NAME

	eipfmt, parseip, parseipmask, parseipandmask, v4parseip, parseether, myipaddr, myetheraddr, maskip, equivip4, equivip6, defmask, isv4, v4tov6, v6tov4, nhgetv, nhgetl, nhgets, hnputv, hnputl, hnputs, ptclbsum, readipifc, iplocalonifc, ipremoteonifc – Internet Protocol addressing

SYNOPSIS

#include <u.h> #include <libc.h> #include <ip.h> int    eipfmt(Fmt*) vlong       parseip(uchar *ipaddr, char *str) vlong       parseipmask(uchar *ipaddr, char *str, int v4) vlong       parseipandmask(uchar *ipaddr, uchar *ipmask, char *ipstr, char *maskstr) char*       v4parseip(uchar *ipaddr, char *str) int    parseether(uchar *eaddr, char *str) int    myetheraddr(uchar *eaddr, char *dev) int    myipaddr(uchar *ipaddr, char *net) void maskip(uchar *from, uchar *mask, uchar *to) int    equivip4(uchar *ipaddr1, uchar *ipaddr2) int    equivip6(uchar *ipaddr1, uchar *ipaddr2) uchar*      defmask(uchar *ipaddr) int    isv4(uchar *ipaddr) void v4tov6(uchar *ipv6, uchar *ipv4) int    v6tov4(uchar *ipv4, uchar *ipv6) ushort      nhgets(void *p) uint nhgetl(void *p) uvlong      nhgetv(void *p) void hnputs(void *p, ushort v) void hnputl(void *p, uint v) void hnputv(void *p, uvlong v) ushort      ptclbsum(uchar *a, int n) Ipifc*      readipifc(char *net, Ipifc *ifc, int index) Iplifc*     iplocalonifc(Ipifc *ifc, uchar *ip) Iplifc*     ipremoteonifc(Ipifc *ifc, uchar *ip) uchar       IPv4bcast[IPaddrlen]; uchar       IPv4allsys[IPaddrlen]; uchar       IPv4allrouter[IPaddrlen]; uchar       IPallbits[IPaddrlen]; uchar       IPnoaddr[IPaddrlen]; uchar       v4prefix[IPaddrlen];

DESCRIPTION

These routines are used by Internet Protocol (IP) programs to manipulate IP and Ethernet addresses. Plan 9, by default, uses V6–format IP addresses. Since V4 addresses fit into the V6 space, all IP addresses can be represented. IP addresses are stored as a string of 16 unsigned chars, Ethernet addresses as 6 unsigned chars. Either V4 or V6 string representation can be used for IP addresses. For V4 addresses, the representation can be (up to) 4 decimal integers from 0 to 255 separated by periods. For V6 addresses, the representation is (up to) 8 hex integers from 0x0 to 0xFFFF separated by colons. Strings of 0 integers can be elided using two colons. For example, FFFF::1111 is equivalent to FFFF:0:0:0:0:0:0:1111. The string representation for IP masks is a superset of the address representation. It includes slash notation that indicates the number of leading 1 bits in the mask. Thus, a V4 class C mask can be represented as FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FF00, 255.255.255.0, or /120. The string representation of Ethernet addresses is exactly 12 hexadecimal digits. Eipfmt is a print(2) formatter for Ethernet (verb E) addresses, IP V6 (verb I) addresses, IP V4 (verb V) addresses, and IP V6 (verb M) masks. Parseip converts a string pointed to by str to a 16–byte IP address starting at ipaddr. As a concession to backwards compatibility, if the string is a V4 address, the return value is an unsigned long integer containing the big–endian V4 address. If not, the return value is 6. Parseipmask converts a string pointed to by str to a 16–byte IP mask starting at ipaddr. It too returns an unsigned long big–endian V4 address or 6. Parseipmask accepts a mask in /prefixlen slash notation. When the v4 argument is non–zero, then prefixlen in range [0..32] is offset by 96 to yield a mask for a V4 address. Parseipandmask combines parseip and parseipmask into a single call, interpreting the mask in context of the supplied IP address type. The returned IP mask is /128 when maskstr is nil. All three functions return –1 on errors. V4parseip converts a string pointed to by str to a 4–byte V4 IP address starting at ipaddr. Myipaddr returns the first valid IP address in the IP stack rooted at net. Parseether converts a string pointed to by str to a 6–byte Ethernet address starting at eaddr. Myetheraddr reads the Ethernet address string from file dev/addr and parses it into eaddr. Both routines return a negative number on errors. Maskip places the bit–wise AND of the IP addresses pointed to by its first two arguments into the buffer pointed to by the third. Equivip returns non–zero if the IP addresses pointed to by its two arguments are equal. Equivip4 operates on v4 addresses, equivip6 operates on v6 addresses. Defmask returns the standard class A, B, or C mask for ipaddr. Isv4 returns non–zero if the V6 address is in the V4 space, that is, if it starts with 0:0:0:0:0:0:FFFF. V4tov6 converts the 4–byte V4 address, v4ip, to a V6 address and puts the result in v6ip. V6tov4 converts the V6 address, v6ip, to a 4–byte V4 address and puts the result in v4ip. Hnputs, hnputl and hnputv are used to store 16–bit, 32–bit, and 64–bit integers, respectively, into IP big–endian form. Nhgets, nhgetl and nhgetv convert big–endian 2, 4 and 8 byte quantities into integers (or uvlongs). Pctlbsum returns the one's complement checksum used in IP protocols, typically invoked as hnputs(hdr–>cksum, ~ptclbsum(data, len) & 0xffff); A number of standard IP addresses in V6 format are also defined. They are: IPv4bcast       the V4 broadcast address IPv4allsys      the V4 all systems multicast address IPv4allrouter   the V4 all routers multicast address IPallbits       the V6 all bits on address IPnoaddr        the V6 null address, all zeros v4prefix        the IP V6 prefix to all embedded V4 addresses Readipifc returns information about a particular interface (index >= 0) or all IP interfaces (index < 0) configured under a mount point net, default /net. Each interface is described by one Ipifc structure which in turn points to a linked list of Iplifc structures describing the addresses assigned to this interface. If the list ifc is supplied, that list is freed. Thus, subsequent calls can be used to free the list returned by the previous call. Ipifc is: typedef struct Ipifc { Ipifc       *next; Iplifc      *lifc;          /* local addressses */ /* per ip interface */ int    index;          /* number of interface in ipifc dir */ char dev[64];    /* associated physical device */ int    mtu;        /* max transfer unit */ uchar       sendra6;    /* on == send router adv */ uchar       recvra6;    /* on == rcv router adv */ ulong       pktin;          /* packets read */ ulong       pktout;          /* packets written */ ulong       errin;          /* read errors */ ulong       errout;          /* write errors */ Ipv6rp      rp;         /* route advertisement params */ } Ipifc; Iplifc is: struct Iplifc { Iplifc      *next; uchar       ip[IPaddrlen]; uchar       mask[IPaddrlen]; uchar       net[IPaddrlen];           /* ip & mask */ ulong       preflt;              /* preferred lifetime */ ulong       validlt;         /* valid lifetime */ }; Ipv6rp is: struct Ipv6rp { int    mflag; int    oflag; int    maxraint; /* max route adv interval */ int    minraint; /* min route adv interval */ int    linkmtu; int    reachtime; int    rxmitra; int    ttl; int    routerlt; }; Dev contains the first 64 bytes of the device configured with this interface. Net is ip&mask if the network is multipoint or the remote address if the network is point to point. Iplocalonifc looks up the first local address structure that matches ip on the interface ifc. E.g. ip is one of our local ip addresses on ifc. Ipremoteonifc returns the first local address structure with a subnet that ip is a member of. E.g. ip is a directly reachable remote address on ifc. Both iplocalonifc and ipremoteonifc return nil when no local address structrue is found.

SOURCE

	/sys/src/libip

SEE ALSO

	print(2), ip(3)