420 1080 w
(all.) 3702 1080 w
(It) 3913 1080 w
(does) 4013 1080 w
(not) 4278 1080 w
(pick) 4472 1080 w
(a) 4708 1080 w
(char\255) 4798 1080 w
(acter) 720 1200 w
(set) 1003 1200 w
(encoding) 1190 1200 w
(and) 1679 1200 w
(does) 1902 1200 w
(not) 2176 1200 w
(define) 2379 1200 w
(all) 2725 1200 w
(the) 2881 1200 w
(necessary) 3078 1200 w
(I/O) 3595 1200 w
(library) 3797 1200 w
(routines.) 4149 1200 w
(Further\255) 4654 1200 w
(more,) 720 1320 w
(the) 1046 1320 w
(functions) 1244 1320 w
(it) 1739 1320 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(does) 1849 1320 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(define) 2113 1320 w
(have) 2460 1320 w
(engineering) 2729 1320 w
(problems.) 3350 1320 w
(Since) 3915 1320 w
(the) 4211 1320 w
(standard) 4410 1320 w
(left) 4881 1320 w
(too) 720 1440 w
(many) 918 1440 w
(problems) 1219 1440 w
(unsolved,) 1715 1440 w
(we) 2222 1440 w
(decided) 2394 1440 w
(to) 2814 1440 w
(build) 2951 1440 w
(our) 3236 1440 w
(own) 3439 1440 w
(interface.) 3677 1440 w
(A) 4203 1440 w
(separate) 4310 1440 w
(paper) 4762 1440 w
(has the details [Pike93].) 720 1560 w
(A) 970 1716 w
(small) 1082 1716 w
(class) 1382 1716 w
(of) 1663 1716 w
(Plan) 1805 1716 w
(9) 2050 1716 w
(programs) 2157 1716 w
(do) 2668 1716 w
(not) 2836 1716 w
(follow) 3040 1716 w
(the) 3378 1716 w
(conventions) 3577 1716 w
(discussed) 4205 1716 w
(in) 4726 1716 w
(this) 4861 1716 w
(section.) 720 1836 w
(These) 1180 1836 w
(are) 1516 1836 w
(programs) 1716 1836 w
(imported) 2231 1836 w
(from) 2722 1836 w
(and) 3002 1836 w
(maintained) 3230 1836 w
(by) 3819 1836 w
(the) 3982 1836 w
(UNIX) 4185 1836 w
(community;) 4468 1836 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(tex) 720 1956 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(is) 984 1956 w
(a) 1112 1956 w
(representative) 1216 1956 w
(example.) 1957 1956 w
(To) 2483 1956 w
(avoid) 2656 1956 w
(reconverting) 2965 1956 w
(such) 3624 1956 w
(programs) 3899 1956 w
(every) 4415 1956 w
(time) 4721 1956 w
(a) 4985 1956 w
(new) 720 2076 w
(version) 958 2076 w
(is) 1353 2076 w
(released,) 1476 2076 w
(we) 1958 2076 w
(built) 2134 2076 w
(a) 2397 2076 w
(porting) 2495 2076 w
(environment,) 2892 2076 w
(called) 3577 2076 w
(the) 3902 2076 w
(ANSI) 4099 2076 w
(C/POSIX) 4367 2076 w
(Envi\255) 4810 2076 w
(ronment,) 720 2196 w
(or) 1222 2196 w
(APE) 1382 2196 w
([Tric95].) 1618 2196 w
(APE) 2116 2196 w
(comprises) 2352 2196 w
(separate) 2906 2196 w
(include) 3378 2196 w
(files,) 3788 2196 w
(libraries,) 4080 2196 w
(and) 4564 2196 w
(com\255) 4802 2196 w
(mands,) 720 2316 w
(conforming) 1111 2316 w
(as) 1705 2316 w
(much) 1846 2316 w
(as) 2149 2316 w
(possible) 2290 2316 w
(to) 2727 2316 w
(the) 2859 2316 w
(strict) 3048 2316 w
(ANSI) 3328 2316 w
(C) 3588 2316 w
(and) 3691 2316 w
(base-level) 3905 2316 w
(POSIX) 4444 2316 w
(speci\255) 4757 2316 w
(fications.) 720 2436 w
(To) 1234 2436 w
(port) 1397 2436 w
(network-based) 1638 2436 w
(software) 2415 2436 w
(such) 2869 2436 w
(as) 3134 2436 w
(X) 3279 2436 w
(Windows,) 3381 2436 w
(it) 3881 2436 w
(was) 3986 2436 w
(necessary) 4208 2436 w
(to) 4722 2436 w
(add) 4859 2436 w
(some extensions to those specifications, such as the BSD networking functions.) 720 2556 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(Portability and Compilation) 720 2796 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Plan) 970 2952 w
(9) 1207 2952 w
(is) 1307 2952 w
(portable) 1424 2952 w
(across) 1866 2952 w
(a) 2213 2952 w
(variety) 2305 2952 w
(of) 2664 2952 w
(processor) 2799 2952 w
(architectures.) 3312 2952 w
(Within) 4042 2952 w
(a) 4384 2952 w
(single) 4476 2952 w
(com\255) 4802 2952 w
(puting) 720 3072 w
(session,) 1079 3072 w
(it) 1516 3072 w
(is) 1626 3072 w
(common) 1750 3072 w
(to) 2215 3072 w
(use) 2357 3072 w
(several) 2569 3072 w
(architectures:) 2952 3072 w
(perhaps) 3656 3072 w
(the) 4090 3072 w
(window) 4288 3072 w
(system) 4700 3072 w
(running) 720 3192 w
(on) 1138 3192 w
(an) 1299 3192 w
(Intel) 1454 3192 w
(processor) 1705 3192 w
(connected) 2219 3192 w
(to) 2756 3192 w
(a) 2892 3192 w
(MIPS-based) 2985 3192 w
(CPU) 3593 3192 w
(server) 3824 3192 w
(with) 4160 3192 w
(files) 4404 3192 w
(resident) 4645 3192 w
(on) 720 3312 w
(a) 876 3312 w
(SPARC) 964 3312 w
(system.) 1307 3312 w
(For this heterogeneity to be transparent, there must be conventions) 1743 3312 w
(about) 720 3432 w
(data) 1039 3432 w
(interchange) 1290 3432 w
(between) 1905 3432 w
(programs;) 2354 3432 w
(for) 2895 3432 w
(software) 3076 3432 w
(maintenance) 3533 3432 w
(to) 4193 3432 w
(be) 4333 3432 w
(straightfor\255) 4494 3432 w
(ward, there must be conventions about cross-architecture compilation.) 720 3552 w
(To) 970 3708 w
(avoid) 1144 3708 w
(byte) 1454 3708 w
(order) 1712 3708 w
(problems,) 2024 3708 w
(data) 2563 3708 w
(is) 2823 3708 w
(communicated) 2953 3708 w
(between) 3716 3708 w
(programs) 4174 3708 w
(as) 4692 3708 w
(text) 4849 3708 w
(whenever) 720 3828 w
(practical.) 1241 3828 w
(Sometimes,) 1775 3828 w
(though,) 2396 3828 w
(the) 2833 3828 w
(amount) 3047 3828 w
(of) 3476 3828 w
(data) 3633 3828 w
(is) 3902 3828 w
(high) 4040 3828 w
(enough) 4313 3828 w
(that) 4736 3828 w
(a) 4985 3828 w
(binary) 720 3948 w
(format) 1071 3948 w
(is) 1444 3948 w
(necessary;) 1574 3948 w
(such) 2131 3948 w
(data) 2407 3948 w
(is) 2667 3948 w
(communicated) 2797 3948 w
(as) 3560 3948 w
(a) 3716 3948 w
(byte) 3821 3948 w
(stream) 4079 3948 w
(with) 4462 3948 w
(a) 4717 3948 w
(pre-) 4822 3948 w
(defined) 720 4068 w
(encoding) 1134 4068 w
(for) 1628 4068 w
(multi-byte) 1815 4068 w
(values.) 2379 4068 w
(In) 2796 4068 w
(the) 2934 4068 w
(rare) 3136 4068 w
(cases) 3376 4068 w
(where) 3687 4068 w
(a) 4026 4068 w
(format) 4128 4068 w
(is) 4499 4068 w
(complex) 4626 4068 w
(enough to be defined by a data structure, the structure) 720 4188 w
(is) 3432 4188 w
(never) 3545 4188 w
(communicated) 3845 4188 w
(as) 4591 4188 w
(a) 4730 4188 w
(unit;) 4818 4188 w
(instead,) 720 4308 w
(it) 1140 4308 w
(is) 1240 4308 w
(decomposed) 1354 4308 w
(into) 2006 4308 w
(individual) 2229 4308 w
(fields,) 2736 4308 w
(encoded) 3067 4308 w
(as) 3513 4308 w
(an) 3653 4308 w
(ordered) 3804 4308 w
(byte) 4219 4308 w
(stream,) 4461 4308 w
(and) 4860 4308 w
(then) 720 4428 w
(reassembled) 979 4428 w
(by) 1635 4428 w
(the) 1792 4428 w
(recipient.) 1989 4428 w
(These) 2520 4428 w
(conventions) 2851 4428 w
(affect) 3478 4428 w
(data) 3794 4428 w
(ranging) 4047 4428 w
(from) 4463 4428 w
(kernel) 4738 4428 w
(or) 720 4548 w
(application) 867 4548 w
(program) 1446 4548 w
(state) 1907 4548 w
(information) 2188 4548 w
(to) 2800 4548 w
(object) 2943 4548 w
(file) 3286 4548 w
(intermediates) 3482 4548 w
(generated) 4192 4548 w
(by) 4725 4548 w
(the) 4885 4548 w
(compiler.) 720 4668 w
(Programs,) 970 4824 w
(including) 1494 4824 w
(the) 1976 4824 w
(kernel,) 2164 4824 w
(often) 2531 4824 w
(present) 2817 4824 w
(their) 3216 4824 w
(data) 3474 4824 w
(through) 3717 4824 w
(a) 4137 4824 w
(file) 4225 4824 w
(system) 4409 4824 w
(inter\255) 4782 4824 w
(face,) 720 4944 w
(an) 986 4944 w
(access) 1138 4944 w
(mechanism) 1488 4944 w
(that) 2075 4944 w
(is) 2301 4944 w
(inherently) 2416 4944 w
(portable.) 2937 4944 w
(For) 3441 4944 w
(example,) 3632 4944 w
(the) 4112 4944 w
(system) 4302 4944 w
(clock) 4676 4944 w
(is) 4960 4944 w
(represented) 720 5064 w
(by) 1350 5064 w
(a) 1513 5064 w
(decimal) 1616 5064 w
(number) 2040 5064 w
(in) 2466 5064 w
(the) 2606 5064 w
(file) 2810 5064 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev/time) 3010 5064 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(;) 3658 5064 w
(the) 3739 5064 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(time) 3943 5064 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(library) 4280 5064 w
(function) 4639 5064 w
(\(there) 720 5184 w
(is) 1040 5184 w
(no) 1155 5184 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(time) 1313 5184 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(system) 1636 5184 w
(call\)) 2011 5184 w
(reads) 2243 5184 w
(the) 2544 5184 w
(file) 2734 5184 w
(and) 2919 5184 w
(converts) 3133 5184 w
(it) 3578 5184 w
(to) 3678 5184 w
(binary.) 3810 5184 w
(Similarly,) 4210 5184 w
(instead) 4687 5184 w
(of) 720 5304 w
(encoding) 862 5304 w
(the) 1352 5304 w
(state) 1551 5304 w
(of) 1831 5304 w
(an) 1974 5304 w
(application) 2136 5304 w
(process) 2715 5304 w
(in) 3134 5304 w
(a) 3270 5304 w
(series) 3370 5304 w
(of) 3699 5304 w
(flags) 3842 5304 w
(and) 4121 5304 w
(bits) 4346 5304 w
(in) 4571 5304 w
(private) 4707 5304 w
(memory,) 720 5424 w
(the) 1187 5424 w
(kernel) 1381 5424 w
(presents) 1722 5424 w
(a) 2178 5424 w
(text) 2272 5424 w
(string) 2501 5424 w
(in) 2821 5424 w
(the) 2950 5424 w
(file) 3143 5424 w
(named) 3332 5424 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(status) 3699 5424 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(in) 4169 5424 w
(the) 4298 5424 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/proc) 4491 5424 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(file) 4889 5424 w
(system) 720 5544 w
(associated) 1106 5544 w
(with) 1661 5544 w
(each) 1912 5544 w
(process.) 2182 5544 w
(The) 2666 5544 w
(Plan) 2893 5544 w
(9) 3140 5544 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(ps) 3249 5544 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(command) 3439 5544 w
(is) 3964 5544 w
(trivial:) 4091 5544 w
(it) 4442 5544 w
(prints) 4555 5544 w
(the) 4885 5544 w
(contents of the desired status files after some minor reformatting; moreover, after) 720 5664 w
9 /LucidaTypewriter f
(import) 920 5834 w
(helix) 1375 5834 w
(/proc) 1765 5834 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(a local) 720 6014 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(ps) 1064 6014 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(command reports on the status of Helix) 1240 6014 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 3178 6014 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s processes.) 3210 6014 w
(Each) 970 6170 w
(supported) 1245 6170 w
(architecture) 1795 6170 w
(has) 2426 6170 w
(its) 2647 6170 w
(own) 2818 6170 w
(compilers) 3072 6170 w
(and) 3600 6170 w
(loader.) 3834 6170 w
(The) 4257 6170 w
(C) 4492 6170 w
(and) 4615 6170 w
(Alef) 4849 6170 w
(compilers) 720 6290 w
(produce) 1230 6290 w
(intermediate) 1663 6290 w
(files) 2312 6290 w
(that) 2549 6290 w
(are) 2775 6290 w
(portably) 2962 6290 w
(encoded;) 3398 6290 w
(the) 3877 6290 w
(contents) 4067 6290 w
(are) 4519 6290 w
(unique) 4706 6290 w
(to) 720 6410 w
(the) 856 6410 w
(target) 1049 6410 w
(architecture) 1375 6410 w
(but) 1991 6410 w
(the) 2191 6410 w
(format) 2384 6410 w
(of) 2746 6410 w
(the) 2882 6410 w
(file) 3075 6410 w
(is) 3264 6410 w
(independent) 3382 6410 w
(of) 4029 6410 w
(compiling) 4166 6410 w
(proces\255) 4684 6410 w
(sor) 720 6530 w
(type.) 913 6530 w
(When) 1225 6530 w
(a) 1531 6530 w
(compiler) 1626 6530 w
(for) 2089 6530 w
(a) 2268 6530 w
(given) 2363 6530 w
(architecture) 2663 6530 w
(is) 3280 6530 w
(compiled) 3399 6530 w
(on) 3883 6530 w
(another) 4045 6530 w
(type) 4458 6530 w
(of) 4705 6530 w
(pro\255) 4842 6530 w
(cessor) 720 6650 w
(and) 1080 6650 w
(then) 1309 6650 w
(used) 1575 6650 w
(to) 1856 6650 w
(compile) 2003 6650 w
(a) 2434 6650 w
(program) 2538 6650 w
(there,) 3003 6650 w
(the) 3336 6650 w
(intermediate) 3540 6650 w
(produced) 4203 6650 w
(on) 4712 6650 w
(the) 4885 6650 w
(new) 720 6770 w
(architecture) 975 6770 w
(is) 1613 6770 w
(identical) 1753 6770 w
(to) 2223 6770 w
(the) 2380 6770 w
(intermediate) 2594 6770 w
(produced) 3267 6770 w
(on) 3786 6770 w
(the) 3968 6770 w
(native) 4182 6770 w
(processor.) 4532 6770 w
(From the compiler) 720 6890 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1611 6890 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s point of view, every compilation is a cross-compilation.) 1643 6890 w
(Although) 970 7046 w
(each) 1467 7046 w
(architecture) 1744 7046 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 2322 7046 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 2354 7046 w
(loader) 2458 7046 w
(accepts) 2816 7046 w
(only) 3233 7046 w
(intermediate) 3490 7046 w
(files) 4157 7046 w
(produced) 4412 7046 w
(by) 4925 7046 w
(compilers) 720 7166 w
(for) 1230 7166 w
(that) 1405 7166 w
(architecture,) 1632 7166 w
(such) 2278 7166 w
(files) 2540 7166 w
(could) 2778 7166 w
(have) 3080 7166 w
(been) 3341 7166 w
(generated) 3613 7166 w
(by) 4136 7166 w
(a) 4286 7166 w
(compiler) 4376 7166 w
(exe\255) 4834 7166 w
(cuting) 720 7286 w
(on) 1057 7286 w
(any) 1214 7286 w
(type) 1417 7286 w
(of) 1659 7286 w
(processor.) 1791 7286 w
(For) 2365 7286 w
(instance,) 2555 7286 w
(it) 3024 7286 w
(is) 3124 7286 w
(possible) 3239 7286 w
(to) 3677 7286 w
(run) 3810 7286 w
(the) 4010 7286 w
(MIPS) 4200 7286 w
(compiler) 4459 7286 w
(on) 4917 7286 w
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10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 11 \255) 2752 480 w
(a 486, then use the MIPS loader on a SPARC to produce a MIPS executable.) 720 840 w
(Since) 970 996 w
(Plan) 1261 996 w
(9) 1501 996 w
(runs) 1603 996 w
(on) 1858 996 w
(a) 2020 996 w
(variety) 2114 996 w
(of) 2475 996 w
(architectures,) 2612 996 w
(even) 3312 996 w
(in) 3577 996 w
(a) 3707 996 w
(single) 3801 996 w
(installation,) 4129 996 w
(distin\255) 4736 996 w
(guishing) 720 1116 w
(the) 1189 1116 w
(compilers) 1394 1116 w
(and) 1918 1116 w
(intermediate) 2147 1116 w
(names) 2810 1116 w
(simplifies) 3176 1116 w
(multi-architecture) 3692 1116 w
(develop\255) 4627 1116 w
(ment) 720 1236 w
(from) 1006 1236 w
(a) 1276 1236 w
(single) 1369 1236 w
(source) 1696 1236 w
(tree.) 2056 1236 w
(The) 2348 1236 w
(compilers) 2567 1236 w
(and) 3079 1236 w
(the) 3297 1236 w
(loader) 3490 1236 w
(for) 3833 1236 w
(each) 4010 1236 w
(architecture) 4272 1236 w
(are) 4888 1236 w
(uniquely) 720 1356 w
(named;) 1177 1356 w
(there) 1580 1356 w
(is) 1874 1356 w
(no) 1996 1356 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cc) 2161 1356 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(command.) 2347 1356 w
(The) 2931 1356 w
(names) 3154 1356 w
(are) 3513 1356 w
(derived) 3707 1356 w
(by) 4108 1356 w
(concatenating) 4264 1356 w
(a) 4985 1356 w
(code) 720 1476 w
(letter) 1004 1476 w
(associated) 1313 1476 w
(with) 1875 1476 w
(the) 2133 1476 w
(target) 2341 1476 w
(architecture) 2682 1476 w
(with) 3313 1476 w
(the) 3571 1476 w
(name) 3780 1476 w
(of) 4100 1476 w
(the) 4252 1476 w
(compiler) 4461 1476 w
(or) 4938 1476 w
(loader.) 720 1596 w
(For) 1123 1596 w
(example,) 1313 1596 w
(the) 1792 1596 w
(letter) 1981 1596 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 2271 1596 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(8) 2303 1596 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 2366 1596 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(is) 2432 1596 w
(the) 2546 1596 w
(code) 2735 1596 w
(letter) 3000 1596 w
(for) 3289 1596 w
(Intel) 3461 1596 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(x) 3707 1596 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(86) 3761 1596 w
(processors;) 3920 1596 w
(the) 4512 1596 w
(C) 4700 1596 w
(com\255) 4802 1596 w
(piler) 720 1716 w
(is) 984 1716 w
(named) 1110 1716 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(8c) 1485 1716 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 1629 1716 w
(the) 1707 1716 w
(Alef) 1908 1716 w
(compiler) 2145 1716 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(8al) 2614 1716 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2830 1716 w
(and) 2908 1716 w
(the) 3134 1716 w
(loader) 3335 1716 w
(is) 3686 1716 w
(called) 3812 1716 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(8l) 4141 1716 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 4285 1716 w
(Similarly,) 4395 1716 w
(the) 4885 1716 w
(compiler intermediate files are suffixed) 720 1836 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(.8) 2667 1836 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(, not) 2811 1836 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(.o) 3067 1836 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 3211 1836 w
(The) 970 1992 w
(Plan) 1192 1992 w
(9) 1434 1992 w
(build) 1538 1992 w
(program) 1825 1992 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(mk) 2282 1992 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2426 1992 w
(a) 2499 1992 w
(relative) 2595 1992 w
(of) 2991 1992 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(make) 3130 1992 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3418 1992 w
(reads) 3491 1992 w
(the) 3798 1992 w
(names) 3994 1992 w
(of) 4353 1992 w
(the) 4493 1992 w
(current) 4690 1992 w
(and) 720 2112 w
(target) 934 2112 w
(architectures) 1256 2112 w
(from) 1919 2112 w
(environment) 2185 2112 w
(variables) 2830 2112 w
(called) 3294 2112 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
($cputype) 3610 2112 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and) 4219 2112 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
($objtype) 4432 2112 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 5008 2112 w
(By) 720 2232 w
(default) 876 2232 w
(the) 1261 2232 w
(current) 1462 2232 w
(processor) 1858 2232 w
(is) 2380 2232 w
(the) 2506 2232 w
(target,) 2707 2232 w
(but) 3073 2232 w
(setting) 3281 2232 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
($objtype) 3661 2232 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(to) 4283 2232 w
(the) 4427 2232 w
(name) 4629 2232 w
(of) 4942 2232 w
(another architecture before invoking) 720 2352 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(mk) 2529 2352 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(results in a cross-build:) 2705 2352 w
9 /LucidaTypewriter f
(%) 920 2522 w
(objtype=sparc) 1050 2522 w
(mk) 1960 2522 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(builds) 720 2702 w
(a) 1057 2702 w
(program) 1152 2702 w
(for) 1608 2702 w
(the) 1787 2702 w
(SPARC) 1982 2702 w
(architecture) 2332 2702 w
(regardless) 2950 2702 w
(of) 3495 2702 w
(the) 3633 2702 w
(executing) 3829 2702 w
(machine.) 4346 2702 w
(The) 4859 2702 w
(value) 720 2822 w
(of) 1026 2822 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
($objtype) 1176 2822 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(selects) 1804 2822 w
(a) 2187 2822 w
(file) 2294 2822 w
(of) 2497 2822 w
(architecture-dependent) 2646 2822 w
(variable) 3851 2822 w
(definitions) 4282 2822 w
(that) 4849 2822 w
(configures) 720 2942 w
(the) 1284 2942 w
(build) 1491 2942 w
(to) 1789 2942 w
(use) 1939 2942 w
(the) 2160 2942 w
(appropriate) 2367 2942 w
(compilers) 2983 2942 w
(and) 3509 2942 w
(loader.) 3742 2942 w
(Although) 4164 2942 w
(simple-) 4661 2942 w
(minded,) 720 3062 w
(this) 1156 3062 w
(technique) 1373 3062 w
(works) 1889 3062 w
(well) 2215 3062 w
(in) 2444 3062 w
(practice:) 2573 3062 w
(all) 3026 3062 w
(applications) 3177 3062 w
(in) 3800 3062 w
(Plan) 3929 3062 w
(9) 4168 3062 w
(are) 4269 3062 w
(built) 4459 3062 w
(from) 4716 3062 w
(a) 4985 3062 w
(single) 720 3182 w
(source) 1044 3182 w
(tree) 1401 3182 w
(and) 1626 3182 w
(it) 1841 3182 w
(is) 1942 3182 w
(possible) 2057 3182 w
(to) 2496 3182 w
(build) 2630 3182 w
(the) 2912 3182 w
(various) 3103 3182 w
(architectures) 3490 3182 w
(in) 4155 3182 w
(parallel) 4282 3182 w
(without) 4675 3182 w
(conflict.) 720 3302 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(Parallel programming) 720 3542 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Plan) 970 3698 w
(9) 1214 3698 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1277 3698 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 1309 3698 w
(support) 1403 3698 w
(for) 1824 3698 w
(parallel) 2006 3698 w
(programming) 2406 3698 w
(has) 3111 3698 w
(two) 3322 3698 w
(aspects.) 3540 3698 w
(First,) 4011 3698 w
(the) 4298 3698 w
(kernel) 4496 3698 w
(pro\255) 4842 3698 w
(vides) 720 3818 w
(a) 1006 3818 w
(simple) 1096 3818 w
(process) 1452 3818 w
(model) 1861 3818 w
(and) 2198 3818 w
(a) 2413 3818 w
(few) 2502 3818 w
(carefully) 2706 3818 w
(designed) 3152 3818 w
(system) 3628 3818 w
(calls) 4002 3818 w
(for) 4251 3818 w
(synchroniza\255) 4424 3818 w
(tion) 720 3938 w
(and) 957 3938 w
(sharing.) 1185 3938 w
(Second,) 1659 3938 w
(a) 2086 3938 w
(new) 2189 3938 w
(parallel) 2432 3938 w
(programming) 2837 3938 w
(language) 3547 3938 w
(called) 4039 3938 w
(Alef) 4371 3938 w
(supports) 4611 3938 w
(concurrent) 720 4058 w
(programming.) 1279 4058 w
(Although) 2040 4058 w
(it) 2519 4058 w
(is) 2620 4058 w
(possible) 2735 4058 w
(to) 3173 4058 w
(write) 3306 4058 w
(parallel) 3581 4058 w
(programs) 3973 4058 w
(in) 4475 4058 w
(C,) 4600 4058 w
(Alef) 4735 4058 w
(is) 4960 4058 w
(the parallel language of choice.) 720 4178 w
(There) 970 4334 w
(is) 1287 4334 w
(a) 1406 4334 w
(trend) 1500 4334 w
(in) 1798 4334 w
(new) 1928 4334 w
(operating) 2162 4334 w
(systems) 2667 4334 w
(to) 3097 4334 w
(implement) 3234 4334 w
(two) 3791 4334 w
(classes) 4005 4334 w
(of) 4389 4334 w
(processes:) 4527 4334 w
(normal) 720 4454 w
(UNIX-style) 1102 4454 w
(processes) 1661 4454 w
(and) 2183 4454 w
(light-weight) 2404 4454 w
(kernel) 3044 4454 w
(threads.) 3386 4454 w
(Instead,) 3855 4454 w
(Plan) 4280 4454 w
(9) 4521 4454 w
(provides) 4624 4454 w
(a) 720 4574 w
(single) 813 4574 w
(class) 1140 4574 w
(of) 1415 4574 w
(process) 1552 4574 w
(but) 1965 4574 w
(allows) 2166 4574 w
(fine) 2507 4574 w
(control) 2730 4574 w
(of) 3111 4574 w
(the) 3248 4574 w
(sharing) 3442 4574 w
(of) 3843 4574 w
(a) 3980 4574 w
(process) 4074 4574 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4448 4574 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 4480 4574 w
(resources) 4570 4574 w
(such) 720 4694 w
(as) 982 4694 w
(memory) 1124 4694 w
(and) 1556 4694 w
(file) 1772 4694 w
(descriptors.) 1959 4694 w
(A) 2603 4694 w
(single) 2708 4694 w
(class) 3033 4694 w
(of) 3305 4694 w
(process) 3438 4694 w
(is) 3847 4694 w
(a) 3962 4694 w
(feasible) 4052 4694 w
(approach) 4463 4694 w
(in) 4949 4694 w
(Plan) 720 4814 w
(9) 962 4814 w
(because) 1066 4814 w
(the) 1501 4814 w
(kernel) 1697 4814 w
(has) 2040 4814 w
(an) 2249 4814 w
(efficient) 2407 4814 w
(system) 2842 4814 w
(call) 3223 4814 w
(interface) 3428 4814 w
(and) 3893 4814 w
(cheap) 4114 4814 w
(process) 4443 4814 w
(cre\255) 4859 4814 w
(ation and scheduling.) 720 4934 w
(Parallel) 970 5090 w
(programs) 1354 5090 w
(have) 1856 5090 w
(three) 2117 5090 w
(basic) 2405 5090 w
(requirements:) 2690 5090 w
(management) 3405 5090 w
(of) 4072 5090 w
(resources) 4206 5090 w
(shared) 4712 5090 w
(between) 720 5210 w
(processes,) 1172 5210 w
(an) 1730 5210 w
(interface) 1891 5210 w
(to) 2359 5210 w
(the) 2501 5210 w
(scheduler,) 2700 5210 w
(and) 3247 5210 w
(fine-grain) 3471 5210 w
(process) 4006 5210 w
(synchroniza\255) 4424 5210 w
(tion) 720 5330 w
(using) 952 5330 w
(spin) 1261 5330 w
(locks.) 1509 5330 w
(On) 1866 5330 w
(Plan) 2049 5330 w
(9,) 2293 5330 w
(new) 2431 5330 w
(processes) 2669 5330 w
(are) 3193 5330 w
(created) 3388 5330 w
(using) 3790 5330 w
(the) 4099 5330 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rfork) 4297 5330 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(system) 4700 5330 w
(call.) 720 5450 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(Rfork) 998 5450 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(takes) 1407 5450 w
(a) 1713 5450 w
(single) 1817 5450 w
(argument,) 2155 5450 w
(a) 2704 5450 w
(bit) 2808 5450 w
(vector) 2986 5450 w
(that) 3333 5450 w
(specifies) 3573 5450 w
(which) 4045 5450 w
(of) 4375 5450 w
(the) 4522 5450 w
(parent) 4726 5450 w
(process) 720 5570 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1094 5570 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 1126 5570 w
(resources) 1243 5570 w
(should) 1779 5570 w
(be) 2173 5570 w
(shared,) 2358 5570 w
(copied,) 2784 5570 w
(or) 3205 5570 w
(created) 3373 5570 w
(anew) 3798 5570 w
(in) 4114 5570 w
(the) 4272 5570 w
(child.) 4494 5570 w
(The) 4859 5570 w
(resources) 720 5690 w
(controlled) 1254 5690 w
(by) 1808 5690 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rfork) 1987 5690 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(include) 2411 5690 w
(the) 2827 5690 w
(name) 3046 5690 w
(space,) 3376 5690 w
(the) 3747 5690 w
(environment,) 3965 5690 w
(the) 4671 5690 w
(file) 4889 5690 w
(descriptor) 720 5810 w
(table,) 1247 5810 w
(memory) 1553 5810 w
(segments,) 1983 5810 w
(and) 2517 5810 w
(notes) 2731 5810 w
(\(Plan) 3032 5810 w
(9) 3300 5810 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 3363 5810 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 3395 5810 w
(analog) 3480 5810 w
(of) 3838 5810 w
(UNIX) 3970 5810 w
(signals\).) 4240 5810 w
(One) 4711 5810 w
(of) 4942 5810 w
(the) 720 5930 w
(bits) 914 5930 w
(controls) 1133 5930 w
(whether) 1565 5930 w
(the) 1995 5930 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rfork) 2189 5930 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(call) 2588 5930 w
(will) 2791 5930 w
(create) 2994 5930 w
(a) 3328 5930 w
(new) 3421 5930 w
(process;) 3654 5930 w
(if) 4098 5930 w
(the) 4202 5930 w
(bit) 4395 5930 w
(is) 4562 5930 w
(off,) 4680 5930 w
(the) 4885 5930 w
(resulting modification) 720 6050 w
(to) 1821 6050 w
(the) 1952 6050 w
(resources) 2140 6050 w
(occurs) 2643 6050 w
(in) 2993 6050 w
(the) 3117 6050 w
(process) 3305 6050 w
(making) 3712 6050 w
(the) 4104 6050 w
(call.) 4292 6050 w
(For) 4553 6050 w
(exam\255) 4742 6050 w
(ple,) 720 6170 w
(a) 936 6170 w
(process) 1027 6170 w
(calls) 1437 6170 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rfork\(RFNAMEG\)) 1688 6170 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(to) 2732 6170 w
(disconnect) 2866 6170 w
(its) 3425 6170 w
(name) 3578 6170 w
(space) 3880 6170 w
(from) 4192 6170 w
(its) 4459 6170 w
(parent) 4611 6170 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4925 6170 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s.) 4957 6170 w
(Alef) 720 6290 w
(uses) 953 6290 w
(a) 1215 6290 w
(fine-grained) 1312 6290 w
(fork) 1964 6290 w
(in) 2203 6290 w
(which) 2336 6290 w
(all) 2659 6290 w
(the) 2814 6290 w
(resources,) 3011 6290 w
(including) 3555 6290 w
(memory,) 4046 6290 w
(are) 4517 6290 w
(shared) 4712 6290 w
(between parent and child, analogous to creating a kernel thread in many systems.) 720 6410 w
(An) 970 6566 w
(indication) 1134 6566 w
(that) 1645 6566 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rfork) 1869 6566 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(is) 2262 6566 w
(the) 2375 6566 w
(right) 2563 6566 w
(model) 2827 6566 w
(is) 3162 6566 w
(the) 3276 6566 w
(variety) 3465 6566 w
(of) 3821 6566 w
(ways) 3953 6566 w
(it) 4222 6566 w
(is) 4322 6566 w
(used.) 4436 6566 w
(Other) 4766 6566 w
(than) 720 6686 w
(the) 972 6686 w
(canonical) 1163 6686 w
(use) 1653 6686 w
(in) 1857 6686 w
(the) 1983 6686 w
(library) 2173 6686 w
(routine) 2518 6686 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(fork) 2901 6686 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3189 6686 w
(it) 3256 6686 w
(is) 3357 6686 w
(hard) 3472 6686 w
(to) 3728 6686 w
(find) 3861 6686 w
(two) 4087 6686 w
(calls) 4297 6686 w
(to) 4547 6686 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rfork) 4680 6686 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(with) 720 6806 w
(the) 968 6806 w
(same) 1166 6806 w
(bits) 1464 6806 w
(set;) 1687 6806 w
(programs) 1906 6806 w
(use) 2416 6806 w
(it) 2628 6806 w
(to) 2737 6806 w
(create) 2878 6806 w
(many) 3217 6806 w
(different) 3523 6806 w
(forms) 3985 6806 w
(of) 4312 6806 w
(sharing) 4454 6806 w
(and) 4860 6806 w
(resource) 720 6926 w
(allocation.) 1181 6926 w
(A) 1756 6926 w
(system) 1867 6926 w
(with) 2248 6926 w
(just) 2494 6926 w
(two) 2715 6926 w
(types) 2931 6926 w
(of) 3231 6926 w
(processes) 3370 6926 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\024) 3851 6926 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(regular) 3951 6926 w
(processes) 4338 6926 w
(and) 4860 6926 w
(threads) 720 7046 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\024) 1085 7046 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(could not handle this variety.) 1185 7046 w
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10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 12 \255) 2752 480 w
(There) 970 840 w
(are) 1287 840 w
(two) 1478 840 w
(ways) 1693 840 w
(to) 1968 840 w
(share) 2106 840 w
(memory.) 2411 840 w
(First,) 2911 840 w
(a) 3195 840 w
(flag) 3290 840 w
(to) 3513 840 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rfork) 3651 840 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(causes) 4051 840 w
(all) 4417 840 w
(the) 4570 840 w
(mem\255) 4765 840 w
(ory) 720 960 w
(segments) 907 960 w
(of) 1408 960 w
(the) 1539 960 w
(parent) 1727 960 w
(to) 2074 960 w
(be) 2205 960 w
(shared with the child \(except the stack, which is forked) 2357 960 w
(copy-on-write) 720 1080 w
(regardless\).) 1474 1080 w
(Alternatively,) 2124 1080 w
(a) 2808 1080 w
(new) 2911 1080 w
(segment) 3154 1080 w
(of) 3619 1080 w
(memory) 3765 1080 w
(may) 4209 1080 w
(be) 4457 1080 w
(attached) 4624 1080 w
(using) 720 1200 w
(the) 1024 1200 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(segattach) 1217 1200 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(system) 1903 1200 w
(call;) 2281 1200 w
(such) 2515 1200 w
(a) 2779 1200 w
(segment) 2872 1200 w
(will) 3326 1200 w
(always) 3527 1200 w
(be) 3883 1200 w
(shared) 4039 1200 w
(between) 4404 1200 w
(par\255) 4848 1200 w
(ent and child.) 720 1320 w
(The) 970 1476 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rendezvous) 1192 1476 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(system) 1953 1476 w
(call) 2334 1476 w
(provides) 2539 1476 w
(a) 2996 1476 w
(way) 3092 1476 w
(for) 3317 1476 w
(processes) 3497 1476 w
(to) 4019 1476 w
(synchronize.) 4159 1476 w
(Alef) 4849 1476 w
(uses) 720 1596 w
(it) 995 1596 w
(to) 1116 1596 w
(implement) 1269 1596 w
(communication) 1842 1596 w
(channels,) 2642 1596 w
(queuing) 3156 1596 w
(locks,) 3606 1596 w
(multiple) 3942 1596 w
(reader/writer) 4394 1596 w
(locks,) 720 1716 w
(and) 1049 1716 w
(the) 1276 1716 w
(sleep) 1478 1716 w
(and) 1780 1716 w
(wakeup) 2007 1716 w
(mechanism.) 2426 1716 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(Rendezvous) 3090 1716 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(takes) 3858 1716 w
(two) 4163 1716 w
(arguments,) 4386 1716 w
(a) 4985 1716 w
(tag) 720 1836 w
(and) 915 1836 w
(a) 1136 1836 w
(value.) 1232 1836 w
(When) 1591 1836 w
(a) 1897 1836 w
(process) 1992 1836 w
(calls) 2406 1836 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rendezvous) 2661 1836 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(with) 3421 1836 w
(a) 3666 1836 w
(tag) 3761 1836 w
(it) 3955 1836 w
(sleeps) 4061 1836 w
(until) 4407 1836 w
(another) 4666 1836 w
(process) 720 1956 w
(presents) 1131 1956 w
(a) 1585 1956 w
(matching) 1677 1956 w
(tag.) 2165 1956 w
(When) 2420 1956 w
(a) 2723 1956 w
(pair) 2815 1956 w
(of) 3040 1956 w
(tags) 3175 1956 w
(match,) 3418 1956 w
(the) 3786 1956 w
(values) 3979 1956 w
(are) 4322 1956 w
(exchanged) 4512 1956 w
(between) 720 2076 w
(the) 1164 2076 w
(two) 1356 2076 w
(processes) 1568 2076 w
(and) 2086 2076 w
(both) 2303 2076 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rendezvous) 2563 2076 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(calls) 3319 2076 w
(return.) 3570 2076 w
(This) 3969 2076 w
(primitive) 4210 2076 w
(is) 4675 2076 w
(suffi\255) 4791 2076 w
(cient to implement the full set of synchronization routines.) 720 2196 w
(Finally,) 970 2352 w
(spin) 1352 2352 w
(locks) 1597 2352 w
(are) 1887 2352 w
(provided) 2079 2352 w
(by) 2547 2352 w
(an) 2702 2352 w
(architecture-dependent) 2859 2352 w
(library) 4053 2352 w
(at) 4403 2352 w
(user) 4535 2352 w
(level.) 4786 2352 w
(Most) 720 2472 w
(processors) 991 2472 w
(provide) 1554 2472 w
(atomic) 1955 2472 w
(test) 2317 2472 w
(and) 2534 2472 w
(set) 2750 2472 w
(instructions) 2930 2472 w
(that) 3539 2472 w
(can) 3765 2472 w
(be) 3968 2472 w
(used) 4122 2472 w
(to) 4389 2472 w
(implement) 4522 2472 w
(locks.) 720 2592 w
(A) 1073 2592 w
(notable) 1182 2592 w
(exception) 1585 2592 w
(is) 2101 2592 w
(the) 2221 2592 w
(MIPS) 2416 2592 w
(R3000,) 2680 2592 w
(so) 3067 2592 w
(the) 3219 2592 w
(SGI) 3414 2592 w
(Power) 3609 2592 w
(series) 3939 2592 w
(multiprocessors) 4263 2592 w
(have) 720 2712 w
(special) 979 2712 w
(lock) 1347 2712 w
(hardware) 1580 2712 w
(on) 2064 2712 w
(the) 2221 2712 w
(bus.) 2410 2712 w
(User) 2684 2712 w
(processes) 2935 2712 w
(gain) 3450 2712 w
(access) 3691 2712 w
(to) 4039 2712 w
(the) 4170 2712 w
(lock) 4358 2712 w
(hardware) 4590 2712 w
(by) 720 2832 w
(mapping) 881 2832 w
(pages) 1354 2832 w
(of) 1687 2832 w
(hardware) 1831 2832 w
(locks) 2327 2832 w
(into) 2623 2832 w
(their) 2858 2832 w
(address) 3129 2832 w
(space) 3555 2832 w
(using) 3877 2832 w
(the) 4190 2832 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(segattach) 4392 2832 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(system call.) 720 2952 w
(A) 970 3108 w
(Plan) 1078 3108 w
(9) 1318 3108 w
(process) 1420 3108 w
(in) 1833 3108 w
(a) 1963 3108 w
(system) 2057 3108 w
(call) 2437 3108 w
(will) 2641 3108 w
(block) 2845 3108 w
(regardless) 3147 3108 w
(of) 3692 3108 w
(its) 3830 3108 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 3987 3108 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(weight) 4019 3108 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4342 3108 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 4374 3108 w
(This) 4478 3108 w
(means) 4723 3108 w
(that) 720 3228 w
(when) 949 3228 w
(a) 1244 3228 w
(program) 1337 3228 w
(wishes) 1791 3228 w
(to) 2155 3228 w
(read) 2291 3228 w
(from) 2544 3228 w
(a) 2814 3228 w
(slow) 2907 3228 w
(device) 3163 3228 w
(without) 3508 3228 w
(blocking) 3910 3228 w
(the) 4362 3228 w
(entire) 4554 3228 w
(cal\255) 4872 3228 w
(culation,) 720 3348 w
(it) 1176 3348 w
(must) 1280 3348 w
(fork) 1562 3348 w
(a) 1798 3348 w
(process) 1892 3348 w
(to) 2305 3348 w
(do) 2442 3348 w
(the) 2605 3348 w
(read) 2799 3348 w
(for) 3053 3348 w
(it.) 3231 3348 w
(The) 3400 3348 w
(solution) 3620 3348 w
(is) 4051 3348 w
(to) 4170 3348 w
(start) 4307 3348 w
(a) 4567 3348 w
(satellite) 4661 3348 w
(process) 720 3468 w
(that) 1132 3468 w
(does) 1361 3468 w
(the) 1630 3468 w
(I/O) 1823 3468 w
(and) 2021 3468 w
(delivers) 2239 3468 w
(the) 2654 3468 w
(answer) 2847 3468 w
(to) 3227 3468 w
(the) 3363 3468 w
(main) 3556 3468 w
(program) 3833 3468 w
(through) 4287 3468 w
(shared) 4712 3468 w
(memory) 720 3588 w
(or) 1168 3588 w
(perhaps) 1322 3588 w
(a) 1765 3588 w
(pipe.) 1872 3588 w
(This) 2199 3588 w
(sounds) 2457 3588 w
(onerous) 2860 3588 w
(but) 3307 3588 w
(works) 3522 3588 w
(easily) 3863 3588 w
(and) 4188 3588 w
(efficiently) 4421 3588 w
(in) 4949 3588 w
(practice;) 720 3708 w
(in) 1174 3708 w
(fact,) 1304 3708 w
(most) 1555 3708 w
(interactive) 1836 3708 w
(Plan) 2380 3708 w
(9) 2619 3708 w
(applications,) 2720 3708 w
(even) 3375 3708 w
(relatively) 3639 3708 w
(ordinary) 4113 3708 w
(ones) 4555 3708 w
(writ\255) 4823 3708 w
(ten in C, such as the text editor Sam [Pike87], run as multiprocess programs.) 720 3828 w
(The) 970 3984 w
(kernel) 1197 3984 w
(support) 1546 3984 w
(for) 1971 3984 w
(parallel) 2157 3984 w
(programming) 2561 3984 w
(in) 3270 3984 w
(Plan) 3408 3984 w
(9) 3656 3984 w
(is) 3766 3984 w
(a) 3893 3984 w
(few) 3995 3984 w
(hundred) 4212 3984 w
(lines) 4668 3984 w
(of) 4942 3984 w
(portable) 720 4104 w
(code;) 1160 4104 w
(a) 1458 4104 w
(handful) 1548 4104 w
(of) 1953 4104 w
(simple) 2086 4104 w
(primitives) 2442 4104 w
(enable) 2957 4104 w
(the) 3313 4104 w
(problems) 3503 4104 w
(to) 3995 4104 w
(be) 4128 4104 w
(handled) 4282 4104 w
(cleanly) 4706 4104 w
(at) 720 4224 w
(user) 848 4224 w
(level.) 1095 4224 w
(Although) 1418 4224 w
(the) 1899 4224 w
(primitives) 2091 4224 w
(work) 2608 4224 w
(fine) 2882 4224 w
(from) 3103 4224 w
(C,) 3372 4224 w
(they) 3510 4224 w
(are) 3754 4224 w
(particularly) 3943 4224 w
(expressive) 4524 4224 w
(from) 720 4344 w
(within) 985 4344 w
(Alef.) 1314 4344 w
(The) 1602 4344 w
(creation) 1816 4344 w
(and) 2241 4344 w
(management of slave I/O processes can be written in) 2454 4344 w
(a) 720 4464 w
(few) 808 4464 w
(lines) 1011 4464 w
(of) 1271 4464 w
(Alef,) 1403 4464 w
(providing) 1660 4464 w
(the) 2156 4464 w
(foundation) 2345 4464 w
(for) 2908 4464 w
(a) 3081 4464 w
(consistent) 3170 4464 w
(means) 3701 4464 w
(of) 4052 4464 w
(multiplexing) 4184 4464 w
(data) 4830 4464 w
(flows) 720 4584 w
(between) 1010 4584 w
(arbitrary) 1452 4584 w
(processes.) 1901 4584 w
(Moreover,) 2481 4584 w
(implementing) 3002 4584 w
(it) 3707 4584 w
(in) 3807 4584 w
(a) 3932 4584 w
(language) 4021 4584 w
(rather) 4498 4584 w
(than) 4824 4584 w
(in the kernel ensures consistent semantics between all devices and provides a) 720 4704 w
(more) 4543 4704 w
(gen\255) 4827 4704 w
(eral) 720 4824 w
(multiplexing) 950 4824 w
(primitive.) 1610 4824 w
(Compare) 2151 4824 w
(this) 2637 4824 w
(to) 2864 4824 w
(the) 3010 4824 w
(UNIX) 3213 4824 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(select) 3496 4824 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(system) 3976 4824 w
(call:) 4364 4824 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(select) 4608 4824 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(applies) 720 4944 w
(only) 1104 4944 w
(to) 1346 4944 w
(a) 1482 4944 w
(restricted) 1575 4944 w
(set) 2075 4944 w
(of) 2257 4944 w
(devices,) 2393 4944 w
(legislates) 2821 4944 w
(a) 3314 4944 w
(style) 3407 4944 w
(of) 3670 4944 w
(multiprogramming) 3806 4944 w
(in) 4756 4944 w
(the) 4885 4944 w
(kernel, does not extend across networks, is difficult to implement, and is hard to use.) 720 5064 w
(Another) 970 5220 w
(reason) 1395 5220 w
(parallel) 1758 5220 w
(programming) 2152 5220 w
(is) 2851 5220 w
(important) 2968 5220 w
(in) 3483 5220 w
(Plan) 3612 5220 w
(9) 3851 5220 w
(is) 3952 5220 w
(that) 4070 5220 w
(multi-threaded) 4299 5220 w
(user-level) 720 5340 w
(file) 1255 5340 w
(servers) 1451 5340 w
(are) 1844 5340 w
(the) 2041 5340 w
(preferred) 2241 5340 w
(way) 2739 5340 w
(to) 2967 5340 w
(implement) 3109 5340 w
(services.) 3671 5340 w
(Examples) 4166 5340 w
(of) 4672 5340 w
(such) 4814 5340 w
(servers) 720 5460 w
(include) 1101 5460 w
(the) 1486 5460 w
(programming) 1674 5460 w
(environment) 2369 5460 w
(Acme) 3013 5460 w
([Pike94],) 3315 5460 w
(the) 3770 5460 w
(name) 3958 5460 w
(space) 4258 5460 w
(exporting) 4568 5460 w
(tool) 720 5580 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(exportfs) 951 5580 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
([PPTTW93],) 1570 5580 w
(the) 2159 5580 w
(HTTP) 2357 5580 w
(daemon,) 2655 5580 w
(and) 3120 5580 w
(the) 3343 5580 w
(network) 3541 5580 w
(name) 3976 5580 w
(servers) 4284 5580 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cs) 4674 5580 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and) 4860 5580 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(dns) 720 5700 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
([PrWi93].) 974 5700 w
(Complex) 1479 5700 w
(applications) 1949 5700 w
(such) 2572 5700 w
(as) 2836 5700 w
(Acme) 2980 5700 w
(prove) 3287 5700 w
(that) 3598 5700 w
(careful) 3827 5700 w
(operating) 4196 5700 w
(system) 4700 5700 w
(support) 720 5820 w
(can) 1136 5820 w
(reduce) 1342 5820 w
(the) 1709 5820 w
(difficulty) 1902 5820 w
(of) 2366 5820 w
(writing) 2502 5820 w
(multi-threaded) 2877 5820 w
(applications) 3656 5820 w
(without) 4279 5820 w
(moving) 4681 5820 w
(threading and synchronization primitives into the kernel.) 720 5940 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(Implementation of Name Spaces) 720 6180 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(User) 970 6336 w
(processes) 1237 6336 w
(construct) 1769 6336 w
(name) 2273 6336 w
(spaces) 2590 6336 w
(using) 2968 6336 w
(three) 3285 6336 w
(system) 3588 6336 w
(calls:) 3979 6336 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(mount) 4277 6336 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4637 6336 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(bind) 4720 6336 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 5008 6336 w
(and) 720 6456 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(unmount) 946 6456 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 1450 6456 w
(The) 1560 6456 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(mount) 1787 6456 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(system) 2193 6456 w
(call) 2579 6456 w
(attaches) 2789 6456 w
(a) 3239 6456 w
(tree) 3340 6456 w
(served) 3576 6456 w
(by) 3941 6456 w
(a) 4102 6456 w
(file) 4203 6456 w
(server) 4400 6456 w
(to) 4742 6456 w
(the) 4885 6456 w
(current) 720 6576 w
(name) 1109 6576 w
(space.) 1414 6576 w
(Before) 1793 6576 w
(calling) 2141 6576 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(mount) 2497 6576 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2857 6576 w
(the) 2928 6576 w
(client) 3122 6576 w
(must) 3425 6576 w
(\(by) 3707 6576 w
(outside) 3894 6576 w
(means\)) 4293 6576 w
(acquire) 4683 6576 w
(a) 720 6696 w
(connection) 815 6696 w
(to) 1386 6696 w
(the) 1523 6696 w
(server) 1717 6696 w
(in) 2053 6696 w
(the) 2183 6696 w
(form) 2377 6696 w
(of) 2648 6696 w
(a) 2785 6696 w
(file) 2879 6696 w
(descriptor) 3069 6696 w
(that) 3601 6696 w
(may) 3831 6696 w
(be) 4070 6696 w
(written) 4228 6696 w
(and) 4606 6696 w
(read) 4825 6696 w
(to transmit 9P messages.) 720 6816 w
(That file descriptor represents a pipe or network connection.) 2008 6816 w
(The) 970 6972 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(mount) 1193 6972 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(call) 1595 6972 w
(attaches) 1801 6972 w
(a) 2247 6972 w
(new) 2344 6972 w
(hierarchy) 2581 6972 w
(to) 3072 6972 w
(the) 3212 6972 w
(existing) 3409 6972 w
(name) 3838 6972 w
(space.) 4146 6972 w
(The) 4528 6972 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(bind) 4752 6972 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(system) 720 7092 w
(call,) 1094 7092 w
(on) 1324 7092 w
(the) 1481 7092 w
(other) 1670 7092 w
(hand,) 1961 7092 w
(duplicates) 2269 7092 w
(some) 2799 7092 w
(piece) 3094 7092 w
(of) 3382 7092 w
(existing) 3513 7092 w
(name) 3933 7092 w
(space) 4232 7092 w
(at) 4541 7092 w
(another) 4666 7092 w
(point in the name space.) 720 7212 w
(The) 1984 7212 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(unmount) 2197 7212 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(system call allows components to be removed.) 2733 7212 w
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(\255 13 \255) 2752 480 w
(Using) 970 840 w
(either) 1277 840 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(bind) 1592 840 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(or) 1914 840 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(mount) 2050 840 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2410 840 w
(multiple) 2476 840 w
(directories) 2908 840 w
(may) 3457 840 w
(be) 3691 840 w
(stacked) 3844 840 w
(at) 4249 840 w
(a) 4375 840 w
(single) 4464 840 w
(point) 4788 840 w
(in) 720 960 w
(the) 848 960 w
(name) 1040 960 w
(space.) 1343 960 w
(In) 1719 960 w
(Plan) 1846 960 w
(9) 2083 960 w
(terminology,) 2182 960 w
(this) 2833 960 w
(is) 3048 960 w
(a) 3164 960 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(union) 3255 960 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(directory) 3563 960 w
(and) 4030 960 w
(behaves) 4246 960 w
(like) 4677 960 w
(the) 4885 960 w
(concatenation) 720 1080 w
(of) 1455 1080 w
(the) 1609 1080 w
(constituent) 1820 1080 w
(directories.) 2421 1080 w
(A) 3056 1080 w
(flag) 3181 1080 w
(argument) 3420 1080 w
(to) 3944 1080 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(bind) 4098 1080 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and) 4443 1080 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(mount) 4680 1080 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(specifies) 720 1200 w
(the) 1190 1200 w
(position) 1392 1200 w
(of) 1832 1200 w
(a) 1977 1200 w
(new) 2079 1200 w
(directory) 2321 1200 w
(in) 2799 1200 w
(the) 2937 1200 w
(union,) 3139 1200 w
(permitting) 3494 1200 w
(new) 4050 1200 w
(elements) 4291 1200 w
(to) 4777 1200 w
(be) 4921 1200 w
(added either at the front or rear of the union or to replace it) 720 1320 w
(entirely.) 3676 1320 w
(When) 4135 1320 w
(a) 4434 1320 w
(file) 4522 1320 w
(lookup) 4706 1320 w
(is) 720 1440 w
(performed) 838 1440 w
(in) 1387 1440 w
(a) 1515 1440 w
(union) 1607 1440 w
(directory,) 1920 1440 w
(each) 2420 1440 w
(component) 2681 1440 w
(of) 3264 1440 w
(the) 3399 1440 w
(union) 3591 1440 w
(is) 3904 1440 w
(searched) 4021 1440 w
(in) 4493 1440 w
(turn) 4621 1440 w
(and) 4860 1440 w
(the) 720 1560 w
(first) 916 1560 w
(match) 1152 1560 w
(taken;) 1491 1560 w
(likewise,) 1832 1560 w
(when) 2290 1560 w
(a) 2588 1560 w
(union) 2684 1560 w
(directory) 3001 1560 w
(is) 3473 1560 w
(read,) 3594 1560 w
(the) 3882 1560 w
(contents) 4078 1560 w
(of) 4536 1560 w
(each) 4676 1560 w
(of) 4942 1560 w
(the) 720 1680 w
(component) 913 1680 w
(directories) 1497 1680 w
(is) 2050 1680 w
(read) 2168 1680 w
(in) 2420 1680 w
(turn.) 2548 1680 w
(Union) 2851 1680 w
(directories) 3171 1680 w
(are) 3723 1680 w
(one) 3912 1680 w
(of) 4128 1680 w
(the) 4263 1680 w
(most) 4455 1680 w
(widely) 4734 1680 w
(used) 720 1800 w
(organizational) 1010 1800 w
(features) 1763 1800 w
(of) 2216 1800 w
(the) 2372 1800 w
(Plan) 2585 1800 w
(9) 2844 1800 w
(name) 2965 1800 w
(space.) 3289 1800 w
(For) 3687 1800 w
(instance,) 3901 1800 w
(the) 4395 1800 w
(directory) 4609 1800 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/bin) 720 1920 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(is) 1063 1920 w
(built) 1198 1920 w
(as) 1473 1920 w
(a) 1633 1920 w
(union) 1742 1920 w
(of) 2072 1920 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/$cputype/bin) 2224 1920 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\(program) 3214 1920 w
(binaries\),) 3717 1920 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/rc/bin) 4222 1920 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\(shell) 4780 1920 w
(scripts\),) 720 2040 w
(and) 1153 2040 w
(perhaps) 1378 2040 w
(more) 1814 2040 w
(directories) 2110 2040 w
(provided) 2670 2040 w
(by) 3143 2040 w
(the) 3304 2040 w
(user.) 3505 2040 w
(This) 3825 2040 w
(construction) 4076 2040 w
(makes) 4727 2040 w
(the shell) 720 2160 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
($PATH) 1166 2160 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(variable unnecessary.) 1558 2160 w
(One) 970 2316 w
(question) 1206 2316 w
(raised) 1667 2316 w
(by) 2002 2316 w
(union) 2157 2316 w
(directories) 2473 2316 w
(is) 3028 2316 w
(which) 3148 2316 w
(element) 3470 2316 w
(of) 3900 2316 w
(the) 4039 2316 w
(union) 4235 2316 w
(receives) 4552 2316 w
(a) 4985 2316 w
(newly) 720 2436 w
(created) 1029 2436 w
(file.) 1421 2436 w
(After) 1669 2436 w
(several) 1942 2436 w
(designs,) 2315 2436 w
(we) 2754 2436 w
(decided) 2920 2436 w
(on) 3334 2436 w
(the) 3490 2436 w
(following.) 3678 2436 w
(By default, direc\255) 4222 2436 w
(tories) 720 2556 w
(in) 1028 2556 w
(unions) 1152 2556 w
(do) 1512 2556 w
(not) 1670 2556 w
(accept) 1864 2556 w
(new) 2211 2556 w
(files,) 2440 2556 w
(although) 2708 2556 w
(the) 3172 2556 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(create) 3361 2556 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(system) 3827 2556 w
(call) 4201 2556 w
(applied) 4399 2556 w
(to) 4791 2556 w
(an) 4923 2556 w
(existing) 720 2676 w
(file) 1143 2676 w
(succeeds) 1330 2676 w
(normally.) 1807 2676 w
(When) 2329 2676 w
(a) 2631 2676 w
(directory) 2722 2676 w
(is) 3189 2676 w
(added) 3305 2676 w
(to) 3641 2676 w
(the) 3775 2676 w
(union,) 3966 2676 w
(a) 4310 2676 w
(flag) 4401 2676 w
(to) 4619 2676 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(bind) 4752 2676 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(or) 720 2796 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(mount) 866 2796 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(enables) 1270 2796 w
(create) 1686 2796 w
(permission) 2026 2796 w
(\(a) 2606 2796 w
(property) 2738 2796 w
(of) 3197 2796 w
(the) 3340 2796 w
(name) 3540 2796 w
(space\)) 3851 2796 w
(in) 4205 2796 w
(that) 4341 2796 w
(directory.) 4577 2796 w
(When) 720 2916 w
(a) 1026 2916 w
(file) 1121 2916 w
(is) 1311 2916 w
(being) 1430 2916 w
(created) 1741 2916 w
(with) 2139 2916 w
(a) 2383 2916 w
(new) 2477 2916 w
(name) 2711 2916 w
(in) 3016 2916 w
(a) 3146 2916 w
(union,) 3240 2916 w
(it) 3587 2916 w
(is) 3692 2916 w
(created) 3811 2916 w
(in) 4209 2916 w
(the) 4339 2916 w
(first) 4533 2916 w
(direc\255) 4767 2916 w
(tory) 720 3036 w
(of) 950 3036 w
(the) 1087 3036 w
(union) 1281 3036 w
(with) 1596 3036 w
(create) 1840 3036 w
(permission;) 2175 3036 w
(if) 2782 3036 w
(that) 2887 3036 w
(creation) 3117 3036 w
(fails,) 3548 3036 w
(the) 3820 3036 w
(entire) 4014 3036 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(create) 4335 3036 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(fails.) 4807 3036 w
(This) 720 3156 w
(scheme) 960 3156 w
(enables) 1364 3156 w
(the) 1770 3156 w
(common) 1959 3156 w
(use) 2414 3156 w
(of) 2617 3156 w
(placing) 2749 3156 w
(a) 3134 3156 w
(private) 3223 3156 w
(directory) 3590 3156 w
(anywhere) 4055 3156 w
(in) 4550 3156 w
(a) 4675 3156 w
(union) 4764 3156 w
(of public ones, while allowing creation only in the private directory.) 720 3276 w
(By convention, kernel device) 970 3432 w
(file) 2383 3432 w
(systems) 2567 3432 w
(are) 2991 3432 w
(bound) 3176 3432 w
(into) 3520 3432 w
(the) 3742 3432 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev) 3930 3432 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(directory,) 4251 3432 w
(but) 4747 3432 w
(to) 4942 3432 w
(bootstrap) 720 3552 w
(the) 1232 3552 w
(name) 1430 3552 w
(space) 1739 3552 w
(building) 2058 3552 w
(process) 2500 3552 w
(it) 2917 3552 w
(is) 3025 3552 w
(necessary) 3147 3552 w
(to) 3664 3552 w
(have) 3804 3552 w
(a) 4071 3552 w
(notation) 4168 3552 w
(that) 4614 3552 w
(per\255) 4847 3552 w
(mits) 720 3672 w
(direct) 967 3672 w
(access) 1281 3672 w
(to) 1633 3672 w
(the) 1768 3672 w
(devices) 1960 3672 w
(without) 2355 3672 w
(an) 2757 3672 w
(existing) 2911 3672 w
(name) 3335 3672 w
(space.) 3638 3672 w
(The) 4016 3672 w
(root) 4235 3672 w
(directory) 4473 3672 w
(of) 4942 3672 w
(the) 720 3792 w
(tree) 923 3792 w
(served) 1161 3792 w
(by) 1528 3792 w
(a) 1691 3792 w
(device) 1794 3792 w
(driver) 2149 3792 w
(can) 2479 3792 w
(be) 2694 3792 w
(accessed) 2860 3792 w
(using) 3341 3792 w
(the) 3654 3792 w
(syntax) 3856 3792 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(#) 4221 3792 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(c) 4293 3792 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4343 3792 w
(where) 4422 3792 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(c) 4761 3792 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(is) 4858 3792 w
(a) 4985 3792 w
(unique) 720 3912 w
(character) 1106 3912 w
(\(typically) 1607 3912 w
(a) 2089 3912 w
(letter\)) 2196 3912 w
(identifying) 2537 3912 w
(the) 3107 3912 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(type) 3314 3912 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(of) 3573 3912 w
(the) 3724 3912 w
(device.) 3932 3912 w
(Simple) 4356 3912 w
(device) 4733 3912 w
(drivers) 720 4032 w
(serve) 1094 4032 w
(a) 1391 4032 w
(single) 1487 4032 w
(level) 1817 4032 w
(directory) 2080 4032 w
(containing) 2552 4032 w
(a) 3102 4032 w
(few) 3197 4032 w
(files.) 3407 4032 w
(As) 3713 4032 w
(an) 3873 4032 w
(example,) 4030 4032 w
(each) 4515 4032 w
(serial) 4779 4032 w
(port is represented by a data and a control file:) 720 4152 w
9 /LucidaTypewriter f
(%) 920 4322 w
(bind) 1050 4322 w
(-a) 1375 4322 w
('#t') 1570 4322 w
(/dev) 1895 4322 w
(%) 920 4432 w
(cd) 1050 4432 w
(/dev) 1245 4432 w
(%) 920 4542 w
(ls) 1050 4542 w
(-l) 1245 4542 w
(eia*) 1440 4542 w
(--rw-rw-rw-) 920 4652 w
(t) 1700 4652 w
(0) 1830 4652 w
(bootes) 1960 4652 w
(bootes) 2415 4652 w
(0) 2870 4652 w
(Feb) 3000 4652 w
(24) 3260 4652 w
(21:14) 3455 4652 w
(eia1) 3845 4652 w
(--rw-rw-rw-) 920 4762 w
(t) 1700 4762 w
(0) 1830 4762 w
(bootes) 1960 4762 w
(bootes) 2415 4762 w
(0) 2870 4762 w
(Feb) 3000 4762 w
(24) 3260 4762 w
(21:14) 3455 4762 w
(eia1ctl) 3845 4762 w
(--rw-rw-rw-) 920 4872 w
(t) 1700 4872 w
(0) 1830 4872 w
(bootes) 1960 4872 w
(bootes) 2415 4872 w
(0) 2870 4872 w
(Feb) 3000 4872 w
(24) 3260 4872 w
(21:14) 3455 4872 w
(eia2) 3845 4872 w
(--rw-rw-rw-) 920 4982 w
(t) 1700 4982 w
(0) 1830 4982 w
(bootes) 1960 4982 w
(bootes) 2415 4982 w
(0) 2870 4982 w
(Feb) 3000 4982 w
(24) 3260 4982 w
(21:14) 3455 4982 w
(eia2ctl) 3845 4982 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 720 5162 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(bind) 943 5162 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(program) 1273 5162 w
(is) 1732 5162 w
(an) 1855 5162 w
(encapsulation) 2015 5162 w
(of) 2731 5162 w
(the) 2872 5162 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(bind) 3070 5162 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(system) 3401 5162 w
(call;) 3784 5162 w
(its) 4023 5162 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(-a) 4183 5162 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(flag) 4370 5162 w
(positions) 4596 5162 w
(the) 720 5282 w
(new) 913 5282 w
(directory) 1146 5282 w
(at) 1615 5282 w
(the) 1745 5282 w
(end) 1938 5282 w
(of) 2157 5282 w
(the) 2292 5282 w
(union.) 2484 5282 w
(The) 2861 5282 w
(data) 3079 5282 w
(files) 3326 5282 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(eia1) 3565 5282 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and) 3890 5282 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(eia2) 4107 5282 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(may) 4432 5282 w
(be) 4669 5282 w
(read) 4825 5282 w
(and) 720 5402 w
(written) 938 5402 w
(to) 1315 5402 w
(communicate) 1451 5402 w
(over) 2139 5402 w
(the) 2387 5402 w
(serial) 2580 5402 w
(line.) 2879 5402 w
(Instead) 3157 5402 w
(of) 3548 5402 w
(using) 3684 5402 w
(special) 3989 5402 w
(operations) 4362 5402 w
(on) 4917 5402 w
(these) 720 5522 w
(files) 1054 5522 w
(to) 1328 5522 w
(control) 1498 5522 w
(the) 1912 5522 w
(devices,) 2139 5522 w
(commands) 2601 5522 w
(written) 3202 5522 w
(to) 3613 5522 w
(the) 3783 5522 w
(files) 4010 5522 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(eia1ctl) 4284 5522 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and) 4860 5522 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(eia2ctl) 720 5642 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(control) 1257 5642 w
(the) 1632 5642 w
(corresponding) 1820 5642 w
(device;) 2556 5642 w
(for) 2928 5642 w
(example,) 3100 5642 w
(writing) 3579 5642 w
(the) 3950 5642 w
(text) 4139 5642 w
(string) 4364 5642 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(b1200) 4680 5642 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(to) 720 5762 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/dev/eia1ctl) 851 5762 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(sets) 1748 5762 w
(the) 1976 5762 w
(speed) 2164 5762 w
(of) 2486 5762 w
(that) 2617 5762 w
(line) 2841 5762 w
(to) 3050 5762 w
(1200) 3181 5762 w
(baud.) 3466 5762 w
(Compare) 3806 5762 w
(this to the UNIX) 4277 5762 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(ioctl) 720 5882 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(system) 1121 5882 w
(call:) 1502 5882 w
(in) 1739 5882 w
(Plan) 1871 5882 w
(9,) 2113 5882 w
(devices) 2249 5882 w
(are) 2649 5882 w
(controlled) 2843 5882 w
(by) 3375 5882 w
(textual) 3532 5882 w
(messages,) 3911 5882 w
(free) 4460 5882 w
(of) 4692 5882 w
(byte) 4832 5882 w
(order) 720 6002 w
(problems,) 1016 6002 w
(with) 1539 6002 w
(clear) 1778 6002 w
(semantics) 2044 6002 w
(for) 2562 6002 w
(reading) 2734 6002 w
(and) 3135 6002 w
(writing.) 3348 6002 w
(It) 3782 6002 w
(is) 3881 6002 w
(common) 3994 6002 w
(to) 4448 6002 w
(configure) 4579 6002 w
(or debug devices using shell scripts.) 720 6122 w
(It) 970 6278 w
(is) 1099 6278 w
(the) 1242 6278 w
(universal) 1460 6278 w
(use) 1960 6278 w
(of) 2192 6278 w
(the) 2353 6278 w
(9P) 2571 6278 w
(protocol) 2752 6278 w
(that) 3219 6278 w
(connects) 3473 6278 w
(Plan) 3968 6278 w
(9) 4233 6278 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4296 6278 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 4328 6278 w
(components) 4443 6278 w
(together) 720 6398 w
(to) 1167 6398 w
(form) 1300 6398 w
(a) 1567 6398 w
(distributed) 1657 6398 w
(system.) 2223 6398 w
(Rather) 2662 6398 w
(than) 3011 6398 w
(inventing) 3262 6398 w
(a) 3748 6398 w
(unique) 3837 6398 w
(protocol) 4205 6398 w
(for) 4643 6398 w
(each) 4816 6398 w
(service) 720 6518 w
(such) 1110 6518 w
(as) 1390 6518 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rlogin) 1550 6518 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 1982 6518 w
(FTP,) 2068 6518 w
(TFTP,) 2327 6518 w
(and) 2649 6518 w
(X) 2884 6518 w
(windows,) 3002 6518 w
(Plan) 3509 6518 w
(9) 3765 6518 w
(implements) 3883 6518 w
(services) 4507 6518 w
(in) 4949 6518 w
(terms) 720 6638 w
(of) 1031 6638 w
(operations) 1162 6638 w
(on) 1711 6638 w
(file) 1867 6638 w
(objects,) 2051 6638 w
(and) 2465 6638 w
(then) 2678 6638 w
(uses) 2928 6638 w
(a single, well-documented protocol to) 3181 6638 w
(exchange) 720 6758 w
(information) 1224 6758 w
(between) 1830 6758 w
(computers.) 2276 6758 w
(Unlike) 2894 6758 w
(NFS,) 3236 6758 w
(9P) 3489 6758 w
(treats) 3646 6758 w
(files) 3962 6758 w
(as) 4204 6758 w
(a) 4350 6758 w
(sequence) 4445 6758 w
(of) 4942 6758 w
(bytes) 720 6878 w
(rather) 1018 6878 w
(than) 1349 6878 w
(blocks.) 1604 6878 w
(Also) 2020 6878 w
(unlike) 2269 6878 w
(NFS,) 2604 6878 w
(9P) 2857 6878 w
(is) 3014 6878 w
(stateful:) 3133 6878 w
(clients) 3568 6878 w
(perform) 3922 6878 w
(remote) 4353 6878 w
(proce\255) 4735 6878 w
(dure) 720 6998 w
(calls) 982 6998 w
(to) 1237 6998 w
(establish) 1375 6998 w
(pointers) 1848 6998 w
(to) 2288 6998 w
(objects) 2426 6998 w
(in) 2815 6998 w
(the) 2946 6998 w
(remote) 3141 6998 w
(file) 3525 6998 w
(server.) 3716 6998 w
(These) 4118 6998 w
(pointers) 4447 6998 w
(are) 4888 6998 w
(called) 720 7118 w
(file) 1042 7118 w
(identifiers) 1232 7118 w
(or) 1761 7118 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(fids) 1902 7118 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 2079 7118 w
(All) 2181 7118 w
(operations) 2346 7118 w
(on) 2900 7118 w
(files) 3061 7118 w
(supply) 3301 7118 w
(a) 3659 7118 w
(fid) 3752 7118 w
(to) 3919 7118 w
(identify) 4055 7118 w
(an) 4458 7118 w
(object) 4613 7118 w
(in) 4949 7118 w
(the remote file system.) 720 7238 w
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14 pagesetup
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 14 \255) 2752 480 w
(The) 970 840 w
(9P) 1185 840 w
(protocol) 1337 840 w
(defines) 1775 840 w
(17) 2163 840 w
(messages,) 2323 840 w
(providing) 2865 840 w
(means) 3362 840 w
(to) 3714 840 w
(authenticate) 3847 840 w
(users,) 4481 840 w
(navi\255) 4809 840 w
(gate) 720 960 w
(fids) 972 960 w
(around) 1194 960 w
(a) 1580 960 w
(file) 1677 960 w
(system) 1869 960 w
(hierarchy,) 2250 960 w
(copy) 2772 960 w
(fids,) 3040 960 w
(perform) 3293 960 w
(I/O,) 3726 960 w
(change) 3959 960 w
(file) 4348 960 w
(attributes,) 4540 960 w
(and) 720 1080 w
(create) 983 1080 w
(and) 1362 1080 w
(delete) 1626 1080 w
(files.) 2007 1080 w
(Its) 2357 1080 w
(complete) 2558 1080 w
(specification) 3088 1080 w
(is) 3783 1080 w
(in) 3947 1080 w
(Section) 4122 1080 w
(5) 4556 1080 w
(of) 4703 1080 w
(the) 4885 1080 w
(Programmer) 720 1200 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1318 1200 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 1350 1200 w
(Manual) 1438 1200 w
([9man].) 1824 1200 w
(Here) 2264 1200 w
(is) 2528 1200 w
(the) 2645 1200 w
(procedure) 2837 1200 w
(to) 3367 1200 w
(gain) 3501 1200 w
(access) 3745 1200 w
(to) 4096 1200 w
(the) 4230 1200 w
(name) 4421 1200 w
(hierar\255) 4723 1200 w
(chy) 720 1320 w
(supplied) 927 1320 w
(by) 1385 1320 w
(a) 1542 1320 w
(server.) 1639 1320 w
(A) 2042 1320 w
(file) 2153 1320 w
(server) 2346 1320 w
(connection) 2685 1320 w
(is) 3259 1320 w
(established) 3381 1320 w
(via) 3975 1320 w
(a) 4153 1320 w
(pipe) 4250 1320 w
(or) 4503 1320 w
(network) 4648 1320 w
(connection.) 720 1440 w
(An) 1361 1440 w
(initial) 1537 1440 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(session) 1852 1440 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(message) 2401 1440 w
(performs) 2870 1440 w
(a) 3357 1440 w
(bilateral) 3456 1440 w
(authentication) 3894 1440 w
(between) 4633 1440 w
(client) 720 1560 w
(and) 1024 1560 w
(server.) 1244 1560 w
(An) 1645 1560 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(attach) 1816 1560 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(message) 2288 1560 w
(then) 2752 1560 w
(connects) 3009 1560 w
(a) 3480 1560 w
(fid) 3575 1560 w
(suggested) 3744 1560 w
(by) 4285 1560 w
(the) 4441 1560 w
(client) 4637 1560 w
(to) 4942 1560 w
(the) 720 1680 w
(root) 915 1680 w
(of) 1155 1680 w
(the) 1292 1680 w
(server) 1486 1680 w
(file) 1822 1680 w
(tree.) 2012 1680 w
(The) 2305 1680 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(attach) 2525 1680 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(message) 2996 1680 w
(includes) 3459 1680 w
(the) 3901 1680 w
(identity) 4095 1680 w
(of) 4499 1680 w
(the) 4636 1680 w
(user) 4830 1680 w
(performing the attach; henceforth all fids derived from the) 720 1800 w
(root) 3603 1800 w
(fid) 3836 1800 w
(will) 3998 1800 w
(have) 4195 1800 w
(permissions) 4453 1800 w
(associated) 720 1920 w
(with) 1267 1920 w
(that) 1510 1920 w
(user.) 1738 1920 w
(Multiple) 2049 1920 w
(users) 2477 1920 w
(may) 2775 1920 w
(share) 3012 1920 w
(the) 3314 1920 w
(connection,) 3506 1920 w
(but) 4107 1920 w
(each) 4306 1920 w
(must) 4567 1920 w
(per\255) 4847 1920 w
(form an attach to establish his or her identity.) 720 2040 w
(The) 970 2196 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(walk) 1186 2196 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(message) 1509 2196 w
(moves) 1969 2196 w
(a) 2318 2196 w
(fid) 2409 2196 w
(through) 2574 2196 w
(a) 2997 2196 w
(single) 3088 2196 w
(level) 3413 2196 w
(of) 3671 2196 w
(the) 3805 2196 w
(file) 3996 2196 w
(system) 4183 2196 w
(hierarchy.) 4559 2196 w
(The) 720 2316 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(clone) 947 2316 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(message) 1353 2316 w
(takes) 1823 2316 w
(an) 2126 2316 w
(established) 2289 2316 w
(fid) 2887 2316 w
(and) 3062 2316 w
(produces) 3288 2316 w
(a) 3782 2316 w
(copy) 3883 2316 w
(that) 4156 2316 w
(points) 4393 2316 w
(to) 4742 2316 w
(the) 4885 2316 w
(same) 720 2436 w
(file) 1009 2436 w
(as) 1194 2436 w
(the) 1334 2436 w
(original.) 1523 2436 w
(Its) 1989 2436 w
(purpose) 2141 2436 w
(is) 2573 2436 w
(to) 2688 2436 w
(enable) 2821 2436 w
(walking) 3177 2436 w
(to) 3584 2436 w
(a) 3717 2436 w
(file) 3807 2436 w
(in) 3993 2436 w
(a) 4119 2436 w
(directory) 4209 2436 w
(without) 4675 2436 w
(losing) 720 2556 w
(the) 1057 2556 w
(fid) 1255 2556 w
(on) 1427 2556 w
(the) 1593 2556 w
(directory.) 1791 2556 w
(The) 2329 2556 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(open) 2553 2556 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(message) 2884 2556 w
(locks) 3351 2556 w
(a) 3644 2556 w
(fid) 3742 2556 w
(to) 3913 2556 w
(a) 4053 2556 w
(specific) 4150 2556 w
(file) 4559 2556 w
(in) 4752 2556 w
(the) 4885 2556 w
(hierarchy,) 720 2676 w
(checks) 1257 2676 w
(access) 1642 2676 w
(permissions,) 2013 2676 w
(and) 2688 2676 w
(prepares) 2924 2676 w
(the) 3406 2676 w
(fid) 3617 2676 w
(for) 3802 2676 w
(I/O.) 3997 2676 w
(The) 4277 2676 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(read) 4515 2676 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and) 4860 2676 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(write) 720 2796 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(messages) 1114 2796 w
(allow) 1623 2796 w
(I/O) 1908 2796 w
(at) 2102 2796 w
(arbitrary) 2228 2796 w
(offsets) 2676 2796 w
(in) 3039 2796 w
(the) 3163 2796 w
(file;) 3351 2796 w
(the) 3567 2796 w
(maximum) 3755 2796 w
(size) 4274 2796 w
(transferred) 4500 2796 w
(is) 720 2916 w
(defined) 837 2916 w
(by) 1240 2916 w
(the) 1392 2916 w
(protocol.) 1584 2916 w
(The) 2089 2916 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(clunk) 2307 2916 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(message) 2704 2916 w
(indicates) 3165 2916 w
(the) 3635 2916 w
(client) 3828 2916 w
(has) 4130 2916 w
(no) 4336 2916 w
(further) 4497 2916 w
(use) 4871 2916 w
(for) 720 3036 w
(a) 892 3036 w
(fid.) 980 3036 w
(The) 1206 3036 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(remove) 1420 3036 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(message) 1885 3036 w
(behaves) 2342 3036 w
(like) 2770 3036 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(clunk) 2975 3036 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(but) 3368 3036 w
(causes) 3563 3036 w
(the) 3922 3036 w
(file) 4110 3036 w
(associated with) 4294 3036 w
(the fid to be removed and any associated resources on the server to be deallocated.) 720 3156 w
(9P) 970 3312 w
(has) 1126 3312 w
(two) 1332 3312 w
(forms:) 1545 3312 w
(RPC) 1898 3312 w
(messages) 2123 3312 w
(sent) 2636 3312 w
(on) 2880 3312 w
(a) 3042 3312 w
(pipe) 3136 3312 w
(or) 3386 3312 w
(network) 3527 3312 w
(connection) 3958 3312 w
(and) 4529 3312 w
(a) 4748 3312 w
(pro\255) 4842 3312 w
(cedural) 720 3432 w
(interface) 1114 3432 w
(within) 1575 3432 w
(the) 1908 3432 w
(kernel.) 2100 3432 w
(Since) 2503 3432 w
(kernel) 2792 3432 w
(device) 3131 3432 w
(drivers) 3474 3432 w
(are) 3843 3432 w
(directly) 4031 3432 w
(addressable,) 4425 3432 w
(there) 720 3552 w
(is) 1009 3552 w
(no) 1126 3552 w
(need) 1286 3552 w
(to) 1560 3552 w
(pass) 1695 3552 w
(messages) 1952 3552 w
(to) 2464 3552 w
(communicate) 2599 3552 w
(with) 3286 3552 w
(them;) 3528 3552 w
(instead) 3846 3552 w
(each) 4237 3552 w
(9P) 4499 3552 w
(transac\255) 4655 3552 w
(tion) 720 3672 w
(is) 942 3672 w
(implemented) 1055 3672 w
(by) 1725 3672 w
(a) 1873 3672 w
(direct) 1961 3672 w
(procedure) 2271 3672 w
(call.) 2798 3672 w
(For) 3059 3672 w
(each) 3248 3672 w
(fid,) 3505 3672 w
(the) 3699 3672 w
(kernel) 3887 3672 w
(maintains) 4222 3672 w
(a local) 4728 3672 w
(representation) 720 3792 w
(in) 1464 3792 w
(a) 1593 3792 w
(data) 1686 3792 w
(structure) 1934 3792 w
(called) 2410 3792 w
(a) 2731 3792 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(channel) 2824 3792 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3203 3792 w
(so) 3273 3792 w
(all) 3423 3792 w
(operations) 3574 3792 w
(on) 4128 3792 w
(files) 4289 3792 w
(performed) 4529 3792 w
(by) 720 3912 w
(the) 879 3912 w
(kernel) 1077 3912 w
(involve) 1422 3912 w
(a) 1806 3912 w
(channel) 1904 3912 w
(connected) 2324 3912 w
(to) 2866 3912 w
(that) 3007 3912 w
(fid.) 3241 3912 w
(The) 3477 3912 w
(simplest) 3701 3912 w
(example) 4153 3912 w
(is) 4609 3912 w
(a) 4732 3912 w
(user) 4830 3912 w
(process) 720 4032 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1094 4032 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 1126 4032 w
(file) 1222 4032 w
(descriptors,) 1418 4032 w
(which) 2039 4032 w
(are) 2365 4032 w
(indexes) 2562 4032 w
(into) 2985 4032 w
(an) 3219 4032 w
(array) 3381 4032 w
(of) 3670 4032 w
(channels.) 3813 4032 w
(A) 4350 4032 w
(table) 4464 4032 w
(in) 4749 4032 w
(the) 4885 4032 w
(kernel) 720 4152 w
(provides) 1056 4152 w
(a) 1506 4152 w
(list) 1595 4152 w
(of) 1775 4152 w
(entry) 1907 4152 w
(points) 2189 4152 w
(corresponding) 2525 4152 w
(one) 3261 4152 w
(to) 3473 4152 w
(one) 3604 4152 w
(with) 3816 4152 w
(the) 4054 4152 w
(9P) 4242 4152 w
(messages) 4393 4152 w
(for) 4901 4152 w
(each) 720 4272 w
(device.) 977 4272 w
(A) 1381 4272 w
(system) 1484 4272 w
(call) 1858 4272 w
(such) 2056 4272 w
(as) 2316 4272 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(read) 2456 4272 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(from) 2778 4272 w
(the) 3044 4272 w
(user) 3233 4272 w
(translates) 3477 4272 w
(into) 3985 4272 w
(one) 4208 4272 w
(or) 4421 4272 w
(more) 4557 4272 w
(pro\255) 4842 4272 w
(cedure) 720 4392 w
(calls) 1099 4392 w
(through) 1364 4392 w
(that) 1801 4392 w
(table,) 2042 4392 w
(indexed) 2364 4392 w
(by) 2804 4392 w
(the) 2969 4392 w
(type) 3174 4392 w
(character) 3431 4392 w
(stored) 3929 4392 w
(in) 4287 4392 w
(the) 4427 4392 w
(channel:) 4631 4392 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(procread) 720 4512 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 1296 4512 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(eiaread) 1376 4512 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 1880 4512 w
(etc.) 1960 4512 w
(Each) 2216 4512 w
(call) 2486 4512 w
(takes) 2698 4512 w
(at) 3003 4512 w
(least) 3143 4512 w
(one) 3419 4512 w
(channel) 3646 4512 w
(as) 4071 4512 w
(an) 4225 4512 w
(argument.) 4390 4512 w
(A) 4971 4512 w
(special) 720 4632 w
(kernel) 1102 4632 w
(driver,) 1451 4632 w
(called) 1812 4632 w
(the) 2142 4632 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(mount) 2344 4632 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(driver,) 2703 4632 w
(translates) 3064 4632 w
(procedure) 3585 4632 w
(calls) 4126 4632 w
(to) 4388 4632 w
(messages,) 4533 4632 w
(that) 720 4752 w
(is,) 959 4752 w
(it) 1119 4752 w
(converts) 1233 4752 w
(local) 1692 4752 w
(procedure) 1965 4752 w
(calls) 2507 4752 w
(to) 2770 4752 w
(remote) 2916 4752 w
(ones.) 3309 4752 w
(In) 3652 4752 w
(effect,) 3792 4752 w
(this) 4147 4752 w
(special) 4375 4752 w
(driver) 4758 4752 w
(becomes) 720 4872 w
(a) 1190 4872 w
(local) 1284 4872 w
(proxy) 1548 4872 w
(for) 1865 4872 w
(the) 2043 4872 w
(files) 2237 4872 w
(served) 2478 4872 w
(by) 2836 4872 w
(a) 2990 4872 w
(remote) 3084 4872 w
(file) 3467 4872 w
(server.) 3657 4872 w
(The) 4057 4872 w
(channel) 4276 4872 w
(pointer) 4691 4872 w
(in the local call is translated to the associated fid in the transmitted message.) 720 4992 w
(The) 970 5148 w
(mount) 1185 5148 w
(driver) 1534 5148 w
(is) 1850 5148 w
(the) 1964 5148 w
(sole) 2153 5148 w
(RPC) 2384 5148 w
(mechanism) 2605 5148 w
(employed) 3191 5148 w
(by) 3698 5148 w
(the) 3847 5148 w
(system.) 4036 5148 w
(The) 4474 5148 w
(seman\255) 4690 5148 w
(tics) 720 5268 w
(of) 923 5268 w
(the) 1056 5268 w
(supplied) 1246 5268 w
(files,) 1697 5268 w
(rather) 1966 5268 w
(than) 2293 5268 w
(the) 2544 5268 w
(operations) 2734 5268 w
(performed) 3285 5268 w
(upon) 3831 5268 w
(them,) 4114 5268 w
(create) 4429 5268 w
(a) 4759 5268 w
(par\255) 4848 5268 w
(ticular) 720 5388 w
(service) 1075 5388 w
(such) 1462 5388 w
(as) 1739 5388 w
(the) 1896 5388 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cpu) 2103 5388 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(command.) 2371 5388 w
(The) 2965 5388 w
(mount) 3198 5388 w
(driver) 3565 5388 w
(demultiplexes) 3899 5388 w
(protocol) 4636 5388 w
(messages) 720 5508 w
(between) 1231 5508 w
(clients) 1674 5508 w
(sharing) 2025 5508 w
(a) 2423 5508 w
(communication) 2514 5508 w
(channel) 3296 5508 w
(with) 3709 5508 w
(a) 3950 5508 w
(file) 4041 5508 w
(server.) 4228 5508 w
(For) 4625 5508 w
(each) 4816 5508 w
(outgoing) 720 5628 w
(RPC) 1202 5628 w
(message,) 1435 5628 w
(the) 1937 5628 w
(mount) 2138 5628 w
(driver) 2499 5628 w
(allocates) 2827 5628 w
(a) 3297 5628 w
(buffer) 3398 5628 w
(labeled) 3740 5628 w
(by) 4138 5628 w
(a) 4300 5628 w
(small) 4402 5628 w
(unique) 4706 5628 w
(integer,) 720 5748 w
(called) 1128 5748 w
(a) 1444 5748 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(tag) 1532 5748 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 1692 5748 w
(The) 1789 5748 w
(reply to the RPC is labeled with the same tag, which is used by) 2003 5748 w
(the mount driver to match the reply with the request.) 720 5868 w
(The) 970 6024 w
(kernel) 1209 6024 w
(representation) 1569 6024 w
(of) 2334 6024 w
(the) 2490 6024 w
(name) 2703 6024 w
(space) 3027 6024 w
(is) 3361 6024 w
(called) 3499 6024 w
(the) 3841 6024 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(mount) 4055 6024 w
(table) 4426 6024 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4668 6024 w
(which) 4759 6024 w
(stores) 720 6144 w
(a) 1050 6144 w
(list of bindings between channels.) 1138 6144 w
(Each entry in the mount table contains a pair) 2862 6144 w
(of) 720 6264 w
(channels:) 857 6264 w
(a) 1356 6264 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(from) 1450 6264 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(channel) 1725 6264 w
(and) 2141 6264 w
(a) 2360 6264 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(to) 2454 6264 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(channel.) 2589 6264 w
(Every) 3070 6264 w
(time) 3365 6264 w
(a) 3620 6264 w
(walk) 3715 6264 w
(succeeds) 3974 6264 w
(in) 4455 6264 w
(moving) 4586 6264 w
(a) 4985 6264 w
(channel) 720 6384 w
(to) 1141 6384 w
(a) 1283 6384 w
(new) 1382 6384 w
(location) 1621 6384 w
(in) 2050 6384 w
(the) 2185 6384 w
(name) 2384 6384 w
(space,) 2694 6384 w
(the) 3046 6384 w
(mount) 3245 6384 w
(table) 3604 6384 w
(is) 3888 6384 w
(consulted) 4012 6384 w
(to) 4528 6384 w
(see) 4670 6384 w
(if) 4876 6384 w
(a) 4985 6384 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 720 6504 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(from) 752 6504 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 984 6504 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(channel) 1058 6504 w
(matches) 1477 6504 w
(the) 1924 6504 w
(new) 2121 6504 w
(name;) 2358 6504 w
(if) 2698 6504 w
(so) 2806 6504 w
(the) 2960 6504 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 3157 6504 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(to) 3189 6504 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 3287 6504 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(channel) 3361 6504 w
(is) 3781 6504 w
(cloned) 3904 6504 w
(and) 4269 6504 w
(substituted) 4492 6504 w
(for) 720 6624 w
(the) 893 6624 w
(original.) 1082 6624 w
(Union) 1548 6624 w
(directories) 1865 6624 w
(are) 2414 6624 w
(implemented) 2600 6624 w
(by) 3271 6624 w
(converting) 3420 6624 w
(the) 3967 6624 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 4156 6624 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(to) 4188 6624 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4286 6624 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(channel) 4352 6624 w
(into) 4763 6624 w
(a) 4985 6624 w
(list) 720 6744 w
(of) 903 6744 w
(channels:) 1038 6744 w
(a) 1535 6744 w
(successful) 1627 6744 w
(walk) 2165 6744 w
(to) 2421 6744 w
(a) 2556 6744 w
(union) 2649 6744 w
(directory) 2963 6744 w
(returns) 3432 6744 w
(a) 3820 6744 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 3913 6744 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(to) 3945 6744 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4043 6744 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(channel) 4113 6744 w
(that) 4528 6744 w
(forms) 4757 6744 w
(the) 720 6864 w
(head) 912 6864 w
(of) 1184 6864 w
(a) 1318 6864 w
(list) 1409 6864 w
(of) 1591 6864 w
(channels,) 1725 6864 w
(each) 2221 6864 w
(representing) 2481 6864 w
(a) 3133 6864 w
(component) 3224 6864 w
(directory) 3806 6864 w
(of) 4273 6864 w
(the) 4407 6864 w
(union.) 4598 6864 w
(If) 4974 6864 w
(a) 720 6984 w
(walk) 812 6984 w
(fails) 1068 6984 w
(to) 1307 6984 w
(find) 1443 6984 w
(a) 1672 6984 w
(file) 1765 6984 w
(in) 1954 6984 w
(the) 2083 6984 w
(first) 2276 6984 w
(directory) 2509 6984 w
(of) 2978 6984 w
(the) 3114 6984 w
(union,) 3307 6984 w
(the) 3653 6984 w
(list) 3846 6984 w
(is) 4030 6984 w
(followed,) 4148 6984 w
(the) 4631 6984 w
(next) 4824 6984 w
(component cloned, and walk tried on that directory.) 720 7104 w
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10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 15 \255) 2752 480 w
(Each file in Plan 9 is uniquely) 970 840 w
(identified) 2418 840 w
(by) 2912 840 w
(a) 3060 840 w
(set) 3148 840 w
(of) 3325 840 w
(integers:) 3456 840 w
(the) 3915 840 w
(type) 4103 840 w
(of) 4344 840 w
(the) 4475 840 w
(channel) 4663 840 w
(\(used) 720 960 w
(as) 1019 960 w
(the) 1159 960 w
(index) 1348 960 w
(of) 1653 960 w
(the) 1785 960 w
(function) 1974 960 w
(call) 2409 960 w
(table\),) 2607 960 w
(the) 2946 960 w
(server) 3135 960 w
(or) 3465 960 w
(device) 3600 960 w
(number) 3940 960 w
(distinguishing) 4350 960 w
(the) 720 1080 w
(server) 908 1080 w
(from) 1238 1080 w
(others) 1503 1080 w
(of) 1844 1080 w
(the) 1975 1080 w
(same) 2163 1080 w
(type) 2452 1080 w
(\(decided) 2694 1080 w
(locally) 3142 1080 w
(by) 3482 1080 w
(the) 3631 1080 w
(driver\),) 3820 1080 w
(and) 4201 1080 w
(a) 4415 1080 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(qid) 4504 1080 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(formed) 4689 1080 w
(from) 720 1200 w
(two) 1001 1200 w
(32-bit) 1225 1200 w
(numbers) 1587 1200 w
(called) 2064 1200 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(path) 2395 1200 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and) 2665 1200 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(version) 2893 1200 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 3245 1200 w
(The) 3357 1200 w
(path) 3586 1200 w
(is) 3851 1200 w
(a) 3979 1200 w
(unique) 4082 1200 w
(file) 4464 1200 w
(number) 4663 1200 w
(assigned) 720 1320 w
(by) 1188 1320 w
(a) 1342 1320 w
(device) 1436 1320 w
(driver) 1782 1320 w
(or) 2103 1320 w
(file) 2244 1320 w
(server) 2434 1320 w
(when) 2770 1320 w
(a) 3066 1320 w
(file) 3160 1320 w
(is) 3350 1320 w
(created.) 3469 1320 w
(The) 3931 1320 w
(version) 4151 1320 w
(number) 4543 1320 w
(is) 4960 1320 w
(updated) 720 1440 w
(whenever) 1160 1440 w
(the) 1663 1440 w
(file) 1859 1440 w
(is) 2051 1440 w
(modified;) 2172 1440 w
(as) 2675 1440 w
(described) 2821 1440 w
(in) 3334 1440 w
(the) 3465 1440 w
(next) 3660 1440 w
(section,) 3916 1440 w
(it) 4335 1440 w
(can) 4441 1440 w
(be) 4649 1440 w
(used) 4808 1440 w
(to maintain cache coherency between clients and servers.) 720 1560 w
(The) 970 1716 w
(type) 1191 1716 w
(and) 1439 1716 w
(device) 1660 1716 w
(number) 2008 1716 w
(are) 2426 1716 w
(analogous) 2619 1716 w
(to) 3158 1716 w
(UNIX) 3297 1716 w
(major) 3573 1716 w
(and) 3894 1716 w
(minor) 4115 1716 w
(device) 4442 1716 w
(num\255) 4790 1716 w
(bers;) 720 1836 w
(the) 998 1836 w
(qid) 1188 1836 w
(is) 1378 1836 w
(analogous) 1493 1836 w
(to) 2026 1836 w
(the) 2159 1836 w
(i-number.) 2349 1836 w
(The) 2912 1836 w
(device) 3128 1836 w
(and) 3470 1836 w
(type) 3685 1836 w
(connect) 3928 1836 w
(the) 4342 1836 w
(channel) 4531 1836 w
(to) 4942 1836 w
(a device driver and the) 720 1956 w
(qid) 1860 1956 w
(identifies) 2048 1956 w
(the) 2530 1956 w
(file) 2718 1956 w
(within) 2902 1956 w
(that) 3231 1956 w
(device.) 3455 1956 w
(If) 3827 1956 w
(the) 3926 1956 w
(file) 4114 1956 w
(recovered) 4298 1956 w
(from) 4808 1956 w
(a) 720 2076 w
(walk) 813 2076 w
(has) 1070 2076 w
(the) 1276 2076 w
(same) 1469 2076 w
(type,) 1762 2076 w
(device,) 2040 2076 w
(and) 2417 2076 w
(qid) 2635 2076 w
(path) 2827 2076 w
(as) 3081 2076 w
(an) 3224 2076 w
(entry) 3378 2076 w
(in) 3663 2076 w
(the) 3791 2076 w
(mount) 3983 2076 w
(table,) 4335 2076 w
(they) 4644 2076 w
(are) 4888 2076 w
(the) 720 2196 w
(same) 910 2196 w
(file) 1200 2196 w
(and) 1387 2196 w
(the) 1603 2196 w
(corresponding) 1794 2196 w
(substitution) 2533 2196 w
(from) 3150 2196 w
(the) 3418 2196 w
(mount) 3609 2196 w
(table) 3960 2196 w
(is) 4236 2196 w
(made.) 4352 2196 w
(This) 4719 2196 w
(is) 4960 2196 w
(how the name space is implemented.) 720 2316 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(File Caching) 720 2556 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 970 2712 w
(9P) 1201 2712 w
(protocol) 1369 2712 w
(has) 1823 2712 w
(no) 2041 2712 w
(explicit) 2214 2712 w
(support) 2619 2712 w
(for) 3047 2712 w
(caching) 3236 2712 w
(files) 3658 2712 w
(on) 3910 2712 w
(a) 4083 2712 w
(client.) 4188 2712 w
(The) 4566 2712 w
(large) 4797 2712 w
(memory) 720 2832 w
(of) 1151 2832 w
(the) 1284 2832 w
(central) 1474 2832 w
(file) 1840 2832 w
(server) 2026 2832 w
(acts) 2358 2832 w
(as) 2587 2832 w
(a) 2728 2832 w
(shared) 2818 2832 w
(cache) 3181 2832 w
(for) 3491 2832 w
(all) 3665 2832 w
(its) 3813 2832 w
(clients,) 3964 2832 w
(which) 4345 2832 w
(reduces) 4660 2832 w
(the) 720 2952 w
(total) 917 2952 w
(amount) 1179 2952 w
(of) 1592 2952 w
(memory) 1733 2952 w
(needed) 2172 2952 w
(across) 2571 2952 w
(all) 2924 2952 w
(machines) 3080 2952 w
(in) 3582 2952 w
(the) 3716 2952 w
(network.) 3914 2952 w
(Nonetheless,) 4413 2952 w
(there) 720 3072 w
(are) 1005 3072 w
(sound) 1190 3072 w
(reasons) 1522 3072 w
(to) 1932 3072 w
(cache) 2063 3072 w
(files on the client, such as a slow connection to the file) 2371 3072 w
(server.) 720 3192 w
(The) 970 3348 w
(version) 1188 3348 w
(field) 1577 3348 w
(of) 1828 3348 w
(the) 1963 3348 w
(qid) 2155 3348 w
(is) 2347 3348 w
(changed) 2464 3348 w
(whenever) 2912 3348 w
(the) 3411 3348 w
(file) 3603 3348 w
(is) 3791 3348 w
(modified,) 3908 3348 w
(which) 4408 3348 w
(makes) 4727 3348 w
(it) 720 3468 w
(possible) 826 3468 w
(to) 1269 3468 w
(do) 1407 3468 w
(some) 1571 3468 w
(weakly) 1872 3468 w
(coherent) 2239 3468 w
(forms) 2705 3468 w
(of) 3027 3468 w
(caching.) 3164 3468 w
(The) 3639 3468 w
(most) 3859 3468 w
(important) 4140 3468 w
(is) 4657 3468 w
(client) 4776 3468 w
(caching) 720 3588 w
(of) 1135 3588 w
(text) 1276 3588 w
(and) 1510 3588 w
(data) 1733 3588 w
(segments) 1986 3588 w
(of) 2497 3588 w
(executable) 2638 3588 w
(files.) 3207 3588 w
(When) 3516 3588 w
(a) 3825 3588 w
(process) 3923 3588 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(execs) 4340 3588 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(a) 4743 3588 w
(pro\255) 4842 3588 w
(gram,) 720 3708 w
(the) 1043 3708 w
(file) 1238 3708 w
(is) 1429 3708 w
(re-opened) 1549 3708 w
(and) 2105 3708 w
(the) 2325 3708 w
(qid) 2520 3708 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 2675 3708 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 2707 3708 w
(version) 2798 3708 w
(is) 3189 3708 w
(compared) 3308 3708 w
(with) 3830 3708 w
(that) 4074 3708 w
(in) 4304 3708 w
(the) 4434 3708 w
(cache;) 4628 3708 w
(if) 4974 3708 w
(they) 720 3828 w
(match,) 962 3828 w
(the) 1327 3828 w
(local) 1517 3828 w
(copy) 1777 3828 w
(is) 2039 3828 w
(used.) 2154 3828 w
(The) 2485 3828 w
(same) 2701 3828 w
(method) 2991 3828 w
(can) 3398 3828 w
(be) 3601 3828 w
(used) 3755 3828 w
(to) 4022 3828 w
(build) 4155 3828 w
(a) 4436 3828 w
(local) 4527 3828 w
(cach\255) 4788 3828 w
(ing) 720 3948 w
(file) 922 3948 w
(server.) 1122 3948 w
(This) 1532 3948 w
(user-level) 1786 3948 w
(server) 2325 3948 w
(interposes) 2671 3948 w
(on) 3227 3948 w
(the) 3398 3948 w
(9P) 3601 3948 w
(connection) 3767 3948 w
(to) 4347 3948 w
(the) 4493 3948 w
(remote) 4696 3948 w
(server) 720 4068 w
(and) 1066 4068 w
(monitors) 1295 4068 w
(the) 1779 4068 w
(traffic,) 1983 4068 w
(copying) 2351 4068 w
(data) 2780 4068 w
(to) 3039 4068 w
(a) 3186 4068 w
(local) 3290 4068 w
(disk.) 3564 4068 w
(When) 3878 4068 w
(it) 4193 4068 w
(sees) 4308 4068 w
(a) 4572 4068 w
(read) 4677 4068 w
(of) 4942 4068 w
(known) 720 4188 w
(data,) 1086 4188 w
(it) 1374 4188 w
(answers) 1486 4188 w
(directly,) 1925 4188 w
(while) 2361 4188 w
(writes) 2660 4188 w
(are) 2997 4188 w
(passed) 3195 4188 w
(on) 3580 4188 w
(immediately) 3748 4188 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\024) 4340 4188 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(the) 4440 4188 w
(cache) 4640 4188 w
(is) 4960 4188 w
(write-through) 720 4308 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\024) 1405 4308 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(to) 1505 4308 w
(keep) 1637 4308 w
(the) 1904 4308 w
(central) 2093 4308 w
(copy) 2458 4308 w
(up) 2719 4308 w
(to) 2878 4308 w
(date.) 3010 4308 w
(This) 3319 4308 w
(is) 3558 4308 w
(transparent) 3673 4308 w
(to) 4268 4308 w
(processes) 4401 4308 w
(on) 4917 4308 w
(the) 720 4428 w
(terminal) 916 4428 w
(and) 1359 4428 w
(requires) 1580 4428 w
(no) 2020 4428 w
(change) 2184 4428 w
(to) 2573 4428 w
(9P;) 2712 4428 w
(it) 2902 4428 w
(works) 3008 4428 w
(well) 3336 4428 w
(on) 3567 4428 w
(home) 3730 4428 w
(machines) 4042 4428 w
(connected) 4541 4428 w
(over) 720 4548 w
(serial) 980 4548 w
(lines.) 1291 4548 w
(A) 1632 4548 w
(similar) 1751 4548 w
(method) 2128 4548 w
(can) 2550 4548 w
(be) 2768 4548 w
(applied) 2937 4548 w
(to) 3345 4548 w
(build) 3493 4548 w
(a) 3790 4548 w
(general) 3896 4548 w
(client) 4308 4548 w
(cache) 4623 4548 w
(in) 4949 4548 w
(unused local memory, but this has not been done in Plan 9.) 720 4668 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(Networks and Communication Devices) 720 4908 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Network) 970 5064 w
(interfaces) 1424 5064 w
(are) 1949 5064 w
(kernel-resident) 2151 5064 w
(file) 2956 5064 w
(systems,) 3157 5064 w
(analogous) 3630 5064 w
(to) 4178 5064 w
(the) 4326 5064 w
(EIA) 4531 5064 w
(device) 4733 5064 w
(described) 720 5184 w
(earlier.) 1237 5184 w
(Call) 1652 5184 w
(setup) 1878 5184 w
(and) 2191 5184 w
(shutdown) 2415 5184 w
(are) 2934 5184 w
(achieved) 3129 5184 w
(by) 3596 5184 w
(writing) 3754 5184 w
(text) 4134 5184 w
(strings) 4368 5184 w
(to) 4744 5184 w
(the) 4885 5184 w
(control) 720 5304 w
(file) 1101 5304 w
(associated) 1292 5304 w
(with) 1841 5304 w
(the) 2086 5304 w
(device;) 2281 5304 w
(information) 2660 5304 w
(is) 3267 5304 w
(sent) 3387 5304 w
(and) 3633 5304 w
(received) 3853 5304 w
(by) 4297 5304 w
(reading) 4452 5304 w
(and) 4860 5304 w
(writing) 720 5424 w
(the) 1098 5424 w
(data) 1294 5424 w
(file.) 1545 5424 w
(The) 1801 5424 w
(structure) 2023 5424 w
(and) 2502 5424 w
(semantics) 2723 5424 w
(of) 3249 5424 w
(the) 3387 5424 w
(devices) 3582 5424 w
(is) 3980 5424 w
(common) 4100 5424 w
(to) 4561 5424 w
(all) 4699 5424 w
(net\255) 4852 5424 w
(works) 720 5544 w
(so,) 1052 5544 w
(other) 1240 5544 w
(than) 1542 5544 w
(a) 1803 5544 w
(file) 1903 5544 w
(name) 2099 5544 w
(substitution,) 2410 5544 w
(the) 3068 5544 w
(same) 3268 5544 w
(procedure) 3568 5544 w
(makes) 4107 5544 w
(a) 4465 5544 w
(call) 4565 5544 w
(using) 4774 5544 w
(TCP over Ethernet as URP over Datakit [Fra80].) 720 5664 w
(This example illustrates the structure of the TCP device:) 970 5820 w
9 /LucidaTypewriter f
(%) 920 5990 w
(ls) 1050 5990 w
(-lp) 1245 5990 w
(/net/tcp) 1505 5990 w
(d-r-xr-xr-x) 920 6100 w
(I) 1700 6100 w
(0) 1830 6100 w
(bootes) 1960 6100 w
(bootes) 2415 6100 w
(0) 2870 6100 w
(Feb) 3000 6100 w
(23) 3260 6100 w
(20:20) 3455 6100 w
(0) 3845 6100 w
(d-r-xr-xr-x) 920 6210 w
(I) 1700 6210 w
(0) 1830 6210 w
(bootes) 1960 6210 w
(bootes) 2415 6210 w
(0) 2870 6210 w
(Feb) 3000 6210 w
(23) 3260 6210 w
(20:20) 3455 6210 w
(1) 3845 6210 w
(--rw-rw-rw-) 920 6320 w
(I) 1700 6320 w
(0) 1830 6320 w
(bootes) 1960 6320 w
(bootes) 2415 6320 w
(0) 2870 6320 w
(Feb) 3000 6320 w
(23) 3260 6320 w
(20:20) 3455 6320 w
(clone) 3845 6320 w
(%) 920 6430 w
(ls) 1050 6430 w
(-lp) 1245 6430 w
(/net/tcp/0) 1505 6430 w
(--rw-rw----) 920 6540 w
(I) 1700 6540 w
(0) 1830 6540 w
(rob) 1960 6540 w
(bootes) 2415 6540 w
(0) 2870 6540 w
(Feb) 3000 6540 w
(23) 3260 6540 w
(20:20) 3455 6540 w
(ctl) 3845 6540 w
(--rw-rw----) 920 6650 w
(I) 1700 6650 w
(0) 1830 6650 w
(rob) 1960 6650 w
(bootes) 2415 6650 w
(0) 2870 6650 w
(Feb) 3000 6650 w
(23) 3260 6650 w
(20:20) 3455 6650 w
(data) 3845 6650 w
(--rw-rw----) 920 6760 w
(I) 1700 6760 w
(0) 1830 6760 w
(rob) 1960 6760 w
(bootes) 2415 6760 w
(0) 2870 6760 w
(Feb) 3000 6760 w
(23) 3260 6760 w
(20:20) 3455 6760 w
(listen) 3845 6760 w
(--r--r--r--) 920 6870 w
(I) 1700 6870 w
(0) 1830 6870 w
(bootes) 1960 6870 w
(bootes) 2415 6870 w
(0) 2870 6870 w
(Feb) 3000 6870 w
(23) 3260 6870 w
(20:20) 3455 6870 w
(local) 3845 6870 w
(--r--r--r--) 920 6980 w
(I) 1700 6980 w
(0) 1830 6980 w
(bootes) 1960 6980 w
(bootes) 2415 6980 w
(0) 2870 6980 w
(Feb) 3000 6980 w
(23) 3260 6980 w
(20:20) 3455 6980 w
(remote) 3845 6980 w
(--r--r--r--) 920 7090 w
(I) 1700 7090 w
(0) 1830 7090 w
(bootes) 1960 7090 w
(bootes) 2415 7090 w
(0) 2870 7090 w
(Feb) 3000 7090 w
(23) 3260 7090 w
(20:20) 3455 7090 w
(status) 3845 7090 w
(%) 920 7200 w
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16 pagesetup
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 16 \255) 2752 480 w
(The) 720 840 w
(top) 941 840 w
(directory,) 1142 840 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/net/tcp) 1645 840 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2221 840 w
(contains) 2293 840 w
(a) 2741 840 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(clone) 2837 840 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(file) 3238 840 w
(and) 3430 840 w
(a) 3651 840 w
(directory) 3747 840 w
(for) 4219 840 w
(each) 4399 840 w
(connec\255) 4664 840 w
(tion,) 720 960 w
(numbered) 976 960 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(0) 1507 960 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(to) 1614 960 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(n) 1747 960 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 1809 960 w
(Each) 1908 960 w
(connection) 2165 960 w
(directory) 2732 960 w
(corresponds) 3198 960 w
(to) 3834 960 w
(an) 3967 960 w
(TCP/IP) 4118 960 w
(connection.) 4476 960 w
(Opening) 720 1080 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(clone) 1164 1080 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(reserves an unused connection and) 1556 1080 w
(returns) 3306 1080 w
(its) 3689 1080 w
(control) 3839 1080 w
(file.) 4214 1080 w
(Reading) 4462 1080 w
(the) 4885 1080 w
(control) 720 1200 w
(file returns the textual connection number, so the user process can construct the) 1095 1200 w
(full) 720 1320 w
(name) 939 1320 w
(of) 1267 1320 w
(the) 1427 1320 w
(newly) 1644 1320 w
(allocated) 1982 1320 w
(connection) 2481 1320 w
(directory.) 3076 1320 w
(The) 3634 1320 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(local) 3878 1320 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4238 1320 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(remote) 4333 1320 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4765 1320 w
(and) 4860 1320 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(status) 720 1440 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(files) 1194 1440 w
(are) 1438 1440 w
(diagnostic;) 1632 1440 w
(for) 2206 1440 w
(example,) 2387 1440 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(remote) 2873 1440 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(contains) 3346 1440 w
(the) 3795 1440 w
(address) 3991 1440 w
(\(for) 4412 1440 w
(TCP,) 4625 1440 w
(the) 4885 1440 w
(IP address and port number\) of the remote side.) 720 1560 w
(A) 970 1716 w
(call) 1076 1716 w
(is) 1277 1716 w
(initiated) 1394 1716 w
(by) 1828 1716 w
(writing) 1980 1716 w
(a) 2354 1716 w
(connect) 2446 1716 w
(message) 2863 1716 w
(with) 3325 1716 w
(a) 3568 1716 w
(network-specific) 3661 1716 w
(address) 4516 1716 w
(as) 4934 1716 w
(its) 720 1836 w
(argument;) 875 1836 w
(for) 1412 1836 w
(example,) 1588 1836 w
(to) 2070 1836 w
(open) 2205 1836 w
(a) 2484 1836 w
(Telnet) 2576 1836 w
(session) 2916 1836 w
(\(port) 3314 1836 w
(23\)) 3586 1836 w
(to) 3782 1836 w
(a) 3917 1836 w
(remote) 4009 1836 w
(machine) 4390 1836 w
(with) 4835 1836 w
(IP address 135.104.9.52, the string is:) 720 1956 w
9 /LucidaTypewriter f
(connect) 920 2126 w
(135.104.9.52!23) 1440 2126 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 720 2306 w
(write) 937 2306 w
(to) 1213 2306 w
(the) 1347 2306 w
(control) 1538 2306 w
(file) 1916 2306 w
(blocks) 2103 2306 w
(until) 2452 2306 w
(the) 2707 2306 w
(connection) 2898 2306 w
(is) 3466 2306 w
(established;) 3582 2306 w
(if) 4203 2306 w
(the) 4306 2306 w
(destination) 4498 2306 w
(is) 720 2426 w
(unreachable,) 859 2426 w
(the) 1541 2426 w
(write) 1754 2426 w
(returns) 2052 2426 w
(an) 2460 2426 w
(error.) 2635 2426 w
(Once) 2997 2426 w
(the) 3302 2426 w
(connection) 3515 2426 w
(is) 4105 2426 w
(established,) 4243 2426 w
(the) 4885 2426 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(telnet) 720 2546 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(application) 1197 2546 w
(reads) 1776 2546 w
(and) 2087 2546 w
(writes) 2312 2546 w
(the) 2648 2546 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(data) 2849 2546 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(file) 3183 2546 w
(to) 3380 2546 w
(talk) 3524 2546 w
(to) 3749 2546 w
(the) 3893 2546 w
(remote) 4094 2546 w
(Telnet) 4484 2546 w
(dae\255) 4833 2546 w
(mon.) 720 2666 w
(On the other end, the Telnet daemon would start by writing) 1032 2666 w
9 /LucidaTypewriter f
(announce) 920 2836 w
(23) 1505 2836 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(to) 720 3016 w
(its) 855 3016 w
(control) 1010 3016 w
(file) 1390 3016 w
(to) 1579 3016 w
(indicate) 1715 3016 w
(its) 2135 3016 w
(willingness) 2290 3016 w
(to) 2865 3016 w
(receive) 3001 3016 w
(calls) 3380 3016 w
(to) 3633 3016 w
(this) 3769 3016 w
(port.) 3986 3016 w
(Such) 4290 3016 w
(a) 4557 3016 w
(daemon) 4650 3016 w
(is called a) 720 3136 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(listener) 1234 3136 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(in Plan 9.) 1627 3136 w
(A) 970 3292 w
(uniform) 1083 3292 w
(structure) 1512 3292 w
(for) 1994 3292 w
(network) 2177 3292 w
(devices) 2613 3292 w
(cannot) 3015 3292 w
(hide) 3387 3292 w
(all) 3641 3292 w
(the) 3799 3292 w
(details) 3999 3292 w
(of) 4364 3292 w
(addressing) 4507 3292 w
(and) 720 3412 w
(communication) 943 3412 w
(for) 1732 3412 w
(dissimilar) 1914 3412 w
(networks.) 2427 3412 w
(For) 2977 3412 w
(example,) 3175 3412 w
(Datakit) 3662 3412 w
(uses) 4050 3412 w
(textual,) 4312 3412 w
(hierar\255) 4723 3412 w
(chical) 720 3532 w
(addresses) 1031 3532 w
(unlike) 1552 3532 w
(IP) 1882 3532 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1966 3532 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 1998 3532 w
(32-bit) 2083 3532 w
(addresses,) 2430 3532 w
(so) 2983 3532 w
(an) 3129 3532 w
(application) 3280 3532 w
(given) 3848 3532 w
(a) 4144 3532 w
(control) 4234 3532 w
(file) 4611 3532 w
(must) 4797 3532 w
(still) 720 3652 w
(know) 947 3652 w
(what) 1257 3652 w
(network) 1540 3652 w
(it) 1984 3652 w
(represents.) 2102 3652 w
(Rather) 2732 3652 w
(than) 3098 3652 w
(make) 3366 3652 w
(every) 3680 3652 w
(application) 3989 3652 w
(know) 4575 3652 w
(the) 4885 3652 w
(addressing) 720 3772 w
(of) 1300 3772 w
(every) 1445 3772 w
(network,) 1749 3772 w
(Plan) 2220 3772 w
(9) 2468 3772 w
(hides) 2578 3772 w
(these) 2886 3772 w
(details) 3195 3772 w
(in) 3562 3772 w
(a) 3701 3772 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(connection) 3804 3772 w
(server) 4372 3772 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4677 3772 w
(called) 4757 3772 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cs) 720 3892 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 864 3892 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(Cs) 965 3892 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(is) 1146 3892 w
(a) 1263 3892 w
(file) 1355 3892 w
(system) 1543 3892 w
(mounted) 1920 3892 w
(in) 2391 3892 w
(a) 2519 3892 w
(known) 2611 3892 w
(place.) 2968 3892 w
(It) 3323 3892 w
(supplies) 3426 3892 w
(a) 3867 3892 w
(single) 3959 3892 w
(control) 4284 3892 w
(file) 4662 3892 w
(that) 4849 3892 w
(an) 720 4012 w
(application) 885 4012 w
(uses) 1467 4012 w
(to) 1735 4012 w
(discover) 1881 4012 w
(how) 2333 4012 w
(to) 2581 4012 w
(connect) 2728 4012 w
(to) 3157 4012 w
(a) 3304 4012 w
(host.) 3408 4012 w
(The) 3732 4012 w
(application) 3962 4012 w
(writes) 4545 4012 w
(the) 4885 4012 w
(symbolic) 720 4132 w
(address) 1201 4132 w
(and) 1633 4132 w
(service) 1865 4132 w
(name) 2253 4132 w
(for) 2571 4132 w
(the) 2762 4132 w
(connection) 2969 4132 w
(it) 3553 4132 w
(wishes) 3671 4132 w
(to) 4049 4132 w
(make,) 4198 4132 w
(and) 4543 4132 w
(reads) 4774 4132 w
(back) 720 4252 w
(the) 985 4252 w
(name) 1178 4252 w
(of) 1482 4252 w
(the) 1618 4252 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(clone) 1811 4252 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(file) 2209 4252 w
(to) 2398 4252 w
(open) 2534 4252 w
(and) 2814 4252 w
(the) 3032 4252 w
(address) 3225 4252 w
(to) 3644 4252 w
(present) 3781 4252 w
(to) 4186 4252 w
(it.) 4323 4252 w
(If) 4492 4252 w
(there) 4597 4252 w
(are) 4888 4252 w
(multiple) 720 4372 w
(networks) 1163 4372 w
(between) 1651 4372 w
(the) 2103 4372 w
(machines,) 2303 4372 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cs) 2839 4372 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(presents) 3028 4372 w
(a) 3490 4372 w
(list) 3590 4372 w
(of) 3781 4372 w
(possible) 3924 4372 w
(networks) 4372 4372 w
(and) 4860 4372 w
(addresses) 720 4492 w
(to) 1240 4492 w
(be) 1371 4492 w
(tried) 1523 4492 w
(in) 1782 4492 w
(sequence;) 1906 4492 w
(it) 2428 4492 w
(uses) 2527 4492 w
(heuristics) 2780 4492 w
(to) 3282 4492 w
(decide) 3414 4492 w
(the) 3766 4492 w
(order.) 3955 4492 w
(For) 4315 4492 w
(instance,) 4505 4492 w
(it) 4974 4492 w
(presents the highest-bandwidth choice first.) 720 4612 w
(A) 970 4768 w
(single) 1080 4768 w
(library) 1411 4768 w
(function) 1763 4768 w
(called) 2206 4768 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(dial) 2531 4768 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(talks) 2861 4768 w
(to) 3133 4768 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cs) 3273 4768 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(to) 3459 4768 w
(establish) 3599 4768 w
(the) 4074 4768 w
(connection.) 4271 4768 w
(An) 4909 4768 w
(application) 720 4888 w
(that) 1293 4888 w
(uses) 1523 4888 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(dial) 1781 4888 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(needs) 2107 4888 w
(no) 2433 4888 w
(changes,) 2594 4888 w
(not) 3063 4888 w
(even) 3261 4888 w
(recompilation,) 3525 4888 w
(to) 4262 4888 w
(adapt) 4398 4888 w
(to) 4709 4888 w
(new) 4845 4888 w
(networks; the interface to) 720 5008 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cs) 2000 5008 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(hides the details.) 2176 5008 w
(The) 970 5164 w
(uniform) 1185 5164 w
(structure) 1604 5164 w
(for) 2076 5164 w
(networks) 2249 5164 w
(in) 2726 5164 w
(Plan) 2851 5164 w
(9) 3086 5164 w
(makes) 3183 5164 w
(the) 3531 5164 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(import) 3721 5164 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(command) 4188 5164 w
(all) 4701 5164 w
(that) 4849 5164 w
(is needed to construct gateways.) 720 5284 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(Kernel structure for networks) 720 5524 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 970 5680 w
(kernel) 1214 5680 w
(plumbing) 1579 5680 w
(used) 2105 5680 w
(to) 2400 5680 w
(build) 2561 5680 w
(Plan) 2870 5680 w
(9) 3134 5680 w
(communications) 3260 5680 w
(channels) 4121 5680 w
(is) 4613 5680 w
(called) 4757 5680 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(streams) 720 5800 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
([Rit84][Presotto].) 1155 5800 w
(A) 2049 5800 w
(stream) 2162 5800 w
(is) 2539 5800 w
(a) 2663 5800 w
(bidirectional) 2761 5800 w
(channel) 3409 5800 w
(connecting) 3829 5800 w
(a) 4405 5800 w
(physical) 4503 5800 w
(or) 4938 5800 w
(pseudo-device to a user process.) 720 5920 w
(The user process inserts) 2402 5920 w
(and) 3623 5920 w
(removes) 3836 5920 w
(data) 4279 5920 w
(at) 4522 5920 w
(one) 4647 5920 w
(end) 4859 5920 w
(of) 720 6040 w
(the) 851 6040 w
(stream;) 1039 6040 w
(a) 1437 6040 w
(kernel) 1525 6040 w
(process) 1860 6040 w
(acting) 2267 6040 w
(on) 2596 6040 w
(behalf of a device operates at the other end.) 2752 6040 w
(A) 4971 6040 w
(stream) 720 6160 w
(comprises) 1122 6160 w
(a) 1688 6160 w
(linear) 1813 6160 w
(list) 2155 6160 w
(of) 2371 6160 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(processing) 2539 6160 w
(modules) 3128 6160 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 3532 6160 w
(Each) 3666 6160 w
(module) 3958 6160 w
(has) 4392 6160 w
(both) 4630 6160 w
(an) 4923 6160 w
(upstream) 720 6280 w
(\(toward) 1214 6280 w
(the) 1616 6280 w
(process\)) 1806 6280 w
(and) 2248 6280 w
(downstream) 2463 6280 w
(\(toward) 3094 6280 w
(the) 3496 6280 w
(device\)) 3686 6280 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(put) 4061 6280 w
(routine) 4257 6280 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 4606 6280 w
(Calling) 4705 6280 w
(the) 720 6400 w
(put) 913 6400 w
(routine) 1113 6400 w
(of) 1499 6400 w
(the) 1636 6400 w
(module) 1830 6400 w
(on) 2233 6400 w
(either) 2395 6400 w
(end) 2715 6400 w
(of) 2935 6400 w
(the) 3072 6400 w
(stream) 3266 6400 w
(inserts) 3638 6400 w
(data) 4004 6400 w
(into) 4253 6400 w
(the) 4481 6400 w
(stream.) 4675 6400 w
(Each) 720 6520 w
(module) 984 6520 w
(calls) 1390 6520 w
(the) 1647 6520 w
(succeeding) 1844 6520 w
(one) 2429 6520 w
(to) 2650 6520 w
(send) 2790 6520 w
(data) 3064 6520 w
(up) 3316 6520 w
(or) 3483 6520 w
(down) 3627 6520 w
(the) 3932 6520 w
(stream.) 4129 6520 w
(Like) 4568 6520 w
(UNIX) 4805 6520 w
(streams [Rit84], Plan 9 streams can be dynamically configured.) 720 6640 w
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10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 17 \255) 2752 480 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(The IL Protocol) 720 840 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 970 996 w
(9P) 1193 996 w
(protocol) 1353 996 w
(must) 1800 996 w
(run) 2086 996 w
(above) 2294 996 w
(a) 2624 996 w
(reliable) 2722 996 w
(transport) 3123 996 w
(protocol) 3614 996 w
(with) 4061 996 w
(delimited) 4309 996 w
(mes\255) 4807 996 w
(sages.) 720 1116 w
(9P) 1121 1116 w
(has) 1301 1116 w
(no) 1531 1116 w
(mechanism) 1716 1116 w
(to) 2330 1116 w
(recover) 2490 1116 w
(from) 2910 1116 w
(transmission) 3204 1116 w
(errors) 3888 1116 w
(and) 4241 1116 w
(the) 4483 1116 w
(system) 4700 1116 w
(assumes) 720 1236 w
(that) 1175 1236 w
(each) 1403 1236 w
(read) 1664 1236 w
(from) 1916 1236 w
(a) 2185 1236 w
(communication) 2277 1236 w
(channel) 3060 1236 w
(will) 3474 1236 w
(return) 3675 1236 w
(a) 4011 1236 w
(single) 4103 1236 w
(9P) 4429 1236 w
(message;) 4584 1236 w
(it) 720 1356 w
(does) 821 1356 w
(not) 1087 1356 w
(parse) 1282 1356 w
(the) 1583 1356 w
(data) 1773 1356 w
(stream) 2018 1356 w
(to) 2386 1356 w
(discover) 2518 1356 w
(message) 2956 1356 w
(boundaries.) 3414 1356 w
(Pipes) 4055 1356 w
(and) 4343 1356 w
(some) 4557 1356 w
(net\255) 4852 1356 w
(work) 720 1476 w
(protocols) 993 1476 w
(already) 1484 1476 w
(have) 1871 1476 w
(these) 2132 1476 w
(properties) 2430 1476 w
(but) 2964 1476 w
(the) 3162 1476 w
(standard) 3354 1476 w
(IP) 3818 1476 w
(protocols) 3939 1476 w
(do) 4431 1476 w
(not.) 4592 1476 w
(TCP) 4853 1476 w
(does) 720 1596 w
(not) 985 1596 w
(delimit) 1179 1596 w
(messages,) 1549 1596 w
(while) 2090 1596 w
(UDP) 2377 1596 w
([RFC768]) 2610 1596 w
(does) 3085 1596 w
(not) 3350 1596 w
(provide) 3544 1596 w
(reliable) 3943 1596 w
(in-order) 4334 1596 w
(deliv\255) 4778 1596 w
(ery.) 720 1716 w
(We) 970 1872 w
(designed) 1146 1872 w
(a) 1622 1872 w
(new) 1711 1872 w
(protocol,) 1940 1872 w
(called) 2410 1872 w
(IL) 2727 1872 w
(\(Internet) 2844 1872 w
(Link\),) 3292 1872 w
(to) 3594 1872 w
(transmit) 3727 1872 w
(9P) 4167 1872 w
(messages) 4320 1872 w
(over) 4830 1872 w
(IP.) 720 1992 w
(It) 912 1992 w
(is) 1022 1992 w
(a) 1146 1992 w
(connection-based) 1245 1992 w
(protocol) 2167 1992 w
(that) 2615 1992 w
(provides) 2850 1992 w
(reliable) 3310 1992 w
(transmission) 3712 1992 w
(of) 4378 1992 w
(sequenced) 4520 1992 w
(messages) 720 2112 w
(between) 1244 2112 w
(machines.) 1700 2112 w
(Since) 2272 2112 w
(a) 2573 2112 w
(process) 2677 2112 w
(can) 3100 2112 w
(have) 3318 2112 w
(only) 3593 2112 w
(a) 3847 2112 w
(single) 3952 2112 w
(outstanding) 4291 2112 w
(9P) 4922 2112 w
(request,) 720 2232 w
(there) 1163 2232 w
(is) 1460 2232 w
(no) 1585 2232 w
(need) 1753 2232 w
(for) 2035 2232 w
(flow) 2218 2232 w
(control) 2466 2232 w
(in) 2852 2232 w
(IL.) 2987 2232 w
(Like) 3177 2232 w
(TCP,) 3417 2232 w
(IL) 3680 2232 w
(has) 3806 2232 w
(adaptive) 4018 2232 w
(timeouts:) 4472 2232 w
(it) 4974 2232 w
(scales) 720 2352 w
(acknowledge) 1052 2352 w
(and) 1721 2352 w
(retransmission) 1940 2352 w
(times) 2698 2352 w
(to) 3003 2352 w
(match) 3140 2352 w
(the) 3477 2352 w
(network) 3671 2352 w
(speed.) 4102 2352 w
(This) 4494 2352 w
(allows) 4738 2352 w
(the) 720 2472 w
(protocol) 915 2472 w
(to) 1359 2472 w
(perform) 1497 2472 w
(well) 1929 2472 w
(on) 2160 2472 w
(both) 2323 2472 w
(the) 2586 2472 w
(Internet) 2781 2472 w
(and) 3201 2472 w
(on) 3421 2472 w
(local) 3584 2472 w
(Ethernets.) 3848 2472 w
(Also,) 4407 2472 w
(IL) 4688 2472 w
(does) 4809 2472 w
(no) 720 2592 w
(blind) 902 2592 w
(retransmission,) 1207 2592 w
(to) 2017 2592 w
(avoid) 2174 2592 w
(adding) 2494 2592 w
(to) 2888 2592 w
(the) 3046 2592 w
(congestion) 3261 2592 w
(of) 3853 2592 w
(busy) 4011 2592 w
(networks.) 4299 2592 w
(Full) 4866 2592 w
(details are in another paper [PrWi95].) 720 2712 w
(In) 970 2868 w
(Plan) 1102 2868 w
(9,) 1344 2868 w
(the) 1480 2868 w
(implementation) 1676 2868 w
(of) 2479 2868 w
(IL) 2618 2868 w
(is) 2741 2868 w
(smaller) 2862 2868 w
(and) 3257 2868 w
(faster) 3479 2868 w
(than) 3798 2868 w
(TCP.) 4056 2868 w
(IL) 4349 2868 w
(is) 4473 2868 w
(our) 4595 2868 w
(main) 4801 2868 w
(Internet transport protocol.) 720 2988 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(Overview of authentication) 720 3228 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Authentication) 970 3384 w
(establishes) 1728 3384 w
(the) 2317 3384 w
(identity) 2521 3384 w
(of) 2935 3384 w
(a) 3082 3384 w
(user) 3186 3384 w
(accessing) 3445 3384 w
(a) 3962 3384 w
(resource.) 4066 3384 w
(The) 4599 3384 w
(user) 4830 3384 w
(requesting) 720 3504 w
(the) 1276 3504 w
(resource) 1468 3504 w
(is) 1923 3504 w
(called) 2039 3504 w
(the) 2358 3504 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(client) 2549 3504 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and) 2846 3504 w
(the) 3062 3504 w
(user) 3253 3504 w
(granting) 3499 3504 w
(access) 3945 3504 w
(to) 4296 3504 w
(the) 4430 3504 w
(resource) 4621 3504 w
(is) 720 3624 w
(called) 836 3624 w
(the) 1155 3624 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(server) 1346 3624 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 1651 3624 w
(This) 1751 3624 w
(is) 1992 3624 w
(usually) 2108 3624 w
(done) 2484 3624 w
(under) 2762 3624 w
(the) 3083 3624 w
(auspices) 3275 3624 w
(of) 3730 3624 w
(a) 3865 3624 w
(9P) 3957 3624 w
(attach) 4112 3624 w
(message.) 4446 3624 w
(A) 4971 3624 w
(user) 720 3744 w
(may) 975 3744 w
(be) 1220 3744 w
(a) 1384 3744 w
(client) 1484 3744 w
(in) 1793 3744 w
(one) 1929 3744 w
(authentication) 2153 3744 w
(exchange) 2893 3744 w
(and) 3403 3744 w
(a) 3628 3744 w
(server) 3728 3744 w
(in) 4070 3744 w
(another.) 4206 3744 w
(Servers) 4689 3744 w
(always) 720 3864 w
(act) 1077 3864 w
(on) 1258 3864 w
(behalf) 1419 3864 w
(of) 1759 3864 w
(some) 1895 3864 w
(user,) 2194 3864 w
(either) 2474 3864 w
(a) 2793 3864 w
(normal) 2886 3864 w
(client) 3265 3864 w
(or) 3567 3864 w
(some) 3707 3864 w
(administrative) 4007 3864 w
(entity,) 4735 3864 w
(so authentication is defined to be between users, not machines.) 720 3984 w
(Each) 970 4140 w
(Plan) 1225 4140 w
(9) 1459 4140 w
(user) 1555 4140 w
(has) 1798 4140 w
(an) 1999 4140 w
(associated) 2149 4140 w
(DES) 2691 4140 w
([NBS77]) 2908 4140 w
(authentication) 3320 4140 w
(key;) 4049 4140 w
(the) 4281 4140 w
(user) 4470 4140 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4680 4140 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 4712 4140 w
(iden\255) 4797 4140 w
(tity) 720 4260 w
(is) 915 4260 w
(verified) 1035 4260 w
(by) 1438 4260 w
(the) 1593 4260 w
(ability) 1788 4260 w
(to) 2122 4260 w
(encrypt) 2260 4260 w
(and) 2662 4260 w
(decrypt) 2882 4260 w
(special) 3285 4260 w
(messages) 3659 4260 w
(called) 4173 4260 w
(challenges.) 4495 4260 w
(Since) 720 4380 w
(knowledge) 1005 4380 w
(of) 1562 4380 w
(a) 1693 4380 w
(user) 1781 4380 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1991 4380 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 2023 4380 w
(key) 2107 4380 w
(gives) 2306 4380 w
(access) 2589 4380 w
(to) 2937 4380 w
(that) 3068 4380 w
(user) 3292 4380 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 3502 4380 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 3534 4380 w
(resources,) 3618 4380 w
(the) 4153 4380 w
(Plan) 4341 4380 w
(9) 4576 4380 w
(authen\255) 4673 4380 w
(tication protocols never transmit a message containing a cleartext key.) 720 4500 w
(Authentication) 970 4656 w
(is) 1718 4656 w
(bilateral:) 1838 4656 w
(at) 2304 4656 w
(the) 2436 4656 w
(end) 2631 4656 w
(of) 2852 4656 w
(the) 2990 4656 w
(authentication) 3185 4656 w
(exchange,) 3920 4656 w
(each) 4457 4656 w
(side) 4721 4656 w
(is) 4960 4656 w
(convinced) 720 4776 w
(of) 1244 4776 w
(the) 1378 4776 w
(other) 1569 4776 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1826 4776 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 1858 4776 w
(identity.) 1945 4776 w
(Every) 2410 4776 w
(machine) 2701 4776 w
(begins) 3145 4776 w
(the) 3504 4776 w
(exchange) 3695 4776 w
(with) 4196 4776 w
(a) 4437 4776 w
(DES) 4528 4776 w
(key) 4747 4776 w
(in) 4949 4776 w
(memory.) 720 4896 w
(In) 1216 4896 w
(the) 1343 4896 w
(case) 1535 4896 w
(of) 1785 4896 w
(CPU) 1920 4896 w
(and) 2150 4896 w
(file) 2367 4896 w
(servers,) 2555 4896 w
(the) 2972 4896 w
(key,) 3164 4896 w
(user) 3399 4896 w
(name,) 3646 4896 w
(and) 3981 4896 w
(domain) 4198 4896 w
(name) 4598 4896 w
(for) 4901 4896 w
(the) 720 5016 w
(server) 920 5016 w
(are) 1262 5016 w
(read) 1459 5016 w
(from) 1719 5016 w
(permanent) 1996 5016 w
(storage,) 2566 5016 w
(usually) 3006 5016 w
(non-volatile) 3390 5016 w
(RAM.) 4025 5016 w
(In) 4351 5016 w
(the) 4486 5016 w
(case) 4685 5016 w
(of) 4942 5016 w
(terminals,) 720 5136 w
(the) 1241 5136 w
(key) 1432 5136 w
(is) 1634 5136 w
(derived) 1750 5136 w
(from) 2146 5136 w
(a) 2414 5136 w
(password) 2505 5136 w
(typed) 3003 5136 w
(by) 3310 5136 w
(the) 3461 5136 w
(user) 3652 5136 w
(at) 3898 5136 w
(boot) 4026 5136 w
(time.) 4284 5136 w
(A) 4600 5136 w
(special) 4706 5136 w
(machine,) 720 5256 w
(known) 1197 5256 w
(as) 1553 5256 w
(the) 1695 5256 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(authentication) 1886 5256 w
(server) 2624 5256 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2929 5256 w
(maintains) 2997 5256 w
(a) 3506 5256 w
(database) 3597 5256 w
(of) 4068 5256 w
(keys) 4202 5256 w
(for) 4455 5256 w
(all) 4630 5256 w
(users) 4779 5256 w
(in its administrative domain and participates in the authentication protocols.) 720 5376 w
(The) 970 5532 w
(authentication) 1197 5532 w
(protocol) 1938 5532 w
(is) 2388 5532 w
(as) 2515 5532 w
(follows:) 2668 5532 w
(after) 3092 5532 w
(exchanging) 3365 5532 w
(challenges,) 3974 5532 w
(one) 4566 5532 w
(party) 4792 5532 w
(contacts) 720 5652 w
(the) 1166 5652 w
(authentication) 1362 5652 w
(server) 2098 5652 w
(to) 2436 5652 w
(create) 2575 5652 w
(permission-granting) 2912 5652 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(tickets) 3957 5652 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(encrypted) 4313 5652 w
(with) 4835 5652 w
(each) 720 5772 w
(party) 983 5772 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1231 5772 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 1263 5772 w
(secret) 1353 5772 w
(key) 1685 5772 w
(and) 1891 5772 w
(containing) 2111 5772 w
(a) 2661 5772 w
(new) 2756 5772 w
(conversation) 2991 5772 w
(key.) 3649 5772 w
(Each) 3919 5772 w
(party) 4181 5772 w
(decrypts) 4469 5772 w
(its) 4923 5772 w
(own ticket and uses the conversation key to encrypt the other party) 720 5892 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 3999 5892 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s challenge.) 4031 5892 w
(This) 970 6048 w
(structure) 1215 6048 w
(is) 1693 6048 w
(somewhat) 1813 6048 w
(like) 2345 6048 w
(Kerberos) 2557 6048 w
([MBSS87],) 3031 6048 w
(but) 3547 6048 w
(avoids) 3749 6048 w
(its) 4100 6048 w
(reliance) 4258 6048 w
(on) 4678 6048 w
(syn\255) 4842 6048 w
(chronized) 720 6168 w
(clocks.) 1250 6168 w
(Also) 1663 6168 w
(unlike) 1921 6168 w
(Kerberos,) 2265 6168 w
(Plan) 2778 6168 w
(9) 3026 6168 w
(authentication) 3136 6168 w
(supports) 3878 6168 w
(a) 4354 6168 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 4456 6168 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(speaks) 4488 6168 w
(for) 4869 6168 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 5008 6168 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(relation) 720 6288 w
([LABW91]) 1130 6288 w
(that) 1628 6288 w
(enables) 1859 6288 w
(one) 2271 6288 w
(user) 2490 6288 w
(to) 2740 6288 w
(have) 2878 6288 w
(the) 3144 6288 w
(authority) 3340 6288 w
(of) 3817 6288 w
(another;) 3956 6288 w
(this) 4403 6288 w
(is) 4623 6288 w
(how) 4744 6288 w
(a) 4985 6288 w
(CPU server runs processes on behalf of its clients.) 720 6408 w
(Plan) 970 6564 w
(9) 1215 6564 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1278 6564 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 1310 6564 w
(authentication) 1405 6564 w
(structure) 2144 6564 w
(builds) 2626 6564 w
(secure) 2967 6564 w
(services) 3328 6564 w
(rather) 3759 6564 w
(than) 4095 6564 w
(depending) 4356 6564 w
(on) 4917 6564 w
(firewalls.) 720 6684 w
(Whereas) 1230 6684 w
(firewalls) 1679 6684 w
(require) 2125 6684 w
(special) 2515 6684 w
(code) 2891 6684 w
(for) 3164 6684 w
(every) 3345 6684 w
(service) 3644 6684 w
(penetrating) 4021 6684 w
(the) 4622 6684 w
(wall,) 4818 6684 w
(the) 720 6804 w
(Plan) 909 6804 w
(9) 1144 6804 w
(approach) 1241 6804 w
(permits) 1726 6804 w
(authentication) 2131 6804 w
(to) 2861 6804 w
(be) 2994 6804 w
(done) 3148 6804 w
(in) 3425 6804 w
(a) 3551 6804 w
(single) 3641 6804 w
(place) 3965 6804 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\024) 4219 6804 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(9P) 4319 6804 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\024) 4437 6804 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(for) 4537 6804 w
(all) 4711 6804 w
(ser\255) 4859 6804 w
(vices.) 720 6924 w
(For example, the) 1055 6924 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cpu) 1907 6924 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(command works securely across the Internet.) 2155 6924 w
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10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 18 \255) 2752 480 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(Authenticating external connections) 720 840 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 970 996 w
(regular) 1196 996 w
(Plan) 1587 996 w
(9) 1833 996 w
(authentication) 1941 996 w
(protocol) 2681 996 w
(is) 3130 996 w
(not) 3255 996 w
(suitable) 3460 996 w
(for) 3887 996 w
(text-based) 4071 996 w
(services) 4653 996 w
(such) 720 1116 w
(as) 983 1116 w
(Telnet) 1126 1116 w
(or) 1466 1116 w
(FTP.) 1605 1116 w
(In) 1877 1116 w
(such) 2004 1116 w
(cases,) 2266 1116 w
(Plan) 2598 1116 w
(9) 2835 1116 w
(users) 2934 1116 w
(authenticate) 3231 1116 w
(with) 3866 1116 w
(hand-held) 4107 1116 w
(DES) 4653 1116 w
(cal\255) 4872 1116 w
(culators) 720 1236 w
(called) 1143 1236 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(authenticators) 1462 1236 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 2170 1236 w
(The) 2270 1236 w
(authenticator) 2487 1236 w
(holds) 3168 1236 w
(a) 3470 1236 w
(key) 3562 1236 w
(for) 3765 1236 w
(the) 3941 1236 w
(user,) 4133 1236 w
(distinct) 4412 1236 w
(from) 4808 1236 w
(the) 720 1356 w
(user) 910 1356 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1120 1356 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 1152 1356 w
(normal) 1238 1356 w
(authentication) 1614 1356 w
(key.) 2344 1356 w
(The) 2609 1356 w
(user) 2825 1356 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 3070 1356 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(logs) 3102 1356 w
(on) 3340 1356 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 3463 1356 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(to) 3530 1356 w
(the) 3662 1356 w
(authenticator) 3851 1356 w
(using) 4530 1356 w
(a) 4830 1356 w
(4-) 4919 1356 w
(digit) 720 1476 w
(PIN.) 987 1476 w
(A) 1256 1476 w
(correct) 1373 1476 w
(PIN) 1759 1476 w
(enables) 1965 1476 w
(the) 2385 1476 w
(authenticator) 2588 1476 w
(for) 3281 1476 w
(a) 3468 1476 w
(challenge/response) 3571 1476 w
(exchange) 4575 1476 w
(with) 720 1596 w
(the) 976 1596 w
(server.) 1182 1596 w
(Since) 1594 1596 w
(a) 1897 1596 w
(correct) 2003 1596 w
(challenge/response) 2392 1596 w
(exchange) 3399 1596 w
(is) 3915 1596 w
(valid) 4046 1596 w
(only) 4325 1596 w
(once) 4580 1596 w
(and) 4860 1596 w
(keys are never sent over) 720 1716 w
(the) 1933 1716 w
(network,) 2121 1716 w
(this) 2578 1716 w
(procedure) 2790 1716 w
(is) 3317 1716 w
(not) 3430 1716 w
(susceptible) 3623 1716 w
(to) 4204 1716 w
(replay) 4335 1716 w
(attacks,) 4664 1716 w
(yet is compatible with protocols like Telnet and FTP.) 720 1836 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(Special users) 720 2076 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Plan) 970 2232 w
(9) 1206 2232 w
(has) 1304 2232 w
(no) 1507 2232 w
(super-user.) 1666 2232 w
(Each) 2307 2232 w
(server) 2565 2232 w
(is) 2898 2232 w
(responsible) 3014 2232 w
(for) 3612 2232 w
(maintaining) 3787 2232 w
(its) 4398 2232 w
(own) 4551 2232 w
(secu\255) 4787 2232 w
(rity,) 720 2352 w
(usually) 948 2352 w
(permitting) 1325 2352 w
(access) 1871 2352 w
(only) 2223 2352 w
(from) 2464 2352 w
(the) 2733 2352 w
(console,) 2925 2352 w
(which) 3365 2352 w
(is) 3683 2352 w
(protected) 3800 2352 w
(by) 4302 2352 w
(a) 4454 2352 w
(password.) 4546 2352 w
(For example, file servers have a unique administrative user called) 720 2472 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(adm) 3936 2472 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4152 2472 w
(with) 4217 2472 w
(special) 4455 2472 w
(priv\255) 4822 2472 w
(ileges) 720 2592 w
(that) 1041 2592 w
(apply) 1270 2592 w
(only) 1570 2592 w
(to) 1812 2592 w
(commands) 1948 2592 w
(typed) 2515 2592 w
(at) 2824 2592 w
(the) 2954 2592 w
(server) 3147 2592 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 3444 2592 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 3476 2592 w
(physical) 3565 2592 w
(console.) 3995 2592 w
(These) 4468 2592 w
(privi\255) 4793 2592 w
(leges) 720 2712 w
(concern) 1010 2712 w
(the) 1430 2712 w
(day-to-day) 1621 2712 w
(maintenance) 2211 2712 w
(of) 2865 2712 w
(the) 2999 2712 w
(server,) 3190 2712 w
(such) 3555 2712 w
(as) 3817 2712 w
(adding) 3959 2712 w
(new) 4330 2712 w
(users) 4562 2712 w
(and) 4860 2712 w
(configuring) 720 2832 w
(disks) 1331 2832 w
(and) 1636 2832 w
(networks.) 1869 2832 w
(The) 2428 2832 w
(privileges) 2661 2832 w
(do) 3181 2832 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(not) 3357 2832 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(include) 3566 2832 w
(the) 3970 2832 w
(ability) 4177 2832 w
(to) 4523 2832 w
(modify,) 4673 2832 w
(examine,) 720 2952 w
(or) 1207 2952 w
(change) 1352 2952 w
(the) 1743 2952 w
(permissions) 1941 2952 w
(of) 2571 2952 w
(any) 2712 2952 w
(files.) 2924 2952 w
(If) 3233 2952 w
(a) 3342 2952 w
(file) 3440 2952 w
(is) 3634 2952 w
(read-protected) 3758 2952 w
(by) 4540 2952 w
(a) 4699 2952 w
(user,) 4798 2952 w
(only that user may grant access to others.) 720 3072 w
(CPU) 970 3228 w
(servers) 1218 3228 w
(have) 1622 3228 w
(an) 1903 3228 w
(equivalent) 2076 3228 w
(user) 2633 3228 w
(name) 2899 3228 w
(that) 3221 3228 w
(allows) 3468 3228 w
(administrative) 3826 3228 w
(access) 4571 3228 w
(to) 4942 3228 w
(resources) 720 3348 w
(on) 1227 3348 w
(that) 1387 3348 w
(server) 1615 3348 w
(such) 1949 3348 w
(as) 2212 3348 w
(the) 2355 3348 w
(control) 2546 3348 w
(files) 2924 3348 w
(of) 3162 3348 w
(user) 3296 3348 w
(processes.) 3542 3348 w
(Such) 4123 3348 w
(permission) 4388 3348 w
(is) 4960 3348 w
(necessary, for example, to) 720 3468 w
(kill) 2038 3468 w
(rogue) 2216 3468 w
(processes,) 2531 3468 w
(but) 3077 3468 w
(does) 3272 3468 w
(not) 3536 3468 w
(extend) 3729 3468 w
(beyond) 4097 3468 w
(that) 4487 3468 w
(server.) 4711 3468 w
(On) 720 3588 w
(the) 893 3588 w
(other) 1081 3588 w
(hand,) 1371 3588 w
(by) 1678 3588 w
(means) 1826 3588 w
(of a key held in protected non-volatile RAM, the identity of) 2176 3588 w
(the) 720 3708 w
(administrative) 932 3708 w
(user) 1678 3708 w
(is) 1945 3708 w
(proven) 2082 3708 w
(to) 2474 3708 w
(the) 2629 3708 w
(authentication) 2841 3708 w
(server.) 3593 3708 w
(This) 4011 3708 w
(allows) 4274 3708 w
(the) 4634 3708 w
(CPU) 4847 3708 w
(server) 720 3828 w
(to) 1063 3828 w
(authenticate) 1206 3828 w
(remote) 1850 3828 w
(users,) 2239 3828 w
(both) 2577 3828 w
(for) 2845 3828 w
(access) 3029 3828 w
(to) 3389 3828 w
(the) 3532 3828 w
(server) 3732 3828 w
(itself) 4074 3828 w
(and) 4358 3828 w
(when) 4583 3828 w
(the) 4885 3828 w
(CPU server is acting as a proxy on their behalf.) 720 3948 w
(Finally,) 970 4104 w
(a) 1351 4104 w
(special) 1445 4104 w
(user) 1818 4104 w
(called) 2067 4104 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(none) 2389 4104 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(has) 2716 4104 w
(no) 2923 4104 w
(password) 3085 4104 w
(and) 3586 4104 w
(is) 3806 4104 w
(always) 3926 4104 w
(allowed) 4285 4104 w
(to) 4695 4104 w
(con\255) 4833 4104 w
(nect;) 720 4224 w
(anyone) 999 4224 w
(may) 1387 4224 w
(claim) 1627 4224 w
(to) 1924 4224 w
(be) 2062 4224 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(none) 2221 4224 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 2509 4224 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(None) 2613 4224 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(has) 2941 4224 w
(restricted) 3149 4224 w
(permissions;) 3651 4224 w
(for) 4310 4224 w
(example,) 4489 4224 w
(it) 4974 4224 w
(is not allowed to examine dump files and can read only world-readable files.) 720 4344 w
(The) 970 4500 w
(idea) 1197 4500 w
(behind) 1446 4500 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(none) 1828 4500 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(is) 2163 4500 w
(analogous) 2290 4500 w
(to) 2835 4500 w
(the) 2980 4500 w
(anonymous) 3182 4500 w
(user) 3788 4500 w
(in) 4045 4500 w
(FTP) 4183 4500 w
(services.) 4402 4500 w
(On) 4900 4500 w
(Plan) 720 4620 w
(9,) 958 4620 w
(guest) 1090 4620 w
(FTP) 1395 4620 w
(servers) 1604 4620 w
(are) 1988 4620 w
(further) 2176 4620 w
(confined) 2548 4620 w
(within) 3005 4620 w
(a) 3337 4620 w
(special) 3428 4620 w
(restricted) 3798 4620 w
(name) 4296 4620 w
(space.) 4598 4620 w
(It) 4974 4620 w
(disconnects) 720 4740 w
(guest) 1349 4740 w
(users) 1672 4740 w
(from) 1988 4740 w
(system) 2275 4740 w
(programs,) 2670 4740 w
(such) 3224 4740 w
(as) 3505 4740 w
(the) 3666 4740 w
(contents) 3876 4740 w
(of) 4348 4740 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/bin) 4502 4740 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4790 4740 w
(but) 4878 4740 w
(makes) 720 4860 w
(it) 1073 4860 w
(possible) 1179 4860 w
(to) 1622 4860 w
(make) 1760 4860 w
(local) 2062 4860 w
(files) 2327 4860 w
(available) 2569 4860 w
(to) 3031 4860 w
(guests) 3168 4860 w
(by) 3526 4860 w
(binding) 3680 4860 w
(them) 4089 4860 w
(explicitly) 4376 4860 w
(into) 4851 4860 w
(the) 720 4980 w
(space.) 914 4980 w
(A) 1293 4980 w
(restricted) 1401 4980 w
(name) 1902 4980 w
(space) 2207 4980 w
(is) 2522 4980 w
(more) 2641 4980 w
(secure) 2931 4980 w
(than) 3287 4980 w
(the) 3542 4980 w
(usual) 3736 4980 w
(technique) 4034 4980 w
(of) 4551 4980 w
(export\255) 4688 4980 w
(ing an ad hoc directory tree; the result is a kind of cage around untrusted users.) 720 5100 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(The cpu command and proxied authentication) 720 5340 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(When) 970 5496 w
(a) 1278 5496 w
(call) 1375 5496 w
(is) 1581 5496 w
(made) 1703 5496 w
(to) 2013 5496 w
(a) 2154 5496 w
(CPU) 2252 5496 w
(server) 2488 5496 w
(for) 2828 5496 w
(a) 3010 5496 w
(user,) 3108 5496 w
(say) 3393 5496 w
(Peter,) 3594 5496 w
(the) 3914 5496 w
(intent) 4112 5496 w
(is) 4438 5496 w
(that) 4561 5496 w
(Peter) 4795 5496 w
(wishes) 720 5616 w
(to) 1092 5616 w
(run) 1236 5616 w
(processes) 1447 5616 w
(with) 1973 5616 w
(his) 2223 5616 w
(own) 2410 5616 w
(authority.) 2655 5616 w
(To) 3200 5616 w
(implement) 3369 5616 w
(this) 3932 5616 w
(property,) 4156 5616 w
(the) 4647 5616 w
(CPU) 4847 5616 w
(server does) 720 5736 w
(the) 1313 5736 w
(following) 1501 5736 w
(when) 1981 5736 w
(the) 2271 5736 w
(call) 2459 5736 w
(is) 2656 5736 w
(received.) 2769 5736 w
(First,) 3270 5736 w
(the) 3547 5736 w
(listener) 3735 5736 w
(forks) 4129 5736 w
(off) 4410 5736 w
(a) 4578 5736 w
(process) 4666 5736 w
(to) 720 5856 w
(handle) 853 5856 w
(the) 1215 5856 w
(call.) 1405 5856 w
(This) 1668 5856 w
(process) 1908 5856 w
(changes) 2317 5856 w
(to) 2751 5856 w
(the) 2884 5856 w
(user) 3074 5856 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(none) 3319 5856 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(to) 3642 5856 w
(avoid) 3775 5856 w
(giving) 4070 5856 w
(away) 4401 5856 w
(permis\255) 4674 5856 w
(sions) 720 5976 w
(if) 1019 5976 w
(it) 1130 5976 w
(is) 1241 5976 w
(compromised.) 1366 5976 w
(It) 2137 5976 w
(then) 2248 5976 w
(performs) 2511 5976 w
(the) 3000 5976 w
(authentication) 3201 5976 w
(protocol) 3942 5976 w
(to) 4392 5976 w
(verify) 4536 5976 w
(that) 4849 5976 w
(the) 720 6096 w
(calling) 914 6096 w
(user) 1270 6096 w
(really) 1519 6096 w
(is) 1820 6096 w
(Peter,) 1938 6096 w
(and) 2253 6096 w
(to) 2471 6096 w
(prove) 2607 6096 w
(to) 2918 6096 w
(Peter) 3054 6096 w
(that) 3337 6096 w
(the) 3566 6096 w
(machine) 3759 6096 w
(is) 4205 6096 w
(itself) 4323 6096 w
(trustwor\255) 4600 6096 w
(thy.) 720 6216 w
(Finally,) 971 6216 w
(it) 1350 6216 w
(reattaches) 1453 6216 w
(to) 1991 6216 w
(all) 2126 6216 w
(relevant) 2276 6216 w
(file) 2701 6216 w
(servers) 2889 6216 w
(using) 3274 6216 w
(the) 3577 6216 w
(authentication) 3769 6216 w
(protocol) 4501 6216 w
(to) 4942 6216 w
(identify) 720 6336 w
(itself) 1123 6336 w
(as) 1400 6336 w
(Peter.) 1543 6336 w
(In) 1889 6336 w
(this) 2017 6336 w
(case,) 2233 6336 w
(the) 2515 6336 w
(CPU) 2707 6336 w
(server) 2937 6336 w
(is) 3271 6336 w
(a) 3388 6336 w
(client) 3480 6336 w
(of) 3781 6336 w
(the) 3916 6336 w
(file) 4108 6336 w
(server) 4296 6336 w
(and) 4630 6336 w
(per\255) 4847 6336 w
(forms) 720 6456 w
(the) 1039 6456 w
(client) 1230 6456 w
(portion) 1530 6456 w
(of) 1920 6456 w
(the) 2054 6456 w
(authentication) 2245 6456 w
(exchange) 2976 6456 w
(on) 3477 6456 w
(behalf) 3636 6456 w
(of) 3974 6456 w
(Peter.) 4109 6456 w
(The) 4455 6456 w
(authen\255) 4673 6456 w
(tication) 720 6576 w
(server) 1127 6576 w
(will) 1469 6576 w
(give) 1678 6576 w
(the) 1922 6576 w
(process) 2122 6576 w
(tickets) 2541 6576 w
(to) 2905 6576 w
(accomplish) 3048 6576 w
(this) 3638 6576 w
(only) 3862 6576 w
(if) 4111 6576 w
(the) 4222 6576 w
(CPU) 4422 6576 w
(server) 4660 6576 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4957 6576 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 4989 6576 w
(administrative user name is allowed to) 720 6696 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(speak for) 2625 6696 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Peter.) 3114 6696 w
(The) 970 6852 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(speaks for) 1183 6852 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(relation [LABW91] is kept in a table on the authentication server.) 1721 6852 w
(To) 4916 6852 w
(simplify) 720 6972 w
(the) 1136 6972 w
(management) 1324 6972 w
(of) 1988 6972 w
(users) 2119 6972 w
(computing) 2413 6972 w
(in) 2966 6972 w
(different) 3090 6972 w
(authentication domains, it also) 3541 6972 w
(contains) 720 7092 w
(mappings) 1172 7092 w
(between) 1694 7092 w
(user) 2145 7092 w
(names) 2399 7092 w
(in) 2761 7092 w
(different) 2897 7092 w
(domains,) 3360 7092 w
(for) 3851 7092 w
(example) 4035 7092 w
(saying) 4493 7092 w
(that) 4849 7092 w
(user) 720 7212 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rtm) 962 7212 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(in one domain is the same person as user) 1210 7212 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rtmorris) 3271 7212 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(in another.) 3879 7212 w
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10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 19 \255) 2752 480 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(File Permissions) 720 840 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(One) 970 996 w
(of) 1201 996 w
(the) 1334 996 w
(advantages) 1524 996 w
(of) 2108 996 w
(constructing) 2242 996 w
(services) 2884 996 w
(as) 3307 996 w
(file) 3449 996 w
(systems) 3636 996 w
(is) 4063 996 w
(that) 4179 996 w
(the) 4406 996 w
(solutions) 4597 996 w
(to) 720 1116 w
(ownership) 856 1116 w
(and) 1396 1116 w
(permission) 1614 1116 w
(problems) 2188 1116 w
(fall) 2683 1116 w
(out) 2870 1116 w
(naturally.) 3067 1116 w
(As) 3590 1116 w
(in) 3747 1116 w
(UNIX,) 3875 1116 w
(each) 4179 1116 w
(file) 4440 1116 w
(or) 4628 1116 w
(direc\255) 4767 1116 w
(tory) 720 1236 w
(has) 952 1236 w
(separate) 1161 1236 w
(read,) 1616 1236 w
(write,) 1905 1236 w
(and) 2219 1236 w
(execute/search) 2441 1236 w
(permissions) 3231 1236 w
(for) 3860 1236 w
(the) 4041 1236 w
(file) 4238 1236 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4389 1236 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 4421 1236 w
(owner,) 4514 1236 w
(the) 4885 1236 w
(file) 720 1356 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 871 1356 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s group, and anyone else.) 903 1356 w
(The idea of group is unusual: any user name is potentially) 2219 1356 w
(a) 720 1476 w
(group) 816 1476 w
(name.) 1146 1476 w
(A) 1517 1476 w
(group) 1627 1476 w
(is) 1957 1476 w
(just) 2078 1476 w
(a) 2299 1476 w
(user) 2395 1476 w
(with) 2646 1476 w
(a) 2893 1476 w
(list) 2990 1476 w
(of) 3178 1476 w
(other) 3318 1476 w
(users) 3617 1476 w
(in) 3920 1476 w
(the) 4053 1476 w
(group.) 4250 1476 w
(Conven\255) 4645 1476 w
(tions) 720 1596 w
(make) 994 1596 w
(the) 1290 1596 w
(distinction:) 1479 1596 w
(most) 2056 1596 w
(people) 2332 1596 w
(have) 2694 1596 w
(user) 2953 1596 w
(names) 3197 1596 w
(without) 3548 1596 w
(group) 3947 1596 w
(members,) 4269 1596 w
(while) 4787 1596 w
(groups) 720 1716 w
(have) 1093 1716 w
(long) 1352 1716 w
(lists) 1600 1716 w
(of) 1831 1716 w
(attached) 1963 1716 w
(names.) 2413 1716 w
(For) 2828 1716 w
(example,) 3018 1716 w
(the) 3497 1716 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(sys) 3686 1716 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(group) 3936 1716 w
(traditionally) 4259 1716 w
(has) 4872 1716 w
(all) 720 1836 w
(the) 879 1836 w
(system) 1079 1836 w
(programmers,) 1464 1836 w
(and) 2198 1836 w
(system) 2423 1836 w
(files) 2808 1836 w
(are) 3055 1836 w
(accessible) 3252 1836 w
(by) 3789 1836 w
(group) 3949 1836 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(sys) 4283 1836 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 4499 1836 w
(Consider) 4608 1836 w
(the following two lines of a user database stored on a server:) 720 1956 w
9 /LucidaTypewriter f
(pjw:pjw:) 920 2126 w
(sys::pjw,ken,philw,presotto) 920 2236 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 720 2416 w
(first) 937 2416 w
(establishes) 1168 2416 w
(user) 1744 2416 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(pjw) 1990 2416 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(as) 2242 2416 w
(a) 2384 2416 w
(regular) 2475 2416 w
(user.) 2857 2416 w
(The) 3167 2416 w
(second) 3384 2416 w
(establishes) 3765 2416 w
(user) 4342 2416 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(sys) 4589 2416 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(as) 4842 2416 w
(a) 4985 2416 w
(group) 720 2536 w
(and) 1045 2536 w
(lists) 1261 2536 w
(four) 1494 2536 w
(users) 1731 2536 w
(who) 2028 2536 w
(are) 2264 2536 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(members) 2452 2536 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(of) 2938 2536 w
(that) 3072 2536 w
(group.) 3299 2536 w
(The) 3688 2536 w
(empty) 3905 2536 w
(colon-separated) 4241 2536 w
(field) 720 2656 w
(is) 972 2656 w
(space) 1090 2656 w
(for) 1404 2656 w
(a) 1581 2656 w
(user) 1674 2656 w
(to) 1922 2656 w
(be) 2058 2656 w
(named) 2215 2656 w
(as) 2582 2656 w
(the) 2726 2656 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(group) 2919 2656 w
(leader) 3246 2656 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 3551 2656 w
(If) 3653 2656 w
(a) 3757 2656 w
(group) 3850 2656 w
(has) 4177 2656 w
(a) 4384 2656 w
(leader,) 4478 2656 w
(that) 4849 2656 w
(user) 720 2776 w
(has) 972 2776 w
(special) 1182 2776 w
(permissions) 1558 2776 w
(for) 2187 2776 w
(the) 2368 2776 w
(group,) 2565 2776 w
(such) 2928 2776 w
(as) 3196 2776 w
(freedom) 3344 2776 w
(to) 3793 2776 w
(change) 3932 2776 w
(the) 4321 2776 w
(group) 4517 2776 w
(per\255) 4847 2776 w
(missions) 720 2896 w
(of) 1189 2896 w
(files) 1329 2896 w
(in) 1573 2896 w
(that) 1706 2896 w
(group.) 1939 2896 w
(If) 2334 2896 w
(no) 2442 2896 w
(leader) 2607 2896 w
(is) 2949 2896 w
(specified,) 3071 2896 w
(each) 3580 2896 w
(member) 3846 2896 w
(of) 4290 2896 w
(the) 4430 2896 w
(group) 4628 2896 w
(is) 4960 2896 w
(considered) 720 3016 w
(equal,) 1294 3016 w
(as) 1631 3016 w
(if) 1777 3016 w
(each) 1883 3016 w
(were) 2147 3016 w
(the) 2417 3016 w
(leader.) 2612 3016 w
(In) 3016 3016 w
(our) 3147 3016 w
(example,) 3351 3016 w
(only) 3836 3016 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(pjw) 4080 3016 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(can) 4336 3016 w
(add) 4544 3016 w
(mem\255) 4765 3016 w
(bers to his group, but all of) 720 3136 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(sys) 2089 3136 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 2305 3136 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s members are equal partners in that group.) 2337 3136 w
(Regular files are owned by the user that creates them.) 970 3292 w
(The group name is inherited) 3661 3292 w
(from) 720 3412 w
(the) 1002 3412 w
(directory) 1207 3412 w
(holding) 1688 3412 w
(the) 2106 3412 w
(new) 2311 3412 w
(file.) 2556 3412 w
(Device) 2821 3412 w
(files) 3190 3412 w
(are) 3442 3412 w
(treated) 3644 3412 w
(specially:) 4038 3412 w
(the) 4534 3412 w
(kernel) 4738 3412 w
(may) 720 3532 w
(arrange) 960 3532 w
(the) 1372 3532 w
(ownership) 1567 3532 w
(and) 2109 3532 w
(permissions) 2329 3532 w
(of) 2956 3532 w
(a) 3094 3532 w
(file) 3189 3532 w
(appropriate) 3381 3532 w
(to) 3986 3532 w
(the) 4125 3532 w
(user) 4321 3532 w
(accessing) 4572 3532 w
(the file.) 720 3652 w
(A) 970 3808 w
(good) 1076 3808 w
(example) 1360 3808 w
(of) 1810 3808 w
(the) 1945 3808 w
(generality) 2137 3808 w
(this) 2654 3808 w
(offers) 2871 3808 w
(is) 3192 3808 w
(process) 3310 3808 w
(files,) 3722 3808 w
(which) 3994 3808 w
(are) 4313 3808 w
(owned) 4503 3808 w
(and) 4860 3808 w
(read-protected) 720 3928 w
(by) 1506 3928 w
(the) 1669 3928 w
(owner) 1872 3928 w
(of) 2217 3928 w
(the) 2363 3928 w
(process.) 2566 3928 w
(If) 3052 3928 w
(the) 3166 3928 w
(owner) 3369 3928 w
(wants) 3714 3928 w
(to) 4044 3928 w
(let) 4190 3928 w
(someone) 4360 3928 w
(else) 4848 3928 w
(access) 720 4048 w
(the) 1080 4048 w
(memory) 1280 4048 w
(of) 1721 4048 w
(a) 1864 4048 w
(process,) 1964 4048 w
(for) 2415 4048 w
(example) 2599 4048 w
(to) 3057 4048 w
(let) 3200 4048 w
(the) 3367 4048 w
(author) 3567 4048 w
(of) 3930 4048 w
(a) 4073 4048 w
(program) 4173 4048 w
(debug) 4634 4048 w
(a) 4985 4048 w
(broken image, the standard) 720 4168 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(chmod) 2098 4168 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(command applied to the process files does the job.) 2490 4168 w
(Another) 970 4324 w
(unusual) 1402 4324 w
(application) 1829 4324 w
(of) 2407 4324 w
(file) 2549 4324 w
(permissions) 2744 4324 w
(is) 3375 4324 w
(the) 3499 4324 w
(dump) 3698 4324 w
(file) 4023 4324 w
(system,) 4218 4324 w
(which) 4634 4324 w
(is) 4960 4324 w
(not) 720 4444 w
(only) 913 4444 w
(served) 1150 4444 w
(by) 1502 4444 w
(the) 1650 4444 w
(same) 1838 4444 w
(file) 2126 4444 w
(server) 2310 4444 w
(as) 2640 4444 w
(the) 2779 4444 w
(original) 2967 4444 w
(data,) 3368 4444 w
(but represented by the same) 3643 4444 w
(user) 720 4564 w
(database.) 968 4564 w
(Files) 1505 4564 w
(in) 1762 4564 w
(the) 1891 4564 w
(dump) 2085 4564 w
(are) 2405 4564 w
(therefore) 2596 4564 w
(given) 3082 4564 w
(identical) 3382 4564 w
(protection) 3832 4564 w
(as) 4369 4564 w
(files) 4514 4564 w
(in) 4755 4564 w
(the) 4885 4564 w
(regular) 720 4684 w
(file) 1102 4684 w
(system;) 1288 4684 w
(if) 1695 4684 w
(a) 1796 4684 w
(file) 1886 4684 w
(is) 2072 4684 w
(owned) 2187 4684 w
(by) 2541 4684 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(pjw) 2691 4684 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and) 2942 4684 w
(read-protected,) 3157 4684 w
(once) 3962 4684 w
(it) 4227 4684 w
(is) 4328 4684 w
(in) 4443 4684 w
(the) 4569 4684 w
(dump) 4759 4684 w
(file) 720 4804 w
(system) 911 4804 w
(it) 1291 4804 w
(is) 1397 4804 w
(still) 1517 4804 w
(owned) 1733 4804 w
(by) 2093 4804 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(pjw) 2249 4804 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and) 2506 4804 w
(read-protected.) 2727 4804 w
(Also,) 3570 4804 w
(since) 3853 4804 w
(the) 4143 4804 w
(dump) 4339 4804 w
(file) 4661 4804 w
(sys\255) 4853 4804 w
(tem) 720 4924 w
(is) 947 4924 w
(immutable,) 1068 4924 w
(the) 1658 4924 w
(file) 1854 4924 w
(cannot) 2046 4924 w
(be) 2415 4924 w
(changed;) 2575 4924 w
(it) 3059 4924 w
(is) 3166 4924 w
(read-protected) 3287 4924 w
(forever.) 4066 4924 w
(Drawbacks) 4514 4924 w
(are) 720 5044 w
(that) 915 5044 w
(if) 1149 5044 w
(the) 1258 5044 w
(file) 1456 5044 w
(is) 1650 5044 w
(readable) 1773 5044 w
(but) 2234 5044 w
(should) 2439 5044 w
(have) 2810 5044 w
(been) 3078 5044 w
(read-protected,) 3358 5044 w
(it) 4172 5044 w
(is) 4282 5044 w
(readable) 4406 5044 w
(for\255) 4868 5044 w
(ever, and that user names are hard to re-use.) 720 5164 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(Performance) 720 5404 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(As) 970 5560 w
(a) 1137 5560 w
(simple) 1239 5560 w
(measure) 1607 5560 w
(of) 2069 5560 w
(the) 2215 5560 w
(performance) 2418 5560 w
(of) 3082 5560 w
(the) 3228 5560 w
(Plan) 3431 5560 w
(9) 3680 5560 w
(kernel,) 3791 5560 w
(we) 4173 5560 w
(compared) 4354 5560 w
(the) 4885 5560 w
(time) 720 5680 w
(to) 976 5680 w
(do) 1115 5680 w
(some) 1280 5680 w
(simple) 1582 5680 w
(operations) 1944 5680 w
(on) 2501 5680 w
(Plan) 2664 5680 w
(9) 2905 5680 w
(and) 3008 5680 w
(on) 3228 5680 w
(SGI) 3391 5680 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 3546 5680 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 3578 5680 w
(IRIX) 3669 5680 w
(Release) 3893 5680 w
(5.3) 4299 5680 w
(running) 4497 5680 w
(on) 4917 5680 w
(an) 720 5800 w
(SGI) 886 5800 w
(Challenge) 1090 5800 w
(M) 1620 5800 w
(with) 1756 5800 w
(a) 2011 5800 w
(100MHz) 2116 5800 w
(MIPS) 2572 5800 w
(R4400) 2846 5800 w
(and) 3211 5800 w
(a) 3441 5800 w
(1-megabyte) 3546 5800 w
(secondary) 4191 5800 w
(cache.) 4733 5800 w
(The test program was written in Alef, compiled with the same compiler, and run on iden\255) 720 5920 w
(tical hardware, so the only variables are the operating system and libraries.) 720 6040 w
(The) 970 6196 w
(program) 1208 6196 w
(tests) 1681 6196 w
(the) 1970 6196 w
(time) 2182 6196 w
(to) 2455 6196 w
(do) 2611 6196 w
(a) 2793 6196 w
(context) 2906 6196 w
(switch) 3329 6196 w
(\() 3694 6196 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rendezvous) 3727 6196 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(on) 4505 6196 w
(Plan) 4686 6196 w
(9,) 4945 6196 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(blockproc) 720 6316 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(on) 1410 6316 w
(IRIX\);) 1575 6316 w
(a) 1866 6316 w
(trivial) 1963 6316 w
(system) 2277 6316 w
(call) 2659 6316 w
(\() 2865 6316 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rfork\(0\)) 2898 6316 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and) 3516 6316 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(nap\(0\)) 3738 6316 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\);) 4170 6316 w
(and) 4277 6316 w
(lightweight) 4498 6316 w
(fork) 720 6436 w
(\() 965 6436 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(rfork\(RFPROC\)) 998 6436 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and) 1982 6436 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(sproc\(PR_SFDS|PR_SADDR\)) 2210 6436 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\).) 3866 6436 w
(It) 4011 6436 w
(also) 4126 6436 w
(measures) 4371 6436 w
(the) 4885 6436 w
(time) 720 6556 w
(to) 968 6556 w
(send) 1099 6556 w
(a) 1364 6556 w
(byte) 1452 6556 w
(on) 1693 6556 w
(a) 1849 6556 w
(pipe) 1937 6556 w
(from) 2181 6556 w
(one) 2446 6556 w
(process) 2658 6556 w
(to) 3065 6556 w
(another) 3196 6556 w
(and) 3603 6556 w
(the) 3816 6556 w
(throughput) 4004 6556 w
(on) 4586 6556 w
(a pipe) 4742 6556 w
(between two processes.) 720 6676 w
(The results appear in Table 1.) 1943 6676 w
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10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 20 \255) 2752 480 w
10 /S f
(_) 1733 800 w
(_____________________________________________) 1777 800 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Test) 2052 920 w
(Plan 9) 2818 920 w
(IRIX) 3598 920 w
10 /S f
(_) 1733 940 w
(_____________________________________________) 1777 940 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Context switch) 1783 1060 w
(39 \265s) 2868 1060 w
(150 \265s) 3529 1060 w
(System call) 1783 1180 w
(6 \265s) 2931 1180 w
(36 \265s) 3592 1180 w
(Light fork) 1783 1300 w
(1300 \265s) 2742 1300 w
(2200 \265s) 3466 1300 w
(Pipe latency) 1783 1420 w
(110 \265s) 2805 1420 w
(200 \265s) 3529 1420 w
(Pipe bandwidth) 1783 1540 w
(11678 KB/s) 2679 1540 w
(14545 KB/s) 3403 1540 w
10 /S f
(_) 1733 1560 w
(_____________________________________________) 1777 1560 w
(\347) 1733 1560 w
(\347) 1733 1500 w
(\347) 1733 1400 w
(\347) 1733 1300 w
(\347) 1733 1200 w
(\347) 1733 1100 w
(\347) 1733 1000 w
(\347) 1733 900 w
(\347) 4027 1560 w
(\347) 4027 1500 w
(\347) 4027 1400 w
(\347) 4027 1300 w
(\347) 4027 1200 w
(\347) 4027 1100 w
(\347) 4027 1000 w
(\347) 4027 900 w
10 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Table 1.) 2025 1740 w
(Performance comparison.) 2482 1740 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Although) 720 1896 w
(the) 1203 1896 w
(Plan) 1397 1896 w
(9) 1637 1896 w
(times) 1739 1896 w
(are) 2044 1896 w
(not) 2235 1896 w
(spectacular,) 2434 1896 w
(they) 3056 1896 w
(show) 3302 1896 w
(that) 3592 1896 w
(the) 3822 1896 w
(kernel) 4016 1896 w
(is) 4357 1896 w
(competitive) 4476 1896 w
(with commercial systems.) 720 2016 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(Discussion) 720 2256 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Plan) 970 2412 w
(9) 1213 2412 w
(has) 1318 2412 w
(a) 1528 2412 w
(relatively) 1625 2412 w
(conventional) 2103 2412 w
(kernel;) 2762 2412 w
(the) 3138 2412 w
(system) 3336 2412 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 3676 2412 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 3708 2412 w
(novelty) 3802 2412 w
(lies) 4194 2412 w
(in) 4402 2412 w
(the) 4536 2412 w
(pieces) 4734 2412 w
(outside) 720 2532 w
(the) 1123 2532 w
(kernel) 1322 2532 w
(and) 1668 2532 w
(the) 1892 2532 w
(way) 2090 2532 w
(they) 2317 2532 w
(interact.) 2567 2532 w
(When) 3042 2532 w
(building) 3351 2532 w
(Plan) 3793 2532 w
(9,) 4037 2532 w
(we) 4175 2532 w
(considered) 4351 2532 w
(all) 4927 2532 w
(aspects) 720 2652 w
(of) 1134 2652 w
(the) 1282 2652 w
(system) 1487 2652 w
(together,) 1877 2652 w
(solving) 2371 2652 w
(problems) 2767 2652 w
(where) 3275 2652 w
(the) 3618 2652 w
(solution) 3824 2652 w
(fit) 4267 2652 w
(best.) 4421 2652 w
(Some\255) 4743 2652 w
(times) 720 2772 w
(the) 1022 2772 w
(solution) 1213 2772 w
(spanned) 1641 2772 w
(many) 2089 2772 w
(components.) 2387 2772 w
(An) 3083 2772 w
(example) 3249 2772 w
(is) 3697 2772 w
(the) 3812 2772 w
(problem) 4002 2772 w
(of) 4443 2772 w
(heteroge\255) 4576 2772 w
(neous) 720 2892 w
(instruction) 1067 2892 w
(architectures,) 1645 2892 w
(which) 2362 2892 w
(is) 2699 2892 w
(addressed) 2835 2892 w
(by) 3390 2892 w
(the) 3561 2892 w
(compilers) 3772 2892 w
(\(different) 4302 2892 w
(code) 4809 2892 w
(characters,) 720 3012 w
(portable) 1301 3012 w
(object) 1755 3012 w
(code\),) 2102 3012 w
(the) 2447 3012 w
(environment) 2651 3012 w
(\() 3311 3012 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
($cputype) 3344 3012 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and) 3968 3012 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
($objtype) 4196 3012 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\),) 4772 3012 w
(the) 4885 3012 w
(name) 720 3132 w
(space) 1029 3132 w
(\(binding) 1348 3132 w
(in) 1794 3132 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/bin) 1928 3132 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\),) 2216 3132 w
(and) 2324 3132 w
(other) 2547 3132 w
(components.) 2847 3132 w
(Sometimes) 3551 3132 w
(many) 4124 3132 w
(issues) 4430 3132 w
(could) 4774 3132 w
(be) 720 3252 w
(solved) 879 3252 w
(in) 1231 3252 w
(a) 1362 3252 w
(single) 1457 3252 w
(place.) 1786 3252 w
(The) 2144 3252 w
(best) 2365 3252 w
(example) 2612 3252 w
(is) 3065 3252 w
(9P,) 3185 3252 w
(which) 3375 3252 w
(centralizes) 3696 3252 w
(naming,) 4259 3252 w
(access,) 4693 3252 w
(and) 720 3372 w
(authentication.) 942 3372 w
(9P) 1743 3372 w
(is) 1903 3372 w
(really) 2025 3372 w
(the) 2329 3372 w
(core) 2526 3372 w
(of) 2777 3372 w
(the) 2917 3372 w
(system;) 3114 3372 w
(it) 3528 3372 w
(is) 3636 3372 w
(fair) 3758 3372 w
(to) 3962 3372 w
(say) 4102 3372 w
(that) 4302 3372 w
(the) 4535 3372 w
(Plan) 4733 3372 w
(9) 4977 3372 w
(kernel is primarily a 9P multiplexer.) 720 3492 w
(Plan) 970 3648 w
(9) 1212 3648 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1275 3648 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 1307 3648 w
(focus) 1399 3648 w
(on) 1702 3648 w
(files) 1866 3648 w
(and) 2109 3648 w
(naming) 2330 3648 w
(is) 2735 3648 w
(central) 2857 3648 w
(to) 3230 3648 w
(its) 3370 3648 w
(expressiveness.) 3529 3648 w
(Particularly) 4371 3648 w
(in) 4949 3648 w
(distributed) 720 3768 w
(computing,) 1288 3768 w
(the) 1877 3768 w
(way) 2068 3768 w
(things) 2288 3768 w
(are) 2627 3768 w
(named) 2815 3768 w
(has) 3180 3768 w
(profound) 3384 3768 w
(influence) 3870 3768 w
(on) 4350 3768 w
(the) 4509 3768 w
(system) 4700 3768 w
([Nee89].) 720 3888 w
(The) 1199 3888 w
(combination) 1417 3888 w
(of) 2057 3888 w
(local) 2192 3888 w
(name) 2454 3888 w
(spaces) 2757 3888 w
(and) 3122 3888 w
(global) 3340 3888 w
(conventions) 3677 3888 w
(to) 4299 3888 w
(interconnect) 4435 3888 w
(networked) 720 4008 w
(resources) 1273 4008 w
(avoids) 1785 4008 w
(the) 2138 4008 w
(difficulty) 2335 4008 w
(of) 2803 4008 w
(maintaining) 2943 4008 w
(a) 3560 4008 w
(global) 3657 4008 w
(uniform) 3998 4008 w
(name) 4425 4008 w
(space,) 4732 4008 w
(while) 720 4128 w
(naming) 1011 4128 w
(everything) 1412 4128 w
(like) 1959 4128 w
(a) 2169 4128 w
(file) 2262 4128 w
(makes) 2451 4128 w
(the) 2803 4128 w
(system) 2997 4128 w
(easy) 3376 4128 w
(to) 3629 4128 w
(understand,) 3766 4128 w
(even) 4389 4128 w
(for) 4654 4128 w
(nov\255) 4832 4128 w
(ices.) 720 4248 w
(Consider) 1005 4248 w
(the) 1471 4248 w
(dump) 1659 4248 w
(file) 1973 4248 w
(system,) 2157 4248 w
(which) 2562 4248 w
(is) 2876 4248 w
(trivial) 2989 4248 w
(to) 3294 4248 w
(use) 3425 4248 w
(for) 3627 4248 w
(anyone) 3799 4248 w
(familiar) 4180 4248 w
(with) 4581 4248 w
(hier\255) 4819 4248 w
(archical) 720 4368 w
(file) 1138 4368 w
(systems.) 1334 4368 w
(At) 1834 4368 w
(a) 1985 4368 w
(deeper) 2085 4368 w
(level,) 2465 4368 w
(building) 2764 4368 w
(all) 3209 4368 w
(the) 3368 4368 w
(resources) 3569 4368 w
(above) 4085 4368 w
(a) 4418 4368 w
(single) 4519 4368 w
(uni\255) 4854 4368 w
(form) 720 4488 w
(interface) 998 4488 w
(makes) 1468 4488 w
(interoperability) 1827 4488 w
(easy.) 2613 4488 w
(Once) 2937 4488 w
(a) 3230 4488 w
(resource) 3331 4488 w
(exports) 3795 4488 w
(a) 4210 4488 w
(9P) 4310 4488 w
(interface,) 4473 4488 w
(it) 4974 4488 w
(can) 720 4608 w
(combine) 931 4608 w
(transparently) 1390 4608 w
(with) 2075 4608 w
(any) 2324 4608 w
(other) 2537 4608 w
(part) 2838 4608 w
(of) 3078 4608 w
(the) 3220 4608 w
(system) 3419 4608 w
(to) 3803 4608 w
(build) 3945 4608 w
(unusual) 4235 4608 w
(applica\255) 4662 4608 w
(tions;) 720 4728 w
(the) 1043 4728 w
(details) 1249 4728 w
(are) 1620 4728 w
(hidden.) 1823 4728 w
(This) 2272 4728 w
(may) 2527 4728 w
(sound) 2777 4728 w
(object-oriented,) 3126 4728 w
(but) 3969 4728 w
(there) 4181 4728 w
(are) 4483 4728 w
(distinc\255) 4685 4728 w
(tions.) 720 4848 w
(First,) 1064 4848 w
(9P) 1348 4848 w
(defines) 1506 4848 w
(a) 1900 4848 w
(fixed) 1995 4848 w
(set) 2281 4848 w
(of) 2465 4848 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 2603 4848 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(methods) 2635 4848 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 3058 4848 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(;) 3090 4848 w
(it) 3162 4848 w
(is) 3268 4848 w
(not) 3388 4848 w
(an) 3588 4848 w
(extensible) 3746 4848 w
(protocol.) 4287 4848 w
(More) 4796 4848 w
(important,) 720 4968 w
(files) 1296 4968 w
(are) 1563 4968 w
(well-defined) 1780 4968 w
(and) 2460 4968 w
(well-understood) 2705 4968 w
(and) 3576 4968 w
(come) 3821 4968 w
(prepackaged) 4147 4968 w
(with) 4835 4968 w
(familiar) 720 5088 w
(methods) 1127 5088 w
(of) 1589 5088 w
(access,) 1726 5088 w
(protection,) 2112 5088 w
(naming,) 2681 5088 w
(and) 3115 5088 w
(networking.) 3334 5088 w
(Objects,) 3982 5088 w
(despite) 4420 5088 w
(their) 4815 5088 w
(generality,) 720 5208 w
(do) 1266 5208 w
(not) 1425 5208 w
(come) 1620 5208 w
(with) 1916 5208 w
(these) 2156 5208 w
(attributes) 2453 5208 w
(defined.) 2956 5208 w
(By) 3421 5208 w
(reducing) 3566 5208 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 4027 5208 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(object) 4059 5208 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4357 5208 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(to) 4424 5208 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030) 4557 5208 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(file) 4589 5208 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4740 5208 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4772 5208 w
(Plan) 4839 5208 w
(9 gets some technology for free.) 720 5328 w
(Nonetheless,) 970 5484 w
(it) 1635 5484 w
(is) 1739 5484 w
(possible) 1857 5484 w
(to) 2299 5484 w
(push) 2436 5484 w
(the) 2713 5484 w
(idea) 2907 5484 w
(of) 3149 5484 w
(file-based) 3286 5484 w
(computing) 3822 5484 w
(too) 4381 5484 w
(far.) 4579 5484 w
(Con\255) 4815 5484 w
(verting) 720 5604 w
(every) 1096 5604 w
(resource) 1390 5604 w
(in) 1846 5604 w
(the) 1974 5604 w
(system) 2166 5604 w
(into) 2543 5604 w
(a) 2769 5604 w
(file) 2861 5604 w
(system) 3049 5604 w
(is) 3425 5604 w
(a) 3541 5604 w
(kind) 3632 5604 w
(of) 3880 5604 w
(metaphor,) 4014 5604 w
(and) 4550 5604 w
(meta\255) 4766 5604 w
(phors) 720 5724 w
(can) 1036 5724 w
(be) 1242 5724 w
(abused.) 1399 5724 w
(A) 1851 5724 w
(good) 1958 5724 w
(example) 2243 5724 w
(of) 2694 5724 w
(restraint) 2830 5724 w
(is) 3277 5724 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(/proc) 3395 5724 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3755 5724 w
(which) 3825 5724 w
(is) 4144 5724 w
(only) 4262 5724 w
(a) 4504 5724 w
(view) 4597 5724 w
(of) 4849 5724 w
(a) 4985 5724 w
(process,) 720 5844 w
(not) 1172 5844 w
(a) 1378 5844 w
(representation.) 1479 5844 w
(To) 2296 5844 w
(run) 2465 5844 w
(processes,) 2675 5844 w
(the) 3233 5844 w
(usual) 3433 5844 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(fork) 3737 5844 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(and) 4070 5844 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(exec) 4295 5844 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(calls) 4628 5844 w
(are) 4888 5844 w
(still necessary, rather than doing something like) 720 5964 w
9 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cp) 920 6134 w
(/bin/date) 1115 6134 w
(/proc/clone/mem) 1765 6134 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 720 6314 w
(problem) 940 6314 w
(with) 1385 6314 w
(such) 1629 6314 w
(examples) 1894 6314 w
(is) 2397 6314 w
(that) 2516 6314 w
(they) 2746 6314 w
(require) 2992 6314 w
(the) 3379 6314 w
(server) 3574 6314 w
(to) 3911 6314 w
(do) 4049 6314 w
(things) 4213 6314 w
(not) 4556 6314 w
(under) 4756 6314 w
(its) 720 6434 w
(control.) 884 6434 w
(The) 1337 6434 w
(ability) 1565 6434 w
(to) 1906 6434 w
(assign) 2051 6434 w
(meaning) 2408 6434 w
(to) 2874 6434 w
(a) 3019 6434 w
(command) 3121 6434 w
(like) 3646 6434 w
(this) 3865 6434 w
(does) 4090 6434 w
(not) 4367 6434 w
(imply) 4573 6434 w
(the) 4885 6434 w
(meaning will fall naturally out of) 720 6554 w
(the) 2326 6554 w
(structure) 2514 6554 w
(of) 2985 6554 w
(answering) 3116 6554 w
(the) 3644 6554 w
(9P) 3832 6554 w
(requests) 3983 6554 w
(it) 4433 6554 w
(generates.) 4532 6554 w
(As) 720 6674 w
(a) 886 6674 w
(related) 987 6674 w
(example,) 1370 6674 w
(Plan) 1861 6674 w
(9) 2108 6674 w
(does) 2217 6674 w
(not) 2494 6674 w
(put) 2700 6674 w
(machine) 2907 6674 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 3315 6674 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 3347 6674 w
(network) 3443 6674 w
(names) 3880 6674 w
(in) 4242 6674 w
(the) 4378 6674 w
(file) 4578 6674 w
(name) 4774 6674 w
(space.) 720 6794 w
(The) 1096 6794 w
(network) 1313 6794 w
(interfaces) 1741 6794 w
(provide) 2252 6794 w
(a) 2653 6794 w
(very) 2744 6794 w
(different) 2982 6794 w
(model) 3437 6794 w
(of) 3776 6794 w
(naming,) 3911 6794 w
(because) 4343 6794 w
(using) 4774 6794 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(open) 720 6914 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 1008 6914 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(create) 1087 6914 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 1519 6914 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(read) 1598 6914 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 1886 6914 w
(and) 1965 6914 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(write) 2192 6914 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(on) 2599 6914 w
(such) 2769 6914 w
(files) 3042 6914 w
(would) 3291 6914 w
(not) 3629 6914 w
(offer) 3835 6914 w
(a) 4113 6914 w
(suitable) 4214 6914 w
(place) 4642 6914 w
(to) 4942 6914 w
(encode all the details of call setup for an arbitrary network.) 720 7034 w
(This) 3667 7034 w
(does) 3905 7034 w
(not) 4169 7034 w
(mean) 4362 7034 w
(that) 4661 7034 w
(the) 4885 7034 w
(network) 720 7154 w
(interface) 1147 7154 w
(cannot) 1606 7154 w
(be) 1969 7154 w
(file-like,) 2123 7154 w
(just) 2571 7154 w
(that) 2786 7154 w
(it) 3012 7154 w
(must) 3113 7154 w
(have) 3390 7154 w
(a) 3649 7154 w
(more) 3738 7154 w
(tightly) 4023 7154 w
(defined) 4365 7154 w
(struc\255) 4765 7154 w
(ture.) 720 7274 w
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10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 21 \255) 2752 480 w
(What) 970 840 w
(would) 1243 840 w
(we) 1568 840 w
(do) 1735 840 w
(differently) 1893 840 w
(next) 2426 840 w
(time?) 2676 840 w
(Some) 2999 840 w
(elements) 3297 840 w
(of) 3771 840 w
(the) 3903 840 w
(implementation) 4092 840 w
(are) 4888 840 w
(unsatisfactory.) 720 960 w
(Using) 1501 960 w
(streams) 1810 960 w
(to) 2229 960 w
(implement) 2362 960 w
(network) 2915 960 w
(interfaces) 3342 960 w
(in) 3852 960 w
(the) 3978 960 w
(kernel) 4168 960 w
(allows) 4505 960 w
(pro\255) 4842 960 w
(tocols) 720 1080 w
(to) 1052 1080 w
(be) 1192 1080 w
(connected) 1353 1080 w
(together) 1894 1080 w
(dynamically,) 2348 1080 w
(such) 2992 1080 w
(as) 3260 1080 w
(to) 3409 1080 w
(attach) 3550 1080 w
(the) 3890 1080 w
(same) 4088 1080 w
(TTY) 4386 1080 w
(driver) 4617 1080 w
(to) 4942 1080 w
(TCP,) 720 1200 w
(URP,) 983 1200 w
(and) 1246 1200 w
(IL) 1470 1200 w
(connections,) 1596 1200 w
(but) 2255 1200 w
(Plan) 2461 1200 w
(9) 2706 1200 w
(makes) 2812 1200 w
(no) 3168 1200 w
(use) 3334 1200 w
(of) 3546 1200 w
(this) 3687 1200 w
(configurability.) 3909 1200 w
(\(It) 4715 1200 w
(was) 4857 1200 w
(exploited,) 720 1320 w
(however,) 1265 1320 w
(in) 1760 1320 w
(the) 1909 1320 w
(research) 2123 1320 w
(UNIX) 2595 1320 w
(system) 2889 1320 w
(for) 3288 1320 w
(which) 3486 1320 w
(streams) 3826 1320 w
(were) 4269 1320 w
(invented.\)) 4558 1320 w
(Replacing streams by static I/O queues would simplify the code and make it faster.) 720 1440 w
(Although) 970 1596 w
(the) 1453 1596 w
(main) 1647 1596 w
(Plan) 1925 1596 w
(9) 2165 1596 w
(kernel) 2267 1596 w
(is) 2609 1596 w
(portable) 2729 1596 w
(across) 3174 1596 w
(many) 3524 1596 w
(machines,) 3826 1596 w
(the) 4357 1596 w
(file) 4552 1596 w
(server) 4743 1596 w
(is) 720 1716 w
(implemented) 834 1716 w
(separately.) 1505 1716 w
(This) 2098 1716 w
(has) 2337 1716 w
(caused) 2539 1716 w
(several) 2910 1716 w
(problems:) 3283 1716 w
(drivers) 3805 1716 w
(that) 4171 1716 w
(must) 4395 1716 w
(be) 4671 1716 w
(writ\255) 4823 1716 w
(ten) 720 1836 w
(twice,) 910 1836 w
(bugs) 1227 1836 w
(that) 1501 1836 w
(must) 1728 1836 w
(be) 2007 1836 w
(fixed) 2162 1836 w
(twice,) 2444 1836 w
(and) 2762 1836 w
(weaker) 2978 1836 w
(portability) 3357 1836 w
(of) 3889 1836 w
(the) 4023 1836 w
(file) 4214 1836 w
(system) 4401 1836 w
(code.) 4777 1836 w
(The) 720 1956 w
(solution) 935 1956 w
(is) 1360 1956 w
(easy:) 1473 1956 w
(the) 1752 1956 w
(file) 1940 1956 w
(server) 2124 1956 w
(kernel) 2454 1956 w
(should) 2789 1956 w
(be) 3150 1956 w
(maintained) 3302 1956 w
(as) 3876 1956 w
(a) 4015 1956 w
(variant) 4103 1956 w
(of) 4467 1956 w
(the) 4598 1956 w
(regu\255) 4786 1956 w
(lar) 720 2076 w
(operating) 885 2076 w
(system,) 1391 2076 w
(with) 1803 2076 w
(no) 2048 2076 w
(user) 2212 2076 w
(processes) 2463 2076 w
(and) 2985 2076 w
(special) 3206 2076 w
(compiled-in) 3581 2076 w
(kernel) 4216 2076 w
(processes) 4559 2076 w
(to) 720 2196 w
(implement) 852 2196 w
(file) 1404 2196 w
(service.) 1589 2196 w
(Another) 2023 2196 w
(improvement) 2444 2196 w
(to) 3120 2196 w
(the) 3251 2196 w
(file) 3439 2196 w
(system) 3623 2196 w
(would) 3996 2196 w
(be) 4321 2196 w
(a) 4473 2196 w
(change) 4561 2196 w
(of) 4942 2196 w
(internal) 720 2316 w
(structure.) 1136 2316 w
(The) 1683 2316 w
(WORM) 1909 2316 w
(jukebox) 2267 2316 w
(is) 2703 2316 w
(the) 2828 2316 w
(least) 3028 2316 w
(reliable) 3301 2316 w
(piece) 3704 2316 w
(of) 4005 2316 w
(the) 4149 2316 w
(hardware,) 4350 2316 w
(but) 4878 2316 w
(because) 720 2436 w
(it) 1159 2436 w
(holds) 1270 2436 w
(the) 1581 2436 w
(metadata) 1781 2436 w
(of) 2277 2436 w
(the) 2420 2436 w
(file) 2620 2436 w
(system,) 2815 2436 w
(it) 3231 2436 w
(must) 3341 2436 w
(be) 3628 2436 w
(present) 3791 2436 w
(in) 4201 2436 w
(order) 4336 2436 w
(to) 4642 2436 w
(serve) 4784 2436 w
(files.) 720 2556 w
(The) 1024 2556 w
(system) 1243 2556 w
(could) 1621 2556 w
(be) 1925 2556 w
(restructured) 2082 2556 w
(so) 2719 2556 w
(the) 2870 2556 w
(WORM) 3064 2556 w
(is) 3416 2556 w
(a) 3535 2556 w
(backup) 3629 2556 w
(device) 4020 2556 w
(only,) 4366 2556 w
(with) 4641 2556 w
(the) 4885 2556 w
(file) 720 2676 w
(system) 922 2676 w
(proper) 1313 2676 w
(residing) 1689 2676 w
(on) 2133 2676 w
(magnetic) 2307 2676 w
(disks.) 2803 2676 w
(This) 3170 2676 w
(would) 3426 2676 w
(require) 3768 2676 w
(no) 4166 2676 w
(change) 4339 2676 w
(to) 4737 2676 w
(the) 4885 2676 w
(external interface.) 720 2796 w
(Although) 970 2952 w
(Plan) 1461 2952 w
(9) 1709 2952 w
(has) 1819 2952 w
(per-process) 2034 2952 w
(name) 2673 2952 w
(spaces,) 2986 2952 w
(it) 3392 2952 w
(has) 3505 2952 w
(no) 3721 2952 w
(mechanism) 3892 2952 w
(to) 4492 2952 w
(give) 4638 2952 w
(the) 4885 2952 w
(description) 720 3072 w
(of) 1304 3072 w
(a) 1443 3072 w
(process) 1539 3072 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 1913 3072 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 1945 3072 w
(name) 2037 3072 w
(space) 2344 3072 w
(to) 2661 3072 w
(another) 2800 3072 w
(process) 3215 3072 w
(except) 3630 3072 w
(by) 3995 3072 w
(direct) 4151 3072 w
(inheritance.) 4468 3072 w
(The) 720 3192 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cpu) 960 3192 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(command,) 1235 3192 w
(for) 1804 3192 w
(example,) 2002 3192 w
(cannot) 2506 3192 w
(in) 2893 3192 w
(general) 3043 3192 w
(reproduce) 3463 3192 w
(the) 4016 3192 w
(terminal) 4230 3192 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4632 3192 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 4664 3192 w
(name) 4774 3192 w
(space;) 720 3312 w
(it) 1065 3312 w
(can) 1168 3312 w
(only) 1373 3312 w
(re-interpret) 1614 3312 w
(the) 2228 3312 w
(user) 2420 3312 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 2630 3312 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 2662 3312 w
(login) 2749 3312 w
(profile) 3028 3312 w
(and) 3380 3312 w
(make) 3596 3312 w
(substitutions) 3894 3312 w
(for) 4562 3312 w
(things) 4737 3312 w
(like) 720 3432 w
(the) 928 3432 w
(name) 1119 3432 w
(of) 1422 3432 w
(the) 1557 3432 w
(binary) 1749 3432 w
(directory) 2088 3432 w
(to) 2556 3432 w
(load.) 2691 3432 w
(This) 3000 3432 w
(misses) 3242 3432 w
(any) 3610 3432 w
(local) 3816 3432 w
(modifications) 4078 3432 w
(made) 4773 3432 w
(before) 720 3552 w
(running) 1068 3552 w
10 /LucidaTypewriter f
(cpu) 1482 3552 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(.) 1698 3552 w
(It) 1796 3552 w
(should) 1895 3552 w
(instead) 2256 3552 w
(be) 2642 3552 w
(possible) 2794 3552 w
(to) 3230 3552 w
(capture) 3361 3552 w
(the) 3759 3552 w
(terminal) 3947 3552 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 4349 3552 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 4381 3552 w
(name) 4465 3552 w
(space) 4764 3552 w
(and transmit its description to a remote process.) 720 3672 w
(Despite) 970 3828 w
(these) 1385 3828 w
(problems,) 1695 3828 w
(Plan) 2232 3828 w
(9) 2481 3828 w
(works) 2592 3828 w
(well.) 2928 3828 w
(It) 3231 3828 w
(has) 3345 3828 w
(matured) 3562 3828 w
(into) 4018 3828 w
(the) 4256 3828 w
(system) 4460 3828 w
(that) 4849 3828 w
(supports) 720 3948 w
(our) 1182 3948 w
(research,) 1379 3948 w
(rather) 1857 3948 w
(than) 2182 3948 w
(being) 2431 3948 w
(the) 2736 3948 w
(subject) 2924 3948 w
(of the research itself.) 3307 3948 w
(Experimental) 4404 3948 w
(new) 720 4068 w
(work) 964 4068 w
(includes) 1250 4068 w
(developing) 1702 4068 w
(interfaces) 2284 4068 w
(to) 2808 4068 w
(faster) 2955 4068 w
(networks,) 3282 4068 w
(file) 3807 4068 w
(caching) 4008 4068 w
(in) 4430 4068 w
(the) 4571 4068 w
(client) 4776 4068 w
(kernel,) 720 4188 w
(encapsulating) 1106 4188 w
(and) 1832 4188 w
(exporting) 2064 4188 w
(name) 2588 4188 w
(spaces,) 2905 4188 w
(and) 3315 4188 w
(the) 3546 4188 w
(ability) 3752 4188 w
(to) 4097 4188 w
(re-establish) 4246 4188 w
(the) 4885 4188 w
(client) 720 4308 w
(state) 1020 4308 w
(after) 1292 4308 w
(a) 1554 4308 w
(server) 1645 4308 w
(crash.) 1978 4308 w
(Attention) 2338 4308 w
(is) 2824 4308 w
(now) 2940 4308 w
(focusing) 3176 4308 w
(on) 3627 4308 w
(using) 3787 4308 w
(the) 4090 4308 w
(system) 4282 4308 w
(to) 4659 4308 w
(build) 4794 4308 w
(distributed applications.) 720 4428 w
(One) 970 4584 w
(reason) 1207 4584 w
(for) 1574 4584 w
(Plan) 1754 4584 w
(9) 1996 4584 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031) 2059 4584 w
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(s) 2091 4584 w
(success) 2183 4584 w
(is) 2597 4584 w
(that) 2718 4584 w
(we) 2951 4584 w
(use) 3126 4584 w
(it) 3337 4584 w
(for) 3445 4584 w
(our) 3626 4584 w
(daily) 3832 4584 w
(work,) 4102 4584 w
(not) 4413 4584 w
(just) 4615 4584 w
(as) 4837 4584 w
(a) 4985 4584 w
(research) 720 4704 w
(tool.) 1173 4704 w
(Active) 1464 4704 w
(use) 1797 4704 w
(forces) 2005 4704 w
(us) 2341 4704 w
(to) 2493 4704 w
(address) 2630 4704 w
(shortcomings) 3049 4704 w
(as) 3749 4704 w
(they) 3894 4704 w
(arise) 4140 4704 w
(and) 4411 4704 w
(to) 4630 4704 w
(adapt) 4767 4704 w
(the) 720 4824 w
(system) 911 4824 w
(to) 1287 4824 w
(solve) 1421 4824 w
(our) 1706 4824 w
(problems.) 1907 4824 w
(Through) 2465 4824 w
(this) 2915 4824 w
(process,) 3131 4824 w
(Plan) 3574 4824 w
(9) 3812 4824 w
(has) 3912 4824 w
(become) 4117 4824 w
(a) 4534 4824 w
(comfort\255) 4626 4824 w
(able,) 720 4944 w
(productive) 1011 4944 w
(programming) 1581 4944 w
(environment,) 2298 4944 w
(as) 2996 4944 w
(well) 3157 4944 w
(as) 3403 4944 w
(a) 3564 4944 w
(vehicle) 3674 4944 w
(for) 4064 4944 w
(further) 4258 4944 w
(systems) 4649 4944 w
(research.) 720 5064 w
10 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(References) 720 5304 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
([9man]) 720 5440 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Plan) 1125 5440 w
(9) 1343 5440 w
(Programmer's) 1429 5440 w
(Manual,) 2089 5440 w
(Volume) 2470 5440 w
(1,) 2826 5440 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(AT&T) 2941 5440 w
(Bell) 3209 5440 w
(Laboratories,) 3392 5440 w
(Murray) 3994 5440 w
(Hill,) 4327 5440 w
(NJ,) 4530 5440 w
(1995.) 4683 5440 w
([ANSIC]) 720 5576 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(American) 1125 5576 w
(National) 1573 5576 w
(Standard) 1972 5576 w
(for) 2404 5576 w
(Information) 2561 5576 w
(Systems) 3106 5576 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\023) 3489 5576 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Programming) 3563 5576 w
(Language) 4197 5576 w
(C) 4657 5576 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4718 5576 w
(Amer\255) 4777 5576 w
(ican) 1125 5676 w
(National) 1332 5676 w
(Standards) 1724 5676 w
(Institute,) 2188 5676 w
(Inc.,) 2605 5676 w
(New) 2820 5676 w
(York,) 3035 5676 w
(1990.) 3293 5676 w
([Duff90]) 720 5812 w
(Tom) 1125 5812 w
(Duff,) 1350 5812 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 1598 5812 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Rc) 1656 5812 w
(-) 1788 5812 w
(A) 1869 5812 w
(Shell) 1960 5812 w
(for) 2196 5812 w
(Plan) 2350 5812 w
(9) 2561 5812 w
(and) 2647 5812 w
(UNIX) 2839 5812 w
(systems) 3080 5812 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 3432 5812 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3490 5812 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Proc.) 3548 5812 w
(of) 3797 5812 w
(the) 3912 5812 w
(Summer) 4080 5812 w
(1990) 4475 5812 w
(UKUUG) 4733 5812 w
(Conf.,) 1125 5912 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(London,) 1414 5912 w
(July,) 1799 5912 w
(1990,) 2014 5912 w
(pp.) 2300 5912 w
(21-33,) 2472 5912 w
(reprinted,) 2810 5912 w
(in) 3271 5912 w
(a) 3382 5912 w
(different) 3461 5912 w
(form,) 3865 5912 w
(in) 4132 5912 w
(this) 4243 5912 w
(volume.) 4433 5912 w
([Fra80]) 720 6048 w
(A.G.) 1125 6048 w
(Fraser,) 1346 6048 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 1680 6048 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Datakit) 1738 6048 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\023) 2086 6048 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(A) 2167 6048 w
(Modular) 2265 6048 w
(Network) 2659 6048 w
(for) 3058 6048 w
(Synchronous) 3220 6048 w
(and) 3816 6048 w
(Asynchronous) 4016 6048 w
(Traffic) 4671 6048 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 4953 6048 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 5011 6048 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Proc.) 1125 6148 w
(Int.) 1374 6148 w
(Conf.) 1548 6148 w
(on) 1808 6148 w
(Commun.,) 1944 6148 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(June) 2423 6148 w
(1980,) 2642 6148 w
(Boston,) 2928 6148 w
(MA.) 3283 6148 w
([FSSUTF]) 720 6284 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(File) 1125 6284 w
(System) 1374 6284 w
(Safe) 1784 6284 w
(UCS) 2071 6284 w
(Transformation) 2344 6284 w
(Format) 3132 6284 w
(\(FSS-UTF\),) 3549 6284 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(X/Open) 4112 6284 w
(Preliminary) 4551 6284 w
(Specification,) 1125 6384 w
(1993.) 1755 6384 w
(ISO) 2088 6384 w
(designation) 2280 6384 w
(is) 2838 6384 w
(ISO/IEC) 2957 6384 w
(JTC1/SC2/WG2) 3334 6384 w
(N) 4048 6384 w
(1036,) 4162 6384 w
(dated) 4466 6384 w
(1994-) 4760 6384 w
(08-01.) 1125 6484 w
([ISO10646]) 720 6620 w
(ISO/IEC) 1250 6620 w
(DIS) 1620 6620 w
(10646-1:1993) 1803 6620 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Information) 2494 6620 w
(technology) 3050 6620 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\023) 3562 6620 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Universal) 3647 6620 w
(Multiple-Octet) 4096 6620 w
(Coded) 4770 6620 w
(Character) 1125 6720 w
(Set) 1594 6720 w
(\(UCS\)) 1755 6720 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\024) 2017 6720 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Part) 2136 6720 w
(1:) 2349 6720 w
(Architecture) 2464 6720 w
(and) 3033 6720 w
(Basic) 3228 6720 w
(Multilingual) 3480 6720 w
(Plane.) 4026 6720 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
([Kill84]) 720 6856 w
(T.J.) 1125 6856 w
(Killian,) 1300 6856 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 1630 6856 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Processes) 1688 6856 w
(as) 2146 6856 w
(Files) 2274 6856 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 2471 6856 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2529 6856 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(USENIX) 2590 6856 w
(Summer) 2933 6856 w
(1984) 3330 6856 w
(Conf.) 3590 6856 w
(Proc.,) 3854 6856 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(June) 4136 6856 w
(1984,) 4359 6856 w
(Salt) 4649 6856 w
(Lake) 4840 6856 w
(City,) 1125 6956 w
(UT.) 1351 6956 w
([LABW91]) 720 7092 w
(Butler) 1163 7092 w
(Lampson,) 1447 7092 w
(Mart\355n) 1902 7092 w
(Abadi,) 2211 7092 w
(Michael) 2522 7092 w
(Burrows,) 2883 7092 w
(and) 3294 7092 w
(Edward) 3488 7092 w
(Wobber,) 3838 7092 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 4231 7092 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Authentication) 4289 7092 w
(in) 4958 7092 w
(Distributed) 1125 7192 w
(Systems:) 1660 7192 w
(Theory) 2090 7192 w
(and) 2438 7192 w
(Practice) 2647 7192 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 2985 7192 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3043 7192 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Proc.) 3118 7192 w
(13th) 3384 7192 w
(ACM) 3634 7192 w
(Symp.) 3878 7192 w
(on) 4191 7192 w
(Op.) 4343 7192 w
(Sys.) 4542 7192 w
(Princ.,) 4760 7192 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Asilomar,) 1125 7292 w
(1991,) 1569 7292 w
(pp.) 1855 7292 w
(165-182.) 2027 7292 w
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22 pagesetup
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\255 22 \255) 2764 470 w
([MBSS87]) 720 820 w
(S.) 1153 820 w
(P.) 1263 820 w
(Miller,) 1374 820 w
(B.) 1677 820 w
(C.) 1790 820 w
(Neumann,) 1914 820 w
(J.) 2395 820 w
(I.) 2485 820 w
(Schiller,) 2573 820 w
(and) 2951 820 w
(J.) 3147 820 w
(H.) 3237 820 w
(Saltzer,) 3366 820 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 3724 820 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Kerberos) 3782 820 w
(Authentication) 4206 820 w
(and) 4877 820 w
(Authorization) 1125 920 w
(System) 1750 920 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 2059 920 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2117 920 w
(Massachusetts) 2175 920 w
(Institute) 2839 920 w
(of) 3227 920 w
(Technology,) 3344 920 w
(1987.) 3906 920 w
([NBS77]) 720 1056 w
(National) 1125 1056 w
(Bureau) 1556 1056 w
(of) 1926 1056 w
(Standards) 2083 1056 w
(\(U.S.\),) 2587 1056 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Federal) 2914 1056 w
(Information) 3307 1056 w
(Processing) 3892 1056 w
(Standard) 4425 1056 w
(46,) 4897 1056 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(National) 1125 1156 w
(Technical) 1517 1156 w
(Information) 1959 1156 w
(Service,) 2499 1156 w
(Springfield,) 2862 1156 w
(VA,) 3393 1156 w
(1977.) 3572 1156 w
([Nee89]) 720 1292 w
(R.) 1125 1292 w
(Needham,) 1240 1292 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 1712 1292 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Names) 1770 1292 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 2067 1292 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2125 1292 w
(in) 2183 1292 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Distributed) 2294 1292 w
(systems,) 2811 1292 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(S.) 3217 1292 w
(Mullender,) 3324 1292 w
(ed.,) 3817 1292 w
(Addison) 4011 1292 w
(Wesley,) 4399 1292 w
(1989) 4753 1292 w
([NeHe82]) 720 1428 w
(R.M.) 1196 1428 w
(Needham) 1456 1428 w
(and) 1939 1428 w
(A.J.) 2171 1428 w
(Herbert,) 2388 1428 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(The) 2817 1428 w
(Cambridge) 3046 1428 w
(Distributed) 3597 1428 w
(Computing) 4154 1428 w
(System,) 4701 1428 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Addison-Wesley,) 1125 1528 w
(London,) 1890 1528 w
(1982) 2275 1528 w
([Neu92]) 720 1664 w
(B.) 1125 1664 w
(Clifford) 1248 1664 w
(Neuman,) 1619 1664 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 2053 1664 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 2111 1664 w
(Prospero) 2316 1664 w
(File) 2745 1664 w
(System) 2938 1664 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 3247 1664 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3305 1664 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(USENIX) 3376 1664 w
(File) 3729 1664 w
(Systems) 3920 1664 w
(Workshop) 4316 1664 w
(Proc.,) 4791 1664 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Ann) 1125 1764 w
(Arbor,) 1328 1764 w
(1992,) 1634 1764 w
(pp.) 1920 1764 w
(13-28.) 2092 1764 w
([OCDNW88]) 720 1900 w
(John) 1282 1900 w
(Ousterhout,) 1522 1900 w
(Andrew) 2088 1900 w
(Cherenson,) 2464 1900 w
(Fred) 3006 1900 w
(Douglis,) 3244 1900 w
(Mike) 3651 1900 w
(Nelson,) 3901 1900 w
(and) 4275 1900 w
(Brent) 4483 1900 w
(Welch,) 4756 1900 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 1125 2000 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 1183 2000 w
(Sprite) 1375 2000 w
(Network) 1656 2000 w
(Operating) 2048 2000 w
(System) 2512 2000 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 2821 2000 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2879 2000 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(IEEE) 2937 2000 w
(Computer,) 3142 2000 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(21\(2\),) 3632 2000 w
(23-38,) 3921 2000 w
(Feb.) 4259 2000 w
(1988.) 4473 2000 w
([Pike87]) 720 2136 w
(Rob) 1125 2136 w
(Pike,) 1323 2136 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 1559 2136 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 1617 2136 w
(Text) 1809 2136 w
(Editor) 2033 2136 w
9 /LucidaTypewriter f
(sam) 2320 2136 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 2515 2136 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2573 2136 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Software) 2632 2136 w
(-) 3047 2136 w
(Practice) 3134 2136 w
(and) 3512 2136 w
(Experience,) 3708 2136 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Nov) 4235 2136 w
(1987,) 4434 2136 w
9 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(17) 4721 2136 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\(11\),) 4837 2136 w
(pp.) 1125 2236 w
(813-845;) 1297 2236 w
(reprinted) 1749 2236 w
(in) 2181 2236 w
(this) 2292 2236 w
(volume.) 2482 2236 w
([Pike91]) 720 2372 w
(Rob) 1125 2372 w
(Pike,) 1325 2372 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 1563 2372 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(8\275,) 1621 2372 w
(the) 1810 2372 w
(Plan) 1980 2372 w
(9) 2193 2372 w
(Window) 2282 2372 w
(System) 2654 2372 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 2963 2372 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3021 2372 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(USENIX) 3082 2372 w
(Summer) 3425 2372 w
(Conf.) 3822 2372 w
(Proc.,) 4085 2372 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Nashville,) 4366 2372 w
(June,) 4821 2372 w
(1991,) 1125 2472 w
(pp.) 1411 2472 w
(257-265,) 1583 2472 w
(reprinted) 2035 2472 w
(in) 2467 2472 w
(this) 2578 2472 w
(volume.) 2768 2472 w
([Pike93]) 720 2608 w
(Rob) 1125 2608 w
(Pike) 1344 2608 w
(and) 1572 2608 w
(Ken) 1785 2608 w
(Thompson,) 2000 2608 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 2545 2608 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Hello) 2603 2608 w
(World) 2877 2608 w
(or) 3179 2608 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode03 f
(\232\261\273\267\274\255\301\261) 3321 2608 w
(\272\314\303\274\265) 3830 2608 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(or) 4150 2608 w
 save 4265 2608 m
 currentpoint translate 10 10 scale ptsize dup scale
 24 24 true [24 0 0 -24 0 22]
 {<00000000000002000001f000007fc00007c0001c000060000000000000000000000000000000000000000800001000001000001000001000000c000007fff001fff0000000000000>}
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 save 4360 2608 m
 currentpoint translate 10 10 scale ptsize dup scale
 24 24 true [24 0 0 -24 0 22]
 {<000000001800000c00001c0000180000380000300000600000600000c0000080000180000300000270000798000e18000c1802181806180c0c300c18700c70600fe0600780000000>}
 imagemask restore
 save 4455 2608 m
 currentpoint translate 10 10 scale ptsize dup scale
 24 24 true [24 0 0 -24 0 22]
 {<0000000800000c00000c00000c01e00c0ff818303c1800601800801800001000003000003000003100003100003210003220003220001430001c1ffe1c07fc0c0000080000000000>}
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 save 4550 2608 m
 currentpoint translate 10 10 scale ptsize dup scale
 24 24 true [24 0 0 -24 0 22]
 {<01800000c00000c00000800001860021bf003fe0001980000100000100000300000303c0021c3002701802c00c07000c07000c0600180000380000700000e0000380001c00000000>}
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 save 4645 2608 m
 currentpoint translate 10 10 scale ptsize dup scale
 24 24 true [24 0 0 -24 0 22]
 {<0000003001801800601c006018006018004018004030204e301ffc300c403000402000406000406400406400606400606c0060680fe028307038407c3840ee183fc6100f00000000>}
 imagemask restore
 save 4763 2608 m
 currentpoint translate 10 10 scale ptsize dup scale
 24 24 true [24 0 0 -24 0 22]
 {<071c70061860061860061860061860061860061860061866ffffff061860061860061860061860061860061860061fe006186006186006000006000006000006000c07fffe060000>}
 imagemask restore
 save 4858 2608 m
 currentpoint translate 10 10 scale ptsize dup scale
 24 24 true [24 0 0 -24 0 22]
 {<0800300ffff80c18300c18300c18300ffff00c18300c18300c18300ffff00c743000e20001c1800300e00ee1ff38c19ec0c18600c18000c18000c1800181800181800301800c0180>}
 imagemask restore
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 4953 2608 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 5011 2608 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(USENIX) 1125 2708 w
(Winter) 1465 2708 w
(Conf.) 1781 2708 w
(Proc.,) 2041 2708 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(San) 2319 2708 w
(Diego,) 2503 2708 w
(1993,) 2816 2708 w
(pp.) 3102 2708 w
(43-50,) 3274 2708 w
(reprinted) 3612 2708 w
(in) 4044 2708 w
(this) 4155 2708 w
(volume.) 4345 2708 w
([Pike94]) 720 2844 w
(Rob) 1125 2844 w
(Pike,) 1332 2844 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 1577 2844 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Acme:) 1635 2844 w
(A) 1945 2844 w
(User) 2046 2844 w
(Interface) 2280 2844 w
(for) 2700 2844 w
(Programmers) 2864 2844 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 3450 2844 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3508 2844 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(USENIX) 3576 2844 w
(Proc.) 3926 2844 w
(of) 4185 2844 w
(the) 4309 2844 w
(Winter) 4486 2844 w
(1994) 4812 2844 w
(Conf.,) 1125 2944 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(San) 1414 2944 w
(Francisco,) 1598 2944 w
(CA,) 2067 2944 w
([Pike95]) 720 3080 w
(Rob) 1125 3080 w
(Pike,) 1325 3080 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 1563 3080 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(How) 1621 3080 w
(to) 1844 3080 w
(Use) 1964 3080 w
(the) 2154 3080 w
(Plan) 2325 3080 w
(9) 2539 3080 w
(C) 2628 3080 w
(Compiler) 2722 3080 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 3119 3080 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3177 3080 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Plan) 3238 3080 w
(9) 3459 3080 w
(Programmer's) 3548 3080 w
(Manual,) 4211 3080 w
(Volume) 4595 3080 w
(2,) 4954 3080 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(AT&T) 1125 3180 w
(Bell) 1393 3180 w
(Laboratories,) 1576 3180 w
(Murray) 2178 3180 w
(Hill,) 2511 3180 w
(NJ,) 2714 3180 w
(1995.) 2867 3180 w
([POSIX]) 720 3316 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Information) 1125 3316 w
(Technology) 1693 3316 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\024) 2187 3316 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Portable) 2277 3316 w
(Operating) 2693 3316 w
(System) 3187 3316 w
(Interface) 3549 3316 w
(\(POSIX\)) 3990 3316 w
(Part) 4356 3316 w
(1:) 4592 3316 w
(System) 4730 3316 w
(Application) 1125 3416 w
(Program) 1645 3416 w
(Interface) 2057 3416 w
(\(API\)) 2475 3416 w
([C) 2704 3416 w
(Language],) 2824 3416 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(IEEE,) 3342 3416 w
(New) 3573 3416 w
(York,) 3788 3416 w
(1990.) 4046 3416 w
([PPTTW93]) 720 3552 w
(Rob) 1215 3552 w
(Pike,) 1414 3552 w
(Dave) 1652 3552 w
(Presotto,) 1898 3552 w
(Ken) 2317 3552 w
(Thompson,) 2513 3552 w
(Howard) 3039 3552 w
(Trickey,) 3405 3552 w
(and) 3780 3552 w
(Phil) 3974 3552 w
(Winterbottom,) 4163 3552 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 4819 3552 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 4877 3552 w
(Use) 1125 3652 w
(of) 1325 3652 w
(Name) 1455 3652 w
(Spaces) 1748 3652 w
(in) 2088 3652 w
(Plan) 2212 3652 w
(9) 2436 3652 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 2493 3652 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 2551 3652 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Op.) 2622 3652 w
(Sys.) 2818 3652 w
(Rev.,) 3033 3652 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Vol.) 3287 3652 w
(27,) 3497 3652 w
(No.) 3681 3652 w
(2,) 3873 3652 w
(April) 4000 3652 w
(1993,) 4249 3652 w
(pp.) 4547 3652 w
(72-76,) 4731 3652 w
(reprinted) 1125 3752 w
(in) 1557 3752 w
(this) 1668 3752 w
(volume.) 1858 3752 w
([Presotto]Dave) 720 3888 w
(Presotto,) 1391 3888 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 1816 3888 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Multiprocessor) 1874 3888 w
(Streams) 2558 3888 w
(for) 2944 3888 w
(Plan) 3106 3888 w
(9) 3326 3888 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 3383 3888 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3441 3888 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(UKUUG) 3508 3888 w
(Summer) 3853 3888 w
(1990) 4256 3888 w
(Conf.) 4522 3888 w
(Proc.,) 4791 3888 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(July) 1125 3988 w
(1990,) 1311 3988 w
(pp.) 1597 3988 w
(11-19.) 1769 3988 w
([PrWi93]) 720 4124 w
(Dave) 1125 4124 w
(Presotto) 1372 4124 w
(and) 1763 4124 w
(Phil) 1958 4124 w
(Winterbottom,) 2148 4124 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 2806 4124 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 2864 4124 w
(Organization) 3060 4124 w
(of) 3659 4124 w
(Networks) 3780 4124 w
(in) 4222 4124 w
(Plan) 4337 4124 w
(9) 4552 4124 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 4609 4124 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 4667 4124 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(USENIX) 4729 4124 w
(Proc.) 1125 4224 w
(of) 1374 4224 w
(the) 1488 4224 w
(Winter) 1655 4224 w
(1993) 1971 4224 w
(Conf.,) 2228 4224 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(San) 2517 4224 w
(Diego,) 2701 4224 w
(CA,) 3014 4224 w
(pp.) 3196 4224 w
(43-50,) 3368 4224 w
(reprinted) 3706 4224 w
(in) 4138 4224 w
(this) 4249 4224 w
(volume.) 4439 4224 w
([PrWi95]) 720 4360 w
(Dave) 1125 4360 w
(Presotto) 1378 4360 w
(and) 1775 4360 w
(Phil) 1977 4360 w
(Winterbottom,) 2174 4360 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 2838 4360 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 2896 4360 w
(IL) 3098 4360 w
(Protocol) 3211 4360 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 3568 4360 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3626 4360 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Plan) 3694 4360 w
(9) 3922 4360 w
(Programmer's) 4018 4360 w
(Manual,) 4688 4360 w
(Volume) 1125 4460 w
(2,) 1481 4460 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(AT&T) 1596 4460 w
(Bell) 1864 4460 w
(Laboratories,) 2047 4460 w
(Murray) 2649 4460 w
(Hill,) 2982 4460 w
(NJ,) 3185 4460 w
(1995.) 3338 4460 w
([RFC768]) 720 4596 w
(J.) 1198 4596 w
(Postel,) 1335 4596 w
(RFC768,) 1704 4596 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(User) 2152 4596 w
(Datagram) 2429 4596 w
(Protocol,) 2957 4596 w
(DARPA) 3419 4596 w
(Internet) 3799 4596 w
(Program) 4224 4596 w
(Protocol) 4687 4596 w
(Specification,) 1125 4696 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(August) 1734 4696 w
(1980.) 2072 4696 w
([RFC793]) 720 4832 w
(RFC793,) 1152 4832 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Transmission) 1553 4832 w
(Control) 2171 4832 w
(Protocol,) 2527 4832 w
(DARPA) 2943 4832 w
(Internet) 3277 4832 w
(Program) 3656 4832 w
(Protocol) 4073 4832 w
(Specification,) 4460 4832 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(September) 1125 4932 w
(1981.) 1621 4932 w
([Rao91]) 720 5068 w
(Herman) 1125 5068 w
(Chung-Hwa) 1500 5068 w
(Rao,) 2055 5068 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(The) 2277 5068 w
(Jade) 2468 5068 w
(File) 2694 5068 w
(System,) 2874 5068 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\(Ph.) 3244 5068 w
(D.) 3440 5068 w
(Dissertation\),) 3568 5068 w
(Dept.) 4184 5068 w
(of) 4452 5068 w
(Comp.) 4571 5068 w
(Sci,) 4890 5068 w
(University) 1125 5168 w
(of) 1584 5168 w
(Arizona,) 1701 5168 w
(TR) 2096 5168 w
(91-18.) 2239 5168 w
([Rit84]) 720 5304 w
(D.M.) 1125 5304 w
(Ritchie,) 1397 5304 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 1789 5304 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(A) 1847 5304 w
(Stream) 1978 5304 w
(Input-Output) 2351 5304 w
(System) 3006 5304 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 3315 5304 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3373 5304 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(AT&T) 3472 5304 w
(Bell) 3779 5304 w
(Laboratories) 4002 5304 w
(Technical) 4627 5304 w
(Journal,) 1125 5404 w
9 /LucidaSans-Demi f
(63) 1507 5404 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(\(8\),) 1623 5404 w
(October,) 1798 5404 w
(1984.) 2204 5404 w
([Tric95]) 720 5540 w
(Howard) 1125 5540 w
(Trickey,) 1499 5540 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 1882 5540 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(APE) 1940 5540 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\024) 2140 5540 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 2269 5540 w
(ANSI/POSIX) 2471 5540 w
(Environment) 3015 5540 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 3564 5540 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3622 5540 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Plan) 3691 5540 w
(9) 3920 5540 w
(Programmer's) 4017 5540 w
(Manual,) 4688 5540 w
(Volume) 1125 5640 w
(2,) 1481 5640 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(AT&T) 1596 5640 w
(Bell) 1864 5640 w
(Laboratories,) 2047 5640 w
(Murray) 2649 5640 w
(Hill,) 2982 5640 w
(NJ,) 3185 5640 w
(1995.) 3338 5640 w
([Unicode]) 720 5776 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(The) 1132 5776 w
(Unicode) 1349 5776 w
(Standard,) 1749 5776 w
(Worldwide) 2239 5776 w
(Character) 2751 5776 w
(Encoding,) 3249 5776 w
(Version) 3730 5776 w
(1.0,) 4118 5776 w
(Volume) 4348 5776 w
(1,) 4733 5776 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(The) 4877 5776 w
(Unicode) 1125 5876 w
(Consortium,) 1506 5876 w
(Addison) 2074 5876 w
(Wesley,) 2462 5876 w
(New) 2816 5876 w
(York,) 3031 5876 w
(1991.) 3289 5876 w
([UNIX85]) 720 6012 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(UNIX) 1125 6012 w
(Time-Sharing) 1391 6012 w
(System) 2058 6012 w
(Programmer's) 2423 6012 w
(Manual,) 3109 6012 w
(Research) 3516 6012 w
(Version,) 3967 6012 w
(Eighth) 4381 6012 w
(Edition,) 4713 6012 w
(Volume) 1125 6112 w
(1.) 1481 6112 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(AT&T) 1625 6112 w
(Bell) 1893 6112 w
(Laboratories,) 2076 6112 w
(Murray) 2678 6112 w
(Hill,) 3011 6112 w
(NJ,) 3214 6112 w
(1985.) 3367 6112 w
([Welc94]) 720 6248 w
(Brent) 1125 6248 w
(Welch,) 1408 6248 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 1747 6248 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(A) 1805 6248 w
(Comparison) 1922 6248 w
(of) 2505 6248 w
(Three) 2648 6248 w
(Distributed) 2954 6248 w
(File) 3499 6248 w
(System) 3706 6248 w
(Architectures:) 4071 6248 w
(Vnode,) 4734 6248 w
(Sprite,) 1125 6348 w
(and) 1435 6348 w
(Plan) 1627 6348 w
(9) 1838 6348 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 1895 6348 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 1953 6348 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Computing) 2011 6348 w
(Systems,) 2518 6348 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(7\(2\),) 2930 6348 w
(pp.) 3162 6348 w
(175-199,) 3334 6348 w
(Spring,) 3786 6348 w
(1994.) 4125 6348 w
([Wint95]) 720 6484 w
(Phil) 1125 6484 w
(Winterbottom,) 1329 6484 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\030\030) 2000 6484 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(Alef) 2058 6484 w
(Language) 2276 6484 w
(Reference) 2745 6484 w
(Manual) 3221 6484 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode20 f
(\031\031) 3536 6484 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(,) 3594 6484 w
9 /LucidaSans-Italic f
(Plan) 3670 6484 w
(9) 3906 6484 w
(Programmer's) 4010 6484 w
(Manual,) 4688 6484 w
(Volume) 1125 6584 w
(2,) 1481 6584 w
9 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
(AT&T) 1596 6584 w
(Bell) 1864 6584 w
(Laboratories,) 2047 6584 w
(Murray) 2649 6584 w
(Hill,) 2982 6584 w
(NJ,) 3185 6584 w
(1995.) 3338 6584 w
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