Tip o' the day
D1273172287
Auriel
#See also the [Tips and tricks | http://ninetimes.cat-v.org/tips/]
#section of [9times | http://ninetimes.cat-v.org].
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#[Shell tips | #SHELL_TIPS] | [Acme tips | #ACME_TIPS] | [Plumbing
#tips | #PLUMBING_TIPS] | [Dump and fossil tips |
##DUMP_AND_FOSSIL_TIPS] | [Debugging tips | #DEBUGGING_TIPS]|
#[Networking tips | #NETWORKING_TIPS] | [Misc tips | #MISC_TIPS]
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#
#SHELL TIPS
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#(Based in a post by Mike Haertel: [http://tinyurl.com/arnnd])
#
#To run u9fs without inetd (from a Plan 9 host):
#
#! 	% ssh myname@remotehost u9fs -a none -u myname <[0=1] | echo 0 >/srv/remotehost 
#! 	% mount /srv/remotehost /n/kremvax
#
#You could also simply use srvssh or srv -e, see srv(4), but this
#example goes to explaining /srv. Newsham explains: You can establish
#a two way pipe to a command in /srv:
#
#! 	% cmd <[0=1] | echo 0 > /srv/name
#
#and then access /srv/name to communicate with the command, c.f.
#srv(3). As an example:
#
#! 	% mail <[0=1] | echo 0 > /srv/mailcons 
#! 	% con -l /srv/mailcons ...
#! 	connected to mail until ^\ quit ... 
#! 	% con -l /srv/mailcons ...
#! 	connected again ...
#
#will let you detach and re-attach to the pipe to a long-lived mail
#command.
#
#! 	{while () dc} <[0=1]|echo 0>/srv/calc
#
#will make /srv/calc a connection to dc, and restart dc if it is quit.
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#! 	fn f { du -a $* | sed 's/^.*    //g' }    <-- that whitespace is a tab 
#Tree enumerator (simple "find") useful for many purposes
#
#! 	fn s { lc *.[chsyl] } 
#List out the sources in the current directory.
#
#! 	fn gn { grep -n $* /dev/null } 
#Grep, but force listing of filename:lineno so you can click on an
#entry to jump to it in an editor.
#
#! 	fn g { grep -n $* *.[chsyl] /dev/null } 
#gn on all sources in the current directory
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To set your prompt in rc to reflect your current directory add this
#to your profile.
#
#! fn cd { builtin cd $* && prompt=(`{pwd}^% '' ) }
#
#If you make frequent use of cpu's -h and -u arguments, this variant
#keeps track of the host you are connected to, and as which user:
#
#! prompt = (`{cat /dev/user}^@^`{cat /dev/sysname}^'% '  '	')
#! fn `{echo $prompt(1) | tr -d ' 	'} { $* }
#
#The second line ensures the prompt is a no-op for 9term's send
#operation. (The quoted string in the tr command contains a space and
#a tab.)
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#ACME TIPS
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To search backwards for 'foobar' right-click on:
#!       :-/foobar
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#Selection tricks:
#
# *	Press Esc to select the last typed text, press Esc again to
#	delete any selected text.
#
# *	To select the whole file execute: Edit ,
# *	If you are lazy, you can "look" for :,
#
# *	To select the text delimited by {}, () or [] you can double click
#	to the right of the opening char or on the closing char.
#
# *	Double click before the start or end of a line to select the
#	whole line.
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To find out the current line number execute: Edit =
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#Rather than setting up acme each time you start it, running stuff
#like /acme/mail/Mail can be done automatically if you make a dump
#file. Just setup acme the way you like it, then click on the "Dump"
#tag, this makes the file acme.dump copy this file to another
#location like acmemail.dump. Now to load your configuration start
#acme like:
#! 	acme -l acmemail.dump
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#Here is the function to start acme mail in its own rio window, it
#contains my favorite fonts here, but you can make your own file by
#starting Mail and issuing a 'Dump' command, then cp-ing acme.dump to
#acmemail.dump:
#
#! 	% cat /env/'fn#amail' 
#! 	fn amail {acme -l $home^/acmemail.dump} 
#
#! 	% cat $home/acmemail.dump 
#! 	/usr/andrey 
#! 	/lib/font/bit/10646/7x13/7x13.font 
#! 	/lib/font/bit/10646/7x13/7x13.font 
#! 	 0 e 0 0 0 0 1 1 49 143 0 0 /mail/fs/mbox/ Del Snarf | Look Put Mail Delmesg 
#! 	/acme/mail 
#! 	Mail mbox 
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#/acme/mail/Mail has -s and -S options to reduce the size of the
#headers it adds.
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#Acme cd to keep the tag line up to date:
#! 	fn cd { builtin cd $* && awd $sysname }
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#! 	/rc/bin/wurl2txt http://www.website.com
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#A function to clear a "win" session in an acme window.
#
#! 	fn winclear {
#! 	echo -n Edit ,d > /dev/acme/body
#! 	echo -n /Edit ,d/ > /dev/acme/addr
#! 	echo -n 'dot=addr' > /dev/acme/ctl
#! 	cat /dev/acme/addr | awk '{printf("MX%s %s\n", $1, $2)}' > /dev/acme/event
#! 	}
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To execute rc functions defined in your profile, prefix the function
#name with a semicolon. This will force acme to use rc to interpret
#the command.
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To set the rio label of an acme window, execute the following text:
#
#! 	Local echo -n 'new label' > /dev/label
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#
#DUMP AND FOSSIL TIPS
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To get the last valid venti archive score:
#! 	fossil/last /dev/sdC0/fossil
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To discard old snapshots in fossil:
#! 	snapclean timeout_in_min 
#
#See fossilcons(8).
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#Loading old backups into fossil
#
#In this example we have cdrom of the user fred's home dir from
#01/04/2001
#
#! 	@{cd /n/cdrom/fred && tar cf /fd/1 .}|@{cd /n/boot/usr/fred/tmp/2001/0104/usr && tar xTf /fd/0}
#and then on the fossil console type prompt:
#! 	fsys main snap -a -s /active/usr/fred/tmp/2002 -d /archive/2002
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#Accessing the dump of another file system:
#
#! 	% 9fs sources 
#! 	% 9fs sourcesdump 
#! 	% history -d sourcesdump /n/sources/plan9/sys/src/cmd/ls.c 
#! 	Jul  1 20:32:24 MDT 2004 /n/sources/plan9/sys/src/cmd/ls.c 5400 [jmk] 
#! 	Jul  1 20:32:24 MDT 2004 /n/sourcesdump/2005/0215/plan9/sys/src/cmd/ls.c 5400 [jmk] 
#! 	...
#
#Note that for sources it's enough to do:
#! % 9fs sources
#! history /n/sources/plan9/sys/src/cmd/ls.c
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#PLUMBING TIPS
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#Local is in the plumbing rules as this :
#! 	type	is	text
#! 	data	matches	'Local (.*)'
#! 	plumb	to	none
#! 	plumb	start	rc -c $1
#
#So one can plumb a command and any adjustments to the namespace will
#be reflected across the same processes as covered by the instance of
#the plumber.
#
#Then you can plumb:
#!        Local bind -c /n/unix/some/awfully/long/path/name /n/anything 
#
#This is particularly useful if one wants to page something one has
#found in Acme.
#
#A little shell script, "local" completes the picture:
#!        #!/bin/rc 
#!        plumb 'Local ' ^ $"* 
#
#And /n/anything is immediately visible everywhere (including in
#cpu's shells under /mnt/term) and i can plumb files in it without
#any further hassle.
#
#This is great when constantly dealing with namespaces that come and
#go (and particularly since i can import namespaces directly from
#Inferno, which means it's easy to gateway across to Windows
#machines).
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To plumb web links to a Windows web browser (in a vnc window) look
#at: [/sys/src/cmd/unix/winplumb.c |
#http://www.tip9ug.jp/magic/srcgw/sys/src/cmd/unix/winplumb.c].
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#DEBUGGING TIPS
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#When you see something like this on the console:
#! 	 lock 0x802fe414 loop key 0xdeaddead pc 0x801a25b5 held by pc 0x801a281c proc 3974
#! 	3979: cat pc 801b0ce3 dbgpc 2ae5 Fault (Running) ut 0st 370 bss 7000qpc 801a87f3 nl 0 nd 0 lpc 80125493 pri 3
#try:
#! 	acid /386/9pcf (or whatever)
#! 	src(0x801a25b5)
#! 	src(0x801a281c)
#and see what locks were used.
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To make a core image from a Broken process using snap(4):
#! 	snap -o imgfile pid_of_Broken_process
#! 	snapfs imgfile
#! 	acid pid_of_the_image
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#Things to try if your machine is very sick or hung
#
#This text is lifted from the BUGS section of the cons(1) manpage
#
#For debugging, two control-T's followed by a letter generate console
#output and manage debugging: `^T^Td' toggles whether the console
#debugger will be run if the system fails. `^T^TD' starts the console
#debugger immediately. `^T^Tk' kills the largest process; use with
#care. `^T^Tp' prints data about processes. `^T^Tq' prints the run
#queue for pro- cessor 0. `^T^Ts' prints the kernel stack. `^T^Tx'
#prints data about kernel memory allocation.
#
#The system can be rebooted by typing `^T^Tr'.
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#Use getcallerpc(2) to record a function's caller for debugging.
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#NETWORKING TIPS
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To turn on debug on ndb/dns:
#! echo -n debug > /net/dns
#then look into /sys/log/dns
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To tunnel out through a restrictive firewall to another Plan 9 box.
#
#On the internal machine run:
#
#! 	inside%  cpu -c 'rm -f /srv/inside ; srvfs inside /mnt/term ; while() sleep 600'
#
#To see files on the machine you can see internal files with:
#
#! 	outside% mount /srv/inside /n/inside
#
#You can then do the following to cpu to the internal machine:
#
#! 	outside% bind /n/inside/net /net.alt
#! 	outside% cpu -h /net.alt/tcp!inside
#
#The network peformance from outside to inside is pretty miserable,
#but this can be partially mitigated by cpu'ing to inside and
#starting any file copies from there.
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To refresh cs *NOW* after changing /lib/ndb/local:
#! 	echo -n refresh > /net/cs
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#Use httpfile(4) to view an ISO on a HTTP server without downloading
#it locally:
#! 	ip/httpfile -m /tmp http://www.9grid.de/plan9/plan9.iso
#! 	9660srv
#! 	mount -c /srv/9660 /n/cdrom /tmp/plan9.iso
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#Tips for connecting to a Unix machine:
# *	Install fgb's openssh package
# *	Use vt and switch to raw mode after connecting
# *	It helps to have a good font;
#	/lib/font/bit/fixed/unicode.7x13.font works well.
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#
#MISC TIPS
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#Almost anywhere (sam(1), acme(1), window(1)) you can use the
#following shortcuts:
#! ^U Delete from cursor position to start of line
#! ^W Delete the word to the left of the cursor
#! ^H Delete the character to the left of cursor (same as backspace)
#
#(^U Means Ctrl-U and so on...)
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#In the installer prompt, you can use the special magic ! command to
#excute any external command. For example to get a shell enter:
#! 	!rc
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#If you want to watch how 9p works between client and server, use
#iostats(4).
#! 	iostats -df /fd/1 rc
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To burn CD using cdfs(4):
#! 	cdfs
#! 	cp some.iso /mnt/cd/wd
#! 	rm /mnt/cd/wd
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#You can use stub(8) to provide single file mount points in a similar
#way to how mntgen(4) provides a directory of them.
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#! 	fn c {history -D /$1} 
#
#so you can paste the output of replica/pull somewhere.
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To look for a function definition from the manual pages, use sig(1):
#! 	% sig memmove
#! 	void* memmove(void *s1, void *s2, long n)
#
#To open (plumb) the source file for an executable use src(1):
#! 	% src ls
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To build a kernel without write permisions to the source tree:
#
#! 	mkdir -p $home/src/kernel/ ^ (pc boot ip port) 
#! 	for (i in pc boot ip port) { 
#! 	       bind -c $home/src/kernel/$i $home/src/kernel/$i 
#! 	       bind -a /sys/src/9/$i $home/src/kernel/$i 
#! 	} 
#
#! 	cd $home/src/kernel/pc
#! 	mk 'CONF=pccpuf' 
#
#In order to make actual changes to existing files in /sys/..., You
#need to copy them into your own directory before doing the binding.
#
#Or you can try the [divergefs |
#http://cm.bell-labs.com/sources/contrib/de0u/divergefs.tar.gz] file
#system, which will let you freely modify source files:
#! 	divergefs -p $home/src/kernel /sys/src/9
#! 	cd /sys/src/9/pc
#! 	mk 'CONF=pccpuf'
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To allow drawterm to connect to a terminal, run this script:
#
#! 	#bin/rc
#! 	rfork ne
#! 	auth/keyfs -p
#! 	aux/listen1 -t tcp!*!ticket /bin/auth/authsrv &
#! 	service=cpu aux/listen1 tcp!*!cpu /bin/cpu -O &
#! 	service=cpu aux/listen1 tcp!*!ncpu /bin/cpu -R &
#
#This will prompt you for hostid, authdom, and password. If you get
#sick of typing these in, you can initialise an nvram partition with
#this info using auth/wrkey(8). If you don't have an nvram partition,
#you can create one using prep(1) to steal the last sector from your
#swap partition and name it nvram.
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#(from a post by Matthias Bauer:
#[http://shoestringfoundation.org/cgi-bin/blosxom.cgi/2007/06/27#learned])
#
#While typing from one machine I remembered I had already solved a
#problem in a one-liner, but on a different drawterm which ran on a
#Unix box miles away.
#
#! 	cpu% echo $wsys
#! 	/srv/rio.myname.1234
#! 	cpu% lc /srv/rio.*
#! 	rio.myname.1234		rio.myname.5678
#
#So the other drawterm runs the rio(1) mounted on
#/srv/rio.myname.5678. To get at the scrollback of a window displayed
#on a screen on a totally different machine:
#
#! 	cpu% mount /srv/rio.myname.5678 /n/wsys 1
#! 	cpu% cat /n/wsys/text 
#! 	[...lines of output...]
#! 	[...including the one-liner...]
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#Some extra clauses for /rc/bin/9fs
#
#Historic unix sources - chose a local mirror
#! 	case unix
#! 		dom=`{ndb/ipquery sys $sysname dnsdomain | sed 's/^dnsdomain=//'}
#! 		ftpfs -r/pub/mirror/unix-archive/UnixArchive -m /n/$1 -q -a $user@$dom ftp.win.tue.nl 
#
#usb memory stick - needs usb code in /n/sources/contrib/miller
#! 	case stick
#! 	 	if (! test -f /srv/$1){
#! 	 		if (! test -f /n/ums/data)
#! 	 			usb/usbsfs
#! 			i=`{disk/fdisk -p /n/ums/data | grep dos}
#! 	 		dossrv -f /n/ums/data:$i(3) $1 >[2] /dev/null
#! 		}
#! 		mount /srv/$1 /n/$1
#
#news
#! 	case usenet
#! 		nntpfs some.news.server
#
#ssh connection to unix systems user@system starts an ssh connection
#using u9fs - note the directory where u9fs is expected.
#! 	case *@*
#! 		sys=`{echo $mnt | sed 's/^[^@]*@//'}
#! 	 	srvssh -u '''bin/`uname -m`/u9fs''' $1 $sys $sys
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#Boot kernel /386/your.kernel directly without the intermediate 9load
#and bios delays, very useful for kernel hacking
#
#! 	echo reboot /386/your.kernel > /dev/reboot
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To make scrolling with the mouse wheel faster, you can set the
#"mousescrollsize" environement var in your profile to the number of
#lines you want to scroll, the default is 1 but a value of 4 might be
#more convenient.
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To run charon on its own rio window (from the inferno mailing list):
#
#! #!/bin/rc
#! 
#! rfork n
#! 
#! if(! test -f /dev/draw/new){
#! 	bind -a '#i' /dev
#! }
#! 
#! exec /usr/inferno/Plan9/$objtype/bin/emu -G -I -c1 /dis/sh.dis -c '
#! 	mount -bc {mntgen} /mnt
#! 	bind -c ''#U*'' /n/local
#! 	bind -c ''#₪'' /srv
#! 	rioimport {
#! 		charon -buttons plain -framework all,exit $* > /dev/null >[2=1]
#! 		echo halt > /dev/sysctl
#! 	} $*
#! ' $*
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To have your keys automatically loaded in factotum, add this to your
#cpurc or termrc:
#
#! @{
#! 	auth/secstored
#! 	auth/secstore -G factotum | read -m > /mnt/factotum/ctl
#! }
#
#then you can edit your keys with ipso(1).
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#For changing your keyboard layout permanently, add the following
#line to your profile:
#
#! cat /sys/lib/kbmap/$lang > /dev/kbmap
#
#$lang is the name of a file in /sys/lib/kbmap, which are the ccTLDs
#of the different countries and languages.
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#To set up your timezone correctly, figure out in which timezone you
#are, and then, assuming e.g. you are in the CET zone:
#
#log in as user adm, and:
#
#! cp /adm/timezone/CET /adm/timezone/local
#
#and reboot. Note that the short timezone names are not standardized;
#check the first line of the file to ensure the offset is right for
#you. You can also play around with a new timezone with:
#
#! 	cp /adm/timezone/CET /env/timezone
#
#Subsequent command will pick up the new timezone, but nothing
#already running or not sharing the environment will be affected.
#
#------------------------------------------------------ 
#For more tips see the old [LANL tips |
#http://web.archive.org/web/20061012075020/http://pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~mirtchov/lanlp9/tips.html].
#
#(TODO: The LANL tips page is being slowly merged into this one)
#